Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
Narrative of the Life of FREDERICK DOUGLASS
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平叙述
AN AMERICAN SLAVE.
一个美国奴隶。
WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.
由他自己写的。
BOSTON
波士顿
PUBLISHED AT THE ANTI-SLAVERY OFFICE, NO. 25 CORNHILL 1845
出版于反奴隶制办公室，编号： 25 康希尔 1845
ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1845 BY FREDERICK DOUGLASS, IN THE CLERK’S OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS.
根据国会法案，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglas) 于 1845 年进入马萨诸塞州地方法院书记员办公室。
Note from the original file: This electronic book is being released at this time to honor the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. [Born January 15, 1929] [Officially celebrated January 20, 1992]
原始文件注释：这本电子书此时发布是为了纪念马丁·路德·金 (Martin Luther King Jr.) 的生日 [生于 1929 年 1 月 15 日] [正式庆祝于 1992 年 1 月 20 日]
Contents
内容
PREFACE LETTER FROM WENDELL PHILLIPS, ESQ.
温德尔·菲利普斯 (WENDELL PHILLIPS) ESQ 的前言
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI APPENDIX A PARODY
第一章 第二章 第三章 第四章 第五章 第六章 第七章 第八章 第九章 第十章 附录 A 戏仿
PREFACE
前言
In the month of August, 1841, I attended an anti-slavery convention in Nantucket, at which it was my happiness to become acquainted with _Frederick Douglass_, the writer of the following Narrative.
1841 年 8 月，我参加了在楠塔基特岛举行的反奴隶制大会，在会上我很高兴结识了弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass），他是以下叙述的作者。
He was a stranger to nearly every member of that body; but, having recently made his escape from the southern prison-house of bondage, and feeling his curiosity excited to ascertain the principles and measures of the abolitionists,—of whom he had heard a somewhat vague description while he was a slave,—he was induced to give his attendance, on the occasion alluded to, though at that time a resident in New Bedford.
几乎该机构的每个成员都对他很陌生。但是，他最近从南部的奴役监狱中逃出来，感到好奇，想要查明废奴主义者的原则和措施——当他还是奴隶时，他听过对废奴主义者的一些模糊的描述——他被诱使出席了所提到的场合，尽管当时他是新贝德福德的居民。
Fortunate, most fortunate occurrence!—fortunate for the millions of his manacled brethren, yet panting for deliverance from their awful thraldom!—fortunate for the cause of negro emancipation, and of universal liberty!—fortunate for the land of his birth, which he has already done so much to save and bless!—fortunate for a large circle of friends and acquaintances, whose sympathy and affection he has strongly secured by the many sufferings he has endured, by his virtuous traits of character, by his ever-abiding remembrance of those who are in bonds, as being bound with them!—fortunate for the multitudes, in various parts of our republic, whose minds he has enlightened on the subject of slavery, and who have been melted to tears by his pathos, or roused to virtuous indignation by his stirring eloquence against the enslavers of men!—fortunate for himself, as it at once brought him into the field of public usefulness, “gave the world assurance of a MAN,” quickened the slumbering energies of his soul, and consecrated him to the great work of breaking the rod of the oppressor, and letting the oppressed go free!
幸运的，最幸运的事情！——对他数以百万计戴着手铐的弟兄来说是幸运的，但他们渴望从可怕的奴役中解脱出来！——对黑人解放和普遍自由的事业来说是幸运的！——对他出生的土地来说是幸运的，他已经为拯救和祝福这片土地做出了巨大的努力！——对一大群朋友和熟人来说是幸运的，他已经通过许多人的努力获得了他们的同情和喜爱。他凭借其高尚的品格，通过他对那些被束缚的人的永远铭记，如同与他们有联系一样，所忍受的苦难！——这对我们共和国各地的群众来说是幸运的，他在奴隶制问题上启发了他们的思想，他们被他的悲情融化了眼泪，或者被他反对人类奴隶主的激动人心的雄辩激起了义愤！——幸运的是他本人，因为这立即把他带入了公共事业领域，“给了世界一个男人的保证”，唤醒了他灵魂沉睡的能量，并把他奉献给了折断压迫者的棍棒，让被压迫者获得自由的伟大工作！
I shall never forget his first speech at the convention—the extraordinary emotion it excited in my own mind—the powerful impression it created upon a crowded auditory, completely taken by surprise—the applause which followed from the beginning to the end of his felicitous remarks.
我永远不会忘记他在大会上的第一次演讲——它在我心中激起的非凡情感——它给拥挤的听众留下了强烈的印象，完全出乎意料——从他的精彩演讲开始到结束，掌声不断。
I think I never hated slavery so intensely as at that moment; certainly, my perception of the enormous outrage which is inflicted by it, on the godlike nature of its victims, was rendered far more clear than ever.
我想我从来没有像那一刻那样强烈地憎恨过奴隶制。当然，我对它所造成的巨大愤慨以及对其受害者的神圣本性的认识比以往任何时候都更加清晰。
There stood one, in physical proportion and stature commanding and exact—in intellect richly endowed—in natural eloquence a prodigy—in soul manifestly “created but a little lower than the angels”—yet a slave, ay, a fugitive slave,—trembling for his safety, hardly daring to believe that on the American soil, a single white person could be found who would befriend him at all hazards, for the love of God and humanity!
站着一个人，他的身体比例和身材威严而精确，智力丰富，天生的口才，是一个神童，在灵魂上显然是“被创造的，但比天使低一点”，但他是一个奴隶，哎，一个逃亡的奴隶，他为自己的安全而颤抖，几乎不敢相信在美国的土地上，可以找到一个白人，为了上帝和人类的爱，会不惜一切危险与他为友！
Capable of high attainments as an intellectual and moral being—needing nothing but a comparatively small amount of cultivation to make him an ornament to society and a blessing to his race—by the law of the land, by the voice of the people, by the terms of the slave code, he was only a piece of property, a beast of burden, a chattel personal, nevertheless!
作为一个在智力和道德上有很高成就的人，只需要相对少量的修养，就可以使他成为社会的装饰品，为他的种族造福——根据土地的法律，根据人民的呼声，根据奴隶法典的条款，他只是一块财产，一头驮兽，一头动产！
A beloved friend from New Bedford prevailed on Mr. DOUGLASS to address the convention.
来自新贝德福德的一位挚友说服道格拉斯先生在大会上发言。
He came forward to the platform with a hesitancy and embarrassment, necessarily the attendants of a sensitive mind in such a novel position.
他带着犹豫和尴尬走上讲台，在这样一个新奇的位置上，必然是一个敏感的头脑的伴随者。
After apologizing for his ignorance, and reminding the audience that slavery was a poor school for the human intellect and heart, he proceeded to narrate some of the facts in his own history as a slave, and in the course of his speech gave utterance to many noble thoughts and thrilling reflections.
在为自己的无知道歉，并提醒听众奴隶制对于人类智力和心灵来说是一所糟糕的学校之后，他开始讲述自己作为奴隶的历史中的一些事实，并在演讲过程中表达了许多崇高的思想和令人激动的反思。
As soon as he had taken his seat, filled with hope and admiration, I rose, and declared that PATRICK HENRY, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty, than the one we had just listened to from the lips of that hunted fugitive.
当他满怀希望和钦佩地入座后，我站了起来，宣布具有革命声誉的帕特里克·亨利在自由事业方面的演讲从未比我们刚才从那个被追捕的逃犯嘴里听到的演讲更雄辩。
So I believed at that time—such is my belief now.
所以我当时就相信——这就是我现在的信念。
I reminded the audience of the peril which surrounded this self-emancipated young man at the North,—even in Massachusetts, on the soil of the Pilgrim Fathers, among the descendants of revolutionary sires; and I appealed to them, whether they would ever allow him to be carried back into slavery,—law or no law, constitution or no constitution.
我提醒观众，这个在北方自我解放的年轻人所面临的危险，甚至在马萨诸塞州，在清教徒先祖的土地上，在革命先辈的后裔中间；我向他们呼吁，无论他们是否允许他被带回奴隶制——有法律还是没有法律，有宪法还是没有宪法。
The response was unanimous and in thunder-tones—“NO!” “Will you succor and protect him as a brother-man—a resident of the old Bay State?” “YES!” shouted the whole mass, with an energy so startling, that the ruthless tyrants south of Mason and Dixon’s line might almost have heard the mighty burst of feeling, and recognized it as the pledge of an invincible determination, on the part of those who gave it, never to betray him that wanders, but to hide the outcast, and firmly to abide the consequences.
得到的答复是一致的、雷鸣般的——“不！” “你会像兄弟——老海湾州的居民一样救助和保护他吗？” “是的！”全体群众大声喊道，其能量如此惊人，以至于梅森和迪克森战线以南的残酷暴君几乎都听到了这种强烈的感情爆发，并认为这是那些做出这一决定的人的无敌决心的誓言，永远不会背叛流浪者，而是隐藏被遗弃的人，并坚定地承担后果。
It was at once deeply impressed upon my mind, that, if Mr. DOUGLASS could be persuaded to consecrate his time and talents to the promotion of the anti-slavery enterprise, a powerful impetus would be given to it, and a stunning blow at the same time inflicted on northern prejudice against a colored complexion.
我立即深深地想到，如果能够说服道格拉斯先生把他的时间和才能奉献给促进反奴隶制事业，那么这将给它带来强大的推动力，同时也会对北方人对有色人种的偏见造成惊人的打击。
I therefore endeavored to instil hope and courage into his mind, in order that he might dare to engage in a vocation so anomalous and responsible for a person in his situation; and I was seconded in this effort by warm-hearted friends, especially by the late General Agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Mr. JOHN A.
因此，我努力向他灌输希望和勇气，以便他敢于从事一项如此不寻常且对他所处情况的人负责的职业；在这项工作中，我得到了热心朋友的支持，特别是已故的马萨诸塞州反奴隶制协会总代理约翰·A.
COLLINS, whose judgment in this instance entirely coincided with my own.
柯林斯，他在这件事上的判断与我的完全一致。
At first, he could give no encouragement; with unfeigned diffidence, he expressed his conviction that he was not adequate to the performance of so great a task; the path marked out was wholly an untrodden one; he was sincerely apprehensive that he should do more harm than good.
起初，他无法给予鼓励。他毫不掩饰地自信地表示，他坚信自己不足以胜任如此艰巨的任务。所划出的道路完全是一条无人走过的道路；他真诚地担心自己弊大于利。
After much deliberation, however, he consented to make a trial; and ever since that period, he has acted as a lecturing agent, under the auspices either of the American or the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.
然而，经过深思熟虑，他同意进行审判。从那时起，他就在美国或马萨诸塞州反奴隶制协会的赞助下担任讲师。
In labors he has been most abundant; and his success in combating prejudice, in gaining proselytes, in agitating the public mind, has far surpassed the most sanguine expectations that were raised at the commencement of his brilliant career.
他的劳动最为丰富；他在打击偏见、吸引皈依者、煽动公众思想方面所取得的成功，远远超出了他辉煌职业生涯开始时所提出的最乐观的期望。
He has borne himself with gentleness and meekness, yet with true manliness of character.
他表现得温和、温顺，但又具有真正的男子气概。
As a public speaker, he excels in pathos, wit, comparison, imitation, strength of reasoning, and fluency of language.
作为一名公共演讲者，他擅长悲情、机智、比较、模仿、推理能力和语言流畅。
There is in him that union of head and heart, which is indispensable to an enlightenment of the heads and a winning of the hearts of others.
他身上有头脑和心灵的结合，这对于启发头脑和赢得他人的心是必不可少的。
May his strength continue to be equal to his day!
愿他的实力继续如日中天！
May he continue to “grow in grace, and in the knowledge of God,” that he may be increasingly serviceable in the cause of bleeding humanity, whether at home or abroad!
愿他继续“在上帝的恩典和知识上有长进”，无论是在国内还是在国外，他都可以为人类流血的事业做出越来越大的贡献！
It is certainly a very remarkable fact, that one of the most efficient advocates of the slave population, now before the public, is a fugitive slave, in the person of _Frederick Douglass_; and that the free colored population of the United States are as ably represented by one of their own number, in the person of _Charles Lenox Remond_, whose eloquent appeals have extorted the highest applause of multitudes on both sides of the Atlantic.
这当然是一个非常引人注目的事实，现在在公众面前最有效的奴隶人口倡导者之一是一名逃亡奴隶，他就是弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）。美国的自由有色人种也有他们自己的一员，即查尔斯·莱诺克斯·雷蒙德，他的雄辩呼吁赢得了大西洋两岸群众的最高掌声。
Let the calumniators of the colored race despise themselves for their baseness and illiberality of spirit, and henceforth cease to talk of the natural inferiority of those who require nothing but time and opportunity to attain to the highest point of human excellence.
让有色人种的诽谤者鄙视自己的卑鄙和不自由的精神吧，从此不再谈论那些只需要时间和机会就可以达到人类卓越最高点的人的天生劣等。
It may, perhaps, be fairly questioned, whether any other portion of the population of the earth could have endured the privations, sufferings and horrors of slavery, without having become more degraded in the scale of humanity than the slaves of African descent.
也许，人们可能会质疑，地球上任何其他部分的人口是否能够忍受奴隶制的匮乏、痛苦和恐怖，而不会在人类规模上变得比非洲人后裔奴隶更加堕落。
Nothing has been left undone to cripple their intellects, darken their minds, debase their moral nature, obliterate all traces of their relationship to mankind; and yet how wonderfully they have sustained the mighty load of a most frightful bondage, under which they have been groaning for centuries!
不遗余力地削弱他们的智力，使他们的思想变得黑暗，降低他们的道德本性，抹杀他们与人类关系的所有痕迹；然而，他们多么奇妙地承受了最可怕的束缚的巨大负担，几个世纪以来他们一直在这种束缚下呻吟！
To illustrate the effect of slavery on the white man,—to show that he has no powers of endurance, in such a condition, superior to those of his black brother,—_Daniel O’Connell_, the distinguished advocate of universal emancipation, and the mightiest champion of prostrate but not conquered Ireland, relates the following anecdote in a speech delivered by him in the Conciliation Hall, Dublin, before the Loyal National Repeal Association, March 31, 1845.
为了说明奴隶制对白人的影响，表明他在这种情况下没有比他的黑人兄弟更好的忍耐力，丹尼尔·奥康奈尔是普遍解放的杰出倡导者，也是屈服但未被征服的爱尔兰的最强大的捍卫者，他在3月31日在都柏林调解大厅向忠诚国家废除协会发表的演讲中讲述了以下轶事， 1845.
“No matter,” said _Mr.
“没关系，”_先生说。
O’Connell_, “under what specious term it may disguise itself, slavery is still hideous.
奥康奈尔：“奴隶制用多么似是而非的术语来伪装，它仍然是可怕的。
_It has a natural, an inevitable tendency to brutalize every noble faculty of man._ An American sailor, who was cast away on the shore of Africa, where he was kept in slavery for three years, was, at the expiration of that period, found to be imbruted and stultified—he had lost all reasoning power; and having forgotten his native language, could only utter some savage gibberish between Arabic and English, which nobody could understand, and which even he himself found difficulty in pronouncing.
_它有一种自然的、不可避免的倾向，会残酷地残酷地摧残人类的每一种高贵的能力。_一位美国水手被遗弃在非洲海岸，在那里他被当作奴隶三年了，在这段时间结束时，他被发现变得粗鲁和愚蠢——他失去了所有的推理能力；他忘记了自己的母语，只能说一些阿拉伯语和英语之间的野蛮胡言乱语，没有人听得懂，连他自己都觉得发音困难。
So much for the humanizing influence of _The Domestic Institution_!” Admitting this to have been an extraordinary case of mental deterioration, it proves at least that the white slave can sink as low in the scale of humanity as the black one.
_国内机构_的人性化影响就到此为止了！”承认这是一个非同寻常的精神退化案例，它至少证明白人奴隶在人类尺度上可以像黑人奴隶一样堕落。
_Mr.
_先生。
Douglass_ has very properly chosen to write his own Narrative, in his own style, and according to the best of his ability, rather than to employ some one else.
道格拉斯非常正确地选择以自己的风格并尽其所能地撰写自己的叙述，而不是雇用其他人。
It is, therefore, entirely his own production; and, considering how long and dark was the career he had to run as a slave,—how few have been his opportunities to improve his mind since he broke his iron fetters,—it is, in my judgment, highly creditable to his head and heart.
因此，这完全是他自己的作品；而且，考虑到他作为奴隶的生涯是多么漫长和黑暗，自从他挣脱了铁镣以来，他提高思想的机会是多么少，在我看来，这对他的头脑和心灵来说是非常值得信赖的。
He who can peruse it without a tearful eye, a heaving breast, an afflicted spirit,—without being filled with an unutterable abhorrence of slavery and all its abettors, and animated with a determination to seek the immediate overthrow of that execrable system,—without trembling for the fate of this country in the hands of a righteous God, who is ever on the side of the oppressed, and whose arm is not shortened that it cannot save,—must have a flinty heart, and be qualified to act the part of a trafficker “in slaves and the souls of men.” I am confident that it is essentially true in all its statements; that nothing has been set down in malice, nothing exaggerated, nothing drawn from the imagination; that it comes short of the reality, rather than overstates a single fact in regard to _slavery as it is_.
一个人若能在不流泪、胸膛起伏、精神痛苦的情况下细读这本书，不会对奴隶制及其所有教唆者充满难以言喻的憎恶，不会下定决心立即推翻这一可恶的制度，不会为这个国家的命运在一位公义的上帝手中而颤抖，上帝永远站在被压迫者一边，他的手臂不会被缩短而无法拯救，他一定有一个铁石心肠，有资格扮演“奴隶和人类灵魂”的贩运者角色。我相信它的所有陈述基本上都是正确的；没有任何内容是恶意设定的，没有任何夸大的内容，没有任何来自想象的内容；它没有达到现实，而不是夸大了关于奴隶制的一个事实。
The experience of _Frederick Douglass_, as a slave, was not a peculiar one; his lot was not especially a hard one; his case may be regarded as a very fair specimen of the treatment of slaves in Maryland, in which State it is conceded that they are better fed and less cruelly treated than in Georgia, Alabama, or Louisiana.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯作为奴隶的经历并不奇怪。他的命运并不特别艰难。他的案例可以被视为马里兰州奴隶待遇的一个非常公平的例子，该州承认他们比佐治亚州、阿拉巴马州或路易斯安那州的奴隶吃得更好，受到的虐待也更少。
Many have suffered incomparably more, while very few on the plantations have suffered less, than himself.
许多人所受的苦难比他自己要多得多，而种植园里却很少有人比他所受的苦难更轻。
Yet how deplorable was his situation!
然而他的处境是多么悲惨啊！
what terrible chastisements were inflicted upon his person!
他的人身受到了多么可怕的惩罚啊！
what still more shocking outrages were perpetrated upon his mind!
他的心里还犯下多么令人震惊的暴行啊！
with all his noble powers and sublime aspirations, how like a brute was he treated, even by those professing to have the same mind in them that was in Christ Jesus!
尽管他拥有崇高的力量和崇高的抱负，但他却被当作一个畜生来对待，甚至那些自称与基督耶稣有同样想法的人也如此！
to what dreadful liabilities was he continually subjected!
他不断地承受着多么可怕的责任啊！
how destitute of friendly counsel and aid, even in his greatest extremities!
即使在他最困难的时候，他也是多么缺乏友好的建议和帮助！
how heavy was the midnight of woe which shrouded in blackness the last ray of hope, and filled the future with terror and gloom!
悲伤的午夜是多么沉重，它笼罩在黑暗中最后一线希望，让未来充满恐怖和阴暗！
what longings after freedom took possession of his breast, and how his misery augmented, in proportion as he grew reflective and intelligent,—thus demonstrating that a happy slave is an extinct man!
当自由占据了他的胸膛之后，他的渴望是多么强烈，随着他的反思和智慧的增长，他的痛苦是如何增加的——从而表明，一个幸福的奴隶是一个灭绝的人！
how he thought, reasoned, felt, under the lash of the driver, with the chains upon his limbs!
在司机的鞭打下，四肢戴着铁链，他是如何思考、推理和感受的！
what perils he encountered in his endeavors to escape from his horrible doom!
他在努力逃离可怕厄运的过程中遇到了多么危险啊！
and how signal have been his deliverance and preservation in the midst of a nation of pitiless enemies!
在一个充满无情敌人的国家中，他的获救和保存是多么重要啊！
This Narrative contains many affecting incidents, many passages of great eloquence and power; but I think the most thrilling one of them all is the description _Douglass_ gives of his feelings, as he stood soliloquizing respecting his fate, and the chances of his one day being a freeman, on the banks of the Chesapeake Bay—viewing the receding vessels as they flew with their white wings before the breeze, and apostrophizing them as animated by the living spirit of freedom.
这篇叙述包含许多感人的事件，许多雄辩有力的段落；但我认为其中最激动人心的是道格拉斯对他的感受的描述，他站在切萨皮克湾的岸边，自言自语地尊重自己的命运，以及有一天成为自由人的机会——看着远去的船只，它们在微风中展开白色的翅膀，并撇开它们，因为它们受到自由精神的鼓舞。
Who can read that passage, and be insensible to its pathos and sublimity?
谁能读完这段话而对其悲痛和崇高无动于衷呢？
Compressed into it is a whole Alexandrian library of thought, feeling, and sentiment—all that can, all that need be urged, in the form of expostulation, entreaty, rebuke, against that crime of crimes,—making man the property of his fellow-man!
其中压缩了一个完整的亚历山大图书馆的思想、情感和情感——所有可以、所有需要敦促的，以劝告、恳求、斥责的形式反对这种罪行，——使人成为他同胞的财产！
O, how accursed is that system, which entombs the godlike mind of man, defaces the divine image, reduces those who by creation were crowned with glory and honor to a level with four-footed beasts, and exalts the dealer in human flesh above all that is called God!
啊，这个制度是多么可咒诅啊，它埋葬了人类神圣的心灵，玷污了神圣的形象，将那些在创造中被冠以荣耀和尊贵的人贬低到与四足野兽同等的水平，并将人肉贩子高举到了一切所谓的上帝之上！
Why should its existence be prolonged one hour?
为什么它的存在要延长一小时？
Is it not evil, only evil, and that continually?
难道不是邪恶，只是邪恶，而且是持续不断的吗？
What does its presence imply but the absence of all fear of God, all regard for man, on the part of the people of the United States?
它的存在除了意味着美国人民不再敬畏上帝、不再尊重人之外，还意味着什么呢？
Heaven speed its eternal overthrow!
天极速其永恒倾覆！
So profoundly ignorant of the nature of slavery are many persons, that they are stubbornly incredulous whenever they read or listen to any recital of the cruelties which are daily inflicted on its victims.
许多人对奴隶制的本质一无所知，以至于每当他们读到或听到任何关于奴隶制受害者每天遭受的残酷行为的叙述时，他们都顽固地难以置信。
They do not deny that the slaves are held as property; but that terrible fact seems to convey to their minds no idea of injustice, exposure to outrage, or savage barbarity.
他们并不否认奴隶是作为财产而持有的。但这个可怕的事实似乎并没有向他们传达任何不公正、遭受愤怒或野蛮行径的想法。
Tell them of cruel scourgings, of mutilations and brandings, of scenes of pollution and blood, of the banishment of all light and knowledge, and they affect to be greatly indignant at such enormous exaggerations, such wholesale misstatements, such abominable libels on the character of the southern planters!
告诉他们残酷的鞭打、残害和烙印、污染和血腥的场景、所有光明和知识的驱逐，他们假装对如此巨大的夸张、如此大规模的错误陈述、如此对南方种植园主品格的可恶诽谤感到非常愤慨！
As if all these direful outrages were not the natural results of slavery!
仿佛所有这些可怕的暴行都不是奴隶制的自然结果！
As if it were less cruel to reduce a human being to the condition of a thing, than to give him a severe flagellation, or to deprive him of necessary food and clothing!
仿佛将一个人降格为物的状态，比严厉地鞭打他、剥夺他必要的食物和衣服还来得残忍！
As if whips, chains, thumb-screws, paddles, blood-hounds, overseers, drivers, patrols, were not all indispensable to keep the slaves down, and to give protection to their ruthless oppressors!
好像鞭子、铁链、指旋螺钉、桨、猎犬、监工、司机、巡逻队并不是镇压奴隶和保护残酷压迫者所不可或缺的！
As if, when the marriage institution is abolished, concubinage, adultery, and incest, must not necessarily abound; when all the rights of humanity are annihilated, any barrier remains to protect the victim from the fury of the spoiler; when absolute power is assumed over life and liberty, it will not be wielded with destructive sway!
仿佛婚姻制度废除后，纳妾、通奸、乱伦就不一定会盛行；当所有人类权利都被消灭时，就没有任何障碍可以保护受害者免受破坏者的愤怒；当对生命和自由拥有绝对权力时，它就不会受到破坏性的影响！
Skeptics of this character abound in society.
社会上对这种性格的怀疑论者比比皆是。
In some few instances, their incredulity arises from a want of reflection; but, generally, it indicates a hatred of the light, a desire to shield slavery from the assaults of its foes, a contempt of the colored race, whether bond or free.
在少数情况下，他们的怀疑源于缺乏反思。但总的来说，它表明了对光明的仇恨，保护奴隶制免受敌人攻击的愿望，对有色人种（无论是奴隶制还是自由人）的蔑视。
Such will try to discredit the shocking tales of slaveholding cruelty which are recorded in this truthful Narrative; but they will labor in vain.
这些人会试图抹黑这篇真实叙述中记录的令人震惊的奴隶制残酷故事；但他们的劳苦是徒然的。
_Mr.
_先生。
Douglass_ has frankly disclosed the place of his birth, the names of those who claimed ownership in his body and soul, and the names also of those who committed the crimes which he has alleged against them.
道格拉斯坦率地透露了他的出生地、那些声称拥有他的身体和灵魂的人的名字，以及那些犯下他所指控的罪行的人的名字。
His statements, therefore, may easily be disproved, if they are untrue.
因此，如果他的陈述不真实，很容易被反驳。
In the course of his Narrative, he relates two instances of murderous cruelty,—in one of which a planter deliberately shot a slave belonging to a neighboring plantation, who had unintentionally gotten within his lordly domain in quest of fish; and in the other, an overseer blew out the brains of a slave who had fled to a stream of water to escape a bloody scourging.
在他的叙述过程中，他讲述了两起残忍残忍的案件，其中一个种植园主故意射杀了邻近种植园的一名奴隶，该奴隶无意中进入了他的领地寻找鱼；另一个种植园主故意射杀了附近种植园的一名奴隶，而该奴隶无意中进入了他的领地寻找鱼；另一个种植园主故意射杀了附近种植园的一名奴隶。在另一起案件中，一名奴隶为了躲避血腥的鞭打而逃到一条小溪里，一名监工炸出了他的脑浆。
_Mr.
_先生。
Douglass_ states that in neither of these instances was any thing done by way of legal arrest or judicial investigation.
道格拉斯表示，在这两种情况下，都没有通过合法逮捕或司法调查的方式采取任何行动。
The Baltimore American, of March 17, 1845, relates a similar case of atrocity, perpetrated with similar impunity—as follows:—“_Shooting a slave._—We learn, upon the authority of a letter from Charles county, Maryland, received by a gentleman of this city, that a young man, named Matthews, a nephew of General Matthews, and whose father, it is believed, holds an office at Washington, killed one of the slaves upon his father’s farm by shooting him.
《巴尔的摩美国人报》于 1845 年 3 月 17 日报道了一起类似的暴行案件，且犯下类似的罪行却不受惩罚，如下：——“_射杀一名奴隶。_——根据本市一位绅士收到的一封来自马里兰州查尔斯县的信函，我们了解到，一名名叫马修斯的年轻人，马修斯将军的侄子，据信他的父亲在华盛顿任职，他杀死了一名奴隶开枪射杀了父亲的农场。
The letter states that young Matthews had been left in charge of the farm; that he gave an order to the servant, which was disobeyed, when he proceeded to the house, _obtained a gun, and, returning, shot the servant._ He immediately, the letter continues, fled to his father’s residence, where he still remains unmolested.”—Let it never be forgotten, that no slaveholder or overseer can be convicted of any outrage perpetrated on the person of a slave, however diabolical it may be, on the testimony of colored witnesses, whether bond or free.
信中指出，农场由年轻的马修斯负责。他向仆人下达了命令，但仆人没有服从，当他走进房子时，他拿了一把枪，返回时开枪打死了仆人。信中继续写道，他立即逃到了他父亲的住所，在那里他仍然没有受到骚扰。”——永远不要忘记，任何奴隶主或监工都不能因对奴隶犯下的任何暴行而被定罪，无论这种暴行有多么残酷，有色人种的证词。证人，无论是保释证人还是自由证人。
By the slave code, they are adjudged to be as incompetent to testify against a white man, as though they were indeed a part of the brute creation.
根据《奴隶法典》，他们被判定没有能力作证反对白人，就好像他们确实是野兽的一部分一样。
Hence, there is no legal protection in fact, whatever there may be in form, for the slave population; and any amount of cruelty may be inflicted on them with impunity.
因此，无论形式如何，事实上对奴隶人口都没有法律保护。对他们施加任何程度的残忍行为都可能不受惩罚。
Is it possible for the human mind to conceive of a more horrible state of society?
人类的思想是否有可能想象出更可怕的社会状况？
The effect of a religious profession on the conduct of southern masters is vividly described in the following Narrative, and shown to be any thing but salutary.
下面的叙述生动地描述了宗教职业对南方大师行为的影响，并且表明这种影响绝非有益。
In the nature of the case, it must be in the highest degree pernicious.
从案件的性质来看，它的危害程度一定是最高的。
The testimony of _Mr.
_先生的证言
Douglass_, on this point, is sustained by a cloud of witnesses, whose veracity is unimpeachable.
道格拉斯在这一点上得到了众多证人的支持，其真实性是无可挑剔的。
“A slaveholder’s profession of Christianity is a palpable imposture.
“奴隶主宣称信仰基督教是明显的骗局。
He is a felon of the highest grade.
他是最高级别的重罪犯。
He is a man-stealer.
他是一个偷男人的人。
It is of no importance what you put in the other scale.”
你在另一个尺度上放什么并不重要。”
Reader!
读者！
are you with the man-stealers in sympathy and purpose, or on the side of their down-trodden victims?
你是出于同情和目的而站在偷窃者一边，还是站在受压迫的受害者一边？
If with the former, then are you the foe of God and man.
如果是前者，那么你就是神与人的敌人。
If with the latter, what are you prepared to do and dare in their behalf?
如果是后者，你准备为他们做什么、敢于做什么？
Be faithful, be vigilant, be untiring in your efforts to break every yoke, and let the oppressed go free.
要忠诚，要警惕，要坚持不懈地努力挣脱一切枷锁，让受压迫的人获得自由。
Come what may—cost what it may—inscribe on the banner which you unfurl to the breeze, as your religious and political motto—“NO COMPROMISE WITH SLAVERY!
无论发生什么——无论付出什么代价——在你随风展开的旗帜上刻上你的宗教和政治座右铭——“不向奴隶制妥协！
NO UNION WITH SLAVEHOLDERS!”
不准与奴隶主结盟！”
WM.
WM。
LLOYD GARRISON BOSTON,
劳埃德·加里森·波士顿，
_May_ 1, 1845.
1845 年 5 月 1 日。
LETTER FROM WENDELL PHILLIPS, ESQ.
温德尔·菲利普斯 (WENDELL PHILLIPS) ESQ 的来信
BOSTON, _April_ 22, 1845.
1845 年 4 月 22 日，波士顿。
My Dear Friend:
我亲爱的朋友：
You remember the old fable of “The Man and the Lion,” where the lion complained that he should not be so misrepresented “when the lions wrote history.”
你还记得“人与狮子”的古老寓言吗？狮子抱怨说，“当狮子书写历史时”，他不应该被如此歪曲。
I am glad the time has come when the “lions write history.” We have been left long enough to gather the character of slavery from the involuntary evidence of the masters.
我很高兴“狮子书写历史”的时刻已经到来。我们已经有足够长的时间从主人的非自愿证据中了解奴隶制的特征了。
One might, indeed, rest sufficiently satisfied with what, it is evident, must be, in general, the results of such a relation, without seeking farther to find whether they have followed in every instance.
事实上，人们可能对这种关系的一般结果显然感到足够满意，而无需进一步寻找它们是否在每种情况下都遵循。
Indeed, those who stare at the half-peck of corn a week, and love to count the lashes on the slave’s back, are seldom the “stuff” out of which reformers and abolitionists are to be made.
事实上，那些每周盯着半配玉米、喜欢数奴隶背上的鞭子的人，很少是改革者和废奴主义者的“材料”。
I remember that, in 1838, many were waiting for the results of the West India experiment, before they could come into our ranks.
我记得，1838 年，许多人都在等待西印度实验的结果，然后才能加入我们的行列。
Those “results” have come long ago; but, alas!
这些“结果”早已到来；但是，唉！
few of that number have come with them, as converts.
其中很少有人作为皈依者而跟随他们。
A man must be disposed to judge of emancipation by other tests than whether it has increased the produce of sugar,—and to hate slavery for other reasons than because it starves men and whips women,—before he is ready to lay the first stone of his anti-slavery life.
一个人必须准备好通过其他测试来判断解放，而不是它是否增加了糖的产量，并以其他原因来憎恨奴隶制，而不是因为它使男人挨饿和鞭打女人，然后他才准备好奠定他的反奴隶制生活的第一块石头。
I was glad to learn, in your story, how early the most neglected of God’s children waken to a sense of their rights, and of the injustice done them.
我很高兴在你的故事中了解到，上帝最受忽视的孩子们很早就意识到了自己的权利，以及对他们的不公正。
Experience is a keen teacher; and long before you had mastered your A B C, or knew where the “white sails” of the Chesapeake were bound, you began, I see, to gauge the wretchedness of the slave, not by his hunger and want, not by his lashes and toil, but by the cruel and blighting death which gathers over his soul.
经验是一位敏锐的老师；我明白，早在你掌握了ABC，或者知道切萨皮克河的“白帆”挂在哪里之前，你就开始衡量奴隶的悲惨，不是通过他的饥饿和匮乏，不是通过他的鞭打和辛劳，而是通过聚集在他灵魂上的残酷和毁灭性的死亡。
In connection with this, there is one circumstance which makes your recollections peculiarly valuable, and renders your early insight the more remarkable.
与此相关的是，有一种情况使你的回忆特别有价值，并使你早期的洞察力更加非凡。
You come from that part of the country where we are told slavery appears with its fairest features.
你来自这个国家的那个地区，我们被告知那里的奴隶制有着最公平的特征。
Let us hear, then, what it is at its best estate—gaze on its bright side, if it has one; and then imagination may task her powers to add dark lines to the picture, as she travels southward to that (for the colored man) Valley of the Shadow of Death, where the Mississippi sweeps along.
那么，让我们听听它最好的状态是什么——凝视它明亮的一面，如果它有的话；然后，当她向南前往（对于黑人来说）密西西比河横流的死亡阴影之谷时，想象力可能会赋予她在画面上添加暗线的能力。
Again, we have known you long, and can put the most entire confidence in your truth, candor, and sincerity.
再说一次，我们认识您很久了，并且可以对您的真实、坦率和真诚充满信心。
Every one who has heard you speak has felt, and, I am confident, every one who reads your book will feel, persuaded that you give them a fair specimen of the whole truth.
每一个听过你演讲的人都感受到了，而且我相信，每一个读过你的书的人也会感受到，相信你给了他们一个完整真相的公平样本。
No one-sided portrait,—no wholesale complaints,—but strict justice done, whenever individual kindliness has neutralized, for a moment, the deadly system with which it was strangely allied.
没有片面的描述，没有大规模的抱怨，而是严格的正义，每当个人的善意暂时抵消了与其奇怪地结盟的致命制度时。
You have been with us, too, some years, and can fairly compare the twilight of rights, which your race enjoy at the North, with that “noon of night” under which they labor south of Mason and Dixon’s line.
您也已经和我们在一起好几年了，并且可以公平地将您的种族在北方享有的权利的黄昏与他们在梅森和迪克森线以南劳动的“夜晚正午”进行比较。
Tell us whether, after all, the half-free colored man of Massachusetts is worse off than the pampered slave of the rice swamps!
告诉我们，马萨诸塞州半自由的有色人种是否比稻田沼泽里养尊处优的奴隶更糟糕！
In reading your life, no one can say that we have unfairly picked out some rare specimens of cruelty.
在阅读你的一生时，没有人可以说我们不公平地挑选出了一些罕见的残酷样本。
We know that the bitter drops, which even you have drained from the cup, are no incidental aggravations, no individual ills, but such as must mingle always and necessarily in the lot of every slave.
我们知道，即使你从杯子里倒掉的苦涩的滴水，也不是偶然的烦恼，也不是个人的弊病，而是每个奴隶的命运中必须始终和必然地混合在一起的东西。
They are the essential ingredients, not the occasional results, of the system.
它们是系统的基本成分，而不是偶然的结果。
After all, I shall read your book with trembling for you.
毕竟，我会为你颤抖地读你的书。
Some years ago, when you were beginning to tell me your real name and birthplace, you may remember I stopped you, and preferred to remain ignorant of all.
几年前，当你开始告诉我你的真实姓名和出生地时，你可能记得我阻止了你，并且宁愿对一切一无所知。
With the exception of a vague description, so I continued, till the other day, when you read me your memoirs.
除了模糊的描述之外，我继续说下去，直到有一天，当你给我读你的回忆录时。
I hardly knew, at the time, whether to thank you or not for the sight of them, when I reflected that it was still dangerous, in Massachusetts, for honest men to tell their names!
当时我几乎不知道是否应该感谢你看到他们，因为我想到在马萨诸塞州，诚实的人说出他们的名字仍然很危险！
They say the fathers, in 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence with the halter about their necks.
他们说，1776 年，父辈们脖子上挂着缰绳，签署了《独立宣言》。
You, too, publish your declaration of freedom with danger compassing you around.
你也冒着危险发表自由宣言。
In all the broad lands which the Constitution of the United States overshadows, there is no single spot,—however narrow or desolate,—where a fugitive slave can plant himself and say, “I am safe.” The whole armory of Northern Law has no shield for you.
在美国宪法所笼罩的所有广阔土地上，没有任何一个地方，无论多么狭窄或荒凉，逃亡的奴隶可以安身立命并说：“我是安全的。”北方法则的整个军械库都没有你的盾牌。
I am free to say that, in your place, I should throw the MS. into the fire.
我可以自由地说，在你的位置上，我应该扔掉MS。进入火中。
You, perhaps, may tell your story in safety, endeared as you are to so many warm hearts by rare gifts, and a still rarer devotion of them to the service of others.
也许，你可以安全地讲述你的故事，因为你因罕见的礼物而受到这么多温暖人心的喜爱，而且更罕见的是你为他人服务的奉献精神。
But it will be owing only to your labors, and the fearless efforts of those who, trampling the laws and Constitution of the country under their feet, are determined that they will “hide the outcast,” and that their hearths shall be, spite of the law, an asylum for the oppressed, if, some time or other, the humblest may stand in our streets, and bear witness in safety against the cruelties of which he has been the victim.
但这只能归功于你们的辛勤劳动，以及那些将国家法律和宪法践踏在脚下的人们的无畏努力，他们决心“隐藏被遗弃者”，不管法律如何，他们的壁炉将成为被压迫者的庇护所，如果有一天，最卑微的人可以站在我们的街道上，安全地见证他所遭受的残酷行为。
Yet it is sad to think, that these very throbbing hearts which welcome your story, and form your best safeguard in telling it, are all beating contrary to the “statute in such case made and provided.” Go on, my dear friend, till you, and those who, like you, have been saved, so as by fire, from the dark prison-house, shall stereotype these free, illegal pulses into statutes; and New England, cutting loose from a blood-stained Union, shall glory in being the house of refuge for the oppressed,—till we no longer merely “_hide_ the outcast,” or make a merit of standing idly by while he is hunted in our midst; but, consecrating anew the soil of the Pilgrims as an asylum for the oppressed, proclaim our _welcome_ to the slave so loudly, that the tones shall reach every hut in the Carolinas, and make the broken-hearted bondman leap up at the thought of old Massachusetts.
然而，令人悲伤的是，这些非常跳动的心欢迎你的故事，并为你讲述故事提供了最好的保障，但它们的跳动却违反了“在这种情况下制定和提供的法规”。继续吧，我亲爱的朋友，直到你和那些像你一样被火从黑暗监狱中拯救出来的人，将这些自由的、非法的脉冲定型为法规；新英格兰摆脱了血迹斑斑的联邦，将因成为受压迫者的避难所而感到自豪，直到我们不再仅仅“隐藏”被遗弃者，或在他在我们中间被追捕时袖手旁观；但是，重新将朝圣者的土地奉献为受压迫者的庇护所，大声地宣布我们对奴隶的欢迎，这样的声音将传遍卡罗莱纳州的每间小屋，使心碎的奴隶一想到老马萨诸塞州就跳起来。
God speed the day!
上帝保佑这一天！
_Till then, and ever,_ Yours truly, WENDELL PHILLIPS
_直到那时，直到永远_您真诚的，温德尔·菲利普斯
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
Frederick Douglass was born in slavery as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey near Easton in Talbot County, Maryland.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 出生于马里兰州塔尔伯特县伊斯顿附近的奴隶制家庭，原名弗雷德里克·奥古斯都·华盛顿·贝利 (Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey)。
He was not sure of the exact year of his birth, but he knew that it was 1817 or 1818.
他不确定自己的确切出生年份，但他知道是1817年或1818年。
As a young boy he was sent to Baltimore, to be a house servant, where he learned to read and write, with the assistance of his master’s wife.
当他还是个小男孩的时候，他被送到巴尔的摩当家庭佣人，在那里他在主人妻子的帮助下学会了读书和写字。
In 1838 he escaped from slavery and went to New York City, where he married Anna Murray, a free colored woman whom he had met in Baltimore.
1838 年，他逃离奴隶制，来到纽约，与他在巴尔的摩结识的自由有色人种安娜·默里 (Anna Murray) 结婚。
Soon thereafter he changed his name to Frederick Douglass.
此后不久，他改名为弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
In 1841 he addressed a convention of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society in Nantucket and so greatly impressed the group that they immediately employed him as an agent.
1841 年，他在楠塔基特岛的马萨诸塞州反奴隶制协会大会上发表了讲话，给与会者留下了深刻的印象，他们立即雇用他作为代理人。
He was such an impressive orator that numerous persons doubted if he had ever been a slave, so he wrote _Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass_.
他是一位令人印象深刻的演说家，以至于许多人怀疑他是否曾经当过奴隶，因此他写了《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的一生的叙述》。
During the Civil War he assisted in the recruiting of colored men for the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Regiments and consistently argued for the emancipation of slaves.
内战期间，他协助马萨诸塞州第 54 和第 55 军团招募有色人种，并始终主张解放奴隶。
After the war he was active in securing and protecting the rights of the freemen.
战后，他积极争取和保护自由民的权利。
In his later years, at different times, he was secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission, marshall and recorder of deeds of the District of Columbia, and United States Minister to Haiti.
在他晚年的不同时期，他曾担任圣多明各委员会秘书、哥伦比亚特区的元帅和事迹记录员以及美国驻海地部长。
His other autobiographical works are _My Bondage And My Freedom_ and _Life And Times Of Frederick Douglass_, published in 1855 and 1881 respectively.
他的其他自传体作品有《我的束缚和我的自由》和《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生活和时代》，分别出版于 1855 年和 1881 年。
He died in 1895.
他于 1895 年去世。
CHAPTER I
第一章
I was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland.
我出生在马里兰州塔尔伯特县希尔斯伯勒附近的塔卡霍，距离伊斯顿约十二英里。
I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.
我对自己的年龄没有准确的了解，也从未见过任何真实的记载。
By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.
到目前为止，大部分奴隶对自己年龄的了解就像马对自己年龄的了解一样少，据我所知，大多数主人都希望让他们的奴隶保持这样的无知。
I do not remember to have ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday.
我不记得见过哪个奴隶能说出自己的生日。
They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvest-time, cherry-time, spring-time, or fall-time.
他们很少会比播种季节、收获季节、樱桃季节、春天或秋天更接近它。
A want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood.
即使在童年时期，缺乏有关我自己的信息也是我不快乐的一个根源。
The white children could tell their ages.
白人孩子可以说出他们的年龄。
I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege.
我不明白为什么我应该被剥夺同样的特权。
I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it.
我不被允许向我的主人询问这件事。
He deemed all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent, and evidence of a restless spirit.
他认为奴隶的所有此类询问都是不恰当和无礼的，并且是不安精神的证据。
The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age.
我能给出的最接近的估计是我现在的年龄在二十七岁到二十八岁之间。
I come to this, from hearing my master say, some time during 1835, I was about seventeen years old.
我之所以想到这一点，是因为听我的主人说，1835 年的某个时候，我大约十七岁。
My mother was named Harriet Bailey.
我的母亲名叫哈丽特·贝利。
She was the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey, both colored, and quite dark.
她是艾萨克·贝利 (Isaac Bailey) 和贝西·贝利 (Betsey Bailey) 的女儿，都是有色人种，肤色很黑。
My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather.
我母亲的肤色比我的祖母或祖父更黑。
My father was a white man.
我的父亲是一名白人。
He was admitted to be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage.
我所听到的关于我出身的一切都承认他是这样的人。
The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me.
还有人低声说，我的主人就是我的父亲。但对于这个观点的正确性，我一无所知。我被剥夺了了解的途径。
My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant—before I knew her as my mother.
