Walden; and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience
WALDEN
瓦尔登湖
and
和
ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
论公民不服从的义务
by Henry David Thoreau
亨利·大卫·梭罗
Contents
内容
WALDEN
瓦尔登湖
Economy Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Reading Sounds Solitude Visitors The Bean-Field The Village The Ponds Baker Farm Higher Laws Brute Neighbors House-Warming Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors Winter Animals The Pond in Winter Spring Conclusion
我居住的地方和我为之读书的经济 听起来很孤独 游客 豆田 村庄 池塘 贝克农场 更高的法律 残酷的邻居 乔迁新居 前居民和冬季游客 冬季动物 冬季的池塘 春天 结论
ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
论公民不服从的义务
_"I do not propose to write an ode to dejection, but to brag as lustily as chanticleer in the morning, standing on his roost, if only to wake my neighbors up."_
_“我不打算写一首沮丧的颂歌，而是像清晨的雄鸡一样，站在他的栖息处，大力吹嘘，哪怕只是为了叫醒我的邻居。”_
WALDEN
瓦尔登湖
Economy
经济
When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands only.
当我写下接下来的几页，或者更确切地说是其中的大部分内容时，我独自住在马萨诸塞州康科德市瓦尔登湖畔我自己建造的一座房子里，住在树林里，距离任何邻居一英里，仅靠双手劳动谋生。
I lived there two years and two months.
我在那里住了两年零两个月。
At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again.
现在我又成为文明生活中的过客了。
I should not obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, which some would call impertinent, though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent.
如果我的镇民没有对我的生活方式进行非常具体的询问，我就不应该过多地打扰我的读者注意我的事情，有些人会说这是无礼的，尽管他们在我看来一点也不无礼，但考虑到当时的情况，这是非常自然和中肯的。
Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid; and the like.
有人问我吃什么；有人问我吃什么。如果我不感到孤独；如果我不害怕的话；等等。
Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained.
其他人很好奇我将收入的哪一部分用于慈善目的；还有一些有大家庭的人，我养育了多少贫困的孩子。
I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer some of these questions in this book.
因此，如果我承诺在本书中回答其中一些问题，请那些对我没有特别兴趣的读者原谅我。
In most books, the _I_, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference.
在大多数书籍中，_I_（即第一人称）被省略。在此，它将被保留；就利己主义而言，这是主要的区别。
We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking.
毕竟，我们通常不记得说话的总是第一个人。
I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew as well.
如果我也认识其他人，我就不应该过多谈论自己。
Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience.
不幸的是，由于我的经验有限，我仅限于这个主题。
Moreover, I, on my side, require of every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land to me.
此外，我个人要求每一位作家，首先或最后，对自己的生活进行简单而真诚的描述，而不仅仅是他所听到的其他人的生活；他会从遥远的地方寄给他的亲戚一些这样的帐目；因为如果他真诚地生活过，那对我来说一定是在遥远的地方。
Perhaps these pages are more particularly addressed to poor students.
也许这些页面更适合贫困学生。
As for the rest of my readers, they will accept such portions as apply to them.
至于我的其他读者，他们会接受适用于他们的部分。
I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may do good service to him whom it fits.
我相信没有人会在穿上这件外套时拉伸接缝，因为这对适合它的人来说可能会有好处。
I would fain say something, not so much concerning the Chinese and Sandwich Islanders as you who read these pages, who are said to live in New England; something about your condition, especially your outward condition or circumstances in this world, in this town, what it is, whether it is necessary that it be as bad as it is, whether it cannot be improved as well as not.
我很乐意说些什么，与其说是关于华人和三明治岛民，不如说是关于读到这些页面的你们，据说他们住在新英格兰；关于你的状况，特别是你在这个世界、这个城镇的外在状况或环境，它是什么，是否有必要像现在这样糟糕，是否无法改善或不改善。
I have travelled a good deal in Concord; and everywhere, in shops, and offices, and fields, the inhabitants have appeared to me to be doing penance in a thousand remarkable ways.
我在康科德旅行过很多次。在我看来，无论在商店、办公室还是田野里，居民们都在以一千种不同寻常的方式进行忏悔。
What I have heard of Brahmins sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness.
我听说婆罗门坐在四火面前，面朝太阳；或者头朝下悬挂在火焰上；或者看着肩膀上方的天空，“直到他们无法恢复其自然位置，而从脖子的扭转中，除了液体之外，没有任何东西可以进入胃中”；或被终生拴在树下的住所；或者像毛毛虫一样用身体测量广阔帝国的宽度；或者单腿站在柱子顶上——即使是这些有意识的忏悔形式也并不比我每天目睹的场景更令人难以置信和令人惊讶。
The twelve labors of Hercules were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; for they were only twelve, and had an end; but I could never see that these men slew or captured any monster or finished any labor.
与我的邻居所做的相比，赫拉克勒斯的十二项工作是微不足道的。因为他们才十二岁，就已经结束了；但我从来没有看到这些人杀死或捕获任何怪物或完成任何劳动。
They have no friend Iolas to burn with a hot iron the root of the hydra’s head, but as soon as one head is crushed, two spring up.
他们没有朋友艾欧拉斯可以用热熨斗烧九头蛇头的根部，但只要一个头被压碎，两个头就会冒出来。
I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are more easily acquired than got rid of.
我看到年轻人，我的城镇居民，他们的不幸在于继承了农场、房屋、谷仓、牛和农具；因为获得这些比摆脱它们更容易。
Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in.
如果他们出生在开阔的牧场并由狼哺乳，那就更好了，这样他们就可以更清楚地看到他们被召唤到哪个领域去劳动。
Who made them serfs of the soil?
谁让他们成为土地的奴隶呢？
Why should they eat their sixty acres, when man is condemned to eat only his peck of dirt?
当人类注定只能吃自己的一小块泥土时，为什么他们要吃掉六十英亩的土地呢？
Why should they begin digging their graves as soon as they are born?
为什么他们一出生就要开始挖坟墓呢？
They have got to live a man’s life, pushing all these things before them, and get on as well as they can.
她们必须过上男人的生活，把所有这些事情都推到自己面前，并尽可能地过得更好。
How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by forty, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot!
我遇到了多少可怜的不朽的灵魂，在它的重担下几乎被压垮和窒息，在生命的道路上爬行，在它面前推着一座七十五英尺乘四十英尺的谷仓，它的奥吉亚马厩从未被清理过，还有一百英亩的土地，耕种，割草，牧场和林地！
The portionless, who struggle with no such unnecessary inherited encumbrances, find it labor enough to subdue and cultivate a few cubic feet of flesh.
那些没有份额的人，没有为这种不必要的继承负担而奋斗，他们发现征服和培养几立方英尺的肉体已经足够辛苦了。
But men labor under a mistake.
但人们却犯了一个错误。
The better part of the man is soon plowed into the soil for compost.
人的大部分很快就被犁入土壤中作为堆肥。
By a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal.
正如一本旧书中所言，由于表面上的命运，通常称为必然性，他们被雇用来积攒财宝，这些财宝会被虫子和铁锈腐蚀，小偷会破门而入并偷走。
It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before.
这是愚蠢的生活，当他们走到尽头时，即使不是之前，他们也会发现这一点。
It is said that Deucalion and Pyrrha created men by throwing stones over their heads behind them:—
据说丢卡利翁和皮拉通过向他们身后的头顶扔石头创造了人类：——
Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum, Et documenta damus quâ simus origine nati.
Inde genus durum sumus，experiensque labourum，Et documenta damus qua simus origine nati。
Or, as Raleigh rhymes it in his sonorous way,—
或者，正如罗利以他铿锵有力的方式押韵的那样——
“From thence our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and care, Approving that our bodies of a stony nature are.”
“从那时起，我们善良的铁石心肠，忍受痛苦和关怀，承认我们的身体是石头性质的。”
So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell.
盲目服从一个错误的神谕，把石头扔到他们身后的头上，却看不到它们落到哪里，就到此为止了。
Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them.
大多数人，即使在这个相对自由的国家，仅仅由于无知和错误，就被生活中人为的忧虑和多余的粗劳所占据，以致于他们无法采摘生活中更美好的果实。
Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that.
由于过度劳累，他们的手指变得太笨拙，而且颤抖得厉害，无法做到这一点。
Actually, the laboring man has not leisure for a true integrity day by day; he cannot afford to sustain the manliest relations to men; his labor would be depreciated in the market.
事实上，劳动者日益没有时间去追求真正的正直。他无法与男人保持最男子气概的关系；他的劳动力将在市场上贬值。
He has no time to be anything but a machine.
他没有时间做任何事，除了成为一台机器。
How can he remember well his ignorance—which his growth requires—who has so often to use his knowledge?
他如何能清楚地记得自己的无知——这是他的成长所必需的——而他却经常使用自己的知识？
We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him.
有时我们应该免费地为他提供食物和衣服，并在我们评判他之前用我们的甜酒招募他。
The finest qualities of our nature, like the bloom on fruits, can be preserved only by the most delicate handling.
我们本性中最优秀的品质，就像水果上的花朵一样，只有通过最精致的处理才能保存下来。
Yet we do not treat ourselves nor one another thus tenderly.
然而我们并没有如此温柔地对待自己或彼此。
Some of you, we all know, are poor, find it hard to live, are sometimes, as it were, gasping for breath.
我们都知道，你们中的一些人很穷，生活困难，有时甚至可以说是喘不过气来。
I have no doubt that some of you who read this book are unable to pay for all the dinners which you have actually eaten, or for the coats and shoes which are fast wearing or are already worn out, and have come to this page to spend borrowed or stolen time, robbing your creditors of an hour.
我毫不怀疑，读过这本书的你们中有些人无力支付自己实际吃过的所有晚餐，或者支付快穿或已经磨损的外套和鞋子，而来到这一页来度过借来或偷来的时间，抢走了债权人的一个小时。
It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives many of you live, for my sight has been whetted by experience; always on the limits, trying to get into business and trying to get out of debt, a very ancient slough, called by the Latins _æs alienum_, another’s brass, for some of their coins were made of brass; still living, and dying, and buried by this other’s brass; always promising to pay, promising to pay, tomorrow, and dying today, insolvent; seeking to curry favor, to get custom, by how many modes, only not state-prison offences; lying, flattering, voting, contracting yourselves into a nutshell of civility or dilating into an atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity, that you may persuade your neighbor to let you make his shoes, or his hat, or his coat, or his carriage, or import his groceries for him; making yourselves sick, that you may lay up something against a sick day, something to be tucked away in an old chest, or in a stocking behind the plastering, or, more safely, in the brick bank; no matter where, no matter how much or how little.
很明显，你们中的许多人过着多么卑鄙和偷偷摸摸的生活，因为我的视力因经验而变得敏锐。总是处于极限，试图进入商业领域并摆脱债务，这是一个非常古老的泥沼，被拉丁人称为_æs Alinum_，即别人的黄铜，因为他们的一些硬币是由黄铜制成的；仍然活着，死去，被另一个人的黄铜埋葬；总是承诺还款，承诺明天还款，今天就死了，资不抵债；为了讨好，为了讨好，用了多少种方式，唯独不犯国家监狱罪；撒谎、奉承、投票、把自己压缩成简而言之的礼貌，或者扩张成一种薄弱而空洞的慷慨，这样你就可以说服你的邻居让你为他做鞋子、帽子、外套、马车，或者为他进口杂货；让自己生病，这样你就可以在生病的时候储存一些东西，一些东西可以藏在一个旧箱子里，或者在抹灰后面的袜子里，或者，更安全的是，在砖库里；无论在哪里，无论多少。
I sometimes wonder that we can be so frivolous, I may almost say, as to attend to the gross but somewhat foreign form of servitude called Negro Slavery, there are so many keen and subtle masters that enslave both north and south.
我有时想知道，我们可以如此轻率，我几乎可以说，去关注被称为黑人奴隶制的粗暴但有些外国形式的奴役，有这么多敏锐而狡猾的主人奴役北方和南方。
It is hard to have a southern overseer; it is worse to have a northern one; but worst of all when you are the slave-driver of yourself.
南方监工不易；北方的就更糟糕了；但最糟糕的是，当你成为自己的奴隶主时。
Talk of a divinity in man!
谈论人的神性！
Look at the teamster on the highway, wending to market by day or night; does any divinity stir within him?
看看高速公路上的卡车司机，白天或晚上都去市场；他内心有什么神性在搅动吗？
His highest duty to fodder and water his horses!
他的最高职责是给他的马喂饲料和喝水！
What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests?
与航运利益相比，他的命运是什么？
Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir?
他不是为 Squire Make-ast 开车吗？
How godlike, how immortal, is he?
他是何等的神，何等的不朽？
See how he cowers and sneaks, how vaguely all the day he fears, not being immortal nor divine, but the slave and prisoner of his own opinion of himself, a fame won by his own deeds.
看看他如何畏缩和偷偷摸摸，他整天模糊地担心，不是不朽或神圣，而是他自己的观点的奴隶和囚徒，他自己的行为赢得了名声。
Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own private opinion.
与我们自己的私人意见相比，公众舆论是一个软弱的暴君。
What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines, or rather indicates, his fate.
一个人对自己的看法决定了，或者更确切地说，表明了他的命运。
Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination,—what Wilberforce is there to bring that about?
即使在西印度省份充满幻想和想象力的地方也能实现自我解放——威尔伯福斯有什么能力来实现这一点呢？
Think, also, of the ladies of the land weaving toilet cushions against the last day, not to betray too green an interest in their fates!
还想一想陆地上的女士们在最后一天编织马桶坐垫，不要背叛对自己命运的过于绿色的兴趣！
As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.
仿佛你可以消磨时间而不伤害永恒。
The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.
大多数人都过着平静的绝望生活。
What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.
所谓的放弃，就是确认的绝望。
From the desperate city you go into the desperate country, and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats.
从绝望的城市进入绝望的乡村，你必须用水貂和麝香鼠的勇敢来安慰自己。
A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind.
即使在人类所谓的游戏和娱乐之下，也隐藏着一种刻板的、无意识的绝望。
There is no play in them, for this comes after work.
他们没有玩耍，因为这是下班后的事。
But it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.
但不做孤注一掷的事情，是智慧的一个特点。
When we consider what, to use the words of the catechism, is the chief end of man, and what are the true necessaries and means of life, it appears as if men had deliberately chosen the common mode of living because they preferred it to any other.
用教理问答的话说，当我们考虑什么是人类的主要目的，什么是真正的生活必需品和手段时，人们似乎故意选择了共同的生活方式，因为他们比任何其他生活方式都更喜欢它。
Yet they honestly think there is no choice left.
但他们确实认为别无选择。
But alert and healthy natures remember that the sun rose clear.
但机敏而健康的人记得太阳升起时晴朗。
It is never too late to give up our prejudices.
放弃我们的偏见永远不会太晚。
No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof.
任何思维或行为方式，无论多么古老，都不能在没有证据的情况下被信任。
What everybody echoes or in silence passes by as true to-day may turn out to be falsehood to-morrow, mere smoke of opinion, which some had trusted for a cloud that would sprinkle fertilizing rain on their fields.
今天每个人都附和或默默地认为是正确的东西，明天可能会变成谎言，仅仅是意见的烟雾，有些人相信它是一朵云，可以给他们的田地洒下肥沃的雨水。
What old people say you cannot do you try and find that you can.
老人说你做不到的事，你尝试一下就会发现你可以。
Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new.
旧人有旧事，新人有新事。
Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is.
以前，老人可能不知道如何去获取新鲜的燃料来维持火势。新人把一点干木头放在锅里，然后以鸟儿的速度绕地球旋转，以杀死老人，就像这句话所说的那样。
Age is no better, hardly so well, qualified for an instructor as youth, for it has not profited so much as it has lost.
年龄并不比年轻人更好，也不太适合担任教师，因为它所得到的好处并不多，所失去的也多。
One may almost doubt if the wisest man has learned any thing of absolute value by living.
人们几乎会怀疑最聪明的人是否通过生活学到了任何绝对有价值的东西。
Practically, the old have no very important advice to give the young, their own experience has been so partial, and their lives have been such miserable failures, for private reasons, as they must believe; and it may be that they have some faith left which belies that experience, and they are only less young than they were.
实际上，老年人没有什么非常重要的建议可以给年轻人，他们自己的经历是如此片面，他们的生活是如此悲惨的失败，出于私人原因，他们必须相信；也许他们还剩下一些信仰，与他们的经历不符，而且他们只是比以前年轻了一些。
I have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear the first syllable of valuable or even earnest advice from my seniors.
我在这个星球上生活了大约三十年，但我还没有听到我的前辈提出宝贵甚至真诚的建议。
They have told me nothing, and probably cannot tell me any thing to the purpose.
他们什么也没告诉我，而且可能也无法告诉我任何有目的的事情。
Here is life, an experiment to a great extent untried by me; but it does not avail me that they have tried it.
这就是生活，在很大程度上是一种我未曾尝试过的实验；但他们尝试过对我来说并没有什么帮助。
If I have any experience which I think valuable, I am sure to reflect that this my Mentors said nothing about.
如果我有任何我认为有价值的经验，我一定会反映出我的导师对此只字未提。
One farmer says to me, “You cannot live on vegetable food solely, for it furnishes nothing to make bones with;” and so he religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with the raw material of bones; walking all the while he talks behind his oxen, which, with vegetable-made bones, jerk him and his lumbering plough along in spite of every obstacle.
一位农民对我说：“你不能只靠植物性食物生活，因为它不能提供任何骨头；”因此，他虔诚地投入一天的一部分时间来为他的身体系统提供骨头原材料。他一边走，一边跟在他的牛后面说话，尽管有各种障碍，牛用蔬菜制成的骨头猛拉着他和他笨重的犁前进。
Some things are really necessaries of life in some circles, the most helpless and diseased, which in others are luxuries merely, and in others still are entirely unknown.
有些东西在某些最无助、最病态的圈子里确实是生活必需品，而在另一些圈子里则仅仅是奢侈品，而在另一些圈子里则完全不为人知。
The whole ground of human life seems to some to have been gone over by their predecessors, both the heights and the valleys, and all things to have been cared for.
对一些人来说，人类生活的整个领域似乎都被他们的前辈走过了，无论是高处还是低谷，一切都被照顾过。
According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor.” Hippocrates has even left directions how we should cut our nails; that is, even with the ends of the fingers, neither shorter nor longer.
根据伊芙琳的说法，“明智的所罗门为树木的距离制定了法令；而罗马执政官则决定了你可以多久进入邻居的土地收集落在其上的橡子而不侵犯，以及多少份额属于邻居。”希波克拉底甚至留下了我们应该如何剪指甲的指导。也就是说，即使手指末端也不短也不长。
Undoubtedly the very tedium and ennui which presume to have exhausted the variety and the joys of life are as old as Adam.
毫无疑问，单调乏味和倦怠自亚当以来就已经耗尽了生活的多样性和乐趣。
But man’s capacities have never been measured; nor are we to judge of what he can do by any precedents, so little has been tried.
但人的能力从未被测量过；我们也无法通过任何先例来判断他能做什么，因为他的尝试还很少。
Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?”
无论你迄今为止遭遇过什么失败，“不要痛苦，我的孩子，谁能把你未完成的事情指派给你呢？”
We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests; as, for instance, that the same sun which ripens my beans illumines at once a system of earths like ours.
我们可以通过一千个简单的测试来检验我们的生活；例如，使我的豆子成熟的同一颗太阳同时照亮了像我们这样的地球系统。
If I had remembered this it would have prevented some mistakes.
如果我记住这一点，就可以避免一些错误。
This was not the light in which I hoed them.
这不是我锄地的光线。
The stars are the apexes of what wonderful triangles!
星星是多么美妙的三角形的顶点啊！
What distant and different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating the same one at the same moment!
宇宙各个府邸中相距甚远、不同的众生在同一时刻都在沉思同一件事！
Nature and human life are as various as our several constitutions.
自然和人类生活就像我们的多种宪法一样多种多样。
Who shall say what prospect life offers to another?
谁能告诉别人生活的前景如何？
Could a greater miracle take place than for us to look through each other’s eyes for an instant?
还有比我们互相对视一瞬间更伟大的奇迹吗？
We should live in all the ages of the world in an hour; ay, in all the worlds of the ages.
我们应该在一小时内活遍世界各个年龄段；哎，在各个时代的世界里。
History, Poetry, Mythology!—I know of no reading of another’s experience so startling and informing as this would be.
历史、诗歌、神话！——据我所知，没有人读过别人的经历会像这本书那样令人震惊、信息丰富。
The greater part of what my neighbors call good I believe in my soul to be bad, and if I repent of anything, it is very likely to be my good behavior.
我的邻居所说的大部分善事，我相信我的灵魂都是恶的，如果我后悔任何事情，那很可能是我的好行为。
What demon possessed me that I behaved so well?
是什么鬼附身了，让我表现得这么好？
You may say the wisest thing you can, old man,—you who have lived seventy years, not without honor of a kind,—I hear an irresistible voice which invites me away from all that.
你可以说你能说的最明智的话，老人——你已经活了七十岁了，不无荣誉——我听到一个不可抗拒的声音邀请我远离这一切。
One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels.
一代人抛弃了另一代人的企业，就像搁浅的船只一样。
I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do.
我认为我们可以放心地比我们实际做的更信任我们。
We may waive just so much care of ourselves as we honestly bestow elsewhere.
我们可能会放弃对自己的关心，就像我们诚实地给予其他地方一样。
Nature is as well adapted to our weakness as to our strength.
大自然既适应我们的弱点，也适应我们的力量。
The incessant anxiety and strain of some is a well nigh incurable form of disease.
有些人持续的焦虑和紧张几乎是一种无法治愈的疾病。
We are made to exaggerate the importance of what work we do; and yet how much is not done by us!
我们生来就夸大我们所做工作的重要性；然而还有多少是我们没有做到的！
or, what if we had been taken sick?
或者，如果我们生病了怎么办？
How vigilant we are!
我们多么警惕啊！
determined not to live by faith if we can avoid it; all the day long on the alert, at night we unwillingly say our prayers and commit ourselves to uncertainties.
如果可以避免的话，决心不凭信心生活；整天保持警惕，晚上我们不情愿地祈祷，让自己陷入不确定的境地。
So thoroughly and sincerely are we compelled to live, reverencing our life, and denying the possibility of change.
我们被迫如此彻底和真诚地生活，尊重我们的生命，并否认改变的可能性。
This is the only way, we say; but there are as many ways as there can be drawn radii from one centre.
