Dawes Act (1887)
Citation: An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations (General Allotment Act or Dawes Act), Statutes at Large 24, 388-91, NADP Document A1887.
引文：《一项关于在各种保留地向印第安人分配多块土地的法案》（《一般分配法案》或《道斯法案》），一般法规 24, 388-91，NADP 文件 A1887。
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Approved on February 8, 1887, "An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations," known as the Dawes Act, emphasized severalty – the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as members of tribes.
1887 年 2 月 8 日批准的《在各种保留地向印第安人分配若干土地的法案》（即《道斯法案》）强调了“若干”——将美洲原住民视为个人而不是部落成员。
Federal Indian policy during the period from 1870 to 1900 marked a departure from earlier policies that were dominated by removal, treaties, reservations, and war.
1870 年至 1900 年期间的印第安联邦政策标志着与早期以迁徙、条约、保留和战争为主的政策的背离。
The new policy focused specifically on breaking up reservations and tribal lands by granting land allotments to individual Native Americans and encouraging them to take up agriculture.
新政策特别注重通过向美洲原住民个人分配土地并鼓励他们从事农业来打破保留地和部落土地。
It was reasoned that if a person adopted "White" clothing and ways, and was responsible for their own farm, they would gradually drop their "Indian-ness" and be assimilated into White American culture.
据推测，如果一个人采用“白人”的服装和方式，并负责自己的农场，他们就会逐渐放弃“印第安性”并被美国白人文化同化。
Then it would no longer be necessary for the government to oversee Indian welfare in the paternalistic ways it had previously done, including providing meager annuities, with American Indians treated as dependents.
这样，政府就不再需要像以前那样以家长式的方式监督印第安人的福利，包括提供微薄的年金，并将美洲印第安人视为家属。
On February 8, 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act, named for its author, Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts.
1887 年 2 月 8 日，国会通过了《道斯法案》，该法案以其作者、马萨诸塞州参议员亨利·道斯的名字命名。
Also known as the General Allotment Act, the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.
该法也称为《一般分配法》，授权总统将部落成员共同持有的保留地分成小块分配给个人。
Thus, Native Americans registering on a tribal "roll" were granted allotments of reservation land.
因此，在部落“名册”上登记的美洲原住民获得了保留地的分配。
“To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; and To each other single person under eighteen years now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the President directing an allotment of the lands embraced in any reservation, one-sixteenth of a section.”
“对于每个户主，四分之一的份额；对于每个十八岁以上的单身人士，八分之一的份额；对于每个十八岁以下的孤儿，八分之一的份额；对于每个十八岁以下的现存单身人士，或可能在总统指示分配任何保留地所包含的土地的命令之日之前出生的人，八分之一的份额。”
Section 8 of the act specified groups that were to be exempt from the law.
该法案第 8 条规定了不受该法律约束的群体。
It stated that "the provisions of this act shall not extend to the territory occupied by the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Osage, Miamies and Peorias, and Sacs and Foxes, in the Indian Territory, nor to any of the reservations of the Seneca Nation of New York Indians in the State of New York, nor to that strip of territory in the State of Nebraska adjoining the Sioux Nation on the south."
它指出，“本法的规定不适用于印第安领土内切罗基人、克里克人、乔克托人、奇克索人、塞米诺尔人、奥塞奇人、迈阿密人和皮奥里亚斯人、萨克人和福克斯人所占领的领土，也不适用于纽约州塞内卡印第安人保留地，也不适用于内布拉斯加州与苏族相邻的那条领土。南方。”
Subsequent events, however, extended the act's provisions to these groups as well.
然而，随后发生的事件将该法案的条款也扩展到了这些群体。
In 1893, President Grover Cleveland appointed the Dawes Commission to negotiate with the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles, who were known as the Five Civilized Tribes.
