Serving Indian Country with the Modernized Community Reinvestment Act

At the Modernized Community Reinvestment Act and Indian Country, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota (virtual)

根据《现代化社区再投资法案》和印第安国家，明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行（虚拟）

Good afternoon.

下午好。

I'm grateful for the opportunity to join you today as we discuss the updated Community Reinvestment Act regulations and what they mean for Indian Country.

我很高兴今天有机会与大家一起讨论更新后的《社区再投资法》法规及其对印第安国家的意义。

The Community Reinvestment Act—or CRA—requires banking regulators to encourage federally insured banks to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they do business, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.

《社区再投资法案》（CRA）要求银行监管机构鼓励联邦保险银行帮助满足其开展业务的社区（包括中低收入社区）的信贷需求。

On October 24, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) announced a final rule strengthening and modernizing the regulations implementing the CRA.

10 月 24 日，美国联邦储备委员会、联邦存款保险公司 (FDIC) 和货币监理署 (OCC) 宣布了一项最终规则，以加强和现代化 CRA 的实施法规。

This historic update reflects years of public engagement and several rounds of rulemaking by the Board, FDIC, and OCC.

这一历史性更新反映了公众多年来的参与以及董事会、FDIC 和 OCC 的多轮规则制定。

During this process, the Center for Indian Country Development was a key partner in encouraging input from Native community members and organizations.

在此过程中，印第安国家发展中心是鼓励土著社区成员和组织投入的重要合作伙伴。

Indian Country leaders described critical community needs, such as developing partnerships with financial institutions, increasing mortgage lending, and bolstering partnerships with Native Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) to expand small business lending.

印度乡村领导人描述了关键的社区需求，例如与金融机构建立伙伴关系、增加抵押贷款以及加强与原住民社区发展金融机构 (CDFI) 的伙伴关系以扩大小企业贷款。

I want to thank you for sharing your perspectives.

我要感谢您分享您的观点。

They informed the final rule in ways that have the potential to positively impact community development in Indian Country for generations to come.

他们以有可能对印第安乡村子孙后代的社区发展产生积极影响的方式告知最终规则。

As the Federal Reserve's Vice Chair for Supervision, I oversee supervision of banks and bank holding companies.

作为美联储负责监管的副主席，我负责监督银行和银行控股公司。

I've researched and written about the CRA's role in expanding access to credit and financial inclusion for many years and have had the privilege of working with dedicated colleagues across the Federal Reserve, FDIC, and OCC who worked tirelessly on this update.

多年来，我一直在研究和撰写关于 CRA 在扩大信贷准入和金融包容性方面的作用的文章，并有幸与美联储、FDIC 和 OCC 的敬业同事合作，他们为此次更新不懈努力。

It's profoundly rewarding to have completed this historic milestone, and yet I know our work has just begun.

完成这一历史性里程碑令人深感荣幸，但我知道我们的工作才刚刚开始。

We now need to turn our attention to building awareness of the opportunities introduced by the new regulations, and to supporting their clear and consistent implementation.

我们现在需要将注意力转向提高对新法规带来的机遇的认识，并支持其明确和一致的实施。

The potential impact of the new rule was reinforced for me on a recent visit with tribal nations in Montana.

在我最近访问蒙大拿州的部落国家时，新规则的潜在影响得到了加强。

In August, I had the opportunity to spend time on the Flathead and Blackfeet reservations, where I met with members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and Blackfeet Nation.

八月，我有机会在弗拉特黑德和黑脚保留地度过了一段时间，在那里我会见了萨利希部落和库特奈联盟以及黑脚民族的成员。

Tribal members described the need to address persistent housing challenges and insufficient access to credit in their communities.

部落成员表示需要解决持续存在的住房挑战和社区获得信贷的不足。

While there is a range of housing experiences across Indian Country, many communities face an inadequate housing supply, substandard housing conditions, and limited access to credit for home purchases and improvements.

尽管印度各地有各种住房经验，但许多社区面临住房供应不足、住房条件不合格以及购房和装修信贷机会有限的问题。

Research from the Center for Indian Country Development has found that Native Americans pay more for home loans than White borrowers on average, and the gap widens for Native American borrowers living on reservations.

