Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park (1872)

Citation: Act creating Yellowstone National Park, March 1, 1872; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.

引文：创建黄石国家公园的法案，1872 年 3 月 1 日；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1996；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。

Photograph, Cascade Creek, Yellowstone, 1869-1878 by William H.

照片，喀斯喀特溪，黄石公园，1869-1878 年，作者：William H.

Jackson; Records of the U.S. Geological Survey; Record Group 57; National Archives.

杰克逊；美国地质调查局的记录；记录组 57；国家档案馆。

View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog

查看国家档案目录中的所有页面

Yellowstone became the first Federally protected national park by the Act of Congress signed into law on March 1, 1872.

1872 年 3 月 1 日国会法案签署成为法律，黄石公园成为第一个受联邦保护的国家公园。

In the years preceding the Civil War, U.S. government exploration made the nation keenly aware of its western lands.

内战前的几年里，美国政府的勘探让国家敏锐地意识到了自己的西部土地。

Once the war resolved the question of survival of the Union, the national government turned more attention to its western territory and exploitation of the continent’s wealth.

一旦战争解决了联邦的生存问题，国家政府就将更多的注意力转向其西部领土和对非洲大陆财富的开发。

Because the environment of the West differed significantly from that of the East, explorers were charged with identifying natural resources and assessing the utility of the land for settlement.

由于西方的环境与东方存在显着差异，探险家们肩负着识别自然资源和评估定居土地效用的责任。

The U.S. Army was the first in the field.

美国陆军是第一个进入该领域的军队。

Zebulon Pike, Stephen Long, John C.

泽布伦·派克、斯蒂芬·朗、约翰·C.

Fremont and others gave the Corps of Engineers the basis of experience that continued most notably with George M.

弗里蒙特和其他人为工程兵团提供了经验的基础，其中最著名的是乔治·M·布什。

Wheeler.

惠勒。

Even as the Smithsonian Institution and the Department of the Interior expanded their efforts, the Army continued mounting its own surveys until 1879, when all surveys, civilian and military, were consolidated under the U.S. Geological Survey.

尽管史密森学会和内政部加大了力度，陆军仍继续开展自己的调查，直到 1879 年，所有民用和军事调查都归入美国地质调查局。

Civilian explorers eventually replaced military engineers.

民用探险家最终取代了军事工程师。

On the federal level, Clarence King, John Wesley Powell and Ferdinand Hayden proceeded with the collection of information from the field followed by classification, organization of information, and publications of the findings of their surveys.

在联邦层面，克拉伦斯·金、约翰·韦斯利·鲍威尔和费迪南德·海登着手从实地收集信息，然后对信息进行分类、组织并公布调查结果。

In addition to the annual reports of the surveys, government explorers disseminated information to the east coast about western environment and geology by lecturing, publishing in scientific and popular journals, giving interviews to newspapers, and providing entrepreneurs with images for duplication on stenographic cards and chromolithographic print sets.

除了年度调查报告外，政府探险家还通过演讲、在科学和流行期刊上发表文章、接受报纸采访以及为企业家提供用于速记卡和彩色平版印刷品复制的图像，向东海岸传播有关西部环境和地质的信息。

The wide public interest reflected the transformation of American attitude toward the West.

公众的广泛兴趣反映了美国对西方态度的转变。

Hitherto, for the majority of Americans in the East, the West had been a place to cross over on the way to the Pacific coast or a place of mystery, fearsome in either case.

迄今为止，对于东部的大多数美国人来说，西部一直是通往太平洋海岸的必经之地，或者是一个神秘的地方，无论哪种情况都是令人恐惧的。

Now it became America’s wonderland.

现在它成为美国的仙境。

Photographs and canvasses conveyed the monumental size and geological complexity of the region and enticed viewers to experience its scenic splendors themselves.

