Executive Order 10924: Establishment of the Peace Corps. (1961)
Citation: Executive Order 10924, Establishment and Administration of the Peace Corps in the Department of State, March 1, 1961; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
引用：第 10924 号行政命令，国务院和平队的建立和管理，1961 年 3 月 1 日；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。
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查看国家档案目录中的所有页面
On March 1, 1961, President Kennedy signed this executive order establishing the Peace Corps.
1961 年 3 月 1 日，肯尼迪总统签署了建立和平队的行政命令。
On September 22, 1961, Congress approved the legislation that formally authorized the Peace Corps.
1961年9月22日，国会批准了正式授权和平队的立法。
Goals of the Peace Corps included: 1) helping the people of interested countries and areas meet their needs for trained workers; 2) helping promote a better understanding of Americans in countries where volunteers served; and 3) helping promote a better understanding of peoples of other nations on the part of Americans.
和平队的目标包括：1）帮助感兴趣的国家和地区的人民满足他们对受过培训的工人的需求； 2）帮助促进志愿者服务所在国家的美国人更好地了解； 3）帮助美国人更好地了解其他国家的人民。
The founding of the Peace Corps is one of President John F.
和平队的创始人之一是约翰·肯尼迪总统。
Kennedy's most enduring legacies.
肯尼迪最持久的遗产。
Yet it began in a fortuitous and unexpected moment.
然而它开始于一个偶然且意想不到的时刻。
Kennedy, arriving late to speak to students at the University of Michigan on October 14, 1960, found himself thronged by a crowd of 10,000 students at 2 o'clock in the morning.
1960 年 10 月 14 日，肯尼迪在密歇根大学向学生发表演讲时迟到了，凌晨 2 点，他发现自己被 10,000 名学生挤满了。
Speaking extemporaneously, the Presidential candidate challenged American youth to devote a part of their lives to living and working in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
这位总统候选人即兴发言，要求美国青年将生命的一部分奉献给亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的生活和工作。
Would students back his effort to form a Peace Corps?
学生们会支持他组建和平队的努力吗？
Their response was immediate: Within weeks, students organized a petition drive and gathered 1,000 signatures in support of the idea.
他们的反应是立即的：几周之内，学生们组织了一次请愿活动，并收集了 1,000 个签名来支持这个想法。
Several hundred others pledged to serve.
还有数百人承诺服役。
Enthusiastic letters poured into Democratic headquarters.
热情的信件涌入民主党总部。
This response was crucial to Kennedy's decision to make the founding of a Peace Corps a priority.
这一回应对于肯尼迪决定将建立和平队作为优先事项至关重要。
Since then, hundreds of thousands of citizens of all ages and backgrounds have worked in more than 140 countries throughout the world as volunteers in such fields as health, teaching, agriculture, urban planning, skilled trades, forestry, sanitation, and technology.
自那时起，数十万不同年龄和背景的公民在世界各地 140 多个国家作为志愿者，在卫生、教学、农业、城市规划、技术贸易、林业、卫生和技术等领域工作。
By 1960, two bills were introduced in Congress that were the direct forerunners of the Peace Corps.
到 1960 年，国会提出了两项法案，它们是和平队的直接前身。
Representative Henry S.
代表亨利·S.
Reuss of Wisconsin proposed that the federal government study the idea, and Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota asked for the establishment of a Peace Corps itself.
威斯康星州的罗伊斯建议联邦政府研究这个想法，明尼苏达州的参议员休伯特·汉弗莱则要求成立和平队。
These bills were not likely to pass Congress at the time, but they caught the attention of then-Senator Kennedy for several important reasons.
这些法案当时不太可能在国会获得通过，但由于几个重要原因引起了当时的参议员肯尼迪的注意。
In contrast to previous administrations, Kennedy foresaw a "New Frontier" inspired by Roosevelt's New Deal.
与前几届政府不同，肯尼迪在罗斯福新政的启发下预见到了“新前沿”。
The New Frontier envisioned programs to fight poverty, help cities, and expand governmental benefits to a wide array of Americans.
新前沿设想了消除贫困、帮助城市以及将政府福利扩大到广大美国人的计划。
In foreign affairs, Kennedy was also more of an activist than his predecessor.
在外交事务上，肯尼迪也比他的前任更加积极主动。
He viewed the Presidency as "the vital center of action in our whole scheme of government." Concerned by what was then perceived to be the global threat of communism, Kennedy looked for creative as well as military solutions.
他将总统职位视为“我们整个政府计划的重要行动中心”。出于对当时被认为是共产主义的全球威胁的担忧，肯尼迪寻求创造性的以及军事的解决方案。
He was eager to revitalize a program of economic aid and to counter negative images of the "Ugly American" and Yankee imperialism.