我们说，这是唯一的方法；但从一个中心绘制半径的方法有多种。
All change is a miracle to contemplate; but it is a miracle which is taking place every instant.
所有的改变都是一个值得深思的奇迹；但这是每时每刻都在发生的奇迹。
Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis.
孔子说：“知之为知之，不知为不知，是真知。”当一个人将想象中的事实简化为他所理解的事实时，我预见所有人最终都会在此基础上建立自己的生活。
Let us consider for a moment what most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful.
让我们想一下我所提到的大多数麻烦和焦虑是关于什么的，以及我们有多么需要感到麻烦，或者至少是小心。
It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or even to look over the old day-books of the merchants, to see what it was that men most commonly bought at the stores, what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries.
即使处于外在文明之中，过一种原始的、边疆的生活也会有一些好处，只要了解什么是生活的基本必需品以及采取什么方法来获得它们；或者甚至查看商人的旧日记，看看人们最常在商店购买什么，他们储存什么，也就是说，什么是最粗糙的杂货。
For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s existence; as our skeletons, probably, are not to be distinguished from those of our ancestors.
因为时代的进步对人类生存的基本规律影响甚微。因为我们的骨骼可能与我们祖先的骨骼没有区别。
By the words, _necessary of life_, I mean whatever, of all that man obtains by his own exertions, has been from the first, or from long use has become, so important to human life that few, if any, whether from savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it.
我所说的“生活必需品”，是指人类通过自己的努力所获得的一切，从一开始，或者经过长期的使用，对人类生活来说就变得如此重要，以至于很少有人（如果有的话），无论是出于野蛮、贫穷还是哲学，试图放弃它。
To many creatures there is in this sense but one necessary of life, Food.
从这个意义上说，对于许多生物来说，只有一种生命必需品，那就是食物。
To the bison of the prairie it is a few inches of palatable grass, with water to drink; unless he seeks the Shelter of the forest or the mountain’s shadow.
对于草原野牛来说，它是几英寸的可口草，有水可以喝；除非他寻求森林或山影的庇护。
None of the brute creation requires more than Food and Shelter.
任何野蛮的创造物都需要食物和住所。
The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success.
在这种气候下，人类的生活必需品可以准确地分配在食物、住所、衣服和燃料等几个类别下；因为只有在我们获得了这些之后，我们才准备好以自由和成功的前景来解决生活中的真正问题。
Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it.
人类不仅发明了房屋，还发明了衣服和熟食；可能是由于偶然发现了火的温暖，以及随后使用它，起初是一种奢侈，现在却需要坐在它旁边。
We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature.
我们观察到猫和狗具有相同的第二天性。
By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?
通过适当的住所和衣服，我们可以合法地保留自己的内部热量；但是，如果这些物质或燃料过多，也就是说，外部热量大于我们内部的热量，难道不能正确地说烹饪就开始了吗？
Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, “to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting.” So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes.
博物学家达尔文在谈到火地岛的居民时说，虽然他自己的队伍衣着光鲜，坐在火边，感觉还不算太热，但令他大吃一惊的是，这些距离较远的赤身裸体的野蛮人“在接受这样的烘烤时大汗淋漓”。因此，我们得知，新荷兰人赤身裸体而不受惩罚，而欧洲人却穿着衣服瑟瑟发抖。
Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man?
难道不可能将这些野蛮人的顽强与文明人的智慧结合起来吗？
According to Liebig, man’s body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.
根据李比希的说法，人的身体是一个火炉，食物是维持肺部内燃的燃料。
In cold weather we eat more, in warm less.
天冷的时候我们吃的多，天热的时候吃的少。
The animal heat is the result of a slow combustion, and disease and death take place when this is too rapid; or for want of fuel, or from some defect in the draught, the fire goes out.
动物的热量是缓慢燃烧的结果，如果燃烧太快，就会发生疾病和死亡。或者由于缺乏燃料，或者由于通风不良，火会熄灭。
Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy.
当然，生命热不能与火混为一谈。但类比就这么多了。
It appears, therefore, from the above list, that the expression, _animal life_, is nearly synonymous with the expression, _animal heat_; for while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the _heat_ thus generated and absorbed.
因此，从上面的列表中可以看出，“动物生命”一词几乎与“动物热量”同义；因为虽然食物可以被视为维持我们体内火焰的燃料，而燃料仅用于准备食物或通过从外部添加来增加我们身体的温暖，但住所和衣服也仅用于保留由此产生和吸收的热量。
The grand necessity, then, for our bodies, is to keep warm, to keep the vital heat in us.
那么，对于我们的身体来说，最重要的就是保暖，保持体内重要的热量。
What pains we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but with our beds, which are our night-clothes, robbing the nests and breasts of birds to prepare this shelter within a shelter, as the mole has its bed of grass and leaves at the end of its burrow!
因此，我们付出了多大的努力，不仅在我们的食物、衣服和住所方面，而且在我们的床，即我们的睡衣上，抢夺了鸟的巢和胸脯，以在庇护所中准备这个庇护所，就像鼹鼠在其洞穴的尽头有它的草床和树叶一样！
The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails.
穷人习惯于抱怨这是一个寒冷的世界；说到寒冷，身体上的寒冷和社交上的寒冷一样，我们直接指的是我们大部分的疾病。
The summer, in some climates, makes possible to man a sort of Elysian life.
在某些气候条件下，夏季可以让人们过上极乐世界的生活。
Fuel, except to cook his Food, is then unnecessary; the sun is his fire, and many of the fruits are sufficiently cooked by its rays; while Food generally is more various, and more easily obtained, and Clothing and Shelter are wholly or half unnecessary.
除了烹饪食物外，燃料是不必要的；太阳是他的火，许多水果都被它的光线充分煮熟了。而食物一般来说更加多样化，也更容易获得，而衣服和住所则完全或半是不必要的。
At the present day, and in this country, as I find by my own experience, a few implements, a knife, an axe, a spade, a wheelbarrow, &c., and for the studious, lamplight, stationery, and access to a few books, rank next to necessaries, and can all be obtained at a trifling cost.
现在，在这个国家，据我自己的经验，一些工具，一把刀，一把斧头，一把铁锹，一辆独轮车等等，对于好学的人来说，灯光，文具，几本书籍，都是仅次于必需品的，而且都可以用微不足道的费用获得。
Yet some, not wise, go to the other side of the globe, to barbarous and unhealthy regions, and devote themselves to trade for ten or twenty years, in order that they may live,—that is, keep comfortably warm,—and die in New England at last.
然而，有些人并不明智，他们去了地球的另一边，到了野蛮和不健康的地区，致力于十年或二十年的贸易，以便他们可以生活——也就是说，保持舒适的温暖——并最终死在新英格兰。
The luxuriously rich are not simply kept comfortably warm, but unnaturally hot; as I implied before, they are cooked, of course _à la mode_.
奢侈的富人不仅要保持舒适的温暖，而且还要感到不自然的炎热。正如我之前暗示的，它们当然是煮熟的_à la mode_。
Most of the luxuries, and many of the so called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind.
大多数奢侈品，以及许多所谓的生活舒适，不仅不是不可或缺的，而且对人类的提升构成了积极的障碍。
With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre life than the poor.
在奢华和舒适方面，最聪明的人比穷人过着更加简单和贫穷的生活。
The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward.
古代哲学家，无论是中国人、印度人、波斯人还是希腊人，都是一个在外在财富上最贫穷的人，但在内在财富上却没有人比他们更富有。
We know not much about them.
我们对他们了解不多。
It is remarkable that _we_ know so much of them as we do.
值得注意的是，我们对他们的了解如此之多。
The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race.
对于更现代的改革者和他们种族的捐助者来说也是如此。
None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty.
如果没有从我们所谓的自愿贫困的有利角度出发，没有人能够成为人类生活的公正或明智的观察者。
Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art.
奢华生活的果实就是奢华，无论是农业、商业、文学还是艺术。
There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers.
现在有哲学教授，但没有哲学家。
Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live.
然而，自称是令人钦佩的，因为生活曾经是令人钦佩的。
To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust.
成为一名哲学家，不仅要有精妙的思想，甚至不能创办一所学派，而要热爱智慧，按照智慧的指示生活，过一种简单、独立、宽宏和信任的生活。
It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically.
它是为了解决生活中的一些问题，不仅是理论上的，而且是实践上的。
The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly.
伟大的学者和思想家的成功通常是朝臣般的成功，而不是王者风范，不是男子气概。
They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men.
他们实际上就像他们的父辈那样，仅仅依靠顺从而生活，而且绝不是更高贵的人类种族的祖先。
But why do men degenerate ever?
但为什么男人总是会堕落呢？
What makes families run out?
是什么让家庭耗尽？
What is the nature of the luxury which enervates and destroys nations?
削弱和毁灭国家的奢侈的本质是什么？
Are we sure that there is none of it in our own lives?
我们确定我们自己的生活中没有这样的事吗？
The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life.
哲学家甚至在他生活的外在形式上也领先于他的时代。
He is not fed, sheltered, clothed, warmed, like his contemporaries.
他不像他的同代人那样吃、住、穿、暖。
How can a man be a philosopher and not maintain his vital heat by better methods than other men?
一个人怎么可能成为一个哲学家而不用比其他人更好的方法来维持他的生命热量呢？
When a man is warmed by the several modes which I have described, what does he want next?
当一个人被我所描述的几种模式所温暖时，他接下来想要什么？
Surely not more warmth of the same kind, as more and richer food, larger and more splendid houses, finer and more abundant clothing, more numerous incessant and hotter fires, and the like.
当然，同类的温暖并不是更多、更丰富的食物、更大、更华丽的房屋、更精美、更丰富的衣服、更多、更不间断、更热的火等等。
When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, to adventure on life now, his vacation from humbler toil having commenced.
当他获得了生活必需的东西时，除了获得多余的东西之外，还有另一种选择。也就是说，现在他已经开始摆脱卑微的劳作，开始冒险生活了。
The soil, it appears, is suited to the seed, for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence.
看来，土壤适合种子，因为它已经将其胚根向下，现在它也可以自信地向上发送它的芽。
Why has man rooted himself thus firmly in the earth, but that he may rise in the same proportion into the heavens above?—for the nobler plants are valued for the fruit they bear at last in the air and light, far from the ground, and are not treated like the humbler esculents, which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season.
为什么人类如此牢固地扎根于大地，却能以同样的比例升入天上呢？因为高贵的植物因其最终在远离地面的空气和阳光中结出的果实而受到重视，而不像低等的营养植物那样受到对待，后者虽然可能是二年生植物，但只栽培到根部完善为止，并且经常为此目的从顶部被砍掉，因此大多数人在开花季节不会认识它们。
I do not mean to prescribe rules to strong and valiant natures, who will mind their own affairs whether in heaven or hell, and perchance build more magnificently and spend more lavishly than the richest, without ever impoverishing themselves, not knowing how they live,—if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those who find their encouragement and inspiration in precisely the present condition of things, and cherish it with the fondness and enthusiasm of lovers,—and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak to those who are well employed, in whatever circumstances, and they know whether they are well employed or not;—but mainly to the mass of men who are discontented, and idly complaining of the hardness of their lot or of the times, when they might improve them.
我并不是想给坚强勇敢的人制定规则，他们会关心自己的事务，无论是在天堂还是地狱，也许比最富有的人建造得更宏伟，花钱更奢侈，却永远不会让自己陷入贫困，不知道自己如何生活——如果确实有这样的人，正如人们所梦想的那样；也不适合那些在现状中找到鼓励和灵感，并以恋人的喜爱和热情来珍惜它的人——在某种程度上，我认为自己属于这一数字；我不是对那些在任何情况下都工作良好的人说话，他们知道自己是否工作良好；而是主要对那些不满的人说话，他们漫不经心地抱怨自己的命运或时代的艰难，而实际上他们可以改善它们。
There are some who complain most energetically and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty.
有些人抱怨得最激烈，也最无法安慰，因为正如他们所说，他们正在履行自己的职责。
I also have in my mind that seemingly wealthy, but most terribly impoverished class of all, who have accumulated dross, but know not how to use it, or get rid of it, and thus have forged their own golden or silver fetters.
我心里也有一个看似富有，实则极其贫困的阶层，他们积累了糟粕，却不知如何利用、如何摆脱，从而铸就了自己的金银枷锁。
If I should attempt to tell how I have desired to spend my life in years past, it would probably surprise those of my readers who are somewhat acquainted with its actual history; it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it.
如果我试图讲述过去几年我希望如何度过自己的一生，那么可能会让那些稍微熟悉其真实历史的读者感到惊讶；这肯定会让那些对此一无所知的人感到惊讶。
I will only hint at some of the enterprises which I have cherished.
我只简单介绍一下我所珍视的一些企业。
In any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present moment; to toe that line.
无论天气如何，无论白天还是夜晚，我都渴望改善时间，并把它记在我的手杖上；站在过去和未来两个永恒的交汇处，而这正是当下；遵守这条线。
You will pardon some obscurities, for there are more secrets in my trade than in most men’s, and yet not voluntarily kept, but inseparable from its very nature.
请原谅一些晦涩难懂的地方，因为我的行业比大多数人的行业有更多的秘密，但不是自愿保守的，而是与其本质密不可分的。
I would gladly tell all that I know about it, and never paint “No Admittance” on my gate.
我很乐意告诉大家我所知道的一切，并且永远不会在我的大门上画“禁止入内”。
I long ago lost a hound, a bay horse, and a turtle-dove, and am still on their trail.
我很久以前就失去了一只猎犬、一匹枣红马和一只斑鸠，现在仍在追寻它们的踪迹。
Many are the travellers I have spoken concerning them, describing their tracks and what calls they answered to.
我曾与许多旅行者谈过他们的事，描述了他们的踪迹以及他们回应的呼唤。
I have met one or two who had heard the hound, and the tramp of the horse, and even seen the dove disappear behind a cloud, and they seemed as anxious to recover them as if they had lost them themselves.
我遇到过一两个人，他们听到了猎犬的声音和马蹄声，甚至看到鸽子消失在云层后面，他们似乎急于找回它们，就像他们自己丢失了它们一样。
To anticipate, not the sunrise and the dawn merely, but, if possible, Nature herself!
不仅仅要预见日出和黎明，如果可能的话，还要预见大自然本身！
How many mornings, summer and winter, before yet any neighbor was stirring about his business, have I been about mine!
多少个早晨，无论夏天还是冬天，在邻居们开始忙他的事之前，我已经开始忙我的事了！
No doubt, many of my townsmen have met me returning from this enterprise, farmers starting for Boston in the twilight, or woodchoppers going to their work.
毫无疑问，我的许多同胞都见过我从这个企业回来，在暮色中出发前往波士顿的农民，或者去工作的伐木工。
It is true, I never assisted the sun materially in his rising, but, doubt not, it was of the last importance only to be present at it.
确实，我从未在太阳升起的过程中为太阳提供过物质上的帮助，但是，毫无疑问，只有在太阳升起时在场才是最重要的。
So many autumn, ay, and winter days, spent outside the town, trying to hear what was in the wind, to hear and carry it express!
这么多个秋天，哎呀，还有冬天，我在城外度过了很多个冬天，试图听到风中的声音，听到并表达它！
I well-nigh sunk all my capital in it, and lost my own breath into the bargain, running in the face of it.
我几乎把所有的资本都投入其中，并在这笔交易中失去了呼吸，面对它。
If it had concerned either of the political parties, depend upon it, it would have appeared in the Gazette with the earliest intelligence.
如果它涉及任何一个政党，相信它，它就会以最早的情报出现在公报上。
At other times watching from the observatory of some cliff or tree, to telegraph any new arrival; or waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun.
其他时候，我们会从悬崖或树上的观景台进行观察，以通报是否有新的到来。或者晚上在山顶等待天空落下，这样我就可以抓到一些东西，尽管我抓到的东西不多，而且，就甘露而言，它会在阳光下再次溶解。
For a long time I was reporter to a journal, of no very wide circulation, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, and, as is too common with writers, I got only my labor for my pains.
很长一段时间里，我是一家发行量不大的期刊的记者，该期刊的编辑从未认为适合印刷我的大部分稿件，而且，正如作家中常见的那样，我只得到了我的劳动成果。
However, in this case my pains were their own reward.
然而，在这种情况下，我的痛苦是他们自己的回报。
For many years I was self-appointed inspector of snow storms and rain storms, and did my duty faithfully; surveyor, if not of highways, then of forest paths and all across-lot routes, keeping them open, and ravines bridged and passable at all seasons, where the public heel had testified to their utility.
多年来，我自封为暴雪、暴雨巡查员，忠实履行职责；测量员，如果不是高速公路，那么是森林小路和所有跨地块路线的测量员，保持它们开放，并且在所有季节都架起桥梁和通行的峡谷，公众的脚后跟已经证明了它们的效用。
I have looked after the wild stock of the town, which give a faithful herdsman a good deal of trouble by leaping fences; and I have had an eye to the unfrequented nooks and corners of the farm; though I did not always know whether Jonas or Solomon worked in a particular field to-day; that was none of my business.
我照顾过镇上的野生动物，它们给忠实的牧民带来很多麻烦，因为它们会跳过栅栏。我也留意过农场里那些不常见的角落。尽管我并不总是知道乔纳斯或所罗门今天是否在某个特定领域工作；那不关我的事。
I have watered the red huckleberry, the sand cherry and the nettle tree, the red pine and the black ash, the white grape and the yellow violet, which might have withered else in dry seasons.
我给红越橘、沙樱桃和荨麻树、红松和黑梣树、白葡萄和黄紫罗兰浇过水，否则它们在旱季可能会枯萎。
In short, I went on thus for a long time, I may say it without boasting, faithfully minding my business, till it became more and more evident that my townsmen would not after all admit me into the list of town officers, nor make my place a sinecure with a moderate allowance.
总之，我这样说了很长一段时间，我可以毫不吹嘘地说，忠实地专注于我的事情，直到越来越明显，我的镇民最终不会接纳我进入镇官员名单，也不会让我成为一个有适度津贴的闲职。
My accounts, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, never got audited, still less accepted, still less paid and settled.
我的账目，我可以发誓忠实地保存着，事实上，我从来没有被审计过，更不用说被接受，更不用说支付和结算了。
However, I have not set my heart on that.
不过，我还没有下定决心。
Not long since, a strolling Indian went to sell baskets at the house of a well-known lawyer in my neighborhood.
不久前，一个漫步的印度人到我家附近的一位知名律师家去卖篮子。
“Do you wish to buy any baskets?” he asked.
“你想买篮子吗？”他问道。
“No, we do not want any,” was the reply.
“不，我们不想要任何东西，”他的回答是。
“What!” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” Having seen his industrious white neighbors so well off,—that the lawyer had only to weave arguments, and by some magic, wealth and standing followed, he had said to himself; I will go into business; I will weave baskets; it is a thing which I can do.
“什么！”走出大门时，印第安人喊道：“你是想饿死我们吗？”看到他勤劳的白人邻居如此富裕，律师只需要编织论据，通过某种魔法，财富和地位就随之而来，他对自己说；我要从商；我会编篮子；这是我能做的事情。
Thinking that when he had made the baskets he would have done his part, and then it would be the white man’s to buy them.
认为当他制作了篮子时，他就完成了自己的职责，然后白人就可以购买它们了。
He had not discovered that it was necessary for him to make it worth the other’s while to buy them, or at least make him think that it was so, or to make something else which it would be worth his while to buy.
他没有发现，他有必要让别人值得花时间去购买它们，或者至少让他认为是这样，或者做一些其他值得他花时间去购买的东西。
I too had woven a kind of basket of a delicate texture, but I had not made it worth any one’s while to buy them.
我也编织了一种质地精致的篮子，但我没有让它值得任何人花时间去购买。
Yet not the less, in my case, did I think it worth my while to weave them, and instead of studying how to make it worth men’s while to buy my baskets, I studied rather how to avoid the necessity of selling them.
然而，就我而言，我认为编织它们是值得的，我没有研究如何让人们值得购买我的篮子，而是研究如何避免出售它们的必要性。
The life which men praise and regard as successful is but one kind.
人们所称赞和认为成功的生活只是一种。
Why should we exaggerate any one kind at the expense of the others?
为什么我们要夸大任何一种而牺牲其他呢？
Finding that my fellow-citizens were not likely to offer me any room in the court house, or any curacy or living any where else, but I must shift for myself, I turned my face more exclusively than ever to the woods, where I was better known.
发现我的同胞们不太可能在法院大楼里为我提供任何房间，或者任何神职人员或居住在其他任何地方，但我必须为自己转移，我比以往任何时候都更加专注于树林，在那里我更出名。
I determined to go into business at once, and not wait to acquire the usual capital, using such slender means as I had already got.
我决定立即开始做生意，而不是等待用我已经拥有的微薄的资金来获得通常的资本。
My purpose in going to Walden Pond was not to live cheaply nor to live dearly there, but to transact some private business with the fewest obstacles; to be hindered from accomplishing which for want of a little common sense, a little enterprise and business talent, appeared not so sad as foolish.
我去瓦尔登湖的目的不是为了住得便宜，也不是为了住得昂贵，而是为了以最少的障碍办理一些私人事务；由于缺乏一点常识、一点进取心和商业才能而无法实现这一目标，与其说是可悲，倒不如说是愚蠢。
I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; they are indispensable to every man.
我一直努力养成严格的业务习惯；它们对每个人来说都是不可或缺的。
If your trade is with the Celestial Empire, then some small counting house on the coast, in some Salem harbor, will be fixture enough.
如果您的贸易对象是天朝，那么位于塞勒姆港口的海岸上的一些小账房就足够了。
You will export such articles as the country affords, purely native products, much ice and pine timber and a little granite, always in native bottoms.
您将出口该国提供的此类物品，纯土特产，大量冰和松木以及少量花岗岩，始终位于本地底部。
These will be good ventures.