照片和画布传达了该地区的巨大规模和地质复杂性，并吸引观众亲自体验其壮丽的风景。

What historian William Goetzmann calls “the cult of Naturalism” was an extension of the Romantic worldview, where the individual sought out unspoiled wilderness to experience nature’s power first hand.

历史学家威廉·戈茨曼（William Goetzmann）所说的“自然主义崇拜”是浪漫主义世界观的延伸，个人寻找未受破坏的荒野来亲身体验自然的力量。

As once tourists had flocked to Niagara Falls to revere the sublime, virtually sacred vista and to revel in the patriotic pride at America’s natural blessing, western sites such as Yosemite and Yellowstone now became popular vacation destinations.

曾经，游客纷纷涌向尼亚加拉大瀑布，欣赏那崇高、近乎神圣的景色，陶醉于美国自然恩赐的爱国自豪感，优胜美地和黄石公园等西部景点现在成为受欢迎的度假胜地。

Public knowledge and the popularity of the wilderness paradoxically posed a threat to its survival.

矛盾的是，公众知识和荒野的流行对其生存构成了威胁。

The settlement and commercialization of western lands inevitably followed their opening.

西方土地的定居和商业化不可避免地伴随着它们的开放。

Leaders of the four major government surveys, while promoting settlement actively, were nonetheless alarmed by the abuses of settlement: monopoly of water rights, speculation by land rings, and mistreatment of Americans Indians on reserved lands.

政府四项主要调查的领导人在积极推动定居的同时，也对定居的滥用行为感到震惊：垄断水权、土地圈投机以及在保留土地上虐待美国印第安人。

Years before Theodore Roosevelt and the era of Progressives, these public servants formulated guidelines for prevention or reformation of abuse, fought for and erected the structures of bureaus and commissions to advance their agenda, and trained experts in the science and social sciences who would be agents of reform.

在西奥多·罗斯福和进步派时代之前的几年，这些公务员制定了预防或改革虐待的指导方针，争取并建立了局和委员会的结构以推进他们的议程，并培训了将成为改革推动者的科学和社会科学专家。

One of the most imaginative and uniquely American responses to the endangered wilderness was the invention of the national park system.

美国对濒临灭绝的荒野最富有想象力和独特的反应之一是国家公园制度的发明。

In 1864, the State of California reserved Yosemite as a parkland.

1864 年，加利福尼亚州保留优胜美地作为公园用地。

The federal government followed shortly afterward.

不久之后，联邦政府也跟进了。

Early trappers and army explorers had been profoundly impressed by the upper reaches of the Yellowstone River, a region called Colter’s Hell.

早期的捕猎者和军队探险家对黄石河上游地区印象深刻，这个地区被称为科尔特地狱。

Ferdinand Hayden surveyed the area in 1871.

费迪南德·海登 (Ferdinand Hayden) 于 1871 年勘测了该地区。

Upon his return to the East, he mounted a campaign to promote, but also to protect, the natural wonders he had seen.

返回东方后，他发起了一场宣传活动，同时也保护他所看到的自然奇观。

He quickly wrote a well-received article for Scribner’s Monthly that included fellow expedition member Thomas Moran’s illustrations.

他很快为《斯克里布纳月刊》写了一篇广受欢迎的文章，其中包括探险队成员托马斯·莫兰的插图。

He provided Charles Bierstadt, brother to the artist and a leading manufacturer of stereographic cards, with copies of William Jackson’s expedition photographs.

他向艺术家的兄弟、立体卡片领先制造商查尔斯·比尔施塔特（Charles Bierstadt）提供了威廉·杰克逊探险照片的副本。

He lobbied members of Congress by presenting them with an album of Jackson’s Yellowstone photographs.

他向国会议员赠送杰克逊在黄石公园拍摄的照片集来游说他们。

He was supported in his effort by Jay Cooke, the railroad magnate who anticipated increased tourist ridership on his lines serving the Yellowstone area.

