Less butter, more plant oils, longer life?
Not such good news for butter lovers like myself: seesawing research on how healthy or unhealthy butter might be received a firm push from a recent Harvard study published in JAMA Internal Medicine .
对于像我这样的黄油爱好者来说，这并不是什么好消息：哈佛最近发表在《美国医学会杂志内科学》上的一项研究有力地推动了关于如何使用健康或不健康黄油的拉锯式研究。
Drawing on decades of data gathered through long-term observational studies, the researchers investigated whether butter and plant oils affect mortality.
研究人员利用数十年的长期观察研究收集的数据，调查了黄油和植物油是否会影响死亡率。
One basic takeaway?
一个基本要点？
"A higher intake of butter increases mortality risk, while a higher intake of plant-based oil will lower it," says Yu Zhang, lead author of the study.
该研究的主要作者张宇说：“较高的黄油摄入量会增加死亡风险，而较高的植物油摄入量则会降低死亡率。”
And importantly, choosing to substitute certain plant oils for butter might help people live longer.
重要的是，选择用某些植物油代替黄油可能会帮助人们延长寿命。
The researchers divided participants into four groups based on how much butter and plant oils they reported using on dietary questionnaires.
研究人员根据饮食问卷中报告的黄油和植物油使用量将参与者分为四组。
They compared deaths among those consuming the highest amounts of butter or plant oils with those consuming the least, over a period of up to 33 years.
他们比较了在长达 33 年的时间里，黄油或植物油摄入量最多的人和最少的人的死亡情况。
Plant oils won out handily.
植物油轻松获胜。
A 15% higher risk of death was seen among those who ate the most butter compared with those who ate the least.
与吃最少黄油的人相比，吃黄油最多的人死亡风险高出 15%。
A 16% lower risk of death was seen among those who consumed the highest amount of plant oils compared with those who consumed the least.
与消耗最少植物油的人相比，消耗最多植物油的人的死亡风险降低 16%。
Higher butter intake also raised risk for cancer deaths.
较高的黄油摄入量也增加了癌症死亡的风险。
And higher plant oil intake cut the risk for dying from cancer or cardiovascular disease like stroke or heart attack.
较高的植物油摄入量可以降低死于癌症或心血管疾病（如中风或心脏病）的风险。
While the study looked at five plant oils, only soybean, canola, and olive oil were linked with survival benefits.
虽然该研究考察了五种植物油，但只有大豆油、菜籽油和橄榄油与生存效益相关。
Swapping out a small amount of butter in the daily diet - about 10 grams, which is slightly less than a tablespoon - for an equivalent amount of those plant-based oils was linked with fewer total deaths and fewer cancer deaths, according to a modeling analysis.
根据一项模型分析，将日常饮食中的少量黄油（约 10 克，略小于一汤匙）换成等量的植物油，可以减少总死亡人数和癌症死亡人数。
"Butter has almost no essential fatty acids and a modest amount of trans fat - the worst type of fat for cardiovascular disease," Dr. Walter C.
Walter C.
Willett, professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T.H.
威利特，哈佛大学公共卫生学院流行病学和营养学教授
Chan School of Public Health and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, noted by email.
陈公共卫生学院和哈佛医学院医学教授，通过电子邮件指出。
By contrast, the plant oils highlighted in this study are rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and unsaturated fats, which research has linked to healthier levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and lower insulin resistance.
相比之下，本研究中强调的植物油富含抗氧化剂、必需脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪，研究表明这些植物油与更健康的胆固醇和甘油三酯水平以及较低的胰岛素抵抗有关。
Especially when substituted for a saturated fat like butter, plant oils also may help lower chronic inflammation within the body.
特别是当植物油替代黄油等饱和脂肪时，也可能有助于降低体内的慢性炎症。
Making such substitutions aligns with American Heart Association recommendations and current Dietary Guidelines for Americans for healthful eating that lower risk for chronic disease.
进行此类替代品符合美国心脏协会的建议和现行的美国人健康饮食膳食指南，以降低慢性病的风险。
And for the butter lovers?
对于黄油爱好者来说呢？
"A little butter occasionally for its flavor would not be a problem," says Dr. Willett.
威利特博士说：“偶尔加点黄油以增加风味不会有问题。”
"But for better health, use liquid plant oils whenever possible instead of butter for cooking and at the table." Try sampling a variety of plant oils, like different olive oils, mustard oil, and sesame oil, to learn which ones you enjoy for different purposes, he suggests.
“但为了更好的健康，在烹饪和餐桌上尽可能使用液体植物油代替黄油。”他建议，尝试品尝各种植物油，例如不同的橄榄油、芥末油和芝麻油，以了解您喜欢哪种植物油用于不同用途。
Additionally, a blend or mix of butter with oils - or sometimes a bit of butter on its own - can satisfy taste buds.
此外，黄油与油的混合物或混合物 - 或者有时单独一点黄油 - 可以满足味蕾。
The study crunched data collected through a questionnaire answered every four years by more than 221,000 adults participating in the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II , and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study .
该研究对参与护士健康研究、护士健康研究 II 和健康专业人员跟踪研究的 221,000 多名成年人每四年回答一次问卷调查收集的数据进行了处理。
As is true of all observational studies, this type of research can't prove cause and effect, although it adds to the body of evidence.
与所有观察性研究一样，此类研究虽然增加了证据，但无法证明因果关系。
Because most participants were white health care professionals, the findings may not apply to a wider population.
由于大多数参与者是白人医疗保健专业人员，因此研究结果可能不适用于更广泛的人群。
The researchers adjusted for many variables that can affect health, including age, physical activity, smoking status, and family history of illnesses like cancer and diabetes.
研究人员调整了许多可能影响健康的变量，包括年龄、体力活动、吸烟状况以及癌症和糖尿病等疾病的家族史。
The size of the study, the length of follow-up, and multiple adjustments like these are all strengths.
研究规模、随访时间长短以及诸如此类的多次调整都是优势。
Francesca Coltrera , Editor, Harvard Health Blog
Francesca Coltrera，哈佛健康博客编辑
Howard E.
霍华德·E。
LeWine, MD , Chief Medical Editor, Harvard Health Publishing; Editorial Advisory Board Member, Harvard Health Publishing
LeWine，医学博士，哈佛健康出版社首席医学编辑；哈佛健康出版社编辑顾问委员会成员
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作为为读者提供的一项服务，哈佛健康出版社提供对我们存档内容库的访问。
Please note the date of last review or update on all articles.
请注意所有文章的最后审查或更新日期。
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
本网站上的任何内容，无论日期如何，都不应替代您的医生或其他合格临床医生的直接医疗建议。
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将最新的健康新闻发送到您的收件箱！