Articles of Confederation (1777)

Citation: Articles of Confederation; 3/1/1781; Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774 - 1789; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, Record Group 360; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.

引用：《邦联条例》； 1781 年 3 月 1 日；大陆会议杂项文件，1774 年至 1789 年；大陆会议和邦联会议以及制宪会议的记录，记录组 360；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。

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The Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777.

1777 年 11 月 15 日，大陆会议通过了《邦联条例》。

This document served as the United States' first constitution.

这份文件成为美国第一部宪法。

It was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present-day Constitution went into effect.

该宪法自 1781 年 3 月 1 日起生效，直至 1789 年现行宪法生效。

After the Lee Resolution proposed independence for the American colonies, the Second Continental Congress appointed three committees on June 11, 1776.

李决议提出美洲殖民地独立后，第二届大陆会议于 1776 年 6 月 11 日任命了三个委员会。

One of the committees was tasked with determining what form the confederation of the colonies should take.

其中一个委员会的任务是确定殖民地联盟应采取何种形式。

This committee was composed of one representative from each colony.

该委员会由每个殖民地的一名代表组成。

John Dickinson, a delegate from Delaware, was the principal writer.

来自特拉华州的代表约翰·迪金森 (John Dickinson) 是主要作者。

The Dickinson Draft of the Articles of Confederation named the confederation "the United States of America." After considerable debate and revision, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777.

狄金森邦联条款草案将邦联命名为“美利坚合众国”。经过大量辩论和修改，第二次大陆会议于 1777 年 11 月 15 日通过了《邦联条例》。

The document seen here is the engrossed and corrected version that was adopted on November 15.

这里看到的文件是 11 月 15 日通过的经过全神贯注和更正的版本。

It consists of six sheets of parchment stitched together.

它由六张缝合在一起的羊皮纸组成。

The last sheet bears the signatures of delegates from all 13 states.

最后一张纸上有来自所有 13 个州的代表的签名。

This "first constitution of the United States" established a "league of friendship" for the 13 sovereign and independent states.

这部“美国第一部宪法”为13个主权独立国家建立了“友谊联盟”。

Each state retained "every Power...which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States.

每个州保留“本联邦未明确授予美国的一切权力……”。

The Articles of Confederation also outlined a Congress with representation not based on population – each state would have one vote in Congress.

《邦联条例》还概述了国会的代表权不以人口为基础——每个州在国会中拥有一票。

Ratification by all 13 states was necessary to set the Confederation into motion.

联邦的启动需要所有 13 个州的批准。

Because of disputes over representation, voting, and the western lands claimed by some states, ratification was delayed.

由于代表权、投票权和一些州对西部土地的主张存在争议，批准被推迟。

When Maryland ratified it on March 1, 1781, the Congress of the Confederation came into being.

当马里兰州于 1781 年 3 月 1 日批准该法案时，联邦国会就成立了。

Just a few years after the Revolutionary War, however, James Madison and George Washington were among those who feared their young country was on the brink of collapse.

然而，独立战争结束几年后，詹姆斯·麦迪逊和乔治·华盛顿等人担心他们年轻的国家正处于崩溃的边缘。

With the states retaining considerable power, the central government had insufficient power to regulate commerce.

由于各州保留相当大的权力，中央政府没有足够的权力来监管商业。

It could not tax and was generally impotent in setting commercial policy.

它不能征税，而且在制定商业政策方面通常无能为力。

Nor could it effectively support a war effort.

它也不能有效支持战争努力。

Congress was attempting to function with a depleted treasury; and paper money was flooding the country, creating extraordinary inflation.

国会正试图在国库耗尽的情况下运作。纸币充斥全国，造成了严重的通货膨胀。

The states were on the brink of economic disaster; and the central government had little power to settle quarrels between states.

各州正处于经济灾难的边缘；中央政府无权解决国家之间的争端。

Disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation, and trade threatened to tear the country apart.

领土、战争抚恤金、税收和贸易方面的争端有可能导致国家分裂。

In May of 1787, the Constitutional Convention assembled in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation.

1787 年 5 月，制宪会议在费城召开，修改《邦联条例》。

They shuttered the windows of the State House (Independence Hall) and swore secrecy so they could speak freely.

他们关闭了州议会大厦（独立厅）的窗户并宣誓保密，以便可以自由发言。

By mid-June the delegates had decided to completely redesign the government.

到六月中旬，代表们决定彻底重新设计政府。

After three hot, summer months of highly charged debate, the new Constitution was signed, which remains in effect today.

经过夏季三个月的激烈辩论，新宪法得以签署，至今仍然有效。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

To all to whom these Presents shall come, we, the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting.