这些将是很好的冒险。
To oversee all the details yourself in person; to be at once pilot and captain, and owner and underwriter; to buy and sell and keep the accounts; to read every letter received, and write or read every letter sent; to superintend the discharge of imports night and day; to be upon many parts of the coast almost at the same time;—often the richest freight will be discharged upon a Jersey shore;—to be your own telegraph, unweariedly sweeping the horizon, speaking all passing vessels bound coastwise; to keep up a steady despatch of commodities, for the supply of such a distant and exorbitant market; to keep yourself informed of the state of the markets, prospects of war and peace every where, and anticipate the tendencies of trade and civilization,—taking advantage of the results of all exploring expeditions, using new passages and all improvements in navigation;—charts to be studied, the position of reefs and new lights and buoys to be ascertained, and ever, and ever, the logarithmic tables to be corrected, for by the error of some calculator the vessel often splits upon a rock that should have reached a friendly pier,—there is the untold fate of La Perouse;—universal science to be kept pace with, studying the lives of all great discoverers and navigators, great adventurers and merchants, from Hanno and the Phœnicians down to our day; in fine, account of stock to be taken from time to time, to know how you stand.
亲自监督所有细节；既是飞行员又是船长，又是船东又是保险人；买卖并记账；阅读收到的每封信件，并书写或阅读发送的每封信件；昼夜监管进口货物的卸货；几乎同时到达海岸的许多地方；——通常最丰富的货物将在泽西海岸卸货；——成为你自己的电报，不知疲倦地扫过地平线，告诉所有驶向海岸的过往船只；保持稳定的商品发送，以供应如此遥远而昂贵的市场；让自己了解各地的市场状况、战争与和平的前景，并预测贸易和文明的趋势，利用所有探险探险的结果，使用新的航道和所有导航改进；要研究的海图，要确定的珊瑚礁和新的灯和浮标的位置，以及永远永远要纠正的对数表，因为由于某些计算器的错误，船只经常在应该达到的岩石上分裂。友好的码头——那里有拉彼鲁斯不为人知的命运；——与普世科学保持同步，研究从汉诺和腓尼基人一直到我们今天的所有伟大发现者和航海家、伟大冒险家和商人的生活；总之，要时常进行库存核算，了解自己的情况。
It is a labor to task the faculties of a man,—such problems of profit and loss, of interest, of tare and tret, and gauging of all kinds in it, as demand a universal knowledge.
考验一个人的能力是一项艰巨的任务，诸如利润和损失、利息、去皮和去皮以及其中的各种计量问题，这些问题需要普遍的知识。
I have thought that Walden Pond would be a good place for business, not solely on account of the railroad and the ice trade; it offers advantages which it may not be good policy to divulge; it is a good port and a good foundation.
我认为瓦尔登湖会是一个做生意的好地方，不仅仅是因为铁路和冰块贸易；它提供了一些可能不宜透露的优点；这是一个好港口，也是一个好基础。
No Neva marshes to be filled; though you must every where build on piles of your own driving.
没有涅瓦河沼泽需要填平；尽管你必须在任何地方都建立在你自己驾驶的基础上。
It is said that a flood-tide, with a westerly wind, and ice in the Neva, would sweep St. Petersburg from the face of the earth.
据说，一场洪水，加上西风和涅瓦河的冰，将会把圣彼得堡从地球表面席卷而去。
As this business was to be entered into without the usual capital, it may not be easy to conjecture where those means, that will still be indispensable to every such undertaking, were to be obtained.
由于这项业务是在没有通常资本的情况下进行的，因此很难推测从哪里获得这些对于每一项此类业务仍然必不可少的手段。
As for Clothing, to come at once to the practical part of the question, perhaps we are led oftener by the love of novelty, and a regard for the opinions of men, in procuring it, than by a true utility.
至于服装，让我们立即讨论问题的实际部分，也许我们在购买服装时更多地是出于对新奇事物的热爱和对男人意见的尊重，而不是真正的实用性。
Let him who has work to do recollect that the object of clothing is, first, to retain the vital heat, and secondly, in this state of society, to cover nakedness, and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe.
让那些有工作要做的人记住，衣服的目的首先是为了保持生命的热量，其次是在这种社会状态下遮盖裸体，他可以判断在不增加衣柜的情况下可以完成多少必要或重要的工作。
Kings and queens who wear a suit but once, though made by some tailor or dressmaker to their majesties, cannot know the comfort of wearing a suit that fits.
国王和王后只穿过一次西装，尽管是由裁缝或裁缝师为陛下制作的，却无法体会穿着合身西装的舒适感。
They are no better than wooden horses to hang the clean clothes on.
它们只不过是挂干净衣服的木马而已。
Every day our garments become more assimilated to ourselves, receiving the impress of the wearer’s character, until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies.
每一天，我们的衣服都变得更加贴近我们自己，接受着穿着者性格的印记，直到我们犹豫着把它们放在一边，而不需要像我们的身体那样拖延、医疗用具和一些庄严的东西。
No man ever stood the lower in my estimation for having a patch in his clothes; yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched clothes, than to have a sound conscience.
没有人会因为衣服上有一块补丁而降低我对他的评价。但我确信，人们普遍更关心的是拥有时尚的，或者至少是干净的、没有打补丁的衣服，而不是拥有一个无愧的良心。
But even if the rent is not mended, perhaps the worst vice betrayed is improvidence.
但即使租金没有得到改善，也许最严重的恶习就是缺乏远见。
I sometimes try my acquaintances by such tests as this;—who could wear a patch, or two extra seams only, over the knee?
我有时会用这样的测试来考验我的熟人：谁能在膝盖上戴一块补丁，或者只戴两条额外的接缝？
Most behave as if they believed that their prospects for life would be ruined if they should do it.
大多数人的行为就好像他们相信，如果他们这样做的话，他们的生活前景就会被毁掉。
It would be easier for them to hobble to town with a broken leg than with a broken pantaloon.
对他们来说，腿断了比马裤断了更容易一瘸一拐地进城。
Often if an accident happens to a gentleman’s legs, they can be mended; but if a similar accident happens to the legs of his pantaloons, there is no help for it; for he considers, not what is truly respectable, but what is respected.
通常，如果绅士的腿发生意外，他们是可以修复的；但如果类似的事故发生在他的马裤腿上，那就没有办法了；因为他考虑的不是真正值得尊敬的东西，而是受到尊重的东西。
We know but few men, a great many coats and breeches.
我们认识的人很少，但外套和马裤却很多。
Dress a scarecrow in your last shift, you standing shiftless by, who would not soonest salute the scarecrow?
在你最后一班的时候给稻草人穿上衣服，你无所事事地站在旁边，谁不会尽快向稻草人致敬呢？
Passing a cornfield the other day, close by a hat and coat on a stake, I recognized the owner of the farm.
有一天，经过一片玉米地时，我认出了农场的主人，旁边的木桩上挂着一顶帽子和一件外套。
He was only a little more weather-beaten than when I saw him last.
他只是比我上次见到他时饱经风霜而已。
I have heard of a dog that barked at every stranger who approached his master’s premises with clothes on, but was easily quieted by a naked thief.
我听说有一只狗，对每一个穿着衣服接近主人家的陌生人都会吠叫，但很容易就被一个赤身裸体的小偷安静下来。
It is an interesting question how far men would retain their relative rank if they were divested of their clothes.
这是一个有趣的问题，如果男人脱掉衣服，他们的相对等级会保持到什么程度。
Could you, in such a case, tell surely of any company of civilized men, which belonged to the most respected class?
在这种情况下，你能确定哪一群文明人属于最受尊敬的阶级吗？
When Madam Pfeiffer, in her adventurous travels round the world, from east to west, had got so near home as Asiatic Russia, she says that she felt the necessity of wearing other than a travelling dress, when she went to meet the authorities, for she “was now in a civilized country, where —— — people are judged of by their clothes.” Even in our democratic New England towns the accidental possession of wealth, and its manifestation in dress and equipage alone, obtain for the possessor almost universal respect.
当菲弗女士从东到西环游世界的冒险旅行中，来到亚洲的俄罗斯如此接近家乡时，她说，当她去见当局时，她觉得有必要穿旅行装以外的衣服，因为她“现在身处一个文明国家，在那里——人们是根据他们的衣服来评判的。”即使在我们民主的新英格兰城镇，偶然拥有财富，及其仅在衣着和装备上的表现，也为拥有者赢得了几乎普遍的尊重。
But they yield such respect, numerous as they are, are so far heathen, and need to have a missionary sent to them.
但他们却表现出如此的尊重，尽管他们人数众多，但迄今为止都是异教徒，需要派一名传教士到他们那里去。
Beside, clothes introduced sewing, a kind of work which you may call endless; a woman’s dress, at least, is never done.
此外，衣服引入了缝纫，一种你可以称之为永无休止的工作；至少，女人的衣服永远不会完成。
A man who has at length found something to do will not need to get a new suit to do it in; for him the old will do, that has lain dusty in the garret for an indeterminate period.
一个终于找到了事情做的人将不需要买一套新衣服来做这件事；对他来说，旧的就可以了，那已经在阁楼上积满灰尘了一段不确定的时间了。
Old shoes will serve a hero longer than they have served his valet,—if a hero ever has a valet,—bare feet are older than shoes, and he can make them do.
旧鞋为英雄服务的时间比为他的男仆服务的时间还要长——如果英雄有男仆的话——赤脚比鞋子更古老，而他可以让他们这么做。
Only they who go to soirées and legislative halls must have new coats, coats to change as often as the man changes in them.
只有那些去参加晚会和立法会堂的人才必须穿新外套，而且外套要随男士的更换而更换。
But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not?
但如果我的夹克和裤子、帽子和鞋子适合敬拜上帝，那就可以了；他们不会吗？
Who ever saw his old clothes,—his old coat, actually worn out, resolved into its primitive elements, so that it was not a deed of charity to bestow it on some poor boy, by him perchance to be bestowed on some poorer still, or shall we say richer, who could do with less?
谁见过他的旧衣服——他的旧外套，实际上已经破旧了，分解成它的原始元素，所以把它送给某个可怜的男孩并不是一种慈善行为，而他也许会把它送给某个更穷的人，或者我们应该说更富有的人，谁可以用更少的东西呢？
I say, beware of all enterprises that require new clothes, and not rather a new wearer of clothes.
我说的是，要警惕所有需要新衣服的企业，而不是新衣服的穿着者。
If there is not a new man, how can the new clothes be made to fit?
如果没有新人，新衣服怎么能做出合身的呢？
If you have any enterprise before you, try it in your old clothes.
如果你之前有什么事业，那就穿上你的旧衣服试试吧。
All men want, not something to _do with_, but something to _do_, or rather something to _be_.
所有人都想要的不是“做事”，而是“做事”，或者更确切地说，“成为”某事。
Perhaps we should never procure a new suit, however ragged or dirty the old, until we have so conducted, so enterprised or sailed in some way, that we feel like new men in the old, and that to retain it would be like keeping new wine in old bottles.
也许我们永远不应该购买一套新衣服，无论旧衣服多么破烂或多脏，除非我们在某种程度上表现得如此出色，如此有进取心或在某种程度上航行，以至于我们感觉自己像旧人中的新人，而保留它就像在旧瓶中保存新酒一样。
Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives.
我们的换羽季节，就像家禽的换羽季节一样，一定是我们生活中的一场危机。
The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it.
潜鸟会退到孤独的池塘里度过。
Thus also the snake casts its slough, and the caterpillar its wormy coat, by an internal industry and expansion; for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil.
蛇也是如此，通过内部的勤奋和扩张，蜕去它的蜕皮，毛毛虫也蜕去它的虫皮。因为衣服只不过是我们最外层的角质层和凡人的线圈。
Otherwise we shall be found sailing under false colors, and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind.
否则，我们将被发现在虚假的幌子下航行，并最终不可避免地被我们自己和人类的观点所抛弃。
We don garment after garment, as if we grew like exogenous plants by addition without.
我们穿上一件又一件的衣服，就好像我们像外源植物一样通过外加而生长。
Our outside and often thin and fanciful clothes are our epidermis, or false skin, which partakes not of our life, and may be stripped off here and there without fatal injury; our thicker garments, constantly worn, are our cellular integument, or cortex; but our shirts are our liber or true bark, which cannot be removed without girdling and so destroying the man.
我们外面的、常常是薄薄的、奇特的衣服是我们的表皮，或者是假皮，它不参与我们的生命，可以到处剥去，而不会造成致命的伤害；我们经常穿着的较厚的衣服是我们的细胞外皮或皮质；但我们的衬衫是我们的自由或真正的树皮，如果不将其除去，就无法将其除去，从而毁掉一个人。
I believe that all races at some seasons wear something equivalent to the shirt.
我相信某些季节的所有比赛都会穿着与衬衫相同的东西。
It is desirable that a man be clad so simply that he can lay his hands on himself in the dark, and that he live in all respects so compactly and preparedly, that, if an enemy take the town, he can, like the old philosopher, walk out the gate empty-handed without anxiety.
一个人最好穿得简单，以便在黑暗中可以把手放在自己身上，并且在各方面都生活得简洁而有准备，这样，如果敌人占领了城镇，他就可以像那位古老的哲学家一样，空手走出城门，而不用担心。
While one thick garment is, for most purposes, as good as three thin ones, and cheap clothing can be obtained at prices really to suit customers; while a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home at a nominal cost, where is he so poor that, clad in such a suit, of _his own earning_, there will not be found wise men to do him reverence?
虽然在大多数情况下，一件厚衣服和三件薄衣服一样好，而且可以以真正适合顾客的价格买到便宜的衣服；一件厚外套五块钱就可以买到，可以穿很多年，厚马裤两块钱，牛皮靴一块半一双，夏天的帽子四分之一美元，冬天的帽子六十二分半，最好是在家做，象征性的成本，但他哪里这么穷，穿这样一套衣服，自己挣钱，就找不到智者来尊敬他呢？
When I ask for a garment of a particular form, my tailoress tells me gravely, “They do not make them so now,” not emphasizing the “They” at all, as if she quoted an authority as impersonal as the Fates, and I find it difficult to get made what I want, simply because she cannot believe that I mean what I say, that I am so rash.
当我要一件特定款式的衣服时，我的裁缝严肃地告诉我，“他们现在不再这样做了”，完全没有强调“他们”，就好像她引用了命运女神一样客观的权威，而我发现很难得到我想要的东西，仅仅是因为她不相信我所说的都是真心的，我是如此的鲁莽。
When I hear this oracular sentence, I am for a moment absorbed in thought, emphasizing to myself each word separately that I may come at the meaning of it, that I may find out by what degree of consanguinity _They_ are related to _me_, and what authority they may have in an affair which affects me so nearly; and, finally, I am inclined to answer her with equal mystery, and without any more emphasis of the “they,”—“It is true, they did not make them so recently, but they do now.” Of what use this measuring of me if she does not measure my character, but only the breadth of my shoulders, as it were a peg to hang the coat on?
当我听到这句神谕般的句子时，我一时陷入沉思，对自己逐个强调每个词，以便我可以理解它的含义，以便我可以查明他们与我的血缘关系有多大，以及他们在对我影响如此之大的事件中可能拥有什么权力；最后，我倾向于以同样神秘的方式回答她，不再强调“他们”——“确实，他们最近才做的，但他们现在做的。”如果她不测量我的性格，而只测量我的肩膀宽度，就像挂外套的钉子一样，那么测量我的尺寸有什么用呢？
We worship not the Graces, nor the Parcæ, but Fashion.
我们崇拜的不是美惠女神，也不是帕卡，而是时尚。
She spins and weaves and cuts with full authority.
她全权负责纺纱、编织和裁剪。
The head monkey at Paris puts on a traveller’s cap, and all the monkeys in America do the same.
巴黎的头猴戴上旅行帽，美国的所有猴子也这样做。
I sometimes despair of getting anything quite simple and honest done in this world by the help of men.
有时，我对在这个世界上依靠男人的帮助完成任何简单而诚实的事情感到绝望。
They would have to be passed through a powerful press first, to squeeze their old notions out of them, so that they would not soon get upon their legs again, and then there would be some one in the company with a maggot in his head, hatched from an egg deposited there nobody knows when, for not even fire kills these things, and you would have lost your labor.
他们必须先经过一个强大的压力，把他们的旧观念从他们身上挤出来，这样他们就不会很快再次站起来，然后公司里就会有人脑子里长着蛆虫，从不知何时孵化的卵中孵化出来，因为连火都不能杀死这些东西，你就会失去你的劳动。
Nevertheless, we will not forget that some Egyptian wheat was handed down to us by a mummy.
尽管如此，我们不会忘记一些埃及小麦是由木乃伊传给我们的。
On the whole, I think that it cannot be maintained that dressing has in this or any country risen to the dignity of an art.
总的来说，我认为不能说着装在这个国家或任何一个国家已经上升到了艺术的尊严。
At present men make shift to wear what they can get.
目前，男人们开始穿他们能得到的衣服。
Like shipwrecked sailors, they put on what they can find on the beach, and at a little distance, whether of space or time, laugh at each other’s masquerade.
就像遭遇海难的水手一样，他们穿上了海滩上能找到的衣服，在距离（无论是空间还是时间）稍远的地方嘲笑彼此的化装舞会。
Every generation laughs at the old fashions, but follows religiously the new.
每一代人都嘲笑旧时尚，但却虔诚地追随新时尚。
We are amused at beholding the costume of Henry VIII., or Queen Elizabeth, as much as if it was that of the King and Queen of the Cannibal Islands.
我们很高兴看到亨利八世或伊丽莎白女王的服装，就像是食人群岛国王和王后的服装一样。
All costume off a man is pitiful or grotesque.
男人的所有服装都是可怜的或怪诞的。
It is only the serious eye peering from and the sincere life passed within it, which restrain laughter and consecrate the costume of any people.
只有凝视的严肃的眼睛和其中流淌的真诚的生活，才能抑制笑声，使任何人的装束神圣化。
Let Harlequin be taken with a fit of the colic and his trappings will have to serve that mood too.
如果丑角因肠绞痛而发作，他的服饰也必须迎合这种情绪。
When the soldier is hit by a cannon ball rags are as becoming as purple.
当士兵被炮弹击中时，破布就会变成紫色。
The childish and savage taste of men and women for new patterns keeps how many shaking and squinting through kaleidoscopes that they may discover the particular figure which this generation requires today.
男人和女人对新款式的幼稚和野蛮的品味让多少人颤抖和眯着眼睛通过万花筒，他们可能会发现这一代人今天需要的特定身材。
The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical.
制造商已经了解到这种口味只是异想天开。
Of two patterns which differ only by a few threads more or less of a particular color, the one will be sold readily, the other lie on the shelf, though it frequently happens that after the lapse of a season the latter becomes the most fashionable.
两种款式的区别仅在于某种颜色或多或少的几根线，其中一种很容易出售，另一种则躺在货架上，尽管经常发生的情况是，在一季过后，后者成为最流行的。
Comparatively, tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called.
相比之下，纹身并不是所谓的丑恶习俗。
It is not barbarous merely because the printing is skin-deep and unalterable.
它并不野蛮，仅仅因为印刷是肤浅的、不可改变的。
I cannot believe that our factory system is the best mode by which men may get clothing.
我不敢相信我们的工厂制度是男人获得衣服的最佳模式。
The condition of the operatives is becoming every day more like that of the English; and it cannot be wondered at, since, as far as I have heard or observed, the principal object is, not that mankind may be well and honestly clad, but, unquestionably, that corporations may be enriched.
特工们的处境一天比一天像英国人。这不足为奇，因为据我所听到或观察到的，主要目标不是让人类穿得好、诚实，而是毫无疑问地让公司致富。
In the long run men hit only what they aim at.
从长远来看，人们只会实现他们的目标。
Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high.
因此，虽然他们应该立即失败，但他们最好志存高远。
As for a Shelter, I will not deny that this is now a necessary of life, though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this.
至于避难所，我不会否认，这是现在生活的必需品，尽管在比这更寒冷的国家，也有人长期没有避难所。
Samuel Laing says that “the Laplander in his skin dress, and in a skin bag which he puts over his head and shoulders, will sleep night after night on the snow—in a degree of cold which would extinguish the life of one exposed to it in any woollen clothing.” He had seen them asleep thus.
塞缪尔·莱恩 (Samuel Laing) 说，“拉普兰人穿着皮衣，戴着皮袋，套在头上和肩膀上，夜复一夜地睡在雪地上——寒冷的程度足以让穿着羊毛衣服的人丧命。”他曾见过他们这样睡着。
Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which there is in a house, the domestic comforts, which phrase may have originally signified the satisfactions of the house more than of the family; though these must be extremely partial and occasional in those climates where the house is associated in our thoughts with winter or the rainy season chiefly, and two thirds of the year, except for a parasol, is unnecessary.
但他补充道，“他们并不比其他人更坚强。”但是，很可能，人类在地球上生活的时间不长，就没有发现房子里的便利和家庭的舒适，这句话最初可能意味着房子的满足而不是家庭的满足；尽管在我们认为房子主要与冬天或雨季联系在一起的气候中，这些必须是极其片面和偶然的，一年中三分之二的时间，除了遮阳伞，是不必要的。
In our climate, in the summer, it was formerly almost solely a covering at night.
在我们的气候下，在夏天，它以前几乎只是夜间的覆盖物。
In the Indian gazettes a wigwam was the symbol of a day’s march, and a row of them cut or painted on the bark of a tree signified that so many times they had camped.
在印第安人的公报中，棚屋是一天行军的象征，在树皮上刻画或画上的一排棚屋意味着他们已经露营过很多次了。
Man was not made so large limbed and robust but that he must seek to narrow his world, and wall in a space such as fitted him.
人的四肢并没有生来如此强大，但他必须设法缩小他的世界，并在一个适合他的空间中筑墙。
He was at first bare and out of doors; but though this was pleasant enough in serene and warm weather, by daylight, the rainy season and the winter, to say nothing of the torrid sun, would perhaps have nipped his race in the bud if he had not made haste to clothe himself with the shelter of a house.
起初他光着身子，在户外。尽管在宁静而温暖的天气里这已经足够令人愉快了，但在白天、雨季和冬天，更不用说炎热的太阳了，如果他不赶紧给自己盖上一栋房子，也许他的种族就会被扼杀在萌芽状态。
Adam and Eve, according to the fable, wore the bower before other clothes.
根据寓言，亚当和夏娃先穿凉亭，然后再穿其他衣服。
Man wanted a home, a place of warmth, or comfort, first of physical warmth, then the warmth of the affections.
人想要一个家，一个温暖的地方，或者舒适的地方，首先是身体的温暖，然后是情感的温暖。
We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter.
我们可以想象一下，在人类的婴儿期，一些有进取心的凡人爬进岩石的空洞避难。
Every child begins the world again, to some extent, and loves to stay out doors, even in wet and cold.
每个孩子在某种程度上都会重新开始新的世界，并且喜欢待在户外，即使在潮湿和寒冷的情况下也是如此。
It plays house, as well as horse, having an instinct for it.
