Bill of Rights (1791)

Citation: Engrossed Bill of Rights, September 25, 1789; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.

引用：《全神贯注的权利法案》，1789 年 9 月 25 日；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。

Although 12 amendments were originally proposed, the 10 that were ratified became the Bill of Rights in 1791.

尽管最初提出了 12 项修正案，但最终批准的 10 项成为 1791 年的《权利法案》。

They defined citizens' rights in relation to the newly established government under the Constitution.

他们根据宪法规定了与新成立的政府有关的公民权利。

During the debates on the adoption of the Constitution, its opponents repeatedly charged that the Constitution as drafted would open the way to tyranny by the central government.

在关于宪法通过的辩论中，反对者多次指责起草的宪法将为中央政府的暴政开辟道路。

Fresh in their minds was the memory of the British violation of civil rights before and during the Revolution.

他们对英国在革命之前和革命期间侵犯公民权利的行为记忆犹新。

They demanded a "bill of rights" that would spell out the immunities of individual citizens.

他们要求制定一项“权利法案”，阐明公民个人的豁免权。

Several state conventions in their formal ratification of the Constitution asked for such amendments; others ratified the Constitution with the understanding that the amendments would be offered.

几个州的大会在正式批准宪法时要求进行此类修改；其他人在批准宪法时表示将提出修正案。

On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States therefore proposed to the state legislatures 12 amendments to the Constitution that met arguments most frequently advanced against it.

因此，1789 年 9 月 25 日，美国第一届国会向各州立法机关提出了 12 项宪法修正案，这些修正案满足了最常提出的反对意见。

Articles 3 to 12, ratified December 15, 1791, by three-fourths of the state legislatures, constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights.

1791 年 12 月 15 日，四分之三的州立法机构批准了第 3 条至第 12 条，构成了宪法的前 10 项修正案，称为《权利法案》。

Article 2 concerning “varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives” was finally ratified on May 7, 1992 as the 27th Amendment to the Constitution.

关于“改变参议员和众议员服务报酬”的第二条最终于1992年5月7日获得批准，成为宪法第27条修正案。

The first amendment, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative, was never ratified.

第一项修正案涉及每位代表的选民人数，但从未获得批准。

Learn what the document says, its meaning, and how it was created on our main Bill of Rights page .

在我们的《权利法案》主页上了解该文件的内容、含义以及其创建方式。

Access an interactive transcription .

访问交互式转录。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Note: The following text is a transcription of the enrolled original of the Joint Resolution of Congress proposing 12 amendments to the Constitution – 10 of which became the Bill of Rights – that is on permanent display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum .

注：以下文本是国会联合决议的原件抄录，该决议提出了 12 项宪法修正案，其中 10 项成为权利法案，该决议在国家档案馆的圆形大厅永久展出。

The spelling and punctuation reflects the original.

拼写和标点符号反映了原文。

Congress of the United States begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine.

美国国会于公元 1789 年 3 月 4 日星期三在纽约市开幕并举行。

THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.

许多州的公约在通过宪法时表示，为了防止误解或滥用其权力，应增加更多的声明性和限制性条款：并且，作为扩大公众对政府信任的基础，将最好地确保其机构的有益目的。

RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz.

美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会召开并经参众两院三分之二同意后决定，向各州立法机关提出以下条款，作为美国宪法的修正案，其中所有或任何条款，经四分之三的上述立法机关批准后，作为上述宪法的一部分，对所有意图和目的均有效；即。

ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.

根据原宪法第五条，由国会提出并经各州立法机关批准的美利坚合众国宪法的补充条款和修正案。

Article the first...

文章第一...

After the first enumeration required by the first article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred; after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.

宪法第一条规定的第一次清点后，每三万人应有一名众议员，直至人数达到一百名，其后比例由国会规定，不得少于一百名众议员，每四万人不得少于一名众议员，直至众议员人数达到两百名；此后，国会应规定比例，不得少于 200 名众议员，每 5 万人不得超过 1 名众议员。

Article the second...

文章第二...

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

在众议院选举进行之前，任何改变参议员和众议员服务报酬的法律均不得生效。

Article the third...

文章第三...

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

国会不得制定任何关于建立宗教或禁止宗教自由的法律；或限制言论或新闻自由；或人民和平集会并向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

Article the fourth...

第四条...

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

一支训练有素的民兵对于自由国家的安全是必要的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不得受到侵犯。

Article the fifth...

第五条...

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

未经房主同意，任何士兵在和平时期不得驻扎在任何房屋内，战时也不得驻扎在任何房屋内，但必须按照法律规定的方式。

Article the sixth...

第六条...

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

人民保护其人身、房屋、文件和财物免受不合理搜查和扣押的权利不得侵犯，除非有合理理由，并有宣誓或誓言支持，并特别描述要搜查的地点以及要扣押的人员或物品，否则不得签发搜查令。

Article the seventh...

第七条...

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

除非有大陪审团的陈述或起诉书，否则任何人不得被追究死刑或其他臭名昭著的罪行的责任，除非发生在陆军或海军部队或民兵中，在战时或公共危险期间实际服役时；任何人也不得因同一罪行而两次陷入生命或肢体危险；未经正当法律程序，不得在任何刑事案件中被迫出庭作证，也不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产；未经公正补偿，也不得将私有财产用于公共用途。

Article the eighth...

第八条...

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

在所有刑事诉讼中，被告应享有由犯罪发生地所在州和地区的公正陪审团进行迅速和公开审判的权利，该地区应事先由法律查明，并被告知指控的性质和原因；与对他不利的证人对峙；采取强制程序获取对他有利的证人，并获得律师协助进行辩护。

Article the ninth...

第九条...

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

在普通法诉讼中，如果争议价值超过二十美元，则应保留陪审团审判的权利，并且除根据普通法规则外，美国任何法院均不得对陪审团审判的任何事实进行重新审查。

Article the tenth...

第十条...

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

不得要求过多的保释，不得处以过高的罚款，也不得施加残酷和非常的处罚。

Article the eleventh...

第十一条...

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

宪法中列举的某些权利不得被解释为否认或贬低人民保留的其他权利。

Article the twelfth...

第十二条...

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

宪法未授予合众国、也未禁止各州行使的权力，分别保留给各州或人民。

Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives John Adams, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate John Beckley, Clerk of the House of Representatives.

弗雷德里克·奥古斯塔斯·米伦伯格，众议院议长，约翰·亚当斯，美国副总统，参议院议长约翰·贝克利，众议院书记员。

Sam.

萨姆.

A Otis Secretary of the Senate

参议院秘书奥蒂斯