Transcript of John Glenn's Official Communication with the Command Center (1962)
Citation: Transcription of John Glenn's Flight Communications, February 28, 1962; Records of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Record Group 255; National Archives and Records Administration--Southwest Region (Fort Worth, TX
引文：John Glenn 飞行通讯记录，1962 年 2 月 28 日；美国国家航空航天局的记录；记录组255；国家档案和记录管理局 - 西南地区（德克萨斯州沃思堡）
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查看国家档案目录中的所有页面
John Glenn conducted the first manned space orbit of the earth by an American on February 20, 1962.
1962 年 2 月 20 日，美国人约翰·格伦 (John Glenn) 进行了首次载人太空轨道绕地球飞行。
This is the transcription of his in-flight communication with Mission Control in Florida.
这是他与佛罗里达州任务控制中心的飞行中通讯记录。
Soviet scientists stunned the world on October 4, 1957, when they launched a satellite, called Sputnik I , into orbit around the earth.
1957 年 10 月 4 日，苏联科学家将一颗名为 Sputnik I 的卫星发射到绕地球轨道上，震惊了世界。
It weighted 184 pounds.
它重184磅。
A month later they exceeded their previous mark by launching a larger satellite that weighed 1,120 pounds and carried a dog.
一个月后，他们发射了一颗更大的卫星，重达 1,120 磅，并载有一只狗，从而超越了之前的记录。
This amazing scientific accomplishment sent a shock wave through America.
这一惊人的科学成就震惊了整个美国。
The military significance of Sputnik was lost on no one, for if the Soviets could fire heavy objects into outer space, they could certainly reach America with intercontinental missiles loaded with nuclear warheads.
人造卫星的军事意义无人忽视，因为如果苏联能够向外太空发射重型物体，那么他们肯定可以用装载核弹头的洲际导弹到达美国。
A space and arms race fever swept the nation, and by January 31, 1958, America regained some confidence and prestige by launching Explorer I , a grapefruit sized-sized (2.5 pounds) satellite, into orbit.
太空和军备竞赛热潮席卷全国，到 1958 年 1 月 31 日，美国通过将“探索者一号”——一颗柚子大小（2.5 磅）的卫星送入轨道，重新获得了一些信心和威望。
To stay competitive in this race, President Eisenhower proposed and Congress passed the National Defense and Education Act, which authorized $887 million in loans and grants to aid college students in teaching sciences and languages.
为了在这场竞选中保持竞争力，艾森豪威尔总统提议并由国会通过了《国防和教育法案》，该法案授权提供 8.87 亿美元的贷款和赠款，以帮助大学生教授科学和语言。
Between 1958 and 1961, a series of unmanned launches by the Americans and the Soviets resulted in the launch of the first man into space by the Soviets on April 12, 1961.
1958 年至 1961 年间，美国和苏联进行了一系列无人发射，苏联于 1961 年 4 月 12 日将第一人送入太空。
Just over 20 days later, on May 5, Alan B.
仅仅 20 多天后，即 5 月 5 日，Alan B.
Shepard, Jr., became the first American in space.
小谢泼德成为第一个进入太空的美国人。
John Glenn blasted into orbit around the earth on February 20, 1962.
1962 年 2 月 20 日，约翰·格伦 (John Glenn) 被送入绕地轨道。
Encased in a bulky pressurized suit, strapped into a seat, and crammed into a tiny capsule, Glenn put his life at risk as he traveled at 17,500 miles per hour 160 miles above Earth.
格伦穿着笨重的加压服，绑在座位上，塞进一个小太空舱里，冒着生命危险，以每小时 17,500 英里的速度在距地球 160 英里的地方飞行。
With great skill, courage, and grace, Glenn manually piloted Friendship 7 when the autopilot function failed.
当自动驾驶功能失效时，格伦凭借高超的技巧、勇气和优雅，手动驾驶了友谊7号。
Mission Control was also concerned about whether the capsule's life-saving heat shield would hold when Glenn reentered the atmosphere.
任务控制中心还担心当格伦重新进入大气层时，太空舱的救生隔热罩是否能保持住。
After Glenn began his second orbit, Mission Control received a signal that the heat shield, designed to prevent the capsule from burning up during reentry, was loose.
格伦开始第二次轨道飞行后，任务控制中心收到一个信号，表明用于防止太空舱在重返大气层期间燃烧的隔热罩松动了。
Although it could have been a faulty signal, Mission Control took no chances.
尽管这可能是一个错误的信号，但任务控制中心并没有冒险。
Normally, the retropacket package would be jettisoned after the rockets were fired to slow the capsule for reentry.
通常情况下，火箭发射后，返回包会被丢弃，以减慢太空舱的速度，以便重返大气层。
In this case, however, Glenn was ordered to retain the retropack to hold the heat shield in place.
然而，在这种情况下，格伦被命令保留改装件以将隔热罩固定到位。
While struggling to maintain control of the spacecraft, Glenn watched as huge chunks flew past the window and wondered whether it was the retropack or heat shield breaking up.
当格伦努力维持对飞船的控制时，他看到巨大的碎片飞过窗户，想知道是改装包还是隔热罩破裂了。
The heat shield held.
隔热罩保持住了。
If it hadn't, Glenn and his capsule would have been incinerated.
如果没有的话，格伦和他的太空舱就会被焚毁。
Glenn returned to Earth after five hours, suffering no injury more severe than scraped knuckles, sustained as he prepared to exit the capsule after a safe splashdown.
五小时后格伦返回地球，在安全溅落后准备离开太空舱时，他所受的伤并不比指关节擦伤更严重。
In the flood of enthusiasm after Glenn’s flight, President John F.
格伦逃亡后，总统约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy proposed a new challenge on September 12, 1962, in an address at Rice University:
1962 年 9 月 12 日，肯尼迪在莱斯大学的演讲中提出了一项新的挑战：
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet.
外太空还没有冲突、偏见、民族冲突。
Its hazards are hostile to us all.
它的危害对我们所有人都是充满敌意的。
Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again.
它的征服值得全人类付出最好的代价，而它的和平合作机会却是许多人永远不会再有的。
But why, some say, the moon?
但有人说，为什么是月球？
Why choose this as our goal?
为什么选择这个作为我们的目标？
And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain?
他们很可能会问为什么要爬最高的山？
Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic?
35 年前，为什么要飞越大西洋？
Why does Rice play Texas?
赖斯为什么要打德克萨斯州？
We choose to go to the moon.
我们选择去月球。
We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.
我们选择在这十年内登上月球并做其他事情，不是因为它们很容易，而是因为它们很困难，因为这个目标将有助于组织和衡量我们最好的精力和技能，因为这一挑战是我们愿意接受的挑战，是我们不愿意推迟的挑战，也是我们打算赢得的挑战，其他也是如此。
The document presented here is a page of the official flight transcript of Glenn's 1962 spaceflight document the reentry.
这里提供的文件是格伦 1962 年重返太空飞行文件的官方飞行记录的一页。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。