Opening Remarks

At the George P.

在乔治·P.

Shultz Memorial Lecture Series: Shultz and Economic Policy, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California

舒尔茨纪念讲座系列：舒尔茨与经济政策，胡佛研究所，斯坦福大学，斯坦福大学，加利福尼亚州

I am deeply honored to have been asked to speak here today about the remarkable legacy of George Shultz.

我非常荣幸今天受邀在这里谈论乔治·舒尔茨的非凡遗产。

Just to be clear, I will not address current economic conditions or monetary policy.

需要澄清的是，我不会谈论当前的经济状况或货币政策。

I have been an admirer of George Shultz since my college years.

从大学时代起，我就一直是乔治·舒尔茨的崇拜者。

I saw him then and now as a great role model, as I mentioned a few months ago when delivering the Baccalaureate address to Princeton's class of 2025, 50 years after my own graduation.

无论是当时还是现在，我都将他视为伟大的榜样，正如我几个月前在向普林斯顿大学 2025 届毕业生发表学士学位演讲时提到的那样，那时距我自己毕业 50 年了。

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As I told the graduates, when I faced the world after college, I had no real plan, but knew that I wanted to combine a private-sector career with public service.

正如我告诉毕业生的那样，当我大学毕业后面对世界时，我没有真正的计划，但知道我想将私营部门职业与公共服务结合起来。

I had in mind a few well-known public figures of the era, especially George Shultz, whose picture was on the wall of the Princeton eating club of which both of us were members.

我想起了那个时代的一些著名公众人物，尤其是乔治·舒尔茨，他的照片挂在普林斯顿饮食俱乐部的墙上，我们都是该俱乐部的会员。

George may also have caught my attention because my dad was a labor lawyer who represented one of the major steel companies in collective bargaining.

乔治也可能引起了我的注意，因为我的父亲是一名劳工律师，代表一家主要钢铁公司进行集体谈判。

Like George, my father had both a belief in the collective bargaining process and a deep respect for workers.

和乔治一样，我的父亲既相信集体谈判过程，又非常尊重工人。

I followed George's career with interest through the years.

多年来我一直饶有兴趣地关注着乔治的职业生涯。

It didn't occur to me that I would ever have the honor of meeting him.

我没想到我会有幸见到他。

But I did meet him after I joined the Fed in 2012, as I visited Stanford from time to time.

但我在 2012 年加入美联储后确实见到了他，当时我时不时地访问斯坦福大学。

I remember energetic economic discussions at group lunches in his conference room at Hoover.

我记得在胡佛会议室的集体午餐会上，人们进行了热烈的经济讨论。

George was also kind enough to host John Taylor, Michael, and me for a chilly round of golf on a rainy March day.

乔治还很友善地接待了约翰·泰勒、迈克尔和我，在三月的一个下雨天，我们一起打了一场高尔夫球。

Today, our focus is on George's extraordinarily broad economic accomplishments.

今天，我们的焦点是乔治非凡的经济成就。

I also want to celebrate the remarkable man and policymaker that he was.

我还想赞扬他这位杰出的人和政策制定者。

Several things stand out for me.

有几件事对我来说很突出。

He was a man who combined strong principles and unshakeable integrity with common sense and a practical, problem-solving approach to policy.

他是一个将坚定的原则和不可动摇的正直与常识和务实、解决问题的政策方法结合起来的人。

He had a deep belief in the wisdom of markets and a desire to let them work whenever possible without government direction.

他坚信市场的智慧，并希望尽可能让市场在没有政府指导的情况下发挥作用。

That theme runs through many issues we will discuss, including collective bargaining, wage and price controls, and exchange rates.

这个主题贯穿我们将讨论的许多问题，包括集体谈判、工资和价格控制以及汇率。

But he was not an absolutist and saw that there are sometimes market failures that should be addressed by public policy.

但他并不是一个绝对主义者，他认为有时会出现市场失灵的情况，应该通过公共政策来解决。

As one of the most successful policymakers of his era, George brought the intellectual rigor of an academic to the practical, constrained, messy work of policymaking.