当我还是个婴儿的时候，我和母亲就分开了——在我认识她作为我的母亲之前。
It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age.
在我逃离的马里兰州，孩子很小就与母亲分离是一种常见的习俗。
Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an old woman, too old for field labor.
通常，在孩子满第十二个月之前，他的母亲就会被带走，并被租到相距很远的某个农场，然后将孩子交给一位老妇人照顾，因为她太老了，无法在田间劳动。
For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child’s affection toward its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child.
我不知道这种分离是为了什么，除非是为了阻碍孩子对母亲感情的发展，钝化和破坏母亲对孩子的天然感情。
This is the inevitable result.
这是必然的结果。
I never saw my mother, to know her as such, more than four or five times in my life; and each of these times was very short in duration, and at night.
在我的一生中，我见过我的母亲、认识她的次数从未超过四五次。每一次的持续时间都很短，而且都是在晚上。
She was hired by a Mr. Stewart, who lived about twelve miles from my home.
她是由斯图尔特先生雇用的，他住在离我家大约十二英里的地方。
She made her journeys to see me in the night, travelling the whole distance on foot, after the performance of her day’s work.
完成一天的工作后，她在夜间赶来看我，全程步行。
She was a field hand, and a whipping is the penalty of not being in the field at sunrise, unless a slave has special permission from his or her master to the contrary—a permission which they seldom get, and one that gives to him that gives it the proud name of being a kind master.
她是一名田地里的工人，日出时不在田地里会受到鞭打的惩罚，除非奴隶得到了他或她的主人的特别许可，否则他们很少得到这种许可，而这种许可给予他一个善良的主人的光荣称号。
I do not recollect of ever seeing my mother by the light of day.
我不记得在白天见过我的母亲。
She was with me in the night.
晚上她和我在一起。
She would lie down with me, and get me to sleep, but long before I waked she was gone.
她会和我一起躺下，哄我入睡，但在我醒来之前她就已经走了。
Very little communication ever took place between us.
我们之间很少有交流。
Death soon ended what little we could have while she lived, and with it her hardships and suffering.
死亡很快结束了我们在她活着时所能拥有的一切，也结束了她的艰辛和痛苦。
She died when I was about seven years old, on one of my master’s farms, near Lee’s Mill.
当我大约七岁的时候，她死在我主人的一个农场里，靠近李磨坊。
I was not allowed to be present during her illness, at her death, or burial.
在她生病、去世或埋葬期间，我不被允许在场。
She was gone long before I knew any thing about it.
在我对此一无所知之前，她就已经离开了。
Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of her death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger.
我从来没有在很大程度上享受过她的安慰，她的温柔和细心的照顾，当我收到她去世的消息时，我的情绪与我在一个陌生人去世时可能感受到的情绪大致相同。
Called thus suddenly away, she left me without the slightest intimation of who my father was.
她突然被叫走，就这样离开了我，丝毫没有透露我的父亲是谁。
The whisper that my master was my father, may or may not be true; and, true or false, it is of but little consequence to my purpose whilst the fact remains, in all its glaring odiousness, that slaveholders have ordained, and by law established, that the children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of their mothers; and this is done too obviously to administer to their own lusts, and make a gratification of their wicked desires profitable as well as pleasurable; for by this cunning arrangement, the slaveholder, in cases not a few, sustains to his slaves the double relation of master and father.
有传言说我的主人是我的父亲，这可能是真的，也可能不是。而且，无论真假，这对我的目的来说都没有什么影响，尽管事实仍然如此，尽管其明显令人厌恶，但奴隶主已经命定并通过法律规定，奴隶妇女的孩子在任何情况下都应遵循其母亲的条件。这样做太明显了，不能满足他们自己的私欲，使满足他们邪恶的欲望既有利可图又令人愉悦。因为通过这种巧妙的安排，奴隶主在不少情况下维持了他的奴隶的主人和父亲的双重关系。
I know of such cases; and it is worthy of remark that such slaves invariably suffer greater hardships, and have more to contend with, than others.
我知道有这样的案例；值得注意的是，这些奴隶总是比其他奴隶遭受更大的苦难，面临更多的挑战。
They are, in the first place, a constant offence to their mistress.
首先，他们不断冒犯他们的情妇。
She is ever disposed to find fault with them; they can seldom do any thing to please her; she is never better pleased than when she sees them under the lash, especially when she suspects her husband of showing to his mulatto children favors which he withholds from his black slaves.
她总是喜欢挑剔他们。他们很少能做任何事情来取悦她；当她看到他们受到鞭打时，她感到无比高兴，尤其是当她怀疑她的丈夫向他的混血儿孩子们展示他对黑人奴隶的恩惠时。
The master is frequently compelled to sell this class of his slaves, out of deference to the feelings of his white wife; and, cruel as the deed may strike any one to be, for a man to sell his own children to human flesh-mongers, it is often the dictate of humanity for him to do so; for, unless he does this, he must not only whip them himself, but must stand by and see one white son tie up his brother, of but few shades darker complexion than himself, and ply the gory lash to his naked back; and if he lisp one word of disapproval, it is set down to his parental partiality, and only makes a bad matter worse, both for himself and the slave whom he would protect and defend.
出于对白人妻子感情的尊重，主人经常被迫出售他的这类奴隶。一个人将自己的孩子卖给人类的血肉贩子，尽管这一行为对任何人来说都是残酷的，但他这样做往往是人性的要求。因为，除非他这样做，否则他不仅要亲自鞭打他们，而且必须站在旁边，看着一个白人儿子把他的兄弟（肤色只比他黑一点点）绑起来，并将血淋淋的鞭子抽在他赤裸的背上；如果他口齿不清地说出一句不赞成的话，那就是他父母的偏心，这只会让事情变得更糟，无论是对他自己还是对他要保护和捍卫的奴隶来说。
Every year brings with it multitudes of this class of slaves.
每年都会有大量的此类奴隶。
It was doubtless in consequence of a knowledge of this fact, that one great statesman of the south predicted the downfall of slavery by the inevitable laws of population.
毫无疑问，正是由于了解了这一事实，南方的一位伟大政治家才预言不可避免的人口规律将导致奴隶制的垮台。
Whether this prophecy is ever fulfilled or not, it is nevertheless plain that a very different-looking class of people are springing up at the south, and are now held in slavery, from those originally brought to this country from Africa; and if their increase do no other good, it will do away the force of the argument, that God cursed Ham, and therefore American slavery is right.
无论这个预言是否应验，但很明显的是，一个与最初从非洲带到这个国家的人截然不同的阶层正在南方兴起，现在他们被奴役。如果他们的增加没有其他好处，就会消除上帝诅咒含的论点的力量，因此美国奴隶制是正确的。
If the lineal descendants of Ham are alone to be scripturally enslaved, it is certain that slavery at the south must soon become unscriptural; for thousands are ushered into the world, annually, who, like myself, owe their existence to white fathers, and those fathers most frequently their own masters.
如果含的直系后裔是唯一符合圣经的奴隶制，那么可以肯定的是，南方的奴隶制很快就会变得不符合圣经。因为每年都有成千上万的人被引入这个世界，他们像我一样，将他们的存在归功于白人父亲，而这些父亲最常见的是他们自己的主人。
I have had two masters.
我有过两个师傅。
My first master’s name was Anthony.
我的第一位老师的名字是安东尼。
I do not remember his first name.
我不记得他的名字了。
He was generally called Captain Anthony—a title which, I presume, he acquired by sailing a craft on the Chesapeake Bay.
他通常被称为安东尼船长——我猜想，这个头衔是他在切萨皮克湾航行时获得的。
He was not considered a rich slaveholder.
他不被认为是一个富有的奴隶主。
He owned two or three farms, and about thirty slaves.
他拥有两三个农场和大约三十名奴隶。
His farms and slaves were under the care of an overseer.
他的农场和奴隶都由监工看管。
The overseer’s name was Plummer.
监督者的名字叫普卢默。
Mr. Plummer was a miserable drunkard, a profane swearer, and a savage monster.
普卢默先生是一个悲惨的酒鬼、一个亵渎的脏话者和一个野蛮的怪物。
He always went armed with a cowskin and a heavy cudgel.
他总是带着牛皮和重棍。
I have known him to cut and slash the women’s heads so horribly, that even master would be enraged at his cruelty, and would threaten to whip him if he did not mind himself.
我就知道他把女人的头砍得那么厉害，连师父都会对他的残忍感到愤怒，如果他不介意的话，就会威胁要鞭打他。
Master, however, was not a humane slaveholder.
然而，主人并不是一个人道的奴隶主。
It required extraordinary barbarity on the part of an overseer to affect him.
监督者必须表现出非同寻常的野蛮行为才能影响到他。
He was a cruel man, hardened by a long life of slaveholding.
他是一个残忍的人，因长期的奴隶制而变得冷酷无情。
He would at times seem to take great pleasure in whipping a slave.
有时他似乎很乐意鞭打奴隶。
I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood.
我经常在黎明时分被我姨妈最令人心碎的尖叫声吵醒，他常常把她绑在托梁上，抽打她赤裸的背部，直到她浑身是血。
No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose.
他血淋淋的受害者没有任何言语、眼泪、祈祷，似乎无法动摇他铁石心肠的血腥目的。
The louder she screamed, the harder he whipped; and where the blood ran fastest, there he whipped longest.
她叫得越大声，他就鞭打得越用力。血流得最快的地方，他鞭打的时间也最长。
He would whip her to make her scream, and whip her to make her hush; and not until overcome by fatigue, would he cease to swing the blood-clotted cowskin.
他会鞭打她，让她尖叫，也会鞭打她，让她安静下来。直到疲惫不堪，他才停止挥舞那张沾满血迹的牛皮。
I remember the first time I ever witnessed this horrible exhibition.
我记得我第一次目睹这个可怕的展览。
I was quite a child, but I well remember it.
我当时还是个小孩子，但我记得很清楚。
I never shall forget it whilst I remember any thing.
当我记得任何事情时，我永远不会忘记它。
It was the first of a long series of such outrages, of which I was doomed to be a witness and a participant.
这是一系列此类暴行中的第一起，我注定是其中的见证者和参与者。
It struck me with awful force.
它以可怕的力量击中了我。
It was the blood-stained gate, the entrance to the hell of slavery, through which I was about to pass.
那是我即将穿过的血迹斑斑的大门，奴隶地狱的入口。
It was a most terrible spectacle.
这是一个最可怕的景象。
I wish I could commit to paper the feelings with which I beheld it.
我希望我能把我看到它时的感受写下来。
This occurrence took place very soon after I went to live with my old master, and under the following circumstances.
这件事发生在我搬去和我的老主人一起住后不久，并且是在以下情况下发生的。
Aunt Hester went out one night,—where or for what I do not know,—and happened to be absent when my master desired her presence.
一天晚上，海丝特姨妈出去了——我不知道去哪里，也不知道为了什么——当我的主人想要她出现时，她碰巧不在。
He had ordered her not to go out evenings, and warned her that she must never let him catch her in company with a young man, who was paying attention to her belonging to Colonel Lloyd.
他命令她晚上不要出去，并警告她绝对不能让他发现她和一个年轻人在一起，因为这个年轻人正在注意她属于劳埃德上校的东西。
The young man’s name was Ned Roberts, generally called Lloyd’s Ned.
这个年轻人的名字叫内德·罗伯茨，通常被称为劳埃德的内德。
Why master was so careful of her, may be safely left to conjecture.
主人为何对她如此小心，我们可以放心地猜测。
She was a woman of noble form, and of graceful proportions, having very few equals, and fewer superiors, in personal appearance, among the colored or white women of our neighborhood.
她是一位身材高贵、身材匀称的女性，在我们附近的有色人种或白人女性中，就个人外表而言，很少有人能与她相媲美，也很少有比她更优秀的人。
Aunt Hester had not only disobeyed his orders in going out, but had been found in company with Lloyd’s Ned; which circumstance, I found, from what he said while whipping her, was the chief offence.
海丝特姨妈不仅违抗了他的命令外出，还被发现与劳埃德的内德在一起。从他鞭打她时所说的话中，我发现这种情况才是主要的过错。
Had he been a man of pure morals himself, he might have been thought interested in protecting the innocence of my aunt; but those who knew him will not suspect him of any such virtue.
如果他本身是一个道德纯洁的人，人们可能会认为他有兴趣保护我姨妈的清白；但认识他的人不会怀疑他有这样的美德。
Before he commenced whipping Aunt Hester, he took her into the kitchen, and stripped her from neck to waist, leaving her neck, shoulders, and back, entirely naked.
在开始鞭打海丝特姨妈之前，他把她带进厨房，把她从脖子到腰部的衣服都脱光了，让她的脖子、肩膀和背部完全赤裸。
He then told her to cross her hands, calling her at the same time a d——d b—-h.
然后他让她交叉双手，同时叫她“d——d b——h”。
After crossing her hands, he tied them with a strong rope, and led her to a stool under a large hook in the joist, put in for the purpose.
交叉她的双手后，他用一根结实的绳子把它们绑起来，然后把她领到托梁上一个大钩子下的一张凳子上，这是专门放的。
He made her get upon the stool, and tied her hands to the hook.
他让她坐到凳子上，把她的双手绑在钩子上。
She now stood fair for his infernal purpose.
她现在为他的邪恶目的辩护了。
Her arms were stretched up at their full length, so that she stood upon the ends of her toes.
她的手臂完全伸直，这样她就可以用脚趾尖站立。
He then said to her, “Now, you d——d b—-h, I’ll learn you how to disobey my orders!” and after rolling up his sleeves, he commenced to lay on the heavy cowskin, and soon the warm, red blood (amid heart-rending shrieks from her, and horrid oaths from him) came dripping to the floor.
然后他对她说道：“现在，你这个混蛋，我来教你如何违抗我的命令！”他卷起袖子，开始躺在厚重的牛皮上，很快，温暖的红色血液（在她令人心碎的尖叫声和他可怕的咒骂声中）滴到了地板上。
I was so terrified and horror-stricken at the sight, that I hid myself in a closet, and dared not venture out till long after the bloody transaction was over.
我见状，吓得魂飞魄散，躲在壁橱里，直到血腥的交易结束很久才敢出去。
I expected it would be my turn next.
我原以为下一个就轮到我了。
It was all new to me.
这对我来说都是新的。
I had never seen any thing like it before.
我以前从未见过类似的东西。
I had always lived with my grandmother on the outskirts of the plantation, where she was put to raise the children of the younger women.
我一直和祖母住在种植园的郊区，她被安排在那里抚养年轻妇女的孩子。
I had therefore been, until now, out of the way of the bloody scenes that often occurred on the plantation.
因此，直到现在，我才远离了种植园里经常发生的血腥场面。
CHAPTER II
第二章
My master’s family consisted of two sons, Andrew and Richard; one daughter, Lucretia, and her husband, Captain Thomas Auld.
我主人的家庭有两个儿子，安德鲁和理查德。一个女儿卢克丽霞（Lucretia）和她的丈夫托马斯·奥尔德（Thomas Auld）上尉。
They lived in one house, upon the home plantation of Colonel Edward Lloyd.
他们住在爱德华·劳埃德上校的家庭种植园里的一所房子里。
My master was Colonel Lloyd’s clerk and superintendent.
我的主人是劳埃德上校的职员兼主管。
He was what might be called the overseer of the overseers.
他可以被称为监督者中的监督者。
I spent two years of childhood on this plantation in my old master’s family.
我在老主人家的这个种植园里度过了两年的童年。
It was here that I witnessed the bloody transaction recorded in the first chapter; and as I received my first impressions of slavery on this plantation, I will give some description of it, and of slavery as it there existed.
正是在这里，我目睹了第一章中记载的血腥交易；当我对这个种植园的奴隶制有了第一印象时，我将对它以及那里存在的奴隶制进行一些描述。
The plantation is about twelve miles north of Easton, in Talbot county, and is situated on the border of Miles River.
该种植园位于塔尔伯特县伊斯顿以北约 12 英里处，位于迈尔斯河的边界。
The principal products raised upon it were tobacco, corn, and wheat.
其种植的主要产品是烟草、玉米和小麦。
These were raised in great abundance; so that, with the products of this and the other farms belonging to him, he was able to keep in almost constant employment a large sloop, in carrying them to market at Baltimore.
这些动物被大量饲养。因此，凭借这个农场和其他农场的产品，他几乎可以一直使用一艘大单桅帆船，将它们运往巴尔的摩的市场。
This sloop was named Sally Lloyd, in honor of one of the colonel’s daughters.
这艘单桅帆船被命名为莎莉·劳埃德（Sally Lloyd），以纪念上校的一位女儿。
My master’s son-in-law, Captain Auld, was master of the vessel; she was otherwise manned by the colonel’s own slaves.
我主人的女婿奥尔德船长是这艘船的船长。除此之外，她由上校自己的奴隶看管。
Their names were Peter, Isaac, Rich, and Jake.
他们的名字是彼得、艾萨克、里奇和杰克。
These were esteemed very highly by the other slaves, and looked upon as the privileged ones of the plantation; for it was no small affair, in the eyes of the slaves, to be allowed to see Baltimore.
这些人受到其他奴隶的高度尊敬，并被视为种植园的特权人士。因为在奴隶们看来，获准参观巴尔的摩并不是一件小事。
Colonel Lloyd kept from three to four hundred slaves on his home plantation, and owned a large number more on the neighboring farms belonging to him.
劳埃德上校在他的家乡种植园里饲养着三到四百名奴隶，并在附近属于他的农场里拥有更多奴隶。
The names of the farms nearest to the home plantation were Wye Town and New Design.
距离家乡种植园最近的农场名称是怀伊镇和新设计。
“Wye Town” was under the overseership of a man named Noah Willis.
“怀伊镇”由诺亚·威利斯 (Noah Willis) 负责管理。
New Design was under the overseership of a Mr. Townsend.
新设计公司是在汤森先生的监督下进行的。
The overseers of these, and all the rest of the farms, numbering over twenty, received advice and direction from the managers of the home plantation.
这些农场以及所有其他农场的监督员人数超过二十人，他们接受了家庭种植园管理者的建议和指导。
This was the great business place.
这是很棒的商业场所。
It was the seat of government for the whole twenty farms.
它是整个二十个农场的政府所在地。
All disputes among the overseers were settled here.
监事之间的所有纠纷都在这里解决。
If a slave was convicted of any high misdemeanor, became unmanageable, or evinced a determination to run away, he was brought immediately here, severely whipped, put on board the sloop, carried to Baltimore, and sold to Austin Woolfolk, or some other slave-trader, as a warning to the slaves remaining.
如果一个奴隶被判犯有任何严重的轻罪，变得难以管理，或者表现出逃跑的决心，他就会立即被带到这里，受到严厉的鞭打，然后被放在单桅帆船上，带到巴尔的摩，然后卖给奥斯汀·沃尔福克或其他一些奴隶贩子，作为对剩下的奴隶的警告。
Here, too, the slaves of all the other farms received their monthly allowance of food, and their yearly clothing.
在这里，所有其他农场的奴隶也得到了每月的食物津贴和每年的衣服。
The men and women slaves received, as their monthly allowance of food, eight pounds of pork, or its equivalent in fish, and one bushel of corn meal.
男女奴隶每月的食物津贴是八磅猪肉或相当于鱼的重量，以及一蒲式耳玉米粉。
Their yearly clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts, one pair of linen trousers, like the shirts, one jacket, one pair of trousers for winter, made of coarse negro cloth, one pair of stockings, and one pair of shoes; the whole of which could not have cost more than seven dollars.
他们每年的服装包括两件粗麻衬衫、一条与衬衫一样的麻裤、一件夹克、一条用粗黑布制成的冬裤、一双长筒袜和一双鞋。全部费用不会超过七美元。
The allowance of the slave children was given to their mothers, or the old women having the care of them.
奴隶子女的零用钱是给他们的母亲或照顾他们的老妇人的。
The children unable to work in the field had neither shoes, stockings, jackets, nor trousers, given to them; their clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts per year.
无法下地干活的孩子们没有得到鞋子、袜子、夹克和裤子；他们的衣服每年包括两件粗亚麻衬衫。
When these failed them, they went naked until the next allowance-day.
当这些失败时，他们就赤身裸体，直到下一个津贴日。
Children from seven to ten years old, of both sexes, almost naked, might be seen at all seasons of the year.
一年四季都可以看到七岁到十岁的儿童，无论男女，几乎赤身裸体。
There were no beds given the slaves, unless one coarse blanket be considered such, and none but the men and women had these.
没有给奴隶提供床铺，除非一张粗毯子被认为是这样的，除了男人和女人之外，没有人拥有这些床铺。
This, however, is not considered a very great privation.
然而，这并不被认为是一种很大的匮乏。
They find less difficulty from the want of beds, than from the want of time to sleep; for when their day’s work in the field is done, the most of them having their washing, mending, and cooking to do, and having few or none of the ordinary facilities for doing either of these, very many of their sleeping hours are consumed in preparing for the field the coming day; and when this is done, old and young, male and female, married and single, drop down side by side, on one common bed,—the cold, damp floor,—each covering himself or herself with their miserable blankets; and here they sleep till they are summoned to the field by the driver’s horn.
他们发现缺少床位比缺乏睡眠时间更困难。因为当他们一天的田间工作结束后，他们中的大多数人都要去洗衣服、缝补和做饭，而几乎没有或没有任何普通设施来完成这些工作，他们的大部分睡眠时间都花在为第二天的田地做准备上。当这一切完成后，无论老少，男性还是女性，已婚还是单身，都并排躺在一张共用的床上——寒冷潮湿的地板上——每个人都用破烂的毯子盖住自己。他们就在这里睡觉，直到司机按喇叭将他们召唤到田野。
At the sound of this, all must rise, and be off to the field.
听到此声，所有人都必须起身，前往战场。
There must be no halting; every one must be at his or her post; and woe betides them who hear not this morning summons to the field; for if they are not awakened by the sense of hearing, they are by the sense of feeling: no age nor sex finds any favor.
不得有任何停顿；每个人都必须坚守在自己的岗位上；那些没有听到今天早上去战场的召唤的人有祸了。因为如果他们不是被听觉唤醒的，那么他们就是被感觉唤醒的：无论年龄还是性别都不受青睐。
Mr. Severe, the overseer, used to stand by the door of the quarter, armed with a large hickory stick and heavy cowskin, ready to whip any one who was so unfortunate as not to hear, or, from any other cause, was prevented from being ready to start for the field at the sound of the horn.
监工塞维尔先生常常站在小区门口，手持一根大山核桃木棍和厚重的牛皮，随时准备鞭打任何不幸没有听到声音的人，或者由于任何其他原因而无法在号角声响起时出发前往田野的人。
Mr. Severe was rightly named: he was a cruel man.
严厉先生的名字名副其实：他是一个残忍的人。
I have seen him whip a woman, causing the blood to run half an hour at the time; and this, too, in the midst of her crying children, pleading for their mother’s release.
我见过他鞭打一个女人，当时他的血就流了半个小时；这也是在她哭泣的孩子们中间，恳求释放他们的母亲。
He seemed to take pleasure in manifesting his fiendish barbarity.
他似乎很高兴表现出他的凶残野蛮。
Added to his cruelty, he was a profane swearer.
除了残忍之外，他还是一个亵渎的咒骂者。
It was enough to chill the blood and stiffen the hair of an ordinary man to hear him talk.
一个普通人听到他说话就足以让人毛骨悚然。
Scarce a sentence escaped him but that was commenced or concluded by some horrid oath.
他几乎没有一句话逃过，但那都是以某种可怕的誓言开始或结束的。
The field was the place to witness his cruelty and profanity.
球场是见证他的残忍和亵渎的地方。
His presence made it both the field of blood and of blasphemy.
他的存在使得这里既成为血腥之地，又成为亵渎之地。
From the rising till the going down of the sun, he was cursing, raving, cutting, and slashing among the slaves of the field, in the most frightful manner.
从日出到日落，他在田野的奴隶中咒骂、胡言乱语、砍杀、砍杀，方式极其可怕。
His career was short.
他的职业生涯很短暂。
He died very soon after I went to Colonel Lloyd’s; and he died as he lived, uttering, with his dying groans, bitter curses and horrid oaths.
我去劳埃德上校家后不久他就去世了。他临终前发出痛苦的咒骂和可怕的誓言，像他活着时那样死去。
His death was regarded by the slaves as the result of a merciful providence.
奴隶们认为他的死是仁慈的天意的结果。
Mr. Severe’s place was filled by a Mr. Hopkins.
西维尔先生的位置由霍普金斯先生填补。
He was a very different man.
他是一个非常不同的人。
He was less cruel, less profane, and made less noise, than Mr. Severe.
与严厉先生相比，他不那么残忍，不那么亵渎，也不那么吵闹。
His course was characterized by no extraordinary demonstrations of cruelty.
他的行为并没有表现出异常的残忍。
He whipped, but seemed to take no pleasure in it.
他鞭打着，但似乎并不感到高兴。
He was called by the slaves a good overseer.
奴隶们称他为好监督者。
The home plantation of Colonel Lloyd wore the appearance of a country village.
劳埃德上校的家乡种植园看上去就像一个乡村。
All the mechanical operations for all the farms were performed here.
所有农场的所有机械操作都在这里进行。
The shoemaking and mending, the blacksmithing, cartwrighting, coopering, weaving, and grain-grinding, were all performed by the slaves on the home plantation.
制鞋、修补、铁匠、车工、制桶、编织和磨谷，全都是由奴隶在家庭种植园里完成的。
The whole place wore a business-like aspect very unlike the neighboring farms.
整个地方充满了商业气息，与邻近的农场非常不同。
The number of houses, too, conspired to give it advantage over the neighboring farms.
房屋的数量也使其比邻近的农场更具优势。
It was called by the slaves the _Great House Farm._ Few privileges were esteemed higher, by the slaves of the out-farms, than that of being selected to do errands at the Great House Farm.
它被奴隶们称为“大屋农场”。对于外农场的奴隶来说，没有什么特权比被选去大屋农场办事的特权更高了。
It was associated in their minds with greatness.
在他们的心目中，它与伟大联系在一起。
A representative could not be prouder of his election to a seat in the American Congress, than a slave on one of the out-farms would be of his election to do errands at the Great House Farm.
一位代表为自己当选美国国会席位而感到自豪，就像一个农场的奴隶为自己当选到大屋农场办事而感到自豪一样。
They regarded it as evidence of great confidence reposed in them by their overseers; and it was on this account, as well as a constant desire to be out of the field from under the driver’s lash, that they esteemed it a high privilege, one worth careful living for.
他们认为这是监督者对他们极大信任的证据。正是由于这个原因，以及不断渴望摆脱驾驶员鞭打下的田野，他们认为这是一种崇高的特权，值得为之小心翼翼地生活。
He was called the smartest and most trusty fellow, who had this honor conferred upon him the most frequently.
他被称为最聪明、最值得信赖的人，也是最常获得这一荣誉的人。
The competitors for this office sought as diligently to please their overseers, as the office-seekers in the political parties seek to please and deceive the people.
这个职位的竞争者竭尽全力取悦他们的监督者，就像政党中的谋求职位的人寻求取悦和欺骗人民一样。
The same traits of character might be seen in Colonel Lloyd’s slaves, as are seen in the slaves of the political parties.
在劳埃德上校的奴隶身上也可以看到同样的性格特征，就像在政党的奴隶身上看到的那样。
The slaves selected to go to the Great House Farm, for the monthly allowance for themselves and their fellow-slaves, were peculiarly enthusiastic.
那些选择去大屋农场为自己和其他奴隶领取每月津贴的奴隶们都特别热情。
While on their way, they would make the dense old woods, for miles around, reverberate with their wild songs, revealing at once the highest joy and the deepest sadness.
在途中，他们会让方圆几英里茂密的古老树林回荡着他们狂野的歌声，同时流露出最高的欢乐和最深的悲伤。
They would compose and sing as they went along, consulting neither time nor tune.
他们边走边作曲、唱歌，既不考虑时间，也不考虑曲调。
The thought that came up, came out—if not in the word, in the sound;—and as frequently in the one as in the other.
出现的想法，就出来了——即使不是通过言语，也是通过声音；——并且在一个人中和在另一个人中一样频繁。
They would sometimes sing the most pathetic sentiment in the most rapturous tone, and the most rapturous sentiment in the most pathetic tone.
他们有时会用最悲喜的语气唱出最悲哀的情怀，又用最悲哀的声调唱出最悲情的情怀。
Into all of their songs they would manage to weave something of the Great House Farm.
他们将设法将大屋农场的一些东西融入到他们所有的歌曲中。
Especially would they do this, when leaving home.
尤其是当他们离开家时，他们会这样做。
They would then sing most exultingly the following words:—
然后他们会极其兴奋地唱出以下歌词：——
“I am going away to the Great House Farm!
“我要去大屋农场！
O, yea!
哦，是啊！
O, yea!
哦，是啊！
O!”
噢！
This they would sing, as a chorus, to words which to many would seem unmeaning jargon, but which, nevertheless, were full of meaning to themselves.
他们会以合唱的形式唱出这些对许多人来说似乎毫无意义的行话，但对他们来说却充满了意义。
I have sometimes thought that the mere hearing of those songs would do more to impress some minds with the horrible character of slavery, than the reading of whole volumes of philosophy on the subject could do.
我有时想，仅仅听这些歌曲就比阅读关于这个主题的整本哲学卷更能让一些人对奴隶制的可怕特征留下深刻的印象。
I did not, when a slave, understand the deep meaning of those rude and apparently incoherent songs.
当我还是一个奴隶时，我并不理解那些粗鲁且明显语无伦次的歌曲的深层含义。
I was myself within the circle; so that I neither saw nor heard as those without might see and hear.
我就是圈子里的我自己；因此，我既看不到也听不到，就像那些外人可能看到和听到的那样。
They told a tale of woe which was then altogether beyond my feeble comprehension; they were tones loud, long, and deep; they breathed the prayer and complaint of souls boiling over with the bitterest anguish.
他们讲述了一个悲惨的故事，当时我完全无法理解这个故事。它们的音调响亮、悠长、深沉。他们呼吸着因最痛苦的痛苦而沸腾的灵魂的祈祷和抱怨。
Every tone was a testimony against slavery, and a prayer to God for deliverance from chains.
每一个音调都是反对奴隶制的见证，都是向上帝祈求从枷锁中解脱出来的祈祷。
The hearing of those wild notes always depressed my spirit, and filled me with ineffable sadness.
听到那些狂野的音符总是让我的精神压抑，让我充满了难以言喻的悲伤。
I have frequently found myself in tears while hearing them.
我经常在听到他们的声音时流泪。
The mere recurrence to those songs, even now, afflicts me; and while I am writing these lines, an expression of feeling has already found its way down my cheek.
即使是现在，只要一想起这些歌曲，我就感到痛苦。当我写下这些文字时，一种感情的表情已经从我的脸颊上流了下来。
To those songs I trace my first glimmering conception of the dehumanizing character of slavery.
从这些歌曲中，我勾勒出我对奴隶制非人性特征的第一个初步概念。
I can never get rid of that conception.
我永远无法摆脱这个想法。
Those songs still follow me, to deepen my hatred of slavery, and quicken my sympathies for my brethren in bonds.
这些歌曲仍然伴随着我，加深了我对奴隶制的仇恨，并加深了我对束缚中的弟兄的同情。
If any one wishes to be impressed with the soul-killing effects of slavery, let him go to Colonel Lloyd’s plantation, and, on allowance-day, place himself in the deep pine woods, and there let him, in silence, analyze the sounds that shall pass through the chambers of his soul,—and if he is not thus impressed, it will only be because “there is no flesh in his obdurate heart.”
如果有人希望对奴隶制毁灭灵魂的影响留下深刻的印象，就让他去劳埃德上校的种植园，在津贴日，将自己置身于松树林深处，让他静静地分析穿过他灵魂深处的声音，——如果他没有这样的印象，那只是因为“他顽固的心里没有肉”。
I have often been utterly astonished, since I came to the north, to find persons who could speak of the singing, among slaves, as evidence of their contentment and happiness.
自从我来到北方后，我常常感到非常惊讶，发现奴隶中有人会唱歌，以此作为他们满足和幸福的证据。
It is impossible to conceive of a greater mistake.
不可能想象出比这更大的错误了。
Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy.
奴隶在最不高兴的时候唱得最多。
The songs of the slave represent the sorrows of his heart; and he is relieved by them, only as an aching heart is relieved by its tears.
奴隶的歌声代表了他内心的悲伤；他们让他松了口气，就像一颗疼痛的心因泪水而松了一口气一样。
At least, such is my experience.
至少，这是我的经历。
I have often sung to drown my sorrow, but seldom to express my happiness.
我常常唱歌来抒发我的悲伤，却很少表达我的快乐。
Crying for joy, and singing for joy, were alike uncommon to me while in the jaws of slavery.
在奴隶制的爪牙下，因喜悦而哭泣、因喜悦而歌唱，对我来说都是罕见的。
The singing of a man cast away upon a desolate island might be as appropriately considered as evidence of contentment and happiness, as the singing of a slave; the songs of the one and of the other are prompted by the same emotion.
一个被遗弃在荒岛上的人的歌声可以像奴隶的歌声一样被适当地视为满足和幸福的证据。一个人和另一个人的歌曲都是由相同的情感所激发的。
CHAPTER III
第三章
Colonel Lloyd kept a large and finely cultivated garden, which afforded almost constant employment for four men, besides the chief gardener, (Mr. M’Durmond.) This garden was probably the greatest attraction of the place.
劳埃德上校拥有一座精心栽培的大花园，除了首席园丁（M’Durmond 先生）之外，它几乎为四个人提供了持续的工作。这个花园可能是这个地方最吸引人的地方。
During the summer months, people came from far and near—from Baltimore, Easton, and Annapolis—to see it.
在夏季的几个月里，人们从远近各地——巴尔的摩、伊斯顿和安纳波利斯——前来观看。
It abounded in fruits of almost every description, from the hardy apple of the north to the delicate orange of the south.
这里盛产几乎各种水果，从北方耐寒的苹果到南方精致的橙子。
This garden was not the least source of trouble on the plantation.
这个花园并不是种植园中最不麻烦的根源。
Its excellent fruit was quite a temptation to the hungry swarms of boys, as well as the older slaves, belonging to the colonel, few of whom had the virtue or the vice to resist it.
它的优质果实对成群结队的饥饿男孩和属于上校的年长奴隶来说是一个很大的诱惑，他们中很少有人有道德或恶习来抗拒它。
Scarcely a day passed, during the summer, but that some slave had to take the lash for stealing fruit.
夏天的时候，几乎没有一天，某个奴隶因为偷水果而受到鞭打。
The colonel had to resort to all kinds of stratagems to keep his slaves out of the garden.
上校不得不使出各种计谋，不让他的奴隶进入花园。
The last and most successful one was that of tarring his fence all around; after which, if a slave was caught with any tar upon his person, it was deemed sufficient proof that he had either been into the garden, or had tried to get in.
最后一次也是最成功的一次是在他的栅栏周围涂上柏油。此后，如果一个奴隶被发现身上有任何焦油，就被认为是他曾经进入花园或试图进入花园的充分证据。
In either case, he was severely whipped by the chief gardener.
不管怎样，他都遭到园丁长的严厉鞭打。
This plan worked well; the slaves became as fearful of tar as of the lash.
这个计划很有效；奴隶们变得像害怕鞭子一样害怕焦油。
They seemed to realize the impossibility of touching _tar_ without being defiled.
他们似乎意识到触摸焦油而不被玷污是不可能的。
The colonel also kept a splendid riding equipage.
上校还拥有一套出色的骑马装备。
His stable and carriage-house presented the appearance of some of our large city livery establishments.
他的马厩和马车房呈现出我们一些大城市马车店的外观。
His horses were of the finest form and noblest blood.
他的马拥有最优良的体态和最高贵的血统。
His carriage-house contained three splendid coaches, three or four gigs, besides dearborns and barouches of the most fashionable style.
他的马车房里有三辆华丽的马车，三四辆马车，还有最时尚风格的迪尔伯恩车和巴鲁车。
This establishment was under the care of two slaves—old Barney and young Barney—father and son.
这个建筑由两个奴隶——老巴尼和年轻巴尼——父子照管。
To attend to this establishment was their sole work.
参加这个机构是他们唯一的工作。
But it was by no means an easy employment; for in nothing was Colonel Lloyd more particular than in the management of his horses.
但这绝不是一份轻松的工作。因为劳埃德上校在管理他的马匹方面最讲究。
The slightest inattention to these was unpardonable, and was visited upon those, under whose care they were placed, with the severest punishment; no excuse could shield them, if the colonel only suspected any want of attention to his horses—a supposition which he frequently indulged, and one which, of course, made the office of old and young Barney a very trying one.
对这些物品稍有疏忽都是不可原谅的，那些照顾它们的人会受到最严厉的惩罚。如果上校只是怀疑有人对他的马匹缺乏关注，那么没有任何借口可以保护他们——他经常沉迷于这种假设，当然，这种假设使老巴尼和年轻巴尼的办公室变得非常艰难。
They never knew when they were safe from punishment.
他们永远不知道什么时候他们可以免受惩罚。
They were frequently whipped when least deserving, and escaped whipping when most deserving it.
他们常常在最不该受鞭打的时候受到鞭打，而在最该受鞭打的时候却逃脱了鞭打。
Every thing depended upon the looks of the horses, and the state of Colonel Lloyd’s own mind when his horses were brought to him for use.
一切都取决于马匹的外观，以及当劳埃德上校的马匹被带到他那里使用时他自己的心态。
If a horse did not move fast enough, or hold his head high enough, it was owing to some fault of his keepers.
如果一匹马跑得不够快，或者把头抬得不够高，那是因为它的饲养员犯了一些错误。
It was painful to stand near the stable-door, and hear the various complaints against the keepers when a horse was taken out for use.
当一匹马被拿出来使用时，站在马厩门附近，听到对饲养员的各种抱怨是很痛苦的。
“This horse has not had proper attention.
“这匹马没有得到适当的关注。
He has not been sufficiently rubbed and curried, or he has not been properly fed; his food was too wet or too dry; he got it too soon or too late; he was too hot or too cold; he had too much hay, and not enough of grain; or he had too much grain, and not enough of hay; instead of old Barney’s attending to the horse, he had very improperly left it to his son.” To all these complaints, no matter how unjust, the slave must answer never a word.
他没有得到充分的摩擦和咖喱，或者他没有得到适当的喂养；他的食物太湿或太干；他明白得太早或太晚；他太热或太冷；他的干草太多，谷物却不够；或者他有太多的谷物，而没有足够的干草；老巴尼没有照顾这匹马，而是非常不恰当地将它留给了他的儿子。”对于所有这些抱怨，无论多么不公正，奴隶都必须一言不发。
Colonel Lloyd could not brook any contradiction from a slave.
劳埃德上校不能容忍奴隶提出任何反驳。
When he spoke, a slave must stand, listen, and tremble; and such was literally the case.
当他说话时，奴隶必须站着、听、浑身颤抖；事实确实如此。
I have seen Colonel Lloyd make old Barney, a man between fifty and sixty years of age, uncover his bald head, kneel down upon the cold, damp ground, and receive upon his naked and toil-worn shoulders more than thirty lashes at the time.
我曾亲眼目睹劳埃德上校让五十岁到六十岁的老巴尼揭开光头，跪在寒冷潮湿的地面上，当时他赤裸的、劳累不堪的肩膀上挨了三十多下鞭打。
Colonel Lloyd had three sons—Edward, Murray, and Daniel,—and three sons-in-law, Mr. Winder, Mr. Nicholson, and Mr. Lowndes.
劳埃德上校有三个儿子——爱德华、默里和丹尼尔，以及三个女婿：温德先生、尼科尔森先生和朗兹先生。
All of these lived at the Great House Farm, and enjoyed the luxury of whipping the servants when they pleased, from old Barney down to William Wilkes, the coach-driver.
所有这些人都住在大屋农场，享受着随心所欲地鞭打仆人的奢侈，从老巴尼到马车司机威廉·威尔克斯。
I have seen Winder make one of the house-servants stand off from him a suitable distance to be touched with the end of his whip, and at every stroke raise great ridges upon his back.
我曾见过温德让一名仆人与他保持适当的距离，以便用他的鞭子触碰他，每抽一下，他的背上都会竖起巨大的脊梁。
To describe the wealth of Colonel Lloyd would be almost equal to describing the riches of Job.
描述劳埃德上校的财富几乎等于描述约伯的财富。
He kept from ten to fifteen house-servants.
他有十到十五名仆人。
He was said to own a thousand slaves, and I think this estimate quite within the truth.
据说他拥有一千名奴隶，我认为这个估计完全符合事实。
Colonel Lloyd owned so many that he did not know them when he saw them; nor did all the slaves of the out-farms know him.
劳埃德上校拥有如此多的东西，以至于当他看到它们时，他都不认识它们了。农场外的奴隶也不都认识他。
It is reported of him, that, while riding along the road one day, he met a colored man, and addressed him in the usual manner of speaking to colored people on the public highways of the south: “Well, boy, whom do you belong to?” “To Colonel Lloyd,” replied the slave.
据报道，有一天，他在路上骑行时遇到了一名黑人，他用南方公路上对黑人说话的惯常方式对他说：“好吧，孩子，你属于谁？” “劳埃德上校，”奴隶回答道。
“Well, does the colonel treat you well?” “No, sir,” was the ready reply.
“怎么样，上校对你好吗？” “不，先生，”这是现成的回答。
“What, does he work you too hard?” “Yes, sir.” “Well, don’t he give you enough to eat?” “Yes, sir, he gives me enough, such as it is.”
“怎么，他是不是让你太辛苦了？” “是的，先生。” “那他给你吃的还不够吗？” “是的，先生，他给我的已经足够了，就这样吧。”
The colonel, after ascertaining where the slave belonged, rode on; the man also went on about his business, not dreaming that he had been conversing with his master.
上校查明奴隶的位置后，继续骑马前行。那人也继续忙自己的事，没想到自己正在和自己的主人交谈。
He thought, said, and heard nothing more of the matter, until two or three weeks afterwards.
直到两三个星期后，他才想起、说过、也没有听到更多关于这件事的消息。
The poor man was then informed by his overseer that, for having found fault with his master, he was now to be sold to a Georgia trader.
然后，这个可怜的人被他的监工告知，由于他对他的主人挑剔，他现在将被卖给乔治亚州的一位商人。
He was immediately chained and handcuffed; and thus, without a moment’s warning, he was snatched away, and forever sundered, from his family and friends, by a hand more unrelenting than death.
他立即被锁住并戴上手铐；就这样，在没有任何警告的情况下，他被一只比死亡更无情的手夺走了，并与家人和朋友永远分离。
This is the penalty of telling the truth, of telling the simple truth, in answer to a series of plain questions.
这是说真话、说简单的真话、回答一系列简单问题的惩罚。
It is partly in consequence of such facts, that slaves, when inquired of as to their condition and the character of their masters, almost universally say they are contented, and that their masters are kind.
部分由于这些事实，奴隶在被问及他们的状况和主人的性格时，几乎普遍说他们很满足，而且他们的主人很友善。
The slaveholders have been known to send in spies among their slaves, to ascertain their views and feelings in regard to their condition.
众所周知，奴隶主会在他们的奴隶中派遣间谍，以确定他们对自己状况的看法和感受。
The frequency of this has had the effect to establish among the slaves the maxim, that a still tongue makes a wise head.
这种情况的频繁出现，在奴隶中树立了这样一条格言：沉默寡言，头脑聪明。
They suppress the truth rather than take the consequences of telling it, and in so doing prove themselves a part of the human family.
他们压制真相，而不是承担说出真相的后果，并以此证明自己是人类大家庭的一部分。
If they have any thing to say of their masters, it is generally in their masters’ favor, especially when speaking to an untried man.
如果他们对主人有什么话要说的话，通常都是对主人有利的，尤其是在与一个未经考验的人说话时。
I have been frequently asked, when a slave, if I had a kind master, and do not remember ever to have given a negative answer; nor did I, in pursuing this course, consider myself as uttering what was absolutely false; for I always measured the kindness of my master by the standard of kindness set up among slaveholders around us.
当我还是奴隶时，经常有人问我是否有一个仁慈的主人，但我不记得曾经给出过否定的答案。在采取这种做法时，我也不认为自己所说的话绝对是错误的。因为我总是用我们周围奴隶主的仁慈标准来衡量我主人的仁慈。
Moreover, slaves are like other people, and imbibe prejudices quite common to others.
此外，奴隶和其他人一样，也会吸收其他人很常见的偏见。
They think their own better than that of others.
他们认为自己比别人更好。
Many, under the influence of this prejudice, think their own masters are better than the masters of other slaves; and this, too, in some cases, when the very reverse is true.
许多人在这种偏见的影响下，认为自己的主人比其他奴隶的主人更好；在某些情况下，情况恰恰相反，也是如此。
Indeed, it is not uncommon for slaves even to fall out and quarrel among themselves about the relative goodness of their masters, each contending for the superior goodness of his own over that of the others.
事实上，奴隶们甚至为了主人的相对善良而发生争吵，争吵不休，每个人都在争夺自己比其他人优越的善良，这种情况并不少见。
At the very same time, they mutually execrate their masters when viewed separately.
与此同时，当分开来看时，他们互相咒骂他们的主人。
It was so on our plantation.
我们的种植园也是如此。
When Colonel Lloyd’s slaves met the slaves of Jacob Jepson, they seldom parted without a quarrel about their masters; Colonel Lloyd’s slaves contending that he was the richest, and Mr. Jepson’s slaves that he was the smartest, and most of a man.
