Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Citation: An act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to the Chinese, May 6, 1882; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives
引用：1882 年 5 月 6 日执行某些与中国有关的条约规定的法案；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1996；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆
View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog
查看国家档案目录中的所有页面
The Chinese Exclusion Act was approved on May 6, 1882.
1882年5月6日，《排华法案》获得通过。
It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States.
这是第一部限制移民进入美国的重要法律。
In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A.
1882年春，国会通过了《排华法案》，并由总统切斯特·A·肯尼迪签署。
Arthur.
亚瑟.
This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States.
该法案绝对禁止中国劳工移民美国十年。
For the first time, federal law proscribed entry of an ethnic working group on the premise that it endangered the good order of certain localities.
联邦法律首次禁止少数民族工作团体进入，理由是其危害某些地区的良好秩序。
The Chinese Exclusion Act required the few non-laborers who sought entry to the United States (such as diplomatic officers) to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to immigrate.
《排华法案》要求少数寻求进入美国的非劳工（例如外交官员）必须获得中国政府的证明，证明他们有资格移民。
But this group found it increasingly difficult to prove their status because the 1882 act defined laborers as "skilled and unskilled...and Chinese employed in mining." Thus very few Chinese could enter the country under the 1882 law.
但这个群体发现证明自己的地位越来越困难，因为 1882 年法案将劳工定义为“熟练和非熟练……以及受雇于采矿业的华人”。因此，根据1882年的法律，很少有中国人可以进入该国。
The 1882 exclusion act also placed new requirements on Chinese who had already entered the country.
1882年的排华法案也对已经入境的华人提出了新的要求。
If they left the United States, they had to obtain certifications to re-enter.
如果他们离开美国，他们必须获得重新入境的证明。
Congress, moreover, refused state and federal courts the right to grant citizenship to Chinese resident aliens, although these courts could still deport them.
此外，国会拒绝州和联邦法院授予中国居民外国人公民身份的权利，尽管这些法院仍然可以将他们驱逐出境。
When the exclusion act expired in 1892, Congress extended it for 10 years in the form of the Geary Act.
1892 年排除法案到期后，国会以《吉尔里法案》的形式将其延长了 10 年。
This extension, made permanent in 1902, added restrictions by requiring each Chinese resident to register and obtain a certificate of residence.
这一延期于 1902 年永久化，增加了限制，要求每个中国居民进行登记并获得居住证明。
Without a certificate, they faced deportation.
如果没有证明，他们将面临被驱逐出境的危险。
The Geary Act regulated Chinese immigration into the 20th century.
《吉尔里法案》对二十世纪的华人移民进行了监管。
With increased immigration following World War I, Congress adopted new means for regulation: quotas and requirements pertaining to national origin.
随着第一次世界大战后移民的增加，国会采取了新的监管手段：与国籍有关的配额和要求。
Congress shifted its attention to limiting immigration from a wider variety of countries, including many in Southern and Eastern Europe and all of Asia.
国会将注意力转向限制来自更广泛国家的移民，包括南欧、东欧以及整个亚洲的许多国家。
The Immigration Act of 1924 (also known as the Johnson-Reed Act and the National Origins Act) established the 1890 census as the basis for determining how many immigrants would be admitted — the limit for each nationality was 2 percent of that nationality already living in the United States and recorded by the census takers.
1924 年的《移民法案》（也称为《约翰逊-里德法案》和《民族起源法案》）将 1890 年人口普查确定为确定接纳多少移民的基础——每个国籍的限制是已居住在美国并由人口普查员记录的该国籍人口的 2%。
In 1943, when China was a member of the Allied Nations during World War II, Congress repealed all the exclusion acts.
1943年，当中国在第二次世界大战期间成为同盟国成员时，国会废除了所有排斥法案。
However, quotas remained, leaving a yearly limit of 105 Chinese immigrants.
然而，配额仍然存在，每年的中国移民限额为 105 人。
Foreign-born Chinese also won the right to seek naturalization.
外国出生的华人也获得了寻求入籍的权利。
The so-called national origin system, with various modifications, lasted until Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1965.
所谓的国籍制度经过各种修改，一直持续到国会通过 1965 年《移民法》。
Effective July 1, 1968, a limit of 170,000 immigrants from outside the Western Hemisphere could enter the United States, with a maximum of 20,000 from any one country.
自 1968 年 7 月 1 日起，来自西半球以外的移民进入美国的限额为 170,000 人，其中来自任何一个国家的移民不得超过 20,000 人。
Skill and the need for political asylum determined admission.
技能和政治庇护的需要决定了录取。
The Immigration Act of 1990 provided the most comprehensive change in legal immigration since 1965.
1990 年的《移民法》为合法移民提供了自 1965 年以来最全面的变革。
The act established a "flexible" worldwide cap on family-based, employment-based, and diversity immigrant visas.
