President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830)
Citation: President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress "On Indian Removal"; 12/6/1830; Presidential Messages, 1789 - 1875; Records of the U.S. Senate, Record Group 46; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.
引文：安德鲁·杰克逊总统向国会发表的“关于印第安人迁移”的讲话； 1830 年 12 月 6 日；总统致辞，1789 年至 1875 年；美国参议院记录，记录组 46；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。
View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog
查看国家档案目录中的所有页面
On December 6, 1830, in his annual message to Congress, President Andrew Jackson informed Congress on the progress of the removal of Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land in the west.
1830 年 12 月 6 日，安德鲁·杰克逊总统在向国会提交的年度致辞中向国会通报了将居住在密西西比河以东的印第安部落迁往西部登陆的进展情况。
In the early 1800s, American demand for Indian nations' land increased, and momentum grew to force American Indians further west.
1800年代初，美国对印第安民族土地的需求增加，迫使美洲印第安人进一步向西迁移的势头不断增强。
The first major step to relocate American Indians came when Congress passed, and President Andrew Jackson signed, the Indian Removal Act of May 28, 1830.
1830 年 5 月 28 日，国会通过并由安德鲁·杰克逊总统签署了《印第安人迁移法案》，这是重新安置美洲印第安人的第一个重大步骤。
The Act authorized the President to negotiate removal treaties with Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River, primarily in the states of Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, and others.
该法案授权总统与居住在密西西比河以东的印第安部落谈判签订迁移条约，这些部落主要分布在佐治亚州、田纳西州、阿拉巴马州、密西西比州、北卡罗来纳州和其他州。
The goal was to remove all American Indians living in existing states and territories and send them to unsettled land in the west.
目标是驱逐所有居住在现有州和领地的美洲印第安人，并将他们送往西部不稳定的土地。
In his message on December 6, 1830, President Jackson informed Congress on the progress of the removal, stating, "It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation."
杰克逊总统在 1830 年 12 月 6 日的致辞中向国会通报了迁移的进展情况，他说：“我很高兴地向国会宣布，政府近三十年来稳步推行的关于迁移白人定居点以外的印第安人的仁慈政策已接近完美。”
Jackson declared that removal would "incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier." Clearing Alabama and Mississippi of their Indian populations, he said, would "enable those states to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power."
杰克逊宣称，撤军将“不可估量地加强西南边境”。他说，清除阿拉巴马州和密西西比州的印第安人口将“使这些州的人口、财富和实力迅速提高”。
By the end of Jackson’s Presidency, his administration had negotiated almost 70 removal treaties.
到杰克逊总统任期结束时，他的政府已经谈判达成了近 70 项驱逐条约。
These led to the relocation of nearly 50,000 eastern Indians to the Indian Territory—what later became eastern Oklahoma.
这导致近 50,000 名东部印第安人迁移到印第安领地（后来成为俄克拉荷马州东部）。
It opened up 25 million acres of eastern land to white settlement and, since the bulk of the land was in the American south, to the expansion of slavery.
它在东部开辟了 2500 万英亩的土地供白人定居，并且由于大部分土地位于美国南部，因此扩大了奴隶制。
Perhaps the most well-known treaty, the Treaty of New Echota, ratified in 1836, called for the removal of the Cherokees living in Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama.
也许最著名的条约是 1836 年批准的《新埃科塔条约》，该条约要求驱逐居住在佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州、田纳西州和阿拉巴马州的切罗基人。
The treaty was opposed by many members of the Cherokee Nation; and when they refused to leave, Maj.
该条约遭到切罗基族许多成员的反对。当他们拒绝离开时，少校。
Gen.
将军
Winfield Scott was ordered to push them out.
温菲尔德·斯科特奉命将他们赶出去。
He was given 3,000 troops and the authority to raise additional state militia and volunteer troops to force removal.
他被授予 3,000 名士兵，并有权征召更多的州民兵和志愿军来强制撤离。
Despite Scott’s order calling for the removal of Indians in a humane fashion, this did not happen.
尽管斯科特下令以人道方式驱逐印第安人，但这并没有发生。
During the fall and winter of 1838-39, the Cherokees were forcibly moved from their homes to the Indian Territory—some having to walk as many as 1,000 miles over a four-month period.
1838-39 年秋冬期间，切罗基人被迫从家园迁移到印第安领地，其中一些人不得不在四个月的时间里步行多达 1,000 英里。
Approximately 4,000 of 16,000 Cherokees died along the way.
16,000 名切罗基人中约有 4,000 人在途中死亡。
This sad chapter in our history is known as the "Trail of Tears."
我们历史上这段悲伤的篇章被称为“泪痕”。
By the 1840s, nearly all Indian tribes had been driven west, which is exactly what the Indian Removal Act intended to accomplish.
到了 1840 年代，几乎所有印第安部落都被驱赶到西部，这正是《印第安人迁移法案》想要实现的目标。
This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation.
我很高兴地向国会宣布，政府近三十年来稳步推行的关于将印第安人驱逐出白人定居点的仁慈政策即将取得圆满成功。
Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce the remaining tribes also to seek the same obvious advantages.
两个重要的部落已经接受了上届国会提出的罢免条款，相信他们的榜样将促使其余部落也寻求同样明显的优势。
The consequences of a speedy removal will be important to the United States, to individual States, and to the Indians themselves.
迅速移除的后果对于美国、各个州以及印第安人本身来说都非常重要。
The pecuniary advantages which it promises to the Government are the least of its recommendations.
它向政府承诺的金钱上的好处只是其建议中最微不足道的。
It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the General and State Governments on account of the Indians.