1893年，格罗弗·克利夫兰总统任命道斯委员会与切罗基人、克里克人、乔克托人、契卡索人和塞米诺尔人（被称为文明五部族）进行谈判。
As a result of these negotiations, several acts were passed that allotted a share of common property to members of the Five Civilized Tribes in exchange for abolishing their tribal governments and recognizing state and federal laws.
这些谈判的结果是，通过了几项法案，将共同财产分配给五个文明部落的成员，以换取废除他们的部落政府并承认州和联邦法律。
In order to receive the allotted land, members were to enroll with the Office of Indian Affairs (later renamed the Bureau of Indian Affairs [BIA]).
为了获得分配的土地，成员必须在印第安人事务办公室（后更名为印第安人事务局 [BIA]）注册。
Once enrolled, the individual's name went on the "Dawes Rolls." This process assisted the BIA and the Secretary of the Interior in determining the eligibility of individual members for land distribution.
一旦注册，个人的名字就会出现在“道斯卷”上。这一过程协助 BIA 和内政部长确定个别成员的土地分配资格。
The purpose of the Dawes Act, and the subsequent acts that extended its initial provisions, was purportedly to protect American Indian property rights, particularly during the land rushes of the 1890s.
《道斯法案》以及随后扩展其最初条款的法案的目的据称是为了保护美洲印第安人的财产权，特别是在 1890 年代的土地抢购期间。
But in many instances the results were vastly different.
但在许多情况下，结果却截然不同。
The land allotted to individuals included desert or near-desert lands unsuitable for farming.
分配给个人的土地包括不适合耕种的沙漠或近沙漠土地。
In addition, the techniques of self-sufficient farming were much different from their tribal way of life.
此外，自给自足的农业技术与他们的部落生活方式有很大不同。
Many did not want to take up agriculture, and those who did want to farm could not afford the tools, animals, seed, and other supplies necessary to get started.
许多人不想从事农业，而那些想从事农业的人却买不起开始农业所需的工具、动物、种子和其他用品。
There were also problems with inheritance.
继承方面也存在问题。
Often young children inherited allotments that they could not farm because they had been sent away to boarding schools.
年幼的孩子常常会继承一些他们无法耕种的土地，因为他们被送到了寄宿学校。
Multiple heirs also caused a problem; when several people inherited an allotment, the size of the holdings became too small for effective farming.
多个继承人也造成了一个问题；当几个人继承一块土地时，土地的规模就变得太小，无法进行有效的耕作。
Tribes were also often underpaid for the land allotments, and when individuals did not accept the government requirements, their allotments were sold to non-Native individuals, causing American Indian communities to lose vast acreage of their tribal lands.
部落获得土地分配的报酬也往往偏低，当个人不接受政府要求时，他们的分配土地就会被出售给非土著个人，导致美洲印第安人社区失去大片部落土地。
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Forty-Ninth Congress of the United States of America; At the Second Session,
美利坚合众国第四十九届国会；在第二次会议上，
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the sixth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight-six.
于 1808 年 12 月 6 日星期一在华盛顿市开始并举行。
An Act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes.
该法案规定在各种保留地向印第安人分配多块土地，并将美国和领土的法律保护范围扩大到印第安人，以及用于其他目的。
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , That in all cases where any tribe or band of Indians has been, or shall hereafter be, located upon any reservation created for their use, either by treaty stipulation or by virtue of an act of Congress or executive order setting apart the same for their use, the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof of such Indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause said reservation, or any part thereof, to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary, and to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:
美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中颁布的规定，在所有情况下，任何印第安人部落或部落已经或今后将位于任何供其使用的保留地上，无论是通过条约规定还是通过国会法案或行政命令将其划定供其使用，美国总统都可以并且特此授权，只要他认为这些印第安人的任何保留或其任何部分有利于农业和放牧目的，对所述保留地或其任何部分进行测量，或在必要时进行重新测量，并将所述保留地中的土地分批分配给位于其上的任何印第安人，数量如下：
Provided , That in case there is not sufficient land in any of said reservations to allot lands to each individual of the classes above named in quantities as above provided, the lands embraced in such reservation or reservations shall be allotted to each individual of each of said classes pro rata in accordance with the provisions of this act: And provided further, That where the treaty or act of Congress setting apart such reservation provides the allotment of lands in severalty in quantities in excess of those herein provided, the President, in making allotments upon such reservation, shall allot the lands to each individual Indian belonging thereon in quantity as specified in such treaty or act: And provided further, That when the lands allotted are only valuable for grazing purposes, an additional allotment of such grazing lands, in quantities as above provided, shall be made to each individual.
