Financial Education

At the Financial Literacy and Education Commission Public Meeting, Financial Literacy and Education Commission, Washington, DC (via webcast)

在金融素养和教育委员会公开会议上，金融素养和教育委员会，华盛顿特区（通过网络广播）

Good morning.

早上好。

It is a pleasure to join today's meeting, I appreciate the invitation from the Financial Literacy and Education Commission (FLEC) to speak to this important intergovernmental body on these critical issues.

很高兴参加今天的会议，我感谢金融素养和教育委员会（FLEC）的邀请，就这些关键问题与这个重要的政府间机构发表讲话。

I especially appreciate that I am able to participate virtually this morning.

我特别感谢今天早上能够以虚拟方式参加。

The FLEC's efforts to coordinate and elevate the agencies work to advance financial education is critical in furthering progress toward the goal of broad-based financial literacy.

FLEC 协调和提升各机构工作以推进金融教育的努力对于进一步实现基础广泛的金融知识目标至关重要。

Providing consumers with the necessary tools and information to help them make sound financial decisions enhances economic well-being for everyone.

为消费者提供必要的工具和信息，帮助他们做出明智的财务决策，可以提高每个人的经济福祉。

The Federal Reserve ensures that our work contributes to this overarching goal—bringing together the efforts of the Board of Governors and the Reserve Banks to enhance the relationship between economic well-being, financial education and access to the financial system.

美联储确保我们的工作有助于实现这一总体目标——将理事会和储备银行的努力结合起来，以加强经济福祉、金融教育和金融体系准入之间的关系。

Access to financial education provides the foundation for the success of this work and helps to further the Fed's broader goal of promoting a healthy economy.

接受金融教育为这项工作的成功奠定了基础，并有助于推进美联储促进健康经济的更广泛目标。

Consumers make better informed decisions when they understand the consequences of their financial decisions.

当消费者了解其财务决策的后果时，他们会做出更明智的决策。

Better decisions lead to more opportunity to build financial capacity that establishes credit, leading to savings and other wealth-building activities.

更好的决策可以带来更多机会来建立金融能力，从而建立信贷，从而促进储蓄和其他创造财富的活动。

Financial education provides consumers with critical skills that enable them to evaluate options and make sound decisions.

金融教育为消费者提供关键技能，使他们能够评估选择并做出明智的决定。

In today's challenging economic environment, the Federal Reserve is helping to build a broad understanding of fundamental economic principles.

在当今充满挑战的经济环境中，美联储正在帮助建立对基本经济原则的广泛理解。

We have undertaken a variety of efforts to strengthen resources for teachers and communities including our federalreserveeducation.org website which provides teachers with online resources about personal finance and economics, for all students from kindergarten to college.

我们采取了各种努力来加强为教师和社区提供的资源，包括我们的 Federalreserveeducation.org 网站，该网站为教师提供有关个人理财和经济的在线资源，适用于从幼儿园到大学的所有学生。

Other programs, like the Philadelphia Fed's Keys to Financial Success curriculum and the St. Louis Fed's economic education guides and videos, support students through knowledge and skills development to understand how economics impacts their day-to-day lives.

其他项目，如费城联储的“财务成功的关键”课程和圣路易斯联储的经济教育指南和视频，通过知识和技能发展来支持学生了解经济学如何影响他们的日常生活。

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We all know that the financial services marketplace is vast and that it evolves very quickly, offering consumers a wide and growing range of choices among financial products and providers.

我们都知道，金融服务市场广阔且发展迅速，为消费者提供了广泛且不断增长的金融产品和提供商选择。

As a result, it is important that small businesses and consumers are prepared with information and resources to guide their personal financial decisions.

因此，小企业和消费者必须准备好信息和资源来指导他们的个人财务决策。

The benefits are potentially limitless when consumers understand how their financial choices affect their current and future financial security.

当消费者了解他们的财务选择如何影响他们当前和未来的财务安全时，好处可能是无限的。

In addition to broad-based outreach, I would also like to emphasize the opportunity that financial education provides to advance our shared goal of financial inclusion.

除了广泛的宣传之外，我还想强调金融教育为推进我们共同的金融普惠目标提供的机会。

Today, I will discuss three important aspects of the Fed's inclusion efforts that helps to inform policies and practices designed to advance financial access and capability: Access to a banking account; the availability of responsible small-dollar lending products for short term financial needs; and expanded reach of financial initiatives to Indigenous and native communities to more effectively assist in providing access to the broader financial economy.

今天，我将讨论美联储包容性努力的三个重要方面，这些方面有助于为旨在促进金融准入和能力的政策和实践提供信息：获得银行账户；提供满足短期财务需求的负责任的小额贷款产品；将金融举措的覆盖范围扩大到原住民和原住民社区，以更有效地协助提供更广泛的金融经济准入。

We have made significant progress in providing greater access to bring the unbanked into the insured depository space.

我们在为没有银行账户的人提供更多进入保险存款空间的机会方面取得了重大进展。

Our research gives us insight into the success of recent efforts to expand access among unbanked populations.