当劳埃德上校的奴隶遇到雅各布·杰普森的奴隶时，他们在离开时很少会不为主人争吵。劳埃德上校的奴隶们声称他是最富有的，杰普森先生的奴隶们则认为他是最聪明的，也是最有男子气概的。
Colonel Lloyd’s slaves would boast his ability to buy and sell Jacob Jepson.
劳埃德上校的奴隶们会吹嘘他有能力买卖雅各布·杰普森。
Mr. Jepson’s slaves would boast his ability to whip Colonel Lloyd.
杰普森先生的奴隶们会夸耀他鞭打劳埃德上校的能力。
These quarrels would almost always end in a fight between the parties, and those that whipped were supposed to have gained the point at issue.
这些争吵几乎总是以双方之间的争斗告终，而那些鞭打的人应该已经赢得了争论的焦点。
They seemed to think that the greatness of their masters was transferable to themselves.
他们似乎认为他们主人的伟大可以转移到他们自己身上。
It was considered as being bad enough to be a slave; but to be a poor man’s slave was deemed a disgrace indeed!
人们认为当奴隶已经够糟糕的了。但当一个穷人的奴隶确实被认为是一种耻辱！
CHAPTER IV
第四章
Mr. Hopkins remained but a short time in the office of overseer.
霍普金斯先生在监督办公室任职的时间很短。
Why his career was so short, I do not know, but suppose he lacked the necessary severity to suit Colonel Lloyd.
我不知道为什么他的职业生涯如此短暂，但我想他缺乏必要的严厉来适应劳埃德上校。
Mr. Hopkins was succeeded by Mr. Austin Gore, a man possessing, in an eminent degree, all those traits of character indispensable to what is called a first-rate overseer.
霍普金斯先生的继任者是奥斯汀·戈尔先生，他在很大程度上具备了所谓一流监督者所必需的所有品质。
Mr. Gore had served Colonel Lloyd, in the capacity of overseer, upon one of the out-farms, and had shown himself worthy of the high station of overseer upon the home or Great House Farm.
戈尔先生曾在一个农场担任监工，为劳埃德上校服务，并表现出自己配得上在家中或大屋农场担任监工的崇高职位。
Mr. Gore was proud, ambitious, and persevering.
戈尔先生自豪、雄心勃勃、坚持不懈。
He was artful, cruel, and obdurate.
他狡猾、残忍、顽固。
He was just the man for such a place, and it was just the place for such a man.
他正是适合这样一个地方的人，而这个地方也正是适合这样一个人的地方。
It afforded scope for the full exercise of all his powers, and he seemed to be perfectly at home in it.
它为他充分行使所有权力提供了空间，而且他似乎对此非常自在。
He was one of those who could torture the slightest look, word, or gesture, on the part of the slave, into impudence, and would treat it accordingly.
他是那种能够把奴隶最轻微的表情、言语或手势折磨得无礼的人，并会相应地对待它。
There must be no answering back to him; no explanation was allowed a slave, showing himself to have been wrongfully accused.
决不能回应他；奴隶没有任何解释，表明自己受到了错误的指控。
Mr. Gore acted fully up to the maxim laid down by slaveholders,—“It is better that a dozen slaves should suffer under the lash, than that the overseer should be convicted, in the presence of the slaves, of having been at fault.” No matter how innocent a slave might be—it availed him nothing, when accused by Mr. Gore of any misdemeanor.
戈尔先生的行为完全符合奴隶主定下的格言：“最好让十几个奴隶在鞭打下受苦，也比让监工在奴隶面前被判有罪要好。”无论一个奴隶多么无辜，当他被戈尔先生指控犯有任何轻罪时，这对他都没有任何帮助。
To be accused was to be convicted, and to be convicted was to be punished; the one always following the other with immutable certainty.
被指控就是被定罪，被定罪就是受到惩罚。一个总是以不变的确定性跟随另一个。
To escape punishment was to escape accusation; and few slaves had the fortune to do either, under the overseership of Mr. Gore.
逃避惩罚就是逃避指控；逃避惩罚就是逃避指控。在戈尔先生的监督下，很少有奴隶有幸做到这两点。
He was just proud enough to demand the most debasing homage of the slave, and quite servile enough to crouch, himself, at the feet of the master.
他只是骄傲地要求奴隶做出最卑鄙的敬意，而他又非常卑微地蹲在主人的脚下。
He was ambitious enough to be contented with nothing short of the highest rank of overseers, and persevering enough to reach the height of his ambition.
他雄心勃勃，足以满足于最高级别的监督者，并且有足够的毅力达到他的野心的高度。
He was cruel enough to inflict the severest punishment, artful enough to descend to the lowest trickery, and obdurate enough to be insensible to the voice of a reproving conscience.
他残忍到可以施加最严厉的惩罚，狡猾到可以使用最低级的诡计，顽固到对良心责备的声音麻木不仁。
He was, of all the overseers, the most dreaded by the slaves.
在所有监督者中，他是最令奴隶们畏惧的一个。
His presence was painful; his eye flashed confusion; and seldom was his sharp, shrill voice heard, without producing horror and trembling in their ranks.
他的存在令人痛苦。他的眼里闪过困惑的光芒。每当他发出尖利、刺耳的声音时，他们的队伍都会感到恐惧和颤抖。
Mr. Gore was a grave man, and, though a young man, he indulged in no jokes, said no funny words, seldom smiled.
戈尔先生是个严肃的人，虽然年轻，但他不开玩笑，不说有趣的话，很少微笑。
His words were in perfect keeping with his looks, and his looks were in perfect keeping with his words.
他的言语与他的外表完全一致，他的外表也与他的言语完美一致。
Overseers will sometimes indulge in a witty word, even with the slaves; not so with Mr. Gore.
监督有时会说些俏皮话，即使是对奴隶也是如此。戈尔先生则不然。
He spoke but to command, and commanded but to be obeyed; he dealt sparingly with his words, and bountifully with his whip, never using the former where the latter would answer as well.
他说话只是为了命令，命令只是为了被服从。他说话很谨慎，鞭子却很慷慨，在后者也会回应的时候，他从不使用前者。
When he whipped, he seemed to do so from a sense of duty, and feared no consequences.
当他鞭打时，他似乎是出于责任感，并且不担心后果。
He did nothing reluctantly, no matter how disagreeable; always at his post, never inconsistent.
他没有做任何不情愿的事，无论多么令人不快。始终坚守岗位，从不矛盾。
He never promised but to fulfil.
他从来不许诺，只是去实现。
He was, in a word, a man of the most inflexible firmness and stone-like coolness.
总而言之，他是一个极其不屈不挠的坚定和石头般冷静的人。
His savage barbarity was equalled only by the consummate coolness with which he committed the grossest and most savage deeds upon the slaves under his charge.
他对他手下的奴隶犯下最粗暴、最野蛮的行为，这与他的野蛮野蛮行为相媲美。
Mr. Gore once undertook to whip one of Colonel Lloyd’s slaves, by the name of Demby.
戈尔先生曾经鞭打劳埃德上校的一名奴隶，名叫登比。
He had given Demby but few stripes, when, to get rid of the scourging, he ran and plunged himself into a creek, and stood there at the depth of his shoulders, refusing to come out.
他只给登比打了几下，为了摆脱鞭打，他跑进一条小溪，站在齐肩深的地方，不肯出来。
Mr. Gore told him that he would give him three calls, and that, if he did not come out at the third call, he would shoot him.
戈尔先生告诉他，他将给他打三次电话，如果他在第三次电话时不出来，他就会开枪打死他。
The first call was given.
第一个电话打通了。
Demby made no response, but stood his ground.
登比没有回应，但坚持自己的立场。
The second and third calls were given with the same result.
第二次和第三次调用的结果相同。
Mr. Gore then, without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no more.
然后，戈尔先生没有与任何人协商或深思熟虑，甚至没有再给登比打电话，就把步枪举到脸上，致命地瞄准了他站着的受害者，瞬间可怜的登比就消失了。
His mangled body sank out of sight, and blood and brains marked the water where he had stood.
他血肉模糊的身体沉入了视线之外，鲜血和脑浆在他站立的地方留下了痕迹。
A thrill of horror flashed through every soul upon the plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.
除了戈尔先生之外，种植园里的每个人都感到一阵恐惧。
He alone seemed cool and collected.
只有他一个人显得冷静而镇定。
He was asked by Colonel Lloyd and my old master, why he resorted to this extraordinary expedient.
劳埃德上校和我的老主人问他为什么要采取这种非同寻常的权宜之计。
His reply was, (as well as I can remember,) that Demby had become unmanageable.
他的回答是（据我所知），登比已经变得难以管理。
He was setting a dangerous example to the other slaves,—one which, if suffered to pass without some such demonstration on his part, would finally lead to the total subversion of all rule and order upon the plantation.
他正在给其他奴隶树立一个危险的榜样——如果他没有做出这样的示范，那么这个榜样最终将导致种植园所有规则和秩序的彻底颠覆。
He argued that if one slave refused to be corrected, and escaped with his life, the other slaves would soon copy the example; the result of which would be, the freedom of the slaves, and the enslavement of the whites.
他认为，如果一个奴隶拒绝被纠正并逃走，其他奴隶很快就会效仿；其结果将是奴隶的自由和白人的奴役。
Mr. Gore’s defence was satisfactory.
戈尔先生的辩护令人满意。
He was continued in his station as overseer upon the home plantation.
他继续担任家乡种植园的监督员。
His fame as an overseer went abroad.
他作为监督的名声传到了国外。
His horrid crime was not even submitted to judicial investigation.
他的可怕罪行甚至没有提交司法调查。
It was committed in the presence of slaves, and they of course could neither institute a suit, nor testify against him; and thus the guilty perpetrator of one of the bloodiest and most foul murders goes unwhipped of justice, and uncensured by the community in which he lives.
这是在奴隶在场的情况下犯下的，他们当然不能提起诉讼，也不能作证指控他；因此，犯下最血腥、最邪恶的谋杀案之一的犯罪者没有受到正义的惩罚，也没有受到他所居住的社区的谴责。
Mr. Gore lived in St. Michael’s, Talbot county, Maryland, when I left there; and if he is still alive, he very probably lives there now; and if so, he is now, as he was then, as highly esteemed and as much respected as though his guilty soul had not been stained with his brother’s blood.
当我离开马里兰州塔尔伯特县的圣迈克尔时，戈尔先生住在那儿。如果他还活着，他现在很可能就住在那里；如果是这样，那么他现在就和过去一样，受到高度的尊敬和尊重，就好像他有罪的灵魂没有沾染上他兄弟的鲜血一样。
I speak advisedly when I say this,—that killing a slave, or any colored person, in Talbot county, Maryland, is not treated as a crime, either by the courts or the community.
当我这么说时，我是经过深思熟虑的——在马里兰州塔尔伯特县杀害一名奴隶或任何有色人种，无论是法院还是社区都不会将其视为犯罪。
Mr. Thomas Lanman, of St. Michael’s, killed two slaves, one of whom he killed with a hatchet, by knocking his brains out.
圣迈克尔教堂的托马斯·兰曼先生杀死了两名奴隶，其中一名是他用斧头敲掉了他的大脑而杀死的。
He used to boast of the commission of the awful and bloody deed.
他曾经吹嘘自己犯下的可怕而血腥的罪行。
I have heard him do so laughingly, saying, among other things, that he was the only benefactor of his country in the company, and that when others would do as much as he had done, we should be relieved of “the d——d niggers.”
我听到他笑着说，除其他外，他是公司里唯一为国家做贡献的人，当其他人也能做他所做的事情时，我们应该摆脱“该死的黑鬼”。
The wife of Mr. Giles Hicks, living but a short distance from where I used to live, murdered my wife’s cousin, a young girl between fifteen and sixteen years of age, mangling her person in the most horrible manner, breaking her nose and breastbone with a stick, so that the poor girl expired in a few hours afterward.
贾尔斯·希克斯先生的妻子，住在离我以前住的地方不远的地方，谋杀了我妻子的表弟，一个十五岁到十六岁的年轻女孩，以最可怕的方式残害了她的身体，用棍子打断了她的鼻子和胸骨，以致这个可怜的女孩在几个小时后就死了。
She was immediately buried, but had not been in her untimely grave but a few hours before she was taken up and examined by the coroner, who decided that she had come to her death by severe beating.
她立即被埋葬，但并不是在过早的坟墓里，而是在几小时前，验尸官将她抱起来进行检查，验尸官认定她是因殴打致死的。
The offence for which this girl was thus murdered was this:—She had been set that night to mind Mrs. Hicks’s baby, and during the night she fell asleep, and the baby cried.
这个女孩被谋杀的罪名是这样的：——那天晚上她被安排照顾希克斯太太的孩子，晚上她睡着了，孩子哭了。
She, having lost her rest for several nights previous, did not hear the crying.
她前几天晚上没休息好，没有听到哭声。
They were both in the room with Mrs. Hicks.
他们都和希克斯太太一起在房间里。
Mrs. Hicks, finding the girl slow to move, jumped from her bed, seized an oak stick of wood by the fireplace, and with it broke the girl’s nose and breastbone, and thus ended her life.
希克斯夫人发现女孩行动缓慢，从床上跳下来，抓起壁炉旁的一根橡木棍，用它打断了女孩的鼻子和胸骨，从而结束了她的生命。
I will not say that this most horrid murder produced no sensation in the community.
我不会说这起最可怕的谋杀案在社会上没有引起任何轰动。
It did produce sensation, but not enough to bring the murderess to punishment.
它确实引起了轰动，但不足以将凶手绳之以法。
There was a warrant issued for her arrest, but it was never served.
对她发出了逮捕令，但从未送达。
Thus she escaped not only punishment, but even the pain of being arraigned before a court for her horrid crime.
因此，她不仅逃脱了惩罚，甚至还逃脱了因可怕的罪行而被提审的痛苦。
Whilst I am detailing bloody deeds which took place during my stay on Colonel Lloyd’s plantation, I will briefly narrate another, which occurred about the same time as the murder of Demby by Mr. Gore.
当我详细讲述我在劳埃德上校种植园逗留期间发生的血腥行为时，我将简要叙述另一起事件，该事件与戈尔先生谋杀登比的时间大致相同。
Colonel Lloyd’s slaves were in the habit of spending a part of their nights and Sundays in fishing for oysters, and in this way made up the deficiency of their scanty allowance.
劳埃德上校的奴隶们习惯于利用晚上和周日的一部分时间来捕捞牡蛎，以此来弥补他们微薄的津贴的不足。
An old man belonging to Colonel Lloyd, while thus engaged, happened to get beyond the limits of Colonel Lloyd’s, and on the premises of Mr. Beal Bondly.
劳埃德上校的一位老人在订婚期间，碰巧超出了劳埃德上校的范围，来到了比尔·邦德利先生的住所。
At this trespass, Mr. Bondly took offence, and with his musket came down to the shore, and blew its deadly contents into the poor old man.
邦德利先生对这种越轨行为很生气，他拿着步枪来到岸边，把里面致命的东西射到了可怜的老人身上。
Mr. Bondly came over to see Colonel Lloyd the next day, whether to pay him for his property, or to justify himself in what he had done, I know not.
第二天，邦德利先生过来见劳埃德上校，是否要支付他的财产费用，或者为自己的所作所为辩护，我不知道。
At any rate, this whole fiendish transaction was soon hushed up.
无论如何，这整个邪恶的交易很快就被平息了。
There was very little said about it at all, and nothing done.
对此，人们只字未提，也没有采取任何行动。
It was a common saying, even among little white boys, that it was worth a half-cent to kill a “nigger,” and a half-cent to bury one.
即使在白人小男孩中，也有一句常见的说法：杀死一个“黑鬼”只值半美分，埋葬一个“黑鬼”只值半美分。
CHAPTER V
第五章
As to my own treatment while I lived on Colonel Lloyd’s plantation, it was very similar to that of the other slave children.
至于我自己住在劳埃德上校种植园时的待遇，与其他奴隶孩子的待遇非常相似。
I was not old enough to work in the field, and there being little else than field work to do, I had a great deal of leisure time.
我还没有到到下地干活的年纪，除了下地干活之外没什么别的事情可做，所以我有很多闲暇时间。
The most I had to do was to drive up the cows at evening, keep the fowls out of the garden, keep the front yard clean, and run of errands for my old master’s daughter, Mrs. Lucretia Auld.
我要做的最多的事情就是晚上赶牛，把家禽赶出花园，保持前院清洁，以及为我老主人的女儿卢克丽霞·奥尔德夫人跑腿。
The most of my leisure time I spent in helping Master Daniel Lloyd in finding his birds, after he had shot them.
我大部分的闲暇时间都花在帮助丹尼尔·劳埃德大师寻找他射杀的鸟儿上。
My connection with Master Daniel was of some advantage to me.
我与丹尼尔大师的联系对我来说有一些好处。
He became quite attached to me, and was a sort of protector of me.
他变得非常依恋我，并且是我的保护者。
He would not allow the older boys to impose upon me, and would divide his cakes with me.
他不允许年长的男孩强加于我，并会与我分享他的蛋糕。
I was seldom whipped by my old master, and suffered little from any thing else than hunger and cold.
我很少被我的老主人鞭打，除了饥饿和寒冷之外，我几乎没有遭受任何其他的痛苦。
I suffered much from hunger, but much more from cold.
我饱受饥饿之苦，但更受寒冷之苦。
In hottest summer and coldest winter, I was kept almost naked—no shoes, no stockings, no jacket, no trousers, nothing on but a coarse tow linen shirt, reaching only to my knees.
在最热的夏天和最冷的冬天，我几乎赤身裸体——没有鞋子，没有袜子，没有夹克，没有裤子，除了一件粗麻布衬衫，只到膝盖。
I had no bed.
我没有床。
I must have perished with cold, but that, the coldest nights, I used to steal a bag which was used for carrying corn to the mill.
我一定是冻死了，但在最冷的夜晚，我常常偷一个用来把玉米运到磨坊的袋子。
I would crawl into this bag, and there sleep on the cold, damp, clay floor, with my head in and feet out.
我会爬进这个袋子，头朝里，脚朝外，睡在寒冷、潮湿的粘土地板上。
My feet have been so cracked with the frost, that the pen with which I am writing might be laid in the gashes.
我的脚已经被霜冻得干裂了，我写字的笔可能会放在裂缝里。
We were not regularly allowanced.
我们没有定期得到许可。
Our food was coarse corn meal boiled.
我们的食物是煮粗玉米粉。
This was called _mush_.
这被称为_mush_。
It was put into a large wooden tray or trough, and set down upon the ground.
它被放入一个大木托盘或槽中，然后放在地上。
The children were then called, like so many pigs, and like so many pigs they would come and devour the mush; some with oyster-shells, others with pieces of shingle, some with naked hands, and none with spoons.
然后孩子们就被叫来了，就像很多猪一样，他们会像很多猪一样过来吃掉这些糊状物。有的用牡蛎壳，有的用木瓦片，有的用赤手，没有一个用勺子。
He that ate fastest got most; he that was strongest secured the best place; and few left the trough satisfied.
吃得最快的人得到的最多；最强的人获得最好的位置；很少有人满意地离开低谷。
I was probably between seven and eight years old when I left Colonel Lloyd’s plantation.
当我离开劳埃德上校的种植园时，我大概在七岁到八岁之间。
I left it with joy.
我满怀喜悦地离开了它。
I shall never forget the ecstasy with which I received the intelligence that my old master (Anthony) had determined to let me go to Baltimore, to live with Mr. Hugh Auld, brother to my old master’s son-in-law, Captain Thomas Auld.
我永远不会忘记，当我得知我的老主人（安东尼）决定让我去巴尔的摩，与我老主人的女婿托马斯·奥尔德上尉的兄弟休·奥尔德先生住在一起时，我感到多么欣喜若狂。
I received this information about three days before my departure.
我在出发前三天左右收到了此信息。
They were three of the happiest days I ever enjoyed.
这是我度过的最快乐的三天。
I spent the most part of all these three days in the creek, washing off the plantation scurf, and preparing myself for my departure.
这三天的大部分时间我都在小溪里度过，洗去种植园的皮屑，为出发做准备。
The pride of appearance which this would indicate was not my own.
这表明我对外表的骄傲并不属于我自己。
I spent the time in washing, not so much because I wished to, but because Mrs. Lucretia had told me I must get all the dead skin off my feet and knees before I could go to Baltimore; for the people in Baltimore were very cleanly, and would laugh at me if I looked dirty.
我把时间花在洗澡上，倒不是因为我想这么做，而是因为卢克丽霞夫人告诉我，在去巴尔的摩之前，我必须把脚和膝盖上的死皮都洗掉；然后，我就去巴尔的摩了。因为巴尔的摩的人都很爱干净，如果我看起来很脏，他们就会嘲笑我。
Besides, she was going to give me a pair of trousers, which I should not put on unless I got all the dirt off me.
此外，她要送我一条裤子，除非我把身上的污垢都擦掉，否则我不应该穿上它。
The thought of owning a pair of trousers was great indeed!
拥有一条裤子的想法确实很棒！
It was almost a sufficient motive, not only to make me take off what would be called by pig-drovers the mange, but the skin itself.
这几乎是一个充分的动机，不仅让我脱掉被赶猪人所说的疥癣，而且还让我脱掉皮肤本身。
I went at it in good earnest, working for the first time with the hope of reward.
我第一次认真地去做这件事，希望能得到回报。
The ties that ordinarily bind children to their homes were all suspended in my case.
通常将儿童与家庭联系在一起的纽带在我的案例中都被解除了。
I found no severe trial in my departure.
我的离开并没有给我带来什么严峻的考验。
My home was charmless; it was not home to me; on parting from it, I could not feel that I was leaving any thing which I could have enjoyed by staying.
我的家毫无魅力；它不是我的家；离开它时，我感觉不到我离开了任何我可以留下来享受的东西。
My mother was dead, my grandmother lived far off, so that I seldom saw her.
我的母亲去世了，我的祖母住在很远的地方，所以我很少见到她。
I had two sisters and one brother, that lived in the same house with me; but the early separation of us from our mother had well nigh blotted the fact of our relationship from our memories.
我有两个姐妹和一个兄弟，他们和我住在同一所房子里。但我们与母亲的早年分离几乎从我们的记忆中抹去了我们之间的关系。
I looked for home elsewhere, and was confident of finding none which I should relish less than the one which I was leaving.
我在别处寻找家，并且确信找不到比我要离开的家更令我津津乐道的家了。
If, however, I found in my new home hardship, hunger, whipping, and nakedness, I had the consolation that I should not have escaped any one of them by staying.
然而，如果我在新家里发现困难、饥饿、鞭打和赤身露体，我会感到安慰的是，我留下来也无法逃脱其中任何一个。
Having already had more than a taste of them in the house of my old master, and having endured them there, I very naturally inferred my ability to endure them elsewhere, and especially at Baltimore; for I had something of the feeling about Baltimore that is expressed in the proverb, that “being hanged in England is preferable to dying a natural death in Ireland.” I had the strongest desire to see Baltimore.
我已经在我的老主人家里尝到了这些滋味，并且在那里忍受了它们，我很自然地推断出我有能力在其他地方忍受它们，尤其是在巴尔的摩；因为我对巴尔的摩有一种谚语所表达的感觉，即“在英国被绞死比在爱尔兰自然死亡要好”。我最想看看巴尔的摩。
Cousin Tom, though not fluent in speech, had inspired me with that desire by his eloquent description of the place.
汤姆表弟虽然言语不流利，但他对这个地方的雄辩描述激发了我的愿望。
I could never point out any thing at the Great House, no matter how beautiful or powerful, but that he had seen something at Baltimore far exceeding, both in beauty and strength, the object which I pointed out to him.
我永远无法指出大宅里的任何东西，无论多么美丽或强大，但他在巴尔的摩看到了一些东西，无论是在美丽还是力量上，都远远超过了我向他指出的目标。
Even the Great House itself, with all its pictures, was far inferior to many buildings in Baltimore.
即使是大宅本身，连同其所有的照片，也远远不如巴尔的摩的许多建筑。
So strong was my desire, that I thought a gratification of it would fully compensate for whatever loss of comforts I should sustain by the exchange.
我的愿望如此强烈，以至于我认为对它的满足足以弥补我因交换而失去的舒适感。
I left without a regret, and with the highest hopes of future happiness.
我毫无遗憾地离开了，并且对未来的幸福抱有最大的希望。
We sailed out of Miles River for Baltimore on a Saturday morning.
星期六早上，我们从迈尔斯河出发前往巴尔的摩。
I remember only the day of the week, for at that time I had no knowledge of the days of the month, nor the months of the year.
我只记得一周中的哪一天，因为那时我不知道一个月中有几天，也不知道一年中的月份。
On setting sail, I walked aft, and gave to Colonel Lloyd’s plantation what I hoped would be the last look.
起航后，我走到船尾，最后看了劳埃德上校的种植园一眼。
I then placed myself in the bows of the sloop, and there spent the remainder of the day in looking ahead, interesting myself in what was in the distance rather than in things near by or behind.
然后我把自己放在单桅帆船的船头，用一天剩下的时间向前看，让自己对远处的事物感兴趣，而不是对附近或后面的事物感兴趣。
In the afternoon of that day, we reached Annapolis, the capital of the State.
当天下午，我们到达州首府安纳波利斯。
We stopped but a few moments, so that I had no time to go on shore.
我们只停了一会儿，所以我没有时间上岸。
It was the first large town that I had ever seen, and though it would look small compared with some of our New England factory villages, I thought it a wonderful place for its size—more imposing even than the Great House Farm!
这是我见过的第一个大城市，虽然与我们新英格兰的一些工厂村庄相比，它看起来很小，但我认为它的规模非常好，甚至比大屋农场还要雄伟！
We arrived at Baltimore early on Sunday morning, landing at Smith’s Wharf, not far from Bowley’s Wharf.
我们周日一早抵达巴尔的摩，在距离鲍利码头不远的史密斯码头着陆。
We had on board the sloop a large flock of sheep; and after aiding in driving them to the slaughterhouse of Mr. Curtis on Louden Slater’s Hill, I was conducted by Rich, one of the hands belonging on board of the sloop, to my new home in Alliciana Street, near Mr. Gardner’s ship-yard, on Fells Point.
我们的单桅帆船上有一大群羊。在协助开车送他们到劳登·斯莱特山上柯蒂斯先生的屠宰场后，我在单桅帆船上的一名船员里奇的带领下，来到我位于阿利西安娜街的新家，靠近费尔斯角加德纳先生的造船厂。
Mr. and Mrs. Auld were both at home, and met me at the door with their little son Thomas, to take care of whom I had been given.
奥尔德先生和夫人都在家，并在门口迎接我和他们的小儿子托马斯，照顾我的儿子。
And here I saw what I had never seen before; it was a white face beaming with the most kindly emotions; it was the face of my new mistress, Sophia Auld.
在这里我看到了我以前从未见过的东西；那是一张苍白的脸，洋溢着最友善的情绪。那是我的新情妇索菲亚·奥尔德的脸。
I wish I could describe the rapture that flashed through my soul as I beheld it.
我希望我能描述一下当我看到它时，我的灵魂中闪过的狂喜。
It was a new and strange sight to me, brightening up my pathway with the light of happiness.
这对我来说是一种新奇的景象，用幸福的光芒照亮了我的道路。
Little Thomas was told, there was his Freddy,—and I was told to take care of little Thomas; and thus I entered upon the duties of my new home with the most cheering prospect ahead.
有人告诉小托马斯，他的弗莱迪来了，——也有人告诉我要照顾小托马斯；就这样，我带着最令人振奋的前景开始了我的新家的职责。
I look upon my departure from Colonel Lloyd’s plantation as one of the most interesting events of my life.
我认为离开劳埃德上校的种植园是我一生中最有趣的事件之一。
It is possible, and even quite probable, that but for the mere circumstance of being removed from that plantation to Baltimore, I should have to-day, instead of being here seated by my own table, in the enjoyment of freedom and the happiness of home, writing this Narrative, been confined in the galling chains of slavery.
有可能，甚至很有可能，如果不是仅仅因为从那个种植园搬到巴尔的摩，我今天就不会坐在自己的桌子旁，享受自由和家庭的幸福，写这篇叙述，而是被束缚在令人痛苦的奴隶制锁链中。
Going to live at Baltimore laid the foundation, and opened the gateway, to all my subsequent prosperity.
搬到巴尔的摩生活为我后来的繁荣奠定了基础，并打开了大门。
I have ever regarded it as the first plain manifestation of that kind providence which has ever since attended me, and marked my life with so many favors.
我一直认为这是仁慈的天意的第一次明显体现，从那时起，这种天意就一直伴随着我，并给我的生活留下了如此多的恩惠。
I regarded the selection of myself as being somewhat remarkable.
我认为自己的选择有些了不起。
There were a number of slave children that might have been sent from the plantation to Baltimore.
有一些奴隶儿童可能是从种植园送到巴尔的摩的。
There were those younger, those older, and those of the same age.
有年轻的，有年长的，也有同龄的。
I was chosen from among them all, and was the first, last, and only choice.
我是从他们之中被选中的，是第一个、最后也是唯一的选择。
I may be deemed superstitious, and even egotistical, in regarding this event as a special interposition of divine Providence in my favor.
我可能会被认为是迷信，甚至是自私，因为我将这一事件视为神圣的普罗维登斯对我有利的特殊干预。
But I should be false to the earliest sentiments of my soul, if I suppressed the opinion.
但如果我压制了这个观点，我就对我灵魂中最早的情感产生了错误。
I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and incur my own abhorrence.
我宁愿忠于自己，即使冒着招致他人嘲笑的危险，也不愿因虚假而招致自己的憎恶。
From my earliest recollection, I date the entertainment of a deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace; and in the darkest hours of my career in slavery, this living word of faith and spirit of hope departed not from me, but remained like ministering angels to cheer me through the gloom.
从我最早的记忆开始，我就深深地相信奴隶制并不总是能够将我束缚在它肮脏的怀抱中；在我奴隶生涯最黑暗的时刻，这种充满信心的活生生的话语和希望的精神并没有离开我，而是像天使一样在黑暗中为我加油。
This good spirit was from God, and to him I offer thanksgiving and praise.
这种美好的精神来自于上帝，我向他表示感谢和赞美。
CHAPTER VI
第六章
My new mistress proved to be all she appeared when I first met her at the door,—a woman of the kindest heart and finest feelings.
事实证明，我的新情妇就是我第一次在门口见到她时所表现出来的样子——一个心地最善良、感情最深厚的女人。
She had never had a slave under her control previously to myself, and prior to her marriage she had been dependent upon her own industry for a living.
在我之前，她从未拥有过受她控制的奴隶，在她结婚之前，她一直依靠自己的工业为生。
She was by trade a weaver; and by constant application to her business, she had been in a good degree preserved from the blighting and dehumanizing effects of slavery.
她的职业是织布工。通过不断地致力于自己的事业，她在很大程度上免受了奴隶制的摧残和非人性的影响。
I was utterly astonished at her goodness.
我对她的善良感到非常惊讶。
I scarcely knew how to behave towards her.
我几乎不知道该如何对待她。
She was entirely unlike any other white woman I had ever seen.
她完全不同于我见过的任何其他白人女性。
I could not approach her as I was accustomed to approach other white ladies.
我无法接近她，因为我习惯于接近其他白人女士。
My early instruction was all out of place.
我早期的指导完全不合时宜。
The crouching servility, usually so acceptable a quality in a slave, did not answer when manifested toward her.
蹲下的奴性，通常是奴隶的一种可以接受的品质，但当对她表现出来时却没有回应。
Her favor was not gained by it; she seemed to be disturbed by it.
她的好感并没有因此而得到。她似乎对此感到不安。
She did not deem it impudent or unmannerly for a slave to look her in the face.
她并不认为奴隶直视她的脸是无礼或无礼的。
The meanest slave was put fully at ease in her presence, and none left without feeling better for having seen her.
即使是最卑鄙的奴隶在她面前也会感到完全放松，每个离开的人都会因见到她而感觉更好。
Her face was made of heavenly smiles, and her voice of tranquil music.
她的脸上充满了天堂般的微笑，她的声音充满了宁静的音乐。
But, alas!
但是，唉！
this kind heart had but a short time to remain such.
这颗善良的心只维持了很短的时间。
The fatal poison of irresponsible power was already in her hands, and soon commenced its infernal work.
不负责任的权力的致命毒药已经到了她的手中，并且很快就开始了其邪恶的工作。
That cheerful eye, under the influence of slavery, soon became red with rage; that voice, made all of sweet accord, changed to one of harsh and horrid discord; and that angelic face gave place to that of a demon.
那双欢快的眼睛，在奴隶制的影响下，很快就因愤怒而变得通红。那声音原本是甜蜜和谐的，现在却变成了刺耳而可怕的不和谐。那张天使般的面孔被恶魔般的面孔所取代。
Very soon after I went to live with Mr. and Mrs. Auld, she very kindly commenced to teach me the A, B, C.
我和奥尔德先生和夫人住在一起后不久，她就非常友善地开始教我 A、B、C。
After I had learned this, she assisted me in learning to spell words of three or four letters.
当我学会这一点后，她帮助我学习拼写三四个字母的单词。
Just at this point of my progress, Mr. Auld found out what was going on, and at once forbade Mrs. Auld to instruct me further, telling her, among other things, that it was unlawful, as well as unsafe, to teach a slave to read.
就在我进展到这个阶段时，奥尔德先生发现了发生了什么事，并立即禁止奥尔德夫人进一步指导我，告诉她，除其他外，教奴隶读书是非法的，也是不安全的。
To use his own words, further, he said, “If you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell.
用他自己的话来说，他进一步说：“如果你给黑人一英寸，他就会接受厄尔。
A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master—to do as he is told to do.
一个黑鬼除了服从他的主人之外什么都不应该知道——按照他的指示去做。
Learning would _spoil_ the best nigger in the world.
学习会毁掉世界上最好的黑鬼。
Now,” said he, “if you teach that nigger (speaking of myself) how to read, there would be no keeping him.
现在，”他说，“如果你教那个黑鬼（指的是我自己）读书，就没有办法留住他了。
It would forever unfit him to be a slave.
他永远不适合当奴隶。
He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master.
他会立刻变得难以管理，对他的主人来说毫无价值。
As to himself, it could do him no good, but a great deal of harm.
对于他自己来说，这不但没有任何好处，反而带来很大的伤害。
It would make him discontented and unhappy.” These words sank deep into my heart, stirred up sentiments within that lay slumbering, and called into existence an entirely new train of thought.
这会让他感到不满和不高兴。”这句话深深地扎进了我的心底，激起了我沉睡的情感，催生了全新的思绪。
It was a new and special revelation, explaining dark and mysterious things, with which my youthful understanding had struggled, but struggled in vain.
这是一个新的、特殊的启示，解释了黑暗和神秘的事物，我年轻时的理解力曾与之斗争过，但徒劳无功。
I now understood what had been to me a most perplexing difficulty—to wit, the white man’s power to enslave the black man.
我现在明白了对我来说最令人困惑的困难是什么——也就是说，白人有能力奴役黑人。
It was a grand achievement, and I prized it highly.
这是一项伟大的成就，我对此高度评价。
From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom.
从那一刻起，我明白了从奴役到自由的道路。
It was just what I wanted, and I got it at a time when I the least expected it.
这正是我想要的，而且在我最意想不到的时候得到了它。
Whilst I was saddened by the thought of losing the aid of my kind mistress, I was gladdened by the invaluable instruction which, by the merest accident, I had gained from my master.
虽然我因想到要失去好心女主人的帮助而感到悲伤，但我也为我在偶然的情况下从主人那里得到的无价指导而感到高兴。
Though conscious of the difficulty of learning without a teacher, I set out with high hope, and a fixed purpose, at whatever cost of trouble, to learn how to read.
尽管意识到没有老师的学习是困难的，但我满怀希望和坚定的目标，不惜一切代价，开始学习如何阅读。
The very decided manner with which he spoke, and strove to impress his wife with the evil consequences of giving me instruction, served to convince me that he was deeply sensible of the truths he was uttering.
他说话的方式非常坚决，并努力让他的妻子知道给我指示的邪恶后果，这使我相信他对他所说的真理有着深刻的认识。
It gave me the best assurance that I might rely with the utmost confidence on the results which, he said, would flow from teaching me to read.
这给了我最好的保证，我可以对教我阅读所产生的结果充满信心。
What he most dreaded, that I most desired.
他最害怕的，也是我最渴望的。
What he most loved, that I most hated.
他最喜欢的，我最讨厌的。
That which to him was a great evil, to be carefully shunned, was to me a great good, to be diligently sought; and the argument which he so warmly urged, against my learning to read, only served to inspire me with a desire and determination to learn.
对他来说是大恶，需要小心回避，对我来说却是大善，需要努力寻求。他如此热烈地反对我学习阅读的论点，只会激发我学习的愿望和决心。
In learning to read, I owe almost as much to the bitter opposition of my master, as to the kindly aid of my mistress.
在学习读书的过程中，我既要感谢老师的强烈反对，又要感谢女主人的善意帮助。
I acknowledge the benefit of both.
我承认两者都有好处。
I had resided but a short time in Baltimore before I observed a marked difference, in the treatment of slaves, from that which I had witnessed in the country.
我在巴尔的摩住了很短一段时间，然后就观察到奴隶待遇与我在乡下亲眼所见的明显不同。
A city slave is almost a freeman, compared with a slave on the plantation.
与种植园里的奴隶相比，城市奴隶几乎是自由人。
He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown to the slave on the plantation.
他的衣食条件要好得多，并且享有种植园奴隶所不知道的特权。
There is a vestige of decency, a sense of shame, that does much to curb and check those outbreaks of atrocious cruelty so commonly enacted upon the plantation.
这里有一种正派的痕迹，一种羞耻感，这对于遏制和制止种植园中常见的残暴暴行有很大作用。
He is a desperate slaveholder, who will shock the humanity of his non-slaveholding neighbors with the cries of his lacerated slave.
他是一个绝望的奴隶主，他会用他被撕裂的奴隶的哭声震惊他的非奴隶邻居的人性。
Few are willing to incur the odium attaching to the reputation of being a cruel master; and above all things, they would not be known as not giving a slave enough to eat.
很少有人愿意因为残酷主人的名声而受到厌恶。最重要的是，他们不会因为没有给奴隶足够的食物而被人所知。
Every city slaveholder is anxious to have it known of him, that he feeds his slaves well; and it is due to them to say, that most of them do give their slaves enough to eat.
每个城市的奴隶主都渴望知道他让他的奴隶吃得很好。正是因为他们说，他们中的大多数人确实给了他们的奴隶足够的食物。
There are, however, some painful exceptions to this rule.
然而，这条规则也有一些令人痛苦的例外。
Directly opposite to us, on Philpot Street, lived Mr. Thomas Hamilton.
托马斯·汉密尔顿先生住在我们正对面的菲尔波特街上。
He owned two slaves.
他拥有两个奴隶。
Their names were Henrietta and Mary.
他们的名字是亨利埃塔和玛丽。
Henrietta was about twenty-two years of age, Mary was about fourteen; and of all the mangled and emaciated creatures I ever looked upon, these two were the most so.
亨丽埃塔大约二十二岁，玛丽大约十四岁。在我见过的所有伤痕累累、瘦弱的生物中，这两个是最严重的。
His heart must be harder than stone, that could look upon these unmoved.
他的心一定比石头还要坚硬，才会对这些无动于衷。
The head, neck, and shoulders of Mary were literally cut to pieces.
玛丽的头、脖子和肩膀都被切成碎片。
I have frequently felt her head, and found it nearly covered with festering sores, caused by the lash of her cruel mistress.
我经常摸她的头，发现她的头上几乎布满了溃烂的疮，这是她残酷的女主人的鞭打造成的。
I do not know that her master ever whipped her, but I have been an eye-witness to the cruelty of Mrs. Hamilton.
我不知道她的主人是否鞭打过她，但我亲眼目睹了汉密尔顿夫人的残忍行为。
I used to be in Mr. Hamilton’s house nearly every day.
我以前几乎每天都去汉密尔顿先生家里。
Mrs. Hamilton used to sit in a large chair in the middle of the room, with a heavy cowskin always by her side, and scarce an hour passed during the day but was marked by the blood of one of these slaves.
汉密尔顿夫人常常坐在房间中央的一张大椅子上，身边总是放着一块厚重的牛皮，白天不到一个小时，身上就沾满了其中一个奴隶的血迹。
The girls seldom passed her without her saying, “Move faster, you _black gip!_” at the same time giving them a blow with the cowskin over the head or shoulders, often drawing the blood.
女孩们每次经过她身边时，她都会说：“走快点，你这个_黑鬼！_”，同时用牛皮打她们的头或肩膀，经常会流血。
She would then say, “Take that, you _black gip!_” continuing, “If you don’t move faster, I’ll move you!” Added to the cruel lashings to which these slaves were subjected, they were kept nearly half-starved.
然后她会说，“拿着这个，你这个_黑鬼！_”继续说道，“如果你不走得更快，我就移动你！”再加上这些奴隶遭受残酷的鞭打，他们几乎处于半饥饿状态。
They seldom knew what it was to eat a full meal.
他们很少知道吃一顿饱饭是什么意思。
I have seen Mary contending with the pigs for the offal thrown into the street.
我见过玛丽与猪争夺扔到街上的内脏。
So much was Mary kicked and cut to pieces, that she was oftener called “_pecked_” than by her name.
玛丽被踢得体无完肤，被切成碎片，以至于她经常被称为“_啄_”而不是她的名字。
CHAPTER VII
第七章
I lived in Master Hugh’s family about seven years.
我在休大师的家里住了大约七年。
During this time, I succeeded in learning to read and write.
在这段时间里，我成功地学会了读书和写作。
In accomplishing this, I was compelled to resort to various stratagems.
为了实现这一目标，我不得不采取各种策略。
I had no regular teacher.
我没有固定的老师。
My mistress, who had kindly commenced to instruct me, had, in compliance with the advice and direction of her husband, not only ceased to instruct, but had set her face against my being instructed by any one else.
我的女主人原本善意地开始指导我，但她听从了她丈夫的建议和指示，不仅不再指导我，而且坚决反对任何人对我进行指导。
It is due, however, to my mistress to say of her, that she did not adopt this course of treatment immediately.
然而，据我的女主人说，她没有立即采取这种治疗方法。
She at first lacked the depravity indispensable to shutting me up in mental darkness.
她起初缺乏将我关在精神黑暗中所必需的堕落。
It was at least necessary for her to have some training in the exercise of irresponsible power, to make her equal to the task of treating me as though I were a brute.
她至少有必要接受一些关于如何行使不负责任的权力的训练，使她能够胜任把我当作畜生一样对待的任务。
My mistress was, as I have said, a kind and tender-hearted woman; and in the simplicity of her soul she commenced, when I first went to live with her, to treat me as she supposed one human being ought to treat another.
正如我所说，我的女主人是一位善良而温柔的女人。当我第一次和她住在一起时，她本着纯朴的心态开始对待我，就像她认为一个人应该对待另一个人一样。
In entering upon the duties of a slaveholder, she did not seem to perceive that I sustained to her the relation of a mere chattel, and that for her to treat me as a human being was not only wrong, but dangerously so.
在履行奴隶主的职责时，她似乎没有意识到我对她来说只是一种动产的关系，而她把我当作一个人来对待不仅是错误的，而且是危险的。
Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me.
事实证明，奴隶制对她的伤害和对我的伤害一样。
When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman.
我去的时候，她是一个虔诚、热情、温柔的女人。
There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear.
没有什么悲伤或痛苦是她不流泪的。
She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach.
她为饥饿的人提供面包，为赤身露体的人提供衣服，并为每一个力所能及的哀悼者提供安慰。
Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities.
奴隶制很快证明了它有能力剥夺她这些神圣的品质。
Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger-like fierceness.
在它的影响下，温柔的心变成了石头，羔羊般的性情变成了老虎般的凶猛。
The first step in her downward course was in her ceasing to instruct me.
她走下坡路的第一步就是不再指导我。
She now commenced to practise her husband’s precepts.
她现在开始修习丈夫的戒律。
She finally became even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself.
她最终变得比她丈夫本人更加激烈地反对。
She was not satisfied with simply doing as well as he had commanded; she seemed anxious to do better.
她并不满足于仅仅按照他的命令去做。她似乎渴望做得更好。
Nothing seemed to make her more angry than to see me with a newspaper.
似乎没有什么比看到我拿着报纸更让她生气的了。
She seemed to think that here lay the danger.
她似乎认为危险就在这里。
I have had her rush at me with a face made all up of fury, and snatch from me a newspaper, in a manner that fully revealed her apprehension.
我曾让她一脸愤怒地冲向我，并从我手中夺走一张报纸，其方式充分暴露了她的恐惧。
She was an apt woman; and a little experience soon demonstrated, to her satisfaction, that education and slavery were incompatible with each other.
她是个聪明的女人；一些经验很快让她满意地证明，教育和奴隶制是不相容的。
From this time I was most narrowly watched.
从那时起，我受到了最严密的监视。
If I was in a separate room any considerable length of time, I was sure to be suspected of having a book, and was at once called to give an account of myself.
如果我在一个单独的房间里呆了相当长的时间，我肯定会被怀疑拿着一本书，并立即被叫去介绍自己。
All this, however, was too late.
然而，这一切都太晚了。
The first step had been taken.
第一步已经迈出了。
Mistress, in teaching me the alphabet, had given me the _inch,_ and no precaution could prevent me from taking the _ell._
女主人在教我字母表时，给了我_inch，_并且没有任何预防措施可以阻止我采取_ell。_
The plan which I adopted, and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street.
我采取的计划，也是我最成功的计划，就是与我在街上遇到的所有白人小男孩交朋友。
As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers.