我们，签名的各州代表，向所有收到这些礼物的人致以问候。

Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did on the fifteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America agree to certain articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay, Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia in the Words following, viz.

美利坚合众国国会代表于我们的主一千七百七十七年的十一月十五日，在美利坚独立第二年，同意新罕布什尔州、马萨诸塞湾州、罗德岛州和普罗维登斯种植园州、康涅狄格州、纽约州、新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州、特拉华州、马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州和佐治亚州之间的邦联和永久联盟的某些条款。下面的文字，即。

“Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay, Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

“新罕布什尔州、马萨诸塞湾州、罗德岛州和普罗维登斯种植园州、康涅狄格州、纽约州、新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州、特拉华州、马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州和佐治亚州之间的联邦和永久联盟条款。

Article I.

第一条。

The Stile of this confederacy shall be, “The United States of America.”

这个联盟的国徽是“美利坚合众国”。

Article II.

第二条。

Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.

每个州都保留其主权、自由和独立，以及本联邦未在国会中明确委托给美国的所有权力、管辖权和权利。

Article III.

第三条。

The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.

上述国家特此各自相互结成牢固的友谊联盟，为了共同的防御、自由的安全以及共同和普遍的福利，约束自己相互协助，反对出于宗教、主权、贸易或任何其他借口而向它们或其中任何一个国家提供的任何武力或攻击。

Article IV.

第四条。

The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these states, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from Justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states; and the people of each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any state, to any other State of which the Owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of the united states, or either of them.

为了更好地确保和永久保持本联邦各州人民之间的相互友谊和交往，各州的自由居民，除乞丐、流浪汉和司法逃犯外，应享有各州自由公民的一切特权和豁免权；各州人民可自由进出任何其他州，并享有该州的所有贸易和商业特权，但须遵守与其居民相同的义务、强制和限制，但此类限制不得扩大到阻止将财产进口到任何州或所有者为其居民的任何其他州；还规定任何国家不得对美国或其中任何一个国家的财产施加任何征收、关税或限制。

If any Person guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor in any state, shall flee from Justice, and be found in any of the united states, he shall upon demand of the Governor or executive power of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, and removed to the state having jurisdiction of his offence.

如果任何人在任何州犯有叛国罪、重罪或其他严重轻罪，或被指控犯有叛国罪、重罪或其他严重轻罪，逃避司法审判，并在美国任何一个州被发现，则应根据其逃离所在州的州长或行政权力的要求，将其移交并移送至对其罪行有管辖权的州。

Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these states to the records, acts and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other state.

这些州中的每一个州都应对其他州的法院和治安法官的记录、行为和司法程序给予充分的信任和信任。

Article V.

第五条

For the more convenient management of the general interests of the united states, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislature of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each state to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the Year.

为了更方便地管理美国的整体利益，每年应按照各州立法机构指示的方式任命代表，并于每年 11 月的第一个星期一在国会举行会议，各州保留在一年内的任何时间召回其代表或其中任何代表的权力，并在该年剩余时间内派出其他代表代替他们。

No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall be capable of being delegate for more than three years, in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the united states, for which he, or another for his benefit receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.

任何州在国会的代表人数不得少于两名，也不超过七名；任何人的代表任期不得超过三年，任期六年；任何人作为代表也不得在美国担任任何职务，而他或其他人为其利益收取任何工资、费用或报酬。

Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the states, and while they act as members of the committee of the states.

每个州应在州会议中保留自己的代表，并担任州委员会的成员。

In determining questions in the united states, in Congress assembled, each state shall have one vote.

在美国，在国会召开的会议上决定问题时，每个州都拥有一票。

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any Court, or place out of Congress, and the members of congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests and imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.

国会的言论和辩论自由不得在任何法院或国会外受到弹劾或质疑，国会议员在往返和出席国会期间，其人身应受到保护，免遭逮捕和监禁，叛国罪、重罪或破坏和平罪除外。

Article VI.

第六条。

No State, without the Consent of the united States, in congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conferrence, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any King prince or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the united states, in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility.

未经美国国会同意，任何州不得向任何国王或州派出任何使馆，或接受任何使馆，或与任何国王或州签订任何会议、协议、联盟或条约；在美国境内担任任何营利或信托职务的任何人，或其中任何一个人，也不得接受来自任何国王、王子或外国的任何礼物、报酬、职务或任何种类的头衔；美国国会或其中任何一个国家也不得授予任何贵族头衔。

No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the united states, in congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue.

未经合众国同意，任何两个或两个以上的国家不得在其之间缔结任何条约、联盟或联盟，并在国会中准确说明缔结条约、联盟或联盟的目的以及持续时间。

No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the united States in congress assembled, with any king, prince, or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain.