我们的研究让我们深入了解最近为扩大无银行账户人群的服务而做出的努力所取得的成功。

For example, the Federal Reserve's Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED) showed in 2021 that 94 percent of adults have a bank or credit union account, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's 2021 National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households found that 95.5 percent of all U.S. households were banked, which is the highest level since the survey began in 2009.

例如，美联储2021年家庭经济和决策调查(SHED)显示，94%的成年人拥有银行或信用合作社账户，联邦存款保险公司2021年全国无银行账户和银行服务不足家庭调查发现，95.5%的美国家庭拥有银行账户，这是自2009年开始调查以来的最高水平。

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The Fed's Survey of Consumer Finances shows similar results.

美联储的消费者金融调查也显示了类似的结果。

From 1989 to 2019, the percentage of U.S. adults with bank accounts rose from 85.6 to 94.5 percent.

从 1989 年到 2019 年，美国成年人拥有银行账户的比例从 85.6% 上升到 94.5%。

This is also true in the increased number of bank accounts owned by members of minority groups over the same time period, especially for Black and Hispanic consumers.

同一时期少数群体成员拥有的银行账户数量不断增加，尤其是黑人和西班牙裔消费者的银行账户数量也不断增加。

Black adults increased bank account ownership from 56.7 to 86.8 percent and Hispanics increased from 63.5 to 89.5 percent.

黑人成年人的银行账户拥有率从 56.7% 增加到 86.8%，西班牙裔则从 63.5% 增加到 89.5%。

Though these surveys show significant improvement over the past decades, there is still further progress to make.

尽管这些调查显示过去几十年来取得了显着进步，但仍需取得进一步的进展。

In fact, our SHED survey data helps to identify characteristics of those who may choose not to use a deposit account or do not have access to one.

事实上，我们的 SHED 调查数据有助于识别那些可能选择不使用存款账户或无法使用存款账户的人的特征。

The most recent survey results show that income and education may also play a factor—among the respondents, 24 percent of adults who have not earned a high school diploma and 17 percent of adults making less than $25,000 a year did not own a deposit account.

最新的调查结果显示，收入和教育也可能是一个因素——在受访者中，24% 的未获得高中文凭的成年人和 17% 的年收入低于 25,000 美元的成年人没有存款账户。

We also know that there are many factors that may lead consumers to choose not to engage in the banking system, whether from a distrust of the banking system or prior mishandling of a banking relationship being an impediment to account ownership.

我们还知道，有许多因素可能导致消费者选择不参与银行系统，无论是出于对银行系统的不信任，还是之前对银行关系的不当处理而成为账户所有权的障碍。

These broader gains in the number of consumers with bank accounts are an important measure of our collective success, particularly in an environment where consumers can access an ever-growing range of financial services.

拥有银行账户的消费者数量的扩大是衡量我们集体成功的一个重要指标，特别是在消费者可以获得越来越多金融服务的环境下。

While there are a multitude of nonbank products and providers, none provide the reliability and protection of FDIC insurance for deposits.

尽管有众多非银行产品和提供商，但没有一个能够提供 FDIC 存款保险的可靠性和保护。

Bank accounts continue to be the safest and most reliable way to deposit and keep money and engage in a variety of transactions.

银行账户仍然是存款和保管资金以及进行各种交易的最安全、最可靠的方式。

These affordable, government insured banking relationships can help consumers and businesses manage their money—to save or spend as desired—and develop financial management skills through savings and payments.

这些负担得起的、政府保险的银行关系可以帮助消费者和企业管理资金——根据需要储蓄或支出——并通过储蓄和支付培养财务管理技能。

In addition, having a banking relationship may assist consumers borrowing money to invest in education, a home, vehicle or a business.

此外，拥有银行关系可以帮助消费者借钱投资教育、住房、车辆或企业。

The Federal Reserve continues to support expanding access to bank accounts through the Bank On program, which provides those without a banking relationship access to low- or no-cost deposit accounts.

美联储继续通过 Bank On 计划支持扩大银行账户的使用范围，该计划为那些没有银行关系的人提供低成本或免费存款账户的访问权限。

The St. Louis Fed's Bank On Data Hub reports national data for all banks that offer these Bank On program accounts.

圣路易斯联储银行数据中心报告所有提供这些银行计划账户的银行的全国数据。

In 2022, more than 200 banks offered certified Bank On accounts.

2022 年，超过 200 家银行提供经过认证的 Bank On 账户。

These accounts are now available at more than 46,000 U.S. bank and credit union branches.

目前，美国 46,000 多家银行和信用合作社分行均可使用这些账户。

Like affordable banking services, responsible small-dollar lending products can play an important role in financial inclusion by helping meet immediate credit needs from emergency or unexpected expenses, temporary cash flow disruptions, or unplanned income shortfalls.

与负担得起的银行服务一样，负责任的小额贷款产品可以在金融包容性中发挥重要作用，帮助满足因紧急或意外支出、临时现金流中断或计划外收入短缺而产生的即时信贷需求。

Small-dollar loans are often a critical source of funding when economic stress occurs.