条件是，如果任何上述保留地没有足够的土地按上述规定的数量将土地分配给上述类别的每个人，则此类保留地所包含的土地应根据本法的规定按比例分配给每个所述类别的每个人：并且进一步规定，如果划分此类保留的条约或国会法案规定分配的土地数量超过本文规定的数量，则总统在进行分配时根据此类保留，应按照该条约或法案中规定的数量将土地分配给属于其上的每个印第安人：并且进一步规定，当分配的土地仅对放牧目的有价值时，应按上述规定的数量向每个人额外分配此类牧场。
Sec.
秒。
2.
2.
That all allotments set apart under the provisions of this act shall be selected by the Indians, heads of families selecting for their minor children, and the agents shall select for each orphan child, and in such manner as to embrace the improvements of the Indians making the selection.
根据本法规定分配的所有分配应由印第安人选择，户主为其未成年子女选择，代理人应为每个孤儿选择，并以接受印第安人做出选择的改进的方式进行选择。
where the improvements of two or more Indians have been made on the same legal subdivision of land, unless they shall otherwise agree, a provisional line may be run dividing said lands between them, and the amount to which each is entitled shall be equalized in the assignment of the remainder of the land to which they are entitled under his act: Provided, That if any one entitled to an allotment shall fail to make a selection within four years after the President shall direct that allotments may be made on a particular reservation, the Secretary of the Interior may direct the agent of such tribe or band, if such there be, and if there be no agent, then a special agent appointed for that purpose, to make a selection for such Indian, which selection shall be allotted as in cases where selections are made by the Indians, and patents shall issue in like manner.
如果两个或两个以上的印第安人在同一块合法土地上进行了改良，除非他们另有协议，可以划一条临时线将这些土地分开，并且每个人有权获得的金额应在分配他们根据其法案有权获得的剩余土地时平均分配：但如果任何有权分配的人在总统指示可以在特定保留地进行分配后四年内未能做出选择，内政部长可以指示该部落或族群的代理人（如果有的话），如果没有代理人，则为此目的指定一名特别代理人，为该印第安人进行选择，该选择的分配应与印第安人进行选择的情况相同，并且专利应以类似方式颁发。
Sec.
秒。
3.
3.
That the allotments provided for in this act shall be made by special agents appointed by the President for such purpose, and the agents in charge of the respective reservations on which the allotments are directed to be made, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may from time to time prescribe, and shall be certified by such agents to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in duplicate, one copy to be retained in the Indian Office and the other to be transmitted to the Secretary of the Interior for his action, and to be deposited in the General Land Office.
本法规定的拨款应由总统为此目的任命的特别代理人以及负责分配的各保留地的代理人根据内政部长不时规定的规则和条例进行，并应由这些代理人向印第安事务专员证明一式两份，一份保留在印第安办公室，另一份转交给内政部长以供其采取行动，并存放在总土地上办公室。
Sec.
秒。
4.
4.
That where any Indian not residing upon a reservation, or for whose tribe no reservation has been provided by treaty, act of Congress, or executive order, shall make settlement upon any surveyed or unsurveyed lands of the United States not otherwise appropriated, he or she shall be entitled, upon application to the local land-office for the district in which the lands arc located, to have the same allotted to him or her, and to his or her children, in quantities and manner as provided in this act for Indians residing upon reservations; and when such settlement is made upon unsurveyed lands, the grant to such Indians shall be adjusted upon the survey of the lands so as to conform thereto; and patents shall be issued to them for such lands in the manner and with the restrictions as herein provided.
