Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Citation: Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863; Presidential Proclamations, 1791-1991; Record Group 11; General Records of the United States Government; National Archives.

引用：《解放奴隶宣言》，1863 年 1 月 1 日；总统公告，1791-1991；记录组11；美国政府总记录；国家档案馆。

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free."

1863 年 1 月 1 日，亚伯拉罕·林肯总统发布《解放奴隶宣言》，宣布叛乱地区“所有被奴役的人”“现在和今后都将获得自由”。

Initially, the Civil War between North and South was fought by the North to prevent the secession of the Southern states and preserve the Union.

最初，南北内战是北方为了防止南方各州分裂并维护联邦而发动的。

Even though sectional conflicts over slavery had been a major cause of the war, ending slavery was not a goal of the war.

尽管围绕奴隶制的局部冲突是战争的主要原因，但结束奴隶制并不是战争的目标。

That changed on September 22, 1862, when President Lincoln issued his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which stated that enslaved people in those states or parts of states still in rebellion as of January 1, 1863, would be declared free.

1862 年 9 月 22 日，情况发生了变化，林肯总统发布了《初步解放奴隶宣言》，其中规定，截至 1863 年 1 月 1 日仍在叛乱的州或州部分地区的被奴役人民将被宣布获得自由。

One hundred days later, with the rebellion unabated, President issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free."

一百天后，随着叛乱有增无减，总统发布了《解放奴隶宣言》，宣布叛乱地区“所有被奴役的人”“现在和今后都将是自由的”。

Lincoln’s bold step to change the goals of the war was a military measure and came just a few days after the Union’s victory in the Battle of Antietam.

林肯改变战争目标的大胆举措是一项军事措施，是在联邦在安提特姆战役中获胜几天后采取的。

With this Proclamation he hoped to inspire all Black people, and enslaved people in the Confederacy in particular, to support the Union cause and to keep England and France from giving political recognition and military aid to the Confederacy.

他希望通过这一公告激励所有黑人，特别是南部邦联的奴隶，支持联邦事业，并阻止英国和法国向南部邦联提供政治承认和军事援助。

Because it was a military measure, however, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways.

然而，由于这是一项军事措施，《解放奴隶宣言》在很多方面都受到限制。

It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states.

它仅适用于脱离联邦的州，而忠诚的边境州的奴隶制则不受影响。

It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Union control.

它还明确豁免了已经受联邦控制的邦联部分地区。

Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory.

最重要的是，它所承诺的自由取决于联邦的军事胜利。

Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the nation, it did fundamentally transform the character of the war.

尽管《解放奴隶宣言》并没有结束该国的奴隶制，但它确实从根本上改变了战争的性质。

After January 1, 1863, every advance of federal troops expanded the domain of freedom.

1863 年 1 月 1 日之后，联邦军队的每一次前进都扩大了自由的疆域。

Moreover, the Proclamation announced the acceptance of Black men into the Union Army and Navy, enabling the liberated to become liberators.

此外，该公告宣布接受黑人加入联邦陆军和海军，使被解放者成为解放者。

By the end of the war, almost 200,000 Black soldiers and sailors had fought for the Union and freedom.

到战争结束时，近 20 万黑人士兵和水手为联邦和自由而战。

From the first days of the Civil War, enslaved people had acted to secure their own liberty.

从内战的第一天起，被奴役的人们就采取行动来确保自己的自由。

The Emancipation Proclamation confirmed their insistence that the war for the Union must become a war for freedom.

《解放奴隶宣言》证实了他们的坚持，即争取联邦的战争必须成为争取自由的战争。

It added moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both militarily and politically.

它为联邦事业增添了道德力量，并在军事和政治上加强了联邦。

As a milestone along the road to slavery's final destruction, the Emancipation Proclamation has assumed a place among the great documents of human freedom.

作为最终摧毁奴隶制道路上的一个里程碑，《解放黑奴宣言》在人类自由的伟大文件中占有一席之地。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

By the President of the United States of America:

美利坚合众国总统致辞：

Whereas, on the twenty-second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:

鉴于，在我们的主一千八六十二年九月二十二日，美国总统发布了一项公告，其中除其他外，包含以下内容：

"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

“在我们的主一千八百六十三年的一月第一天，所有在任何州或州指定部分内被当作奴隶的人，其人民随后将反抗美国，将在那时、从那时起、永远自由；美国行政政府，包括其军事和海军当局，将承认和维护这些人的自由，并且不会采取任何行动或行动来镇压这些人或他们中的任何人。他们可能会争取真正的自由。

"That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States."

“行政部门将在上述一月的第一天，通过公告指定各州和部分州（如果有的话），其中的人民将分别叛乱合众国；任何州或其人民在那一天应真诚地由在该州大多数合格选民参加的选举中选出的议员代表在合众国国会，在没有强有力的反驳证词的情况下，这一事实应被视为该州及其人民当时没有反叛合众国的的确凿证据。”

Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:

因此，现在，我，亚伯拉罕·林肯，美国总统，在发生针对美国权威和政府的实际武装叛乱时，凭借我作为美国陆军和海军总司令的权力，并作为镇压所述叛乱的适当和必要的战争措施，在我们的主一千八百六十三年一月的第一天，按照我的目的，公开宣布在整个时期内这样做。从上述第一天起一百天，命令并指定其人民分别在这一天反抗美国的州和州的部分地区，即：

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans) Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth[)], and which excepted parts, are for the present, left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

阿肯色州、得克萨斯州、路易斯安那州（圣伯纳德教区、普拉克明斯教区、杰斐逊教区、圣约翰教区、圣查尔斯教区、圣詹姆斯阿森松教区、圣母升天教区、特雷博讷教区、拉福什教区、圣玛丽教区、圣马丁教区和奥尔良教区除外，包括新奥尔良市）密西西比州、阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、乔治亚州、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州（指定为西区的 48 个县除外）弗吉尼亚州，以及伯克利县、阿科马克县、北安普顿县、伊丽莎白城县、约克县、安公主县和诺福克县，包括诺福克市和朴茨茅斯市[)]，以及除部分地区之外的其他县，目前都完全就像未发布该公告一样。

And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

凭借这一权力，并为了上述目的，我命令并宣布，在所述指定州和州的部分地区内所有被奴役的人现在和将来都将是自由的；美国行政政府，包括其军事和海军当局，将承认并维护上述人员的自由。

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

我特此责令如此宣布享有自由的人民放弃一切暴力，除非出于必要的自卫；我建议他们，在一切允许的情况下，他们都应该忠实地劳动并获得合理的工资。

And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

我进一步声明并宣布，这些具备适当条件的人将被接收加入美国武装部队，驻守堡垒、阵地、车站和其他地方，并在上述部队中配备各种船只。

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.

基于这一行为，我真诚地相信这是一项正义行为，受到宪法和军事必要性的保障，我援引人类深思熟虑的判断和全能上帝的仁慈恩惠。

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

为了证明这一点，我特此签字并盖上美国的印章。

Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.

于我们的主一千八百六十三年、美利坚合众国独立八十七年一月的第一天，在华盛顿市签订。

By the President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN WILLIAM H.

总统：亚伯拉罕·林肯·威廉·H.

SEWARD, Secretary of State.

苏厄德，国务卿。