它消除了联邦政府和州政府当局之间因印第安人而发生冲突的所有可能的危险。
It will place a dense and civilized population in large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters.
它将把密集而文明的人口安置在现在被一些野蛮猎人占领的大片土地上。
By opening the whole territory between Tennessee on the north and Louisiana on the south to the settlement of the whites it will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier and render the adjacent States strong enough to repel future invasions without remote aid.
通过将北部田纳西州和南部路易斯安那州之间的整个领土开放给白人定居，这将不可估量地加强西南边境，并使邻近各州强大到足以在没有远程援助的情况下击退未来的入侵。
It will relieve the whole State of Mississippi and the western part of Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those States to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power.
它将解除整个密西西比州和阿拉巴马州西部地区对印第安人的占领，并使这些州的人口、财富和实力迅速提高。
It will separate the Indians from immediate contact with settlements of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable them to pursue happiness in their own way and under their own rude institutions; will retard the progress of decay, which is lessening their numbers, and perhaps cause them gradually, under the protection of the Government and through the influence of good counsels, to cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community.
它将隔离印第安人与白人定居点的直接接触；将他们从各州的权力中解放出来；使他们能够以自己的方式、在自己粗鲁的制度下追求幸福；会延缓腐朽的进程，从而减少他们的数量，也许会在政府的保护下并通过良好建议的影响，使他们逐渐摆脱野蛮的习惯，成为一个有趣的、文明的和基督教的社区。
What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization and religion?
哪个好人会喜欢一个被森林覆盖、居住着几千个野蛮人的国家，而不是我们广阔的共和国，那里布满了城市、城镇和繁荣的农场，装饰着艺术可以设计或工业执行的所有改进，拥有超过 12,000,000 幸福的人民，充满了自由、文明和宗教的所有祝福？
The present policy of the Government is but a continuation of the same progressive change by a milder process.
政府目前的政策只是同样的渐进变革的延续，但过程较为温和。
The tribes which occupied the countries now constituting the Eastern States were annihilated or have melted away to make room for the whites.
占领现在东部各州的部落要么被消灭，要么消失，为白人腾出空间。
The waves of population and civilization are rolling to the westward, and we now propose to acquire the countries occupied by the red men of the South and West by a fair exchange, and, at the expense of the United States, to send them to land where their existence may be prolonged and perhaps made perpetual.
人口和文明的浪潮正在向西滚滚而来，我们现在提议通过公平交换的方式获得南方和西方红人占领的国家，并以美国为代价，将他们送往可以延长甚至永久存在的土地。
Doubtless it will be painful to leave the graves of their fathers; but what do they more than our ancestors did or than our children are now doing?
毫无疑问，离开父亲的坟墓将是痛苦的。但他们比我们的祖先或我们的孩子现在所做的更多的是什么？
To better their condition in an unknown land our forefathers left all that was dear in earthly objects.
为了改善他们在这片未知土地上的状况，我们的祖先留下了尘世间所有珍贵的东西。
Our children by thousands yearly leave the land of their birth to seek new homes in distant regions.
每年都有成千上万的孩子离开自己的出生地到遥远的地区寻找新家。
Does Humanity weep at these painful separations from everything, animate and inanimate, with which the young heart has become entwined?
人类是否会因与年轻的心所纠缠在一起的一切事物（无论是有生命的还是无生命的）的痛苦分离而哭泣？
Far from it.
远非如此。
It is rather a source of joy that our country affords scope where our young population may range unconstrained in body or in mind, developing the power and facilities of man in their highest perfection.
令人高兴的是，我们的国家为我们的年轻人提供了可以在身体或思想上不受限制的空间，将人类的力量和设施发展到最完美的状态。
These remove hundreds and almost thousands of miles at their own expense, purchase the lands they occupy, and support themselves at their new homes from the moment of their arrival.
他们自费搬迁数百甚至数千英里，购买他们占据的土地，并从到达的那一刻起就在新家养活自己。
Can it be cruel in this Government when, by events which it can not control, the Indian is made discontented in his ancient home to purchase his lands, to give him a new and extensive territory, to pay the expense of his removal, and support him a year in his new abode?
当印第安人因无法控制的事件而对他的古老家园感到不满而购买他的土地，给他一个新的广阔领土，支付他的搬迁费用并在他的新住所供养他一年时，这政府会是残酷的吗？
How many thousands of our own people would gladly embrace the opportunity of removing to the West on such conditions!
在这样的条件下，有多少我们自己的人民会欣然接受移居西方的机会！
If the offers made to the Indians were extended to them, they would be hailed with gratitude and joy.
如果向印第安人提出的条件也适用于他们，他们一定会感到感激和喜悦。
And is it supposed that the wandering savage has a stronger attachment to his home than the settled, civilized Christian?
难道流浪的野蛮人比定居的文明基督徒对家乡有更强烈的依恋吗？
Is it more afflicting to him to leave the graves of his fathers than it is to our brothers and children?
离开父亲的坟墓对他来说是否比我们的兄弟和孩子更痛苦？
Rightly considered, the policy of the General Government toward the red man is not only liberal, but generous.
正确地考虑，联邦政府对红人的政策不仅是自由的，而且是慷慨的。
He is unwilling to submit to the laws of the States and mingle with their population.
他不愿意遵守各州的法律并与他们的人民交往。
To save him from this alternative, or perhaps utter annihilation, the General Government kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement.
为了把他从这种选择中拯救出来，或者也许彻底消灭，联邦政府善意地为他提供了一个新家，并提议支付他搬迁和定居的全部费用。