任何州不得向法国和西班牙法院征收任何可能干扰美国在国会中与任何国王、王子或州根据国会已提议的任何条约签订的条约中任何规定的关税或关税。

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace, by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the united states, in congress assembled, for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up, by any state, in time of peace, except such number only as, in the judgment of the united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage.

任何国家在和平时期均不得保留战舰，除非美国在国会中认为有必要为保卫该国或其贸易而保留其数量；任何国家在和平时期也不得保留任何部队，除非根据美国国会的判断，认为有必要驻守保卫该国的堡垒；但每个国家都应始终保持一支管理良好、纪律严明、武装充足、装备齐全的民兵，并应在公共仓库中提供并经常备有可供使用的适当数量的野战用品和帐篷以及适当数量的武器、弹药和营地装备。

No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the united States in congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the united states in congress assembled, can be consulted: nor shall any state grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the united states in congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or State, and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the united states in congress assembled, unless such state be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the united states in congress assembled shall determine otherwise.

未经美国国会同意，任何国家不得参与任何战争，除非该州确实受到敌人的入侵，或者已收到某个印第安民族提出的入侵该州的决议的某些建议，并且危险迫在眉睫，不能允许拖延，直到美国国会召开会议为止，可以进行协商：任何州也不得向任何战舰授予委托书，也不得颁发私掠船或报复证，除非是在美国宣战之后在国会中，只有针对已宣战的王国或州及其臣民，并根据合众国在国会中制定的规定，除非该国家受到海盗的侵扰，在这种情况下，可以为这种情况配备战舰，并在危险持续期间保留，或者直到合众国在国会中另有决定为止。

Article VII.

第七条。

When land forces are raised by any state, for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the state which first made appointment.

当任何州为共同防务而征集陆军时，所有上校或以下军衔的军官均应由征集该部队的各州的立法机关分别任命，或按照该州指示的方式任命，所有空缺应由首先任命的州填补。

Article VIII.

第八条。

All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defence or general welfare, and allowed by the united states in congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several states, in proportion to the value of all land within each state, granted to or surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated, according to such mode as the united states, in congress assembled, shall, from time to time, direct and appoint.

所有战争费用以及为共同防务或公共福利而发生的所有其他费用，并经合众国国会批准的，均应从共同国库中支付，该国库应由各州按照各州内授予或为任何人测量的所有土地的价值比例提供，这些土地及其建筑物和其上的改进应根据合众国国会不时指示和任命的模式进行估算。

The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several states within the time agreed upon by the united states in congress assembled.

缴纳该比例的税款应在美国国会同意的时间内由各州立法机关的权力和指示征收。

Article IX.

第九条。

The united states, in congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article - of sending and receiving ambassadors - entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made, whereby the legislative power of the respective states shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever - of establishing rules for deciding, in all cases, what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the united States, shall be divided or appropriated - of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace - appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas; and establishing courts; for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures; provided that no member of congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts.

美国在国会中拥有决定和平与战争的唯一和排他的权利和权力，但第六条中提到的情况——派遣和接待大使——缔结条约和联盟，但不得缔结商业条约，据此，各州的立法权不得向外国人征收其本国人民所受的关税，或禁止出口或进口任何种类的货物或商品——制定规则在任何情况下，决定在陆地或水上捕获的物品是否合法，以及以何种方式分配或分配为美国服务的陆地或海军部队所获得的战利品 - 颁发私掠许可证和和平时期的报复 - 指定法院审判公海上犯下的海盗和重罪；并设立法院；接收并最终裁决所有捕获案件中的上诉；但国会议员不得被任命为上述法院的法官。

The united states, in congress assembled, shall also be the last resort on appeal, in all disputes and differences now subsisting, or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following.

在国会中，美国也应成为两个或多个州之间目前存在的或今后可能出现的有关边界、管辖权或任何其他原因的所有争端和分歧的最后上诉手段；该权力应始终以下列方式行使。

Whenever the legislative or executive authority, or lawful agent of any state in controversy with another, shall present a petition to congress, stating the matter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given, by order of congress, to the legislative or executive authority of the other state in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint, by joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question: but if they cannot agree, congress shall name three persons out of each of the united states, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine names, as congress shall direct, shall, in the presence of congress, be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the determination: and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons which congress shall judge sufficient, or being present, shall refuse to strike, the congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, and the secretary of congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment and sentence of the court, to be appointed in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive; the judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted to congress, and lodged among the acts of congress, for the security of the parties concerned: provided that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme or superior court of the State where the cause shall be tried, “well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favour, affection, or hope of reward: “provided, also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the united states.