如果任何未居住在保留地上的印第安人，或其部落未通过条约、国会法案或行政命令提供保留地，应在美国任何未经勘察或未勘察的土地上定居，则该土地所在地区的当地土地办公室向该土地所在地区的当地土地办公室提出申请后，有权按照本法案中为居住在保留地上的印第安人规定的数量和方式，将同样的土地分配给他或她及其子女。预订；当这种定居是在未测量的土地上进行时，对这些印第安人的补助应根据土地测量进行调整，以使其符合规定；并应按照本文规定的方式和限制向他们颁发这些土地的专利。
And the fees to which the officers of such local land-office would have been entitled had such lands been entered under the general laws for the disposition of the public lands shall be paid to them, from any moneys in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, upon a statement of an account in their behalf for such fees by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and a certification of such account to the Secretary of the Treasury by the Secretary of the Interior.
如果这些土地根据公共土地处置的一般法律进入，这些地方土地办公室的官员有权获得的费用，应从美国财政部中任何未拨款的资金中支付给他们，并由土地总局专员代表他们开具此类费用的账户报表，并由内政部长向财政部长提供此类账户的证明。
Sec.
秒。
5.
5.
That upon the approval of the allotments provided for in this act by the Secretary of the Interior, he shall cause patents to issue therefor in the name of the allottees, which patents shall be of the legal effect, and declare that the United States does and will hold the land thus allotted, for the period of twenty-five years, in trust for the sole use and benefit of the Indian to whom such allotment shall have been made, or, in case of his decease, of his heirs according to the laws of the State or Territory where such land is located, and that at the expiration of said period the United States will convey the same by patent to said Indian, or his heirs as aforesaid, in fee, discharged of said trust and free of all charge or incumbrance whatsoever: Provided, That the President of the United States may in any case in his discretion extend the period.
内政部长批准本法规定的分配后，应以分配者的名义颁发专利，该专利应具有法律效力，并声明美国确实并将保留如此分配的土地，为期二十五年，以信托方式仅供分配给该分配的印第安人或其继承人（根据州法律）的唯一使用和利益或该土地所在的领土，并且在上述期限届满时，美国将通过专利将其转让给上述印第安人或其继承人，并有偿转让，解除上述信托，并且免收任何费用或负担：但美国总统在任何情况下都可以酌情延长该期限。
And if any conveyance shall be made of the lands set apart and allotted as herein provided, or any contract made touching the same, before the expiration of the time above mentioned, such conveyance or contract shall be absolutely null and void: Provided, That the law of descent and partition in force in the State or Territory where such lands are situate shall apply thereto after patents therefor have been executed and delivered, except as herein otherwise provided; and the laws of the State of Kansas regulating the descent and partition of real estate shall, so far as practicable, apply to all lands in the Indian Territory which may be allotted in severalty under the provisions of this act: And provided further, That at any time after lands have been allotted to all the Indians of any tribe as herein provided, or sooner if in the opinion of the President it shall be for the best interests of said tribe, it shall be lawful for the Secretary of the Interior to negotiate with such Indian tribe for the purchase and release by said tribe, in conformity with the treaty or statute under which such reservation is held, of such portions of its reservation not allotted as such tribe shall, from time to time, consent to sell, on such terms and conditions as shall be considered just and equitable between the United States and said tribe of Indians, which purchase shall not be complete until ratified by Congress, and the form and manner of executing such release prescribed by Congress: Provided however, That all lands adapted to agriculture, with or without irrigation so sold or released to the United States by any Indian tribe shall be held by the United States for the sale purpose of securing homes to actual settlers and shall be disposed of by the United States to actual and bona fide settlers only tracts not exceding one hundred and sixty acres to any one person, on such terms as Congress shall prescribe, subject to grants which Congress may make in aid of education: And provided further, That no patents shall issue therefor except to the person so taking the same as and homestead, or his heirs, and after the expiration of five years occupancy thereof as such homestead; and any conveyance of said lands taken as a homestead, or any contract touching the same, or lieu thereon, created prior to the date of such patent, shall be null and void.
