Executive Order 10730: Desegregation of Central High School (1957)
Citation: Executive Order 10730, September 23, 1957 (Little Rock Crisis); General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
引用：1957 年 9 月 23 日第 10730 号行政命令（小石城危机）；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。
This executive order of September 23, 1957, signed by President Dwight Eisenhower, sent federal troops to maintain order and peace while the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, AR, took place.
1957 年 9 月 23 日，德怀特·艾森豪威尔 (Dwight Eisenhower) 总统签署了这项行政命令，派遣联邦军队在阿肯色州小石城中央高中的整合过程中维持秩序与和平。
On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v.
1954年5月17日，美国最高法院对布朗诉.
Board of Education that segregated schools were "inherently unequal" and ordered that U.S. public schools be desegregated "with all deliberate speed."
教育委员会认为，种族隔离的学校“本质上是不平等的”，并下令美国公立学校“以极快的速度”废除种族隔离。
Within a week of the 1954 decision, Arkansas was one of two Southern states to announce it would begin immediately to take steps to comply with the Brown decision.
1954 年决定作出后一周内，阿肯色州成为宣布将立即开始采取措施遵守布朗决定的两个南方州之一。
Arkansas's law school had been integrated since 1949, and seven of its eight state universities had desegregated.
阿肯色州的法学院自 1949 年起就进行了合并，八所州立大学中有七所废除了种族隔离。
African Americans had been appointed to state boards and elected to local offices.
非裔美国人被任命为州议会成员并当选为地方官员。
It had already desegregated its public buses as well as its zoo, library, and parks system.
它已经取消了公共巴士以及动物园、图书馆和公园系统的种族隔离。
In the summer of 1957, the city of Little Rock made plans to desegregate its public schools.
1957 年夏天，小石城制定了取消公立学校种族隔离的计划。
Little Rock’s school board had voted unanimously for a plan that started with the desegregation of the high school in 1957, followed by junior high schools the next year, and elementary schools following.
小石城的学校董事会一致投票通过了一项计划，该计划从 1957 年高中废除种族隔离开始，随后是初中和小学。
In September, nine Black students – collectively known as the "Little Rock Nine" – enrolled at Central High School in Little Rock.
九月，九名黑人学生——统称为“小石城九人”——就读于小石城中央高中。
The ensuing struggle between segregationists and integrationists, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and the federal government (especially President Dwight D.
随后，种族隔离主义者和种族融合主义者、阿肯色州州长奥瓦尔·福布斯 (Orval Faubus) 和联邦政府（特别是总统德怀特·D·福布斯 (Dwight D.
Eisenhower himself) became known as the "Little Rock Crisis."
艾森豪威尔本人）被称为“小石城危机”。
The night before school was to start, on September 2, Governor Faubus announced that he had called out the state's National Guard to surround Little Rock Central High School and preserve order.
9 月 2 日，开学前一天晚上，州长福布斯宣布，他已派遣该州国民警卫队包围小石城中央高中并维持秩序。
He explained that he was taking this action to protect citizens and property from possible violence by protesters he claimed were headed in caravans toward Little Rock.
他解释说，他采取这一行动是为了保护公民和财产免受抗议者可能的暴力行为，他声称抗议者正乘坐大篷车前往小石城。
On September 4, the nine Black students attempted to enter Central High.
9 月 4 日，九名黑人学生试图进入中央高中。
The students had planned to meet and enter as a group; though one student, Elizabeth Eckford, did not receive this news and attempted to enter the school by herself, only to be threatened and harassed by an angry mob of segregationists.
学生们原计划以团体形式见面并入场；尽管一名学生伊丽莎白·埃克福德（Elizabeth Eckford）没有收到这个消息，并试图独自进入学校，却遭到一群愤怒的种族隔离主义者的威胁和骚扰。
The students were turned away and denied entry by the Arkansas National Guard.
这些学生被阿肯色州国民警卫队拒之门外并拒绝入境。
That evening, Governor Faubus revealed that he had ordered the National Guard to prevent the Black students from entering.
当天晚上，福布斯州长透露，他已命令国民警卫队阻止黑人学生进入。
President Eisenhower, who was vacationing in Newport, RI, invited Governor Faubus to meet him at the Naval Base at Newport to discuss the tense situation.
正在罗德岛州纽波特度假的艾森豪威尔总统邀请福布斯州长在纽波特海军基地与他会面，讨论紧张局势。
In the meeting, Faubus indicated that he would respect the desegregation order.
在会议上，福布斯表示他将尊重废除种族隔离的命令。
Eisenhower therefore suggested that Faubus not necessarily withdraw the National Guard troops, but instruct them to preserve order and allow the Black students to attend Central High.
艾森豪威尔因此建议福布斯不必撤回国民警卫队，而是指示他们维持秩序并允许黑人学生进入中央高中。
However, once back in Little Rock, Governor Faubus withdrew the National Guard.
然而，回到小石城后，福布斯州长撤回了国民警卫队。
A few days later, when the Black students entered the school, a full-scale riot erupted.
几天后，当黑人学生进入学校时，爆发了全面骚乱。
The situation was quickly out of control, as Governor Faubus failed to stop the violence.