我尽可能多地转变为教师。
With their kindly aid, obtained at different times and in different places, I finally succeeded in learning to read.
在他们在不同时间、不同地点得到的善意帮助下，我终于成功地学会了读书。
When I was sent of errands, I always took my book with me, and by going one part of my errand quickly, I found time to get a lesson before my return.
当我被派去办事时，我总是带着我的书，并且通过快速完成一部分差事，我可以在回来之前找到时间上一堂课。
I used also to carry bread with me, enough of which was always in the house, and to which I was always welcome; for I was much better off in this regard than many of the poor white children in our neighborhood.
我还常常随身携带面包，家里总是有足够的面包，而且我总是受到欢迎。因为在这方面我比我们附近的许多贫穷的白人孩子要好得多。
This bread I used to bestow upon the hungry little urchins, who, in return, would give me that more valuable bread of knowledge.
我曾经把这种面包送给饥饿的小顽童，作为回报，他们会给我更有价值的知识面包。
I am strongly tempted to give the names of two or three of those little boys, as a testimonial of the gratitude and affection I bear them; but prudence forbids;—not that it would injure me, but it might embarrass them; for it is almost an unpardonable offence to teach slaves to read in this Christian country.
我很想说出其中两三个小男孩的名字，以表达我对他们的感激和喜爱。但出于谨慎，禁止这样做；——这不会伤害我，但可能会让他们难堪；因为在这个基督教国家教奴隶读书几乎是不可原谅的罪行。
It is enough to say of the dear little fellows, that they lived on Philpot Street, very near Durgin and Bailey’s ship-yard.
说到这些亲爱的小家伙们，他们住在菲尔波特街，离杜尔金和贝利的造船厂很近，这一点就足够了。
I used to talk this matter of slavery over with them.
我曾经和他们讨论过奴隶制的问题。
I would sometimes say to them, I wished I could be as free as they would be when they got to be men.
有时我会对他们说，我希望当他们成为男人时我也能像他们一样自由。
“You will be free as soon as you are twenty-one, _but I am a slave for life!_ Have not I as good a right to be free as you have?” These words used to trouble them; they would express for me the liveliest sympathy, and console me with the hope that something would occur by which I might be free.
“你一到二十一岁就获得自由了，_但我是终生的奴隶！_我难道没有和你一样享有自由的权利吗？”这些话曾经让他们烦恼；他们会向我表示最热烈的同情，并安慰我，希望会发生一些事情，让我获得自由。
I was now about twelve years old, and the thought of being _a slave for life_ began to bear heavily upon my heart.
我现在大约十二岁了，“终生为奴”的想法开始沉重地压在我的心上。
Just about this time, I got hold of a book entitled “The Columbian Orator.” Every opportunity I got, I used to read this book.
就在这个时候，我拿到了一本名为《哥伦比亚演说家》的书。每次有机会，我都会读这本书。
Among much of other interesting matter, I found in it a dialogue between a master and his slave.
在许多其他有趣的事情中，我发现了主人和他的奴隶之间的对话。
The slave was represented as having run away from his master three times.
奴隶被描述为三次逃离他的主人。
The dialogue represented the conversation which took place between them, when the slave was retaken the third time.
这段对话代表了奴隶第三次被夺回时他们之间发生的对话。
In this dialogue, the whole argument in behalf of slavery was brought forward by the master, all of which was disposed of by the slave.
在这段对话中，整个奴隶制的论点都是由主人提出的，而这一切都被奴隶所处置。
The slave was made to say some very smart as well as impressive things in reply to his master—things which had the desired though unexpected effect; for the conversation resulted in the voluntary emancipation of the slave on the part of the master.
奴隶被迫说出一些非常聪明且令人印象深刻的话来回答他的主人——这些话产生了预期但意想不到的效果；因为谈话的结果是主人自愿释放了奴隶。
In the same book, I met with one of Sheridan’s mighty speeches on and in behalf of Catholic emancipation.
在同一本书中，我遇到了谢里登关于天主教解放并代表天主教解放的一次强有力的演讲。
These were choice documents to me.
这些对我来说是选择文件。
I read them over and over again with unabated interest.
我带着不减的兴趣一遍又一遍地阅读它们。
They gave tongue to interesting thoughts of my own soul, which had frequently flashed through my mind, and died away for want of utterance.
他们向我讲述了我灵魂中的一些有趣的想法，这些想法经常在我的脑海中闪过，但又因无法言说而消失。
The moral which I gained from the dialogue was the power of truth over the conscience of even a slaveholder.
我从对话中获得的教训是真理的力量甚至超越了奴隶主的良心。
What I got from Sheridan was a bold denunciation of slavery, and a powerful vindication of human rights.
我从谢里登那里得到的是对奴隶制的大胆谴责，以及对人权的有力辩护。
The reading of these documents enabled me to utter my thoughts, and to meet the arguments brought forward to sustain slavery; but while they relieved me of one difficulty, they brought on another even more painful than the one of which I was relieved.
阅读这些文件使我能够表达自己的想法，并满足为支持奴隶制而提出的论点；但是，当他们解除了我的一个困难时，他们却带来了另一个比我解除的困难更痛苦的事情。
The more I read, the more I was led to abhor and detest my enslavers.
我读得越多，就越对奴役我的人感到憎恶和厌恶。
I could regard them in no other light than a band of successful robbers, who had left their homes, and gone to Africa, and stolen us from our homes, and in a strange land reduced us to slavery.
我只能将他们视为一群成功的强盗，他们离开家园，前往非洲，将我们从家园中偷走，并在陌生的土地上将我们沦为奴隶。
I loathed them as being the meanest as well as the most wicked of men.
我厌恶他们，认为他们是最卑鄙、最邪恶的人。
As I read and contemplated the subject, behold!
当我阅读并思考这个主题时，看哪！
that very discontentment which Master Hugh had predicted would follow my learning to read had already come, to torment and sting my soul to unutterable anguish.
休大师所预言的随着我学会读书而产生的不满已经到来，折磨和刺痛我的灵魂，使我感到难以言表的痛苦。
As I writhed under it, I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing.
当我在它下面翻滚时，我有时会觉得学习阅读是一种诅咒，而不是一种祝福。
It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy.
它让我看到了自己的悲惨处境，却没有任何补救办法。
It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out.
它让我看到了那个可怕的深坑，但却没有梯子可供我出去。
In moments of agony, I envied my fellow-slaves for their stupidity.
在痛苦的时刻，我羡慕我的奴隶同伴们的愚蠢。
I have often wished myself a beast.
我常常希望自己是一只野兽。
I preferred the condition of the meanest reptile to my own.
与我自己相比，我更喜欢最卑鄙的爬行动物的状况。
Any thing, no matter what, to get rid of thinking!
任何事情，无论什么，都要摆脱思维！
It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me.
正是这种对我的处境的不断思考才折磨着我。
There was no getting rid of it.
无法摆脱它。
It was pressed upon me by every object within sight or hearing, animate or inanimate.
我看到的、听到的、有生命的或无生命的每一个物体都向我施加了这种压力。
The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness.
自由的银色王牌唤醒了我的灵魂，让我永远清醒。
Freedom now appeared, to disappear no more forever.
自由现在出现了，并且不会永远消失。
It was heard in every sound, and seen in every thing.
在每一种声音中都能听到它，在每件事中都能看到它。
It was ever present to torment me with a sense of my wretched condition.
它时时刻刻都在折磨着我，让我感受到自己的悲惨处境。
I saw nothing without seeing it, I heard nothing without hearing it, and felt nothing without feeling it.
没有亲眼所见，我就什么也看不见；没有听到，我就什么也没有听到；没有感觉到，我就什么也感觉不到。
It looked from every star, it smiled in every calm, breathed in every wind, and moved in every storm.
它从每一颗星星中望去，它在每一次平静中微笑，它在每一次风中呼吸，它在每一次暴风雨中移动。
I often found myself regretting my own existence, and wishing myself dead; and but for the hope of being free, I have no doubt but that I should have killed myself, or done something for which I should have been killed.
我常常发现自己后悔自己的存在，希望自己死掉。如果不是为了获得自由，我毫不怀疑我应该自杀，或者做一些我应该被杀的事情。
While in this state of mind, I was eager to hear any one speak of slavery.
在这种心态下，我渴望听到任何人谈论奴隶制。
I was a ready listener.
我是一个准备好的倾听者。
Every little while, I could hear something about the abolitionists.
每隔一段时间，我就能听到一些关于废奴主义者的消息。
It was some time before I found what the word meant.
过了一段时间我才明白这个词的意思。
It was always used in such connections as to make it an interesting word to me.
它总是被用在这样的联系中，使它成为一个对我来说很有趣的词。
If a slave ran away and succeeded in getting clear, or if a slave killed his master, set fire to a barn, or did any thing very wrong in the mind of a slaveholder, it was spoken of as the fruit of _abolition._ Hearing the word in this connection very often, I set about learning what it meant.
如果一个奴隶逃跑并成功逃脱，或者如果一个奴隶杀死了他的主人，放火烧了一个谷仓，或者做了任何奴隶主心目中非常错误的事情，这就会被称为废奴的果实。经常听到这个词与此相关，我开始了解它的含义。
The dictionary afforded me little or no help.
这本词典对我的帮助微乎其微，甚至没有帮助。
I found it was “the act of abolishing;” but then I did not know what was to be abolished.
我发现这是“废除的行为”；但当时我不知道要废除什么。
Here I was perplexed.
说到这里我就很困惑了。
I did not dare to ask any one about its meaning, for I was satisfied that it was something they wanted me to know very little about.
我不敢向任何人询问它的含义，因为我很满意他们不想让我知道太多。
After a patient waiting, I got one of our city papers, containing an account of the number of petitions from the north, praying for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and of the slave trade between the States.
经过耐心的等待，我收到了一份我们的城市文件，其中包含来自北方的请愿书的数量，祈祷哥伦比亚特区废除奴隶制，以及各州之间的奴隶贸易。
From this time I understood the words _abolition_ and _abolitionist,_ and always drew near when that word was spoken, expecting to hear something of importance to myself and fellow-slaves.
从那时起，我理解了“废奴”和“废奴主义者”这两个词，并且当这个词被说出时我总是走近，期望听到一些对我自己和奴隶同伴来说重要的东西。
The light broke in upon me by degrees.
光线逐渐照到我身上。
I went one day down on the wharf of Mr. Waters; and seeing two Irishmen unloading a scow of stone, I went, unasked, and helped them.
有一天，我来到了沃特斯先生的码头。看到两个爱尔兰人正在卸一船石头，我就主动去帮助他们。
When we had finished, one of them came to me and asked me if I were a slave.
当我们结束时，其中一个人走过来问我是否是奴隶。
I told him I was.
我告诉他我是。
He asked, “Are ye a slave for life?” I told him that I was.
他问：“你是一辈子的奴隶吗？”我告诉他我是。
The good Irishman seemed to be deeply affected by the statement.
这位善良的爱尔兰人似乎深受这句话的影响。
He said to the other that it was a pity so fine a little fellow as myself should be a slave for life.
他对另一个人说，像我这样的小家伙一辈子当奴隶，真是太可惜了。
He said it was a shame to hold me.
他说抱着我是一种耻辱。
They both advised me to run away to the north; that I should find friends there, and that I should be free.
他们都劝我逃到北方去；我应该在那里找到朋友，而且我应该自由。
I pretended not to be interested in what they said, and treated them as if I did not understand them; for I feared they might be treacherous.
我对他们说的话假装不感兴趣，就像我听不懂一样；因为我担心他们可能会奸诈。
White men have been known to encourage slaves to escape, and then, to get the reward, catch them and return them to their masters.
众所周知，白人鼓励奴隶逃跑，然后为了获得奖励而抓住他们并将他们归还给主人。
I was afraid that these seemingly good men might use me so; but I nevertheless remembered their advice, and from that time I resolved to run away.
我害怕这些看似善良的人会这样利用我；但我还是记住了他们的建议，从那时起我就决定逃跑。
I looked forward to a time at which it would be safe for me to escape.
我期待着有一天我可以安全地逃脱。
I was too young to think of doing so immediately; besides, I wished to learn how to write, as I might have occasion to write my own pass.
我还太年轻，无法立即考虑这样做。此外，我想学习如何写作，因为我可能有机会写自己的通行证。
I consoled myself with the hope that I should one day find a good chance.
我安慰自己，希望有一天我能找到一个好机会。
Meanwhile, I would learn to write.
同时，我会学习写作。
The idea as to how I might learn to write was suggested to me by being in Durgin and Bailey’s ship-yard, and frequently seeing the ship carpenters, after hewing, and getting a piece of timber ready for use, write on the timber the name of that part of the ship for which it was intended.
关于如何学习写作的想法是在杜尔金和贝利的造船厂里得到的，经常看到船木匠在砍伐并准备好一块准备使用的木材后，在木材上写下该船的那部分的名称。
When a piece of timber was intended for the larboard side, it would be marked thus—“L.” When a piece was for the starboard side, it would be marked thus—“S.” A piece for the larboard side forward, would be marked thus—“L.
当一块木材用于左舷时，它会被标记为“L”。当一块用于右舷时，它会被标记为“S”。左舷前侧的一块，将被标记为“L.
F.” When a piece was for starboard side forward, it would be marked thus—“S.
F。”当一块棋子用于右舷前时，它会被标记为“S.
F.” For larboard aft, it would be marked thus—“L.
F。”对于左舷船尾，它会被标记为“L.
A.” For starboard aft, it would be marked thus—“S.
A.”对于右舷船尾，它会被标记为“S.
A.” I soon learned the names of these letters, and for what they were intended when placed upon a piece of timber in the ship-yard.
A.”我很快就知道了这些字母的名称，以及它们被放在造船厂一块木头上的用途。
I immediately commenced copying them, and in a short time was able to make the four letters named.
我立即开始抄写，很快就给这四个字母起了名字。
After that, when I met with any boy who I knew could write, I would tell him I could write as well as he.
从那以后，当我遇到任何我知道会写字的男孩时，我都会告诉他我可以写得和他一样好。
The next word would be, “I don’t believe you.
下一句话是：“我不相信你。
Let me see you try it.” I would then make the letters which I had been so fortunate as to learn, and ask him to beat that.
让我看看你试试。”然后我会写出我有幸学到的字母，并请他击败它。
In this way I got a good many lessons in writing, which it is quite possible I should never have gotten in any other way.
通过这种方式，我学到了很多写作方面的教训，而这些教训很可能是我永远不应该以任何其他方式学到的。
During this time, my copy-book was the board fence, brick wall, and pavement; my pen and ink was a lump of chalk.
这段时间，我的习字本就是木板栅栏、砖墙、人行道；我的笔和墨水是一团粉笔。
With these, I learned mainly how to write.
有了这些，我主要学会了如何写作。
I then commenced and continued copying the Italics in Webster’s Spelling Book, until I could make them all without looking on the book.
然后我开始并继续抄写韦伯斯特拼写书中的斜体，直到我可以在不看书的情况下将它们全部抄出来。
By this time, my little Master Thomas had gone to school, and learned how to write, and had written over a number of copy-books.
这时，我的小托马斯大师已经上学了，学会了写作，并写了一些习字本。
These had been brought home, and shown to some of our near neighbors, and then laid aside.
这些东西被带回家，展示给我们的一些近邻看，然后放在一边。
My mistress used to go to class meeting at the Wilk Street meetinghouse every Monday afternoon, and leave me to take care of the house.
我的女主人每周一下午都会去威尔克街教堂参加班会，然后让我照顾家务。
When left thus, I used to spend the time in writing in the spaces left in Master Thomas’s copy-book, copying what he had written.
当我离开这里时，我常常把时间花在托马斯大师的抄写本上留下的空白处写字，抄写他写过的东西。
I continued to do this until I could write a hand very similar to that of Master Thomas.
我继续这样做，直到我能写出与托马斯大师非常相似的字。
Thus, after a long, tedious effort for years, I finally succeeded in learning how to write.
于是，经过多年的艰苦努力，我终于成功学会了写作。
CHAPTER VIII
第八章
In a very short time after I went to live at Baltimore, my old master’s youngest son Richard died; and in about three years and six months after his death, my old master, Captain Anthony, died, leaving only his son, Andrew, and daughter, Lucretia, to share his estate.
我搬到巴尔的摩后不久，我老主人的小儿子理查德就去世了。在他去世后大约三年零六个月，我的老主人安东尼船长也去世了，只剩下他的儿子安德鲁和女儿卢克丽霞分享他的遗产。
He died while on a visit to see his daughter at Hillsborough.
他在希尔斯伯勒看望女儿时去世。
Cut off thus unexpectedly, he left no will as to the disposal of his property.
就这样意外地被切断了联系，他没有留下任何关于如何处置他的财产的遗嘱。
It was therefore necessary to have a valuation of the property, that it might be equally divided between Mrs. Lucretia and Master Andrew.
因此，有必要对财产进行估价，以便在卢克丽霞夫人和安德鲁少爷之间平分。
I was immediately sent for, to be valued with the other property.
我立即被派去与其他财产一起估价。
Here again my feelings rose up in detestation of slavery.
说到这里，我对奴隶制的厌恶再次油然而生。
I had now a new conception of my degraded condition.
我现在对自己堕落的状况有了新的认识。
Prior to this, I had become, if not insensible to my lot, at least partly so.
在此之前，我对自己的命运即使不是麻木不仁，至少部分是这样。
I left Baltimore with a young heart overborne with sadness, and a soul full of apprehension.
我带着一颗充满悲伤的年轻心和一个充满忧虑的灵魂离开了巴尔的摩。
I took passage with Captain Rowe, in the schooner Wild Cat, and, after a sail of about twenty-four hours, I found myself near the place of my birth.
我和罗船长一起乘坐纵帆船“野猫”号航行，航行了大约二十四小时后，我发现自己已经接近我的出生地了。
I had now been absent from it almost, if not quite, five years.
我现在已经缺席它近五年了（如果不是完全的话）。
I, however, remembered the place very well.
不过，我对这个地方记得很清楚。
I was only about five years old when I left it, to go and live with my old master on Colonel Lloyd’s plantation; so that I was now between ten and eleven years old.
当我离开这里，去劳埃德上校的种植园和我的老主人一起生活时，我才五岁左右。所以我现在十岁到十一岁之间。
We were all ranked together at the valuation.
我们在估值时都排名在一起。
Men and women, old and young, married and single, were ranked with horses, sheep, and swine.
男女老少、已婚未婚，与马、羊、猪一起排列。
There were horses and men, cattle and women, pigs and children, all holding the same rank in the scale of being, and were all subjected to the same narrow examination.
马和人、牛和女人、猪和儿童，在存在的尺度上都具有相同的等级，并且都受到相同的狭隘检验。
Silvery-headed age and sprightly youth, maids and matrons, had to undergo the same indelicate inspection.
白发苍苍的老者和精神抖擞的青年，女仆和主妇，都必须接受同样不雅的检查。
At this moment, I saw more clearly than ever the brutalizing effects of slavery upon both slave and slaveholder.
此时此刻，我比以往任何时候都更清楚地看到奴隶制对奴隶和奴隶主造成的残酷影响。
After the valuation, then came the division.
估值之后，接下来就是分割。
I have no language to express the high excitement and deep anxiety which were felt among us poor slaves during this time.
我无法用语言来表达我们这些可怜的奴隶在这段时间所感受到的高度兴奋和深深的焦虑。
Our fate for life was now to be decided.
我们一生的命运现在就要决定了。
We had no more voice in that decision than the brutes among whom we were ranked.
在这个决定中，我们并不比我们所在的那些野蛮人有更多的发言权。
A single word from the white men was enough—against all our wishes, prayers, and entreaties—to sunder forever the dearest friends, dearest kindred, and strongest ties known to human beings.
白人的一句话就足以——违背我们所有的愿望、祈祷和恳求——永远分裂人类最亲爱的朋友、最亲爱的亲属和最牢固的联系。
In addition to the pain of separation, there was the horrid dread of falling into the hands of Master Andrew.
除了分离的痛苦之外，还有落入安德鲁大师手中的可怕恐惧。
He was known to us all as being a most cruel wretch,—a common drunkard, who had, by his reckless mismanagement and profligate dissipation, already wasted a large portion of his father’s property.
我们大家都知道他是一个最残忍的恶棍，一个普通的酒鬼，由于他鲁莽的管理不善和挥霍浪费，已经浪费了他父亲的很大一部分财产。
We all felt that we might as well be sold at once to the Georgia traders, as to pass into his hands; for we knew that that would be our inevitable condition,—a condition held by us all in the utmost horror and dread.
我们都觉得我们不如立即卖给乔治亚州的商人，也不要落入他的手中。因为我们知道，这将是我们不可避免的情况，我们所有人都感到极度恐惧和恐惧。
I suffered more anxiety than most of my fellow-slaves.
我比大多数奴隶同伴更加焦虑。
I had known what it was to be kindly treated; they had known nothing of the kind.
我知道什么是被善待；他们对此一无所知。
They had seen little or nothing of the world.
他们对这个世界知之甚少，甚至根本没有见过。
They were in very deed men and women of sorrow, and acquainted with grief.
他们确实是悲伤的男女，并且熟悉悲伤。
Their backs had been made familiar with the bloody lash, so that they had become callous; mine was yet tender; for while at Baltimore I got few whippings, and few slaves could boast of a kinder master and mistress than myself; and the thought of passing out of their hands into those of Master Andrew—a man who, but a few days before, to give me a sample of his bloody disposition, took my little brother by the throat, threw him on the ground, and with the heel of his boot stamped upon his head till the blood gushed from his nose and ears—was well calculated to make me anxious as to my fate.
他们的背脊已经习惯了血淋淋的鞭子，因此变得冷酷无情。我的还很嫩；因为在巴尔的摩期间，我很少受到鞭打，很少有奴隶能夸耀自己有比我更仁慈的主人和情妇。一想到要从他们手中落入安德鲁少爷的手里——就在几天前，为了让我尝尝他的血腥性格，他掐住了我弟弟的喉咙，把他扔在地上，用靴子后跟踩在他的头上，直到鲜血从他的鼻子和耳朵里涌出来——这让我对自己的命运感到焦虑。
After he had committed this savage outrage upon my brother, he turned to me, and said that was the way he meant to serve me one of these days,—meaning, I suppose, when I came into his possession.
在他对我兄弟实施了这种野蛮的暴行之后，他转向我，说这就是他打算在这些日子里为我服务的方式——我想，意思是当我被他占有时。
Thanks to a kind Providence, I fell to the portion of Mrs. Lucretia, and was sent immediately back to Baltimore, to live again in the family of Master Hugh.
感谢上帝的仁慈，我落到了卢克丽霞夫人的份上，并立即被送回巴尔的摩，再次住在休大师的家里。
Their joy at my return equalled their sorrow at my departure.
他们对我回来的喜悦等于对我离开的悲伤。
It was a glad day to me.
这对我来说是愉快的一天。
I had escaped a worse than lion’s jaws.
我逃脱了比狮子更可怕的嘴巴。
I was absent from Baltimore, for the purpose of valuation and division, just about one month, and it seemed to have been six.
为了估价和分割，我离开巴尔的摩只有大约一个月的时间，看起来已经有六个月了。
Very soon after my return to Baltimore, my mistress, Lucretia, died, leaving her husband and one child, Amanda; and in a very short time after her death, Master Andrew died.
我回到巴尔的摩后不久，我的情妇卢克丽霞就去世了，留下了她的丈夫和一个孩子阿曼达。在她去世后不久，安德鲁大师就去世了。
Now all the property of my old master, slaves included, was in the hands of strangers,—strangers who had had nothing to do with accumulating it.
现在，我旧主人的所有财产，包括奴隶，都掌握在陌生人手中——那些与积累这些财产毫无关系的陌生人。
Not a slave was left free.
没有一个奴隶是自由的。
All remained slaves, from the youngest to the oldest.
从最小的到最年长的，所有人都仍然是奴隶。
If any one thing in my experience, more than another, served to deepen my conviction of the infernal character of slavery, and to fill me with unutterable loathing of slaveholders, it was their base ingratitude to my poor old grandmother.
如果说我的经历中有哪一件事比另一件事更加深了我对奴隶制的邪恶性质的信念，并使我对奴隶主产生难以言表的厌恶，那就是他们对我可怜的老祖母的卑鄙忘恩负义。
She had served my old master faithfully from youth to old age.
她从小到晚都忠实地侍奉着我的老主人。
She had been the source of all his wealth; she had peopled his plantation with slaves; she had become a great grandmother in his service.
她是他所有财富的源泉；她让他的种植园里充满了奴隶；她已成为为他服务的曾祖母。
She had rocked him in infancy, attended him in childhood, served him through life, and at his death wiped from his icy brow the cold death-sweat, and closed his eyes forever.
她在婴儿时期摇晃着他，在童年时照顾过他，一生侍奉着他，在他去世时，她擦去了他冰冷的额头上的冷汗，并永远闭上了他的眼睛。
She was nevertheless left a slave—a slave for life—a slave in the hands of strangers; and in their hands she saw her children, her grandchildren, and her great-grandchildren, divided, like so many sheep, without being gratified with the small privilege of a single word, as to their or her own destiny.
尽管如此，她仍然是一个奴隶——一个终生的奴隶——一个陌生人手中的奴隶；在他们手中，她看到她的孩子、她的孙子、她的曾孙像许多绵羊一样分裂，对于他们自己的命运，不满足于一个字的小小的特权。
And, to cap the climax of their base ingratitude and fiendish barbarity, my grandmother, who was now very old, having outlived my old master and all his children, having seen the beginning and end of all of them, and her present owners finding she was of but little value, her frame already racked with the pains of old age, and complete helplessness fast stealing over her once active limbs, they took her to the woods, built her a little hut, put up a little mud-chimney, and then made her welcome to the privilege of supporting herself there in perfect loneliness; thus virtually turning her out to die!
而且，为了将他们卑鄙的忘恩负义和残忍的野蛮行径推向高潮，我的祖母现在已经很老了，比我的老主人和他所有的孩子都活得更久，看到了他们所有人的开始和结束，而她现在的主人发现她没有什么价值，她的身体已经被年老的痛苦所折磨，完全的无助迅速偷走了她曾经活跃的四肢，他们把她带到树林里，给她盖了一个小小屋，搭建了一个小房子。泥烟囱，然后让她有幸在那里过着完全孤独的生活。这样一来，她几乎就等于送死了！
If my poor old grandmother now lives, she lives to suffer in utter loneliness; she lives to remember and mourn over the loss of children, the loss of grandchildren, and the loss of great-grandchildren.
如果我可怜的老祖母现在还活着，她就会生活在极度的孤独中；她活着是为了纪念和哀悼失去孩子、失去孙子、失去曾孙。
They are, in the language of the slave’s poet, Whittier,—
用奴隶诗人惠蒂尔的语言来说，它们是——
“Gone, gone, sold and gone To the rice swamp dank and lone, Where the slave-whip ceaseless swings, Where the noisome insect stings, Where the fever-demon strews Poison with the falling dews, Where the sickly sunbeams glare Through the hot and misty air:— Gone, gone, sold and gone To the rice swamp dank and lone, From Virginia hills and waters— Woe is me, my stolen daughters!”
“走了，走了，卖掉了，去了潮湿而孤独的稻田沼泽，那里奴隶鞭子不停地摆动，那里有毒的昆虫叮人，那里发烧的恶魔用落下的露珠散布着毒药，那里病态的阳光透过炎热而雾蒙蒙的空气耀眼：——走了，走了，卖掉了，去了稻田潮湿而孤独的沼泽，来自弗吉尼亚的山丘和水域——我有祸了，我的被偷走的东西女儿们！”
The hearth is desolate.
炉边一片荒凉。
The children, the unconscious children, who once sang and danced in her presence, are gone.
那些曾经在她面前唱歌、跳舞、失去知觉的孩子们，现在都消失了。
She gropes her way, in the darkness of age, for a drink of water.
她在岁月的黑暗中摸索着寻找水喝。
Instead of the voices of her children, she hears by day the moans of the dove, and by night the screams of the hideous owl.
她白天听到的不是孩子们的声音，而是鸽子的呻吟声，晚上则是可怕的猫头鹰的尖叫声。
All is gloom.
一切都是灰暗的。
The grave is at the door.
坟墓就在门口。
And now, when weighed down by the pains and aches of old age, when the head inclines to the feet, when the beginning and ending of human existence meet, and helpless infancy and painful old age combine together—at this time, this most needful time, the time for the exercise of that tenderness and affection which children only can exercise towards a declining parent—my poor old grandmother, the devoted mother of twelve children, is left all alone, in yonder little hut, before a few dim embers.
而现在，当年老的痛苦压垮时，当头向脚倾斜时，当人类存在的开始和结束相遇时，无助的婴儿期和痛苦的老年结合在一起时——在这个时候，这个最需要的时刻，只有孩子们才能对日渐衰弱的父母表现出温柔和感情的时候——我可怜的老祖母，十二个孩子的虔诚母亲，被独自留在那边的小茅屋里，在几片昏暗的余烬前。
She stands—she sits—she staggers—she falls—she groans—she dies—and there are none of her children or grandchildren present, to wipe from her wrinkled brow the cold sweat of death, or to place beneath the sod her fallen remains.
她站着、她坐着、她摇摇晃晃、她跌倒、她呻吟、她死了——而她的孩子或孙子们都没有在场，可以帮她擦掉因死亡而皱起的额头上的冷汗，也没有可以把她倒下的遗体放在草皮下面。
Will not a righteous God visit for these things?
公义的神不会为这些事而眷顾吗？
In about two years after the death of Mrs. Lucretia, Master Thomas married his second wife.
卢克丽霞夫人去世后大约两年，托马斯大师娶了他的第二任妻子。
Her name was Rowena Hamilton.
她的名字叫罗伊娜·汉密尔顿。
She was the eldest daughter of Mr. William Hamilton.
她是威廉·汉密尔顿先生的长女。
Master now lived in St. Michael’s.
师父现在住在圣米迦勒教堂。
Not long after his marriage, a misunderstanding took place between himself and Master Hugh; and as a means of punishing his brother, he took me from him to live with himself at St. Michael’s.
婚后不久，他与休老爷子之间就发生了误会；为了惩罚他的兄弟，他把我从他身边带走，和他一起住在圣迈克尔教堂。
Here I underwent another most painful separation.
在这里我又经历了一次最痛苦的分离。
It, however, was not so severe as the one I dreaded at the division of property; for, during this interval, a great change had taken place in Master Hugh and his once kind and affectionate wife.
然而，它并不像我在财产分割时所担心的那样严重。因为，在这段时间里，休大师和他曾经善良、深情的妻子发生了巨大的变化。
The influence of brandy upon him, and of slavery upon her, had effected a disastrous change in the characters of both; so that, as far as they were concerned, I thought I had little to lose by the change.
白兰地对他的影响和奴隶制对她的影响，使两人的性格发生了灾难性的变化。因此，就他们而言，我认为我不会因这一改变而失去什么。
But it was not to them that I was attached.
但我所依恋的并不是他们。
It was to those little Baltimore boys that I felt the strongest attachment.
我对那些巴尔的摩小男孩有最强烈的依恋。
I had received many good lessons from them, and was still receiving them, and the thought of leaving them was painful indeed.
我从他们那里得到了很多很好的教训，并且仍在接受他们，一想到要离开他们确实很痛苦。
I was leaving, too, without the hope of ever being allowed to return.
我也要离开，不希望再被允许回来。
Master Thomas had said he would never let me return again.
托马斯大师说过他不会再让我回来了。
The barrier betwixt himself and brother he considered impassable.
他认为自己和兄弟之间的障碍是无法逾越的。
I then had to regret that I did not at least make the attempt to carry out my resolution to run away; for the chances of success are tenfold greater from the city than from the country.
然后我不得不后悔自己至少没有尝试去执行我逃跑的决心。因为城市成功的机会比乡村高十倍。
I sailed from Baltimore for St. Michael’s in the sloop Amanda, Captain Edward Dodson.
我乘坐爱德华·多德森船长阿曼达号单桅帆船从巴尔的摩出发前往圣迈克尔。
On my passage, I paid particular attention to the direction which the steamboats took to go to Philadelphia.
在旅途中，我特别注意前往费城的轮船的方向。
I found, instead of going down, on reaching North Point they went up the bay, in a north-easterly direction.
我发现，到达北角后，他们并没有向下走，而是沿着海湾向东北方向走去。
I deemed this knowledge of the utmost importance.
我认为这些知识至关重要。
My determination to run away was again revived.
我逃跑的决心又燃了起来。
I resolved to wait only so long as the offering of a favorable opportunity.
我决定只要有有利的机会就等待。
When that came, I was determined to be off.
当那一刻到来时，我决定离开。
CHAPTER IX
第九章
I have now reached a period of my life when I can give dates.
我现在已经到了可以给出日期的人生阶段。
I left Baltimore, and went to live with Master Thomas Auld, at St. Michael’s, in March, 1832.
1832 年 3 月，我离开巴尔的摩，前往圣迈克尔教堂与托马斯·奥尔德大师同住。
It was now more than seven years since I lived with him in the family of my old master, on Colonel Lloyd’s plantation.
我和他一起住在老主人家里，劳埃德上校的种植园里，已经七年多了。
We of course were now almost entire strangers to each other.
当然，我们现在彼此几乎完全陌生了。
He was to me a new master, and I to him a new slave.
他对我来说是一个新的主人，我对他来说是一个新的奴隶。
I was ignorant of his temper and disposition; he was equally so of mine.
我不了解他的脾气和性情；他对我来说也同样如此。
A very short time, however, brought us into full acquaintance with each other.
然而，很短的时间让我们彼此熟悉了。
I was made acquainted with his wife not less than with himself.
我对他妻子的了解不亚于对他本人的了解。
They were well matched, being equally mean and cruel.
他们很般配，同样卑鄙、残忍。
I was now, for the first time during a space of more than seven years, made to feel the painful gnawings of hunger—a something which I had not experienced before since I left Colonel Lloyd’s plantation.
现在，七年多来，我第一次感受到饥饿的痛苦折磨——自从我离开劳埃德上校的种植园以来，这是我从未经历过的。
It went hard enough with me then, when I could look back to no period at which I had enjoyed a sufficiency.
那时对我来说已经够艰难的了，我无法回顾自己曾享受过的任何一个充实的时期。
It was tenfold harder after living in Master Hugh’s family, where I had always had enough to eat, and of that which was good.
住在休大师的家里后，生活变得更加困难，在那里我总是吃得饱饱的，而且还不错。
I have said Master Thomas was a mean man.
我说过托马斯大师是个卑鄙的人。
He was so.
他就是这样。
Not to give a slave enough to eat, is regarded as the most aggravated development of meanness even among slaveholders.
即使在奴隶主中，不给奴隶足够的食物也被认为是最卑鄙的行为。
The rule is, no matter how coarse the food, only let there be enough of it.
原则是，无论食物多粗，只要够吃就可以了。
This is the theory; and in the part of Maryland from which I came, it is the general practice,—though there are many exceptions.
这是理论；在我来自的马里兰州，这是普遍做法——尽管也有许多例外。
Master Thomas gave us enough of neither coarse nor fine food.
托马斯大师给了我们足够的不粗不细的食物。
There were four slaves of us in the kitchen—my sister Eliza, my aunt Priscilla, Henny, and myself; and we were allowed less than a half of a bushel of corn-meal per week, and very little else, either in the shape of meat or vegetables.
厨房里有我们四个奴隶——我的妹妹伊丽莎、我的阿姨普里西拉、亨尼和我自己。我们每周只能吃不到半蒲式耳的玉米粉，其他的肉类或蔬菜也很少。
It was not enough for us to subsist upon.
这还不足以让我们维持生计。
We were therefore reduced to the wretched necessity of living at the expense of our neighbors.
因此，我们陷入了以牺牲邻居为代价的悲惨境地。
This we did by begging and stealing, whichever came handy in the time of need, the one being considered as legitimate as the other.
我们通过乞讨和偷窃来做到这一点，无论哪一种在需要的时候派上用场，哪一种都被认为是合法的。
A great many times have we poor creatures been nearly perishing with hunger, when food in abundance lay mouldering in the safe and smoke-house, and our pious mistress was aware of the fact; and yet that mistress and her husband would kneel every morning, and pray that God would bless them in basket and store!
很多时候，当大量的食物在保险箱和烟房里腐烂时，我们这些可怜的生物几乎饿死了，而我们虔诚的女主人意识到了这一事实；然而，那位情妇和她的丈夫每天早上都会跪下，祈祷上帝保佑他们在篮子里和储藏室里！
Bad as all slaveholders are, we seldom meet one destitute of every element of character commanding respect.
尽管所有奴隶主都很糟糕，但我们很少遇到一个缺乏值得尊重的品格要素的人。
My master was one of this rare sort.
我的主人就是这种罕见的人之一。
I do not know of one single noble act ever performed by him.
我不知道他曾做过什么高尚的事。
The leading trait in his character was meanness; and if there were any other element in his nature, it was made subject to this.
他性格的主要特点是卑鄙。如果他的本性中有任何其他因素，那就受制于此。
He was mean; and, like most other mean men, he lacked the ability to conceal his meanness.
他很刻薄；而且，像大多数其他卑鄙的人一样，他缺乏隐藏自己卑鄙的能力。
Captain Auld was not born a slaveholder.
奥尔德船长并非生来就是奴隶主。
He had been a poor man, master only of a Bay craft.
他曾是一个穷人，只掌握了海湾手艺。
He came into possession of all his slaves by marriage; and of all men, adopted slaveholders are the worst.
他通过婚姻拥有了所有的奴隶。在所有人中，收养的奴隶主是最糟糕的。
He was cruel, but cowardly.
他很残忍，但也很懦弱。
He commanded without firmness.
他的命令并不坚决。
In the enforcement of his rules, he was at times rigid, and at times lax.
在执行他的规则时，他时而严厉，时而松懈。
At times, he spoke to his slaves with the firmness of Napoleon and the fury of a demon; at other times, he might well be mistaken for an inquirer who had lost his way.
有时，他对奴隶说话时带着拿破仑般的坚定和恶魔般的愤怒。有时，他很可能被误认为是迷路的询问者。
He did nothing of himself.
他自己什么也没做。
He might have passed for a lion, but for his ears.
如果不是他的耳朵，他可能会被误认为是狮子。
In all things noble which he attempted, his own meanness shone most conspicuous.
在他所尝试的一切高尚事物中，他自己的卑鄙却最为引人注目。
His airs, words, and actions, were the airs, words, and actions of born slaveholders, and, being assumed, were awkward enough.
他的神态、言语和行为，就是天生的奴隶主的神态、言语和行为，而且假设起来，也够尴尬的。
He was not even a good imitator.
他甚至不是一个好的模仿者。
He possessed all the disposition to deceive, but wanted the power.
他拥有一切欺骗的本性，但又想要权力。
Having no resources within himself, he was compelled to be the copyist of many, and being such, he was forever the victim of inconsistency; and of consequence he was an object of contempt, and was held as such even by his slaves.
由于自己没有资源，他被迫成为许多人的抄袭者，因此，他永远是不一致的受害者。结果，他成为了蔑视的对象，甚至连他的奴隶也这样认为。
The luxury of having slaves of his own to wait upon him was something new and unprepared for.
有自己的奴隶伺候他是一件新鲜事，也是他始料未及的。
He was a slaveholder without the ability to hold slaves.
他是一个奴隶主，没有能力拥有奴隶。
He found himself incapable of managing his slaves either by force, fear, or fraud.
他发现自己无法通过武力、恐惧或欺诈来管理他的奴隶。
We seldom called him “master;” we generally called him “Captain Auld,” and were hardly disposed to title him at all.
我们很少称他为“大师”；我们一般称他为“奥尔德船长”，根本不愿意给他起任何头衔。
I doubt not that our conduct had much to do with making him appear awkward, and of consequence fretful.
我毫不怀疑我们的行为让他看起来很尴尬，结果也很烦躁。
Our want of reverence for him must have perplexed him greatly.
我们对他缺乏尊敬一定让他非常困惑。
He wished to have us call him master, but lacked the firmness necessary to command us to do so.
他希望我们称他为主人，但缺乏命令我们这样做所需的坚定性。
His wife used to insist upon our calling him so, but to no purpose.
他的妻子曾经坚持要求我们这样称呼他，但没有任何效果。
In August, 1832, my master attended a Methodist camp-meeting held in the Bay-side, Talbot county, and there experienced religion.
1832年8月，我的师父参加了在塔尔伯特县湾畔举行的卫理公会帐篷大会，在那里体验了宗教。
I indulged a faint hope that his conversion would lead him to emancipate his slaves, and that, if he did not do this, it would, at any rate, make him more kind and humane.
我抱有一丝希望，希望他的皈依会导致他解放他的奴隶，而且，如果他不这样做，无论如何，这会让他变得更加仁慈和人道。
I was disappointed in both these respects.
我在这两方面都感到失望。
It neither made him to be humane to his slaves, nor to emancipate them.
它既没有使他对他的奴隶仁慈，也没有解放他们。
If it had any effect on his character, it made him more cruel and hateful in all his ways; for I believe him to have been a much worse man after his conversion than before.
如果说这对他的性格有什么影响的话，那就是让他在所有方面都变得更加残忍和可恨。因为我相信他在皈依之后比以前更糟糕了。
Prior to his conversion, he relied upon his own depravity to shield and sustain him in his savage barbarity; but after his conversion, he found religious sanction and support for his slaveholding cruelty.
在他皈依之前，他依靠自己的堕落来保护和支持他的野蛮行径。但在他皈依之后，他发现宗教制裁和支持他的奴隶制残酷行为。
He made the greatest pretensions to piety.
他极力假装虔诚。
His house was the house of prayer.
他的家是祷告的殿。
He prayed morning, noon, and night.
他早上、中午、晚上都祷告。
He very soon distinguished himself among his brethren, and was soon made a class-leader and exhorter.
他很快就在弟兄中脱颖而出，并很快成为班级领袖和劝诫者。
His activity in revivals was great, and he proved himself an instrument in the hands of the church in converting many souls.
他在复兴方面的活动是伟大的，他证明自己是教会手中使许多灵魂归信的工具。
His house was the preachers’ home.
他的家是传道人的家。
They used to take great pleasure in coming there to put up; for while he starved us, he stuffed them.
他们常常很高兴到那里去住宿。因为他一边让我们挨饿，一边让我们吃饱。
We have had three or four preachers there at a time.
我们一次有三四个传道人在那里。
The names of those who used to come most frequently while I lived there, were Mr. Storks, Mr. Ewery, Mr. Humphry, and Mr. Hickey.
我住在那里的时候，最常来的人是鹳先生、埃韦里先生、汉弗莱先生和希基先生。
I have also seen Mr. George Cookman at our house.
我还在我们家见过乔治·库克曼先生。
We slaves loved Mr. Cookman.
我们奴隶都很喜欢库克曼先生。
We believed him to be a good man.
我们相信他是一个好人。
We thought him instrumental in getting Mr. Samuel Harrison, a very rich slaveholder, to emancipate his slaves; and by some means got the impression that he was laboring to effect the emancipation of all the slaves.
我们认为他在让塞缪尔·哈里森先生（一位非常富有的奴隶主）解放他的奴隶方面发挥了重要作用。并通过某种方式给人留下这样的印象：他正在努力实现所有奴隶的解放。
When he was at our house, we were sure to be called in to prayers.
当他在我们家时，我们肯定会被叫去祈祷。
When the others were there, we were sometimes called in and sometimes not.
当其他人在那里时，我们有时被叫进去，有时则没有。
Mr. Cookman took more notice of us than either of the other ministers.
库克曼先生比其他任何一位部长都更关心我们。
He could not come among us without betraying his sympathy for us, and, stupid as we were, we had the sagacity to see it.
他不可能来到我们中间而不背叛他对我们的同情，而且，尽管我们很愚蠢，我们却有智慧看到了这一点。
While I lived with my master in St. Michael’s, there was a white young man, a Mr. Wilson, who proposed to keep a Sabbath school for the instruction of such slaves as might be disposed to learn to read the New Testament.
当我和我的主人住在圣迈克尔时，有一个白人年轻人，威尔逊先生，他提议开办一所安息日学校，以指导那些可能愿意学习阅读新约的奴隶。
We met but three times, when Mr. West and Mr. Fairbanks, both class-leaders, with many others, came upon us with sticks and other missiles, drove us off, and forbade us to meet again.
我们只见过三次面，当时韦斯特先生和费尔班克斯先生，两位班级领袖，以及其他许多人，拿着棍棒和其他导弹袭击我们，把我们赶走了，并禁止我们再次见面。
Thus ended our little Sabbath school in the pious town of St. Michael’s.
我们在虔诚的圣迈克尔镇的小安息日学校就这样结束了。
I have said my master found religious sanction for his cruelty.
我说过我的主人因其残忍行为而受到宗教制裁。
As an example, I will state one of many facts going to prove the charge.
作为一个例子，我将陈述证明指控的众多事实之一。
I have seen him tie up a lame young woman, and whip her with a heavy cowskin upon her naked shoulders, causing the warm red blood to drip; and, in justification of the bloody deed, he would quote this passage of Scripture—“He that knoweth his master’s will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many stripes.”
我曾见过他把一个瘸腿的年轻女子绑起来，用厚重的牛皮鞭打她裸露的肩膀，让她流下温热的鲜血；为了证明这一血腥行为的正当性，他引用了这段经文：“明知主人意愿而不遵行的，必受鞭打。”
Master would keep this lacerated young woman tied up in this horrid situation four or five hours at a time.