如果在上述期限届满之前对按本协议规定划分和分配的土地进行任何转让，或就该土地订立任何合同，则此类转让或合同应绝对无效：但，除非本协议另有规定，此类土地所在州或地区现行的继承法和分割法应在其专利执行和交付后适用；堪萨斯州有关房地产继承和分割的法律应在可行的情况下适用于印第安领土上根据本法规定可分批分配的所有土地：并且进一步规定，在土地按照本法规定分配给任何部落的所有印第安人后的任何时候，或者如果总统认为这符合该部落的最佳利益，内政部长可以合法地进行谈判与该印第安部落签订协议，以便该部落根据保留该保留的条约或法规购买和释放保留中未分配的部分，因为该部落应不时同意按照美国与该印第安部落之间认为公正和公平的条款和条件出售，购买应在国会批准之前完成，并且执行该释放的形式和方式由国会规定：但是，所有适合农业的土地，无论有或没有任何印第安部落向美国出售或释放的灌溉用水应由美国持有，用于为实际定居者提供住房的出售目的，并应由美国按照国会规定的条件，将不超过一百六十英亩的土地处置给任何人的实际和善意定居者，但须遵守国会可能为教育援助提供的拨款：并进一步规定，除如此取得宅基地的人或他的人外，不得为此颁发专利。继承人，以及在该宅基地的五年占用期满后；任何在该专利日期之前订立的作为宅基地的上述土地的转让，或任何涉及宅基地的合同，或替代宅基地的合同，均属无效。
And the sums agreed to be paid by the United States as purchase money for any portion of any such reservation shall be held in the Treasury of the United States for the sole use of the tribe or tribes Indians; to whom such reservations belonged; and the same, with interest thereon at three per cent per annum, shall be at all times subject to appropriation by Congress for the education and civilization of such tribe or tribes of Indians or the members thereof.
美国同意支付的任何此类保留地任何部分的购买资金应存放在美国财政部，仅供印第安人部落使用；此类保留属于谁；并且，每年利息为百分之三的，应始终由国会拨款，用于印第安人部落或其成员的教育和文明。
The patents aforesaid shall be recorded in the General Land Office, and afterward delivered, free of charge, to the allottee entitled thereto.
上述专利应在土地总局备案，然后免费交付给有权获得该专利的受让人。
And if any religious society or other organization is now occupying any of the public lands to which this act is applicable, for religious or educational work among the Indians, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to confirm such occupation to such society or organization, in quantity not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres in any one tract, so long as the same shall be so occupied, on such terms as he shall deem just; but nothing herein contained shall change or alter any claim of such society for religious or educational purposes heretofore granted by law.
如果任何宗教团体或其他组织现在占用本法适用的任何公共土地，用于印第安人的宗教或教育工作，内政部长特此授权确认该团体或组织的占用，任何一块土地的数量不超过一百六十英亩，只要该土地被如此占用，其条款应符合他认为公正的条件；但本协议中的任何内容均不得改变或变更该社团迄今为止法律所授予的出于宗教或教育目的的任何主张。
And hereafter in the employment of Indian police, or any other employees in the public service among any of the Indian tribes or bands affected by this act, and where Indians can perform the duties required, those Indians who have availed themselves of the provisions of this act and become citizens of the United States shall be preferred.
此后，在受本法案影响的任何印第安部落或部落中雇用印第安警察或公共服务部门的任何其他雇员时，如果印第安人能够履行所需的职责，则应优先考虑那些利用本法案的规定并成为美国公民的印第安人。
Sec.
秒。
6.
6.
That upon the completion of said allotments and the patenting of the lands to said allottees, each and every member of the respective bands or tribes of Indians to whom allotments have been made shall have the benefit of and be subject to the laws, both civil and criminal, of the State or Territory in which they may reside; and no Territory shall pass or enforce any law denying any such Indian within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.
