Extreme heat endangers older adults: What to know and do
The global rise in temperatures spawns more frequent and intense heat waves.
全球气温上升引发更频繁、更强烈的热浪。
Prolonged or extreme heat poses serious health risks for everyone but is a particular worry for older adults.
长时间或极端高温会给每个人带来严重的健康风险，但对老年人来说尤其令人担忧。
What steps can you take to manage heat-related risks, especially if you have existing health conditions or take certain medications?
您可以采取哪些措施来管理与高温相关的风险，特别是如果您有现有的健康状况或正在服用某些药物？
"Understanding risks and recognizing signs and symptoms of heat illness are especially important for older adults," says Dr. Wynne Armand, a primary care physician at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital, and associate director of the Mass General Center for the Environment and Health .
“了解风险并识别中暑的体征和症状对于老年人来说尤其重要，”哈佛大学附属马萨诸塞州总医院的初级保健医生兼麻省环境与健康中心副主任 Wynne Armand 博士说。
As we age, our bodies undergo changes that can make it harder to deal with sudden temperature shifts, high temperatures, and heat waves.
随着年龄的增长，我们的身体会发生变化，使我们更难应对突然的温度变化、高温和热浪。
Several factors contribute to increased vulnerability:
有几个因素导致脆弱性增加：
During periods of extreme heat or prolonged heat waves, these changes can put you in greater danger of developing heat-related illnesses.
在极端炎热或长时间热浪时期，这些变化可能会使您面临患与热相关疾病的更大风险。
And in fact, Dr. Armand warns, older adults may run into trouble at lower temperatures than when heat alerts are broadcast.
事实上，阿曼德博士警告说，老年人可能会在比高温警报广播时更低的温度下遇到麻烦。
Heat-related illnesses occur when your body can no longer cool itself down effectively.
当您的身体无法再有效地自我冷却时，就会出现与热有关的疾病。
Exposure to excessive heat puts more strain on the body, leading to a spectrum of conditions from moderate discomfort to increasingly severe and even life-threatening emergencies.
暴露在过热的环境中会给身体带来更大的压力，导致一系列的症状，从中度不适到日益严重甚至危及生命的紧急情况。
Four well-recognized heat-related illnesses are:
四种公认的与热有关的疾病是：
"The broader impact of heat exposure is not always easy to recognize," says Dr. Armand.
“热暴露的更广泛影响并不总是容易识别，”阿曼德博士说。
"For example, extreme heat can lead to heart attacks or kidney injury."
“例如，极端高温可能导致心脏病发作或肾损伤。”
Recognizing the signs of heat-related illness in yourself and others is crucial so you can take prompt action.
认识到自己和他人患有与高温相关的疾病的迹象至关重要，这样您才能立即采取行动。
The CDC and other experts recommend taking the following steps for
疾病预防控制中心和其他专家建议采取以下步骤
Ask your health care team to help you develop a personal hot weather plan , especially if you have chronic health conditions or regularly take medications for your health.
请您的医疗保健团队帮助您制定个人炎热天气计划，特别是如果您患有慢性健康问题或定期服用药物以保持健康。
For more cooling tips, try these 14 ideas .
如需更多散热技巧，请尝试这 14 个想法。
Many common medications can affect how your body reacts to heat.
许多常见药物会影响您的身体对热的反应。
Some drugs can reduce sweating, alter awareness of thirst, or increase urination, leading to dehydration.
有些药物可以减少出汗、改变口渴意识或增加排尿，从而导致脱水。
Examples are:
例子有：
If you take medication regularly, discuss heat safety with your doctor or pharmacist.
如果您定期服药，请与您的医生或药剂师讨论热安全性。
They can advise if your medications increase your risk and suggest specific precautions.
他们可以建议您的药物是否会增加您的风险，并建议具体的预防措施。
Do not stop or change prescribed medications without consulting your health care provider.
在未咨询您的医疗保健提供者之前，请勿停止或更改处方药物。
If you have cardiovascular conditions such as heart disease or high blood pressure, be especially cautious during hot weather.
如果您患有心脏病或高血压等心血管疾病，在炎热的天气里要特别小心。
Heat places additional stress on the heart.
高温会给心脏带来额外的压力。
To stay safe:
为了确保安全：
Conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be aggravated by hot, humid air and air pollution, which often worsens during heat waves.
炎热、潮湿的空气和空气污染会加剧哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 等疾病，在热浪期间往往会恶化。
Kidney function can be compromised by dehydration, a common risk during extreme heat.
脱水可能会损害肾功能，脱水是极热期间的常见风险。
People with pre-existing kidney disease are more vulnerable.
已有肾脏疾病的人更容易受到伤害。
Francesca Coltrera , Editor, Harvard Health Blog
Francesca Coltrera，哈佛健康博客编辑
Robert H.
罗伯特·H.
Shmerling, MD , Senior Faculty Editor, Harvard Health Publishing; Editorial Advisory Board Member, Harvard Health Publishing
Shmerling，医学博士，哈佛健康出版社高级编辑；哈佛健康出版社编辑顾问委员会成员
As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content.
作为为读者提供的一项服务，哈佛健康出版社提供对我们存档内容库的访问。
Please note the date of last review or update on all articles.
请注意所有文章的最后审查或更新日期。
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
本网站上的任何内容，无论日期如何，都不应替代您的医生或其他合格临床医生的直接医疗建议。
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