该法案对基于家庭、基于就业和多元化的移民签证设定了“灵活的”全球上限。
The act further provides that visas for any single foreign state in these categories may not exceed seven percent of the total available.
该法案进一步规定，这些类别中任何单一外国的签证不得超过可用签证总数的百分之七。
In 2011-2012, Congress condemned the Chinese Exclusion Act and affirmed a commitment to preserve civil rights and constitutional protections for all people: the Senate unanimously passed Senate Resolution 201 in 2011; and the House of Representatives unanimously passed House Resolution 683 in 2012.
2011-2012年，国会谴责排华法案，并申明维护公民权利和宪法保护所有人的承诺：参议院于2011年一致通过参议院第201号决议； 2012年众议院一致通过第683号决议。
This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
An Act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese.
执行与汉语有关的某些条约规定的法案。
Whereas in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof: Therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or having so come after the expiration of said ninety days to remain within the United States.
鉴于美国政府认为中国劳工来到美国会危及其领土内某些地方的良好秩序：因此，由美利坚合众国参众两院在国会组成的会议制定，自本法案通过后九十天届满之日起，直至本法案通过后下一个十年届满为止，暂停中国劳工赴美；在此暂停期间，任何中国劳工来美国或在上述九十天期满后来美国留在美国都是不合法的。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
2.
2.
That the master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring within the United States on such vessel, and land or permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, from any foreign port or place, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars for each and every such Chinese laborer so brought, and maybe also imprisoned for a term not exceeding one year.
任何船只的船长故意将任何中国劳工从任何外国港口或地点带入美国境内并登陆或允许其登陆，应被视为犯有轻罪，一经定罪，应对每名如此带入的此类中国劳工处以不超过五百美元的罚款，并可能判处不超过一年的监禁。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
3.
3.
That the two foregoing sections shall not apply to Chinese laborers who were in the United States on the seventeenth day of November, eighteen hundred and eighty, or who shall have come into the same before the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and who shall produce to such master before going on board such vessel, and shall produce to the collector of the port in the United States at which such vessel shall arrive, the evidence hereinafter in this act required of his being one of the laborers in this section mentioned; nor shall the two foregoing sections apply to the case of any master whose vessel, being bound to a port not within the United States, shall come within the jurisdiction of the United States by reason of being in distress or in stress of weather, or touching at any port of the United States on its voyage to any foreign port or place: Provided, That all Chinese laborers brought on such vessel shall depart with the vessel on leaving port.
上述两条规定不适用于于 1880 年 11 月 17 日在美国的中国劳工，或在本法通过后的下一个九十天期满之前进入美国的中国劳工，他们应在上船之前向船长出示，并向该船将到达的美国港口的税务员出示本法要求的证据，证明他是本节中提到的劳工之一；上述两节也不适用于任何船长，其船舶开往美国以外的港口，因遇险或天气恶劣而进入美国管辖范围，或在前往任何外国港口或地方的航行中途经美国任何港口：但带上该船的所有中国劳工均应在离港时随船离港。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
4.
4.
That for the purpose of properly identifying Chinese laborers who were in the United States on the seventeenth day of November eighteen hundred and eighty, or who shall have come into the same before the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and in order to furnish them with the proper evidence of their right to go from and come to the United States of their free will and accord, as provided by the treaty between the United States and China dated November seventeenth, eighteen hundred and eighty, the collector of customs of the district from which any such Chinese laborer shall depart from the United States shall, in person or by deputy, go on board each vessel having on board any such Chinese laborers and cleared or about to sail from his district for a foreign port, and on such vessel make a list of all such Chinese laborers, which shall be entered in registry-books to be kept for that purpose, in which shall be stated the name, age, occupation, last place of residence, physical marks of peculiarities, and all facts necessary for the identification of each of such Chinese laborers, which books shall be safely kept in the custom-house.; and every such Chinese laborer so departing from the United States shall be entitled to, and shall receive, free of any charge or cost upon application therefor, from the collector or his deputy, at the time such list is taken, a certificate, signed by the collector or his deputy and attested by his seal of office, in such form as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, which certificate shall contain a statement of the name, age, occupation, last place of residence, persona description, and facts of identification of the Chinese laborer to whom the certificate is issued, corresponding with the said list and registry in all particulars.