他的努力得到了铁路巨头杰伊·库克（Jay Cooke）的支持，他预计黄石地区的铁路线的游客人数将会增加。

On March 1, 1872, Congress passed into law the act creating Yellowstone “a public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people.”

1872 年 3 月 1 日，国会通过了一项法案，将黄石公园创建为“一个为人民谋福利和享受的公共公园或游乐园”。

This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity.

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Forty-Second Congress of the United States of America;

美利坚合众国第四十二届国会；

At the Second Session, Begun and held at the City of Washington, on Monday, the Fourth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.

第二次会议于 12 月 4 日星期一于 1871 年在华盛顿市开始并举行。

AN ACT to set apart a certain tract of land lying near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River as a public park.

将黄石河源头附近的一块土地划出作为公园的法案。

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tract of land in the Territories of Montana and Wyoming, lying near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River, and described as follows, to wit, commencing at the junction of Gardiner's river with the Yellowstone river, and running east to the meridian passing ten miles to the eastward of the most eastern point of Yellowstone lake; thence south along said meridian to the parallel of latitude passing ten miles south of the most southern point of Yellowstone lake; thence west along said parallel to the meridian passing fifteen miles west of the most western point of Madison lake; thence north along said meridian to the latitude of the junction of Yellowstone and Gardiner's rivers; thence east to the place of beginning, is hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people; and all persons who shall locate or settle upon or occupy the same, or any part thereof, except as hereinafter provided, shall be considered trespassers and removed therefrom.

美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会制定的法案，蒙大拿州和怀俄明州境内靠近黄石河源头的一块土地，描述如下，即从加德纳河与黄石河的交汇处开始，向东延伸到黄石湖最东点以东十英里处的子午线；从那里沿着所述子午线向南到经过黄石湖最南点以南十英里的纬线；从那里沿着与子午线平行的方向向西经过麦迪逊湖最西端十五英里；从那里沿着所述子午线向北到达黄石河和加德纳河交汇处的纬度；从起始地点以东，特此保留并根据美国法律从定居、占用或出售中撤出，并专门划定为公园或游乐园，以造福和享受人民；除下文规定的情况外，所有位于或定居或占据该场所或其任何部分的人均应被视为侵入者并被驱逐出该场所。

SEC 2.

SEC 2。

That said public park shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same.

该公园应由内政部长独家控制，内政部长的职责是在可行的情况下尽快制定和公布他认为有必要或适当的规则和条例，以维护和管理该公园。

Such regulations shall provide for the preservation, from injury or spoliation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition.

此类法规应规定保护所述公园内的所有木材、矿藏、自然奇观或奇观，使其免受伤害或破坏，并保持其自然状态。

The Secretary may in his discretion, grant leases for building purposes for terms not exceeding ten years, of small parcels of ground, at such places in said park as shall require the erection of buildings for the accommodation of visitors; all of the proceeds of said leases, and all other revenues that may be derived from any source connected with said park, to be expended under his direction in the management of the same, and the construction of roads and bridle-paths therein.

部长可酌情在上述公园内需要建造建筑物供游客住宿的地方，授予小块土地的租约，用于建筑目的，租期不超过十年；上述租赁的所有收益，以及可能从与上述公园有关的任何来源获得的所有其他收入，将在他的指导下用于该公园的管理以及其中的道路和马道的建设。

He shall provide against the wanton destruction of the fish and game found within said park, and against their capture or destruction for the purposes of merchandise or profit.

他应防止肆意破坏在所述公园内发现的鱼类和猎物，并防止出于商品或利润的目的捕获或破坏它们。

He shall also cause all persons trespassing upon the same after the passage of this act to be removed therefrom, and generally shall be authorized to take all such measures as shall be necessary or proper to fully carry out the objects and purposes of this act.

他还应在本法案通过后将所有侵入该场所的人驱逐出该场所，并且一般应授权采取一切必要或适当的措施，以充分实现本法案的目标和目的。