师父会把这个被撕裂的年轻女子绑在这种可怕的情况下，每次四五个小时。
I have known him to tie her up early in the morning, and whip her before breakfast; leave her, go to his store, return at dinner, and whip her again, cutting her in the places already made raw with his cruel lash.
我知道他一大早就把她绑起来，在早饭前鞭打她。离开她，去他的商店，吃晚饭时回来，再次鞭打她，把她已经被他残忍的鞭子打得生疼的地方割伤了。
The secret of master’s cruelty toward “Henny” is found in the fact of her being almost helpless.
主人对“亨妮”残忍的秘密就在于她几乎无助的事实。
When quite a child, she fell into the fire, and burned herself horribly.
当她还是个孩子的时候，她掉进火里，被严重烧伤。
Her hands were so burnt that she never got the use of them.
她的双手被严重烧伤，根本无法使用。
She could do very little but bear heavy burdens.
她能做的事很少，却背负着沉重的负担。
She was to master a bill of expense; and as he was a mean man, she was a constant offence to him.
她要掌握一份费用清单；由于他是个卑鄙的人，她总是冒犯他。
He seemed desirous of getting the poor girl out of existence.
他似乎渴望让这个可怜的女孩消失。
He gave her away once to his sister; but, being a poor gift, she was not disposed to keep her.
有一次他把她送给了他的妹妹。但由于她的礼物很差劲，所以她不打算留下她。
Finally, my benevolent master, to use his own words, “set her adrift to take care of herself.” Here was a recently-converted man, holding on upon the mother, and at the same time turning out her helpless child, to starve and die!
最后，用我仁慈的师父自己的话说，“让她漂流自保”。这是一个新近皈依的人，紧紧抓住母亲，同时又把她无助的孩子饿死！
Master Thomas was one of the many pious slaveholders who hold slaves for the very charitable purpose of taking care of them.
托马斯大师是众多虔诚的奴隶主之一，他们出于照顾奴隶的慈善目的而持有奴隶。
My master and myself had quite a number of differences.
我和我的师父有很多不同之处。
He found me unsuitable to his purpose.
他发现我不适合他的目的。
My city life, he said, had had a very pernicious effect upon me.
他说，我的城市生活对我产生了非常有害的影响。
It had almost ruined me for every good purpose, and fitted me for every thing which was bad.
它几乎毁掉了我的每一个美好目标，也让我适合做每一个坏事。
One of my greatest faults was that of letting his horse run away, and go down to his father-in-law’s farm, which was about five miles from St. Michael’s.
我最大的错误之一就是让他的马跑了，跑到了他岳父的农场，那里距离圣迈克尔大约有五英里。
I would then have to go after it.
然后我就必须去追寻它。
My reason for this kind of carelessness, or carefulness, was, that I could always get something to eat when I went there.
我之所以如此粗心，或者说小心，是因为我去那里总能找到吃的。
Master William Hamilton, my master’s father-in-law, always gave his slaves enough to eat.
我主人的岳父威廉·汉密尔顿主人总是给他的奴隶足够的食物。
I never left there hungry, no matter how great the need of my speedy return.
我从不饿着肚子离开那里，无论我多么迫切地需要尽快返回。
Master Thomas at length said he would stand it no longer.
托马斯大师最后说他再也忍受不了了。
I had lived with him nine months, during which time he had given me a number of severe whippings, all to no good purpose.
我和他一起生活了九个月，期间他对我进行了多次严厉的鞭打，但都没有什么好处。
He resolved to put me out, as he said, to be broken; and, for this purpose, he let me for one year to a man named Edward Covey.
正如他所说，他决定把我赶出去，让我心碎。为此，他让我在一个名叫爱德华·科维的人那里工作一年。
Mr. Covey was a poor man, a farm-renter.
科维先生是一个穷人，一个农场租客。
He rented the place upon which he lived, as also the hands with which he tilled it.
他租用了自己居住的地方，也租用了耕种的双手。
Mr. Covey had acquired a very high reputation for breaking young slaves, and this reputation was of immense value to him.
科维先生因虐待年轻奴隶而获得很高的声誉，这种声誉对他来说具有巨大的价值。
It enabled him to get his farm tilled with much less expense to himself than he could have had it done without such a reputation.
这使他能够以比没有这样的声誉时少得多的费用来耕种他的农场。
Some slaveholders thought it not much loss to allow Mr. Covey to have their slaves one year, for the sake of the training to which they were subjected, without any other compensation.
一些奴隶主认为，为了让科维先生接受他们的奴隶一年的训练，而不给予任何其他补偿，这并没有多大损失。
He could hire young help with great ease, in consequence of this reputation.
凭借这样的声誉，他可以轻松聘请年轻助手。
Added to the natural good qualities of Mr. Covey, he was a professor of religion—a pious soul—a member and a class-leader in the Methodist church.
除了科维先生天生的优良品质之外，他还是一名宗教教授——一个虔诚的灵魂——卫理公会的成员和班级领袖。
All of this added weight to his reputation as a “nigger-breaker.” I was aware of all the facts, having been made acquainted with them by a young man who had lived there.
所有这些都增加了他“黑鬼破坏者”的名声。我知道所有的事实，是由一位住在那里的年轻人向我介绍的。
I nevertheless made the change gladly; for I was sure of getting enough to eat, which is not the smallest consideration to a hungry man.
尽管如此，我还是很高兴地做出了改变；因为我确信自己能吃饱，这对于一个饥饿的人来说并不是最小的考虑。
CHAPTER X
第十章
I had left Master Thomas’s house, and went to live with Mr. Covey, on the 1st of January, 1833.
1833 年 1 月 1 日，我离开了托马斯大师的家，去和科维先生住在一起。
I was now, for the first time in my life, a field hand.
现在，我有生以来第一次成为一名田野工人。
In my new employment, I found myself even more awkward than a country boy appeared to be in a large city.
在我的新工作中，我发现自己比一个乡村男孩在大城市还要尴尬。
I had been at my new home but one week before Mr. Covey gave me a very severe whipping, cutting my back, causing the blood to run, and raising ridges on my flesh as large as my little finger.
我刚回到新家，但一周前，科维先生对我进行了一次非常严厉的鞭打，我的背被划破，血流出来，我的肉上出现了小指那么大的隆起。
The details of this affair are as follows: Mr. Covey sent me, very early in the morning of one of our coldest days in the month of January, to the woods, to get a load of wood.
这件事的详细情况如下：在一月份我们最冷的日子之一的清晨，科维先生派我去树林里取一车木头。
He gave me a team of unbroken oxen.
他给了我一队完整的牛。
He told me which was the in-hand ox, and which the off-hand one.
他告诉我哪一头是手里的牛，哪一头是副手的牛。
He then tied the end of a large rope around the horns of the in-hand ox, and gave me the other end of it, and told me, if the oxen started to run, that I must hold on upon the rope.
然后他把一根大绳子的一端绑在手上牛的角上，把另一端给了我，并告诉我，如果牛开始跑，我必须抓住绳子。
I had never driven oxen before, and of course I was very awkward.
我以前从来没有赶过牛，当然很笨拙。
I, however, succeeded in getting to the edge of the woods with little difficulty; but I had got a very few rods into the woods, when the oxen took fright, and started full tilt, carrying the cart against trees, and over stumps, in the most frightful manner.
然而，我却毫不费力地到达了树林边缘。但我在树林里打了几根棍子，牛就受到了惊吓，开始全速倾斜，把车推到树上，越过树桩，以最可怕的方式。
I expected every moment that my brains would be dashed out against the trees.
我每时每刻都预料到我的大脑会被撞到树上。
After running thus for a considerable distance, they finally upset the cart, dashing it with great force against a tree, and threw themselves into a dense thicket.
跑了好远，终于把车翻倒了，用力把车撞到树上，掉进了茂密的灌木丛里。
How I escaped death, I do not know.
我不知道我是如何逃脱死亡的。
There I was, entirely alone, in a thick wood, in a place new to me.
我独自一人，在一片茂密的树林里，在一个对我来说陌生的地方。
My cart was upset and shattered, my oxen were entangled among the young trees, and there was none to help me.
我的车翻倒了，摔碎了，我的牛被小树缠住了，没有人来帮助我。
After a long spell of effort, I succeeded in getting my cart righted, my oxen disentangled, and again yoked to the cart.
经过很长时间的努力，我终于把车扶正了，牛也解开了，重新套在车上。
I now proceeded with my team to the place where I had, the day before, been chopping wood, and loaded my cart pretty heavily, thinking in this way to tame my oxen.
我现在和我的团队一起前往前一天我砍柴的地方，并把我的车装得很重，想着用这种方式驯服我的牛。
I then proceeded on my way home.
然后我继续踏上回家的路。
I had now consumed one half of the day.
我现在已经消耗了半天的时间了。
I got out of the woods safely, and now felt out of danger.
我安全地离开了树林，现在感觉脱离了危险。
I stopped my oxen to open the woods gate; and just as I did so, before I could get hold of my ox-rope, the oxen again started, rushed through the gate, catching it between the wheel and the body of the cart, tearing it to pieces, and coming within a few inches of crushing me against the gate-post.
我拦住牛去打开林门；就在我这样做的时候，还没等我抓住牛绳，那头牛又开始了，冲进大门，把它夹在车轮和车体之间，把它撕成碎片，差点把我压在门柱上。
Thus twice, in one short day, I escaped death by the merest chance.
就这样，在短短的一天之内，我两次侥幸逃脱了死亡。
On my return, I told Mr. Covey what had happened, and how it happened.
回来后，我告诉科维先生发生了什么事以及它是如何发生的。
He ordered me to return to the woods again immediately.
他命令我立即返回树林。
I did so, and he followed on after me.
我照做了，他也跟着我。
Just as I got into the woods, he came up and told me to stop my cart, and that he would teach me how to trifle away my time, and break gates.
当我进入树林时，他走过来叫我停下车，他会教我如何消磨时间，如何打破大门。
He then went to a large gum-tree, and with his axe cut three large switches, and, after trimming them up neatly with his pocketknife, he ordered me to take off my clothes.
然后他走到一棵大橡胶树前，用斧头砍下了三个大枝条，用小刀把它们修剪整齐后，他命令我脱掉衣服。
I made him no answer, but stood with my clothes on.
我没有回答他，只是穿着衣服站着。
He repeated his order.
他重复了他的命令。
I still made him no answer, nor did I move to strip myself.
我仍然没有回答他，也没有脱掉衣服。
Upon this he rushed at me with the fierceness of a tiger, tore off my clothes, and lashed me till he had worn out his switches, cutting me so savagely as to leave the marks visible for a long time after.
说完，他猛虎般地向我扑来，撕下我的衣服，用鞭子抽打我，直到把我的鞭子都打坏了，割伤我的痕迹很长一段时间都清晰可见。
This whipping was the first of a number just like it, and for similar offences.
这次鞭打是针对类似罪行的一系列类似鞭打中的第一次。
I lived with Mr. Covey one year.
我和科维先生住了一年。
During the first six months, of that year, scarce a week passed without his whipping me.
那年头六个月里，他几乎每周都鞭打我。
I was seldom free from a sore back.
我很少摆脱背部酸痛的困扰。
My awkwardness was almost always his excuse for whipping me.
我的尴尬几乎总是他鞭打我的借口。
We were worked fully up to the point of endurance.
我们全力以赴，达到了忍耐的程度。
Long before day we were up, our horses fed, and by the first approach of day we were off to the field with our hoes and ploughing teams.
天还没亮，我们就起床了，喂马，天一亮，我们就带着锄头和犁地队出发去田野了。
Mr. Covey gave us enough to eat, but scarce time to eat it.
科维先生给了我们足够的食物，但我们吃的时间很少。
We were often less than five minutes taking our meals.
我们吃饭的时间常常不到五分钟。
We were often in the field from the first approach of day till its last lingering ray had left us; and at saving-fodder time, midnight often caught us in the field binding blades.
我们经常从黎明时分一直呆在田野里，直到最后一抹余晖离开我们。在节省饲料的时候，我们经常在午夜时分去田里装刀片。
Covey would be out with us.
科维会和我们一起出去。
The way he used to stand it, was this.
他以前的忍受方式是这样的。
He would spend the most of his afternoons in bed.
他下午的大部分时间都在床上度过。
He would then come out fresh in the evening, ready to urge us on with his words, example, and frequently with the whip.
然后他会在晚上精神抖擞地出来，准备好用他的话语、榜样来敦促我们前进，并且经常用鞭子鞭打我们。
Mr. Covey was one of the few slaveholders who could and did work with his hands.
科维先生是少数能够并且确实用手工作的奴隶主之一。
He was a hard-working man.
他是一个勤奋的人。
He knew by himself just what a man or a boy could do.
他自己知道一个男人或一个男孩能做什么。
There was no deceiving him.
没有什么可以欺骗他的。
His work went on in his absence almost as well as in his presence; and he had the faculty of making us feel that he was ever present with us.
他不在的时候和他在的时候，他的工作几乎都在继续。他有能力让我们感觉他一直在我们身边。
This he did by surprising us.
他做到了这一点，让我们大吃一惊。
He seldom approached the spot where we were at work openly, if he could do it secretly.
如果可以秘密的话，他很少公开接近我们工作的地方。
He always aimed at taking us by surprise.
他总是想给我们一个惊喜。
Such was his cunning, that we used to call him, among ourselves, “the snake.” When we were at work in the cornfield, he would sometimes crawl on his hands and knees to avoid detection, and all at once he would rise nearly in our midst, and scream out, “Ha, ha!
他非常狡猾，我们内部常常称他为“蛇”。当我们在玉米地里干活的时候，他有时会用手和膝盖爬行以避免被发现，然后突然他会几乎在我们中间站起来，大声尖叫：“哈，哈！
Come, come!
来吧，来吧！
Dash on, dash on!” This being his mode of attack, it was never safe to stop a single minute.
冲啊冲啊！”这就是他的攻击方式，一刻都不能停下来。
His comings were like a thief in the night.
他的到来就像夜间的小偷。
He appeared to us as being ever at hand.
他对我们来说就像是随时都在身边。
He was under every tree, behind every stump, in every bush, and at every window, on the plantation.
他在种植园的每棵树下、每一个树桩后面、每一个灌木丛中、每一个窗户旁。
He would sometimes mount his horse, as if bound to St. Michael’s, a distance of seven miles, and in half an hour afterwards you would see him coiled up in the corner of the wood-fence, watching every motion of the slaves.
有时他会骑上马，仿佛被束缚在七英里之外的圣迈克尔教堂，半小时后你会看到他蜷缩在木栅栏的角落里，注视着奴隶们的一举一动。
He would, for this purpose, leave his horse tied up in the woods.
为此，他会把马拴在树林里。
Again, he would sometimes walk up to us, and give us orders as though he was upon the point of starting on a long journey, turn his back upon us, and make as though he was going to the house to get ready; and, before he would get half way thither, he would turn short and crawl into a fence-corner, or behind some tree, and there watch us till the going down of the sun.
有时，他也会走到我们面前，向我们发号施令，就好像他要开始一段长途旅行一样，然后又转过身背对着我们，好像他要回家去做好准备一样。在到达一半之前，他会突然变短，爬进栅栏角落，或者某棵树后面，在那里看着我们，直到太阳落山。
Mr. Covey’s _forte_ consisted in his power to deceive.
柯维先生的强项在于他的欺骗能力。
His life was devoted to planning and perpetrating the grossest deceptions.
他的一生致力于策划和实施最严重的欺骗。
Every thing he possessed in the shape of learning or religion, he made conform to his disposition to deceive.
他所拥有的一切以学识或宗教形式存在的东西，都符合他的欺骗倾向。
He seemed to think himself equal to deceiving the Almighty.
他似乎认为自己足以欺骗全能者。
He would make a short prayer in the morning, and a long prayer at night; and, strange as it may seem, few men would at times appear more devotional than he.
他早上会做一个简短的祈祷，晚上会做一个长的祈祷。而且，尽管看起来很奇怪，很少有人有时会表现得比他更虔诚。
The exercises of his family devotions were always commenced with singing; and, as he was a very poor singer himself, the duty of raising the hymn generally came upon me.
他的家庭灵修活动总是以歌唱开始。而且，由于他本人是一位非常贫穷的歌手，所以唱赞美诗的责任通常落在我身上。
He would read his hymn, and nod at me to commence.
他会读他的赞美诗，然后向我点头开始。
I would at times do so; at others, I would not.
我有时会这样做；在其他人看来，我不会。
My non-compliance would almost always produce much confusion.
我的不遵守几乎总是会产生很多混乱。
To show himself independent of me, he would start and stagger through with his hymn in the most discordant manner.
为了表明他自己独立于我，他会以最不和谐的方式开始并摇摇晃晃地唱着他的赞美诗。
In this state of mind, he prayed with more than ordinary spirit.
在这种心态下，他以超乎常人的精神祈祷。
Poor man!
可怜的人！
such was his disposition, and success at deceiving, I do verily believe that he sometimes deceived himself into the solemn belief, that he was a sincere worshipper of the most high God; and this, too, at a time when he may be said to have been guilty of compelling his woman slave to commit the sin of adultery.
这就是他的性情，以及他在欺骗方面的成功，我确实相信，他有时会欺骗自己，让自己相信自己是至高上帝的真诚崇拜者。而且这也是在他可能被认为犯有强迫他的女奴隶犯下通奸罪的时候。
The facts in the case are these: Mr. Covey was a poor man; he was just commencing in life; he was only able to buy one slave; and, shocking as is the fact, he bought her, as he said, for _a breeder_.
该案的事实是这样的：柯维先生是一个穷人；他的人生才刚刚开始；他只能购买一名奴隶；而且，令人震惊的是，正如他所说，他为_饲养员_买下了她。
This woman was named Caroline.
这个女人名叫卡罗琳。
Mr. Covey bought her from Mr. Thomas Lowe, about six miles from St. Michael’s.
科维先生从距离圣迈克尔学院约六英里的托马斯·洛先生那里买下了她。
She was a large, able-bodied woman, about twenty years old.
她是个身材高大、身体健壮的女人，大约二十岁左右。
She had already given birth to one child, which proved her to be just what he wanted.
她已经生了一个孩子，这证明她正是他想要的。
After buying her, he hired a married man of Mr. Samuel Harrison, to live with him one year; and him he used to fasten up with her every night!
买下她后，他雇佣了塞缪尔·哈里森先生的一位已婚男子，与他同住一年；而他，他曾经每天晚上都和她紧紧地在一起！
The result was, that, at the end of the year, the miserable woman gave birth to twins.
结果，到了年底，这个可怜的女人生下了双胞胎。
At this result Mr. Covey seemed to be highly pleased, both with the man and the wretched woman.
对于这个结果，科维先生似乎对这个男人和这个可怜的女人都非常满意。
Such was his joy, and that of his wife, that nothing they could do for Caroline during her confinement was too good, or too hard, to be done.
他和他的妻子都很高兴，在卡罗琳坐月子期间，他们为她做的任何事情都不是太好，也不是太难。
The children were regarded as being quite an addition to his wealth.
孩子们被认为是他财富的一大补充。
If at any one time of my life more than another, I was made to drink the bitterest dregs of slavery, that time was during the first six months of my stay with Mr. Covey.
如果说我生命中的某个时刻比另一个时刻更让我喝下最苦涩的奴隶制渣滓的话，那就是我和科维先生在一起的头六个月。
We were worked in all weathers.
我们在各种天气条件下工作。
It was never too hot or too cold; it could never rain, blow, hail, or snow, too hard for us to work in the field.
天气永远不会太热或太冷；永远不会下雨、刮风、冰雹或雪，这对我们在田间工作来说太难了。
Work, work, work, was scarcely more the order of the day than of the night.
工作，工作，工作，白天的事和晚上的事一样。
The longest days were too short for him, and the shortest nights too long for him.
最长的白天对他来说太短，最短的夜晚对他来说又太长。
I was somewhat unmanageable when I first went there, but a few months of this discipline tamed me.
当我第一次去那里时，我有点难以管理，但几个月的这种纪律让我驯服了。
Mr. Covey succeeded in breaking me.
科维先生成功地击垮了我。
I was broken in body, soul, and spirit.
我的身体、灵魂和精神都破碎了。
My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!
我天生的弹性被摧毁了，我的智力日渐衰弱，阅读的倾向消失了，我眼中徘徊的欢快的火花也消失了；奴隶制的黑夜向我逼近；看哪，一个人变成了一个畜生！
Sunday was my only leisure time.
周日是我唯一的休闲时间。
I spent this in a sort of beast-like stupor, between sleep and wake, under some large tree.
我在一棵大树下，在睡与醒之间，在一种野兽般的昏迷中度过了这段时间。
At times I would rise up, a flash of energetic freedom would dart through my soul, accompanied with a faint beam of hope, that flickered for a moment, and then vanished.
有时我站起来，一股充满活力的自由会闪过我的灵魂，伴随着微弱的希望之光，闪烁片刻，然后消失。
I sank down again, mourning over my wretched condition.
我再次坐了下来，为自己的悲惨处境而哀悼。
I was sometimes prompted to take my life, and that of Covey, but was prevented by a combination of hope and fear.
有时我会被提示要结束自己和科维的生命，但由于希望和恐惧的结合而被阻止。
My sufferings on this plantation seem now like a dream rather than a stern reality.
我在这个种植园里所受的苦难现在看起来就像是一场梦，而不是严峻的现实。
Our house stood within a few rods of the Chesapeake Bay, whose broad bosom was ever white with sails from every quarter of the habitable globe.
我们的房子距离切萨皮克湾只有几杆远，宽阔的海湾永远是白色的，来自地球上每一个可居住地区的帆。
Those beautiful vessels, robed in purest white, so delightful to the eye of freemen, were to me so many shrouded ghosts, to terrify and torment me with thoughts of my wretched condition.
那些美丽的器皿，穿着洁白的长袍，在自由人看来是如此令人愉悦，但对我来说却是许多笼罩在阴影中的幽灵，一想到我的悲惨处境，它们就让我感到恐惧和折磨。
I have often, in the deep stillness of a summer’s Sabbath, stood all alone upon the lofty banks of that noble bay, and traced, with saddened heart and tearful eye, the countless number of sails moving off to the mighty ocean.
我常常在夏日安息日的深沉寂静中，独自站在那高贵海湾的高岸上，怀着悲伤的心和泪眼，追寻着无数的帆驶向浩瀚的大海。
The sight of these always affected me powerfully.
这些景象总是对我产生强烈的影响。
My thoughts would compel utterance; and there, with no audience but the Almighty, I would pour out my soul’s complaint, in my rude way, with an apostrophe to the moving multitude of ships:—
我的思想迫使我说出话来；在那里，除了全能的上帝之外，没有任何观众，我会以粗鲁的方式倾诉我灵魂的抱怨，并在移动的众多船只上加上撇号：
“You are loosed from your moorings, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and am a slave!
“你从系泊处解脱出来，是自由的；我却被锁链牢牢锁住，是奴隶！
You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the bloody whip!
你在微风前欢快地走动，我在血腥的鞭子前悲伤地走动！
You are freedom’s swift-winged angels, that fly round the world; I am confined in bands of iron!
你们是自由的迅翼天使，飞翔在世界各地；我被铁箍束缚了！
O that I were free!
哦，但愿我自由了！
O, that I were on one of your gallant decks, and under your protecting wing!
哦，但愿我在你英勇的甲板上，在你的保护翼下！
Alas!
唉！
betwixt me and you, the turbid waters roll.
我和你之间，浑水滚滚。
Go on, go on.
继续，继续。
O that I could also go!
哦，但愿我也能去！
Could I but swim!
我只能游泳吗！
If I could fly!
如果我会飞就好了！
O, why was I born a man, of whom to make a brute!
哦，为什么我生来就是一个男人，而我却把他变成了一个畜生！
The glad ship is gone; she hides in the dim distance.
快乐的船已远去；她躲在昏暗的远方。
I am left in the hottest hell of unending slavery.
我被留在了无尽奴役的最热地狱中。
O God, save me!
神啊，救救我吧！
God, deliver me!
神啊，救救我吧！
Let me be free!
让我自由吧！
Is there any God?
有神吗？
Why am I a slave?
为什么我是奴隶？
I will run away.
我会逃跑。
I will not stand it.
我不会忍受的。
Get caught, or get clear, I’ll try it.
被抓住，或者澄清，我会尝试一下。
I had as well die with ague as the fever.
我也死于疟疾和发烧。
I have only one life to lose.
我只能失去一条生命。
I had as well be killed running as die standing.
我要么跑着死，要么站着死。
Only think of it; one hundred miles straight north, and I am free!
只想一下；向北直行一百英里，我就自由了！
Try it?
尝试一下吗？
Yes!
是的！
God helping me, I will.
上帝帮助我，我会的。
It cannot be that I shall live and die a slave.
我不可能以奴隶的身份生活和死去。
I will take to the water.
我会去水里。
This very bay shall yet bear me into freedom.
这个海湾将带我进入自由。
The steamboats steered in a north-east course from North Point.
汽船从北角出发，沿东北方向航行。
I will do the same; and when I get to the head of the bay, I will turn my canoe adrift, and walk straight through Delaware into Pennsylvania.
我也会这样做；当我到达海湾的尽头时，我将让我的独木舟随波逐流，径直穿过特拉华州进入宾夕法尼亚州。
When I get there, I shall not be required to have a pass; I can travel without being disturbed.
当我到达那里时，我不会被要求持有通行证；我可以不受打扰地旅行。
Let but the first opportunity offer, and, come what will, I am off.
只要有第一个机会，无论发生什么，我都会离开。
Meanwhile, I will try to bear up under the yoke.
同时，我也会努力承受枷锁。
I am not the only slave in the world.
我不是世界上唯一的奴隶。
Why should I fret?
我为什么要烦恼？
I can bear as much as any of them.
我能忍受他们中的任何一个人。
Besides, I am but a boy, and all boys are bound to some one.
再说了，我只是一个男孩，所有的男孩都注定要与某个人结下不解之缘。
It may be that my misery in slavery will only increase my happiness when I get free.
也许当我获得自由时，我在奴隶制中的痛苦只会增加我的幸福感。
There is a better day coming.”
更好的一天即将到来。”
Thus I used to think, and thus I used to speak to myself; goaded almost to madness at one moment, and at the next reconciling myself to my wretched lot.
我曾经如此思考，也如此自言自语；这一刻我几乎被逼疯了，但下一刻我就接受了自己的不幸命运。
I have already intimated that my condition was much worse, during the first six months of my stay at Mr. Covey’s, than in the last six.
我已经说过，我在柯维先生家的头六个月里，我的状况比过去六个月要糟糕得多。
The circumstances leading to the change in Mr. Covey’s course toward me form an epoch in my humble history.
导致柯维先生对我态度发生改变的情况，构成了我卑微历史中的一个新纪元。
You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man.
你已经看到一个人是如何成为奴隶的；你将会看到一个奴隶是如何变成一个男人的。
On one of the hottest days of the month of August, 1833, Bill Smith, William Hughes, a slave named Eli, and myself, were engaged in fanning wheat.
1833 年 8 月最热的一天，比尔·史密斯、威廉·休斯、一个名叫伊莱的奴隶和我正在扇动小麦。
Hughes was clearing the fanned wheat from before the fan.
休斯正在清理扇子前被扇动的小麦。
Eli was turning, Smith was feeding, and I was carrying wheat to the fan.
伊莱在转身，史密斯在喂食，而我则把小麦送到风扇前。
The work was simple, requiring strength rather than intellect; yet, to one entirely unused to such work, it came very hard.
这项工作很简单，需要的是力量而不是智力；然而，对于一个完全不习惯这种工作的人来说，这是非常困难的。
About three o’clock of that day, I broke down; my strength failed me; I was seized with a violent aching of the head, attended with extreme dizziness; I trembled in every limb.
那天下午三点左右，我崩溃了；我的力气耗尽了；我感到头剧烈疼痛，并伴有极度头晕。我的四肢都在颤抖。
Finding what was coming, I nerved myself up, feeling it would never do to stop work.
发现即将发生的事情后，我给自己鼓起勇气，觉得停止工作是永远做不到的。
I stood as long as I could stagger to the hopper with grain.
我一直站着，直到能踉踉跄跄地走向装有谷物的料斗。
When I could stand no longer, I fell, and felt as if held down by an immense weight.
当我再也站不起来的时候，我摔倒了，感觉好像被一个巨大的重量压住了。
The fan of course stopped; every one had his own work to do; and no one could do the work of the other, and have his own go on at the same time.
风扇当然停了；每个人都有自己的工作要做；没有人可以一边做别人的工作，一边继续自己的工作。
Mr. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning.
科维先生就在房子里，距离我们扇风的踏脚场大约有一百码。
On hearing the fan stop, he left immediately, and came to the spot where we were.
听到风扇停了，他就立刻离开，来到了我们所在的地方。
He hastily inquired what the matter was.
他连忙询问到底是怎么回事。
Bill answered that I was sick, and there was no one to bring wheat to the fan.
比尔回答说我病了，没有人给扇子送小麦。
I had by this time crawled away under the side of the post and rail-fence by which the yard was enclosed, hoping to find relief by getting out of the sun.
这时我已经爬到院子周围的柱子和铁栅栏的一侧，希望能通过躲避阳光来缓解一下。
He then asked where I was.
然后他问我在哪里。
He was told by one of the hands.
其中一只手告诉他。
He came to the spot, and, after looking at me awhile, asked me what was the matter.
他来到现场，看了我一会儿，问我出了什么事。
I told him as well as I could, for I scarce had strength to speak.
我尽我所能告诉他，因为我几乎没有力气说话。
He then gave me a savage kick in the side, and told me to get up.
然后他狠狠地踢了我一脚，叫我站起来。
I tried to do so, but fell back in the attempt.
我尝试这样做，但在尝试中失败了。
He gave me another kick, and again told me to rise.
他又踢了我一脚，再次叫我站起来。
I again tried, and succeeded in gaining my feet; but, stooping to get the tub with which I was feeding the fan, I again staggered and fell.
我再次尝试，终于站稳了脚跟。但是，当我弯腰去拿我用来给风扇喂食的浴缸时，我再次踉踉跄跄地摔倒了。
While down in this situation, Mr. Covey took up the hickory slat with which Hughes had been striking off the half-bushel measure, and with it gave me a heavy blow upon the head, making a large wound, and the blood ran freely; and with this again told me to get up.
就在这种情况下，科维先生拿起了休斯用来敲击半蒲式耳量器的山核桃木板条，用它重重地击打了我的头部，造成了一个很大的伤口，鲜血直流。并再次叫我起床。
I made no effort to comply, having now made up my mind to let him do his worst.
我没有努力去遵守，现在我决定让他做最坏的事情。
In a short time after receiving this blow, my head grew better.
受到这一击之后没多久，我的头就长好了。
Mr. Covey had now left me to my fate.
科维先生现在让我听天由命了。
At this moment I resolved, for the first time, to go to my master, enter a complaint, and ask his protection.
这时我第一次下定决心，要去找我的主人，向他申诉，请求他的保护。
In order to do this, I must that afternoon walk seven miles; and this, under the circumstances, was truly a severe undertaking.
为了做到这一点，我必须在那天下午步行七英里；在当时的情况下，这确实是一项艰巨的任务。
I was exceedingly feeble; made so as much by the kicks and blows which I received, as by the severe fit of sickness to which I had been subjected.
我非常虚弱；这不仅是因为我受到的拳打脚踢，也因为我所患的重病。
I, however, watched my chance, while Covey was looking in an opposite direction, and started for St. Michael’s.
然而，当科维朝相反的方向看时，我抓住了机会，开始前往圣迈克尔学院。
I succeeded in getting a considerable distance on my way to the woods, when Covey discovered me, and called after me to come back, threatening what he would do if I did not come.
我成功地在去树林的路上走了相当远的距离，这时科维发现了我，并喊我回来，威胁说如果我不来他会做什么。
I disregarded both his calls and his threats, and made my way to the woods as fast as my feeble state would allow; and thinking I might be overhauled by him if I kept the road, I walked through the woods, keeping far enough from the road to avoid detection, and near enough to prevent losing my way.
我无视他的呼唤和威胁，以我虚弱的身体允许的最快速度向树林走去。我想着如果我不走路的话可能会被他彻底检查，于是我穿过树林，离路足够远以避免被发现，又离路足够近以免迷路。
I had not gone far before my little strength again failed me.
没走多远，我的一点力气又耗尽了。
I could go no farther.
我不能再往前走了。
I fell down, and lay for a considerable time.
我摔倒了，躺了很长一段时间。
The blood was yet oozing from the wound on my head.
我头上的伤口还在渗血。
For a time I thought I should bleed to death; and think now that I should have done so, but that the blood so matted my hair as to stop the wound.
有一段时间我觉得自己应该失血过多而死；现在我想我应该这么做，但血弄乱了我的头发，伤口止住了。
After lying there about three quarters of an hour, I nerved myself up again, and started on my way, through bogs and briers, barefooted and bareheaded, tearing my feet sometimes at nearly every step; and after a journey of about seven miles, occupying some five hours to perform it, I arrived at master’s store.
在那里躺了大约三刻钟后，我再次鼓起勇气，开始上路，穿过沼泽和荆棘，光着脚，光着头，有时几乎每一步都撕裂我的脚；行了大约七英里，用了大约五个小时的时间，我到达了师父的店。
I then presented an appearance enough to affect any but a heart of iron.
然后我的外表足以影响除了铁石心肠之外的任何人。
From the crown of my head to my feet, I was covered with blood.
从头顶到脚，我都沾满了血。
My hair was all clotted with dust and blood; my shirt was stiff with blood.
我的头发上沾满了灰尘和血迹；我的衬衫因血迹而僵硬。
I suppose I looked like a man who had escaped a den of wild beasts, and barely escaped them.
我想我看起来就像一个逃离了野兽巢穴的人，而且勉强逃脱了。
In this state I appeared before my master, humbly entreating him to interpose his authority for my protection.
在这种情况下，我来到了我的主人面前，谦卑地恳求他用他的权威来保护我。
I told him all the circumstances as well as I could, and it seemed, as I spoke, at times to affect him.
我尽可能地告诉了他所有的情况，在我说话的时候，这似乎有时会影响到他。
He would then walk the floor, and seek to justify Covey by saying he expected I deserved it.
然后他会在场上走动，试图为科维辩护，说他认为这是我应得的。
He asked me what I wanted.
他问我想要什么。
I told him, to let me get a new home; that as sure as I lived with Mr. Covey again, I should live with but to die with him; that Covey would surely kill me; he was in a fair way for it.
我告诉他，让我有一个新家；我确信，正如我再次与柯维先生一起生活一样，我应该与他一起生活，但不会与他一起死去；科维肯定会杀了我；他对此很公平。
Master Thomas ridiculed the idea that there was any danger of Mr. Covey’s killing me, and said that he knew Mr. Covey; that he was a good man, and that he could not think of taking me from him; that, should he do so, he would lose the whole year’s wages; that I belonged to Mr. Covey for one year, and that I must go back to him, come what might; and that I must not trouble him with any more stories, or that he would himself _get hold of me_.
托马斯大师嘲笑科维先生有杀掉我的危险，并说他认识科维先生；他知道科维先生对我的看法。他是个好人，他不可能想把我从他身边夺走；如果他这样做，他将失去全年的工资；我已经属于柯维先生一年了，无论发生什么情况，我都必须回到他身边；我不能再用任何故事来打扰他，否则他会亲自来找我。
After threatening me thus, he gave me a very large dose of salts, telling me that I might remain in St. Michael’s that night, (it being quite late,) but that I must be off back to Mr. Covey’s early in the morning; and that if I did not, he would _get hold of me,_ which meant that he would whip me.
在这样威胁我之后，他给了我很大剂量的盐，告诉我那天晚上我可能会留在圣迈克尔（当时已经很晚了），但我必须一大早就回到科维先生那里;如果我不这样做，他就会抓住我，这意味着他会鞭打我。
I remained all night, and, according to his orders, I started off to Covey’s in the morning, (Saturday morning,) wearied in body and broken in spirit.
我待了一夜，按照他的命令，早上（周六早上）我出发去科维家，身体疲惫，精神崩溃。
I got no supper that night, or breakfast that morning.
那天晚上我没有吃晚饭，早上也没有吃早餐。
I reached Covey’s about nine o’clock; and just as I was getting over the fence that divided Mrs. Kemp’s fields from ours, out ran Covey with his cowskin, to give me another whipping.
九点左右我到达了科维家。正当我翻过把坎普夫人的田地和我们的田地隔开的栅栏时，科维穿着牛皮跑了过来，又抽了我一顿。
Before he could reach me, I succeeded in getting to the cornfield; and as the corn was very high, it afforded me the means of hiding.
在他找到我之前，我已经成功地到达了玉米地。由于玉米很高，所以我有办法躲起来。
He seemed very angry, and searched for me a long time.
他似乎很生气，找了我很久。
My behavior was altogether unaccountable.
我的行为完全不负责任。
He finally gave up the chase, thinking, I suppose, that I must come home for something to eat; he would give himself no further trouble in looking for me.
他最终放弃了追逐，我想，我必须回家吃点东西；他不会再给自己找麻烦了。
I spent that day mostly in the woods, having the alternative before me,—to go home and be whipped to death, or stay in the woods and be starved to death.
那天我大部分时间都在树林里度过，摆在我面前的有两个选择：回家被鞭打致死，或者留在树林里被饿死。
That night, I fell in with Sandy Jenkins, a slave with whom I was somewhat acquainted.
那天晚上，我结识了桑迪·詹金斯，一个我有点熟悉的奴隶。
Sandy had a free wife who lived about four miles from Mr. Covey’s; and it being Saturday, he was on his way to see her.
桑迪有一位自由的妻子，她住在距科维先生家约四英里的地方。那天是星期六，他正要去见她。
I told him my circumstances, and he very kindly invited me to go home with him.
我告诉他我的情况，他很热情地邀请我和他一起回家。
I went home with him, and talked this whole matter over, and got his advice as to what course it was best for me to pursue.
我和他一起回家，把整个事情都讨论了一遍，并听取了他的建议，告诉我选择什么课程最适合我。
I found Sandy an old adviser.
我发现桑迪是一位老顾问。
He told me, with great solemnity, I must go back to Covey; but that before I went, I must go with him into another part of the woods, where there was a certain _root,_ which, if I would take some of it with me, carrying it _always on my right side,_ would render it impossible for Mr. Covey, or any other white man, to whip me.
他非常严肃地告诉我，我必须回到科维。但在我走之前，我必须和他一起去树林的另一个地方，那里有一个特定的根，如果我随身携带一些根，并始终将它放在我的右侧，那么科维先生或任何其他白人就不可能鞭打我。
He said he had carried it for years; and since he had done so, he had never received a blow, and never expected to while he carried it.
他说他已经带着它很多年了。自从他这样做以来，他从未受到过打击，而且在他携带它的时候也从未想过会受到打击。
I at first rejected the idea, that the simple carrying of a root in my pocket would have any such effect as he had said, and was not disposed to take it; but Sandy impressed the necessity with much earnestness, telling me it could do no harm, if it did no good.
起初我拒绝了这样的想法，即只要在口袋里放一根树根就会产生他所说的那种效果，因此我不打算接受它。但桑迪非常认真地强调了这种必要性，并告诉我，即使没有好处，也没有坏处。
To please him, I at length took the root, and, according to his direction, carried it upon my right side.
为了取悦他，我最终拿起了树根，并按照他的指示，把它放在了我的右侧。
This was Sunday morning.
这是周日早上。
I immediately started for home; and upon entering the yard gate, out came Mr. Covey on his way to meeting.
我立即动身回家；一进院门，科维先生就出来了，准备去开会。
He spoke to me very kindly, bade me drive the pigs from a lot near by, and passed on towards the church.
他很友善地对我说话，让我把附近的猪赶走，然后朝教堂走去。
Now, this singular conduct of Mr. Covey really made me begin to think that there was something in the _root_ which Sandy had given me; and had it been on any other day than Sunday, I could have attributed the conduct to no other cause than the influence of that root; and as it was, I was half inclined to think the _root_ to be something more than I at first had taken it to be.
现在，科维先生的这种奇异行为确实让我开始认为桑迪给我的_根_里有什么东西；如果是在星期天以外的任何一天，我都不会将此行为归因于该根源的影响。事实上，我有点倾向于认为_root_比我最初想象的要更重要。
All went well till Monday morning.
直到周一早上一切都很顺利。
On this morning, the virtue of the _root_ was fully tested.
今天早上，根的德性得到了充分的考验。
Long before daylight, I was called to go and rub, curry, and feed, the horses.
早在天亮之前，我就被叫去给马擦毛、咖喱和喂马。
I obeyed, and was glad to obey.
我服从了，并且很高兴服从。
But whilst thus engaged, whilst in the act of throwing down some blades from the loft, Mr. Covey entered the stable with a long rope; and just as I was half out of the loft, he caught hold of my legs, and was about tying me.
但是，就在这样进行的时候，当科维先生从阁楼上扔下一些刀片时，他拿着一根长绳子进入了马厩；当我刚走出阁楼时，他抓住了我的腿，准备把我绑起来。
As soon as I found what he was up to, I gave a sudden spring, and as I did so, he holding to my legs, I was brought sprawling on the stable floor.
当我发现他要做什么时，我突然猛地一跳，当我这样做时，他抓住了我的腿，我被拖到马厩的地板上。
Mr. Covey seemed now to think he had me, and could do what he pleased; but at this moment—from whence came the spirit I don’t know—I resolved to fight; and, suiting my action to the resolution, I seized Covey hard by the throat; and as I did so, I rose.
柯维先生现在似乎认为他拥有了我，并且可以做他想做的事。但此时此刻——我不知道这种精神从何而来——我决心战斗；然后，根据我的决定，我用力掐住了科维的喉咙。当我这样做的时候，我站了起来。
He held on to me, and I to him.
他紧紧抓住我，我也紧紧抓住他。
My resistance was so entirely unexpected that Covey seemed taken all aback.
我的抵制完全出乎意料，科维似乎大吃一惊。
He trembled like a leaf.
他颤抖得像一片树叶。
This gave me assurance, and I held him uneasy, causing the blood to run where I touched him with the ends of my fingers.
这给了我信心，我不安地抱住了他，导致我用指尖触碰他的地方流着血。
Mr. Covey soon called out to Hughes for help.
科维先生很快向休斯求助。
Hughes came, and, while Covey held me, attempted to tie my right hand.
休斯来了，科维抱着我，试图绑住我的右手。
While he was in the act of doing so, I watched my chance, and gave him a heavy kick close under the ribs.
当他这样做的时候，我抓住了机会，在他肋骨下方重重地踢了一脚。
This kick fairly sickened Hughes, so that he left me in the hands of Mr. Covey.
这一脚让休斯感到非常恶心，所以他把我交给了科维先生。
This kick had the effect of not only weakening Hughes, but Covey also.
这一脚不仅削弱了休斯的实力，也削弱了科维的实力。
When he saw Hughes bending over with pain, his courage quailed.
当他看到休斯痛苦地弯下腰时，他的勇气就畏缩了。
He asked me if I meant to persist in my resistance.
他问我是否打算坚持抵抗。
I told him I did, come what might; that he had used me like a brute for six months, and that I was determined to be used so no longer.
我告诉他我愿意，无论发生什么事；六个月来，他像畜生一样利用了我，而我决心不再这样利用了。
With that, he strove to drag me to a stick that was lying just out of the stable door.
说完，他奋力把我拖到马厩门外的一根棍子旁。
He meant to knock me down.
他的意思是要把我打倒。
But just as he was leaning over to get the stick, I seized him with both hands by his collar, and brought him by a sudden snatch to the ground.
但正当他弯腰去拿棍子时，我用双手抓住了他的衣领，猛地把他拉到了地上。
By this time, Bill came.
这时，比尔来了。
Covey called upon him for assistance.
科维向他求助。
Bill wanted to know what he could do.
比尔想知道他能做什么。
Covey said, “Take hold of him, take hold of him!” Bill said his master hired him out to work, and not to help to whip me; so he left Covey and myself to fight our own battle out.
科维说：“抓住他，抓住他！”比尔说他的主人雇用他是为了干活，而不是为了鞭打我；所以他留下了科维和我自己，让我们自己去战斗。
We were at it for nearly two hours.
我们花了将近两个小时。
Covey at length let me go, puffing and blowing at a great rate, saying that if I had not resisted, he would not have whipped me half so much.
科维最后放开了我，他气喘吁吁，说如果我没有反抗，他就不会鞭打我一半。
The truth was, that he had not whipped me at all.
事实是，他根本没有鞭打我。
I considered him as getting entirely the worst end of the bargain; for he had drawn no blood from me, but I had from him.
我认为他完全是得到了最坏的结果。因为他没有从我身上抽血，但我却从他身上抽了血。
The whole six months afterwards, that I spent with Mr. Covey, he never laid the weight of his finger upon me in anger.
在那之后的六个月里，我和科维先生在一起，他从来没有愤怒地用手指压过我。
He would occasionally say, he didn’t want to get hold of me again.
他偶尔会说，他不想再联系我了。
“No,” thought I, “you need not; for you will come off worse than you did before.”
“不，”我想，“你不需要；因为你的表现会比以前更糟。”
This battle with Mr. Covey was the turning-point in my career as a slave.
与科维先生的这场战斗是我奴隶生涯的转折点。
It rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom, and revived within me a sense of my own manhood.
它重新点燃了即将熄灭的自由余烬，并在我内心重新唤起了我自己的男子气概。
It recalled the departed self-confidence, and inspired me again with a determination to be free.
它让我想起了失去的自信，再次激发了我追求自由的决心。
The gratification afforded by the triumph was a full compensation for whatever else might follow, even death itself.