由于福布斯州长未能制止暴力，局势很快失控。
Finally, Congressman Brooks Hays and Little Rock Mayor Woodrow Mann asked the federal government for help, first in the form of U.S. marshals.
最后，国会议员布鲁克斯·海斯和小石城市长伍德罗·曼向联邦政府寻求帮助，首先是美国法警的帮助。
President Dwight D.
总统德怀特·D.
Eisenhower, as the chief law enforcement officer of the United States, was presented with a difficult problem.
艾森豪威尔作为美国首席执法官，面临着一个难题。
He was required to uphold the Constitution and the laws, but he also wanted to avoid a bloody confrontation in Arkansas.
他被要求维护宪法和法律，但他也想避免在阿肯色州发生流血对抗。
With Executive Order 10730, the President placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent 1,000 U.S. Army paratroopers from the 101st Airborne Division to assist them in restoring order in Little Rock.
根据第 10730 号行政命令，总统将阿肯色州国民警卫队置于联邦控制之下，并从第 101 空降师派遣 1,000 名美国陆军伞兵协助他们恢复小石城的秩序。
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该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
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PROVIDING ASSISTANCE FOR THE REMOVAL OF AN OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE WITHIN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS
为消除阿肯色州内的司法障碍提供协助
WHEREAS on September 23, 1957, I issued Proclamation No.3204 reading in part as follows:
鉴于1957年9月23日，我发布了第3204号公告，部分内容如下：
"WHEREAS certain persons in the state of Arkansas, individually and in unlawful assemblages, combinations, and conspiracies, have willfully obstructed the enforcement of orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools, particularly at Central High School, located in Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
“鉴于阿肯色州某些人单独或以非法集会、联合和共谋的方式，故意阻碍美国阿肯色东区地方法院执行有关公立学校（特别是位于阿肯色州小石城小石学区的中央高中）入学和就读事宜的命令；并且
"WHEREAS such willful obstruction of justice hinders the execution of the laws of that State and of the United States, and makes it impracticable to enforce such laws by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings; and
“鉴于这种故意妨碍司法的行为阻碍了该州和美国法律的执行，并且使得通过正常的司法程序来执行这些法律变得不切实际；和
"WHEREAS such obstruction of justice constitutes a denial of the equal protection of the laws secured by the Constitution of the United States and impedes the course of justice under those laws:
“鉴于这种妨碍司法的行为构成了对美国宪法所保障的法律的平等保护的否定，并阻碍了这些法律规定的司法程序：
"NOW, THEREFORE, I, DWIGHT D.
“因此，现在，我，德怀特·D.
EISENHOWER, President of the United States, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, particularly sections 332, 333 and 334 thereof, do command all persons engaged in such obstruction of justice to cease and desist therefrom, and to disperse forthwith;" and
艾森豪威尔，美国总统，根据美国宪法和法规，包括《美国法典》第 10 章第 15 章，特别是其中第 332、333 和 334 节，赋予我的权力，确实命令所有参与此类妨碍司法的人员停止并制止此类行为，并立即解散；”
WHEREAS the command contained in that Proclamation has not been obeyed and willful obstruction of enforcement of said court orders still exists and threatens to continue:
鉴于该公告中包含的命令尚未得到遵守，并且故意阻碍上述法院命令的执行仍然存在，并且有可能继续存在：
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10, particularly sections 332, 333 and 334 thereof, and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, It is hereby ordered as follows:
因此，现在，凭借美国宪法和法规赋予我的权力，包括美国法典第 10 章第 15 章，特别是其中第 332、333 和 334 节，以及美国法典第 3 章第 301 节，特此命令如下：
SECTION 1.
第 1 节。
I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to order into the active military service of the United States as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Order, any or all of the units of the National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States within the State of Arkansas to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders.
我特此授权并指示国防部长，在他认为适当的情况下，命令阿肯色州境内的美国国民警卫队和美国空军国民警卫队的任何或所有部队无限期地在美国现役服役，直到根据适当的命令解除为止。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
2.
2.
The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to enforce any orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas for the removal of obstruction of justice in the State of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools in the Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas.
国防部长被授权并指示采取一切适当措施，执行美国阿肯色州东区地方法院的任何命令，以消除阿肯色州境内有关阿肯色州小石城小石城公立学校入学和就读事宜的妨碍司法行为。
In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units, and members thereof, ordered into the active military service of the United States pursuant to Section 1 of this Order.
在执行本节的规定时，国防部长有权使用根据本命令第 1 节被征召入伍的部队及其成员。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
3.
3.
In furtherance of the enforcement of the aforementioned orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use such of the armed forces of the United States as he may deem necessary.
为了促进执行美国阿肯色州东区地方法院的上述命令，国防部长有权在他认为必要时使用美国武装部队。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
4.
4.
The Secretary of Defense is authorized to delegate to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, any of the authority conferred upon him by this Order.
国防部长有权将本命令授予他的任何权力委托给陆军部长或空军部长或两者兼而有之。
DWIGHT D.
德怀特·D.
EISENHOWER THE WHITE HOUSE, September 24, 1957
艾森豪威尔白宫，1957 年 9 月 24 日