它玩过家家，就像玩马一样，有一种本能。
Who does not remember the interest with which when young he looked at shelving rocks, or any approach to a cave?
谁不记得年轻时他对搁置的岩石或通往洞穴的任何通道的兴趣？
It was the natural yearning of that portion of our most primitive ancestor which still survived in us.
这是我们最原始祖先的那部分仍然存在于我们体内的自然渴望。
From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles.
从洞穴我们已经前进到棕榈叶、树皮和树枝、编织和拉伸的亚麻布、草和稻草、木板和木瓦、石头和瓦片的屋顶。
At last, we know not what it is to live in the open air, and our lives are domestic in more senses than we think.
最后，我们不知道户外生活是什么，而且我们的生活在某种程度上比我们想象的更像家庭生活。
From the hearth to the field is a great distance.
从炉边到田地有很远的距离。
It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long.
如果我们能花更多的日日夜夜，与天体之间没有任何障碍，如果诗人不在屋檐下说那么多话，或者圣人在那里住那么久，也许会很好。
Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots.
鸟儿不会在山洞里歌唱，鸽子也不会在鸽舍里珍惜自己的纯真。
However, if one designs to construct a dwelling house, it behooves him to exercise a little Yankee shrewdness, lest after all he find himself in a workhouse, a labyrinth without a clue, a museum, an almshouse, a prison, or a splendid mausoleum instead.
然而，如果一个人打算建造一所住宅，他就应该发挥一点北方佬的精明，以免他最终发现自己身处济贫院、毫无头绪的迷宫、博物馆、济贫院、监狱或华丽的陵墓。
Consider first how slight a shelter is absolutely necessary.
首先考虑一下庇护所是绝对必要的。
I have seen Penobscot Indians, in this town, living in tents of thin cotton cloth, while the snow was nearly a foot deep around them, and I thought that they would be glad to have it deeper to keep out the wind.
我在这个镇上见过佩诺布斯科特印第安人，住在薄棉布的帐篷里，而他们周围的积雪几乎有一英尺深，我想他们会很高兴把雪埋得更深以挡风。
Formerly, when how to get my living honestly, with freedom left for my proper pursuits, was a question which vexed me even more than it does now, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, I used to see a large box by the railroad, six feet long by three wide, in which the laborers locked up their tools at night, and it suggested to me that every man who was hard pushed might get such a one for a dollar, and, having bored a few auger holes in it, to admit the air at least, get into it when it rained and at night, and hook down the lid, and so have freedom in his love, and in his soul be free.
以前，当如何诚实地谋生，并为我的正当追求留下自由时，这是一个比现在更困扰我的问题，因为不幸的是我变得有些冷酷无情，我经常在铁路旁看到一个大盒子，六英尺长，三英尺宽，工人在晚上把他们的工具锁在里面，这向我暗示，每个被逼迫的人都可以花一美元得到这样一个，并且在里面钻了几个螺旋孔，让空气在晚上进入。至少，在下雨的时候和晚上进去，拉上盖子，这样他的爱就可以自由了，他的灵魂也可以自由了。
This did not appear the worst, nor by any means a despicable alternative.
这似乎并不是最糟糕的情况，也绝不是一个卑鄙的选择。
You could sit up as late as you pleased, and, whenever you got up, go abroad without any landlord or house-lord dogging you for rent.
你可以随心所欲地起床，无论什么时候起床，都可以出国，没有房东或房主追着你要房租。
Many a man is harassed to death to pay the rent of a larger and more luxurious box who would not have frozen to death in such a box as this.
许多人为了支付更大、更豪华的包厢的租金而被折磨死，而他们不会被冻死在这样的包厢里。
I am far from jesting.
我远非开玩笑。
Economy is a subject which admits of being treated with levity, but it cannot so be disposed of.
经济是一个可以轻视的话题，但不能这样对待它。
A comfortable house for a rude and hardy race, that lived mostly out of doors, was once made here almost entirely of such materials as Nature furnished ready to their hands.
对于粗鲁而顽强的种族来说，他们大多住在户外，这里曾经几乎完全是用大自然提供的材料建造的舒适的房子。
Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green....
古金是马萨诸塞殖民地印第安人的管理者，他在 1674 年写道：“他们最好的房子都用树皮覆盖得非常整齐、紧密和温暖，树皮在树液上升的季节从树皮上滑落，当它们还绿的时候，用沉重的木材压力制成大片……
The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former....
比较卑鄙的那种，上面铺着一种芦苇做的垫子，也冷漠地紧绷而温暖，但不如前者那么好……
Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad....
我见过一些，六十或一百英尺长，三十英尺宽……
I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within with well-wrought embroidered mats, and were furnished with various utensils.
我经常住在他们的棚屋里，发现它们像最好的英国房子一样温暖。”他补充说，它们通常铺有地毯，内部衬有精心制作的绣花垫，并配有各种器具。
The Indians had advanced so far as to regulate the effect of the wind by a mat suspended over the hole in the roof and moved by a string.
印第安人已经进步到通过悬挂在屋顶洞上并由绳子移动的垫子来调节风的影响。
Such a lodge was in the first instance constructed in a day or two at most, and taken down and put up in a few hours; and every family owned one, or its apartment in one.
这样的小屋最初最多一两天就能建成，几个小时内就可以拆除和搭建起来。每个家庭都拥有一套，或者一套公寓。
In the savage state every family owns a shelter as good as the best, and sufficient for its coarser and simpler wants; but I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, though the birds of the air have their nests, and the foxes their holes, and the savages their wigwams, in modern civilized society not more than one half the families own a shelter.
在野蛮国家，每个家庭都拥有一个与最好的住所一样好的住所，足以满足其粗俗和简单的需求。但我认为我这样说是有道理的，虽然空中的飞鸟有巢，狐狸有洞，野人有棚屋，但在现代文明社会，只有不到一半的家庭拥有庇护所。
In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole.
在文明特别盛行的大城镇中，拥有住所的人数只占总体的很小一部分。
The rest pay an annual tax for this outside garment of all, become indispensable summer and winter, which would buy a village of Indian wigwams, but now helps to keep them poor as long as they live.
其余的人每年都要为这件外衣缴纳税款，这件衣服在夏季和冬季都变得不可或缺，这可以买下一个村庄的印度棚屋，但现在却让他们在活着的时候保持贫穷。
I do not mean to insist here on the disadvantage of hiring compared with owning, but it is evident that the savage owns his shelter because it costs so little, while the civilized man hires his commonly because he cannot afford to own it; nor can he, in the long run, any better afford to hire.
我并不是想在这里强调租用与拥有相比的劣势，但很明显，野蛮人拥有他的住所，因为它的成本太低，而文明人通常租用他的住所，因为他买不起；从长远来看，他也没有能力更好地雇用员工。
But, answers one, by merely paying this tax the poor civilized man secures an abode which is a palace compared with the savage’s.
但是，一个人回答说，仅仅通过缴纳这笔税，可怜的文明人就获得了一个与野蛮人相比就像宫殿一样的住所。
An annual rent of from twenty-five to a hundred dollars, these are the country rates, entitles him to the benefit of the improvements of centuries, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, Rumford fireplace, back plastering, Venetian blinds, copper pump, spring lock, a commodious cellar, and many other things.
年租金从二十五到一百美元不等，这是国家的标准，使他有权享受几个世纪以来的改进，宽敞的公寓，干净的油漆和纸张，拉姆福德壁炉，背面抹灰，百叶窗，铜泵，弹簧锁，宽敞的地窖，和许多其他东西。
But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a _poor_ civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage?
但是，为什么据说享受这些东西的人通常是一个贫穷的文明人，而没有这些东西的野蛮人却像野蛮人一样富有呢？
If it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it has produced better dwellings without making them more costly; and the cost of a thing is the amount of what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run.
如果断言文明是人类状况的真正进步——我认为确实如此，尽管只有智者才能提高自己的优势——那么就必须证明，文明创造了更好的住宅，但没有使它们变得更加昂贵。一件东西的成本就是我所说的需要立即或长期交换它的生命的数量。
An average house in this neighborhood costs perhaps eight hundred dollars, and to lay up this sum will take from ten to fifteen years of the laborer’s life, even if he is not encumbered with a family;—estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less;—so that he must have spent more than half his life commonly before _his_ wigwam will be earned.
这一带的一栋普通房子大约要花八百美元，积存这笔钱需要劳动者一生的十年到十五年的时间，即使他没有家庭的负担；——以每天一美元来估算每个人劳动的金钱价值，因为如果有些人得到的多，其他人得到的就会少；——因此，在赢得这个棚屋之前，他通常必须度过一半以上的生活。
If we suppose him to pay a rent instead, this is but a doubtful choice of evils.
如果我们假设他改为支付租金，这只是一个值得怀疑的邪恶选择。
Would the savage have been wise to exchange his wigwam for a palace on these terms?
按照这些条件，野蛮人将他的棚屋换成宫殿是否明智？
It may be guessed that I reduce almost the whole advantage of holding this superfluous property as a fund in store against the future, so far as the individual is concerned, mainly to the defraying of funeral expenses.
也许可以猜想，就个人而言，我几乎减少了持有这些多余财产作为未来储备基金的全部优势，主要用于支付丧葬费用。
But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself.
但也许一个人不需要埋葬自己。
Nevertheless this points to an important distinction between the civilized man and the savage; and, no doubt, they have designs on us for our benefit, in making the life of a civilized people an _institution_, in which the life of the individual is to a great extent absorbed, in order to preserve and perfect that of the race.
尽管如此，这还是指出了文明人和野蛮人之间的一个重要区别。毫无疑问，他们是为了我们的利益而对我们抱有希望，让文明民族的生活成为一种制度，个人的生活在很大程度上被吸收其中，以保存和完善种族的生活。
But I wish to show at what a sacrifice this advantage is at present obtained, and to suggest that we may possibly so live as to secure all the advantage without suffering any of the disadvantage.
但我想表明，目前获得这一优势是付出了多大的牺牲，并表明我们可能会这样生活，以确保所有优势而不遭受任何劣势。
What mean ye by saying that the poor ye have always with you, or that the fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?
你们说你们身边总是有穷人，或者说父亲吃了酸葡萄，孩子们的牙齿都酸了，这是什么意思呢？
“As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.”
“主耶和华说，我指着我的永生起誓，你们在以色列将不再有机会使用这句谚语。”
“Behold all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.”
“看哪，所有的灵魂都是我的；正如父亲的灵魂一样，儿子的灵魂也是我的：犯罪的灵魂必将死亡。”
When I consider my neighbors, the farmers of Concord, who are at least as well off as the other classes, I find that for the most part they have been toiling twenty, thirty, or forty years, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money,—and we may regard one third of that toil as the cost of their houses,—but commonly they have not paid for them yet.
当我想到我的邻居，康科德的农民，他们至少和其他阶级一样富裕时，我发现他们大部分已经辛勤工作了二十年、三十年或四十年，以便成为他们农场的真正主人，这些农场通常是他们以产权负担继承的，或者用雇工的钱购买的，我们可以把这些辛劳的三分之一视为他们房屋的成本，但通常他们还没有支付这些农场的费用。
It is true, the encumbrances sometimes outweigh the value of the farm, so that the farm itself becomes one great encumbrance, and still a man is found to inherit it, being well acquainted with it, as he says.
确实，这些负担有时超过了农场的价值，因此农场本身就成了一大负担，但仍然有人发现继承它，正如他所说，他非常熟悉它。
On applying to the assessors, I am surprised to learn that they cannot at once name a dozen in the town who own their farms free and clear.
在向评估员提出申请时，我惊讶地发现他们无法立即说出镇上十几个人自由而清晰地拥有自己的农场的名字。
If you would know the history of these homesteads, inquire at the bank where they are mortgaged.
如果您想了解这些宅基地的历史，可以向抵押贷款的银行询问。
The man who has actually paid for his farm with labor on it is so rare that every neighbor can point to him.
真正用劳动力支付农场费用的人是如此罕见，以至于每个邻居都可以指出他。
I doubt if there are three such men in Concord.
我怀疑康科德是否有三个这样的人。
What has been said of the merchants, that a very large majority, even ninety-seven in a hundred, are sure to fail, is equally true of the farmers.
关于商人的说法是，绝大多数，甚至一百人中的九十七人，都肯定会失败，这对于农民来说同样适用。
With regard to the merchants, however, one of them says pertinently that a great part of their failures are not genuine pecuniary failures, but merely failures to fulfil their engagements, because it is inconvenient; that is, it is the moral character that breaks down.
然而，对于商人来说，其中一位人士中肯地说，他们的失败很大一部分并不是真正的金钱失败，而只是未能履行承诺，因为这样做不方便；也就是说，是道德败坏了。
But this puts an infinitely worse face on the matter, and suggests, beside, that probably not even the other three succeed in saving their souls, but are perchance bankrupt in a worse sense than they who fail honestly.
但这让事情变得更加糟糕，而且还表明，即使是其他三个人也可能无法成功拯救他们的灵魂，但可能会比那些诚实失败的人更糟糕地破产。
Bankruptcy and repudiation are the springboards from which much of our civilization vaults and turns its somersets, but the savage stands on the unelastic plank of famine.
破产和拒绝是我们大部分文明的跳板，而野蛮人则站在饥荒的无弹性木板上。
Yet the Middlesex Cattle Show goes off here with _éclat_ annually, as if all the joints of the agricultural machine were suent.
然而，米德尔塞克斯养牛展每年都会在这里举办，仿佛农业机器的所有关节都运转良好。
The farmer is endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood by a formula more complicated than the problem itself.
农民正在努力用比问题本身更复杂的公式来解决生计问题。
To get his shoestrings he speculates in herds of cattle.
为了赚到小本钱，他通过牛群进行投机。
With consummate skill he has set his trap with a hair spring to catch comfort and independence, and then, as he turned away, got his own leg into it.
凭借精湛的技巧，他用游丝设置了陷阱，以获得舒适感和独立性，然后，当他转身时，自己的腿也陷入了其中。
This is the reason he is poor; and for a similar reason we are all poor in respect to a thousand savage comforts, though surrounded by luxuries.
这就是他贫穷的原因；出于类似的原因，尽管我们周围都是奢侈品，但我们在一千种野蛮的舒适方面都是贫穷的。
As Chapman sings,—
正如查普曼所唱的那样——
“The false society of men— —for earthly greatness All heavenly comforts rarefies to air.”
“虚假的人类社会——为了尘世的伟大，所有天堂的舒适都变得稀有。”
And when the farmer has got his house, he may not be the richer but the poorer for it, and it be the house that has got him.
当农民得到了自己的房子时，他可能不会因此而变得更富有，反而会变得更穷，而正是房子拥有了他。
As I understand it, that was a valid objection urged by Momus against the house which Minerva made, that she “had not made it movable, by which means a bad neighborhood might be avoided;” and it may still be urged, for our houses are such unwieldy property that we are often imprisoned rather than housed in them; and the bad neighborhood to be avoided is our own scurvy selves.
据我了解，这是莫姆斯对密涅瓦建造的房子提出的有效反对意见，她“没有把它做成可移动的，这样可以避免一个糟糕的邻居；”我们仍然可以敦促这样做，因为我们的房屋是如此笨重的财产，以至于我们经常被监禁而不是被安置在里面。而要避免的坏邻居就是我们自己坏血病。
I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free.
我认识的镇上至少有一两户人家，近一代人的时间里，一直想卖掉郊区的房子，搬进村子里，但始终未能如愿，只有死亡才能解脱。
Granted that the _majority_ are able at last either to own or hire the modern house with all its improvements.
假设_大多数_最终能够拥有或租用经过所有改进的现代房屋。
While civilization has been improving our houses, it has not equally improved the men who are to inhabit them.
虽然文明已经改善了我们的房屋，但它并没有同样改善居住在其中的人。
It has created palaces, but it was not so easy to create noblemen and kings.
它创造了宫殿，但创造贵族和国王却没那么容易。
And _if the civilized man’s pursuits are no worthier than the savage’s, if he is employed the greater part of his life in obtaining gross necessaries and comforts merely, why should he have a better dwelling than the former?_
而且，如果文明人的追求并不比野蛮人的追求更有价值，如果他一生的大部分时间仅仅用于获得粗略的必需品和舒适，那么他为什么要拥有比前者更好的住所呢？
But how do the poor minority fare?
但贫困的少数群体过得怎么样呢？
Perhaps it will be found, that just in proportion as some have been placed in outward circumstances above the savage, others have been degraded below him.
也许我们会发现，正如一些人在外在环境中处于高于野蛮人的程度，另一些人则被贬低在野蛮人之下。
The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another.
一个阶层的奢华被另一个阶层的贫困所抵消。
On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor.” The myriads who built the pyramids to be the tombs of the Pharaohs were fed on garlic, and it may be were not decently buried themselves.
一侧是宫殿，另一侧是救济院和“沉默的穷人”。无数建造金字塔作为法老王陵墓的人以大蒜为食，但他们自己可能没有得到体面的埋葬。
The mason who finishes the cornice of the palace returns at night perchance to a hut not so good as a wigwam.
完成宫殿檐口的石匠晚上可能会回到一间连棚屋都不如的小屋。
It is a mistake to suppose that, in a country where the usual evidences of civilization exist, the condition of a very large body of the inhabitants may not be as degraded as that of savages.
如果认为在一个普遍存在文明迹象的国家里，大量居民的境况可能不会像野蛮人那样退化，那是错误的。
I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich.
我指的是堕落的穷人，而不是现在的堕落的富人。
To know this I should not need to look farther than to the shanties which every where border our railroads, that last improvement in civilization; where I see in my daily walks human beings living in sties, and all winter with an open door, for the sake of light, without any visible, often imaginable, wood pile, and the forms of both old and young are permanently contracted by the long habit of shrinking from cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked.
要知道这一点，我不需要看比铁路沿线各处的棚屋更远的地方，这是文明的最后进步；我在日常散步中看到，人类生活在猪圈里，整个冬天都开着门，为了采光，没有任何可见的、通常可以想象到的木堆，无论老少，都因长期畏寒和痛苦的习惯而永久收缩，所有四肢和官能的发育都受到了抑制。
It certainly is fair to look at that class by whose labor the works which distinguish this generation are accomplished.
公平地看待这个阶级，正是他们的劳动成就了这一代人的杰出作品。
Such too, to a greater or less extent, is the condition of the operatives of every denomination in England, which is the great workhouse of the world.
英国这个世界上最大的济贫院，各个教派的工作人员在或多或少的程度上也是如此。
Or I could refer you to Ireland, which is marked as one of the white or enlightened spots on the map.
或者我可以向您推荐爱尔兰，它在地图上被标记为白色或开明的点之一。
Contrast the physical condition of the Irish with that of the North American Indian, or the South Sea Islander, or any other savage race before it was degraded by contact with the civilized man.
将爱尔兰人的身体状况与北美印第安人、南海岛民或任何其他未开化种族因与文明人接触而退化之前的身体状况进行比较。
Yet I have no doubt that that people’s rulers are as wise as the average of civilized rulers.
但我毫不怀疑，人民的统治者与文明统治者的平均水平一样明智。
Their condition only proves what squalidness may consist with civilization.
他们的状况只能证明肮脏与文明是相容的。
I hardly need refer now to the laborers in our Southern States who produce the staple exports of this country, and are themselves a staple production of the South.
我现在几乎不需要提及我们南方各州的劳动者，他们生产了这个国家的主要出口产品，而且他们本身就是南方的主要产品。
But to confine myself to those who are said to be in _moderate_ circumstances.
但仅限于那些据说处于中等情况的人。
Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that they must have such a one as their neighbors have.
大多数男人似乎从来没有考虑过房子是什么，实际上他们一生都过着不必要的贫穷，因为他们认为自己必须拥有像邻居一样的房子。
As if one were to wear any sort of coat which the tailor might cut out for him, or, gradually leaving off palmleaf hat or cap of woodchuck skin, complain of hard times because he could not afford to buy him a crown!
就好像一个人要穿上裁缝为他剪裁的任何一种外套，或者逐渐抛弃棕榈叶帽或土拨鼠皮帽，抱怨日子过得艰难，因为他买不起王冠！
It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for.
有可能发明一种比我们现在拥有的更方便、更豪华的房子，但所有人都承认人类买不起。
Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less?
我们是否应该始终学习以获取更多这些东西，而不是有时满足于较少的东西？
Shall the respectable citizen thus gravely teach, by precept and example, the necessity of the young man’s providing a certain number of superfluous glow-shoes, and umbrellas, and empty guest chambers for empty guests, before he dies?
这位受人尊敬的公民是否应该言传身教，郑重地教导年轻人在死前必须提供一定数量多余的发光鞋和雨伞，并为空荡荡的客人提供空荡荡的客房？
Why should not our furniture be as simple as the Arab’s or the Indian’s?
为什么我们的家具不能像阿拉伯或印度的那样简单呢？
When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture.
当我想到人类的恩人，我们将他们神化为来自天堂的使者，为人类带来神圣礼物的人时，我的脑海中并没有看到他们身后有任何随从，也没有看到任何一车时尚家具。
Or what if I were to allow—would it not be a singular allowance?—that our furniture should be more complex than the Arab’s, in proportion as we are morally and intellectually his superiors!
或者，如果我允许——这难道不是一种独特的津贴吗？——我们的家具应该比阿拉伯人的家具更复杂，因为我们在道德和智力上都比阿拉伯人优越！
At present our houses are cluttered and defiled with it, and a good housewife would sweep out the greater part into the dust hole, and not leave her morning’s work undone.
目前，我们的房子里杂乱无章，脏兮兮的，一个好的家庭主妇会把大部分扫进灰尘坑里，而不是让她早上的工作闲着。
Morning work!
早上上班！
By the blushes of Aurora and the music of Memnon, what should be man’s _morning work_ in this world?
在奥罗拉的红晕和门农的音乐中，这个世界上人类的_早晨工作_应该是什么？
I had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to find that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my mind was all undusted still, and I threw them out the window in disgust.
我的桌子上放着三块石灰石，但我害怕地发现它们需要每天掸去灰尘，而我心里的家具却都没有掸过灰尘，我厌恶地把它们扔出了窗外。
How, then, could I have a furnished house?
那么，我怎样才能拥有一间带家具的房子呢？
I would rather sit in the open air, for no dust gathers on the grass, unless where man has broken ground.
我宁愿坐在露天，因为草地上不会积聚灰尘，除非有人破土动工的地方。
It is the luxurious and dissipated who set the fashions which the herd so diligently follow.