胜利所带来的满足感是对随之而来的一切的充分补偿，甚至是死亡本身。
He only can understand the deep satisfaction which I experienced, who has himself repelled by force the bloody arm of slavery.
只有他才能理解我所经历的深深的满足，他亲自用武力击退了奴隶制的血腥手臂。
I felt as I never felt before.
我感受到了以前从未有过的感觉。
It was a glorious resurrection, from the tomb of slavery, to the heaven of freedom.
这是一次光荣的复活，从奴隶制的坟墓到自由的天堂。
My long-crushed spirit rose, cowardice departed, bold defiance took its place; and I now resolved that, however long I might remain a slave in form, the day had passed forever when I could be a slave in fact.
我长期压抑的精神苏醒了，怯懦消失了，取而代之的是大胆的反抗；现在我决定，无论我在形式上继续当奴隶多久，我实际上成为奴隶的日子已经一去不复返了。
I did not hesitate to let it be known of me, that the white man who expected to succeed in whipping, must also succeed in killing me.
我毫不犹豫地让我知道，那个期望能成功鞭打我的白人也一定能成功杀死我。
From this time I was never again what might be called fairly whipped, though I remained a slave four years afterwards.
从那时起，我再也没有受到所谓的公平鞭打，尽管四年后我仍然是奴隶。
I had several fights, but was never whipped.
我打过几次架，但从来没有被鞭打过。
It was for a long time a matter of surprise to me why Mr. Covey did not immediately have me taken by the constable to the whipping-post, and there regularly whipped for the crime of raising my hand against a white man in defence of myself.
很长一段时间以来，我一直感到惊讶的是，科维先生为什么没有立即让警察把我带到鞭刑台上，并经常因我举手反对白人以保护自己的罪行而受到鞭打。
And the only explanation I can now think of does not entirely satisfy me; but such as it is, I will give it.
我现在能想到的唯一解释并不完全令我满意；但既然如此，我就给它。
Mr. Covey enjoyed the most unbounded reputation for being a first-rate overseer and negro-breaker.
柯维先生因一流的监督者和黑人破坏者而享有盛誉。
It was of considerable importance to him.
这对他来说非常重要。
That reputation was at stake; and had he sent me—a boy about sixteen years old—to the public whipping-post, his reputation would have been lost; so, to save his reputation, he suffered me to go unpunished.
声誉受到威胁；如果他把我——一个大约十六岁的男孩——送上公共鞭刑台，他的名誉就会受损。所以，为了保全他的名誉，他让我逍遥法外。
My term of actual service to Mr. Edward Covey ended on Christmas day, 1833.
我对爱德华·柯维先生的实际服务期限于 1833 年圣诞节结束。
The days between Christmas and New Year’s day are allowed as holidays; and, accordingly, we were not required to perform any labor, more than to feed and take care of the stock.
圣诞节和元旦之间的日子被允许为假期；因此，我们除了喂养和照顾牲畜外，不需要做任何劳动。
This time we regarded as our own, by the grace of our masters; and we therefore used or abused it nearly as we pleased.
这次我们把自己视为自己的，感谢我们主人的恩典；因此，我们几乎可以随心所欲地使用或滥用它。
Those of us who had families at a distance, were generally allowed to spend the whole six days in their society.
我们这些有远方家人的人，通常被允许在他们的社会中度过整整六天。
This time, however, was spent in various ways.
然而，这段时间却以各种方式度过。
The staid, sober, thinking and industrious ones of our number would employ themselves in making corn-brooms, mats, horse-collars, and baskets; and another class of us would spend the time in hunting opossums, hares, and coons.
我们中那些稳重、清醒、善于思考、勤奋的人会致力于制作玉米扫帚、席子、马项圈和篮子；我们中的另一类人则花时间狩猎负鼠、野兔和浣熊。
But by far the larger part engaged in such sports and merriments as playing ball, wrestling, running foot-races, fiddling, dancing, and drinking whisky; and this latter mode of spending the time was by far the most agreeable to the feelings of our masters.
但到目前为止，大多数人都从事诸如打球、摔跤、赛跑、拉小提琴、跳舞和喝威士忌等运动和娱乐活动；到目前为止，后一种消磨时间的方式最符合我们主人的感受。
A slave who would work during the holidays was considered by our masters as scarcely deserving them.
我们的主人认为在假期期间工作的奴隶几乎不值得。
He was regarded as one who rejected the favor of his master.
他被视为拒绝了主人恩宠的人。
It was deemed a disgrace not to get drunk at Christmas; and he was regarded as lazy indeed, who had not provided himself with the necessary means, during the year, to get whisky enough to last him through Christmas.
圣诞节期间不喝醉被认为是一种耻辱。人们认为他确实很懒，这一年里他没有为自己提供必要的手段来购买足够他度过圣诞节的威士忌。
From what I know of the effect of these holidays upon the slave, I believe them to be among the most effective means in the hands of the slaveholder in keeping down the spirit of insurrection.
据我所知，这些节日对奴隶的影响，我相信它们是奴隶主手中抑制叛乱精神的最有效手段之一。
Were the slaveholders at once to abandon this practice, I have not the slightest doubt it would lead to an immediate insurrection among the slaves.
如果奴隶主立即放弃这种做法，我毫不怀疑这会立即导致奴隶起义。
These holidays serve as conductors, or safety-valves, to carry off the rebellious spirit of enslaved humanity.
这些节日充当了指挥者或安全阀的角色，以激发被奴役人类的反叛精神。
But for these, the slave would be forced up to the wildest desperation; and woe betide the slaveholder, the day he ventures to remove or hinder the operation of those conductors!
如果没有这些，奴隶就会被迫陷入最疯狂的绝望之中。当奴隶主冒险消除或阻碍这些指挥家的运作时，他就有祸了！
I warn him that, in such an event, a spirit will go forth in their midst, more to be dreaded than the most appalling earthquake.
我警告他，在这种情况下，他们中间会出现一种精神，比最可怕的地震更可怕。
The holidays are part and parcel of the gross fraud, wrong, and inhumanity of slavery.
假期是奴隶制严重欺诈、错误和不人道的一部分。
They are professedly a custom established by the benevolence of the slaveholders; but I undertake to say, it is the result of selfishness, and one of the grossest frauds committed upon the down-trodden slave.
据称，这些习俗是出于奴隶主的仁慈而建立的。但我敢说，这是自私的结果，是对受压迫的奴隶犯下的最严重的欺诈行为之一。
They do not give the slaves this time because they would not like to have their work during its continuance, but because they know it would be unsafe to deprive them of it.
这次他们不给奴隶，是因为他们不想在继续工作期间继续工作，而是因为他们知道剥夺他们的工作是不安全的。
This will be seen by the fact, that the slaveholders like to have their slaves spend those days just in such a manner as to make them as glad of their ending as of their beginning.
事实可以看出这一点，奴隶主喜欢让他们的奴隶以这样一种方式度过那些日子，让他们对自己的结局和开始一样感到高兴。
Their object seems to be, to disgust their slaves with freedom, by plunging them into the lowest depths of dissipation.
他们的目的似乎是，通过让奴隶陷入放荡的最低深度，让他们对自由感到厌恶。
For instance, the slaveholders not only like to see the slave drink of his own accord, but will adopt various plans to make him drunk.
例如，奴隶主不但喜欢看到奴隶自己喝酒，而且还会采取各种计策让奴隶喝醉。
One plan is, to make bets on their slaves, as to who can drink the most whisky without getting drunk; and in this way they succeed in getting whole multitudes to drink to excess.
一个计划是，在他们的奴隶身上打赌，看谁能喝最多的威士忌而不喝醉；他们就这样成功地让大众酗酒。
Thus, when the slave asks for virtuous freedom, the cunning slaveholder, knowing his ignorance, cheats him with a dose of vicious dissipation, artfully labelled with the name of liberty.
因此，当奴隶要求良性的自由时，狡猾的奴隶主知道他的无知，就用一剂恶毒的放纵来欺骗他，并巧妙地贴上自由的标签。
The most of us used to drink it down, and the result was just what might be supposed; many of us were led to think that there was little to choose between liberty and slavery.
我们大多数人过去常常把它喝下去，结果正如我们所想象的那样。我们中的许多人都认为在自由和奴役之间几乎没有什么选择。
We felt, and very properly too, that we had almost as well be slaves to man as to rum.
我们感到，而且非常正确地，我们几乎就像是朗姆酒的奴隶一样，是人类的奴隶。
So, when the holidays ended, we staggered up from the filth of our wallowing, took a long breath, and marched to the field,—feeling, upon the whole, rather glad to go, from what our master had deceived us into a belief was freedom, back to the arms of slavery.
因此，当假期结束时，我们摇摇晃晃地从打滚的污秽中站起来，长长地吸了一口气，向田野行进——总的来说，我们很高兴离开我们的主人欺骗我们相信自由的地方，回到奴隶制的怀抱。
I have said that this mode of treatment is a part of the whole system of fraud and inhumanity of slavery.
我说过，这种待遇方式是整个奴隶制欺诈和不人道制度的一部分。
It is so.
确实如此。
The mode here adopted to disgust the slave with freedom, by allowing him to see only the abuse of it, is carried out in other things.
这里采用的让奴隶厌恶自由的模式，让他只看到对自由的滥用，这种模式也体现在其他事情上。
For instance, a slave loves molasses; he steals some.
例如，奴隶喜欢糖蜜；他偷了一些。
His master, in many cases, goes off to town, and buys a large quantity; he returns, takes his whip, and commands the slave to eat the molasses, until the poor fellow is made sick at the very mention of it.
在许多情况下，他的主人会进城购买大量物品。他回来了，拿起鞭子，命令奴隶吃糖蜜，直到这个可怜的家伙一提到这件事就感到恶心。
The same mode is sometimes adopted to make the slaves refrain from asking for more food than their regular allowance.
有时也会采用同样的方式来让奴隶不要索取超出正常津贴的食物。
A slave runs through his allowance, and applies for more.
奴隶耗尽了他的津贴，然后申请更多。
His master is enraged at him; but, not willing to send him off without food, gives him more than is necessary, and compels him to eat it within a given time.
他的主人对他很生气；但是，不愿意让他没有食物就走，给了他超过必要的食物，并强迫他在规定的时间内吃完。
Then, if he complains that he cannot eat it, he is said to be satisfied neither full nor fasting, and is whipped for being hard to please!
然后，如果他抱怨自己不能吃，据说他既不饱又不饱，并因为难以取悦而受到鞭打！
I have an abundance of such illustrations of the same principle, drawn from my own observation, but think the cases I have cited sufficient.
我有大量关于同一原理的此类例证，这些例证均来自我自己的观察，但我认为我引用的案例已经足够了。
The practice is a very common one.
这种做法是一种非常常见的做法。
On the first of January, 1834, I left Mr. Covey, and went to live with Mr. William Freeland, who lived about three miles from St. Michael’s.
1834 年 1 月 1 日，我离开了科维先生，去和威廉·弗里兰先生住在一起，他住在距圣迈克尔教堂约三英里的地方。
I soon found Mr. Freeland a very different man from Mr. Covey.
我很快发现弗里兰先生与科维先生截然不同。
Though not rich, he was what would be called an educated southern gentleman.
虽然并不富有，但他是一位有教养的南方绅士。
Mr. Covey, as I have shown, was a well-trained negro-breaker and slave-driver.
正如我所表明的那样，科维先生是一位训练有素的黑人破坏者和奴隶主。
The former (slaveholder though he was) seemed to possess some regard for honor, some reverence for justice, and some respect for humanity.
前者（尽管他是奴隶主）似乎对荣誉有一定的尊重，对正义有一定的敬畏，对人性有一定的尊重。
The latter seemed totally insensible to all such sentiments.
后者似乎对所有这些情绪完全无动于衷。
Mr. Freeland had many of the faults peculiar to slaveholders, such as being very passionate and fretful; but I must do him the justice to say, that he was exceedingly free from those degrading vices to which Mr. Covey was constantly addicted.
弗里兰先生有许多奴隶主特有的缺点，例如非常热情和烦躁；但我必须公正地说，他完全没有科维先生经常沉迷的那些有辱人格的恶习。
The one was open and frank, and we always knew where to find him.
他性格开朗、坦诚，我们总是知道在哪里可以找到他。
The other was a most artful deceiver, and could be understood only by such as were skilful enough to detect his cunningly-devised frauds.
另一个人是一个最狡猾的骗子，只有那些足够熟练的人才能识破他狡猾的骗局。
Another advantage I gained in my new master was, he made no pretensions to, or profession of, religion; and this, in my opinion, was truly a great advantage.
我从我的新主人身上获得的另一个优势是，他不自命不凡，也不宣称自己有宗教信仰。在我看来，这确实是一个很大的优势。
I assert most unhesitatingly, that the religion of the south is a mere covering for the most horrid crimes,—a justifier of the most appalling barbarity,—a sanctifier of the most hateful frauds,—and a dark shelter under, which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most infernal deeds of slaveholders find the strongest protection.
我毫不犹豫地断言，南方的宗教只不过是最可怕的罪行的掩护，是最令人震惊的野蛮行径的辩护者，是最可恨的欺诈的圣化者，也是一个黑暗的庇护所，在这个庇护所下，奴隶主最黑暗、最肮脏、最粗暴和最地狱的行为得到了最强有力的保护。
Were I to be again reduced to the chains of slavery, next to that enslavement, I should regard being the slave of a religious master the greatest calamity that could befall me.
如果我再次沦为奴隶制的锁链，除了那种奴役之外，我应该认为成为宗教大师的奴隶是可能降临在我身上的最大灾难。
For of all slaveholders with whom I have ever met, religious slaveholders are the worst.
因为在我见过的所有奴隶主中，宗教奴隶主是最糟糕的。
I have ever found them the meanest and basest, the most cruel and cowardly, of all others.
我发现他们是所有其他人中最卑鄙、最卑鄙、最残忍、最懦弱的人。
It was my unhappy lot not only to belong to a religious slaveholder, but to live in a community of such religionists.
我的不幸命运不仅是属于一个宗教奴隶主，而且生活在一个由这样的宗教徒组成的社区中。
Very near Mr. Freeland lived the Rev.
牧师住在弗里兰先生附近。
Daniel Weeden, and in the same neighborhood lived the Rev.
丹尼尔·威登 (Daniel Weeden) 和牧师住在同一个街区。
Rigby Hopkins.
里格比·霍普金斯。
These were members and ministers in the Reformed Methodist Church.
他们是改革宗卫理公会的成员和牧师。
Mr. Weeden owned, among others, a woman slave, whose name I have forgotten.
威登先生拥有一名女奴隶，但我忘记了她的名字。
This woman’s back, for weeks, was kept literally raw, made so by the lash of this merciless, _religious_ wretch.
这个女人的背部连续几个星期都被这个无情的宗教恶棍的鞭打弄得生疼。
He used to hire hands.
他过去常常雇人。
His maxim was, Behave well or behave ill, it is the duty of a master occasionally to whip a slave, to remind him of his master’s authority.
他的格言是，无论表现得好还是不好，主人都有责任偶尔鞭打奴隶，以提醒他主人的权威。
Such was his theory, and such his practice.
这就是他的理论，也是他的实践。
Mr. Hopkins was even worse than Mr. Weeden.
霍普金斯先生比威登先生还要糟糕。
His chief boast was his ability to manage slaves.
他最夸耀的是他管理奴隶的能力。
The peculiar feature of his government was that of whipping slaves in advance of deserving it.
他的政府的独特之处在于对奴隶进行鞭打。
He always managed to have one or more of his slaves to whip every Monday morning.
每个星期一早上，他总是设法鞭打他的一个或多个奴隶。
He did this to alarm their fears, and strike terror into those who escaped.
他这样做是为了引起他们的恐惧，并对那些逃跑的人造成恐惧。
His plan was to whip for the smallest offences, to prevent the commission of large ones.
他的计划是鞭打最小的罪行，防止犯下大罪。
Mr. Hopkins could always find some excuse for whipping a slave.
霍普金斯先生总能找到一些借口来鞭打奴隶。
It would astonish one, unaccustomed to a slaveholding life, to see with what wonderful ease a slaveholder can find things, of which to make occasion to whip a slave.
一个不习惯奴隶制生活的人会惊讶地发现奴隶主能如此轻松地找到东西来鞭打奴隶。
A mere look, word, or motion,—a mistake, accident, or want of power,—are all matters for which a slave may be whipped at any time.
仅仅一个眼神、一句话或一个动作——一个错误、事故或缺乏权力——都是奴隶随时可能受到鞭打的原因。
Does a slave look dissatisfied?
奴隶看起来不满吗？
It is said, he has the devil in him, and it must be whipped out.
据说，他体内有恶魔，必须将其驱除。
Does he speak loudly when spoken to by his master?
当主人跟他说话时，他说话声音很大吗？
Then he is getting high-minded, and should be taken down a button-hole lower.
那么他就变得心高气傲了，应该把扣眼降低一点。
Does he forget to pull off his hat at the approach of a white person?
当白人走近时，他是否忘记摘下帽子？
Then he is wanting in reverence, and should be whipped for it.
那么他就缺乏尊敬，应该为此受到鞭打。
Does he ever venture to vindicate his conduct, when censured for it?
当他的行为受到谴责时，他是否敢于为自己的行为辩护？
Then he is guilty of impudence,—one of the greatest crimes of which a slave can be guilty.
那么他就犯了无礼罪——这是奴隶所犯的最大罪行之一。
Does he ever venture to suggest a different mode of doing things from that pointed out by his master?
他是否曾冒险提出一种与他的主人所指出的不同的做事模式？
He is indeed presumptuous, and getting above himself; and nothing less than a flogging will do for him.
他确实是狂妄自大，自以为是。对他来说，只有鞭打才是最有效的。
Does he, while ploughing, break a plough,—or, while hoeing, break a hoe?
他会在犁地时弄坏犁，还是在锄地时弄坏锄头？
It is owing to his carelessness, and for it a slave must always be whipped.
这是由于他的粗心大意，因此奴隶必须经常受到鞭打。
Mr. Hopkins could always find something of this sort to justify the use of the lash, and he seldom failed to embrace such opportunities.
霍普金斯先生总能找到类似的东西来证明使用鞭子的合理性，而且他很少不抓住这样的机会。
There was not a man in the whole county, with whom the slaves who had the getting their own home, would not prefer to live, rather than with this Rev.
整个县里，没有一个人不愿意和有自己家的奴隶住在一起，而不是和这位牧师住在一起。
Mr. Hopkins.
霍普金斯先生。
And yet there was not a man any where round, who made higher professions of religion, or was more active in revivals,—more attentive to the class, love-feast, prayer and preaching meetings, or more devotional in his family,—that prayed earlier, later, louder, and longer,—than this same reverend slave-driver, Rigby Hopkins.
然而，在周围的任何地方，没有一个人比这位可敬的奴隶主里格比·霍普金斯更早、更晚、更响亮、更长时间地祈祷，对宗教做出了更高的信仰，或者更积极地参与复兴，更关注课堂、爱宴、祈祷和讲道聚会，或者在家庭中更虔诚，祈祷更早、更晚、更大声和更长。
But to return to Mr. Freeland, and to my experience while in his employment.
回到弗里兰先生，以及我在他工作期间的经历。
He, like Mr. Covey, gave us enough to eat; but, unlike Mr. Covey, he also gave us sufficient time to take our meals.
他和柯维先生一样，给了我们足够的食物。但是，与科维先生不同的是，他也给了我们足够的时间吃饭。
He worked us hard, but always between sunrise and sunset.
他为我们工作很努力，但总是在日出和日落之间。
He required a good deal of work to be done, but gave us good tools with which to work.
他需要完成大量工作，但为我们提供了很好的工作工具。
His farm was large, but he employed hands enough to work it, and with ease, compared with many of his neighbors.
他的农场很大，但与他的许多邻居相比，他雇了足够多的人来干活，而且很轻松。
My treatment, while in his employment, was heavenly, compared with what I experienced at the hands of Mr. Edward Covey.
与我在爱德华·科维先生手下所经历的相比，我在他工作期间所受到的待遇简直是天堂般的。
Mr. Freeland was himself the owner of but two slaves.
弗里兰先生本人只拥有两名奴隶。
Their names were Henry Harris and John Harris.
他们的名字是亨利·哈里斯和约翰·哈里斯。
The rest of his hands he hired.
其余的人手都是他雇来的。
These consisted of myself, Sandy Jenkins,[1] and Handy Caldwell.
这些人包括我、桑迪·詹金斯 [1] 和汉迪·考德威尔。
[1] This is the same man who gave me the roots to prevent my being whipped by Mr. Covey.
[1] 就是这个人给了我根，让我免遭柯维先生的鞭打。
He was “a clever soul.” We used frequently to talk about the fight with Covey, and as often as we did so, he would claim my success as the result of the roots which he gave me.
他是“一个聪明的灵魂”。我们经常谈论与科维的斗争，每当我们这样做时，他都会声称我的成功是他给我的根的结果。
This superstition is very common among the more ignorant slaves.
这种迷信在比较无知的奴隶中很常见。
A slave seldom dies but that his death is attributed to trickery.
奴隶很少会死，但他的死却被归咎于诡计。
Henry and John were quite intelligent, and in a very little while after I went there, I succeeded in creating in them a strong desire to learn how to read.
亨利和约翰都很聪明，我去那里后不久，我成功地激发了他们学习阅读的强烈愿望。
This desire soon sprang up in the others also.
很快，其他人也产生了这种愿望。
They very soon mustered up some old spelling-books, and nothing would do but that I must keep a Sabbath school.
他们很快就收集了一些旧的拼写书，除了让我必须开一所安息日学之外，没有什么办法。
I agreed to do so, and accordingly devoted my Sundays to teaching these my loved fellow-slaves how to read.
我同意这样做，并因此用我的周日来教这些我所爱的奴隶同伴如何阅读。
Neither of them knew his letters when I went there.
当我去那里时，他们都不知道他的信。
Some of the slaves of the neighboring farms found what was going on, and also availed themselves of this little opportunity to learn to read.
邻近农场的一些奴隶发现了事情的经过，也利用这个小小的机会学习读书。
It was understood, among all who came, that there must be as little display about it as possible.
所有来的人都明白，必须尽可能少地展示这一点。
It was necessary to keep our religious masters at St. Michael’s unacquainted with the fact, that, instead of spending the Sabbath in wrestling, boxing, and drinking whisky, we were trying to learn how to read the will of God; for they had much rather see us engaged in those degrading sports, than to see us behaving like intellectual, moral, and accountable beings.
有必要让我们圣米迦勒的宗教大师们不知道这样一个事实：我们不是在摔跤、拳击和喝威士忌中度过安息日，而是在努力学习如何解读上帝的旨意；我们在安息日的时候不是在摔跤、拳击和喝威士忌中度过，而是在努力学习如何解读上帝的旨意。因为他们宁愿看到我们从事那些有辱人格的运动，也不愿看到我们表现得像有知识、道德和负责任的人。
My blood boils as I think of the bloody manner in which Messrs.
当我想到先生们的血腥方式时，我的血液沸腾了。
Wright Fairbanks and Garrison West, both class-leaders, in connection with many others, rushed in upon us with sticks and stones, and broke up our virtuous little Sabbath school, at St. Michael’s—all calling themselves Christians!
赖特·费尔班克斯和加里森·韦斯特这两位班级领袖，与其他许多人一起，拿着棍棒和石头冲向我们，捣毁了我们在圣迈克尔教堂的善良的小安息日学校——他们都自称为基督徒！
humble followers of the Lord Jesus Christ!
主耶稣基督的谦卑跟随者！
But I am again digressing.
但我又跑题了。
I held my Sabbath school at the house of a free colored man, whose name I deem it imprudent to mention; for should it be known, it might embarrass him greatly, though the crime of holding the school was committed ten years ago.
我在一个自由黑人的家里举办了我的安息日学校，我认为提及他的名字是不明智的。因为如果让他知道的话，他可能会非常难堪，尽管劫持学校的罪行是十年前犯下的。
I had at one time over forty scholars, and those of the right sort, ardently desiring to learn.
我曾经有过四十多个学者，而且都是那些热切渴望学习的学者。
They were of all ages, though mostly men and women.
他们年龄各异，但大多数是男性和女性。
I look back to those Sundays with an amount of pleasure not to be expressed.
回想起那些周日，我的喜悦之情难以言表。
They were great days to my soul.
对我的灵魂来说，那是美好的日子。
The work of instructing my dear fellow-slaves was the sweetest engagement with which I was ever blessed.
指导我亲爱的奴隶同伴的工作是我有幸从事的最甜蜜的工作。
We loved each other, and to leave them at the close of the Sabbath was a severe cross indeed.
我们彼此相爱，在安息日结束时离开他们确实是一个严峻的十字架。
When I think that these precious souls are to-day shut up in the prison-house of slavery, my feelings overcome me, and I am almost ready to ask, “Does a righteous God govern the universe?
当我想到这些宝贵的灵魂今天被关在奴隶制的监狱里时，我的感情征服了我，我几乎要问：“有一位公义的上帝统治着宇宙吗？
and for what does he hold the thunders in his right hand, if not to smite the oppressor, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the spoiler?” These dear souls came not to Sabbath school because it was popular to do so, nor did I teach them because it was reputable to be thus engaged.
如果他不是为了打击压迫者，将被掠夺者从掠夺者手中拯救出来，他右手握着雷霆又有何用呢？”这些亲爱的灵魂来安息日学并不是因为这样做很受欢迎，我也没有教他们因为这样做是有名的。
Every moment they spent in that school, they were liable to be taken up, and given thirty-nine lashes.
他们在那所学校里每时每刻都可能被抓起来，并被鞭打三十九下。
They came because they wished to learn.
他们来是因为他们想学习。
Their minds had been starved by their cruel masters.
他们的心智被残酷的主人榨干了。
They had been shut up in mental darkness.
他们被关在精神的黑暗之中。
I taught them, because it was the delight of my soul to be doing something that looked like bettering the condition of my race.
我教他们，因为做一些看似改善我的种族状况的事情是我灵魂的喜悦。
I kept up my school nearly the whole year I lived with Mr. Freeland; and, beside my Sabbath school, I devoted three evenings in the week, during the winter, to teaching the slaves at home.
在我和弗里兰先生住在一起的那一年里，我几乎一直在上学。除了我的安息日学校之外，冬天我每周都会用三个晚上来教导家里的奴隶。
And I have the happiness to know, that several of those who came to Sabbath school learned how to read; and that one, at least, is now free through my agency.
我很高兴地知道，有几个来安息日学的人学会了阅读；至少现在通过我的代理机构可以免费获得该服务。
The year passed off smoothly.
这一年顺利的过去了。
It seemed only about half as long as the year which preceded it.
这似乎只有前一年的一半左右。
I went through it without receiving a single blow.
我经历了这一切，没有受到任何打击。
I will give Mr. Freeland the credit of being the best master I ever had, _till I became my own master._ For the ease with which I passed the year, I was, however, somewhat indebted to the society of my fellow-slaves.
我将称赞弗里兰先生是我曾经拥有过的最好的主人，直到我成为自己的主人。不过，对于我度过这一年的轻松，我还是有点感激我的奴隶同伴的社会。
They were noble souls; they not only possessed loving hearts, but brave ones.
他们都是高尚的灵魂；他们不仅拥有爱心，而且拥有勇敢的心。
We were linked and interlinked with each other.
我们彼此相连，彼此相连。
I loved them with a love stronger than any thing I have experienced since.
我对他们的爱比我此后经历过的任何事情都强烈。
It is sometimes said that we slaves do not love and confide in each other.
有时有人说，我们奴隶彼此不相爱、不信任。
In answer to this assertion, I can say, I never loved any or confided in any people more than my fellow-slaves, and especially those with whom I lived at Mr. Freeland’s.
作为对这一断言的回答，我可以说，我从来没有比我的奴隶同伴更爱任何人或对任何人倾诉，尤其是那些和我一起住在弗里兰先生家里的人。
I believe we would have died for each other.
我相信我们会为彼此而死。
We never undertook to do any thing, of any importance, without a mutual consultation.
我们从来没有在没有相互协商的情况下承诺做任何重要的事情。
We never moved separately.
我们从来没有分开搬家。
We were one; and as much so by our tempers and dispositions, as by the mutual hardships to which we were necessarily subjected by our condition as slaves.
我们是一体的；这既取决于我们的脾气和性情，也取决于我们作为奴隶的处境所必然遭受的相互困难。
At the close of the year 1834, Mr. Freeland again hired me of my master, for the year 1835.
1834 年年底，弗里兰先生再次聘用了我的主人，任期为 1835 年。
But, by this time, I began to want to live _upon free land_ as well as _with Freeland;_ and I was no longer content, therefore, to live with him or any other slaveholder.
但是，到了这个时候，我开始想要生活在_自由的土地上_以及_与弗里兰一起生活；_因此，我不再满足于与他或任何其他奴隶主生活在一起。
I began, with the commencement of the year, to prepare myself for a final struggle, which should decide my fate one way or the other.
新年伊始，我就开始为最后的斗争做好准备，这场斗争将决定我的命运。
My tendency was upward.
我的倾向是向上的。
I was fast approaching manhood, and year after year had passed, and I was still a slave.
我很快就成年了，一年又一年过去了，我仍然是一个奴隶。
These thoughts roused me—I must do something.
这些想法唤醒了我——我必须做点什么。
I therefore resolved that 1835 should not pass without witnessing an attempt, on my part, to secure my liberty.
因此，我决定，1835 年我一定要亲眼目睹我为争取自由所做的努力。
But I was not willing to cherish this determination alone.
但我并不愿意独自珍惜这个决心。
My fellow-slaves were dear to me.
我的奴隶同伴对我来说很亲爱。
I was anxious to have them participate with me in this, my life-giving determination.
我渴望让他们和我一起参与这个赋予我生命的决定。
I therefore, though with great prudence, commenced early to ascertain their views and feelings in regard to their condition, and to imbue their minds with thoughts of freedom.
因此，我虽然非常谨慎，但很早就开始了解他们对自己状况的看法和感受，并向他们灌输自由的思想。
I bent myself to devising ways and means for our escape, and meanwhile strove, on all fitting occasions, to impress them with the gross fraud and inhumanity of slavery.
我一心想办法逃走，同时在一切适当的场合努力让他们对奴隶制的严重欺诈和不人道印象深刻。
I went first to Henry, next to John, then to the others.
我首先去找亨利，然后是约翰，然后是其他人。
I found, in them all, warm hearts and noble spirits.
我在他们身上发现了温暖的心和高尚的精神。
They were ready to hear, and ready to act when a feasible plan should be proposed.
当提出可行的计划时，他们已经准备好倾听并准备采取行动。
This was what I wanted.
这就是我想要的。
I talked to them of our want of manhood, if we submitted to our enslavement without at least one noble effort to be free.
我对他们说，如果我们屈服于奴役而没有至少做出一次崇高的努力来获得自由，我们就缺乏男子气概。
We met often, and consulted frequently, and told our hopes and fears, recounted the difficulties, real and imagined, which we should be called on to meet.
我们经常会面，经常协商，讲述我们的希望和恐惧，讲述我们应该面对的困难，无论是真实的还是想象的。
At times we were almost disposed to give up, and try to content ourselves with our wretched lot; at others, we were firm and unbending in our determination to go.
有时我们几乎想放弃，并试图满足于自己的不幸命运。在其他时候，我们坚定不移地走下去。
Whenever we suggested any plan, there was shrinking—the odds were fearful.
每当我们提出任何计划时，结果都会缩小——可能性非常小。
Our path was beset with the greatest obstacles; and if we succeeded in gaining the end of it, our right to be free was yet questionable—we were yet liable to be returned to bondage.
我们的道路充满了最大的障碍；即使我们成功地实现了这一目标，我们获得自由的权利仍然值得怀疑——我们仍然有可能重新陷入奴役。
We could see no spot, this side of the ocean, where we could be free.
在大洋的这一边，我们看不到任何地方可以让我们自由。
We knew nothing about Canada.
我们对加拿大一无所知。
Our knowledge of the north did not extend farther than New York; and to go there, and be forever harassed with the frightful liability of being returned to slavery—with the certainty of being treated tenfold worse than before—the thought was truly a horrible one, and one which it was not easy to overcome.
我们对北方的了解并没有超出纽约。去那里，永远受到被送回奴隶制的可怕责任的困扰——肯定会受到比以前恶劣十倍的待遇——这个想法确实是一个可怕的想法，而且是一个不容易克服的想法。
The case sometimes stood thus: At every gate through which we were to pass, we saw a watchman—at every ferry a guard—on every bridge a sentinel—and in every wood a patrol.
有时情况是这样的：在我们要经过的每个大门上，我们都看到一个看守人，在每个渡口上都有一个守卫，在每座桥上都有一个哨兵，在每一个树林里都有一个巡逻队。
We were hemmed in upon every side.
我们四面受敌。
Here were the difficulties, real or imagined—the good to be sought, and the evil to be shunned.
这就是困难，无论是真实的还是想象的——要寻求善，要避免恶。
On the one hand, there stood slavery, a stern reality, glaring frightfully upon us,—its robes already crimsoned with the blood of millions, and even now feasting itself greedily upon our own flesh.
一方面，奴隶制是一个严峻的现实，它可怕地瞪着我们——它的长袍已经被数百万人的鲜血染红，甚至现在还在贪婪地吃着我们自己的肉。
On the other hand, away back in the dim distance, under the flickering light of the north star, behind some craggy hill or snow-covered mountain, stood a doubtful freedom—half frozen—beckoning us to come and share its hospitality.
另一方面，在昏暗的远方，在北极星闪烁的光芒下，在一些崎岖的山丘或白雪覆盖的山峰后面，矗立着一种半冰冻的、令人怀疑的自由，召唤着我们前来分享它的热情好客。
This in itself was sometimes enough to stagger us; but when we permitted ourselves to survey the road, we were frequently appalled.
有时，这本身就足以让我们感到震惊。但当我们允许自己观察道路时，我们常常感到震惊。
Upon either side we saw grim death, assuming the most horrid shapes.
在两边，我们都看到了可怕的死亡，呈现出最可怕的形状。
Now it was starvation, causing us to eat our own flesh;—now we were contending with the waves, and were drowned;—now we were overtaken, and torn to pieces by the fangs of the terrible bloodhound.
现在是饥饿，让我们吃自己的肉；现在我们与海浪搏斗，被淹死了；现在我们被追上，被可怕的猎犬的毒牙撕成碎片。
We were stung by scorpions, chased by wild beasts, bitten by snakes, and finally, after having nearly reached the desired spot,—after swimming rivers, encountering wild beasts, sleeping in the woods, suffering hunger and nakedness,—we were overtaken by our pursuers, and, in our resistance, we were shot dead upon the spot!
我们被蝎子蜇，被猛兽追，被蛇咬，最后，在快要到达目的地时，游过河，遇到猛兽，睡在树林里，挨饿赤身裸体，却被追赶者追上，我们奋力反抗，就被当场枪杀了！
I say, this picture sometimes appalled us, and made us
我说，这张照片有时让我们感到震惊，让我们
“rather bear those ills we had, Than fly to others, that we knew not of.”
“宁愿忍受我们所拥有的那些不幸，也不愿飞向我们不知道的其他人。”
In coming to a fixed determination to run away, we did more than Patrick Henry, when he resolved upon liberty or death.
在下定逃跑的决心时，我们比帕特里克·亨利做得更多，当时他决定自由或死亡。
With us it was a doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death if we failed.
对我们来说，这最多是一种值得怀疑的自由，如果我们失败了，几乎肯定会死亡。
For my part, I should prefer death to hopeless bondage.
就我而言，我宁愿死亡也不愿被无望的束缚。
Sandy, one of our number, gave up the notion, but still encouraged us.
我们中的一员桑迪放弃了这个想法，但仍然鼓励我们。
Our company then consisted of Henry Harris, John Harris, Henry Bailey, Charles Roberts, and myself.
我们的公司由亨利·哈里斯、约翰·哈里斯、亨利·贝利、查尔斯·罗伯茨和我组成。
Henry Bailey was my uncle, and belonged to my master.
亨利·贝利是我的叔叔，属于我的主人。
Charles married my aunt: he belonged to my master’s father-in-law, Mr. William Hamilton.
查尔斯娶了我的姨妈：他属于我主人的岳父威廉·汉密尔顿先生。
The plan we finally concluded upon was, to get a large canoe belonging to Mr. Hamilton, and upon the Saturday night previous to Easter holidays, paddle directly up the Chesapeake Bay.
我们最终敲定的计划是，买一艘汉密尔顿先生的大独木舟，在复活节假期前的周六晚上，直接划到切萨皮克湾。
On our arrival at the head of the bay, a distance of seventy or eighty miles from where we lived, it was our purpose to turn our canoe adrift, and follow the guidance of the north star till we got beyond the limits of Maryland.
当我们到达海湾的尽头时，距离我们居住的地方有七十或八十英里，我们的目的是让我们的独木舟随波逐流，跟随北极星的指引，直到我们超出马里兰州的界限。
Our reason for taking the water route was, that we were less liable to be suspected as runaways; we hoped to be regarded as fishermen; whereas, if we should take the land route, we should be subjected to interruptions of almost every kind.
我们走水路的原因是，我们不太容易被怀疑是逃亡者；我们希望被视为渔民；然而，如果我们走陆路，我们就会受到几乎各种干扰。
Any one having a white face, and being so disposed, could stop us, and subject us to examination.
任何一个脸色苍白、有这样的态度的人都可以阻止我们，并让我们接受检查。
The week before our intended start, I wrote several protections, one for each of us.
在我们计划开始的前一周，我写了几项保护措施，每个人一份。
As well as I can remember, they were in the following words, to wit:—
据我所知，它们的内容如下：
“This is to certify that I, the undersigned, have given the bearer, my servant, full liberty to go to Baltimore, and spend the Easter holidays.
“兹证明，我，即签名者，已给予持票人、我的仆人完全自由前往巴尔的摩并度过复活节假期。
Written with mine own hand, &c., 1835.
我亲手写的，等等，1835 年。
“WILLIAM HAMILTON, “Near St. Michael’s, in Talbot county, Maryland.”
“威廉·汉密尔顿，“马里兰州塔尔伯特县圣迈克尔附近。”
We were not going to Baltimore; but, in going up the bay, we went toward Baltimore, and these protections were only intended to protect us while on the bay.
我们不去巴尔的摩；我们要去巴尔的摩。但是，在沿着海湾前进时，我们前往巴尔的摩，这些保护措施只是为了在海湾上保护我们。
As the time drew near for our departure, our anxiety became more and more intense.
随着离开的时间越来越近，我们的焦虑也越来越强烈。
It was truly a matter of life and death with us.
这对我们来说确实是生死攸关的问题。
The strength of our determination was about to be fully tested.
我们的决心的力量即将受到充分的考验。
At this time, I was very active in explaining every difficulty, removing every doubt, dispelling every fear, and inspiring all with the firmness indispensable to success in our undertaking; assuring them that half was gained the instant we made the move; we had talked long enough; we were now ready to move; if not now, we never should be; and if we did not intend to move now, we had as well fold our arms, sit down, and acknowledge ourselves fit only to be slaves.
这时，我非常积极地解释每一个困难，消除每一个疑虑，驱散每一个恐惧，以事业成功所必需的坚定精神激励大家；向他们保证，我们一采取行动，就获得了一半的收益；我们已经聊得够久了；我们现在准备出发了；如果不是现在，我们永远也不应该；如果我们现在不打算搬走，我们也可以抱起双臂，坐下来，承认自己只适合做奴隶。
This, none of us were prepared to acknowledge.
我们谁都不愿意承认这一点。
Every man stood firm; and at our last meeting, we pledged ourselves afresh, in the most solemn manner, that, at the time appointed, we would certainly start in pursuit of freedom.
每个人都坚定地站着；在上次会议上，我们以最庄严的方式再次保证，在指定的时间，我们一定会开始追求自由。
This was in the middle of the week, at the end of which we were to be off.
那是在一周的中间，我们将在周末离开。
We went, as usual, to our several fields of labor, but with bosoms highly agitated with thoughts of our truly hazardous undertaking.
像往常一样，我们去了我们的几个劳动领域，但怀着对我们真正危险的事业的想法而感到非常激动。
We tried to conceal our feelings as much as possible; and I think we succeeded very well.
我们试图尽可能地隐藏自己的感受；我认为我们非常成功。
After a painful waiting, the Saturday morning, whose night was to witness our departure, came.
经过痛苦的等待，星期六的早晨到来了，我们将在这个夜晚见证我们的离开。
I hailed it with joy, bring what of sadness it might.
我满怀喜悦地欢呼它，尽管它可能带来悲伤。
Friday night was a sleepless one for me.
周五晚上对我来说是一个不眠之夜。
I probably felt more anxious than the rest, because I was, by common consent, at the head of the whole affair.
我可能比其他人感到更焦虑，因为大家一致认为，我是整个事件的主导者。
The responsibility of success or failure lay heavily upon me.
成功或失败的责任沉重地落在我身上。
The glory of the one, and the confusion of the other, were alike mine.
一个的辉煌，另一个的混乱，与我相似。
The first two hours of that morning were such as I never experienced before, and hope never to again.
那天早上的前两个小时是我以前从未经历过的，希望永远不会再有这样的经历。
Early in the morning, we went, as usual, to the field.
一大早，我们像往常一样，来到了田野。
We were spreading manure; and all at once, while thus engaged, I was overwhelmed with an indescribable feeling, in the fulness of which I turned to Sandy, who was near by, and said, “We are betrayed!” “Well,” said he, “that thought has this moment struck me.” We said no more.
我们正在撒肥料；突然，在如此忙碌的时候，我被一种难以形容的感觉所淹没，在这种感觉中，我转向附近的桑迪，说道：“我们被出卖了！” “嗯，”他说，“这一刻我突然想到了这一点。”我们没有再说什么。
I was never more certain of any thing.
我对任何事情都从未如此确定过。
The horn was blown as usual, and we went up from the field to the house for breakfast.
号角像往常一样吹响了，我们从田野上楼到屋里吃早餐。
I went for the form, more than for want of any thing to eat that morning.
我去是为了表格，而不是因为那天早上想吃东西。
Just as I got to the house, in looking out at the lane gate, I saw four white men, with two colored men.
当我到达房子时，我向巷门望去，看到四个白人，还有两个黑人。
The white men were on horseback, and the colored ones were walking behind, as if tied.
白人骑在马背上，黑人走在后面，好像被拴着一样。
I watched them a few moments till they got up to our lane gate.
我看了他们一会儿，直到他们走到我们的巷子门口。
Here they halted, and tied the colored men to the gate-post.
他们在这里停了下来，把黑人绑在门柱上。
I was not yet certain as to what the matter was.
我还不确定到底是怎么回事。
In a few moments, in rode Mr. Hamilton, with a speed betokening great excitement.
不一会儿，汉密尔顿先生骑了过来，速度令人兴奋不已。
He came to the door, and inquired if Master William was in.
他来到门口，询问威廉少爷是否在家。
He was told he was at the barn.
有人告诉他他在谷仓。
Mr. Hamilton, without dismounting, rode up to the barn with extraordinary speed.
汉密尔顿先生没有下马，就以惊人的速度骑马来到谷仓。
In a few moments, he and Mr. Freeland returned to the house.
过了一会儿，他和弗里兰先生回到了房子。
By this time, the three constables rode up, and in great haste dismounted, tied their horses, and met Master William and Mr. Hamilton returning from the barn; and after talking awhile, they all walked up to the kitchen door.
这时，三位警察策马而来，急忙下马，拴好马匹，遇见了从谷仓回来的威廉少爷和汉密尔顿先生。聊了一会后，大家都走到了厨房门口。
There was no one in the kitchen but myself and John.
厨房里除了我和约翰之外没有人。
Henry and Sandy were up at the barn.
亨利和桑迪在谷仓里。
Mr. Freeland put his head in at the door, and called me by name, saying, there were some gentlemen at the door who wished to see me.
弗里兰先生把头伸进门口，叫着我的名字，说，门口有几位先生要见我。
I stepped to the door, and inquired what they wanted.
我走到门口，询问他们想要什么。
They at once seized me, and, without giving me any satisfaction, tied me—lashing my hands closely together.
他们立刻抓住了我，并没有给我任何满足，而是把我绑了起来——把我的双手紧紧地绑在一起。
I insisted upon knowing what the matter was.
我坚持要知道到底是怎么回事。
They at length said, that they had learned I had been in a “scrape,” and that I was to be examined before my master; and if their information proved false, I should not be hurt.
他们最后说，他们得知我陷入了“擦伤”，并且要在我的主人面前接受检查。如果他们的信息被证明是假的，我不应该受到伤害。
In a few moments, they succeeded in tying John.
不一会儿，他们就成功地绑住了约翰。
They then turned to Henry, who had by this time returned, and commanded him to cross his hands.
然后他们转向亨利，此时亨利已经回来了，并命令他交叉双手。
“I won’t!” said Henry, in a firm tone, indicating his readiness to meet the consequences of his refusal.
“我不会！”亨利语气坚定地说，表示他准备好承担拒绝的后果。
“Won’t you?” said Tom Graham, the constable.
“你不会吗？”警官汤姆·格雷厄姆说。
“No, I won’t!” said Henry, in a still stronger tone.
“不，我不会！”亨利语气更加强硬地说。
With this, two of the constables pulled out their shining pistols, and swore, by their Creator, that they would make him cross his hands or kill him.
说完，两名警察拔出了闪亮的手枪，向他们的创造者发誓，他们会让他交叉双手，否则就杀了他。
Each cocked his pistol, and, with fingers on the trigger, walked up to Henry, saying, at the same time, if he did not cross his hands, they would blow his damned heart out.