为了正确识别于 1880 年 11 月 17 日在美国的中国劳工，或在本法案通过后的下一个九十天期限内进入美国的中国劳工，并根据 1880 年 11 月 17 日中美条约的规定，向他们提供适当的证据，证明他们有权自愿和一致地进出美国。任何该等华工应离开美国，应亲自或由代理人登上载有该等华工并已清关或即将从其所在地区驶往外国港口的每艘船只，并在该船上列出所有该等华工的名单，该名单应记入为此目的保存的登记册中，其中应注明姓名、年龄、职业、最后居住地、身体特征特征以及识别每名该等华工所需的所有事实，该登记册应安全地保存在海关。如此离开美国的每一位中国劳工均应有权并应在获取该名单时，在申请时免费从收集员或其代理人处获得一份由收集员或其代理人签署并加盖其印章证明的证书，其格式由财政部长规定，该证书应载有该证书所针对的中国劳工的姓名、年龄、职业、最后居住地、人物描述和身份证明事实已发布，其所有细节均与上述清单和登记表相对应。
In case any Chinese laborer after having received such certificate shall leave such vessel before her departure he shall deliver his certificate to the master of the vessel, and if such Chinese laborer shall fail to return to such vessel before her departure from port the certificate shall be delivered by the master to the collector of customs for cancellation.
华工领取证书后，在离港前离船的，应将证书交船长；离港前未返回船舶的，由船长将证书交海关关员注销。
The certificate herein provided for shall entitle the Chinese laborer to whom the same is issued to return to and re-enter the United States upon producing and delivering the same to the collector of customs of the district at which such Chinese laborer shall seek to re-enter; and upon delivery of such certificate by such Chinese laborer to the collector of customs at the time of re-entry in the United States said collector shall cause the same to be filed in the custom-house anti duly canceled.
本文规定的证书应赋予获得该证书的中国劳工在向该中国劳工寻求重新入境地区的海关税务官出示并交付该证书后返回并重新进入美国；当该中国劳工再次入境美国时，将该证明交给海关署长，海关署署长应将该证明在海关备案，并予以正式取消。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
5.
5.
That any Chinese laborer mentioned in section four of this act being in the United States, and desiring to depart from the United States by land, shall have the right to demand and receive, free of charge or cost, a certificate of identification similar to that provided for in section four of this act to be issued to such Chinese laborers as may desire to leave the United States by water; and it is hereby made the duty of the collector of customs of the district next adjoining the foreign country to which said Chinese laborer desires to go to issue such certificate, free of charge or cost, upon application by such Chinese laborer, and to enter the same upon registry-books to be kept by him for the purpose, as provided for in section four of this act.
本法第四节提到的任何在美国境内并希望通过陆路离开美国的中国劳工，均有权免费或付费地要求并获得与本法第四节规定的向希望通过水路离开美国的中国劳工签发的身份证明类似的身份证明；特此规定，该中国劳工希望前往的外国的邻近地区的海关署长有责任根据该中国劳工的申请，免费或收费地签发该证明，并将该证明记入该中国劳工为此目的而保存的登记册上，按照本法第四节的规定。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
6.
6.
That in order to the faithful execution of articles one and two of the treaty in this act before mentioned, every Chinese person other than a laborer who may be entitled by said treaty and this act to come within the United States, and who shall be about to come to the United States, shall be identified as so entitled by the Chinese Government in each case, such identity to be evidenced by a certificate issued under the authority of said government, which certificate shall be in the English language or (if not in the English language) accompanied by a translation into English, stating such right to come, and which certificate shall state the name, title or official rank, if any, the age, height, and all physical peculiarities, former and present occupation or profession, and place of residence in China of the person to whom the certificate is issued and that such person is entitled, conformably to the treaty in this act mentioned to come within the United States.
为了忠实执行上述条约中的第一条和第二条，除劳工外，除劳工外，根据上述条约和本法可能有权进入美国的以及即将进入美国的中国人，应在每种情况下由中国政府确认其有资格，该身份应由该政府授权签发的证书作为证明，该证书应为英文或（如果不是英文）附有英文译本，说明该权利该证书应载明该证书颁发者的姓名、头衔或官衔（如有）、年龄、身高和所有身体特征、以前和现在的职业或专业、以及在中国的居住地点，并表明该人有权根据本法案中提到的条约进入美国。
Such certificate shall be prima-facie evidence of the fact set forth therein, and shall be produced to the collector of customs, or his deputy, of the port in the district in the United States at which the person named therein shall arrive.
此类证书应是其中所载事实的表面证据，并应向其中指定的人员抵达的美国地区的海关署长或其副手出示。
SEC.7.
SEC.7。
That any person who shall knowingly and falsely alter or substitute any name for the name written in such certificate or forge any such certificate, or knowingly utter any forged or fraudulent certificate, or falsely personate any person named in any such certificate, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisoned in a penitentiary for a term of not more than five years.
任何人故意虚假地更改或替换此类证书中所写姓名的任何姓名，或伪造任何此类证书，或故意说出任何伪造或欺诈性的证书，或冒充任何此类证书中指定的任何人，均应被视为犯有轻罪；一经定罪，应处以不超过一千美元的罚款，并在监狱中监禁不超过五年。
SEC.8.