奢侈和放荡的人引领了大众孜孜不倦追随的时尚。
The traveller who stops at the best houses, so called, soon discovers this, for the publicans presume him to be a Sardanapalus, and if he resigned himself to their tender mercies he would soon be completely emasculated.
停在最好的房子（所谓的）的旅行者很快就会发现这一点，因为酒馆老板认为他是萨达纳帕勒斯（Sardanapalus），如果他屈服于他们的温柔怜悯，他很快就会被彻底阉割。
I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and it threatens without attaining these to become no better than a modern drawing room, with its divans, and ottomans, and sun-shades, and a hundred other oriental things, which we are taking west with us, invented for the ladies of the harem and the effeminate natives of the Celestial Empire, which Jonathan should be ashamed to know the names of.
我认为，在火车车厢里，我们倾向于在奢华上花更多的钱，而不是在安全和便利上，如果没有实现这些，它可能会变成一个现代客厅，里面有长沙发、脚凳、遮阳帘，以及我们正在向西带去的一百种其他东方东西，这些东西是为后宫女士和天朝的女性当地人发明的，乔纳森应该羞于知道这些东西的名字。
I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself than be crowded on a velvet cushion.
我宁愿坐在南瓜上独享一切，也不愿挤在天鹅绒垫子上。
I would rather ride on earth in an ox cart with a free circulation, than go to heaven in the fancy car of an excursion train and breathe a _malaria_ all the way.
我宁愿乘坐自由流通的牛车在人间，也不愿乘坐游览火车的豪华车厢去天堂，一路呼吸着疟疾。
The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but a sojourner in nature.
原始时代人类生活的简单和赤裸至少意味着这一优势，即他们仍然让他成为大自然中的寄居者。
When he was refreshed with food and sleep he contemplated his journey again.
当他吃饱睡足后，他又开始思考自己的旅程。
He dwelt, as it were, in a tent in this world, and was either threading the valleys, or crossing the plains, or climbing the mountain tops.
他仿佛居住在这个世界的帐篷里，或穿过山谷，或穿越平原，或攀登山顶。
But lo!
但是瞧！
men have become the tools of their tools.
人已经成为他们工具的工具。
The man who independently plucked the fruits when he was hungry is become a farmer; and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper.
饥饿时独立采摘果实的人成为农民；而那个站在树下避难的人，则是一位管家。
We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven.
我们现在不再像过夜一样露营，而是定居在地球上，忘记了天堂。
We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of _agri_-culture.
我们接受基督教只是作为农业文化的一种改进方法。
We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb.
我们为这个世界建造了一座家族宅邸，为下一个世界建造了一座家族坟墓。
The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten.
最好的艺术作品是人类为摆脱这种状况而进行的斗争的表达，但我们艺术的效果只不过是让这种低级状态变得舒适，而让更高级的状态被遗忘。
There is actually no place in this village for a work of _fine_ art, if any had come down to us, to stand, for our lives, our houses and streets, furnish no proper pedestal for it.
事实上，在这个村子里，没有任何地方可以容纳一件艺术品，即使有任何艺术品流传到我们这里，也无法为我们的生活、我们的房屋和街道提供适当的基座。
There is not a nail to hang a picture on, nor a shelf to receive the bust of a hero or a saint.
没有一颗钉子可以挂一幅画，也没有一个架子可以放置英雄或圣人的半身像。
When I consider how our houses are built and paid for, or not paid for, and their internal economy managed and sustained, I wonder that the floor does not give way under the visitor while he is admiring the gewgaws upon the mantel-piece, and let him through into the cellar, to some solid and honest though earthy foundation.
当我考虑我们的房屋是如何建造、支付或不支付，以及它们的内部经济如何管理和维持时，我想知道当访客在欣赏壁炉架上的小玩意时，地板不会在下面塌陷，并让他进入地窖，到达一些坚实而诚实的土质基础。
I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I do not get on in the enjoyment of the _fine_ arts which adorn it, my attention being wholly occupied with the jump; for I remember that the greatest genuine leap, due to human muscles alone, on record, is that of certain wandering Arabs, who are said to have cleared twenty-five feet on level ground.
我不得不意识到，这种所谓的丰富而精致的生活是一种跳跃的东西，而我却无法享受装饰它的艺术，因为我的注意力完全被这种跳跃所占据；因此，我无法享受装饰它的艺术的乐趣。因为我记得，有记录以来，仅靠人类肌肉实现的最伟大的真正跳跃是某些流浪的阿拉伯人，据说他们在平地上腾出了二十五英尺。
Without factitious support, man is sure to come to earth again beyond that distance.
如果没有人为的支持，人类肯定会超越这个距离再次来到地球。
The first question which I am tempted to put to the proprietor of such great impropriety is, Who bolsters you?
我很想向犯下如此严重不当行为的人提出的第一个问题是：谁支持你？
Are you one of the ninety-seven who fail, or of the three who succeed?
你是九十七个失败者之一，还是三个成功者之一？
Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental.
回答我这些问题，然后也许我会看着你的胡言乱语，并发现它们是装饰性的。
The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful.
本末倒置，既不美观也不实用。
Before we can adorn our houses with beautiful objects the walls must be stripped, and our lives must be stripped, and beautiful housekeeping and beautiful living be laid for a foundation: now, a taste for the beautiful is most cultivated out of doors, where there is no house and no housekeeper.
在我们能够用美丽的物品装饰我们的房子之前，墙壁必须被拆除，我们的生活必须被拆除，并为美丽的家务和美丽的生活奠定基础：现在，对美的品味最能在户外培养，那里没有房子，也没有管家。
Old Johnson, in his “Wonder-Working Providence,” speaking of the first settlers of this town, with whom he was contemporary, tells us that “they burrow themselves in the earth for their first shelter under some hillside, and, casting the soil aloft upon timber, they make a smoky fire against the earth, at the highest side.” They did not “provide them houses,” says he, “till the earth, by the Lord’s blessing, brought forth bread to feed them,” and the first year’s crop was so light that “they were forced to cut their bread very thin for a long season.” The secretary of the Province of New Netherland, writing in Dutch, in 1650, for the information of those who wished to take up land there, states more particularly that “those in New Netherland, and especially in New England, who have no means to build farmhouses at first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, six or seven feet deep, as long and as broad as they think proper, case the earth inside with wood all round the wall, and line the wood with the bark of trees or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth; floor this cellar with plank, and wainscot it overhead for a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up, and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three, and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family.
老约翰逊在他的《创造奇迹的天意》中，谈到这座城镇的第一批定居者时，他告诉我们，“他们在山坡下的地下挖了第一个庇护所，然后将土壤高高地抛在木材上，在最高的一侧对着地面生起了冒烟的火。”他说，他们没有“为他们提供房屋”，“直到大地在主的祝福下长出面包来养活他们”，而第一年的收成如此之少，以至于“他们被迫在很长一段时间里把面包切成薄片”。 1650年，新尼德兰省的秘书用荷兰语写信给那些希望在那里占有土地的人提供信息，其中更具体地指出，“新尼德兰的人们，特别是新英格兰的人们，一开始没有能力按照自己的意愿建造农舍，就在地上挖一个方形坑，像地窖一样深，六七英尺深，长和宽都可以，只要他们认为合适，在土里填上木头，围在墙边，然后用木头把木头排成一行。用树皮或其他东西来防止地面塌陷；在这个地窖里铺上木板，并在头顶上安装壁板作为天花板，清理掉圆木屋顶，并用树皮或绿色草皮覆盖在圆木上，这样他们就可以和全家人一起在这些房子里生活干燥和温暖的两年、三年和四年，据了解，这些地窖的隔断是根据家庭的规模而设计的。
The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the colonies, commenced their first dwelling houses in this fashion for two reasons; firstly, in order not to waste time in building, and not to want food the next season; secondly, in order not to discourage poor laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland.
在殖民地初期，新英格兰的富有和重要人物以这种方式建造了他们的第一座住宅，原因有二：第一，为了不浪费时间在建筑上，也为了下一季不缺粮；其次，为了不让他们从祖国大量带来的贫穷劳动人民灰心丧气。
In the course of three or four years, when the country became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome houses, spending on them several thousands.”
在三四年的时间里，当国家适应了农业时，他们为自己建造了漂亮的房子，花费了数千美元。”
In this course which our ancestors took there was a show of prudence at least, as if their principle were to satisfy the more pressing wants first.
我们的祖先采取的这一做法至少表现出了谨慎的态度，仿佛他们的原则是首先满足更紧迫的需求。
But are the more pressing wants satisfied now?
但现在更紧迫的需求得到满足了吗？
When I think of acquiring for myself one of our luxurious dwellings, I am deterred, for, so to speak, the country is not yet adapted to _human_ culture, and we are still forced to cut our _spiritual_ bread far thinner than our forefathers did their wheaten.
当我想到为自己购买一处豪华住宅时，我就犹豫了，因为可以说，这个国家还没有适应人类文化，而我们仍然被迫将我们的精神面包切得比我们的祖先切得更薄。
Not that all architectural ornament is to be neglected even in the rudest periods; but let our houses first be lined with beauty, where they come in contact with our lives, like the tenement of the shellfish, and not overlaid with it.
并不是说所有的建筑装饰都应该被忽视，即使在最原始的时期也是如此。但首先要让我们的房子充满美丽，它们与我们的生活接触，就像贝类的住所一样，而不是被它覆盖。
But, alas!
但是，唉！
I have been inside one or two of them, and know what they are lined with.
我去过其中一两个，知道里面衬着什么。
Though we are not so degenerate but that we might possibly live in a cave or a wigwam or wear skins today, it certainly is better to accept the advantages, though so dearly bought, which the invention and industry of mankind offer.
尽管我们还没有那么堕落，但我们今天可能住在山洞或棚屋里，或者穿着兽皮，但最好还是接受人类的发明和工业所带来的好处，尽管代价如此高昂。
In such a neighborhood as this, boards and shingles, lime and bricks, are cheaper and more easily obtained than suitable caves, or whole logs, or bark in sufficient quantities, or even well-tempered clay or flat stones.
在这样的社区中，木板和木瓦、石灰和砖块比合适的洞穴、整根原木、足够数量的树皮、甚至是经过磨练的粘土或扁平石头更便宜、更容易获得。
I speak understandingly on this subject, for I have made myself acquainted with it both theoretically and practically.
我对这个问题的发言是有理有据的，因为我已经在理论上和实践上都熟悉了它。
With a little more wit we might use these materials so as to become richer than the richest now are, and make our civilization a blessing.
如果我们再多一点智慧，我们就可以利用这些材料变得比现在最富有的人更富有，并使我们的文明成为一种祝福。
The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage.
文明人是更有经验、更明智的野蛮人。
But to make haste to my own experiment.
但要赶紧进行我自己的实验。
Near the end of March, 1845, I borrowed an axe and went down to the woods by Walden Pond, nearest to where I intended to build my house, and began to cut down some tall, arrowy white pines, still in their youth, for timber.
1845 年 3 月底左右，我借了一把斧子，来到瓦尔登湖边的树林里，距离我打算盖房子的地方最近，开始砍伐一些高大、箭状的、还很年轻的白松树，作为木材。
It is difficult to begin without borrowing, but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise.
不借钱就很难开始，但也许这是让你的同胞对你的事业感兴趣的最慷慨的做法。
The owner of the axe, as he released his hold on it, said that it was the apple of his eye; but I returned it sharper than I received it.
斧头的主人松开斧子时说，这是他的掌上明珠。但我归还的比收到的更锋利。
It was a pleasant hillside where I worked, covered with pine woods, through which I looked out on the pond, and a small open field in the woods where pines and hickories were springing up.
我工作的地方是一个宜人的山坡，山坡上长满了松树林，透过山坡我可以看到池塘，树林里还有一小块空地，松树和山核桃树长满了树。
The ice in the pond was not yet dissolved, though there were some open spaces, and it was all dark colored and saturated with water.
池塘里的冰还没有融化，虽然有一些空地，但颜色都是深色的，被水浸透了。
There were some slight flurries of snow during the days that I worked there; but for the most part when I came out on to the railroad, on my way home, its yellow sand heap stretched away gleaming in the hazy atmosphere, and the rails shone in the spring sun, and I heard the lark and pewee and other birds already come to commence another year with us.
我在那里工作的那些日子里，下了一些小雪。但大多数情况下，当我在回家的路上走上铁路时，黄色的沙堆在朦胧的气氛中闪闪发光，铁轨在春天的阳光下闪闪发光，我听到云雀、皮威和其他鸟类已经来与我们一起开始新的一年。
They were pleasant spring days, in which the winter of man’s discontent was thawing as well as the earth, and the life that had lain torpid began to stretch itself.
那是宜人的春天，人类不满的冬天和大地都在融化，迟钝的生命开始伸展。
One day, when my axe had come off and I had cut a green hickory for a wedge, driving it with a stone, and had placed the whole to soak in a pond hole in order to swell the wood, I saw a striped snake run into the water, and he lay on the bottom, apparently without inconvenience, as long as I stayed there, or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state.
有一天，当我的斧子脱落后，我砍了一棵绿色的山核桃木为楔子，用石头敲击它，并将其整个浸泡在池塘洞中以使木头膨胀，我看到一条条纹蛇跑进水里，它躺在水底，显然没有任何不便，只要我在那里停留，或超过一刻钟；也许是因为他还没有完全从麻木的状态中走出来。
It appeared to me that for a like reason men remain in their present low and primitive condition; but if they should feel the influence of the spring of springs arousing them, they would of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life.
在我看来，出于同样的原因，人们仍然处于目前的低贱和原始状态。但如果他们感受到万泉之泉的影响，他们就必然会升入更高、更空灵的生活。
I had previously seen the snakes in frosty mornings in my path with portions of their bodies still numb and inflexible, waiting for the sun to thaw them.
我以前曾在寒冷的早晨在我的路上看到过蛇，它们的身体部分仍然麻木且不灵活，等待阳光将它们解冻。
On the 1st of April it rained and melted the ice, and in the early part of the day, which was very foggy, I heard a stray goose groping about over the pond and cackling as if lost, or like the spirit of the fog.
4月1日，下雨了，冰雪融化了，一大早，雾很大，我听到一只迷路的鹅在池塘上摸索，咯咯地叫着，好像迷路了，或者像雾的精灵。
So I went on for some days cutting and hewing timber, and also studs and rafters, all with my narrow axe, not having many communicable or scholar-like thoughts, singing to myself,—
于是，我继续用我的窄斧砍伐木材、螺柱和椽子，没有太多可交流的或学者般的想法，对自己唱歌，花了几天时间——
Men say they know many things; But lo!
人们说他们知道很多事情；但是瞧！
they have taken wings,— The arts and sciences, And a thousand appliances; The wind that blows Is all that any body knows.
他们长出了翅膀，——艺术和科学，以及一千种器具；任何人都知道吹来的风。
I hewed the main timbers six inches square, most of the studs on two sides only, and the rafters and floor timbers on one side, leaving the rest of the bark on, so that they were just as straight and much stronger than sawed ones.
我把主要木材锯成六英寸见方，大部分立柱只在两侧，椽子和地板木材在一侧，留下树皮的其余部分，这样它们就和锯木一样直，而且坚固得多。
Each stick was carefully mortised or tenoned by its stump, for I had borrowed other tools by this time.
每根棍子都用它的树桩仔细地开榫眼或榫头，因为此时我已经借了其他工具。
My days in the woods were not very long ones; yet I usually carried my dinner of bread and butter, and read the newspaper in which it was wrapped, at noon, sitting amid the green pine boughs which I had cut off, and to my bread was imparted some of their fragrance, for my hands were covered with a thick coat of pitch.
我在树林里的日子并不长。然而，我通常会带着面包和黄油作为晚餐，中午坐在我砍下的青松树枝中间，阅读包着面包的报纸，我的面包上沾满了松树的香味，因为我的手上沾满了一层厚厚的沥青。
Before I had done I was more the friend than the foe of the pine tree, though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it.
在我这样做之前，我更像是松树的朋友而不是敌人，尽管我已经砍掉了其中一些松树，因为我对它更加熟悉了。
Sometimes a rambler in the wood was attracted by the sound of my axe, and we chatted pleasantly over the chips which I had made.
有时，树林里的漫步者会被我斧头的声音所吸引，我们就一边吃着我做的木片一边愉快地聊天。
By the middle of April, for I made no haste in my work, but rather made the most of it, my house was framed and ready for the raising.
到了四月中旬，我的工作并不匆忙，而是充分利用，我的房子已经框架起来，准备好了。
I had already bought the shanty of James Collins, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, for boards.
我已经买下了在菲奇堡铁路工作的爱尔兰人詹姆斯·柯林斯的棚屋作为木板。
James Collins’ shanty was considered an uncommonly fine one.
詹姆斯·柯林斯的棚屋被认为是一个非常好的棚屋。
When I called to see it he was not at home.
当我打电话去看时，他不在家。
I walked about the outside, at first unobserved from within, the window was so deep and high.
我在外面走来走去，起初没有从里面观察到，窗户又深又高。
It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being raised five feet all around as if it were a compost heap.
它的面积很小，有一个尖顶的小屋屋顶，没有什么可看的，周围的泥土升高了五英尺，就像堆肥一样。
The roof was the soundest part, though a good deal warped and made brittle by the sun.
屋顶是最坚固的部分，尽管在阳光的照射下，屋顶发生了很大程度的变形和脆化。
Door-sill there was none, but a perennial passage for the hens under the door board.
没有门槛，但门板下有一条常年供母鸡通过的通道。
Mrs. C.
C女士
came to the door and asked me to view it from the inside.
来到门口让我从里面看看。
The hens were driven in by my approach.
母鸡们被我赶了进来。
It was dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only here a board and there a board which would not bear removal.
里面很黑，大部分地板都是泥土，潮湿、湿冷、令人痛苦，只有这里一块木板、那里一块无法拆除的木板。
She lighted a lamp to show me the inside of the roof and the walls, and also that the board floor extended under the bed, warning me not to step into the cellar, a sort of dust hole two feet deep.
她点着灯，让我看到屋顶和墙壁的内部，还有床下延伸的木板地板，警告我不要踏进地窖，那是一个两英尺深的灰尘洞。
In her own words, they were “good boards overhead, good boards all around, and a good window,”—of two whole squares originally, only the cat had passed out that way lately.
用她自己的话来说，它们是“头顶上的好木板，四周都是好木板，还有一扇好窗户”——本来有整整两个正方形，最近只有猫是这样昏过去的。
There was a stove, a bed, and a place to sit, an infant in the house where it was born, a silk parasol, gilt-framed looking-glass, and a patent new coffee mill nailed to an oak sapling, all told.
房间里有一个炉子、一张床、一个坐的地方、出生的房子里有一个婴儿、一把丝绸阳伞、镀金边框的镜子，还有一个钉在橡树树苗上的专利新咖啡磨坊，所有这些。
The bargain was soon concluded, for James had in the meanwhile returned.
交易很快就完成了，因为此时詹姆斯已经回来了。
I to pay four dollars and twenty-five cents to-night, he to vacate at five to-morrow morning, selling to nobody else meanwhile: I to take possession at six.
我今晚付四美元二十五美分，他明天早上五点腾出，同时不卖给其他人：我六点占有。
It were well, he said, to be there early, and anticipate certain indistinct but wholly unjust claims on the score of ground rent and fuel.
他说，早点到那里是件好事，并预见到某些关于地租和燃料的模糊但完全不公正的索赔。
This he assured me was the only encumbrance.
他向我保证这是唯一的障碍。
At six I passed him and his family on the road.
六点钟，我在路上经过他和他的家人。
One large bundle held their all,—bed, coffee-mill, looking-glass, hens,—all but the cat, she took to the woods and became a wild cat, and, as I learned afterward, trod in a trap set for woodchucks, and so became a dead cat at last.
一大捆东西装满了它们——床、咖啡机、镜子、母鸡——除了猫之外，她走进了树林，变成了一只野猫，而且据我后来了解到，她踩进了为土拨鼠设置的陷阱，最后变成了一只死猫。
I took down this dwelling the same morning, drawing the nails, and removed it to the pond side by small cartloads, spreading the boards on the grass there to bleach and warp back again in the sun.
当天早上，我拆掉了这座住宅，拔掉了钉子，然后用小车把它运到池塘边，把木板铺在草地上，让它们在阳光下漂白并再次弯曲。
One early thrush gave me a note or two as I drove along the woodland path.
当我沿着林间小路行驶时，一只早期的画眉鸟给了我一两句话。
I was informed treacherously by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an Irishman, in the intervals of the carting, transferred the still tolerable, straight, and drivable nails, staples, and spikes to his pocket, and then stood when I came back to pass the time of day, and look freshly up, unconcerned, with spring thoughts, at the devastation; there being a dearth of work, as he said.
年轻的帕特里克奸诈地告诉我，邻居西利，一个爱尔兰人，在运货的间隙，把仍然可以忍受的、直的、可钉入的钉子、订书钉和钉子转移到他的口袋里，然后当我回来打发一天的时间时，他站起来，以清新的态度，满不在乎，带着春天的想法，看着这场灾难；正如他所说，缺乏工作。
He was there to represent spectatordom, and help make this seemingly insignificant event one with the removal of the gods of Troy.
他在那里代表了观众，并帮助使这一看似微不足道的事件与消灭特洛伊诸神的事件成为一体。
I dug my cellar in the side of a hill sloping to the south, where a woodchuck had formerly dug his burrow, down through sumach and blackberry roots, and the lowest stain of vegetation, six feet square by seven deep, to a fine sand where potatoes would not freeze in any winter.
我在向南倾斜的山坡上挖了地窖，以前一只土拨鼠在那里挖了洞，穿过漆树和黑莓的根，以及最低的植被，六英尺见方，七英尺深，直到细沙，土豆在任何冬天都不会结冰。
The sides were left shelving, and not stoned; but the sun having never shone on them, the sand still keeps its place.
两边都留着架子，没有用石头堆砌。但阳光从未照耀过它们，沙子仍然保留在原处。
It was but two hours’ work.
这不过是两个小时的工作。
I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost all latitudes men dig into the earth for an equable temperature.
我对这次破土动工感到特别高兴，因为几乎在所有纬度地区，人们都在地下挖掘以保持均匀的温度。
Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they store their roots as of old, and long after the superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent in the earth.
在这座城市最华丽的房子下面，仍然可以找到他们从前储存根的地窖，在上层建筑消失很久之后，后人评论说它在地球上留下了凹痕。
The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow.