每个人都扣动了手枪，手指放在扳机上，走到亨利面前，同时说，如果他不交叉双手，他们就会把他那该死的心脏炸出来。
“Shoot me, shoot me!” said Henry; “you can’t kill me but once.
“开枪打我，开枪打我！”亨利说； “你只能杀我一次。
Shoot, shoot,—and be damned!
开枪，开枪——见鬼去吧！
_I won’t be tied!_” This he said in a tone of loud defiance; and at the same time, with a motion as quick as lightning, he with one single stroke dashed the pistols from the hand of each constable.
_我不会被束缚！_”他用一种大声挑衅的语气说道；与此同时，他的动作快如闪电，一击将每个警察手中的手枪打落。
As he did this, all hands fell upon him, and, after beating him some time, they finally overpowered him, and got him tied.
当他这样做的时候，所有的人都向他扑来，在殴打他一段时间后，他们终于制服了他，把他绑了起来。
During the scuffle, I managed, I know not how, to get my pass out, and, without being discovered, put it into the fire.
在混战中，我不知道怎么把通行证拿出来，并在不被发现的情况下把它扔进了火里。
We were all now tied; and just as we were to leave for Easton jail, Betsy Freeland, mother of William Freeland, came to the door with her hands full of biscuits, and divided them between Henry and John.
现在我们都被绑住了；正当我们准备前往伊斯顿监狱时，威廉·弗里兰的母亲贝特西·弗里兰来到门口，手里拿着满满的饼干，把饼干分给了亨利和约翰。
She then delivered herself of a speech, to the following effect:—addressing herself to me, she said, “_You devil!
然后她发表了演讲，大意如下：——她对我说：“你这个魔鬼！
You yellow devil!_ it was you that put it into the heads of Henry and John to run away.
你这个黄色恶魔！_是你让亨利和约翰起了逃跑的念头。
But for you, you long-legged mulatto devil!
但对你来说，你这个长腿混血恶魔！
Henry nor John would never have thought of such a thing.” I made no reply, and was immediately hurried off towards St. Michael’s.
亨利和约翰永远不会想到这样的事情。”我没有回答，立刻就被赶往圣迈克尔教堂。
Just a moment previous to the scuffle with Henry, Mr. Hamilton suggested the propriety of making a search for the protections which he had understood Frederick had written for himself and the rest.
就在与亨利扭打前一刻，汉密尔顿先生建议寻找保护措施，他知道腓特烈为自己和其他人写下了这些保护措施。
But, just at the moment he was about carrying his proposal into effect, his aid was needed in helping to tie Henry; and the excitement attending the scuffle caused them either to forget, or to deem it unsafe, under the circumstances, to search.
但是，就在他即将实施他的提议的时候，需要他的帮助来帮助绑住亨利；混战带来的兴奋使他们要么忘记了，要么认为在这种情况下进行搜查是不安全的。
So we were not yet convicted of the intention to run away.
所以我们还没有被判有逃跑意图。
When we got about half way to St. Michael’s, while the constables having us in charge were looking ahead, Henry inquired of me what he should do with his pass.
当我们到达圣迈克尔教堂的一半时，当我们负责的警察正在展望前方时，亨利问我他应该如何处理他的通行证。
I told him to eat it with his biscuit, and own nothing; and we passed the word around, “_Own nothing;_” and “_Own nothing!_” said we all.
我告诉他把它和饼干一起吃，什么也不拥有；我们到处传话，“_什么都不拥有；_”和“_什么都不拥有！_”我们都说。
Our confidence in each other was unshaken.
我们对彼此的信心丝毫没有动摇。
We were resolved to succeed or fail together, after the calamity had befallen us as much as before.
在这场灾难降临到我们身上之后，我们和以前一样决心要共同成功或共同失败。
We were now prepared for any thing.
我们现在已经做好了应对任何事情的准备。
We were to be dragged that morning fifteen miles behind horses, and then to be placed in the Easton jail.
那天早上，我们被拖到马后面十五英里处，然后被关进伊斯顿监狱。
When we reached St. Michael’s, we underwent a sort of examination.
当我们到达圣迈克尔教堂时，我们接受了某种检查。
We all denied that we ever intended to run away.
我们都否认自己曾打算逃跑。
We did this more to bring out the evidence against us, than from any hope of getting clear of being sold; for, as I have said, we were ready for that.
我们这样做更多的是为了拿出对我们不利的证据，而不是希望摆脱被卖的命运。因为，正如我所说，我们已经做好了准备。
The fact was, we cared but little where we went, so we went together.
事实上，我们不太关心去哪里，所以我们一起去了。
Our greatest concern was about separation.
我们最担心的是分离。
We dreaded that more than any thing this side of death.
我们最害怕的就是死亡这一边的任何事情。
We found the evidence against us to be the testimony of one person; our master would not tell who it was; but we came to a unanimous decision among ourselves as to who their informant was.
我们发现对我们不利的证据是一个人的证词；我们的主人不肯透露那人是谁；但我们一致决定谁是他们的线人。
We were sent off to the jail at Easton.
我们被送往伊斯顿监狱。
When we got there, we were delivered up to the sheriff, Mr. Joseph Graham, and by him placed in jail.
当我们到达那里时，我们被交给了治安官约瑟夫·格雷厄姆先生，并被他关进了监狱。
Henry, John, and myself, were placed in one room together—Charles, and Henry Bailey, in another.
亨利、约翰和我被安排在一个房间里，而查尔斯和亨利贝利则被安排在另一个房间里。
Their object in separating us was to hinder concert.
他们分开我们的目的是为了阻碍音乐会。
We had been in jail scarcely twenty minutes, when a swarm of slave traders, and agents for slave traders, flocked into jail to look at us, and to ascertain if we were for sale.
我们进监狱还不到二十分钟，一群奴隶贩子和奴隶贩子的代理人就涌进监狱看我们，以确定我们是否被出售。
Such a set of beings I never saw before!
这样的一群人我以前从未见过！
I felt myself surrounded by so many fiends from perdition.
我感觉自己被这么多毁灭的恶魔包围着。
A band of pirates never looked more like their father, the devil.
一群海盗看起来最像他们的父亲——魔鬼。
They laughed and grinned over us, saying, “Ah, my boys!
他们对着我们大笑，说道：“啊，我的孩子们！
we have got you, haven’t we?” And after taunting us in various ways, they one by one went into an examination of us, with intent to ascertain our value.
我们已经找到你了，不是吗？”对我们进行各种嘲讽后，他们又对我们一一进行审视，想要确定我们的价值。
They would impudently ask us if we would not like to have them for our masters.
他们会无礼地问我们是否愿意让他们做我们的主人。
We would make them no answer, and leave them to find out as best they could.
我们不会让他们回答，让他们尽其所能去寻找答案。
Then they would curse and swear at us, telling us that they could take the devil out of us in a very little while, if we were only in their hands.
然后他们会咒骂我们，告诉我们，只要我们在他们手中，他们就能在很短的时间内把我们身上的魔鬼带走。
While in jail, we found ourselves in much more comfortable quarters than we expected when we went there.
在监狱里，我们发现自己的住所比我们去那里时预期的要舒适得多。
We did not get much to eat, nor that which was very good; but we had a good clean room, from the windows of which we could see what was going on in the street, which was very much better than though we had been placed in one of the dark, damp cells.
我们吃的东西不多，也没有什么好吃的。但我们有一间干净整洁的房间，从窗户里我们可以看到街上发生的事情，这比我们被关在一间又黑又湿的牢房里要好得多。
Upon the whole, we got along very well, so far as the jail and its keeper were concerned.
总的来说，就监狱和看守而言，我们相处得很好。
Immediately after the holidays were over, contrary to all our expectations, Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Freeland came up to Easton, and took Charles, the two Henrys, and John, out of jail, and carried them home, leaving me alone.
假期一结束，出乎我们的意料，汉密尔顿先生和弗里兰先生来到伊斯顿，把查尔斯、亨利夫妇和约翰从监狱里带了出来，带他们回家，留下我一个人。
I regarded this separation as a final one.
我把这次分离视为最后一次分离。
It caused me more pain than any thing else in the whole transaction.
在整个交易过程中，这给我带来的痛苦比任何其他事情都大。
I was ready for any thing rather than separation.
除了分离，我已经做好了一切准备。
I supposed that they had consulted together, and had decided that, as I was the whole cause of the intention of the others to run away, it was hard to make the innocent suffer with the guilty; and that they had, therefore, concluded to take the others home, and sell me, as a warning to the others that remained.
我想他们是一起商量过的，并决定，因为我是其他人逃跑的全部原因，所以很难让无辜者与有罪者一起受苦；因此，他们决定将其他人带回家，并把我卖掉，作为对剩下的其他人的警告。
It is due to the noble Henry to say, he seemed almost as reluctant at leaving the prison as at leaving home to come to the prison.
正是由于高贵的亨利的说法，他似乎不愿意离开监狱，就像不愿意离开家来到监狱一样。
But we knew we should, in all probability, be separated, if we were sold; and since he was in their hands, he concluded to go peaceably home.
但我们知道，如果我们被卖了，我们很可能会被分开；由于他在他们手中，他决定平静地回家。
I was now left to my fate.
现在我只能听天由命了。
I was all alone, and within the walls of a stone prison.
我独自一人，在一座石头监狱的围墙内。
But a few days before, and I was full of hope.
但几天前，我还充满希望。
I expected to have been safe in a land of freedom; but now I was covered with gloom, sunk down to the utmost despair.
我本以为在自由的土地上会很安全；但事实却是这样。但现在我却感到阴郁，陷入了极度的绝望。
I thought the possibility of freedom was gone.
我以为自由的可能性已经消失了。
I was kept in this way about one week, at the end of which, Captain Auld, my master, to my surprise and utter astonishment, came up, and took me out, with the intention of sending me, with a gentleman of his acquaintance, into Alabama.
我就这样被关了大约一个星期，最后，我的主人奥尔德上尉出现了，让我大吃一惊，把我带了出去，打算把我和他认识的一位绅士一起送到阿拉巴马州。
But, from some cause or other, he did not send me to Alabama, but concluded to send me back to Baltimore, to live again with his brother Hugh, and to learn a trade.
但是，出于某种原因，他并没有把我送到阿拉巴马州，而是决定把我送回巴尔的摩，再次与他的兄弟休一起生活，并学习一门手艺。
Thus, after an absence of three years and one month, I was once more permitted to return to my old home at Baltimore.
就这样，阔别三年零一个月后，我再次获准回到巴尔的摩的老家。
My master sent me away, because there existed against me a very great prejudice in the community, and he feared I might be killed.
我的主人把我送走了，因为社会上对我存在很大的偏见，他担心我会被杀。
In a few weeks after I went to Baltimore, Master Hugh hired me to Mr. William Gardner, an extensive ship-builder, on Fell’s Point.
我去巴尔的摩几周后，休大师雇用我到菲尔斯角的威廉·加德纳先生那里，他是一位大型造船商。
I was put there to learn how to calk.
我被安排在那里学习如何打嗝。
It, however, proved a very unfavorable place for the accomplishment of this object.
然而，事实证明，它对于实现这一目标来说非常不利。
Mr. Gardner was engaged that spring in building two large man-of-war brigs, professedly for the Mexican government.
那年春天，加德纳先生致力于建造两艘大型战舰双桅船，声称是为墨西哥政府服务的。
The vessels were to be launched in the July of that year, and in failure thereof, Mr. Gardner was to lose a considerable sum; so that when I entered, all was hurry.
这些船只原定于当年 7 月下水，如果失败，加德纳先生将损失一大笔钱；所以当我进去的时候，一切都很匆忙。
There was no time to learn any thing.
没有时间学习任何东西。
Every man had to do that which he knew how to do.
每个人都必须做他知道该怎么做的事。
In entering the shipyard, my orders from Mr. Gardner were, to do whatever the carpenters commanded me to do.
进入造船厂时，加德纳先生给我的命令是，木匠们让我做什么就做什么。
This was placing me at the beck and call of about seventy-five men.
这让我听从了大约七十五个人的指挥。
I was to regard all these as masters.
我要视这些为师父。
Their word was to be my law.
他们的话将成为我的法律。
My situation was a most trying one.
我的处境是最艰难的。
At times I needed a dozen pair of hands.
有时我需要十几双手。
I was called a dozen ways in the space of a single minute.
一分钟之内，我被叫了十几次。
Three or four voices would strike my ear at the same moment.
三四个声音会同时传入我的耳朵。
It was—“Fred., come help me to cant this timber here.”—“Fred., come carry this timber yonder.”—“Fred., bring that roller here.”—“Fred., go get a fresh can of water.”—“Fred., come help saw off the end of this timber.”—“Fred., go quick, and get the crowbar.”—“Fred., hold on the end of this fall.”—“Fred., go to the blacksmith’s shop, and get a new punch.”—“Hurra, Fred!
是——“弗雷德，来帮我把这里的这块木头倾斜起来。”——“弗雷德，过来把这块木头搬到那边去。”——“弗雷德，把滚轮拿过来。”——“弗雷德，去拿一罐新鲜的水。”——“弗雷德，来帮我锯掉这根木头的末端。”——“弗雷德，快点，拿撬棍。”——“弗雷德，抓住这个秋天的尽头。”——“弗雷德，去吧。去铁匠铺，打一记新拳头。”——“万岁，弗雷德！
run and bring me a cold chisel.”—“I say, Fred., bear a hand, and get up a fire as quick as lightning under that steam-box.”—“Halloo, nigger!
快跑，给我拿一把冷凿子来。”——“我说，弗雷德，伸出一只手，像闪电一样快地在那个蒸汽箱下生起火。”——“哈喽，黑鬼！
come, turn this grindstone.”—“Come, come!
来吧，转动这块磨刀石。”——“来吧，来吧！
move, move!
动起来，动起来！
and _bowse_ this timber forward.”—“I say, darky, blast your eyes, why don’t you heat up some pitch?”—“Halloo!
然后把这块木头向前鞠躬。”——“我说，黑鬼，睁大你的眼睛，为什么不加热一些沥青呢？”——“哈喽！
halloo!
你好！
halloo!” (Three voices at the same time.) “Come here!—Go there!—Hold on where you are!
哈喽！ （三个声音同时响起。）“过来！——去那儿！——别动！”
Damn you, if you move, I’ll knock your brains out!”
妈的，你再敢动，我就打碎你的脑袋！”
This was my school for eight months; and I might have remained there longer, but for a most horrid fight I had with four of the white apprentices, in which my left eye was nearly knocked out, and I was horribly mangled in other respects.
我在这所学校呆了八个月；如果不是我与四个白人学徒进行了一场最可怕的战斗，我的左眼几乎被打掉，而我的其他方面也受到了严重的伤害，我可能会在那里呆更长时间。
The facts in the case were these: Until a very little while after I went there, white and black ship-carpenters worked side by side, and no one seemed to see any impropriety in it.
案件的事实是这样的：直到我去那里不久之后，白人和黑人船木匠并肩工作，似乎没有人看出其中有什么不当之处。
All hands seemed to be very well satisfied.
所有人似乎都非常满意。
Many of the black carpenters were freemen.
许多黑人木匠都是自由民。
Things seemed to be going on very well.
事情似乎进展得很顺利。
All at once, the white carpenters knocked off, and said they would not work with free colored workmen.
突然，白人木匠停止了工作，并表示他们不会与自由的有色人种工人一起工作。
Their reason for this, as alleged, was, that if free colored carpenters were encouraged, they would soon take the trade into their own hands, and poor white men would be thrown out of employment.
据称，他们这样做的原因是，如果鼓励自由的有色木匠，他们很快就会把这个行业掌握在自己手中，而贫穷的白人将失业。
They therefore felt called upon at once to put a stop to it.
因此，他们感到有必要立即制止这种行为。
And, taking advantage of Mr. Gardner’s necessities, they broke off, swearing they would work no longer, unless he would discharge his black carpenters.
而且，利用加德纳先生的必需品，他们中断了联系，并发誓他们将不再工作，除非他解雇他的黑人木匠。
Now, though this did not extend to me in form, it did reach me in fact.
现在，虽然这在形式上没有延伸到我身上，但事实上它确实到达了我身上。
My fellow-apprentices very soon began to feel it degrading to them to work with me.
我的学徒们很快就开始觉得和我一起工作对他们来说是一种侮辱。
They began to put on airs, and talk about the “niggers” taking the country, saying we all ought to be killed; and, being encouraged by the journeymen, they commenced making my condition as hard as they could, by hectoring me around, and sometimes striking me.
他们开始摆架子，谈论“黑鬼”占领了这个国家，说我们都应该被杀；在熟练工的鼓励下，他们开始尽其所能地使我的处境变得艰难，威吓我，有时甚至殴打我。
I, of course, kept the vow I made after the fight with Mr. Covey, and struck back again, regardless of consequences; and while I kept them from combining, I succeeded very well; for I could whip the whole of them, taking them separately.
当然，我信守了与科维先生打架后所发的誓言，不顾后果地再次反击；虽然我阻止了它们结合，但我取得了很大的成功。因为我可以把它们全部鞭打，然后把它们分开。
They, however, at length combined, and came upon me, armed with sticks, stones, and heavy handspikes.
然而，他们最终联合起来，手持棍棒、石头和沉重的手杖向我袭来。
One came in front with a half brick.
其中一人拿着半块砖走在前面。
There was one at each side of me, and one behind me.
我的两侧各有一个，我的身后也各有一个。
While I was attending to those in front, and on either side, the one behind ran up with the handspike, and struck me a heavy blow upon the head.
当我正忙着照顾前面和两边的人时，后面的人拿着推杆跑了过来，对着我的头狠狠地打了一拳。
It stunned me.
这让我很震惊。
I fell, and with this they all ran upon me, and fell to beating me with their fists.
我摔倒了，他们就都跑到我身上，用拳头殴打我。
I let them lay on for a while, gathering strength.
我让他们躺了一会儿，积蓄力量。
In an instant, I gave a sudden surge, and rose to my hands and knees.
刹那间，我突然猛地一动，双手双膝站了起来。
Just as I did that, one of their number gave me, with his heavy boot, a powerful kick in the left eye.
就在我这么做的时候，他们中的一个人用他沉重的靴子狠狠地踢了我的左眼。
My eyeball seemed to have burst.
我的眼珠子好像要炸裂了。
When they saw my eye closed, and badly swollen, they left me.
当他们看到我的眼睛闭着并且肿得很厉害时，他们就离开了我。
With this I seized the handspike, and for a time pursued them.
于是，我抓住了推杆，一度追赶他们。
But here the carpenters interfered, and I thought I might as well give it up.
但木匠们在这里干涉了，我想我还是放弃吧。
It was impossible to stand my hand against so many.
我不可能对抗这么多人。
All this took place in sight of not less than fifty white ship-carpenters, and not one interposed a friendly word; but some cried, “Kill the damned nigger!
这一切都在至少五十名白人船木匠的注视下发生，没有人插嘴一句友好的话。但有些人喊道：“杀了这个该死的黑鬼！
Kill him!
杀了他！
kill him!
杀了他！
He struck a white person.” I found my only chance for life was in flight.
他袭击了一个白人。”我发现我唯一的生存机会就是飞行。
I succeeded in getting away without an additional blow, and barely so; for to strike a white man is death by Lynch law,—and that was the law in Mr. Gardner’s ship-yard; nor is there much of any other out of Mr. Gardner’s ship-yard.
我成功地逃脱了，没有受到额外的打击，而且勉强如此；因为按照林奇法，袭击白人就是死刑——这就是加德纳先生造船厂的法律。加德纳先生的造船厂也没有太多其他的。
I went directly home, and told the story of my wrongs to Master Hugh; and I am happy to say of him, irreligious as he was, his conduct was heavenly, compared with that of his brother Thomas under similar circumstances.
我直接回家，向休师父讲述了我的冤屈；我很高兴地对他说，尽管他不虔诚，但与他的兄弟托马斯在类似情况下的行为相比，他的行为是天堂般的。
He listened attentively to my narration of the circumstances leading to the savage outrage, and gave many proofs of his strong indignation at it.
他认真地听我讲述了导致野蛮暴行的情况，并提供了许多证据来表明他对此的强烈愤慨。
The heart of my once overkind mistress was again melted into pity.
曾经过于仁慈的女主人的心，再次化为怜悯。
My puffed-out eye and blood-covered face moved her to tears.
我肿胀的眼睛和沾满血的脸让她流下了眼泪。
She took a chair by me, washed the blood from my face, and, with a mother’s tenderness, bound up my head, covering the wounded eye with a lean piece of fresh beef.
她在我旁边拿了一把椅子，洗去我脸上的血迹，然后以母亲般的温柔将我的头包扎起来，用一块新鲜的瘦牛肉盖住受伤的眼睛。
It was almost compensation for my suffering to witness, once more, a manifestation of kindness from this, my once affectionate old mistress.
再次目睹我曾经深情的老情妇再次表现出善意，这几乎是对我痛苦的补偿。
Master Hugh was very much enraged.
休大师非常愤怒。
He gave expression to his feelings by pouring out curses upon the heads of those who did the deed.
他通过向那些做这件事的人的头上咒骂来表达他的感情。
As soon as I got a little the better of my bruises, he took me with him to Esquire Watson’s, on Bond Street, to see what could be done about the matter.
当我的瘀伤稍微好一点后，他就带我去了位于邦德街的 Esquire Watson’s，看看可以采取什么措施来解决这个问题。
Mr. Watson inquired who saw the assault committed.
沃森先生询问谁目睹了这起袭击事件。
Master Hugh told him it was done in Mr. Gardner’s ship-yard at midday, where there were a large company of men at work.
休大师告诉他，这是中午在加德纳先生的造船厂完成的，那里有一大群人正在工作。
“As to that,” he said, “the deed was done, and there was no question as to who did it.” His answer was, he could do nothing in the case, unless some white man would come forward and testify.
“至于这一点，”他说，“事情已经完成了，毫无疑问是谁干的。”他的回答是，他对此案无能为力，除非有白人站出来作证。
He could issue no warrant on my word.
他无法对我的话发出任何保证。
If I had been killed in the presence of a thousand colored people, their testimony combined would have been insufficient to have arrested one of the murderers.
如果我是在一千个有色人种面前被杀的，他们的证词加起来就不足以逮捕其中一名凶手。
Master Hugh, for once, was compelled to say this state of things was too bad.
休大师这一次不得不说，这种情况太糟糕了。
Of course, it was impossible to get any white man to volunteer his testimony in my behalf, and against the white young men.
当然，不可能让任何白人自愿为我提供证词，并反对白人年轻人。
Even those who may have sympathized with me were not prepared to do this.
即使那些可能同情我的人也不准备这样做。
It required a degree of courage unknown to them to do so; for just at that time, the slightest manifestation of humanity toward a colored person was denounced as abolitionism, and that name subjected its bearer to frightful liabilities.
这样做需要某种程度的勇气，他们不知道。因为就在那时，对有色人种最轻微的人性表现就被谴责为废奴主义，而这个名字让其持有者承担了可怕的责任。
The watchwords of the bloody-minded in that region, and in those days, were, “Damn the abolitionists!” and “Damn the niggers!” There was nothing done, and probably nothing would have been done if I had been killed.
在那个时代，那个地区的血腥分子的口号是：“废奴主义者该死！”和“该死的黑鬼！”什么也没做，如果我被杀了，也许什么也不会做。
Such was, and such remains, the state of things in the Christian city of Baltimore.
这就是基督教城市巴尔的摩的现状，现在仍然如此。
Master Hugh, finding he could get no redress, refused to let me go back again to Mr. Gardner.
休大师发现他无法得到补救，拒绝让我再次回到加德纳先生那里。
He kept me himself, and his wife dressed my wound till I was again restored to health.
他亲自照顾我，他的妻子包扎我的伤口，直到我再次恢复健康。
He then took me into the ship-yard of which he was foreman, in the employment of Mr. Walter Price.
然后他带我去了他担任工头的造船厂，受雇于沃尔特·普莱斯先生。
There I was immediately set to calking, and very soon learned the art of using my mallet and irons.
在那里，我立即开始进行填缝工作，很快就学会了使用木槌和熨斗的艺术。
In the course of one year from the time I left Mr. Gardner’s, I was able to command the highest wages given to the most experienced calkers.
在我离开加德纳先生的一年内，我能够获得最有经验的卡尔工的最高工资。
I was now of some importance to my master.
现在我对我的主人来说已经有些重要了。
I was bringing him from six to seven dollars per week.
我每周给他带来六到七美元。
I sometimes brought him nine dollars per week: my wages were a dollar and a half a day.
有时我每周给他带来九美元：我的工资是一天一美元半。
After learning how to calk, I sought my own employment, made my own contracts, and collected the money which I earned.
学会了如何打卡后，我开始自己找工作，自己签订合同，并收集我赚到的钱。
My pathway became much more smooth than before; my condition was now much more comfortable.
我的路变得比以前顺利多了；我的情况现在舒服多了。
When I could get no calking to do, I did nothing.
当我无事可做时，我什么也不做。
During these leisure times, those old notions about freedom would steal over me again.
在这些闲暇时间里，那些关于自由的旧观念又会悄然袭来。
When in Mr. Gardner’s employment, I was kept in such a perpetual whirl of excitement, I could think of nothing, scarcely, but my life; and in thinking of my life, I almost forgot my liberty.
当我在加德纳先生工作时，我总是处于兴奋的漩涡中，除了我的生活之外，我几乎什么也想不到。在思考我的生活时，我几乎忘记了我的自由。
I have observed this in my experience of slavery,—that whenever my condition was improved, instead of its increasing my contentment, it only increased my desire to be free, and set me to thinking of plans to gain my freedom.
我在奴隶制的经历中观察到这一点，每当我的状况得到改善时，它不但没有增加我的满足感，反而增加了我对自由的渴望，并使我开始思考获得自由的计划。
I have found that, to make a contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one.
我发现，要成为一个心满意足的奴隶，就必须成为一个没有思想的奴隶。
It is necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason.
有必要使他的道德和精神视野变得黑暗，并尽可能地消灭理性的力量。
He must be able to detect no inconsistencies in slavery; he must be made to feel that slavery is right; and he can be brought to that only when he ceases to be a man.
他必须能够发现奴隶制中没有任何不一致之处；必须让他觉得奴隶制是正确的；只有当他不再是一个人时，他才能达到这一点。
I was now getting, as I have said, one dollar and fifty cents per day.
正如我所说，我现在每天的收入是一美元五十美分。
I contracted for it; I earned it; it was paid to me; it was rightfully my own; yet, upon each returning Saturday night, I was compelled to deliver every cent of that money to Master Hugh.
我签了合同；这是我赚来的；是付给我的；它理应是我自己的；然而，每个周六晚上回来后，我都不得不把这笔钱的每一分钱都交给休大师。
And why?
为什么？
Not because he earned it,—not because he had any hand in earning it,—not because I owed it to him,—nor because he possessed the slightest shadow of a right to it; but solely because he had the power to compel me to give it up.
不是因为他赢得了它，——不是因为他参与了赢得它，——不是因为我欠他它，——也不是因为他拥有丝毫权利。但仅仅因为他有能力迫使我放弃它。
The right of the grim-visaged pirate upon the high seas is exactly the same.
公海上面目狰狞的海盗的权利也是如此。
CHAPTER XI
第十一章
I now come to that part of my life during which I planned, and finally succeeded in making, my escape from slavery.
现在，我开始计划并最终成功地摆脱了奴隶制。
But before narrating any of the peculiar circumstances, I deem it proper to make known my intention not to state all the facts connected with the transaction.
但在叙述任何特殊情况之前，我认为最好先表明我不打算陈述与交易有关的所有事实的意图。
My reasons for pursuing this course may be understood from the following: First, were I to give a minute statement of all the facts, it is not only possible, but quite probable, that others would thereby be involved in the most embarrassing difficulties.
我采取这一做法的原因可以从以下方面来理解：首先，如果我对所有事实进行详细陈述，那么其他人不仅有可能而且很可能因此陷入最尴尬的困境。
Secondly, such a statement would most undoubtedly induce greater vigilance on the part of slaveholders than has existed heretofore among them; which would, of course, be the means of guarding a door whereby some dear brother bondman might escape his galling chains.
其次，这样的声明无疑会引起奴隶主比以前更加警惕；当然，这将是守卫一扇门的手段，使一些亲爱的兄弟奴隶可以逃脱他那令人难堪的锁链。
I deeply regret the necessity that impels me to suppress any thing of importance connected with my experience in slavery.
我对迫使我压制任何与我的奴隶制经历有关的重要事情的必要性深表遗憾。
It would afford me great pleasure indeed, as well as materially add to the interest of my narrative, were I at liberty to gratify a curiosity, which I know exists in the minds of many, by an accurate statement of all the facts pertaining to my most fortunate escape.
如果我能自由地通过准确地陈述与我最幸运的逃亡有关的所有事实来满足好奇心，这确实会给我带来极大的乐趣，并在实质上增加我的叙述的兴趣，我知道这种好奇心存在于许多人的心中。
But I must deprive myself of this pleasure, and the curious of the gratification which such a statement would afford.
但我必须剥夺自己的这种快乐，以及这种说法所带来的好奇心。
I would allow myself to suffer under the greatest imputations which evil-minded men might suggest, rather than exculpate myself, and thereby run the hazard of closing the slightest avenue by which a brother slave might clear himself of the chains and fetters of slavery.
我宁愿让自己遭受心怀邪恶的人可能提出的最大的指责，也不愿为自己开脱，从而冒着关闭奴隶兄弟摆脱奴隶制枷锁和桎梏的最轻微途径的危险。
I have never approved of the very public manner in which some of our western friends have conducted what they call the _underground railroad,_ but which I think, by their open declarations, has been made most emphatically the _upperground railroad._ I honor those good men and women for their noble daring, and applaud them for willingly subjecting themselves to bloody persecution, by openly avowing their participation in the escape of slaves.
我从来不赞成我们的一些西方朋友以非常公开的方式进行他们所谓的“地下铁路”，但我认为，通过他们的公开声明，这种方式已被明确地称为“地上铁路”。我向那些善良的男女的崇高勇气表示敬意，并赞扬他们通过公开承认参与了奴隶的逃亡而自愿遭受血腥迫害。
I, however, can see very little good resulting from such a course, either to themselves or the slaves escaping; while, upon the other hand, I see and feel assured that those open declarations are a positive evil to the slaves remaining, who are seeking to escape.
然而，我看不出这种做法对他们自己或逃跑的奴隶有什么好处。另一方面，我看到并确信这些公开声明对那些寻求逃跑的剩余奴隶来说是一种积极的邪恶。
They do nothing towards enlightening the slave, whilst they do much towards enlightening the master.
他们对启发奴隶毫无作用，却对启发主人做了很多事情。
They stimulate him to greater watchfulness, and enhance his power to capture his slave.
它们刺激他更加警惕，并增强他捕获奴隶的能力。
We owe something to the slave south of the line as well as to those north of it; and in aiding the latter on their way to freedom, we should be careful to do nothing which would be likely to hinder the former from escaping from slavery.
我们对战线以南的奴隶和战线以北的奴隶都有所欠。在帮助后者走向自由的过程中，我们应该小心谨慎，不要做任何可能阻碍前者摆脱奴役的事情。
I would keep the merciless slaveholder profoundly ignorant of the means of flight adopted by the slave.
我会让无情的奴隶主对奴隶所采用的逃跑方式一无所知。
I would leave him to imagine himself surrounded by myriads of invisible tormentors, ever ready to snatch from his infernal grasp his trembling prey.
我会让他想象自己被无数看不见的折磨者包围，随时准备从他地狱般的手中夺走颤抖的猎物。
Let him be left to feel his way in the dark; let darkness commensurate with his crime hover over him; and let him feel that at every step he takes, in pursuit of the flying bondman, he is running the frightful risk of having his hot brains dashed out by an invisible agency.
让他在黑暗中摸索吧；让与他的罪行相称的黑暗笼罩在他身上；让他感觉到，在追赶飞翔的奴隶的过程中，他每迈出一步，都冒着被无形机构冲走的可怕风险。
Let us render the tyrant no aid; let us not hold the light by which he can trace the footprints of our flying brother.
我们不要向暴君提供任何帮助；让我们不要握住灯光，让他能够追踪我们飞行兄弟的足迹。
But enough of this.
但这已经够了。
I will now proceed to the statement of those facts, connected with my escape, for which I am alone responsible, and for which no one can be made to suffer but myself.
现在我将陈述与我的逃亡有关的那些事实，我独自对逃亡负有责任，除了我自己之外，没有人可以为此受苦。
In the early part of the year 1838, I became quite restless.
1838年初，我变得相当焦躁。
I could see no reason why I should, at the end of each week, pour the reward of my toil into the purse of my master.
我看不出为什么我应该在每周结束时将我辛劳的报酬倒入我主人的钱包里。
When I carried to him my weekly wages, he would, after counting the money, look me in the face with a robber-like fierceness, and ask, “Is this all?” He was satisfied with nothing less than the last cent.
当我把每周的工资递给他时，他数完钱后，会用强盗般的凶狠眼神看着我，问：“就这些了吗？”只要最后一分钱，他就很满意了。
He would, however, when I made him six dollars, sometimes give me six cents, to encourage me.
然而，当我给他六美元时，有时他会给我六美分，以鼓励我。
It had the opposite effect.
它产生了相反的效果。
I regarded it as a sort of admission of my right to the whole.
我认为这是对我对整体的权利的一种承认。
The fact that he gave me any part of my wages was proof, to my mind, that he believed me entitled to the whole of them.
在我看来，他把我工资的任何一部分都给了我，这一事实就证明他相信我有权获得全部工资。
I always felt worse for having received any thing; for I feared that the giving me a few cents would ease his conscience, and make him feel himself to be a pretty honorable sort of robber.
我总是因为收到任何东西而感觉更糟；因为我担心给我几分钱会让他的良心感到安心，让他觉得自己是一个相当光荣的强盗。
My discontent grew upon me.
我的不满情绪日益高涨。
I was ever on the look-out for means of escape; and, finding no direct means, I determined to try to hire my time, with a view of getting money with which to make my escape.
我一直在寻找逃生的途径；由于找不到直接的办法，我决定尝试利用自己的时间，以期获得金钱来逃跑。
In the spring of 1838, when Master Thomas came to Baltimore to purchase his spring goods, I got an opportunity, and applied to him to allow me to hire my time.
1838年春天，当托马斯大师来巴尔的摩采购他的春季商品时，我得到了一个机会，并向他申请允许我雇用我的时间。
He unhesitatingly refused my request, and told me this was another stratagem by which to escape.
他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的要求，并告诉我这是又一个逃跑的计谋。
He told me I could go nowhere but that he could get me; and that, in the event of my running away, he should spare no pains in his efforts to catch me.
他告诉我，我哪儿也去不了，但他可以找到我。如果我逃跑了，他应该不遗余力地抓住我。
He exhorted me to content myself, and be obedient.
他劝我要满足自己，要听话。
He told me, if I would be happy, I must lay out no plans for the future.
他告诉我，如果我想要幸福，我就不能为未来制定任何计划。
He said, if I behaved myself properly, he would take care of me.
他说，如果我表现得好，他就会照顾我。
Indeed, he advised me to complete thoughtlessness of the future, and taught me to depend solely upon him for happiness.
事实上，他劝我完全不要考虑未来，并教导我要完全依靠他来获得幸福。
He seemed to see fully the pressing necessity of setting aside my intellectual nature, in order to contentment in slavery.
他似乎充分认识到，为了满足于奴隶制，迫切需要抛开我的理智本性。
But in spite of him, and even in spite of myself, I continued to think, and to think about the injustice of my enslavement, and the means of escape.
但不管他，甚至不管我自己，我还是继续思考，思考我被奴役的不公正，以及逃脱的方法。
About two months after this, I applied to Master Hugh for the privilege of hiring my time.
大约两个月后，我向休大师申请了雇用我的时间的特权。
He was not acquainted with the fact that I had applied to Master Thomas, and had been refused.
他不知道我向托马斯大师提出了申请，但被拒绝了。
He too, at first, seemed disposed to refuse; but, after some reflection, he granted me the privilege, and proposed the following terms: I was to be allowed all my time, make all contracts with those for whom I worked, and find my own employment; and, in return for this liberty, I was to pay him three dollars at the end of each week; find myself in calking tools, and in board and clothing.
起初，他似乎也打算拒绝。但是，经过一番思考后，他授予了我这一特权，并提出了以下条件：允许我拥有所有的时间，与我为之工作的人签订所有合同，并找到自己的工作；作为这种自由的回报，我每周结束时付给他三美元。发现自己涉足填缝工具、板材和服装领域。
My board was two dollars and a half per week.
我的伙食费是每周两美元半。
This, with the wear and tear of clothing and calking tools, made my regular expenses about six dollars per week.
加上衣服和填缝工具的磨损，我的常规开支约为每周六美元。
This amount I was compelled to make up, or relinquish the privilege of hiring my time.
我不得不补足这笔钱，或者放弃雇用我的时间的特权。
Rain or shine, work or no work, at the end of each week the money must be forthcoming, or I must give up my privilege.
不管刮风下雨，工作还是不工作，每个周末钱都必须到账，否则我就必须放弃我的特权。
This arrangement, it will be perceived, was decidedly in my master’s favor.
可以看出，这种安排显然对我的主人有利。
It relieved him of all need of looking after me.
这让他不再需要照顾我。
His money was sure.
他的钱是肯定的。
He received all the benefits of slaveholding without its evils; while I endured all the evils of a slave, and suffered all the care and anxiety of a freeman.
他获得了奴隶制的所有好处，却没有带来任何弊端。而我却忍受着奴隶的一切罪恶，承受着自由人的一切忧虑和忧虑。
I found it a hard bargain.
我发现这很难讨价还价。
But, hard as it was, I thought it better than the old mode of getting along.
但是，尽管很困难，我认为这比旧的相处模式要好。
It was a step towards freedom to be allowed to bear the responsibilities of a freeman, and I was determined to hold on upon it.
被允许承担自由人的责任是迈向自由的一步，我决心坚持下去。
I bent myself to the work of making money.
我全身心投入到赚钱的工作中。
I was ready to work at night as well as day, and by the most untiring perseverance and industry, I made enough to meet my expenses, and lay up a little money every week.
我做好了日夜工作的准备，凭借最不懈的毅力和勤奋，我赚到了足够的钱来支付我的开支，每周还存下一点钱。
I went on thus from May till August.
我就这样从五月一直持续到八月。
Master Hugh then refused to allow me to hire my time longer.
休大师随后拒绝让我延长租用时间。
The ground for his refusal was a failure on my part, one Saturday night, to pay him for my week’s time.
他拒绝的理由是我未能在一个周六晚上支付他一周的时间费用。
This failure was occasioned by my attending a camp meeting about ten miles from Baltimore.
这次失败是由于我参加距离巴尔的摩十英里的帐篷大会而引起的。
During the week, I had entered into an engagement with a number of young friends to start from Baltimore to the camp ground early Saturday evening; and being detained by my employer, I was unable to get down to Master Hugh’s without disappointing the company.
本周，我与一些年轻朋友约定，周六傍晚早些时候从巴尔的摩出发前往露营地。由于我的雇主拘留了我，我无法在不让公司失望的情况下前往休大师那里。
I knew that Master Hugh was in no special need of the money that night.
我知道那天晚上休老爷子并不特别需要钱。
I therefore decided to go to camp meeting, and upon my return pay him the three dollars.
因此我决定去参加帐棚大会，回来后付给他三美元。
I staid at the camp meeting one day longer than I intended when I left.
我在帐棚大会上待的时间比我离开时预计的时间多了一天。
But as soon as I returned, I called upon him to pay him what he considered his due.
但我一回来，就要求他支付他认为应得的费用。
I found him very angry; he could scarce restrain his wrath.
我发现他很生气；他几乎无法抑制自己的愤怒。
He said he had a great mind to give me a severe whipping.
他说他下定决心要狠狠地打我一顿。
He wished to know how I dared go out of the city without asking his permission.
他想知道我怎么敢未经他的允许就出城。
I told him I hired my time and while I paid him the price which he asked for it, I did not know that I was bound to ask him when and where I should go.
我告诉他我租用了我的时间，虽然我支付了他所要求的价格，但我不知道我必须问他我应该什么时候去哪里。
This reply troubled him; and, after reflecting a few moments, he turned to me, and said I should hire my time no longer; that the next thing he should know of, I would be running away.
这个答复让他很烦恼。思考了一会儿后，他转向我，说我不应该再雇用我的时间了。他应该知道的下一件事是我会逃跑。
Upon the same plea, he told me to bring my tools and clothing home forthwith.
在同样的恳求下，他让我立即把工具和衣服带回家。
I did so; but instead of seeking work, as I had been accustomed to do previously to hiring my time, I spent the whole week without the performance of a single stroke of work.
我这样做了；但我并没有像以前习惯的那样去寻找工作，而是花了整整一个星期没有做任何工作。
I did this in retaliation.
我这样做是为了报复。
Saturday night, he called upon me as usual for my week’s wages.
周六晚上，他像往常一样向我索要一周的工资。
I told him I had no wages; I had done no work that week.
我告诉他我没有工资；那一周我没有做任何工作。
Here we were upon the point of coming to blows.
我们差点就要打起来了。
He raved, and swore his determination to get hold of me.
他大喊大叫，并发誓一定要抓住我。
I did not allow myself a single word; but was resolved, if he laid the weight of his hand upon me, it should be blow for blow.
我不允许自己说一个字；但他下定决心，如果他把手压在我身上，那就以牙还牙。
He did not strike me, but told me that he would find me in constant employment in future.
他没有打我，而是告诉我，他将来会找到我的固定工作。
I thought the matter over during the next day, Sunday, and finally resolved upon the third day of September, as the day upon which I would make a second attempt to secure my freedom.
第二天，也就是周日，我仔细考虑了这件事，最后决定在九月三号那天，我将在这一天第二次尝试确保自己的自由。
I now had three weeks during which to prepare for my journey.
我现在有三个星期的时间来准备我的旅程。
Early on Monday morning, before Master Hugh had time to make any engagement for me, I went out and got employment of Mr. Butler, at his ship-yard near the drawbridge, upon what is called the City Block, thus making it unnecessary for him to seek employment for me.
周一一早，休老爷子还没来得及为我做任何事，我就出去给巴特勒先生找了份工作，地点就在吊桥附近他的造船厂，位于所谓的城市街区，这样他就没有必要为我找工作了。
At the end of the week, I brought him between eight and nine dollars.
周末我给他带来了八到九美元。
He seemed very well pleased, and asked why I did not do the same the week before.
他似乎很高兴，并问我为什么不在前一周做同样的事情。
He little knew what my plans were.
他几乎不知道我的计划是什么。
My object in working steadily was to remove any suspicion he might entertain of my intent to run away; and in this I succeeded admirably.
我稳步工作的目的是消除他对我逃跑意图的任何怀疑。在这方面我取得了令人钦佩的成功。
I suppose he thought I was never better satisfied with my condition than at the very time during which I was planning my escape.
我想他认为我对自己的状况最满意的是在我计划逃跑的时候。
The second week passed, and again I carried him my full wages; and so well pleased was he, that he gave me twenty-five cents, (quite a large sum for a slaveholder to give a slave,) and bade me to make a good use of it.
第二周过去了，我又给他带来了全额工资。他非常高兴，给了我二十五美分（对于一个奴隶主来说，给一个奴隶来说是一笔相当大的钱），并嘱咐我要好好利用它。
I told him I would.
我告诉他我会的。
Things went on without very smoothly indeed, but within there was trouble.
事情虽然进展得不太顺利，但里面却有麻烦。
It is impossible for me to describe my feelings as the time of my contemplated start drew near.
当我计划的开始时间临近时，我无法描述我的感受。
I had a number of warmhearted friends in Baltimore,—friends that I loved almost as I did my life,—and the thought of being separated from them forever was painful beyond expression.
我在巴尔的摩有很多热心的朋友，我爱他们几乎就像我爱我的一生一样，一想到要与他们永远分离，我就感到难以形容的痛苦。
It is my opinion that thousands would escape from slavery, who now remain, but for the strong cords of affection that bind them to their friends.
我认为，如果没有牢固的感情纽带将他们与朋友联系在一起，成千上万的人本来可以摆脱奴隶制，但现在他们仍然存在。
The thought of leaving my friends was decidedly the most painful thought with which I had to contend.
离开朋友的想法无疑是我不得不面对的最痛苦的想法。
The love of them was my tender point, and shook my decision more than all things else.
他们的爱是我的痛点，比其他任何事情都更能动摇我的决定。
Besides the pain of separation, the dread and apprehension of a failure exceeded what I had experienced at my first attempt.
除了分离的痛苦之外，对失败的恐惧和担忧也超过了我第一次尝试时所经历的。
The appalling defeat I then sustained returned to torment me.
然后我遭受的惨败再次折磨着我。
I felt assured that, if I failed in this attempt, my case would be a hopeless one—it would seal my fate as a slave forever.
我确信，如果我这次尝试失败，我的案子将是无药可救的——它将永远注定我作为奴隶的命运。
I could not hope to get off with any thing less than the severest punishment, and being placed beyond the means of escape.
除了最严厉的惩罚和被置于无路可逃之外，我别无希望逃脱惩罚。
It required no very vivid imagination to depict the most frightful scenes through which I should have to pass, in case I failed.
不需要非常生动的想象力就能描绘出我必须经历的最可怕的场景，以防万一我失败了。
The wretchedness of slavery, and the blessedness of freedom, were perpetually before me.
奴隶制的悲惨和自由的幸福，永远在我面前。
It was life and death with me.