印第安国家发展中心的研究发现，美国原住民平均比白人借款人支付更多的住房贷款，而居住在保留地的美国原住民借款人的差距更大。

1 In a community roundtable, tribal members of diverse ages and income levels shared their personal stories of struggling to find affordable housing and secure the financing they need.

1 在社区圆桌会议上，不同年龄和收入水平的部落成员分享了他们努力寻找经济适用住房并获得所需融资的个人故事。

My conversations with bankers and community leaders raised hopeful avenues for addressing these challenges.

我与银行家和社区领袖的对话为解决这些挑战提出了充满希望的途径。

In a roundtable with community banks, lenders described efforts to expand capital and financial services in Indian Country.

在与社区银行举行的圆桌会议上，贷方描述了在印第安乡村扩大资本和金融服务的努力。

Banks are also building their capacity to leverage federal housing resources and navigate the complexities of trust land, but these efforts are time-consuming.

银行也在建设利用联邦住房资源和应对信托土地复杂性的能力，但这些努力非常耗时。

These lenders see an opportunity to simplify the administrative complexity of federal housing programs on tribal lands.

这些贷款机构看到了简化部落土地上联邦住房计划的管理复杂性的机会。

Native CDFIs may also offer innovative ways to address housing and other credit needs in Indian Country.

本土 CDFI 还可以提供创新方法来解决印度乡村的住房和其他信贷需求。

2 These culturally centered community institutions are finding new ways to support positive credit outcomes and loan performance, and to facilitate mortgage loans in Indian Country.

2 这些以文化为中心的社区机构正在寻找新的方法来支持积极的信贷成果和贷款绩效，并促进印度乡村的抵押贷款。

The modernized CRA regulation includes important updates that can benefit Indian Country by encouraging affordable housing and expanding access to credit, investment, and banking services in Native Land Areas.

现代化的 CRA 法规包括重要的更新，可以通过鼓励经济适用房和扩大原住民土地地区获得信贷、投资和银行服务的机会，使印第安人受益。

I'm grateful for the work that the Center for Indian Country Development, our fellow regulatory agencies, and organizations serving Indian Country are doing to help communities understand the new provisions.

我感谢印度国家发展中心、我们的其他监管机构以及为印度国家服务的组织为帮助社区了解新规定所做的工作。

The new rule reflects changes to the current CRA framework intended to clarify and recognize community development activities in Native communities.

新规则反映了当前 CRA 框架的变化，旨在澄清和认可原住民社区的社区发展活动。

I'm hopeful about the new opportunities these updates open, and I'll highlight a few of those key changes today.

我对这些更新带来的新机会充满希望，今天我将重点介绍其中的一些关键变化。

One major change is that the updated rule newly defines "Native Land Area" and eligible activities in those areas.

一项重大变化是，更新后的规则新定义了“原住民土地区域”以及这些区域内的合格活动。

In addition, under the new rule, certain investment and community development activities in these areas are given special consideration.

此外，根据新规则，这些领域的某些投资和社区发展活动受到特别考虑。

This important update will recognize banks providing more banking services, community development financing, and volunteer work in Native communities.

这一重要更新将表彰银行在原住民社区提供更多银行服务、社区发展融资和志愿者工作。

Another key change is that banks can now get credit for qualifying activities that take place outside of their assessment areas.

另一个关键变化是，银行现在可以获得在其评估范围之外进行的合格活动的信用。

What this means is that even banks whose assessment areas fall outside of Native Land Areas can receive CRA credit for activities serving those areas.

这意味着，即使评估区域不在原住民土地区域的银行也可以获得 CRA 为这些区域提供服务的活动的信贷。

The updates related to Native Land Areas provide needed clarity to recognize investment in Native communities, but there are of course many Native people who live outside of these areas.

与原住民土地区域相关的更新提供了必要的清晰度，以识别对原住民社区的投资，但当然有许多原住民居住在这些区域之外。

The final rule also includes provisions that can be used to recognize activities benefiting Native individuals and communities outside of designated Native Land Areas.

最终规则还包括可用于承认有利于指定原住民土地区域之外的原住民个人和社区的活动的条款。

Community development activities that serve individuals and communities outside of the Native Land Areas may qualify for CRA consideration under another community development category.

为原住民土地区域以外的个人和社区提供服务的社区发展活动可能有资格获得 CRA 在另一个社区发展类别下的考虑。

For example, a loan to a nonprofit organization focused on providing housing to low- or moderate-income urban Native individuals could qualify as an affordable housing community development activity.