房子仍然只是洞穴入口处的一个门廊。
At length, in the beginning of May, with the help of some of my acquaintances, rather to improve so good an occasion for neighborliness than from any necessity, I set up the frame of my house.
最后，五月初，在一些熟人的帮助下，与其说是出于必要，倒不如说是为了增进睦邻友好，我把房子的框架搭建起来了。
No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I.
没有人比我更受其养育者品格的尊敬。
They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day.
我相信，他们注定有一天会帮助建造更高的建筑。
I began to occupy my house on the 4th of July, as soon as it was boarded and roofed, for the boards were carefully feather-edged and lapped, so that it was perfectly impervious to rain; but before boarding I laid the foundation of a chimney at one end, bringing two cartloads of stones up the hill from the pond in my arms.
7 月 4 日，我的房子一装好木板、盖上屋顶，就开始入住，因为木板的边缘都经过仔细的羽毛边缘和研磨，因此完全不会被雨水浸透。但在登船之前，我在烟囱的一端打好了地基，怀里从池塘里搬了两车石头上山。
I built the chimney after my hoeing in the fall, before a fire became necessary for warmth, doing my cooking in the mean while out of doors on the ground, early in the morning: which mode I still think is in some respects more convenient and agreeable than the usual one.
秋天锄地后，在需要生火取暖之前，我建造了烟囱，同时一大早就在户外的地面上做饭：我仍然认为这种方式在某些方面比通常的方式更方便和愉快。
When it stormed before my bread was baked, I fixed a few boards over the fire, and sat under them to watch my loaf, and passed some pleasant hours in that way.
当我的面包烤好之前，下起了暴风雨，我在火上架了几块木板，坐在它们下面看我的面包，就这样度过了一些愉快的时光。
In those days, when my hands were much employed, I read but little, but the least scraps of paper which lay on the ground, my holder, or tablecloth, afforded me as much entertainment, in fact answered the same purpose as the Iliad.
在那些日子里，当我的双手被大量使用时，我读的很少，但是地上、我的支架或桌布上的最小纸片给我带来了同样多的娱乐，事实上，与《伊利亚特》达到了相同的目的。
It would be worth the while to build still more deliberately than I did, considering, for instance, what foundation a door, a window, a cellar, a garret, have in the nature of man, and perchance never raising any superstructure until we found a better reason for it than our temporal necessities even.
比我更谨慎地建造是值得的，例如，考虑到一扇门、一扇窗户、一个地窖、一间阁楼在人性中的基础是什么，也许永远不会建造任何上层建筑，直到我们找到比我们的暂时需要更好的理由。
There is some of the same fitness in a man’s building his own house that there is in a bird’s building its own nest.
人建造自己的房子与鸟儿建造自己的巢具有相同的适应性。
Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged?
谁知道，如果人们用自己的双手建造自己的住所，并简单而诚实地为自己和家人提供食物，诗意的能力就会普遍发展，就像鸟儿在如此忙碌时普遍唱歌一样？
But alas!
但唉！
we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes.
我们确实喜欢牛鹂和杜鹃，它们把蛋产在其他鸟筑的巢里，用它们叽叽喳喳的、毫无音乐性的音符给任何旅行者带来欢乐。
Shall we forever resign the pleasure of construction to the carpenter?
难道我们要永远把建造的乐趣交给木匠吗？
What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men?
建筑对于大众的经验意味着什么？
I never in all my walks came across a man engaged in so simple and natural an occupation as building his house.
在我的所有散步中，我从未遇到过一个人从事像建造房子这样简单而自然的职业。
We belong to the community.
我们属于社区。
It is not the tailor alone who is the ninth part of a man; it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer.
不仅仅是裁缝才是男人的第九部分；裁缝也是男人的第九部分。传教士、商人和农民也是如此。
Where is this division of labor to end?
这种分工的终点在哪里？
and what object does it finally serve?
它最终服务于什么目的？
No doubt another _may_ also think for me; but it is not therefore desirable that he should do so to the exclusion of my thinking for myself.
毫无疑问，另一个_可能_也会为我着想；但因此，他这样做而排除我对自己的思考是不可取的。
True, there are architects so called in this country, and I have heard of one at least possessed with the idea of making architectural ornaments have a core of truth, a necessity, and hence a beauty, as if it were a revelation to him.
确实，这个国家有所谓的建筑师，我听说有一位至少拥有让建筑装饰具有真理核心、必要性和美感的想法，就好像这对他来说是一种启示。
All very well perhaps from his point of view, but only a little better than the common dilettantism.
从他的角度来看，也许一切都很好，但只比普通的业余爱好者好一点点。
A sentimental reformer in architecture, he began at the cornice, not at the foundation.
作为一位感伤的建筑改革者，他从檐口开始，而不是从地基开始。
It was only how to put a core of truth within the ornaments, that every sugar plum in fact might have an almond or caraway seed in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar,—and not how the inhabitant, the indweller, might build truly within and without, and let the ornaments take care of themselves.
只是如何将真理的核心放入装饰品中，即每个糖梅实际上都可能含有杏仁或香菜籽，尽管我认为杏仁不加糖是最有益健康的，而不是居住者，居住者如何在内部和外部真正建造，并让装饰品照顾自己。
What reasonable man ever supposed that ornaments were something outward and in the skin merely,—that the tortoise got his spotted shell, or the shellfish its mother-o’-pearl tints, by such a contract as the inhabitants of Broadway their Trinity Church?
哪个理智的人会认为装饰品仅仅是外在的、在皮肤上的东西——乌龟得到了有斑点的贝壳，或者贝类得到了珍珠母的色彩，通过这样的合同，就像百老汇三一教堂的居民一样？
But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard.
但是，一个人与他房屋的建筑风格的关系并不比乌龟与它的壳的关系更大：士兵也不需要闲着去试图在他的标准上准确地描绘出他的美德的颜色。
The enemy will find it out.
敌人会发现的。
He may turn pale when the trial comes.
当审判到来时，他可能会脸色苍白。
This man seemed to me to lean over the cornice, and timidly whisper his half truth to the rude occupants who really knew it better than he.
在我看来，这个人似乎靠在檐口上，胆怯地向那些比他更了解这一点的粗鲁住户低声说着半真半假的事实。
What of architectural beauty I now see, I know has gradually grown from within outward, out of the necessities and character of the indweller, who is the only builder,—out of some unconscious truthfulness, and nobleness, without ever a thought for the appearance and whatever additional beauty of this kind is destined to be produced will be preceded by a like unconscious beauty of life.
我现在所看到的建筑美，我知道是逐渐从内部向外生长的，源于居住者的必需品和性格，而居住者是唯一的建造者，源于某种无意识的真实性和高贵性，而不考虑外观，无论这种额外的美注定会产生什么，在它之前都会有一种类似的无意识的生活美。
The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surfaces merely, which makes them _picturesque;_ and equally interesting will be the citizen’s suburban box, when his life shall be as simple and as agreeable to the imagination, and there is as little straining after effect in the style of his dwelling.
正如画家所知，这个国家最有趣的住宅通常是穷人最朴实、简陋的木屋和小屋；正是居民的生活，他们的外壳，而不是表面上的任何特殊性，才使它们“风景如画”；同样有趣的是，公民的郊区盒子，当他的生活将像想象中一样简单和愉快时，他的住宅风格也不会产生任何紧张的影响。
A great proportion of architectural ornaments are literally hollow, and a September gale would strip them off, like borrowed plumes, without injury to the substantials.
很大一部分建筑装饰实际上是空心的，九月的大风会将它们剥落，就像借来的羽毛一样，而不会损坏实体。
They can do without _architecture_ who have no olives nor wines in the cellar.
他们可以没有_建筑_，因为地窖里没有橄榄，也没有葡萄酒。
What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do?
如果文学中的风格装饰也受到同样的关注，而我们圣经的建筑师像我们教堂的建筑师一样在飞檐上花费同样多的时间呢？
So are made the _belles-lettres_ and the _beaux-arts_ and their professors.
文学界、美术界及其教授也是如此。
Much it concerns a man, forsooth, how a few sticks are slanted over him or under him, and what colors are daubed upon his box.
当然，这在很大程度上关系到一个人，如何在他的上方或下方倾斜几根棍子，以及在他的盒子上涂抹什么颜色。
It would signify somewhat, if, in any earnest sense, _he_ slanted them and daubed it; but the spirit having departed out of the tenant, it is of a piece with constructing his own coffin,—the architecture of the grave, and “carpenter” is but another name for “coffin-maker.” One man says, in his despair or indifference to life, take up a handful of the earth at your feet, and paint your house that color.
如果，从任何认真的意义上来说，她把它们倾斜并涂抹的话，这会有点意义；但灵魂离开了佃户的身体，就与建造自己的棺材——坟墓的建筑——成为一体了，而“木匠”只是“棺材制造者”的别称。一个人说，在他绝望或对生活漠不关心的时候，拿起你脚下的一把土，把你的房子漆成这种颜色。
Is he thinking of his last and narrow house?
他在想他最后一间狭窄的房子吗？
Toss up a copper for it as well.
也为它扔一块铜。
What an abundance of leisure he must have!
他一定有多么丰富的闲暇啊！
Why do you take up a handful of dirt?
为什么要抓起一把泥土？
Better paint your house your own complexion; let it turn pale or blush for you.
最好把你的房子漆成你自己的肤色；让它为你变白或变红。
An enterprise to improve the style of cottage architecture!
一家提升山寨建筑风格的企业！
When you have got my ornaments ready I will wear them.
当你把我的装饰品准备好后，我就戴上它们。
Before winter I built a chimney, and shingled the sides of my house, which were already impervious to rain, with imperfect and sappy shingles made of the first slice of the log, whose edges I was obliged to straighten with a plane.
冬天之前，我建了一个烟囱，用第一片原木制成的不完美且多汁的木瓦，在房子的两侧铺上了木瓦，这些木瓦已经防雨了，我不得不用刨子将其边缘拉直。
I have thus a tight shingled and plastered house, ten feet wide by fifteen long, and eight-feet posts, with a garret and a closet, a large window on each side, two trap doors, one door at the end, and a brick fireplace opposite.
这样，我就有了一座紧实的木瓦和灰泥房子，十英尺宽，十五英尺长，柱子高八英尺，有一个阁楼和一个壁橱，每一侧都有一个大窗户，两扇活板门，最后一扇门，对面有一个砖砌壁炉。
The exact cost of my house, paying the usual price for such materials as I used, but not counting the work, all of which was done by myself, was as follows; and I give the details because very few are able to tell exactly what their houses cost, and fewer still, if any, the separate cost of the various materials which compose them:—
我的房子的确切成本（按我使用的材料的通常价格计算，但不包括所有这些工作都是我自己完成的）如下：我之所以提供详细信息，是因为很少有人能够准确说出他们的房屋的成本，而且更少（如果有的话）能够说出组成房屋的各种材料的单独成本：
Boards..........................
板......................................
$ 8.03½, mostly shanty boards.
8.03½ 美元，大部分是棚户区板。
Refuse shingles for roof sides,..
屋顶侧面的垃圾木瓦，..
4.00 Laths,...........................
4.00 板条，......................
1.25 Two second-hand windows with glass,...................
1.25 两扇二手玻璃窗，......................
2.43 One thousand old brick,..........
2.43 一千块老砖，…………
4.00 Two casks of lime,...............
4.00 两桶石灰，......................
2.40 That was high.
2.40 这个数字很高。
Hair,............................
头发……………………
0.31 More than I needed.
0.31 比我需要的多。
Mantle-tree iron,................
地幔树铁.......
0.15 Nails,...........................
0.15 钉子……………………
3.90 Hinges and screws,...............
3.90 铰链和螺丝，............
0.14 Latch,...........................
0.14 锁存器......................................
0.10 Chalk,...........................
0.10 粉笔，.................................
0.01 Transportation,..................
0.01 交通......................
1.40 I carried a good part ———— on my back.
1.40 我背着一个很好的部件————。
In all,.....................
总而言之，......................
$28.12½
$28.12½ 美元
These are all the materials excepting the timber stones and sand, which I claimed by squatter’s right.
这些都是除了木石和沙子之外的所有材料，我以占屋者的权利主张这些。
I have also a small wood-shed adjoining, made chiefly of the stuff which was left after building the house.
毗邻我还有一个小木棚，主要是用建房子后剩下的东西建造的。
I intend to build me a house which will surpass any on the main street in Concord in grandeur and luxury, as soon as it pleases me as much and will cost me no more than my present one.
我打算为自己建造一座房子，它的宏伟和豪华将超过康科德大街上的任何房子，只要它让我同样高兴，并且花费不超过我现在的房子。
I thus found that the student who wishes for a shelter can obtain one for a lifetime at an expense not greater than the rent which he now pays annually.
因此，我发现希望获得庇护所的学生可以终生获得庇护所，而费用不高于他现在每年支付的租金。
If I seem to boast more than is becoming, my excuse is that I brag for humanity rather than for myself; and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement.
如果我似乎夸夸其谈，那么我的借口是，我是在为人性而不是为自己而夸耀。我的缺点和不一致并不影响我陈述的真实性。
Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney.
尽管有很多虚伪和伪善——我发现很难将这些谷壳与我的麦子分开，但我和任何人一样对此感到抱歉——我将在这方面自由呼吸并伸展自己，这对道德和身体系统来说都是一种解脱；我决心不因谦卑而成为魔鬼的辩护人。
I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth.
我会努力为真理说好话。
At Cambridge College the mere rent of a student’s room, which is only a little larger than my own, is thirty dollars each year, though the corporation had the advantage of building thirty-two side by side and under one roof, and the occupant suffers the inconvenience of many and noisy neighbors, and perhaps a residence in the fourth story.
在剑桥学院，学生房间的租金只比我自己的房间大一点点，每年的租金是三十美元，尽管公司拥有在一个屋顶下并排建造三十二间房间的优势，而且居住者会遭受许多吵闹的邻居的不便，而且也许是在四楼的住宅。
I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish.
我不得不想，如果我们在这些方面有更多真正的智慧，不仅需要更少的教育，因为实际上我们已经获得了更多的教育，而且接受教育的金钱费用也会在很大程度上消失。
Those conveniences which the student requires at Cambridge or elsewhere cost him or somebody else ten times as great a sacrifice of life as they would with proper management on both sides.
学生在剑桥或其他地方所需要的便利使他或其他人付出的生命牺牲是双方妥善管理的十倍。
Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants.
那些需要最多钱的东西从来都不是学生最想要的东西。
Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made.
例如，学费是账单中的一个重要项目，而他通过与同时代最有教养的人交往而获得的更有价值的教育却是免费的。
The mode of founding a college is, commonly, to get up a subscription of dollars and cents, and then following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection,—to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, while the students that are to be are said to be fitting themselves for it; and for these oversights successive generations have to pay.
建立一所大学的方式通常是，筹集美元和美分的捐款，然后盲目地遵循分工原则到极致，这是一个必须谨慎行事的原则，否则永远不应该遵循——请一个承包商，他将此事作为投机的主题，他雇用爱尔兰人或其他工作人员来实际打地基，而学生则被认为是适合它的；一代又一代的人必须为这些疏忽付出代价。
I think that it would be _better than this_, for the students, or those who desire to be benefited by it, even to lay the foundation themselves.
我认为，对于学生，或者那些希望从中受益的人来说，甚至自己打基础，都会比这更好。
The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful.
那些通过系统地逃避人类所必需的劳动来获得梦寐以求的闲暇和退休生活的学生，得到的只是一种不光彩且无利可图的闲暇，欺骗了自己，使自己失去了使闲暇富有成果的经验。
“But,” says one, “you do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their heads?” I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which he might think a good deal like that; I mean that they should not _play_ life, or _study_ it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly _live_ it from beginning to end.
“但是，”一位人士说道，“你不是说学生应该用手而不是头去上班吗？”我的意思并不完全是这样，但我的意思是他可能经常这么认为；我的意思是，当社区支持他们玩这个昂贵的游戏时，他们不应该仅仅“玩”生活，或仅仅“研究”它，而是从头到尾认真地“生活”它。
How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living?
年轻人如何能比立即尝试生活实验更好地学习生活呢？
Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics.
我认为这会像数学一样锻炼他们的思维。
If I wished a boy to know something about the arts and sciences, for instance, I would not pursue the common course, which is merely to send him into the neighborhood of some professor, where any thing is professed and practised but the art of life;—to survey the world through a telescope or a microscope, and never with his natural eye; to study chemistry, and not learn how his bread is made, or mechanics, and not learn how it is earned; to discover new satellites to Neptune, and not detect the motes in his eyes, or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or to be devoured by the monsters that swarm all around him, while contemplating the monsters in a drop of vinegar.
例如，如果我希望一个男孩了解一些关于艺术和科学的知识，我不会采取普通的做法，即仅仅把他送到某个教授的附近，那里除了生活的艺术之外什么都可以教授和实践；通过望远镜或显微镜来观察世界，而不是用他的肉眼；通过望远镜或显微镜来观察世界，而不是用他的肉眼；学习化学，而不是学习面包是如何制作的；学习机械，而不是学习面包是如何挣来的；发现海王星的新卫星，却没有发现他眼中的微粒，或者他自己是一颗卫星的流浪汉；或者被周围蜂拥而至的怪物吞噬，同时在一滴醋中凝视着怪物。
Which would have advanced the most at the end of a month,—the boy who had made his own jackknife from the ore which he had dug and smelted, reading as much as would be necessary for this,—or the boy who had attended the lectures on metallurgy at the Institute in the mean while, and had received a Rodgers’ penknife from his father?
哪个男孩在月底时进步最大，是用自己挖掘和熔炼的矿石制作了自己的折叠刀，并为此阅读了尽可能多的书，还是同时参加了研究所的冶金讲座并从父亲那里收到一把罗杰斯小刀的男孩？
Which would be most likely to cut his fingers?...
哪个最有可能割伤手指？...
To my astonishment I was informed on leaving college that I had studied navigation!—why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it.
令我惊讶的是，我在离开大学时被告知我学过航海！——为什么，如果我沿着港口转一圈，我应该对它有更多了解。
Even the _poor_ student studies and is taught only _political_ economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges.
即使是贫穷的学生也只学习和教授政治经济学，而与哲学同义的生活经济在我们的大学里甚至没有被真诚地教授。
The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably.
结果是，当他阅读亚当·斯密、李嘉图和萨伊的著作时，他的父亲却负债累累，无法挽回。
As with our colleges, so with a hundred “modern improvements”; there is an illusion about them; there is not always a positive advance.
就像我们的大学一样，有一百个“现代改进”；对他们有一种幻觉；并不总是有积极的进展。
The devil goes on exacting compound interest to the last for his early share and numerous succeeding investments in them.
魔鬼一直在为他的早期股份和随后的大量投资收取复利，直到最后。
Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things.
我们的发明通常是漂亮的玩具，它们会分散我们对严肃事物的注意力。
They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already but too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York.
它们只是为了达到未改进的目的而改进的手段，而这个目的本来就很容易达到。因为铁路通向波士顿或纽约。
We are in great haste to construct a magnetic telegraph from Maine to Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate.
我们正急忙建造一条从缅因州到德克萨斯州的磁电报机；但缅因州和德克萨斯州可能没有什么重要的交流内容。
Either is in such a predicament as the man who was earnest to be introduced to a distinguished deaf woman, but when he was presented, and one end of her ear trumpet was put into his hand, had nothing to say.
要么是陷入这样的困境，就像一个男人诚心诚意地想把一位杰出的聋哑女人介绍给他，但当他被介绍给他时，她的耳喇叭的一端放在他手里，却无话可说。
As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly.
好像主要目标是说得快，而不是说得理智。
We are eager to tunnel under the Atlantic and bring the old world some weeks nearer to the new; but perchance the first news that will leak through into the broad, flapping American ear will be that the Princess Adelaide has the whooping cough.
我们渴望在大西洋下挖掘隧道，让旧世界距离新世界更近几周；但可能第一个传到美国人耳朵里的消息就是阿德莱德公主得了百日咳。
After all, the man whose horse trots a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages; he is not an evangelist, nor does he come round eating locusts and wild honey.
毕竟，骑马一分钟跑一英里的人并没有携带最重要的信息；他不是传福音的人，也不是来吃蝗虫和野蜜的。
I doubt if Flying Childers ever carried a peck of corn to mill.
我怀疑“飞翔的孩子”是否曾运过一配克玉米去磨坊。
One says to me, “I wonder that you do not lay up money; you love to travel; you might take the cars and go to Fitchburg to-day and see the country.” But I am wiser than that.
有人对我说：“我想知道你不存钱；你喜欢旅行；你今天可能会开车去菲奇堡看看这个国家。”但我比那更聪明。
I have learned that the swiftest traveller is he that goes afoot.
我了解到最快的旅行者是步行的人。
I say to my friend, Suppose we try who will get there first.
我对我的朋友说，假设我们试试看谁先到达那里。
The distance is thirty miles; the fare ninety cents.
距离是三十英里；票价九十美分。
That is almost a day’s wages.
这差不多是一天的工资了。
I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road.
我记得那时这条路上的工人的工资是每天六十美分。
Well, I start now on foot, and get there before night; I have travelled at that rate by the week together.
好吧，我现在步行出发，并在天黑前到达那里。我每周都以这个速度旅行。
You will in the mean while have earned your fare, and arrive there some time to-morrow, or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season.
与此同时，您将赢得车费，并在明天某个时间到达那里，或者可能在今天晚上到达那里，如果您足够幸运在季节里找到工作的话。
Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day.
您一天的大部分时间都在这里工作，而不是去菲奇堡。
And so, if the railroad reached round the world, I think that I should keep ahead of you; and as for seeing the country and getting experience of that kind, I should have to cut your acquaintance altogether.
所以，如果铁路能够环游世界，我想我应该走在你的前面；至于去看看这个国家并获得那种经验，我应该和你彻底断绝关系。
Such is the universal law, which no man can ever outwit, and with regard to the railroad even we may say it is as broad as it is long.
这就是普遍规律，任何人都无法超越，就铁路而言，我们甚至可以说它既宽又长。
To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet.
修建一条可供全人类使用的环游世界的铁路相当于对整个地球表面进行平整。
Men have an indistinct notion that if they keep up this activity of joint stocks and spades long enough all will at length ride somewhere, in next to no time, and for nothing; but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,—and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” No doubt they can ride at last who shall have earned their fare, that is, if they survive so long, but they will probably have lost their elasticity and desire to travel by that time.