这对我来说是生与死。
But I remained firm, and, according to my resolution, on the third day of September, 1838, I left my chains, and succeeded in reaching New York without the slightest interruption of any kind.
但我依然坚定，并根据我的决心，在 1838 年 9 月的第三天，我摆脱了枷锁，成功地到达了纽约，没有受到任何干扰。
How I did so,—what means I adopted,—what direction I travelled, and by what mode of conveyance,—I must leave unexplained, for the reasons before mentioned.
我是如何做到的，——我采用什么方式，——我行进的方向，以及通过什么交通工具，——出于前面提到的原因，我必须不予解释。
I have been frequently asked how I felt when I found myself in a free State.
经常有人问我，当我发现自己处于自由状态时有何感受。
I have never been able to answer the question with any satisfaction to myself.
我一直无法满意地回答这个问题。
It was a moment of the highest excitement I ever experienced.
那是我经历过的最激动的时刻。
I suppose I felt as one may imagine the unarmed mariner to feel when he is rescued by a friendly man-of-war from the pursuit of a pirate.
我想我的感受就像人们可以想象的那样，当一名手无寸铁的水手被一艘友好的战舰从追击的海盗手中救出时，他的感受就是如此。
In writing to a dear friend, immediately after my arrival at New York, I said I felt like one who had escaped a den of hungry lions.
在我抵达纽约后立即写信给一位亲爱的朋友时，我说我感觉就像一个逃离了饥饿狮子巢穴的人。
This state of mind, however, very soon subsided; and I was again seized with a feeling of great insecurity and loneliness.
不过，这种心态很快就平息了。我再次感到一种极大的不安全感和孤独感。
I was yet liable to be taken back, and subjected to all the tortures of slavery.
我仍然有可能被带回去，并遭受奴隶制的所有酷刑。
This in itself was enough to damp the ardor of my enthusiasm.
这本身就足以浇灭我的热情。
But the loneliness overcame me.
但孤独战胜了我。
There I was in the midst of thousands, and yet a perfect stranger; without home and without friends, in the midst of thousands of my own brethren—children of a common Father, and yet I dared not to unfold to any one of them my sad condition.
在那里，我置身于数千人之中，却是一个完全陌生的人；我没有家，没有朋友，在成千上万的兄弟中间——同一个父亲的孩子，但我不敢向他们中的任何人透露我的悲惨处境。
I was afraid to speak to any one for fear of speaking to the wrong one, and thereby falling into the hands of money-loving kidnappers, whose business it was to lie in wait for the panting fugitive, as the ferocious beasts of the forest lie in wait for their prey.
我不敢和任何人说话，生怕说错话，落入贪财的绑匪手中，他们的职责就是埋伏等待气喘吁吁的逃亡者，就像森林里的猛兽埋伏等待猎物一样。
The motto which I adopted when I started from slavery was this—“Trust no man!” I saw in every white man an enemy, and in almost every colored man cause for distrust.
当我摆脱奴隶制时，我采用的座右铭是：“不要相信任何人！”我在每个白人身上都看到了敌人，在几乎每个有色人种身上都看到了不信任的原因。
It was a most painful situation; and, to understand it, one must needs experience it, or imagine himself in similar circumstances.
这是一个非常痛苦的情况；为了理解它，一个人必须经历它，或者想象自己处于类似的情况。
Let him be a fugitive slave in a strange land—a land given up to be the hunting-ground for slaveholders—whose inhabitants are legalized kidnappers—where he is every moment subjected to the terrible liability of being seized upon by his fellowmen, as the hideous crocodile seizes upon his prey!—I say, let him place himself in my situation—without home or friends—without money or credit—wanting shelter, and no one to give it—wanting bread, and no money to buy it,—and at the same time let him feel that he is pursued by merciless men-hunters, and in total darkness as to what to do, where to go, or where to stay,—perfectly helpless both as to the means of defence and means of escape,—in the midst of plenty, yet suffering the terrible gnawings of hunger,—in the midst of houses, yet having no home,—among fellow-men, yet feeling as if in the midst of wild beasts, whose greediness to swallow up the trembling and half-famished fugitive is only equalled by that with which the monsters of the deep swallow up the helpless fish upon which they subsist,—I say, let him be placed in this most trying situation,—the situation in which I was placed,—then, and not till then, will he fully appreciate the hardships of, and know how to sympathize with, the toil-worn and whip-scarred fugitive slave.
让他成为异国他乡的逃亡奴隶——这片土地被用作奴隶主的狩猎场——那里的居民都是合法的绑匪——在那里，他每时每刻都承受着被同胞抓住的可怕责任，就像丑恶的鳄鱼抓住他的猎物一样！——我说，让他把自己置于我的处境中——没有家，没有朋友，没有金钱或信用——想要庇护所，没有人给予——想要面包，却没有钱买它，同时让他感到自己被无情的猎手追赶，在完全黑暗中，不知道该做什么，去哪里，在哪里停留，无论是防御手段还是逃生手段都完全无助，在富裕之中，却遭受着饥饿的可怕折磨，在房屋之中，却无家可归，在同胞之中，却感觉仿佛置身于野兽之中，它们的贪婪吞掉颤抖的、半饥半饱的逃亡者，只能与深海的怪物吞掉他们赖以生存的无助的鱼一样，——我说，让他处于这种最艰难的境地，——我被置于这样的境地，——那时，只有到那时，他才会充分理解那些劳累不堪、鞭痕累累的逃亡奴隶的艰辛，并懂得如何同情。
Thank Heaven, I remained but a short time in this distressed situation.
感谢上帝，我在这种痛苦的处境中只停留了很短的时间。
I was relieved from it by the humane hand of _Mr.
_先生的仁慈之手使我摆脱了困境。
David Ruggles_, whose vigilance, kindness, and perseverance, I shall never forget.
大卫·拉格尔斯（David Ruggles），我永远不会忘记他的警惕、善良和毅力。
I am glad of an opportunity to express, as far as words can, the love and gratitude I bear him.
我很高兴有机会尽可能用言语表达我对他的爱和感激之情。
Mr. Ruggles is now afflicted with blindness, and is himself in need of the same kind offices which he was once so forward in the performance of toward others.
拉格尔斯先生现在双目失明，他自己也需要同样的职位，而他曾经在对待他人时如此积极。
I had been in New York but a few days, when Mr. Ruggles sought me out, and very kindly took me to his boarding-house at the corner of Church and Lespenard Streets.
我到纽约才几天，拉格尔斯先生找到了我，并非常友善地带我去了他位于教堂街和莱斯彭纳德街拐角处的寄宿处。
Mr. Ruggles was then very deeply engaged in the memorable _Darg_ case, as well as attending to a number of other fugitive slaves, devising ways and means for their successful escape; and, though watched and hemmed in on almost every side, he seemed to be more than a match for his enemies.
拉格尔斯先生当时非常深入地参与了令人难忘的_达格_案件，并照顾了许多其他逃亡奴隶，为他们的成功逃脱设计了方法和手段。尽管他几乎受到四面八方的监视和包围，但他似乎比敌人更胜一筹。
Very soon after I went to Mr. Ruggles, he wished to know of me where I wanted to go; as he deemed it unsafe for me to remain in New York.
我去找拉格尔斯先生后不久，他就想知道我想去哪里；因为他认为我留在纽约不安全。
I told him I was a calker, and should like to go where I could get work.
我告诉他我是个闲人，想去能找到工作的地方。
I thought of going to Canada; but he decided against it, and in favor of my going to New Bedford, thinking I should be able to get work there at my trade.
我想到了去加拿大；但他决定反对，而支持我去新贝德福德，认为我应该能够在那里找到工作。
At this time, Anna,[2] my intended wife, came on; for I wrote to her immediately after my arrival at New York, (notwithstanding my homeless, houseless, and helpless condition,) informing her of my successful flight, and wishing her to come on forthwith.
这时，我未婚妻安娜[2]登场了。因为我到达纽约后立即写信给她（尽管我无家可归，无家可归，无助），告诉她我成功飞行，并希望她立即登机。
In a few days after her arrival, Mr. Ruggles called in the Rev.
她到达后几天，拉格尔斯先生请来了牧师。
J.
J。
W.
W.
C.
C.
Pennington, who, in the presence of Mr. Ruggles, Mrs. Michaels, and two or three others, performed the marriage ceremony, and gave us a certificate, of which the following is an exact copy:—
彭宁顿在拉格尔斯先生、迈克尔斯夫人和其他两三个人的见证下主持了婚礼，并给了我们一份证书，以下是该证书的精确副本：
“This may certify, that I joined together in holy matrimony Frederick Johnson[3] and Anna Murray, as man and wife, in the presence of Mr. David Ruggles and Mrs. Michaels.
“这可以证明，我在大卫·拉格尔斯先生和迈克尔斯夫人在场的情况下，作为夫妻，弗雷德里克·约翰逊[3]和安娜·默里结成了神圣的婚姻。
“JAMES W.
“詹姆斯·W.
C.
C.
PENNINGTON “_New York, Sept_.
彭宁顿“_纽约，九月_。
15, 1838”
1838 年 15 日”
[2] She was free.
[2] 她自由了。
[3] I had changed my name from Frederick _Bailey_ to that of _Johnson_.
[3] 我已将我的名字从弗雷德里克_贝利_更改为_约翰逊_。
Upon receiving this certificate, and a five-dollar bill from Mr. Ruggles, I shouldered one part of our baggage, and Anna took up the other, and we set out forthwith to take passage on board of the steamboat John W.
收到这张证明和拉格尔斯先生寄来的一张五美元钞票后，我挑起了行李的一部分，安娜挑起了另一部分，我们立即出发，登上了约翰·W·肯尼迪号汽船。
Richmond for Newport, on our way to New Bedford.
里士满前往纽波特，在前往新贝德福德的途中。
Mr. Ruggles gave me a letter to a Mr. Shaw in Newport, and told me, in case my money did not serve me to New Bedford, to stop in Newport and obtain further assistance; but upon our arrival at Newport, we were so anxious to get to a place of safety, that, notwithstanding we lacked the necessary money to pay our fare, we decided to take seats in the stage, and promise to pay when we got to New Bedford.
拉格尔斯先生给了我一封写给纽波特的肖先生的信，并告诉我，如果我的钱不能带我去新贝德福德，请在纽波特停留并获得进一步的帮助；但抵达纽波特后，我们非常渴望到达一个安全的地方，尽管我们缺乏必要的钱来支付车费，但我们还是决定在舞台上就座，并承诺到达新贝德福德时付款。
We were encouraged to do this by two excellent gentlemen, residents of New Bedford, whose names I afterward ascertained to be Joseph Ricketson and William C.
两位优秀的绅士（新贝德福德的居民）鼓励我们这样做，后来我确定他们的名字是约瑟夫·里克森（Joseph Ricketson）和威廉·C.
Taber.
泰伯。
They seemed at once to understand our circumstances, and gave us such assurance of their friendliness as put us fully at ease in their presence.
他们似乎立刻就了解了我们的处境，并向我们保证了他们的友善，让我们在他们面前感到完全放松。
It was good indeed to meet with such friends, at such a time.
在这样的时候，能遇到这样的朋友，确实是件好事。
Upon reaching New Bedford, we were directed to the house of Mr. Nathan Johnson, by whom we were kindly received, and hospitably provided for.
到达新贝德福德后，我们被引导到内森·约翰逊先生的家，我们受到他的热情接待和热情款待。
Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnson took a deep and lively interest in our welfare.
约翰逊先生和夫人都对我们的福利抱有浓厚而浓厚的兴趣。
They proved themselves quite worthy of the name of abolitionists.
他们证明自己配得上废奴主义者的称号。
When the stage-driver found us unable to pay our fare, he held on upon our baggage as security for the debt.
当司机发现我们无力支付车费时，他扣留了我们的行李作为债务担保。
I had but to mention the fact to Mr. Johnson, and he forthwith advanced the money.
我只须向约翰逊先生提及此事，他就立即预支了这笔钱。
We now began to feel a degree of safety, and to prepare ourselves for the duties and responsibilities of a life of freedom.
我们现在开始感受到一定程度的安全，并为自由生活的义务和责任做好准备。
On the morning after our arrival at New Bedford, while at the breakfast-table, the question arose as to what name I should be called by.
到达新贝德福德的第二天早上，在吃早餐时，出现了一个问题：我应该叫什么名字。
The name given me by my mother was, “Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey.” I, however, had dispensed with the two middle names long before I left Maryland so that I was generally known by the name of “Frederick Bailey.” I started from Baltimore bearing the name of “Stanley.” When I got to New York, I again changed my name to “Frederick Johnson,” and thought that would be the last change.
我母亲给我起的名字是“弗雷德里克·奥古斯都·华盛顿·贝利”。然而，早在我离开马里兰州之前，我就已经放弃了这两个中间名，因此人们普遍以“弗雷德里克·贝利”这个名字为人所知。我从巴尔的摩出发，名字叫“斯坦利”。当我到达纽约时，我再次将自己的名字改成了“弗雷德里克·约翰逊”，并认为这将是最后一次改变。
But when I got to New Bedford, I found it necessary again to change my name.
但当我到达新贝德福德时，我发现有必要再次更改我的名字。
The reason of this necessity was, that there were so many Johnsons in New Bedford, it was already quite difficult to distinguish between them.
之所以有这种必要，是因为新贝德福德的约翰逊人太多了，已经很难区分了。
I gave Mr. Johnson the privilege of choosing me a name, but told him he must not take from me the name of “Frederick.” I must hold on to that, to preserve a sense of my identity.
我给予约翰逊先生为我选择名字的特权，但告诉他不能夺走我的“弗雷德里克”这个名字。我必须坚持这一点，以保持我的身份感。
Mr. Johnson had just been reading the “Lady of the Lake,” and at once suggested that my name be “Douglass.” From that time until now I have been called “Frederick Douglass;” and as I am more widely known by that name than by either of the others, I shall continue to use it as my own.
约翰逊先生刚刚读了《湖中女子》，立即建议我叫“道格拉斯”。从那时起直到现在我都被称为“弗雷德里克·道格拉斯”；由于我的名字比其他名字更广为人知，我将继续使用它作为我自己的名字。
I was quite disappointed at the general appearance of things in New Bedford.
我对新贝德福德的总体状况感到非常失望。
The impression which I had received respecting the character and condition of the people of the north, I found to be singularly erroneous.
我发现我对北方人民的性格和状况的印象是极其错误的。
I had very strangely supposed, while in slavery, that few of the comforts, and scarcely any of the luxuries, of life were enjoyed at the north, compared with what were enjoyed by the slaveholders of the south.
我非常奇怪地认为，在奴隶制时期，与南方奴隶主所享受的生活相比，北方的生活几乎没有什么舒适，也几乎没有任何奢侈。
I probably came to this conclusion from the fact that northern people owned no slaves.
我得出这个结论可能是因为北方人没有奴隶。
I supposed that they were about upon a level with the non-slaveholding population of the south.
我认为他们与南方非蓄奴人口处于同一水平。
I knew _they_ were exceedingly poor, and I had been accustomed to regard their poverty as the necessary consequence of their being non-slaveholders.
我知道他们非常贫穷，而且我一直习惯于将他们的贫穷视为他们非奴隶主的必然结果。
I had somehow imbibed the opinion that, in the absence of slaves, there could be no wealth, and very little refinement.
我不知怎么地接受了这样一种观点：如果没有奴隶，就不可能有财富，也不会有什么精致。
And upon coming to the north, I expected to meet with a rough, hard-handed, and uncultivated population, living in the most Spartan-like simplicity, knowing nothing of the ease, luxury, pomp, and grandeur of southern slaveholders.
来到北方后，我预计会遇到一群粗鲁、铁石心肠、未经教养的人民，他们过着最斯巴达式的简朴生活，对南方奴隶主的安逸、奢华、排场和宏伟一无所知。
Such being my conjectures, any one acquainted with the appearance of New Bedford may very readily infer how palpably I must have seen my mistake.
这是我的猜想，任何熟悉新贝德福德的人都可以很容易地推断出我一定已经明显地看到了自己的错误。
In the afternoon of the day when I reached New Bedford, I visited the wharves, to take a view of the shipping.
到达新贝德福德的当天下午，我参观了码头，参观了航运情况。
Here I found myself surrounded with the strongest proofs of wealth.
在这里，我发现自己被最有力的财富证明所包围。
Lying at the wharves, and riding in the stream, I saw many ships of the finest model, in the best order, and of the largest size.
躺在码头上，在溪流中行驶，我看到了许多型号最好、秩序最好、尺寸最大的船只。
Upon the right and left, I was walled in by granite warehouses of the widest dimensions, stowed to their utmost capacity with the necessaries and comforts of life.
在我的左右两边，我被最宽的花岗岩仓库围住，里面装满了生活必需品和舒适的物品。
Added to this, almost every body seemed to be at work, but noiselessly so, compared with what I had been accustomed to in Baltimore.
除此之外，几乎每个人似乎都在工作，但与我在巴尔的摩所习惯的情况相比，却是悄无声息。
There were no loud songs heard from those engaged in loading and unloading ships.
装卸船只的人没有大声喧哗。
I heard no deep oaths or horrid curses on the laborer.
我没有听到对工人的深沉的咒骂或可怕的咒骂。
I saw no whipping of men; but all seemed to go smoothly on.
我没有看到有人被鞭打；但一切似乎都进展顺利。
Every man appeared to understand his work, and went at it with a sober, yet cheerful earnestness, which betokened the deep interest which he felt in what he was doing, as well as a sense of his own dignity as a man.
每个人似乎都了解自己的工作，并以一种清醒而愉快的认真态度去做，这表明他对自己所做的事情有浓厚的兴趣，也表明了他作为一个男人的尊严感。
To me this looked exceedingly strange.
对我来说，这看起来非常奇怪。
From the wharves I strolled around and over the town, gazing with wonder and admiration at the splendid churches, beautiful dwellings, and finely-cultivated gardens; evincing an amount of wealth, comfort, taste, and refinement, such as I had never seen in any part of slaveholding Maryland.
从码头出发，我在小镇上漫步，怀着惊奇和钦佩的心情凝视着辉煌的教堂、美丽的住宅和精心培育的花园。表现出大量的财富、舒适、品味和精致，这是我在马里兰州奴隶制的任何地方从未见过的。
Every thing looked clean, new, and beautiful.
一切看起来都干净、崭新、美丽。
I saw few or no dilapidated houses, with poverty-stricken inmates; no half-naked children and barefooted women, such as I had been accustomed to see in Hillsborough, Easton, St. Michael’s, and Baltimore.
我几乎没有看到破旧的房屋，里面住着贫困的囚犯；没有半裸的孩子和赤脚的妇女，就像我在希尔斯伯勒、伊斯顿、圣迈克尔和巴尔的摩经常看到的那样。
The people looked more able, stronger, healthier, and happier, than those of Maryland.
与马里兰州的人们相比，这里的人们看起来更有能力、更强壮、更健康、更快乐。
I was for once made glad by a view of extreme wealth, without being saddened by seeing extreme poverty.
我第一次因看到极端的财富而感到高兴，而没有因为看到极端的贫困而感到悲伤。
But the most astonishing as well as the most interesting thing to me was the condition of the colored people, a great many of whom, like myself, had escaped thither as a refuge from the hunters of men.
但对我来说，最令人惊讶也是最有趣的是有色人种的状况，他们中的很多人像我一样，作为躲避人类猎手的避难所逃到了那里。
I found many, who had not been seven years out of their chains, living in finer houses, and evidently enjoying more of the comforts of life, than the average of slaveholders in Maryland.
我发现，与马里兰州奴隶主的平均水平相比，许多人摆脱枷锁还不到七年，就住在更好的房子里，显然享受着更多的舒适生活。
I will venture to assert, that my friend Mr. Nathan Johnson (of whom I can say with a grateful heart, “I was hungry, and he gave me meat; I was thirsty, and he gave me drink; I was a stranger, and he took me in”) lived in a neater house; dined at a better table; took, paid for, and read, more newspapers; better understood the moral, religious, and political character of the nation,—than nine tenths of the slaveholders in Talbot county Maryland.
我敢断言，我的朋友内森·约翰逊先生（我可以怀着感激的心情对他说：“我饿了，他给了我肉；我渴了，他给了我水；我是个陌生人，他收留了我”）住在一所更整洁的房子里；我的朋友，他给了我食物；我渴了，他给了我饮料；我是一个陌生人，他收留了我。在更好的餐桌上用餐；购买、付费和阅读更多报纸；比马里兰州塔尔伯特县十分之九的奴隶主更了解这个国家的道德、宗教和政治特征。
Yet Mr. Johnson was a working man.
然而约翰逊先生是一名工人。
His hands were hardened by toil, and not his alone, but those also of Mrs. Johnson.
他的双手因劳作而变得坚硬，不仅是他自己，约翰逊夫人也是如此。
I found the colored people much more spirited than I had supposed they would be.
我发现有色人种比我想象的更有活力。
I found among them a determination to protect each other from the blood-thirsty kidnapper, at all hazards.
我发现他们决心不惜一切危险，互相保护，免受嗜血绑匪的侵害。
Soon after my arrival, I was told of a circumstance which illustrated their spirit.
我到达后不久，有人告诉我一个可以体现他们精神的情况。
A colored man and a fugitive slave were on unfriendly terms.
一名黑人和一名逃亡奴隶关系不睦。
The former was heard to threaten the latter with informing his master of his whereabouts.
据称前者威胁后者告知其主人他的下落。
Straightway a meeting was called among the colored people, under the stereotyped notice, “Business of importance!” The betrayer was invited to attend.
有色人种立即召开了一次会议，会议的口号是“重要的事情！”。背叛者被邀请参加。
The people came at the appointed hour, and organized the meeting by appointing a very religious old gentleman as president, who, I believe, made a prayer, after which he addressed the meeting as follows: “_Friends, we have got him here, and I would recommend that you young men just take him outside the door, and kill him!_” With this, a number of them bolted at him; but they were intercepted by some more timid than themselves, and the betrayer escaped their vengeance, and has not been seen in New Bedford since.
人们在指定的时间到来，并任命一位非常虔诚的老先生为主席来组织这次会议，我相信他做了祈祷，之后他在会议上发表了如下讲话：“朋友们，我们已经把他抓到了，我建议你们年轻人把他带到门外，杀掉他！”说完，他们中的一些人向他狂奔；但他们被一些比他们更胆怯的人拦截了，背叛者逃脱了他们的报复，从那以后就再也没有在新贝德福德出现过。
I believe there have been no more such threats, and should there be hereafter, I doubt not that death would be the consequence.
我相信不会再有这样的威胁，如果以后再有这样的威胁，我毫不怀疑结果就是死亡。
I found employment, the third day after my arrival, in stowing a sloop with a load of oil.
到达后的第三天，我找到了一份工作，负责装载一艘装满石油的单桅帆船。
It was new, dirty, and hard work for me; but I went at it with a glad heart and a willing hand.
这对我来说是新的、肮脏的、艰苦的工作。但我怀着一颗快乐的心和一只愿意的手去做了。
I was now my own master.
我现在是我自己的主人了。
It was a happy moment, the rapture of which can be understood only by those who have been slaves.
那是一个幸福的时刻，其中的狂喜只有当过奴隶的人才能理解。
It was the first work, the reward of which was to be entirely my own.
这是第一个作品，其报酬完全是我自己的。
There was no Master Hugh standing ready, the moment I earned the money, to rob me of it.
当我赚到钱的那一刻，休大师并没有准备好抢走我的钱。
I worked that day with a pleasure I had never before experienced.
那天我工作得非常愉快，这是我以前从未经历过的。
I was at work for myself and newly-married wife.
我正在为自己和新婚妻子工作。
It was to me the starting-point of a new existence.
对我来说，这是新存在的起点。
When I got through with that job, I went in pursuit of a job of calking; but such was the strength of prejudice against color, among the white calkers, that they refused to work with me, and of course I could get no employment.[4] Finding my trade of no immediate benefit, I threw off my calking habiliments, and prepared myself to do any kind of work I could get to do.
当我完成那份工作后，我开始追求一份填缝工作。但白人对肤色的偏见如此强烈，以至于他们拒绝与我一起工作，当然我也找不到工作。 [4]我发现自己的工作并没有立竿见影的好处，于是我扔掉了自己的束缚，准备好去做任何我能做的工作。
Mr. Johnson kindly let me have his wood-horse and saw, and I very soon found myself a plenty of work.
约翰逊先生好心地让我拥有他的木马和锯子，我很快就发现自己有很多工作要做。
There was no work too hard—none too dirty.
没有什么工作是太辛苦的，也没有什么工作是太脏的。
I was ready to saw wood, shovel coal, carry wood, sweep the chimney, or roll oil casks,—all of which I did for nearly three years in New Bedford, before I became known to the anti-slavery world.
我准备好锯木头、铲煤、搬运木头、清扫烟囱或滚油桶——在我为反奴隶制世界所熟知之前，我在新贝德福德做了近三年的所有这些工作。
[4] I am told that colored persons can now get employment at calking in New Bedford—a result of anti-slavery effort.
[4] 我听说，有色人种现在可以在新贝德福德的 Calking 找到工作——这是反奴隶制努力的结果。
In about four months after I went to New Bedford, there came a young man to me, and inquired if I did not wish to take the “Liberator.” I told him I did; but, just having made my escape from slavery, I remarked that I was unable to pay for it then.
我去新贝德福德大约四个月后，有一个年轻人来找我，问我是否不想乘坐“解放者号”。我告诉他我做到了；但是，当我刚刚摆脱奴隶制时，我说我当时无力支付费用。
I, however, finally became a subscriber to it.
然而，我最终成为了它的订阅者。
The paper came, and I read it from week to week with such feelings as it would be quite idle for me to attempt to describe.
报纸来了，我一周又一周地读着它，心中的感受对我来说是很无用的。
The paper became my meat and my drink.
报纸成了我的肉和饮料。
My soul was set all on fire.
我的灵魂都被点燃了。
Its sympathy for my brethren in bonds—its scathing denunciations of slaveholders—its faithful exposures of slavery—and its powerful attacks upon the upholders of the institution—sent a thrill of joy through my soul, such as I had never felt before!
它对我身陷囹圄的弟兄们的同情——它对奴隶主的严厉谴责——它对奴隶制的忠实揭露——以及它对这一制度的支持者的有力攻击——给我的灵魂带来了一种我以前从未感受过的喜悦的激动！
I had not long been a reader of the “Liberator,” before I got a pretty correct idea of the principles, measures and spirit of the anti-slavery reform.
我读《解放者》不久，就对反奴隶制改革的原则、措施和精神有了比较正确的认识。
I took right hold of the cause.
我抓住了这个原因。
I could do but little; but what I could, I did with a joyful heart, and never felt happier than when in an anti-slavery meeting.
我能做的却很少；但我能做的，都是怀着一颗快乐的心去做的，从来没有比参加反奴隶制会议时感到更快乐的了。
I seldom had much to say at the meetings, because what I wanted to say was said so much better by others.
我在会上很少有太多话要说，因为我想说的话别人都说得更好了。
But, while attending an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, on the 11th of August, 1841, I felt strongly moved to speak, and was at the same time much urged to do so by Mr. William C.
但是，1841 年 8 月 11 日，当我参加楠塔基特岛举行的反奴隶制大会时，我强烈地想要发言，同时威廉·C.
Coffin, a gentleman who had heard me speak in the colored people’s meeting at New Bedford.
科芬是一位绅士，他在新贝德福德的有色人种会议上听过我的演讲。
It was a severe cross, and I took it up reluctantly.
这是一个严峻的十字架，我不情愿地接受了它。
The truth was, I felt myself a slave, and the idea of speaking to white people weighed me down.
事实是，我觉得自己是一个奴隶，与白人交谈的想法让我感到沉重。
I spoke but a few moments, when I felt a degree of freedom, and said what I desired with considerable ease.
我只说了一会儿，当我感到一定程度的自由时，我就相当轻松地说出了我想要说的话。
From that time until now, I have been engaged in pleading the cause of my brethren—with what success, and with what devotion, I leave those acquainted with my labors to decide.
从那时起直到现在，我一直致力于为我的弟兄们辩护——取得什么成功，以什么奉献精神，我让那些熟悉我工作的人来决定。
APPENDIX
附录
I find, since reading over the foregoing Narrative, that I have, in several instances, spoken in such a tone and manner, respecting religion, as may possibly lead those unacquainted with my religious views to suppose me an opponent of all religion.
我发现，自从读完上述叙述后，我在一些情况下以尊重宗教的语气和方式说话，这可能会导致那些不熟悉我的宗教观点的人认为我是所有宗教的反对者。
To remove the liability of such misapprehension, I deem it proper to append the following brief explanation.
为了消除这种误解的责任，我认为附上以下简要说明是适当的。
What I have said respecting and against religion, I mean strictly to apply to the _slaveholding religion_ of this land, and with no possible reference to Christianity proper; for, between the Christianity of this land, and the Christianity of Christ, I recognize the widest possible difference—so wide, that to receive the one as good, pure, and holy, is of necessity to reject the other as bad, corrupt, and wicked.
我所说的尊重和反对宗教，我的意思是严格适用于这片土地上的_奴隶制宗教_，而不是指基督教本身。因为，在这片土地上的基督教和基督的基督教之间，我认识到最大可能的差异——如此之大，以至于接受一个是良善的、纯洁的和神圣的，就必须拒绝另一个是坏的、腐败的和邪恶的。
To be the friend of the one, is of necessity to be the enemy of the other.
想要成为一个人的朋友，就必然成为另一个人的敌人。
I love the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ: I therefore hate the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land.
我热爱基督纯洁、和平、公正的基督教：因此，我讨厌这片土地上腐败的、奴隶制的、鞭打妇女的、掠夺摇篮的、片面的和虚伪的基督教。
Indeed, I can see no reason, but the most deceitful one, for calling the religion of this land Christianity.
事实上，除了最欺骗性的理由之外，我看不出有任何理由可以将这片土地上的宗教称为基督教。
I look upon it as the climax of all misnomers, the boldest of all frauds, and the grossest of all libels.
我认为这是所有用词不当的顶峰，所有欺诈中最大胆的，也是所有诽谤中最严重的。
Never was there a clearer case of “stealing the livery of the court of heaven to serve the devil in.” I am filled with unutterable loathing when I contemplate the religious pomp and show, together with the horrible inconsistencies, which every where surround me.
从来没有比这更清楚的“窃取天庭制服为魔鬼服务”的案例了。当我想到宗教的盛况和表演，以及我周围无处不在的可怕的不一致之处时，我充满了难以言表的厌恶。
We have men-stealers for ministers, women-whippers for missionaries, and cradle-plunderers for church members.
我们有牧师的偷男人者、传教士的女性鞭打者、教会成员的摇篮掠夺者。
The man who wields the blood-clotted cowskin during the week fills the pulpit on Sunday, and claims to be a minister of the meek and lowly Jesus.
那个在工作日挥舞着血迹斑斑的牛皮的人在周日登上讲坛，并声称自己是温柔谦卑的耶稣的传道人。
The man who robs me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of life, and the path of salvation.
那个在每周结束时抢走我收入的人在周日早上以班长的身份与我会面，向我展示生活方式和救赎之路。
He who sells my sister, for purposes of prostitution, stands forth as the pious advocate of purity.
以卖淫为目的而出卖我妹妹的人，是纯洁的虔诚倡导者。
He who proclaims it a religious duty to read the Bible denies me the right of learning to read the name of the God who made me.
宣称阅读《圣经》是一种宗教义务的人，剥夺了我学习阅读创造我的上帝名字的权利。
He who is the religious advocate of marriage robs whole millions of its sacred influence, and leaves them to the ravages of wholesale pollution.
作为婚姻的宗教倡导者，他剥夺了数百万人的神圣影响力，并让他们遭受大规模污染的蹂躏。
The warm defender of the sacredness of the family relation is the same that scatters whole families,—sundering husbands and wives, parents and children, sisters and brothers,—leaving the hut vacant, and the hearth desolate.
家庭关系神圣性的热心捍卫者，也导致整个家庭四分五裂——丈夫与妻子、父母与子女、兄弟姐妹——四分五裂，小屋空空荡荡，壁炉荒凉。
We see the thief preaching against theft, and the adulterer against adultery.
我们看到小偷宣扬反对盗窃，奸夫宣讲反对通奸。
We have men sold to build churches, women sold to support the gospel, and babes sold to purchase Bibles for the _Poor Heathen!
我们卖男人来建造教堂，卖女人来支持福音，卖婴儿来为可怜的异教徒购买圣经！
All For The Glory Of God And The Good Of Souls!_ The slave auctioneer’s bell and the church-going bell chime in with each other, and the bitter cries of the heart-broken slave are drowned in the religious shouts of his pious master.
一切为了上帝的荣耀和灵魂的美好！_奴隶拍卖师的钟声和教堂的钟声互相呼应，伤心欲绝的奴隶的痛苦哭声淹没在他虔诚主人的宗教呼喊中。
Revivals of religion and revivals in the slave-trade go hand in hand together.
宗教的复兴和奴隶贸易的复兴是齐头并进的。
The slave prison and the church stand near each other.
奴隶监狱和教堂相邻。
The clanking of fetters and the rattling of chains in the prison, and the pious psalm and solemn prayer in the church, may be heard at the same time.
监狱里镣铐的叮当声和锁链的嘎嘎声，教堂里虔诚的圣歌和庄严的祈祷声，可能同时响起。
The dealers in the bodies and souls of men erect their stand in the presence of the pulpit, and they mutually help each other.
人类肉体和灵魂的商人在讲坛前竖起自己的立场，互相帮助。
The dealer gives his blood-stained gold to support the pulpit, and the pulpit, in return, covers his infernal business with the garb of Christianity.
商人把他沾满血的黄金用来支撑讲坛，而讲坛则用基督教的外衣掩盖他的地狱生意。
Here we have religion and robbery the allies of each other—devils dressed in angels’ robes, and hell presenting the semblance of paradise.
在这里，宗教与抢劫互为盟友——披着天使长袍的魔鬼，呈现出天堂模样的地狱。
“Just God!
“简直是神啊！
and these are they,v Who minister at thine altar, God of right!
这些人就是在你的祭坛上侍奉的，公义的神！
Men who their hands, with prayer and blessing, lay On Israel’s ark of light.
人们带着祈祷和祝福，把手放在以色列的光明方舟上。
“What!
“什么！
preach, and kidnap men?
传教，绑架人？
Give thanks, and rob thy own afflicted poor?
感恩并掠夺你自己受苦的穷人？
Talk of thy glorious liberty, and then Bolt hard the captive’s door?
谈论你光荣的自由，然后用力关上俘虏的门？
“What!
“什么！
servants of thy own Merciful Son, who came to seek and save The homeless and the outcast, fettering down The tasked and plundered slave!
你仁慈的儿子的仆人，他们来寻找和拯救无家可归和被遗弃的人，束缚任务和被掠夺的奴隶！
“Pilate and Herod friends!
“彼拉多和希律的朋友们！
Chief priests and rulers, as of old, combine!
祭司长和统治者一如既往地联合起来！
Just God and holy!
就是神和圣洁！
is that church which lends Strength to the spoiler thine?”
那个为破坏者提供力量的教会是你的吗？
The Christianity of America is a Christianity, of whose votaries it may be as truly said, as it was of the ancient scribes and Pharisees, “They bind heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders, but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.
美国的基督教就是基督教，对于它的追随者来说，就像古代文士和法利赛人一样，“他们把沉重的、难以承受的担子捆起来，放在人的肩上，但他们自己却不会用一根手指头移动它们。
All their works they do for to be seen of men.—They love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues, .
他们所做的一切都是为了让人看见。——他们喜爱筵席上最上面的房间，以及会堂里的主要座位，……。
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and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.—But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
并被人称为拉比，拉比。——但你们这些假冒为善的文士和法利赛人有祸了！
for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men; for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
因为你们向人关闭了天国的门；因为你们自己不进去，也不容许那些进来的人进去。
Ye devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers; therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.
你们侵占寡妇的房屋，并假装作长篇祈祷；因此，你们将受到更大的诅咒。
Ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.—Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
你们走遍海洋和陆地，要造就一个皈依者，当他被造出来时，你们就使他成为比你们自己还要深两倍的地狱之子。——你们这些假冒伪善的文士和法利赛人有祸了！
for ye pay tithe of mint, and anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith; these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
因为你们缴纳了薄荷、茴香和小茴香的十分之一，却忽略了法律、审判、怜悯和信仰等更重要的事情；这些是你们应该做的，而不是让其他的事情悬而未决。
Ye blind guides!
你们这些盲人向导！
which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
它拉扯一只蚊子，吞下一头骆驼。
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
你们这些假冒为善的文士和法利赛人有祸了！
for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter; but within, they are full of extortion and excess.—Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
因为你们要洁净杯盘的外面。但他们的内心却充满了勒索和放纵。——你们这些假冒为善的文士和法利赛人有祸了！
for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones, and of all uncleanness.
因为你们就像粉饰的坟墓，外面好看，里面却装满了死人的骨头和一切的污秽。
Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.”
你们也是这样，在人前，外面显出公义来，里面却装满了假善和罪孽。”
Dark and terrible as is this picture, I hold it to be strictly true of the overwhelming mass of professed Christians in America.
尽管这幅图画既黑暗又可怕，但我认为它对于美国绝大多数自称基督徒的人来说是完全正确的。
They strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
他们拉扯一只蚊子，吞下一头骆驼。
Could any thing be more true of our churches?
对于我们的教会来说，还有比这更真实的事情吗？
They would be shocked at the proposition of fellowshipping a _sheep_-stealer; and at the same time they hug to their communion a _man_-stealer, and brand me with being an infidel, if I find fault with them for it.
他们会对与偷羊者进行团契的提议感到震惊；与此同时，他们在交流中拥抱了一个偷人者，如果我因此对他们提出错误，他们就会给我贴上异教徒的标签。
They attend with Pharisaical strictness to the outward forms of religion, and at the same time neglect the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith.
他们以法利赛人的严格态度关注宗教的外在形式，同时却忽视了法律、审判、怜悯和信仰等更重要的问题。
They are always ready to sacrifice, but seldom to show mercy.
他们总是做好牺牲的准备，但很少表现出怜悯。
They are they who are represented as professing to love God whom they have not seen, whilst they hate their brother whom they have seen.
他们被描述为自称爱他们没有见过的上帝，而他们却恨他们见过的兄弟。
They love the heathen on the other side of the globe.
他们热爱地球另一端的异教徒。
They can pray for him, pay money to have the Bible put into his hand, and missionaries to instruct him; while they despise and totally neglect the heathen at their own doors.
他们可以为他祈祷，花钱把《圣经》交到他手里，并请传教士来指导他；而他们却鄙视并完全忽视了自家门口的异教徒。
Such is, very briefly, my view of the religion of this land; and to avoid any misunderstanding, growing out of the use of general terms, I mean by the religion of this land, that which is revealed in the words, deeds, and actions, of those bodies, north and south, calling themselves Christian churches, and yet in union with slaveholders.
这就是我对这片土地宗教的简单看法。为了避免因使用一般术语而产生的任何误解，我指的是这片土地上的宗教，即那些自称为基督教会却与奴隶主联合的北方和南方团体的言行和行动中所揭示的宗教。
It is against religion, as presented by these bodies, that I have felt it my duty to testify.
正如这些机构所提出的那样，我认为我有责任作证，这是反对宗教的。
I conclude these remarks by copying the following portrait of the religion of the south, (which is, by communion and fellowship, the religion of the north,) which I soberly affirm is “true to the life,” and without caricature or the slightest exaggeration.
我通过复制以下对南方宗教的描述来结束这些评论（通过共融和团契，北方的宗教），我郑重地肯定它是“忠实于生活”的，没有讽刺或丝毫夸张。
It is said to have been drawn, several years before the present anti-slavery agitation began, by a northern Methodist preacher, who, while residing at the south, had an opportunity to see slaveholding morals, manners, and piety, with his own eyes.
据说，这幅作品是在当前的反奴隶制鼓动开始几年前，由一位北方卫理公会传教士绘制的，他住在南方时，有机会亲眼目睹奴隶制的道德、礼仪和虔诚。
“Shall I not visit for these things?
“我不去拜访这些东西吗？
saith the Lord.
主说。
Shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this?”
我的灵魂难道不会向这样的国家报仇吗？”
A PARODY
戏仿
“Come, saints and sinners, hear me tell How pious priests whip Jack and Nell, And women buy and children sell, And preach all sinners down to hell, And sing of heavenly union.
“来吧，圣徒和罪人，听我讲述虔诚的牧师如何鞭打杰克和内尔，如何让妇女买东西，让孩子卖东西，如何宣讲所有罪人下地狱，如何歌颂天堂的结合。
“They’ll bleat and baa, dona like goats, Gorge down black sheep, and strain at motes, Array their backs in fine black coats, Then seize their negroes by their throats, And choke, for heavenly union.
“他们会像山羊一样咩咩叫，多纳，狼吞虎咽地吃掉黑羊，拉扯灰尘，把他们的背穿上精美的黑色外套，然后抓住他们的黑人的喉咙，窒息，为了天堂的结合。
“They’ll church you if you sip a dram, And damn you if you steal a lamb; Yet rob old Tony, Doll, and Sam, Of human rights, and bread and ham; Kidnapper’s heavenly union.
“如果你喝一杯酒，他们就会教会你，如果你偷了一只羔羊，他们就会诅咒你；然而却剥夺了老托尼、多尔和山姆的人权、面包和火腿；绑匪的天堂般的结合。
“They’ll loudly talk of Christ’s reward, And bind his image with a cord, And scold, and swing the lash abhorred, And sell their brother in the Lord To handcuffed heavenly union.
“他们会大声谈论基督的奖赏，用绳子绑住他的像，咒骂，挥动可憎的鞭子，并出卖他们在主里的兄弟，让他们戴上手铐与天国结合。
“They’ll read and sing a sacred song, And make a prayer both loud and long, And teach the right and do the wrong, Hailing the brother, sister throng, With words of heavenly union.
“他们将朗诵并唱一首神圣的歌曲，并进行大声而漫长的祈祷，并教导正确和做错事，向兄弟姐妹欢呼，用天堂般的联合话语。
“We wonder how such saints can sing, Or praise the Lord upon the wing, Who roar, and scold, and whip, and sting, And to their slaves and mammon cling, In guilty conscience union.
“我们想知道这样的圣徒如何能歌唱，或在翅膀上赞美主，他们咆哮，责骂，鞭打，毒刺，并以罪恶的良心联合他们的奴隶和玛门。
“They’ll raise tobacco, corn, and rye, And drive, and thieve, and cheat, and lie, And lay up treasures in the sky, By making switch and cowskin fly, In hope of heavenly union.
“他们会种植烟草、玉米和黑麦，开车、偷窃、欺骗和谎言，并在天空中积攒财宝，让柳条和牛皮飞扬，希望天上的结合。
“They’ll crack old Tony on the skull, And preach and roar like Bashan bull, Or braying ass, of mischief full, Then seize old Jacob by the wool, And pull for heavenly union.
“他们会敲碎老托尼的头骨，然后像巴山公牛一样宣讲和咆哮，或者像驴子一样恶作剧，然后抓住老雅各布的羊毛，并拉动天堂的结合。
“A roaring, ranting, sleek man-thief, Who lived on mutton, veal, and beef, Yet never would afford relief To needy, sable sons of grief, Was big with heavenly union.
“一个咆哮、咆哮、圆滑的盗贼，以羊肉、小牛肉和牛肉为生，却永远不会为悲伤的贫困之子提供救济，与天堂的结合很伟大。
“‘Love not the world,’ the preacher said, And winked his eye, and shook his head; He seized on Tom, and Dick, and Ned, Cut short their meat, and clothes, and bread, Yet still loved heavenly union.
“‘不要爱世界，’传教士说，然后眨了眨眼睛，摇了摇头；他抓住了汤姆、迪克和内德，削减了他们的肉、衣服和面包，但仍然热爱天堂的结合。
“Another preacher whining spoke Of One whose heart for sinners broke: He tied old Nanny to an oak, And drew the blood at every stroke, And prayed for heavenly union.
另一位传教士抱怨道，他为罪人心碎：他把老保姆绑在橡树上，每一击都流血，并祈祷天堂的结合。
“Two others oped their iron jaws, And waved their children-stealing paws; There sat their children in gewgaws; By stinting negroes’ backs and maws, They kept up heavenly union.
“另外两个张开铁爪，挥舞着孩子们的爪子——偷窃；他们的孩子们坐在那儿，穿着华美的衣服。通过节省黑人的背部和胃口，他们维持了天堂般的团结。
“All good from Jack another takes, And entertains their flirts and rakes, Who dress as sleek as glossy snakes, And cram their mouths with sweetened cakes; And this goes down for union.”
“杰克的一切好处都被另一个人拿走，并招待他们的调情者和浪荡子，他们穿着像光滑的蛇一样光滑，并用甜蛋糕塞满他们的嘴；这为联合而下降。”
Sincerely and earnestly hoping that this little book may do something toward throwing light on the American slave system, and hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of my brethren in bonds—faithfully relying upon the power of truth, love, and justice, for success in my humble efforts—and solemnly pledging my self anew to the sacred cause,—I subscribe myself,
真诚而热切地希望这本小书可以为阐明美国奴隶制度做出一些贡献，并加速我数百万受束缚的弟兄们获得解放的快乐日子——忠实地依靠真理、爱和正义的力量，在我卑微的努力中取得成功——并郑重地再次宣誓自己致力于神圣的事业，——我订阅自己，
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
LYNN, _Mass., April_ 28, 1845.
林恩，马萨诸塞州，1845 年 4 月 28 日。
THE END
结局