15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Voting Rights (1870)

Citation: The House Joint Resolution Proposing the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, December 7, 1868; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives

引用：众议院联合决议提出宪法第 15 条修正案，1868 年 12 月 7 日；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1999；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆

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Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote.

国会于 1869 年 2 月 26 日通过并于 1870 年 2 月 3 日批准的第 15 条修正案赋予非洲裔美国男性投票权。

To former abolitionists and to the Radical Republicans in Congress who fashioned Reconstruction after the Civil War, the 15th Amendment, enacted in 1870, appeared to signify the fulfillment of all promises to African Americans.

对于前废奴主义者和内战后发起重建的国会激进共和党人来说，1870 年颁布的第 15 条修正案似乎意味着兑现对非裔美国人的所有承诺。

Set free by the 13th amendment , with citizenship guaranteed by the 14th Amendment , Black males were given the right to vote by the 15th Amendment.

第十三修正案赋予黑人自由，第十四修正案保障公民身份，第十五修正案赋予黑人男性投票权。

In retrospect, it can be seen that the 15th Amendment was in reality only another step in the struggle for equality that would continue for more than a century before African Americans could begin to participate fully in American public and civic life.

回顾过去，我们可以看到，第十五条修正案实际上只是非洲裔美国人在长达一个多世纪的平等斗争中迈出的又一步，才得以开始充分参与美国的公共和公民生活。

African Americans exercised the right to vote and held office in many Southern states through the 1880s, but in the early 1890s, steps were taken to ensure subsequent “white supremacy.” Literacy tests for the vote, “grandfather clauses” excluding from the franchise all whose ancestors had not voted in the 1860s, and other devices to disenfranchise African Americans were written into the laws of former Confederate states.

整个 1880 年代，非洲裔美国人在许多南方州行使了投票权并担任公职，但在 1890 年代初，采取了措施以确保随后的“白人至上”。投票的识字测试、将所有祖先在 1860 年代没有投票过的人排除在选举权之外的“祖父条款”以及其他剥夺非裔美国人选举权的手段都被写入了前南部邦联各州的法律中。

Social and economic segregation were added to Black America’s loss of political power.

社会和经济隔离加剧了美国黑人政治权力的丧失。

In 1896, the Supreme Court decision Plessy v.

1896年，最高法院判决普莱西诉。

Ferguson legalized “separate but equal” facilities for the races.

弗格森将“独立但平等”的比赛设施合法化。

For more than 50 years, the overwhelming majority of African American citizens were reduced to second-class citizenship under the “Jim Crow” segregation system.

50多年来，绝大多数非裔美国公民在“吉姆·克劳”隔离制度下沦为二等公民。

During that time, African Americans sought to secure their rights and improve their position through organizations such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Urban League and through the individual efforts of reformers like Booker T.

在那段时间里，非裔美国人通过全国有色人种协进会和全国城市联盟等组织以及布克·T·肯尼迪等改革者的个人努力寻求确保自己的权利并提高自己的地位。

Washington, W.E.B.

华盛顿，W.E.B.

DuBois, and A.

杜波依斯，A.

Philip Randolph.

菲利普·伦道夫.

The most direct attack on the problem of African American disenfranchisement came in 1965.

对非裔美国人被剥夺公民权问题最直接的攻击发生在 1965 年。

Prompted by reports of continuing discriminatory voting practices in many Southern states, President Lyndon B.

受有关南方许多州持续存在歧视性投票行为的报道的推动，总统林登·B·肯尼迪 (Lyndon B.

Johnson, himself a southerner, urged Congress on March 15, 1965, to pass legislation “which will make it impossible to thwart the 15th Amendment.” He reminded Congress that “we cannot have government for all the people until we first make certain it is government of and by all the people.”

约翰逊本人是南方人，他于 1965 年 3 月 15 日敦促国会通过立法，“这将使阻碍第十五修正案变得不可能”。他提醒国会，“除非我们首先确定这是全民所有的政府，否则我们不可能拥有全民的政府。”

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 , extended in 1970, 1975, and 1982, abolished all remaining deterrents to exercising the right to vote and authorized federal supervision of voter registration where necessary.

1965 年的投票权法案于 1970 年、1975 年和 1982 年得到延长，废除了行使投票权的所有剩余威慑因素，并授权联邦政府在必要时对选民登记进行监督。

In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down a key provision of the act involving federal oversight of voting rules in nine states.

2013年，最高法院否决了该法案中涉及联邦监督九个州投票规则的一项关键条款。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Fortieth Congress of the United States of America;

美利坚合众国第四十届国会；

At the third Session, Begun and held at the city of Washington, on Monday, the seventh day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.

第三次会议于 12 月 7 日星期一，一千八百六十八日在华盛顿市开始并举行。

A Resolution Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

提议修正美国宪法的决议。

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring) that the following article be proposed to the legislature of the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely:

美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中通过决议（参众两院三分之二同意），向几个州的立法机构提出以下条款，作为美国宪法的修正案，该修正案经四分之三的立法机构批准后，将作为宪法的一部分有效，即：

Section 1.

第 1 节。

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude—

美国或任何州不得因种族、肤色或先前的奴役状况而拒绝或剥夺美国公民的投票权——

Section 2.

第 2 节。

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

国会有权通过适当的立法强制执行本条。