SEC.8。
That the master of any vessel arriving in the United States from any foreign port or place shall, at the same time he delivers a manifest of the cargo, and if there be no cargo, then at the time of making a report of the entry of the vessel pursuant to law, in addition to the other matter required to be reported, and before landing, or permitting to land, any Chinese passengers, deliver and report to the collector of customs of the district in which such vessels shall have arrived a separate list of all Chinese passengers taken on board his vessel at any foreign port or place, and all such passengers on board the vessel at that time.
从任何外国港口或地点抵达美国的任何船舶的船长应同时提交货物清单，如果没有货物，则在依法报告船舶入境时，除了需要报告的其他事项外，以及在任何中国乘客登陆或允许登陆之前，向该船舶抵达所在地区的海关税务官提交并报告在任何外国港口乘船的所有中国乘客的单独名单，或地点，以及当时船上的所有此类乘客。
Such list shall show the names of such passengers (and if accredited officers of the Chinese Government traveling on the business of that government, or their servants, with a note of such facts), and the names and other particulars, as shown by their respective certificates; and such list shall be sworn to by the master in the manner required by law in relation to the manifest of the cargo.
该名单应载明此类乘客的姓名（如果是因该政府公务旅行的中国政府派驻官员或其仆人，则应注明此类事实）以及其各自证书所示的姓名和其他详细信息；该清单应由船长按照有关货物舱单的法律要求的方式宣誓。
Any willful refusal or neglect of any such master to comply with the provisions of this section shall incur the same penalties and forfeiture as are provided for a refusal or neglect to report and deliver a manifest of the cargo.
任何此类船长故意拒绝或疏忽遵守本节的规定，应受到与拒绝或疏忽报告和交付货物舱单相同的处罚和没收。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
9.
9.
That before any Chinese passengers are landed from any such line vessel, the collector, or his deputy, shall proceed to examine such passenger, comparing the certificate with the list and with the passengers ; and no passenger shall be allowed to land in the United States from such vessel in violation of law.
在任何中国乘客从任何此类航线船只上岸之前，收集员或其副手应对该乘客进行检查，将证书与名单和乘客进行比较；不得允许任何乘客违法从此类船只登陆美国。
SEC.10.
第 10 节。
That every vessel whose master shall knowingly violate any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed forfeited to the United States, and shall be liable to seizure and condemnation in any district of the United States into which such vessel may enter or in which she may be found.
其船长故意违反本法任何规定的每艘船舶均应被视为归美国没收，并应在该船舶可能进入或被发现的美国任何地区被扣押和谴责。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
11.
11.
That any person who shall knowingly bring into or cause to be brought into the United States by land, or who shall knowingly aid or abet the same, or aid or abet the landing in the United States from any vessel of any Chinese person not lawfully entitled to enter the United States, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisoned for a term not exceeding one year.
任何人故意通过陆路带入或导致带入美国，或故意协助或教唆此类行为，或协助或教唆任何无权进入美国的中国人从任何船只登陆美国，均应被视为轻罪，一经定罪，应处以不超过 1000 美元的罚款，并处以不超过一年的监禁。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
12.
12.
That no Chinese person shall be permitted to enter the United States by land without producing to the proper officer of customs the certificate in this act required of Chinese persons seeking to land from a vessel.
任何中国人在未向适当的海关官员出示本法案中要求中国人从船上登陆的证书的情况下，不得被允许通过陆路进入美国。
And any Chinese person found unlawfully within the United States shall be caused to be removed therefrom to the country from whence he came, by direction of the President of the United States, and at the cost of the United States, after being brought before some justice, judge, or commissioner of a court of the United States and found to be one not lawfully entitled to be or remain in the United States.
任何在美国境内非法被发现的中国人，在被带见美国法院的某位法官、法官或专员，并被认定为无合法权利在美国居留或居留的人后，应根据美国总统的指示，将其从其来源国驱逐回原籍国，费用由美国承担。
SEC.13.
第 13 节。
That this act shall not apply to diplomatic and other officers of the Chinese Government traveling upon the business of that government, whose credentials shall be taken as equivalent to the certificate in this act mentioned, and shall exempt them and their body and house- hold servants from the provisions of this act as to other Chinese persons.
本法不适用于因中国政府公务而旅行的中国政府外交官员和其他官员，其证件应视为与本法所述证书同等的，并应免除他们及其机构和家庭佣人对于其他中国人的规定。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
14.
14.
That hereafter no State court or court of the United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship; and all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.
今后任何州法院或美国法院均不得承认中国人为公民；所有与本法相抵触的法律均在此废除。
SEC.15.
第 15 节。
That the words "Chinese laborers", wherever used in this act shall be construed to mean both skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining.
本法中凡使用“中国劳工”一词，均应解释为指熟练工人和非熟练工人以及受雇于采矿业的中国工人。