每当与另一州发生争议的任何州的立法或行政当局或合法代理人向国会提出请愿书，陈述所涉事项并请求举行听证会时，应根据国会命令向有争议的另一州的立法或行政机构发出通知，并指定当事方合法代理人出庭的日期，然后经共同同意，指示任命专员或法官组成一个法院来听证并确定所涉事项：但如果他们不能同意，国会应从合众国各提名三人，每一党应从这些人的名单中轮流剔除一名人，从请愿者开始，直到人数减少到十三人；根据国会的指示，应在国会面前通过抽签的方式从该人数中选出不少于七名，但不得超过九名的名字，而被如此抽出的人或其中任何五名应成为委员或法官，以听取并最终裁决争议，因此，应听取案件的法官的主要部分应在裁决中达成一致：如果任何一方未能在指定日期出席，而没有表明国会应裁定充分的理由，或出席者拒绝罢工，国会应从每个州提名三人，国会秘书应代表缺席或拒绝罢工的一方进行罢工；按照规定方式任命的法院的判决和判决应是最终的和决定性的；如果任何一方拒绝服从该法院的权威，或拒绝出庭或为其索赔或诉讼辩护，法院仍应宣布判决或判决，该判决或判决同样应是最终和决定性的；在任何一种情况下，为了有关各方的安全，判决或判决和其他诉讼程序均应提交给国会，并作为国会法案提交：但前提是，每位委员在作出判决之前，应宣誓由审判该案件的州最高法院或高级法院的一名法官执行，“根据其最佳判断，正确、真实地审理和确定有关问题，不带偏袒、感情或希望获得奖励：“前提是，此外，不得为了美国的利益而剥夺任何国家的领土。

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the states which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the petition of either party to the congress of the united states, be finally determined, as near as may be, in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different states.

所有关于根据两个或两个以上州的不同授予而主张的土地私权的争议，其管辖权可能尊重这些土地，并且通过此类授予的州进行了调整，所述授予或其中任何一个同时声称起源于这种管辖权的解决，应根据任何一方向美国国会提出的请求，以与之前为解决有关领土管辖权的争端所规定的相同方式最终确定不同州之间。

The united states, in congress assembled, shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states - fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the united states - regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the states; provided that the legislative right of any state, within its own limits, be not infringed or violated - establishing and regulating post-offices from one state to another, throughout all the united states, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same, as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office - appointing all officers of the land forces in the service of the united States, excepting regimental officers - appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the united states; making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations.

美国在国会中还应拥有唯一和排他的权利和权力来规范自己或各州铸造的硬币的合金和价值 - 确定整个美国的度量衡标准 - 规范与印第安人（而不是任何州成员）的贸易和管理所有事务；条件是任何州在其范围内的立法权不得受到侵犯或侵犯 - 在全美国建立和管理从一个州到另一个州的邮局，并在经过该州的文件上收取邮资，以支付所述邮局的费用 - 任命所有陆军军官为美国服务，团级军官除外 - 任命所有海军军官，并任命所有军官为美国服务州；为上述陆军和海军的政府和监管制定规则，并指导其行动。

The united States, in congress assembled, shall have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of congress, to be denominated, “A Committee of the States,” and to consist of one delegate from each State; and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the united states under their direction - to appoint one of their number to preside; provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the united states, and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses; to borrow money or emit bills on the credit of the united states, transmitting every half year to the respective states an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted, - to build and equip a navy - to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each state for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such state, which requisition shall be binding; and thereupon the legislature of each state shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a soldier-like manner, at the expense of the united states; and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states, in congress assembled; but if the united states, in congress assembled, shall, on consideration of circumstances, judge proper that any state should not raise men, or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other state should raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and equipped in the same manner as the quota of such state, unless the legislature of such state shall judge that such extra number cannot be safely spared out of the same, in which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm, and equip, as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely spared.

美国在国会中有权任命一个委员会，在国会休会期间就座，称为“各州委员会”，由每个州一名代表组成；并任命在其领导下管理美国一般事务所需的其他委员会和文职官员——指定其中一名人主持会议；规定任何人在三年任期内不得在总统职位上任职超过一年；确定为美国服务所需筹集的必要资金，并拨款和用于支付公共开支；以美国信用借款或发放票据，每半年向各州转交如此借入或发放的资金总额的账户， - 建设和装备海军 - 商定陆军数量，并根据各州白人居民人数的比例向各州申请配额，该申请应具有约束力；随后，各州的立法机关应以类似士兵的方式任命军团军官，培养人员，并为他们提供服装、武器和装备，费用由美国承担；如此服装、武装和装备的军官和士兵应在美国同意的时间内前往指定地点，在国会集合；但是，如果合众国在国会中，考虑到具体情况，适当地判断任何州不应征募人员，或应征募少于其配额的人数，而任何其他州应征集比其配额更多的人员，则应以与该州配额相同的方式征集、配备军官、服装、武装和装备，除非该州的立法机构认为无法安全地避免此类额外人数，在这种情况下，他们应征募军官，衣服、手臂和装备，只要他们认为可以安全地幸免，就可以有尽可能多的额外数量。

And the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states in congress assembled.

