Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
Citation: An act to prevent interstate commerce in the products of child labor, and for other purposes, September 1, 1916; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives
引文：1916 年 9 月 1 日颁布的一项旨在防止童工产品及其他用途的州际贸易的法案；国会登记法案和决议，1789 年-；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆
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This act limited the working hours of children and forbade the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor.
该法案限制了儿童的工作时间，并禁止州际销售童工生产的商品。
The Supreme Court later ruled it unconstitutional.
最高法院后来裁定该法案违宪。
The 1900 census revealed that approximately 2 million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States.
1900 年的人口普查显示，全美约有 200 万儿童在磨坊、矿山、田野、工厂、商店和城市街道上工作。
The census report helped spark a national movement to end child labor in the United States.
人口普查报告帮助引发了美国结束童工现象的全国运动。
In 1908, the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine as its staff photographer and sent him across the country to photograph and report on child labor.
1908 年，国家童工委员会聘请刘易斯·海因 (Lewis Hine) 担任其专职摄影师，并派他到全国各地拍摄和报道童工问题。
Social reformers began to condemn child labor because of its detrimental effect on the health and welfare of children.
社会改革者开始谴责童工，因为它对儿童的健康和福利产生有害影响。
This act was the first child labor bill.
该法案是第一个童工法案。
It was based on a 1906 proposal by Senator Albert J.
它基于参议员 Albert J. 1906 年的一项提案。
Beveridge and used the government's ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor.
贝弗里奇并利用政府监管州际贸易的能力来监管童工。
It banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than eight hours during the day.
它禁止从任何雇用 14 岁以下儿童的工厂、商店或罐头厂、任何雇用 16 岁以下儿童的矿山以及任何让 16 岁以下儿童在夜间工作或白天工作超过 8 小时的设施销售产品。
Although Congress passed the Keating-Owen Act and President Woodrow Wilson signed it into law, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional in Hammer v.
尽管国会通过了《基廷-欧文法案》，并由伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署成为法律，但最高法院在《哈默诉特朗普案》中裁定该法案违宪。
Dagenhart 247 U.S. 251 (1918) because it overstepped the purpose of the government's powers to regulate interstate commerce.
Dagenhart 247 U.S. 251 (1918)，因为它超越了政府监管州际商业权力的目的。
In its opinion, the Court delineated between Congress's power to regulate production and commerce.
在其意见中，法院划分了国会监管生产和商业的权力。
A second child labor bill was passed in December of 1918 as part of the Revenue Act of 1919 (also called the Child Labor Tax Law).
第二项童工法案于 1918 年 12 月获得通过，作为 1919 年《收入法》（也称为《童工税法》）的一部分。
It also took an indirect route to regulate child labor, this time by using the government's power to levy taxes.
它还采取了间接途径来监管童工，这一次是利用政府的征税权力。
It too, was soon found to be unconstitutional in Bailey v.
在贝利诉美国案中，这一规定很快也被认定为违宪。
Drexel Furniture Company 259 U.S. 20 (1922).
德雷克塞尔家具公司 259 美国 20 (1922)。
The Court reasoned that “The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce does not extend to curbing the power of the states to regulate local trade.”
法院的理由是，“国会监管州际贸易的权力并不延伸到限制各州监管本地贸易的权力。”
Despite the nation's apparent desire for federal laws against child labor, the Supreme Court's rulings left little room for federal legislation.
尽管美国明显希望制定禁止童工的联邦法律，但最高法院的裁决几乎没有为联邦立法留下空间。
A constitutional amendment was soon proposed to give Congress the power to regulate child labor.
很快就提出了一项宪法修正案，赋予国会监管童工的权力。
But the campaign for ratification of the Child Labor Amendment was stalled in the 1920s by an effective campaign to discredit it.
但批准《童工修正案》的运动在 20 年代因一场有效的抹黑运动而陷入停滞。
Opponents' charges ranged from traditional states' rights arguments against increases in the power of the federal government to accusations that the amendment was a communist-inspired plot to subvert the Constitution.
反对者的指控范围广泛，从传统各州反对增加联邦政府权力的权利论点，到指责该修正案是受共产主义启发的颠覆宪法的阴谋。
Federal protection of children would not be obtained until passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, which was also challenged before the Supreme Court.
直到 1938 年《公平劳工标准法》通过后，联邦才获得对儿童的保护，该法也受到了最高法院的质疑。
This time, the movement to end child labor was victorious.
这一次，结束童工运动取得了胜利。
In February of 1941, the Supreme Court reversed its opinion in Hammer v.
1941 年 2 月，最高法院在哈默诉美国最高法院一案中推翻了其观点。
Dagenhart and, in U.
达根哈特，在 U.
S.
S。
v.
v.
Darby (1941), upheld the constitutionality of the Fair Labor Standards Act.