作为他那个时代最成功的政策制定者之一，乔治将学术的严谨性带入了实际、有限、混乱的政策制定工作中。

Through four cabinet appointments, he dealt with many of the great issues of his day, with remarkable success.

通过四次内阁任命，他处理了当时的许多重大问题，并取得了显着的成功。

And he kept at it long after leaving public office, making important contributions on health care reform, climate change and nuclear disarmament.

他在卸任公职后仍坚持不懈，为医疗改革、气候变化和核裁军做出了重要贡献。

He may be less well known for this, but George Shultz was deeply concerned about racial discrimination in the workplace and our society more broadly.

乔治·舒尔茨可能因此不太出名，但他对工作场所和更广泛的社会中的种族歧视深感担忧。

He consistently and effectively used his positions of authority to increase opportunities for minorities.

他一贯有效地利用自己的权威地位来增加少数族裔的机会。

He later noted that there was both a moral and an economic basis for this.

他后来指出，这既有道德基础，也有经济基础。

He stuck to his principles while also treating people with honesty and respect, including those with whom he had policy disagreements.

他坚持自己的原则，同时也以诚实和尊重的态度对待人们，包括那些与他有政策分歧的人。

2 Labor leaders welcomed his appointment as Secretary of Labor.

2 工党领袖对他被任命为劳工部长表示欢迎。

As many of his contemporaries remarked, faced with divergent views and difficult issues, he was extraordinarily good at steering people toward agreement.

正如他的许多同时代人所说，面对不同的观点和棘手的问题，他非常善于引导人们达成一致。

A key part of that strategy was to let the parties reach the final agreement themselves.

该策略的一个关键部分是让各方自行达成最终协议。

That way, they owned the agreement and were more likely to honor it.

这样，他们就拥有了该协议，并且更有可能遵守该协议。

His friendships and collaborations were beyond number, and knew no partisan bounds.

他的友谊和合作不计其数，并且不分党派界限。

He often said that trust is the coin of the realm, and that good things were only possible where there was mutual trust.

他常说，信任是国之金，只有相互信任，才有可能有好事发生。

3 His integrity provided the basis for that trust.

3 他的正直为这种信任奠定了基础。

All of those who aspire to serve the public can learn from his example.

所有立志为人民服务的人都可以向他学习。

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See Jerome H.

参见杰罗姆·H.

Powell (2025), "Baccalaureate Remarks," (PDF) speech delivered at Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., May 25.

Powell (2025)，“Baccalaureate Remarks”(PDF) 演讲，于 5 月 25 日在新泽西州普林斯顿市普林斯顿大学发表。

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2.

2.

See Charles Moritz, ed.

参见查尔斯·莫里茨编辑。

(1970), Current Biography Yearbook 1969 (New York: The H.W.

(1970)，1969 年当代传记年鉴（纽约：H.W.

Wilson Company).

威尔逊公司）。

Shultz's background as a mediator served him well in economic policymaking, and Paul Volcker would later say of Shultz, "Time and again he would work with almost inhuman patience to bring a group to agreement upon a decision all could support, at times submerging his own preferences"; see Philip Taubman (2023), In the Nation's Service: The Life and Times of George P.

舒尔茨作为调解人的背景对他的经济政策制定很有帮助，保罗·沃尔克后来这样评价舒尔茨：“他一次又一次地以近乎非人的耐心努力让一群人就所有人都支持的决定达成一致，有时会掩盖他自己的偏好”；参见菲利普·陶布曼 (Philip Taubman) (2023)，《为国家服务：乔治·P·布什的一生和时代》

Shultz (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press), p.

舒尔茨（加利福尼亚州斯坦福：斯坦福大学出版社），第 11 页。

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23.

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3.

3.

Shultz summed up his views in this area in the mottoes "Trust is the coin of the realm" and "Respect your adversaries"; see George P.

舒尔茨在座右铭“信任是王国的硬币”和“尊重你的对手”中总结了他在这方面的观点；参见乔治·P.

Shultz (2016), Learning from Experience (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press).

Shultz (2016)，从经验中学习（加利福尼亚州斯坦福：胡佛研究所出版社）。

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