人们有一个模糊的想法，即如果他们将这种股份制和黑桃式的活动保持足够长的时间，那么所有人最终都会到达某个地方，几乎很快，而且是免费的；尽管人群涌向车站，售票员喊道：“全体上车！”当烟雾被吹散，水蒸气凝结时，人们会发现有几个人在骑马，但其余的人都被碾过——这将被称为，也将是“一场令人悲伤的事故”。毫无疑问，如果他们能活这么久，他们最终就能骑车了，但到那时他们可能已经失去了旅行的弹性和欲望。
This spending of the best part of one’s life earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the least valuable part of it, reminds me of the Englishman who went to India to make a fortune first, in order that he might return to England and live the life of a poet.
这种把一生中最美好的时光花在赚钱上，以便在最不有价值的时候享受可疑的自由，让我想起了英国人先去印度发财，以便回到英国过诗人的生活。
He should have gone up garret at once.
他应该立即上阁楼。
“What!” exclaim a million Irishmen starting up from all the shanties in the land, “is not this railroad which we have built a good thing?” Yes, I answer, _comparatively_ good, that is, you might have done worse; but I wish, as you are brothers of mine, that you could have spent your time better than digging in this dirt.
“什么！”百万爱尔兰人从全国各地的棚屋里出发，惊呼道：“我们修建的这条铁路不是一件好事吗？”是的，我回答，比较好，也就是说，你可能做得更差；但我希望，因为你们是我的兄弟，你们可以把时间花在比在这块泥土上挖掘更好的事情上。
Before I finished my house, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, I planted about two acres and a half of light and sandy soil near it chiefly with beans, but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips.
在我完成我的房子之前，希望通过一些诚实和愉快的方法赚到十或十二美元，为了满足我不寻常的开支，我在房子附近种植了大约两英亩半的轻质沙土，主要种豆子，也有一小部分种土豆、玉米、豌豆和萝卜。
The whole lot contains eleven acres, mostly growing up to pines and hickories, and was sold the preceding season for eight dollars and eight cents an acre.
整片土地占地十一英亩，大部分长满了松树和山核桃树，上一季以每英亩八美元八美分的价格出售。
One farmer said that it was “good for nothing but to raise cheeping squirrels on.” I put no manure whatever on this land, not being the owner, but merely a squatter, and not expecting to cultivate so much again, and I did not quite hoe it all once.
一位农民说，这“除了饲养叽叽喳喳的松鼠之外，没有任何好处”。我没有在这片土地上施任何肥料，我不是土地的主人，只是一个擅自占地者，并没有指望再耕种这么多，而且我一次也没有把它锄完。
I got out several cords of stumps in ploughing, which supplied me with fuel for a long time, and left small circles of virgin mould, easily distinguishable through the summer by the greater luxuriance of the beans there.
我在犁地时挖出了几根树桩，它们为我提供了很长一段时间的燃料，并留下了小圈的原始霉菌，整个夏天很容易通过那里豆子的茂盛而被辨别出来。
The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, have supplied the remainder of my fuel.
我房子后面的死木和大部分无法出售的木材，以及池塘里的浮木，提供了我剩余的燃料。
I was obliged to hire a team and a man for the ploughing, though I held the plough myself.
我不得不雇一个团队和一个人来犁地，尽管我自己拿着犁。
My farm outgoes for the first season were, for implements, seed, work, &c., $14.72½.
我第一季的农场支出（农具、种子、工作等）为 14.72½ 美元。
The seed corn was given me.
玉米种子是给我的。
This never costs anything to speak of, unless you plant more than enough.
除非你种得足够多，否则这根本不需要任何成本。
I got twelve bushels of beans, and eighteen bushels of potatoes, beside some peas and sweet corn.
我得到了十二蒲式耳的豆子，十八蒲式耳的土豆，还有一些豌豆和甜玉米。
The yellow corn and turnips were too late to come to any thing.
黄玉米和萝卜来不及了，什么也没有了。
My whole income from the farm was
我从农场获得的全部收入是
$ 23.44 Deducting the outgoes,...........
$ 23.44 扣除支出............
14.72½ ———— There are left,.................
14.72½ ———— 还剩下…………
$ 8.71½,
$8.71½，
beside produce consumed and on hand at the time this estimate was made of the value of $4.50,—the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise.
除了当时消耗的农产品和手头的农产品之外，这个估计价值为 4.50 美元——手头的数量比平衡我没有种的一点草要多得多。
All things considered, that is, considering the importance of a man’s soul and of to-day, notwithstanding the short time occupied by my experiment, nay, partly even because of its transient character, I believe that that was doing better than any farmer in Concord did that year.
考虑到所有的事情，也就是说，考虑到一个人的灵魂和今天的重要性，尽管我的实验占用的时间很短，不，部分甚至是因为它的短暂性，我相信那比康科德当年的任何农民都做得更好。
The next year I did better still, for I spaded up all the land which I required, about a third of an acre, and I learned from the experience of both years, not being in the least awed by many celebrated works on husbandry, Arthur Young among the rest, that if one would live simply and eat only the crop which he raised, and raise no more than he ate, and not exchange it for an insufficient quantity of more luxurious and expensive things, he would need to cultivate only a few rods of ground, and that it would be cheaper to spade up that than to use oxen to plough it, and to select a fresh spot from time to time than to manure the old, and he could do all his necessary farm work as it were with his left hand at odd hours in the summer; and thus he would not be tied to an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, as at present.
第二年，我做得更好，因为我铲平了我需要的所有土地，大约三分之一英亩，我从这两年的经验中了解到，对许多著名的畜牧业著作毫不敬畏，阿瑟·杨在其他人中，如果一个人生活简单，只吃他种植的庄稼，种植的作物不超过他吃的，并且不用它来交换数量不足的更豪华和更昂贵的东西，他只需要耕种几杆地，这将是铲土比用牛犁地便宜，时不时地选择一个新的地方比给旧的地方施肥便宜，而且他可以做所有必要的农活，就像在夏天的零星时间用左手做一样；因此，他不会像现在那样被拴在牛、马、牛、猪的身上。
I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements.
我希望以一个对当前经济和社会安排的成败不感兴趣的人的身份，公正地谈论这一点。
I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, for I was not anchored to a house or farm, but could follow the bent of my genius, which is a very crooked one, every moment.
我比康科德的任何农民都更加独立，因为我没有被固定在房子或农场上，而是可以跟随我的天才的倾向，这是一种非常弯曲的倾向，每时每刻。
Beside being better off than they already, if my house had been burned or my crops had failed, I should have been nearly as well off as before.
除了已经比他们过得更好之外，如果我的房子被烧毁或者我的庄稼歉收，我的生活也应该和以前一样好。
I am wont to think that men are not so much the keepers of herds as herds are the keepers of men, the former are so much the freer.
我习惯于认为，与其说人类是畜群的守护者，不如说畜群是人类的守护者，前者更加自由。
Men and oxen exchange work; but if we consider necessary work only, the oxen will be seen to have greatly the advantage, their farm is so much the larger.
人与牛交换工作；但如果我们只考虑必要的工作，就会发现牛有很大的优势，它们的农场要大得多。
Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play.
人类在六周的割草过程中完成了他的部分交换工作，这不是男孩的游戏。
Certainly no nation that lived simply in all respects, that is, no nation of philosophers, would commit so great a blunder as to use the labor of animals.
当然，任何一个在各方面都过着简单生活的民族，即任何一个哲学家的民族，都不会犯下如此大的错误，以至于使用动物的劳动。
True, there never was and is not likely soon to be a nation of philosophers, nor am I certain it is desirable that there should be.
诚然，从来没有也不可能很快出现一个哲学家的国家，我也不确定应该有一个哲学家的国家。
However, _I_ should never have broken a horse or bull and taken him to board for any work he might do for me, for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; and if society seems to be the gainer by so doing, are we certain that what is one man’s gain is not another’s loss, and that the stable-boy has equal cause with his master to be satisfied?
然而，我决不应该驯服一匹马或一头公牛，并把他带到船上去做他可能为我做的任何工作，因为我担心我会仅仅成为一名骑手或牧人；如果社会似乎通过这样做而成为受益者，那么我们是否确定一个人的收益不是另一个人的损失，并且马童和他的主人有同样的理由感到满意？
Granted that some public works would not have been constructed without this aid, and let man share the glory of such with the ox and horse; does it follow that he could not have accomplished works yet more worthy of himself in that case?
假设没有这种帮助就不可能建造一些公共工程，让人类与牛和马分享这些荣耀；在这种情况下，是否意味着他不可能完成更值得他自己的作品呢？
When men begin to do, not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few do all the exchange work with the oxen, or, in other words, become the slaves of the strongest.
当人们在他们的帮助下开始做不仅是不必要的或艺术性的工作，而且是奢侈和闲散的工作时，不可避免地会有少数人与牛进行所有的交换工作，或者换句话说，成为最强者的奴隶。
Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him.
因此，人不仅为他体内的动物工作，而且作为这一点的象征，他也为没有他的动物工作。
Though we have many substantial houses of brick or stone, the prosperity of the farmer is still measured by the degree to which the barn overshadows the house.
尽管我们有许多坚固的砖石房屋，但衡量农民富裕程度的标准仍然是谷仓对房屋的影响程度。
This town is said to have the largest houses for oxen, cows, and horses hereabouts, and it is not behindhand in its public buildings; but there are very few halls for free worship or free speech in this county.
据说这座小镇拥有附近最大的牛、牛、马的房屋，公共建筑也不落后；但这个县里很少有可以自由礼拜或自由言论的大厅。
It should not be by their architecture, but why not even by their power of abstract thought, that nations should seek to commemorate themselves?
国家不应该通过他们的建筑来纪念自己，但为什么不应该通过他们的抽象思维的力量来纪念自己呢？
How much more admirable the Bhagvat-Geeta than all the ruins of the East!
《薄伽梵歌》比东方所有的废墟要令人钦佩得多！
Towers and temples are the luxury of princes.
塔楼和寺庙是王公贵族的奢侈品。
A simple and independent mind does not toil at the bidding of any prince.
头脑简单而独立的人不会听从任何王子的吩咐。
Genius is not a retainer to any emperor, nor is its material silver, or gold, or marble, except to a trifling extent.
天才不是任何皇帝的家臣，其材料也不是银、金或大理石，除非是在很小的程度上。
To what end, pray, is so much stone hammered?
请问，锤打这么多石头是为了什么目的？
In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone.
我在阿卡迪亚的时候，并没有看到任何锤击的石头。
Nations are possessed with an insane ambition to perpetuate the memory of themselves by the amount of hammered stone they leave.
各个国家都怀有疯狂的野心，希望通过留下的大量锤击石头来永续自己的记忆。
What if equal pains were taken to smooth and polish their manners?
如果同样努力地磨练他们的举止又会怎样呢？
One piece of good sense would be more memorable than a monument as high as the moon.
一件明智的事，比一座高如月亮的纪念碑更令人难忘。
I love better to see stones in place.
我更喜欢看到石头就位。
The grandeur of Thebes was a vulgar grandeur.
底比斯的宏伟是一种庸俗的宏伟。
More sensible is a rod of stone wall that bounds an honest man’s field than a hundred-gated Thebes that has wandered farther from the true end of life.
比一座远离生命真正终点的百门底比斯更明智的是，用一根石墙来限制诚实人的田野。
The religion and civilization which are barbaric and heathenish build splendid temples; but what you might call Christianity does not.
野蛮异教的宗教和文明建造了辉煌的寺庙；但你所谓的基督教却不然。
Most of the stone a nation hammers goes toward its tomb only.
一个国家敲出的大部分石头都只用于其坟墓。
It buries itself alive.
它把自己活埋了。
As for the Pyramids, there is nothing to wonder at in them so much as the fact that so many men could be found degraded enough to spend their lives constructing a tomb for some ambitious booby, whom it would have been wiser and manlier to have drowned in the Nile, and then given his body to the dogs.
至于金字塔，没有什么比金字塔更令人惊奇的了，因为有那么多人堕落到为某个野心勃勃的鲣鸟建造坟墓的地步，如果把这些鲣鸟淹死在尼罗河里，然后把他的尸体交给狗，那就更明智、更有男子气概了。
I might possibly invent some excuse for them and him, but I have no time for it.
我或许可以为他们和他编造一些借口，但我没有时间。
As for the religion and love of art of the builders, it is much the same all the world over, whether the building be an Egyptian temple or the United States Bank.
至于建造者的宗教信仰和对艺术的热爱，世界各地都是一样的，无论是埃及神庙还是美国银行。
It costs more than it comes to.
它的成本比它所达到的要高。
The mainspring is vanity, assisted by the love of garlic and bread and butter.
主要动力是虚荣心，辅之以对大蒜、面包和黄油的热爱。
Mr. Balcom, a promising young architect, designs it on the back of his Vitruvius, with hard pencil and ruler, and the job is let out to Dobson & Sons, stonecutters.
巴尔科姆先生是一位有前途的年轻建筑师，他在他的维特鲁威雕像的背面，用硬铅笔和尺子设计了它，这项工作被交给了石匠多布森父子公司。
When the thirty centuries begin to look down on it, mankind begin to look up at it.
当三十世纪开始看不起它的时候，人类开始仰视它。
As for your high towers and monuments, there was a crazy fellow once in this town who undertook to dig through to China, and he got so far that, as he said, he heard the Chinese pots and kettles rattle; but I think that I shall not go out of my way to admire the hole which he made.
至于你们的高塔和纪念碑，这个镇上曾经有一个疯狂的家伙，他想挖到中国，他挖到了尽头，正如他所说，他听到了中国锅碗瓢盆的嘎嘎声；但我想我不会特意去欣赏他挖的洞。
Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them.
许多人关心西方和东方的纪念碑——想知道它们是谁建造的。
For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling.
就我而言，我很想知道在那些日子里谁没有建造它们——谁在这样的琐事之上。
But to proceed with my statistics.
但继续我的统计。
By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor of various other kinds in the village in the mean while, for I have as many trades as fingers, I had earned $13.34.
在此期间，我通过在村里进行测量、木工和各种其他类型的日工，因为我的手艺和手指一样多，我赚了13.34美元。
The expense of food for eight months, namely, from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering the value of what was on hand at the last date, was
八个月的食物费用，即从7月4日到3月1日，即做出这些估算的时间，尽管我在那里住了两年多，不包括我种的土豆、一点青玉米和一些豌豆，也不考虑最后一天手头上的东西的价值，
Rice,...................
稻米，......................
$ 1.73½ Molasses,................
$ 1.73½ 糖蜜.................
1.73 Cheapest form of the saccharine.
1.73 最便宜的糖精形式。
Rye meal,................
黑麦粉.......
1.04¾ Indian meal,.............
1.04¾印度餐，............
0.99¾ Cheaper than rye.
比黑麦便宜 0.99¾。
Pork,....................
猪肉，......................
0.22
0.22
All experiments which failed: Flour,...................
所有失败的实验：面粉，......................
0.88 Costs more than Indian meal, both money and trouble.
0.88 比印度餐贵，既花钱又麻烦。
Sugar,...................
糖，......................
0.80 Lard,....................
0.80 猪油......................
0.65 Apples,..................
0.65 苹果......................
0.25 Dried apple,.............
0.25 苹果干，........................
0.22 Sweet potatoes,..........
0.22 红薯，.........
0.10 One pumpkin,.............
0.10 一个南瓜，........................
0.06 One watermelon,..........
0.06 一个西瓜，......
0.02 Salt,....................
0.02 盐，......................
0.03
0.03
Yes, I did eat $8.74, all told; but I should not thus unblushingly publish my guilt, if I did not know that most of my readers were equally guilty with myself, and that their deeds would look no better in print.
是的，我总共吃了 8.74 美元；但如果我不知道我的大多数读者对我自己同样有罪，而且他们的行为在印刷品上看起来也好不到哪里去，我就不应该如此厚颜无耻地公开我的罪行。
The next year I sometimes caught a mess of fish for my dinner, and once I went so far as to slaughter a woodchuck which ravaged my bean-field,—effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say,—and devour him, partly for experiment’s sake; but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, notwithstanding a musky flavor, I saw that the longest use would not make that a good practice, however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher.
第二年，我有时会钓到一大堆鱼当晚饭，有一次，我竟然宰杀了一只蹂躏我豆田的土拨鼠——用鞑靼人的话来说，是为了实现他的轮回——然后把他吃掉，部分是为了实验；尽管它给我带来了短暂的享受，尽管有麝香的味道，但我发现使用时间最长不会使它成为一个好的做法，但它似乎已经让乡村屠夫准备好了你的土拨鼠。
Clothing and some incidental expenses within the same dates, though little can be inferred from this item, amounted to
同一日期内的服装和一些杂费，尽管从此项中无法推断出什么，但总计为
$8.40¾ Oil and some household utensils,.......
$8.40⁄4 石油和一些家庭用具，.......
2.00
2.00
So that all the pecuniary outgoes, excepting for washing and mending, which for the most part were done out of the house, and their bills have not yet been received,—and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world,—were
因此，所有的金钱支出，除了清洗和缝补之外，大部分都是在家里完成的，而且他们的账单还没有收到——而这些都是世界这一地区金钱必然支出的所有方式——都被记录下来了。
House,................................
房子............................
$ 28.12½ Farm one year,..........................
$ 28.12½ 农场一年，.................................
14.72½ Food eight months,......................
14.72½ 八个月的食物，......................
8.74 Clothing, etc., eight months,...........
8.74 服装等，八个月，.......
8.40¾ Oil, &c., eight months,.................
8.40¾ 石油等，八个月，.................
2.00 —————— In all,...........................
2.00 —————— 总而言之，……………………
$ 61.99¾
$ 61.99⁄4 美元
I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get.
我现在向那些谋生的读者致辞。
And to meet this I have for farm produce sold
为了满足这个要求，我必须出售农产品
$23.44 Earned by day-labor,...................
23.44 美元靠日工赚取，......................
13.34 —————— In all,............................
13.34 —————— 总而言之，......................................
$36.78,
36.78 美元，
which subtracted from the sum of the outgoes leaves a balance of $25.21¾ on the one side,—this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it.
从支出总额中减去，一方面剩下 25.21 3/4 美元的余额——这几乎是我开始时的手段，也是要支出的费用的衡量标准——另一方面，除了由此保证的闲暇、独立和健康之外，只要我选择居住，它对我来说就是一所舒适的房子。
These statistics, however accidental and therefore uninstructive they may appear, as they have a certain completeness, have a certain value also.
这些统计数据，无论它们看起来多么偶然，因此没有什么指导意义，因为它们具有一定的完整性，但也具有一定的价值。
Nothing was given me of which I have not rendered some account.
我所得到的一切都是我没有加以说明的。
It appears from the above estimate, that my food alone cost me in money about twenty-seven cents a week.
从上面的估计来看，仅食物一项就花费了我每周大约二十七美分。
It was, for nearly two years after this, rye and Indian meal without yeast, potatoes, rice, a very little salt pork, molasses, and salt, and my drink water.
此后近两年里，我吃的都是黑麦和印度餐，不含酵母、土豆、大米、少量咸肉、糖蜜和盐，还有我的饮用水。
It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India.
我非常喜欢印度的哲学，主要靠大米为生是很合适的。
To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements.
为了满足一些顽固的吹毛求疵者的反对意见，我不妨声明，如果我偶尔出去吃饭，就像我一直做的那样，而且我相信会有机会再次这样做，这常常会损害我的家庭安排。
But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this.
但正如我所说，外出就餐是一个恒定的因素，丝毫不会影响这样的比较陈述。
I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost incredibly little trouble to obtain one’s necessary food, even in this latitude; that a man may use as simple a diet as the animals, and yet retain health and strength.
我从两年的经验中了解到，即使在这个纬度，获得必需的食物也非常容易。人类可以像动物一样采用简单的饮食，但仍能保持健康和体力。
I have made a satisfactory dinner, satisfactory on several accounts, simply off a dish of purslane (_Portulaca oleracea_) which I gathered in my cornfield, boiled and salted.
我做了一顿令人满意的晚餐，在几个方面都令人满意，只是用一盘马齿苋（_Portulaca oleracea_），它是我在玉米地里采集的，煮沸并加盐。
I give the Latin on account of the savoriness of the trivial name.
我之所以用拉丁文，是因为这个琐碎的名字很有趣。
And pray what more can a reasonable man desire, in peaceful times, in ordinary noons, than a sufficient number of ears of green sweet-corn boiled, with the addition of salt?
祈祷一个理智的人在和平时期，在平常的中午，除了足够数量的加盐煮熟的绿色甜玉米穗之外，还能有什么更多的愿望呢？
Even the little variety which I used was a yielding to the demands of appetite, and not of health.
即使我使用的小品种也是为了满足食欲，而不是为了健康。
Yet men have come to such a pass that they frequently starve, not for want of necessaries, but for want of luxuries; and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only.
然而，人们已经到了这样的地步，他们经常挨饿，不是因为缺乏必需品，而是因为缺乏奢侈品。我认识一位好心的女士，她认为她的儿子因为只喝水而丧生。
The reader will perceive that I am treating the subject rather from an economic than a dietetic point of view, and he will not venture to put my abstemiousness to the test unless he has a well-stocked larder.
读者会意识到我是从经济学而不是饮食的角度来处理这个问题的，除非他有一个库存充足的食品储藏室，否则他不会冒险考验我的节制程度。
Bread I at first made of pure Indian meal and salt, genuine hoe-cakes, which I baked before my fire out of doors on a shingle or the end of a stick of timber sawed off in building my house; but it was wont to get smoked and to have a piny flavor.
我最初用纯印度粉和盐做面包，真正的锄头饼，我在户外的火前烘烤木瓦或建房子时锯下的一根木棍的末端；但它习惯于被熏制并且有松木味。
I tried flour also; but have at last found a mixture of rye and Indian meal most convenient and agreeable.
我也尝试过面粉；但最后发现黑麦和印度餐的混合物最方便、最美味。
In cold weather it was no little amusement to bake several small loaves of this in succession, tending and turning them as carefully as an Egyptian his hatching eggs.
在寒冷的天气里，连续烤几个小面包是一件不小的乐趣，像埃及人孵化鸡蛋一样小心地照顾和翻转它们。
They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, which I kept in as long as possible by wrapping them in cloths.