Darby（1941）维护了《公平劳工标准法》的合宪性。
It is still in force today.
今天它仍然有效。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
Sixty-fourth Congress of the United States of America; At the First Session,
美利坚合众国第六十四届国会；在第一届会议上，
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the sixth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and fifteen.
于公元 1915 年 12 月 6 日星期一在华盛顿市开始并举行。
AN ACT To prevent interstate commerce in the products of child labor, and for other purposes.
旨在防止童工产品的州际贸易以及出于其他目的的法案。
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , That no producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, any article or commodity the product of any mine or quarry situated in the United States, in which within thirty days prior to the time of the removal of such product therefrom children under the age of sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work, or any article or commodity the product of any mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manufacturing establishment, situated in the United States, in which within thirty days prior to the removal of such product therefrom children under the age of fourteen years have been employed or permitted to work, or children between the ages of fourteen years and sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work more than eight hours in any day, or more than six days in any week, or after the hour of seven o'clock postmeridian, or before the hour of six o'clock antemeridian: Provided, That a prosecution and conviction of a defendant for the shipment or delivery for shipment of any article or commodity under the conditions herein prohibited shall be a bar to any further prosecution against the same defendant for shipments or deliveries for shipment of any such article or commodity before the beginning of said prosecution.
美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中颁布的规定，任何生产商、制造商或经销商不得在州际或对外贸易中运输或交付位于美国境内的任何矿山或采石场的任何物品或商品，在此类产品从其中移走之前的三十天内，已雇用或允许十六岁以下儿童工作，或任何磨坊，罐头厂，车间，工厂的产品或任何物品或商品，位于美国的生产企业或制造企业，在从该企业移走此类产品之前的三十天内，已雇用或允许十四岁以下的儿童工作，或已雇用或允许十四岁至十六岁之间的儿童在任何一天工作超过八小时，或在任何一周超过六天，或在子午线后七点之后，或在子午线前六点之前：但对被告提出起诉并定罪：在本规定禁止的条件下装运或交付任何物品或商品，应禁止在上述起诉开始之前对同一被告就任何此类物品或商品的装运或交付进行进一步起诉。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
2.
2.
That the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Labor shall constitute a board to make and publish from time to time uniform rules and regulations for carrying out the provisions of this Act.
总检察长、商务部长和劳工部长应组成一个委员会，不时制定和公布统一的规则和条例，以执行本法的规定。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
3.
3.
That for the purpose of securing proper enforcement of this Act the Secretary of Labor, or any person duly authorized by him, shall have authority to enter and inspect at any time mines quarries, mills, canneries, workshops, factories, manufacturing establishments, and other places in which goods are produced or held for interstate commerce; and the Secretary of Labor shall have authority to employ such assistance for the purposes of this Act as may from time to time be authorized by appropriation or other law.
为了确保本法的正确执行，劳工部长或其正式授权的任何人有权随时进入并检查采石场、磨坊、罐头厂、作坊、工厂、制造企业以及为州际贸易生产或储存货物的其他场所；劳工部长有权出于本法的目的使用拨款或其他法律不时授权的援助。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
4.
4.
That it shall be the duty of each district attorney to whom the Secretary of Labor shall report any violation of this Act, or to whom any State factory or mining or quarry inspector, commissioner of labor, State medical inspector or school-attendance officer, or any other person shall present satisfactory evidence of any such violation to cause appropriate proceedings to be commenced and prosecuted in the proper courts of the United States without delay for the enforcement of the penalties in such cases herein provided: Provided, That nothing in this Act shall be construed to apply to bona fide boys' and girls' canning clubs recognized by the Agricultural Department of the several States and of the United States.
劳工部长应向其报告任何违反本法的行为，或者任何州工厂或采矿或采石场检查员、劳工专员、州医疗检查员或学校出勤官员或任何其他人应向其提供任何此类违规行为的令人满意的证据，以便立即在美国适当的法院启动适当的诉讼程序并进行起诉，以便立即执行本文规定的此类案件中的处罚，这是每个地区检察官的职责：但本法中的任何内容均不得解释为适用于几个州和美国农业部认可的真正的男孩和女孩罐头俱乐部。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
5.
5.