如此服装、武装和装备的军官和士兵将在美国国会同意的时间内行进到指定的地点。

The united states, in congress assembled, shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defence and welfare of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine states assent to the same, nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the united states in congress assembled.

美国在国会中不得参与战争，不得在和平时期授予私掠许可证和报复，不得缔结任何条约或联盟，不得铸币，不得调节其价值，不得确定合众国国防和福利所需的金额和开支，不得发行票据，不得以合众国的信用借款，不得挪用资金，不得就建造或购买的战舰数量，或陆地或海洋的数量达成一致。除非有九个州同意，否则不得组建军队，也不得任命陆军或海军总司令，除非每日休会，否则不得决定任何其他问题，除非得到国会中美国多数票的支持。

The congress of the united states shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six Months, and shall publish the Journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State, on any question, shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any delegate; and the delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said Journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several states.

美国国会有权在一年内的任何时间和美国境内的任何地点休会，休会时间不得超过六个月，并应每月出版其议事日志，但其认为需要保密的与条约、联盟或军事行动有关的部分除外；如果任何代表需要，各国代表对任何问题的同意和反对均应记录在《日刊》上；各州的代表或其中任何一个州的代表，应其要求，应向各州的立法机关提供上述日刊的抄本，但上述部分除外。

Article X.

第十条

The committee of the states, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of congress, such of the powers of congress as the united states, in congress assembled, by the consent of nine states, shall, from time to time, think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine states, in the congress of the united states assembled, is requisite.

各州委员会或其中任何九个州的委员会应被授权在国会休会期间执行国会的此类权力，如美国，在国会中，经九个州同意，应不时认为适当地授予这些权力；前提是不向上述委员会授予任何权力，根据联邦条款，该委员会的行使必须有九个州在美国国会中的声音。

Article XI.

第十一条。

Canada acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the united states, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this union: but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine states.

加拿大加入该联邦并加入美国的措施，应被接纳并有权享受该联盟的所有利益：但不得允许其他殖民地加入该联盟，除非得到九个州的同意。

Article XII.

第十二条。

All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed, and debts contracted by or under the authority of congress, before the assembling of the united states, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the united States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said united states and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged.

在合众国根据目前的联邦集会之前，由国会或在国会授权下发出的所有信用票据、借入的资金和所签订的债务，均应被视为对合众国的一项指控，以支付和清偿上述合众国和公众信仰在此郑重承诺的费用。

Article XIII.

第十三条。

Every State shall abide by the determinations of the united states, in congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them.

每个州都应遵守合众国在国会中就本联邦向其提出的所有问题作出的决定。

And the Articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every state, and the union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a congress of the united states, and be afterwards con-firmed by the legislatures of every state.

各州均不可侵犯地遵守本联盟的条款，联盟应永久有效；今后任何时候也不得对其中任何一项进行任何修改，除非这种修改得到美国国会的同意，并随后得到各州立法机构的确认。

And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation and perpetual union, Know Ye, that we, the undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do, by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of confederation and perpetual union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained.

鉴于伟大的世界总督已高兴地向我们各自在国会中代表的立法机关倾斜，批准并授权我们批准上述联邦和永久联盟的条款，请知道，我们，以下签署的代表，凭借为此目的赋予我们的权力和权威，通过这些礼物，以我们各自选民的名义并代表我们各自的选民，完全彻底地批准和确认上述的每一项条款。联盟和永久联合，以及其中包含的所有和单一的事项和事物。

And we do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the united states in congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said confederation are submitted to them.

我们进一步郑重地恳求我们各自选民的信念，即他们应遵守美国在国会中就上述联邦向他们提出的所有问题所做出的决定。

And that the articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the states we respectively represent, and that the union shall be perpetual.

我们各自代表的各州应不可侵犯地遵守其中的条款，并且联盟应是永久的。

In Witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, in Congress.

为了证明这一点，我们在此向国会举手。

Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the ninth Day of July, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Seventy eight, and in the third year of the Independence of America.

于我主公元一千七七十八年七月九日，美国独立第三年，于宾夕法尼亚州费城签订。