例如，向专注于为低收入或中等收入城市原住民提供住房的非营利组织提供的贷款可能符合经济适用住房社区发展活动的资格。

Another example would be loans or investments to facilitate community supportive services for low- or moderate-income individuals, such as childcare, education, workforce development and job training programs, health services programs, and housing services programs.

另一个例子是为低收入或中等收入个人提供社区支持服务的贷款或投资，例如儿童保育、教育、劳动力发展和职业培训计划、医疗服务计划和住房服务计划。

Another important part of the new rule establishes a community development category that includes CRA credit for activities undertaken with CDFIs, including Native CDFIs, which are certified by the Treasury Department.

新规则的另一个重要部分建立了社区发展类别，其中包括与 CDFI 开展的活动的 CRA 信用，其中包括经财政部认证的本地 CDFI。

With this update, the final rule provides clarity that a loan to a Native CDFI—including one serving a Native community outside of a Native Land Area—would receive positive CRA consideration.

通过此次更新，最终规则明确表明，向原住民 CDFI 提供的贷款（包括为原住民土地区域以外的原住民社区提供服务的贷款）将获得 CRA 的积极考虑。

We know from research conducted by the Center for Indian Country Development that Native CDFIs play a key role in addressing capital and credit needs in Indian Country.

我们从印度国家发展中心进行的研究中得知，本土 CDFI 在解决印度国家的资本和信贷需求方面发挥着关键作用。

These and other updates to the regulations implementing the CRA open promising new opportunities for supporting community development activities in Indian Country.

CRA 实施法规的这些更新和其他更新为支持印度乡村的社区发展活动带来了充满希望的新机遇。

One objective of the final rule is that it provides greater transparency and consistency in application of the regulations.

最终规则的一个目标是提高法规应用的透明度和一致性。

For example, the new regulations include a list of "impact and responsiveness review factors" designed to standardize the assessment of a bank's community development performance.

例如，新法规包括一系列“影响和响应审查因素”，旨在标准化银行社区发展绩效的评估。

This is an important change that will guide structured evaluation of banks' community development activities.

这是一个重要的变化，将指导银行社区发展活动的结构化评估。

Finally, the definition of "Native Land Area" in the final rule, coupled with data collection and reporting provisions regarding bank community development activities, will support greater transparency in how Indian Country is served, and provide stakeholders with a better understanding of the needs and opportunities for community development in these areas.

最后，最终规则中“原住民土地区域”的定义，加上有关银行社区发展活动的数据收集和报告规定，将支持提高印第安乡村服务方式的透明度，并使利益相关者更好地了解这些地区社区发展的需求和机会。

In the years to come, we have an important responsibility to monitor and assess how well the updated CRA regulations meet the needs of Indian Country.

在未来的几年里，我们肩负着重要的责任来监测和评估更新后的 CRA 法规如何满足印度国家的需求。

In our role as one of the CRA's regulatory agencies, it will be critical that we continue to listen to and learn from your experiences.

作为 CRA 的监管机构之一，我们必须继续倾听您的意见并从中学习，这一点至关重要。

Native CDFIs and other community-based groups will also continue to play a vital role in these efforts by highlighting where banks should do more for low- and moderate-income communities.

本土 CDFI 和其他社区团体也将继续在这些努力中发挥至关重要的作用，强调银行应为低收入和中等收入社区做更多的事情。

Thank you again for the opportunity to discuss this landmark CRA update with you.

再次感谢您有机会与您讨论这一具有里程碑意义的 CRA 更新。

I look forward to working with you and learning from your experiences in the years to come as we apply this new framework in service of Indian Country.

我期待着在未来几年中与您合作，并从您的经验中学习，因为我们将这一新框架应用于印度国家服务。

1.

1.

Helen Banga, Donn Feir, Matthew Gregg, " The Unequal Costs of Native American Homeownership ," Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, August 3, 2023.

Helen Banga、Donn Feir、Matthew Gregg，“美洲原住民拥有住房的不平等成本”，明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行，2023 年 8 月 3 日。

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2.

2.

Caryn Mohr, " Unpacking the wisdom of Native CDFIs ," Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, August 29, 2023.

Caryn Mohr，“揭开本土 CDFI 的智慧”，明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行，2023 年 8 月 29 日。

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