Executive Order 8802: Prohibition of Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941)

Citation: Executive Order 8802 dated June 25, 1941, in which President Franklin D.

引用：1941 年 6 月 25 日第 8802 号行政命令，其中总统富兰克林·D.

Roosevelt prohibits discrimination in the defense program; 6/25/1941; Executive Orders, 1862 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.

罗斯福禁止国防计划中的歧视； 1941 年 6 月 25 日；行政命令，1862 年 - 2011 年；美国政府总记录，记录组 11；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。

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In June of 1941, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, banning discriminatory employment practices by federal agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war-related work.

1941 年 6 月，罗斯福总统发布了第 8802 号行政命令，禁止联邦机构以及所有从事战争相关工作的工会和公司采取歧视性就业做法。

The order also established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy.

该命令还成立了公平就业实践委员会来执行新政策。

In early 1941, millions of jobs were being created, primarily in urban areas, as the United States prepared for World War II.

1941 年初，随着美国为第二次世界大战做准备，主要在城市地区创造了数百万个就业岗位。

When large numbers of African Americans moved to cities in the north and west to work in defense industries, they were often met with violence and discrimination.

当大量非裔美国人搬到北部和西部城市从事国防工业工作时，他们经常遭到暴力和歧视。

In response, A.

对此，A.

Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and other Black leaders, met with Eleanor Roosevelt and members of the President’s cabinet.

卧车搬运工兄弟会主席菲利普·兰道夫和其他黑人领导人会见了埃莉诺·罗斯福和总统内阁成员。

Randolph presented a list of grievances regarding the civil rights of African Americans, demanding that an executive order be issued to stop job discrimination in the defense industry.

伦道夫提出了一系列有关非裔美国人公民权利的不满清单，要求发布行政命令以制止国防工业中的就业歧视。

Randolph, with others, threatened that they were prepared to bring "ten, twenty, fifty thousand Negroes on the White House lawn" if their demands were not met.

伦道夫和其他人威胁说，如果他们的要求得不到满足，他们准备将“十、二十、五万名黑人带到白宫草坪上”。

In reaction to the fear of tens of thousands—if not more—African Americans marching on the nation’s capitol, and after consultation with his advisers, Roosevelt responded to the Black leaders and issued Executive Order 8802 on June 25th.

为了应对成千上万（如果不是更多）非洲裔美国人在美国国会大厦游行的恐惧，在与顾问协商后，罗斯福对黑人领导人做出了回应，并于 6 月 25 日发布了第 8802 号行政命令。

It declared, "There shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries and in Government, because of race, creed, color, or national origin." It was the first Presidential directive on race since Reconstruction.

它宣称，“国防工业和政府部门的工人就业不得因种族、信仰、肤色或国籍而受到歧视”。这是自重建以来第一个关于种族的总统指令。

In exchange for Executive Order 8802, Randolph called off the march, though he would be a driving force of the 1963 March on Washington.

作为 8802 号行政命令的交换，伦道夫取消了游行，尽管他将成为 1963 年华盛顿游行的推动者。

To investigate “complaints of discrimination in violation of the provisions of this order” Executive Order 8802 established the “Committee on Fair Employment Practice.” More commonly known as the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC), it has been disregarded by most historians as a powerless and ineffectual agency, especially in the South.

为了调查“违反本命令规定的歧视投诉”，第 8802 号行政命令成立了“公平就业实践委员会”。它通常被称为公平就业实践委员会（FEPC），被大多数历史学家视为无能为力且无效的机构，尤其是在南方。

After World War II, the FEPC almost became a permanent agency, but a strong voting bloc in Congress prevented it.

第二次世界大战后，FEPC 几乎成为一个永久机构，但国会中强大的投票集团阻止了这一点。

Shortly after the dismantling of the FEPC, President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 banning segregation in the military.

FEPC 解散后不久，杜鲁门总统发布了第 9981 号行政命令，禁止军队中的种族隔离。

This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Reaffirming Policy Of Full Participation In The Defense Program By All Persons, Regardless Of Race, Creed, Color, Or National Origin, And Directing Certain Action In Furtherance Of Said Policy

重申所有人全面参与国防计划的政策，无论种族、信仰、肤色或国籍，并指导采取某些行动以促进上述政策

WHEREAS it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders; and

鉴于美国的政策是鼓励所有美国公民充分参与国防计划，无论其种族、信仰、肤色或国籍如何，并坚信只有在其境内所有群体的帮助和支持下才能成功捍卫国家的民主生活方式；和

WHEREAS there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment of workers' morale and of national unity:

鉴于有证据表明，仅仅因为种族、信仰、肤色或民族血统的考虑，国防生产行业中可用和需要的工人就被禁止就业，这损害了工人的士气和民族团结：

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, and as a prerequisite to the successful conduct of our national defense production effort, I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations, in furtherance of said policy and of this order, to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

因此，现在，凭借宪法和法规赋予我的权力，并且作为我们国防生产努力成功进行的先决条件，我特此重申美国的政策，即在国防工业或政府中雇用工人时不得因种族、信仰、肤色或国籍而受到歧视，并且我特此声明，雇主和劳工组织有责任，为了促进上述政策和本命令，规定所有工人充分和公平地参与国防工业，不受种族、信仰、肤色或国籍的歧视；

1.

1.

All departments and agencies of the Government of the United States concerned with vocational and training programs for defense production shall take special measures appropriate to assure that such programs are administered without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

美国政府所有与国防生产职业和培训计划有关的部门和机构应采取适当的特别措施，以确保这些计划的实施不因种族、信仰、肤色或国籍而受到歧视；

2.

2.

All contracting agencies of the Government of the United States shall include in all defense contracts hereafter negotiated by them a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any worker because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

美国政府的所有订约机构应在其后谈判的所有国防合同中纳入一项条款，要求承包商不得因种族、信仰、肤色或国籍而歧视任何工人；

3.

3.

There is established in the Office of Production Management a Committee on Fair Employment Practice, which shall consist of a chairman and four other members to be appointed by the President.

生产管理办公室设立公平雇佣实践委员会，由主席一名和其他四名成员组成，由总统任命。

The Chairman and members of the Committee shall serve as such without compensation but shall be entitled to actual and necessary transportation, subsistence and other expenses incidental to performance of their duties.

委员会主席和委员无偿担任委员会主席和委员，但有权获得履行职责所附带的实际必要的交通费、生活费和其他费用。

The Committee shall receive and investigate complaints of discrimination in violation of the provisions of this order and shall take appropriate steps to redress grievances which it finds to be valid.

委员会应接收和调查有关违反本命令规定的歧视的投诉，并应采取适当措施纠正其认为有效的申诉。

The Committee shall also recommend to the several departments and agencies of the Government of the United States and to the President all measures which may be deemed by it necessary or proper to effectuate the provisions of this order.

委员会还应向美国政府的多个部门和机构以及总统建议实施本命令的规定所认为必要或适当的所有措施。

Franklin D.

富兰克林·D.

Roosevelt The White House, June 25, 1941.

罗斯福白宫，1941 年 6 月 25 日。