他渴望重振经济援助计划，并反击“丑陋的美国”和美帝国主义的负面形象。
He believed that sending idealistic Americans abroad to work at the grass-roots level would spread American goodwill into developing nations and help stem the growth of communism there.
他相信，将理想主义的美国人派往国外到基层工作，可以将美国的善意传播到发展中国家，并有助于遏制那里共产主义的发展。
Kennedy lost no time in actualizing his dream for a Peace Corps.
肯尼迪不失时机地实现了他组建和平队的梦想。
Between his election and inauguration, he ordered Sargent Shriver, his brother-in-law, to do a feasibility study.
在他当选和就职期间，他命令他的妹夫萨金特·施莱弗（Sargent Shriver）进行可行性研究。
Shriver remembered, "We received more letters from people offering to work in or to volunteer for the Peace Corps, which did not then exist, than for all other existing agencies."
施赖弗回忆道，“我们收到的愿意在和平队工作或担任志愿者的人的来信比所有其他现有机构都要多，当时和平队还不存在。”
Within two months of taking office, Kennedy issued an executive order establishing the Peace Corps within the State Department, using funds from mutual security appropriations.
上任后两个月内，肯尼迪发布了一项行政命令，在国务院内建立和平队，资金来自共同安全拨款。
Shriver, as head of the new agency, assured its success by his fervent idealism and his willingness to improvise and take action.
作为新机构的负责人，施赖弗以其狂热的理想主义以及即兴发挥和采取行动的意愿确保了其成功。
To have permanency and eventual autonomy, though, the Peace Corps would have to be approved and funded by Congress.
不过，为了获得永久性和最终的自治权，和平队必须得到国会的批准和资助。
In September 1961, the 87th Congress passed Public Law 87-293 establishing a Peace Corps.
1961 年 9 月，第 87 届国会通过了建立和平队的第 87-293 号公法。
By this time, because of Kennedy’s executive order and Shriver's leadership, Peace Corps volunteers were already in the field.
此时，由于肯尼迪的行政命令和施莱弗的领导，和平队志愿者已经在现场。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEACE CORPS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
国务院和平队的建立和管理
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Mutual Security Act of 1954, 68 Stat.
凭借 1954 年《相互安全法》赋予我的权力，第 68 条。
832, as amended (22 U.S.C.
832，经修订（22 U.S.C.
1750 et seq.), and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1750 及以下），作为美国总统，特此命令如下：
SECTION 1.
第 1 节。
Establishment of the Peace Corps.
和平队成立。
The Secretary of State shall establish an agency in the Department of State which shall be known as the Peace Corps.
国务卿应在国务院设立一个机构，称为和平队。
The Peace Corps shall be headed by a Director.
和平队应由一名主任领导。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
2.
2.
Functions of the Peace Corps.
和平队的职能。
(a) The Peace Corps shall be responsible for the training and service abroad of men and women of the United States in new programs of assistance to nations and areas of the world, and in conjunction with or in support of existing economic assistance programs of the United States and of the United Nations and other international organizations.
(a) 和平队应负责在向世界各国和地区提供新的援助计划中，并结合或支持美国、联合国和其他国际组织的现有经济援助计划，在国外对美国男女进行培训和服务。
(b) The Secretary of State shall delegate, or cause to be delegated, to the Director of the Peace Corps such of the functions under the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, vested in the President and delegated to the Secretary, or vested in the Secretary, as the Secretary shall deem necessary for the accomplishment of the purposes of the Peace Corps.
(b) 国务卿应将经修订的 1954 年相互安全法赋予总统并委托给国务卿或国务卿认为为实现和平队宗旨所必需的职能委托给和平队主任，或委托给和平队主任。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
3.
3.
Financing of the Peace Corps.
和平队的经费筹措。
The Secretary of State shall provide for the flnancing of the Peace Corps with funds available to the Secretary for the performance of functions under the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended.
国务卿应为和平队提供资金，并提供国务卿根据经修订的 1954 年相互安全法履行职能所需的资金。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
4.
4.
Relation to Executive Order No. 10893.
与第 10893 号行政命令的关系。
This order shall not be deemed to supersede or derogate from any provision of Executive Order No. 10893 of November 8, 1960, as amended, and any delegation made by or pursuant to this order shall, unless otherwise specifioally provided therein, be deemed to be in addition to any delegation made by or pursuant to that order.
本命令不得被视为取代或减损经修订的 1960 年 11 月 8 日第 10893 号行政命令的任何规定，并且由本命令作出或根据本命令作出的任何授权，除非其中另有具体规定，应被视为对由该命令作出或根据该命令作出的任何授权的补充。