That any person who violates any of the provisions of section one of this Act, or who refuses or obstructs entry or inspection authorized by section three of this Act, shall for each offense prior to the first conviction of such person under the provisions of this Act, be punished by a fine of not more than $200, and shall for each offense subsequent to such conviction be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000, nor less than $100, or by imprisonment for not more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court: Provided, That no dealer shall be prosecuted under the provisions of this Act for a shipment, delivery for shipment, or transportation who establishes a guaranty issued by the person by whom the goods shipped or delivered for shipment or transportation were manufactured or produced, resident in the United States, to the effect that such goods were produced or manufactured in a mine or quarry in which within thirty days prior to their removal therefrom no children under the age of sixteen years were employed or permitted to work, or in a mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manufacturing establishment in which within thirty days prior to the removal of such goods therefrom no children under the ages of fourteen years were employed or permitted to work, nor children between the ages of fourteen years and sixteen years employed or permitted to work more than eight hours in any day or more than six days in any week or after the hour of seven o'clock postmeridian o before the hour of six o'clock antemeridian; and in such event, if the guaranty contains any false statement or a material fact the guarantor shall be amenable to prosecution and to the fine or imprisonment provided by this section for violation of the provisions of this Act.
任何人违反本法第一节的任何规定，或拒绝或阻碍本法第三节授权的入境或检查，在根据本法规定首次定罪之前，每犯一次罪行，应处以不超过 200 美元的罚款，并应针对定罪后的每一项罪行，处以不超过 1,000 美元、不低于 100 美元的罚款，或不超过三个月的监禁，或两者并罚。罚款和监禁，由法院酌情决定：前提是，任何经销商不得根据本法的规定对装运、交付装运或运输的货物提出起诉，该担保由装运或交付装运或运输的货物的制造或生产者、居住在美国的人出具，大意是此类货物是在矿场或采石场生产或制造的，在从矿场或采石场运出之前的三十天内，该矿场或采石场没有雇用或允许工作的 16 岁以下儿童，或在磨坊、罐头厂、作坊、工厂或制造企业中，在从工厂移走此类货物之前三十天内，不得雇用或允许十四岁以下的儿童工作，也不得雇用或允许十四岁至十六岁之间的儿童在任何一天工作超过八小时，或在任何一周工作超过六天，或在中午七点之后或中午六点之前；在这种情况下，如果担保包含任何虚假陈述或重大事实，担保人将因违反本法规定而受到起诉，并处以本节规定的罚款或监禁。
.Said guaranty, to afford the protection above provided, shall contain the name and address of the person giving the same: And provided further, That no producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall be prosecuted under this Act for the shipment, delivery for shipment, or transportation of a product of any mine, quarry , mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manufacturing establishment, if the only employment therein within thirty days prior to the removal of such product therefrom, of a child under the age of sixteen years has been that of a child as to whom the producer, or manufacturer has in; good faith procured, at the time of employing such child, and has since in good faith relied upon and kept on file a certificate, issued in such form, under such conditions, any by such persons as may be prescribed by the board, showing the child to be of such an age that the shipment, delivery for shipment, or transportation was not prohibited by this Act.
为了提供上述保护，上述保证应包含提供该保证的人的姓名和地址：并且进一步规定，如果在从任何矿山、采石场、磨坊、罐头厂、车间、工厂或制造企业中运输该产品之前的三十天内，16岁以下的儿童在其中的唯一工作是，则任何生产者、制造商或经销商均不得根据本法因装运、交付装运或运输而受到起诉。生产者或制造商所养育的儿童；善意地在雇用该儿童时取得，并在此后善意地信赖并保存一份由委员会规定的人员在该条件下以该形式签发的证书，表明该儿童的年龄足以使该儿童的运输、交付或运输不受本法禁止。
Any person who knowingly makes a false statement or presents false evidence in or in relation to any such certificate or application therefor shall be amenable to prosecution and to the fine or imprisonment provided by this section for violations of this Act.
任何人故意在任何此类证书或申请中作出虚假陈述或提供虚假证据，均应因违反本法而受到起诉并处以本节规定的罚款或监禁。
In any State designated by the board, an employment certificate or other similar paper as to the age of the child, issued under the laws of that State and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, shall have the same force and effect as a certificate herein provided for.
在委员会指定的任何州，根据该州法律签发且不违反本法规定的就业证明或其他有关儿童年龄的类似文件，应与本法规定的证书具有同等效力。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
6.
6.
That the word “person” as used in this Act shall be construed to include any individual or corporation or the members of any partnership or other unincorporated association.
本法中使用的“人”一词应解释为包括任何个人或公司或任何合伙企业或其他非法人协会的成员。
The term “ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce” as used in this Act means to transport or to ship or deliver for shipment from any State or Territory or the District of Columbia to or through any other State or Territory or the District of Columbia or to any foreign country; and in the case of a dealer means only to transport or to ship or deliver for shipment from the State, Territory or district of manufacture or production.
本法中使用的术语“在州际或外国商业中运送或交付”是指从任何州或地区或哥伦比亚特区运输或运送或交付运送到或通过任何其他州或地区或哥伦比亚特区或任何外国；对于经销商而言，仅指从制造或生产的州、地区或地区运输、装运或交付装运。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
7.
7.
That this Act shall take effect from and after one year from the date of its passage.
本法自通过之日起一年后生效。