当经济出现压力时，小额贷款往往是重要的资金来源。

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve and other agencies issued updated principles for banks to consider when offering responsible small-dollar loans.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间，美联储和其他机构发布了更新的原则，供银行在提供负责任的小额贷款时考虑。

Successful programs incorporate repayment safeguards and seek to provide outcomes that enhance borrowers' financial capabilities.

成功的计划纳入了还款保障措施，并寻求提供增强借款人财务能力的成果。

As loan markets continue to evolve, well-designed small-dollar loan products remain an important resource for consumers, helping to encourage positive credit practices and transition into additional financial products.

随着贷款市场的不断发展，精心设计的小额贷款产品仍然是消费者的重要资源，有助于鼓励积极的信贷实践并过渡到其他金融产品。

I will conclude with a key element of the Federal Reserve's community engagement to broaden access to financial services so that more Americans can participate in the broader economy.

最后，我将提出美联储社区参与的一个关键要素，即扩大获得金融服务的机会，以便更多的美国人能够参与更广泛的经济。

Financial inclusion for all, including underserved communities, like Indigenous groups, is important for the economic strength of our country.

为所有人（包括土著群体等服务不足的社区）提供金融普惠对于我国的经济实力非常重要。

Our efforts across multiple Federal Reserve System functions work to advance this goal.

我们在美联储多个职能部门的努力致力于推进这一目标。

The Federal Reserve Board's Community Advisory Council offers diverse perspectives on economic circumstances and financial services needs of a range of consumers and communities, with a particular focus on low- and moderate-income populations.

美联储委员会的社区咨询委员会针对一系列消费者和社区的经济状况和金融服务需求提供不同的观点，特别关注低收入和中等收入人群。

The Community Advisory Council has benefited from having representation from the Native American Indian community serving on the council and updating the members on current challenges and opportunities facing these communities.

社区咨询委员会受益于美洲原住民印第安社区的代表在委员会中任职，并向成员通报这些社区当前面临的挑战和机遇的最新情况。

In addition, in 2021, the Federal Reserve joined the Central Bank Network for Indigenous Inclusion, which fosters ongoing dialogue and research to enhance the participation of Indigenous populations in the economy.

此外，美联储于 2021 年加入了中央银行原住民包容网络，该网络促进持续的对话和研究，以提高原住民对经济的参与。

Our efforts in this area emphasize the importance of education.

我们在这一领域的努力强调了教育的重要性。

In fact, the St. Louis Fed's Native Economic and Financial Education Empowerment program has provided economic and personal finance education for Native communities and organizations throughout the country since 2018.

事实上，自 2018 年以来，圣路易斯联储的土著经济和金融教育赋权计划已为全国各地的土著社区和组织提供经济和个人金融教育。

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Recent research shows promising trends in access to bank accounts for Native American Alaskan and Indian communities, with over 93 percent of these households now holding a bank account, which is nearly a 10-percentage point increase from 2019.

最近的研究显示，美国阿拉斯加原住民和印第安人社区在使用银行账户方面呈现出可喜的趋势，其中超过 93% 的家庭目前拥有银行账户，比 2019 年增加了近 10 个百分点。

I am very pleased to see that these efforts and our commitment to bringing access to financial services to Indigenous communities have been beneficial.

我很高兴看到这些努力以及我们为原住民社区提供金融服务的承诺是有益的。

Thank you for the invitation to speak to you today.

感谢您今天邀请我与您交谈。

I appreciate the opportunity to highlight the Federal Reserve's contributions to FLEC's mission of financial empowerment and I look forward to the insights from today's meeting.

我很高兴有机会强调美联储对 FLEC 金融赋权使命的贡献，并期待今天会议的见解。

Note: A previous version of this speech incorrectly attributed statistics in paragraph 9 to the Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED).

注意：本演讲的前一个版本错误地将第 9 段中的统计数据归因于家庭经济和决策调查 (SHED)。

On November 17, this paragraph was updated to correctly attribute these numbers to the Survey of Consumer Finances.

11 月 17 日，本段已更新，以正确地将这些数字归因于消费者财务调查。

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See " Keys to Financial Success—Lessons and Curricula ," Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and " Resources for Teachers and Students in Economics and Personal Finance ," Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

请参阅“财务成功的关键——课程和课程”，费城联邦储备银行和“经济和个人理财教师和学生资源”，圣路易斯联邦储备银行。

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See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, " Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2021 (PDF) " and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, " 2021 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (PDF) ".

请参阅联邦储备系统理事会，“2021 年美国家庭经济福祉 (PDF)”和联邦存款保险公司，“2021 年 FDIC 对无银行账户和银行服务不足家庭的全国调查 (PDF)”。

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See " Native Economic and Financial Education Empowerment (NEFEE) ," Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

请参阅“本土经济和金融教育赋权 (NEFEE)”，圣路易斯联邦储备银行。

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