在完成上述分配并向上述分配者授予土地专利后，已分配的印第安人各族群或部落的每一位成员均应受益于其所居住的州或领地的民法和刑法，并受其法律的约束；任何领土均不得通过或执行任何法律，拒绝其管辖范围内的任何此类印第安人受到法律的平等保护。
And every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made under the provisions of this act, or under any law or treaty, and every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits, his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted the habits of civilized life, is hereby declared to be a citizen of the United States, and is entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of such citizens, whether said Indian has been or not, by birth or otherwise, a member of any tribe of Indians within the territorial limits of the United States without in any manner affecting the right of any such Indian to tribal or other property.
每一个在美国领土范围内出生的印第安人，如果根据本法案的规定或任何法律或条约应获得分配，以及每一个在美国领土范围内出生的印第安人，在上述范围内自愿居住，与美国任何印第安人部落分开居住，并养成了文明生活的习惯，特此宣布为美国公民，并有权享有所有权利、特权和权利。这些公民的豁免权，无论该印第安人是否因出生或其他原因而成为美国领土范围内任何印第安人部落的成员，而不以任何方式影响任何此类印第安人对部落或其他财产的权利。
Sec.
秒。
7.
7.
That in cases where the use of water for irrigation is necessary to render the lands within any Indian reservation available for agricultural purposes, the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to secure a just and equal distribution thereof among the Indians residing upon any such reservation; and no other appropriation or grant of water by any riparian proprietor shall permitted to the damage of any other riparian proprietor.
如果需要使用灌溉用水来使任何印第安保留地内的土地可用于农业目的，内政部长特此被授权制定他认为必要的规则和条例，以确保在居住在任何此类保留地的印第安人之间公正和平等地分配水；任何沿岸所有人的任何其他拨款或授予水行为均不得造成对任何其他沿岸所有人的损害。
Sec.
秒。
8.
8.
That the provisions of this act shall not extend to the territory occupied by the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Osage, Miamies and Peorias, and Sacs and Foxes, in the Indian Territory, nor to any of the reservations of the Seneca Nation of New York Indians in the State of New York, nor to that strip of territory in the State of Nebraska adjoining the Sioux Nation on the south added by executive order.
本法案的规定不得延伸至印第安领土内切罗基人、克里克人、乔克托人、契卡索人、塞米诺尔人、奥塞奇人、迈阿密人和皮奥里亚斯人、萨克人和福克斯人所占领的领土，也不得延伸至纽约州塞内卡印第安人保留地的任何保留地，也不得延伸至内布拉斯加州南部毗邻苏族的那条领土。通过行政命令。
Sec.
秒。
9.
9.
That for the purpose of making the surveys and resurveys mentioned in section two of this act, there be, and hereby is, appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, to be repaid proportionately out of the proceeds of the sales of such land as may be acquired from the Indians under the provisions of this act.
为了进行本法第二节中提到的调查和重新调查，特此从国库中未拨出的任何资金中拨款十万美元，并从根据本法规定从印第安人处获得的土地的出售收益中按比例偿还。
Sec.
秒。
10.
10.
That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed to affect the right and power of Congress to grant the right of way through any lands granted to an Indian, or a tribe of Indians, for railroads or other highways, or telegraph lines, for the public use, or condemn such lands to public uses, upon making just compensation.
本法案中的任何内容均不得被解释为影响国会授予印第安人或印第安部落任何土地的通行权，用于铁路或其他公路或电报线供公众使用，或在作出公正补偿后将这些土地用于公共用途。
Sec.
秒。
11.
11.
That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent the removal of the Southern Ute Indians from their present reservation in Southwestern Colorado to a new reservation by and with consent of a majority of the adult male members of said tribe.
本法案中的任何内容均不得解释为阻止将南尤特印第安人从科罗拉多州西南部目前的保留地移至新的保留地，并经该部落的大多数成年男性成员同意。