它们是我成熟的真正的谷类水果，我感觉它们有一种像其他高贵水果一样的香味，我用布包裹它们，尽可能长时间地保留这种香味。
I made a study of the ancient and indispensable art of bread-making, consulting such authorities as offered, going back to the primitive days and first invention of the unleavened kind, when from the wildness of nuts and meats men first reached the mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies through that accidental souring of the dough which, it is supposed, taught the leavening process, and through the various fermentations thereafter, till I came to “good, sweet, wholesome bread,” the staff of life.
我研究了古老而不可或缺的面包制作艺术，咨询了相关权威人士，追溯到原始时代和无酵面包的首次发明，当时人们从野生的坚果和肉类中首次达到了这种饮食的温和和精致，并在我的研究中逐渐深入，通过面团的意外酸化，据说，它教会了发酵过程，并通过此后的各种发酵，直到我得到了“优质、甜美、有益健康的面包”，这是生活的支柱。
Leaven, which some deem the soul of bread, the _spiritus_ which fills its cellular tissue, which is religiously preserved like the vestal fire,—some precious bottle-full, I suppose, first brought over in the Mayflower, did the business for America, and its influence is still rising, swelling, spreading, in cerealian billows over the land,—this seed I regularly and faithfully procured from the village, till at length one morning I forgot the rules, and scalded my yeast; by which accident I discovered that even this was not indispensable,—for my discoveries were not by the synthetic but analytic process,—and I have gladly omitted it since, though most housewives earnestly assured me that safe and wholesome bread without yeast might not be, and elderly people prophesied a speedy decay of the vital forces.
酵母，有些人认为面包的灵魂，充满细胞组织的精神，像维斯塔之火一样被虔诚地保存着——我想，是某种珍贵的瓶子，首先是在五月花号上运来的，为美国做了生意，它的影响力仍在上升、膨胀、传播，在谷物的波浪中蔓延到这片土地上——我经常从村子里忠实地采购这种种子，直到有一天早上我忘记了规则，烫伤了我的酵母；偶然间，我发现这也不是必不可少的——因为我的发现不是通过合成过程，而是通过分析过程——从那以后我很高兴地省略了它，尽管大多数家庭主妇都诚恳地向我保证，没有酵母的面包可能不会安全和健康，而且老年人预言生命力会迅速衰退。
Yet I find it not to be an essential ingredient, and after going without it for a year am still in the land of the living; and I am glad to escape the trivialness of carrying a bottle-full in my pocket, which would sometimes pop and discharge its contents to my discomfiture.
但我发现它不是必需的成分，在没有它一年之后，我仍然生活在生者的土地上；我很高兴摆脱了口袋里装满瓶子的琐事，有时瓶子会弹出并排出里面的东西，让我感到不安。
It is simpler and more respectable to omit it.
省略它更简单，也更受人尊重。
Man is an animal who more than any other can adapt himself to all climates and circumstances.
人是一种比其他动物更能适应各种气候和环境的动物。
Neither did I put any sal soda, or other acid or alkali, into my bread.
我也没有在面包中加入任何萨尔苏打水或其他酸或碱。
It would seem that I made it according to the recipe which Marcus Porcius Cato gave about two centuries before Christ.
看来我是按照马库斯·波丘斯·卡托（Marcus Porcius Cato）在基督之前大约两个世纪给出的食谱做的。
“Panem depsticium sic facito.
“Panem depsticium sic facito。
Manus mortariumque bene lavato.
Manus mortariumque bene lavato。
Farinam in mortarium indito, aquæ paulatim addito, subigitoque pulchre.
Farinam in mortarium indito, aquæ paulatim addito, subigitoque pulchre。
Ubi bene subegeris, defingito, coquitoque sub testu.” Which I take to mean—“Make kneaded bread thus.
Ubi bene subegeris, defingito, coquitoque sub testu。”我的意思是——“这样揉捏面包。
Wash your hands and trough well.
彻底清洗双手和食槽。
Put the meal into the trough, add water gradually, and knead it thoroughly.
将饭放入槽中，逐渐加水，揉匀。
When you have kneaded it well, mould it, and bake it under a cover,” that is, in a baking-kettle.
揉好后，将其成型，然后盖上盖子烘烤，即在烤锅中烘烤。
Not a word about leaven.
没有提到酵母。
But I did not always use this staff of life.
但我并不总是使用这根生命杖。
At one time, owing to the emptiness of my purse, I saw none of it for more than a month.
有一次，由于钱包空空，我有一个多月没有看到任何东西。
Every New Englander might easily raise all his own breadstuffs in this land of rye and Indian corn, and not depend on distant and fluctuating markets for them.
每个新英格兰人都可以在这片黑麦和印度玉米的土地上轻松种植自己的所有面包，而不必依赖遥远且波动的市场。
Yet so far are we from simplicity and independence that, in Concord, fresh and sweet meal is rarely sold in the shops, and hominy and corn in a still coarser form are hardly used by any.
然而，我们离简单和独立还很远，在康科德，商店里很少出售新鲜和甜的食物，而且更粗的玉米粥和玉米也几乎没有人使用。
For the most part the farmer gives to his cattle and hogs the grain of his own producing, and buys flour, which is at least no more wholesome, at a greater cost, at the store.
大多数情况下，农民将自己生产的谷物喂给他的牛和猪，并在商店以更高的价格购买面粉，这些面粉至少并不更健康。
I saw that I could easily raise my bushel or two of rye and Indian corn, for the former will grow on the poorest land, and the latter does not require the best, and grind them in a hand-mill, and so do without rice and pork; and if I must have some concentrated sweet, I found by experiment that I could make a very good molasses either of pumpkins or beets, and I knew that I needed only to set out a few maples to obtain it more easily still, and while these were growing I could use various substitutes beside those which I have named.
我发现我可以轻松地种植一两蒲式耳的黑麦和印度玉米，因为前者会生长在最贫穷的土地上，而后者不需要最好的，并且可以在手磨机中将它们磨碎，因此不需要大米和猪肉；如果我必须有一些浓缩糖，我通过实验发现我可以用南瓜或甜菜制作非常好的糖蜜，而且我知道我只需要放置一些枫树就可以更容易地获得它，当这些枫树生长时，我可以使用除了我命名的那些之外的各种替代品。
“For,” as the Forefathers sang,—
正如祖先们所唱的那样，“因为”——
“we can make liquor to sweeten our lips Of pumpkins and parsnips and walnut-tree chips.”
“我们可以用南瓜、防风草和核桃树片酿造酒来让我们的嘴唇变甜。”
Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, to obtain this might be a fit occasion for a visit to the seashore, or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water.
最后，至于盐，这种最粗俗的杂货，要获得它可能是去海边的合适机会，或者，如果我完全不吃盐，我可能应该少喝水。
I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it.
我不知道印第安人曾费尽心力去追求它。
Thus I could avoid all trade and barter, so far as my food was concerned, and having a shelter already, it would only remain to get clothing and fuel.
这样我就可以避免一切贸易和易货贸易，就我的食物而言，有了住所，只剩下衣服和燃料了。
The pantaloons which I now wear were woven in a farmer’s family,—thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer;—and in a new country, fuel is an encumbrance.
我现在穿的马裤是农家织的——谢天谢地，人还有那么多美德；因为我认为从农民到操作员的堕落与从男人到农民的堕落一样伟大和令人难忘；——在一个新的国家，燃料是一种负担。
As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold—namely, eight dollars and eight cents.
至于栖息地，如果不让我继续占地的话，我可能会以我耕种的土地出售价格相同的价格购买一英亩，即八块八分。
But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it.
但事实上，我认为我通过侵占土地提高了土地的价值。
There is a certain class of unbelievers who sometimes ask me such questions as, if I think that I can live on vegetable food alone; and to strike at the root of the matter at once,—for the root is faith,—I am accustomed to answer such, that I can live on board nails.
有一类不信者有时会问我这样的问题：我是否认为我可以只靠植物性食物生活？并立即解决问题的根源，因为根源是信仰，我习惯于这样回答，我可以生活在钉子上。
If they cannot understand that, they cannot understand much that I have to say.
如果他们不能理解这一点，他们就无法理解我要说的很多内容。
For my part, I am glad to hear of experiments of this kind being tried; as that a young man tried for a fortnight to live on hard, raw corn on the ear, using his teeth for all mortar.
就我而言，我很高兴听到正在进行此类实验。一个年轻人尝试了两周的时间，靠着坚硬的生玉米穗生活，用他的牙齿作为一切砂浆。
The squirrel tribe tried the same and succeeded.
松鼠部落也做了同样的尝试并成功了。
The human race is interested in these experiments, though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed.
人类对这些实验很感兴趣，尽管一些无法进行这些实验的老妇人，或者在工厂拥有三分之一的人，可能会感到震惊。
My furniture, part of which I made myself, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, consisted of a bed, a table, a desk, three chairs, a looking-glass three inches in diameter, a pair of tongs and andirons, a kettle, a skillet, and a frying-pan, a dipper, a wash-bowl, two knives and forks, three plates, one cup, one spoon, a jug for oil, a jug for molasses, and a japanned lamp.
我的家具，其中一部分是我自己做的，其余的都是我没有花费的，包括一张床、一张桌子、一张写字台、三把椅子、一个直径三英寸的镜子、一对钳子和熨斗、一个水壶、一个煎锅、一个煎锅、一个勺子、一个洗碗、两个刀叉、三个盘子、一个杯子、一个勺子、一个油壶、一个油壶。糖蜜和一盏日本灯。
None is so poor that he need sit on a pumpkin.
没有人穷到需要坐在南瓜上。
That is shiftlessness.
这就是无懈可击。
There is a plenty of such chairs as I like best in the village garrets to be had for taking them away.
村里的阁楼里有很多我最喜欢的这样的椅子，可以把它们拿走。
Furniture!
家具！
Thank God, I can sit and I can stand without the aid of a furniture warehouse.
感谢上帝，我可以坐着，也可以站着，不需要家具仓库的帮助。
What man but a philosopher would not be ashamed to see his furniture packed in a cart and going up country exposed to the light of heaven and the eyes of men, a beggarly account of empty boxes?
除了哲学家之外，还有谁会看到自己的家具被装进马车，运往乡村，暴露在天国之光和世人的目光下，看到空盒子的可怜的描述，会不会感到羞耻呢？
That is Spaulding’s furniture.
那是斯波尔丁的家具。
I could never tell from inspecting such a load whether it belonged to a so called rich man or a poor one; the owner always seemed poverty-stricken.
我根本无法通过检查这样的货物来判断它是属于所谓的富人还是穷人。主人总是显得很贫穷。
Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are.
事实上，你拥有的东西越多，你就越穷。
Each load looks as if it contained the contents of a dozen shanties; and if one shanty is poor, this is a dozen times as poor.
每包货物看起来都像是十几个棚屋里的东西；如果一个棚屋很穷，那么这个棚屋就穷十倍。
Pray, for what do we _move_ ever but to get rid of our furniture, our _exuviæ_; at last to go from this world to another newly furnished, and leave this to be burned?
祈祷，除了扔掉我们的家具、我们的旧物之外，我们还能做什么？最后从这个世界到另一个新装修的世界，然后把这个世界烧掉？
It is the same as if all these traps were buckled to a man’s belt, and he could not move over the rough country where our lines are cast without dragging them,—dragging his trap.
就好像所有这些陷阱都扣在一个人的腰带上一样，他无法在不拖着我们的线的崎岖乡村移动——拖着他的陷阱。
He was a lucky fox that left his tail in the trap.
他是一只幸运的狐狸，把尾巴留在了陷阱里。
The muskrat will gnaw his third leg off to be free.
麝香鼠会咬掉他的第三条腿来获得自由。
No wonder man has lost his elasticity.
难怪人失去了弹性。
How often he is at a dead set!
他常常陷入困境！
“Sir, if I may be so bold, what do you mean by a dead set?” If you are a seer, whenever you meet a man you will see all that he owns, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, behind him, even to his kitchen furniture and all the trumpery which he saves and will not burn, and he will appear to be harnessed to it and making what headway he can.
“先生，如果我可以这么大胆的话，您所说的死心塌地是什么意思？”如果你是一个先知，每当你遇到一个人时，你都会看到他拥有的一切，哎呀，还有很多他假装不承认的东西，甚至是他的厨房家具和他保存下来但不会烧掉的所有王牌，他似乎被这些东西所利用，并取得了他所能取得的进展。
I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot hole or gateway where his sledge load of furniture cannot follow him.
我认为这个人已经陷入困境，因为他已经穿过了一个结孔或网关，而他的雪橇装载的家具无法跟随他。
I cannot but feel compassion when I hear some trig, compact-looking man, seemingly free, all girded and ready, speak of his “furniture,” as whether it is insured or not.
当我听到某个严肃、看上去很紧凑、看似自由、全副武装、准备就绪的男人谈论他的“家具”，无论它是否有保险时，我不禁感到同情。
“But what shall I do with my furniture?” My gay butterfly is entangled in a spider’s web then.
“但是我该怎么处理我的家具呢？”我的快乐蝴蝶被蜘蛛网缠住了。
Even those who seem for a long while not to have any, if you inquire more narrowly you will find have some stored in somebody’s barn.
即使那些看起来很长一段时间都没有的人，如果你仔细询问，你会发现有人的谷仓里储存着一些。
I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox and bundle.
我把今天的英国视为一位老绅士，他带着大量行李旅行，这些行李是长期持家积累起来的，但他没有勇气烧掉；大行李箱、小行李箱、带盒和捆绑包。
Throw away the first three at least.
至少扔掉前三个。
It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run.
如今，一个健康的人拿起床来行走已经超出了他的能力，而我当然应该建议一个病人放下床来跑步。
When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all—looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck—I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all _that_ to carry.
当我遇到一个移民，在一个装满了他所有东西的包袱下摇摇晃晃时——看起来就像从他的颈背上长出来的一个巨大的文——我可怜他，不是因为那是他的全部，而是因为他有所有的东西要携带。
If I have got to drag my trap, I will take care that it be a light one and do not nip me in a vital part.
如果我必须拖拽我的陷阱，我会注意它是轻的，不要夹住我的要害部位。
But perchance it would be wisest never to put one’s paw into it.
但也许最明智的做法是永远不要将自己的爪子伸进去。
I would observe, by the way, that it costs me nothing for curtains, for I have no gazers to shut out but the sun and moon, and I am willing that they should look in.
顺便说一句，我会说，买窗帘不需要花什么钱，因为除了太阳和月亮之外，我没有其他凝视者可以挡在外面，而且我愿意让他们往里看。
The moon will not sour milk nor taint meat of mine, nor will the sun injure my furniture or fade my carpet, and if he is sometimes too warm a friend, I find it still better economy to retreat behind some curtain which nature has provided, than to add a single item to the details of housekeeping.
月亮不会使我的牛奶变酸，也不会污染我的肉，太阳也不会伤害我的家具或使我的地毯褪色，如果他有时是一个过于热情的朋友，我发现退到大自然提供的窗帘后面比在家务细节中添加一个单一的项目更经济。
A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door.
有一次，一位女士给了我一张垫子，但由于我在屋内没有多余的空间，也没有时间在里面或外面摇动它，所以我拒绝了，宁愿在门前的草皮上擦脚。
It is best to avoid the beginnings of evil.
最好避免邪恶的开始。
Not long since I was present at the auction of a deacon’s effects, for his life had not been ineffectual:—
自从我参加一位执事的财物拍卖会不久，他的一生也并非毫无成果：——
“The evil that men do lives after them.”
“人所做的恶事，在他们死后仍然存在。”
As usual, a great proportion was trumpery which had begun to accumulate in his father’s day.
和往常一样，很大一部分是在他父亲时代就开始积累的胡言乱语。
Among the rest was a dried tapeworm.
其余的有一条干绦虫。
And now, after lying half a century in his garret and other dust holes, these things were not burned; instead of a _bonfire_, or purifying destruction of them, there was an _auction_, or increasing of them.
现在，这些东西在他的阁楼和其他灰尘坑里躺了半个世纪之后，并没有被烧毁；它们还没有被烧毁。不是_篝火_，或者是对它们的净化性破坏，而是_拍卖_，或者是增加它们。
The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefully transported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till their estates are settled, when they will start again.
邻居们急切地前来观看，把它们全部买下，小心翼翼地运到他们的阁楼和尘土坑里，放在那里，直到他们的庄园安定下来，然后再重新开始。
When a man dies he kicks the dust.
人死后，他会踢掉灰尘。
The customs of some savage nations might, perchance, be profitably imitated by us, for they at least go through the semblance of casting their slough annually; they have the idea of the thing, whether they have the reality or not.
某些未开化民族的风俗也许值得我们效仿，因为他们至少每年都要经历一次脱皮的过程；他们对事物有想法，无论他们是否有现实。
Would it not be well if we were to celebrate such a “busk,” or “feast of first fruits,” as Bartram describes to have been the custom of the Mucclasse Indians?
如果我们像巴特拉姆描述的穆克克拉斯印第安人的习俗那样庆祝这样的“巴斯克”或“初熟果实的盛宴”，不是很好吗？
“When a town celebrates the busk,” says he, “having previously provided themselves with new clothes, new pots, pans, and other household utensils and furniture, they collect all their worn out clothes and other despicable things, sweep and cleanse their houses, squares, and the whole town of their filth, which with all the remaining grain and other old provisions they cast together into one common heap, and consume it with fire.
他说：“当一个城镇庆祝街头时，他们事先给自己准备了新衣服、新锅碗瓢盆和其他家庭用具和家具，然后收集所有破旧的衣服和其他卑鄙的东西，清扫和清理他们的房屋、广场和整个城镇的污物，然后将所有剩余的谷物和其他旧食品一起扔进一堆，然后用火烧掉。
After having taken medicine, and fasted for three days, all the fire in the town is extinguished.
服药后，禁食三日，城中火尽灭。
During this fast they abstain from the gratification of every appetite and passion whatever.
在禁食期间，他们放弃一切食欲和激情的满足。
A general amnesty is proclaimed; all malefactors may return to their town.—”
宣布大赦；所有的罪犯都可以回到他们的城镇。——”
“On the fourth morning, the high priest, by rubbing dry wood together, produces new fire in the public square, from whence every habitation in the town is supplied with the new and pure flame.”
“第四天早上，大祭司将干木摩擦在一起，在公共广场上生出新的火，从那里，镇上的每个住所都获得了新的纯净的火焰。”
They then feast on the new corn and fruits, and dance and sing for three days, “and the four following days they receive visits and rejoice with their friends from neighboring towns who have in like manner purified and prepared themselves.”
然后，他们享用新玉米和水果，载歌载舞，持续三天，“接下来的四天，他们会接待来自邻近城镇的朋友，他们也以同样的方式净化和准备了自己，并与他们一起欢乐。”
The Mexicans also practised a similar purification at the end of every fifty-two years, in the belief that it was time for the world to come to an end.
墨西哥人也在每五十二年结束时进行类似的净化，他们相信世界末日到了。
I have scarcely heard of a truer sacrament, that is, as the dictionary defines it, “outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace,” than this, and I have no doubt that they were originally inspired directly from Heaven to do thus, though they have no biblical record of the revelation.
我几乎没有听说过比这更真实的圣礼，也就是说，正如字典所定义的那样，“内在和精神恩典的外在和可见的标志”，我毫不怀疑他们最初是直接受到天堂的启发而这样做的，尽管他们没有关于这一启示的圣经记录。
For more than five years I maintained myself thus solely by the labor of my hands, and I found, that by working about six weeks in a year, I could meet all the expenses of living.
五年多来，我就这样靠自己的双手劳动维持生计，我发现，每年工作大约六周，就可以支付所有的生活费用。
The whole of my winters, as well as most of my summers, I had free and clear for study.
整个冬天，以及大部分夏天，我都可以自由自在地学习。
I have thoroughly tried school-keeping, and found that my expenses were in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, and I lost my time into the bargain.
我彻底尝试过学校管理，发现我的开支与我的收入成正比，或者更确切地说是不成比例，因为我不得不穿着和训练，而不是说思考和相信，相应地，我在讨价还价中浪费了时间。
As I did not teach for the good of my fellow-men, but simply for a livelihood, this was a failure.
因为我教书不是为了同胞的利益，而只是为了生计，所以这是失败的。
I have tried trade; but I found that it would take ten years to get under way in that, and that then I should probably be on my way to the devil.
我尝试过贸易；但我发现这需要十年的时间才能开始，然后我可能就会走向魔鬼。
I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business.
我实际上担心到那时我可能会做所谓的好生意。
When formerly I was looking about to see what I could do for a living, some sad experience in conforming to the wishes of friends being fresh in my mind to tax my ingenuity, I thought often and seriously of picking huckleberries; that surely I could do, and its small profits might suffice,—for my greatest skill has been to want but little,—so little capital it required, so little distraction from my wonted moods, I foolishly thought.
以前，当我想看看自己能做些什么来谋生时，在满足朋友们的愿望时，我经历了一些悲伤的经历，这需要我的聪明才智，我经常认真地考虑采摘越橘；但是，我却经常认真地考虑采摘越橘。我肯定能做到，而且它的微薄利润可能就足够了，因为我最伟大的技能就是想要很少，它需要的资本是如此之少，我的惯常情绪也不会分心，我愚蠢地想。
While my acquaintances went unhesitatingly into trade or the professions, I contemplated this occupation as most like theirs; ranging the hills all summer to pick the berries which came in my way, and thereafter carelessly dispose of them; so, to keep the flocks of Admetus.
当我的熟人毫不犹豫地进入贸易或职业时，我认为这个职业与他们的职业最相似。整个夏天我都在山上走来走去，采摘路上遇到的浆果，然后又漫不经心地把它们处理掉。如此，才能保住阿德墨托斯的羊群。
I also dreamed that I might gather the wild herbs, or carry evergreens to such villagers as loved to be reminded of the woods, even to the city, by hay-cart loads.
我还梦想着我可以采集野菜，或者用干草车把常青树运到那些喜欢想起树林的村民那里，甚至运到城市里。
But I have since learned that trade curses everything it handles; and though you trade in messages from heaven, the whole curse of trade attaches to the business.
但后来我了解到，贸易会诅咒它所处理的一切。尽管你交易的是来自天上的信息，但整个交易的诅咒却落在了生意上。
As I preferred some things to others, and especially valued my freedom, as I could fare hard and yet succeed well, I did not wish to spend my time in earning rich carpets or other fine furniture, or delicate cookery, or a house in the Grecian or the Gothic style just yet.
由于我比其他东西更喜欢某些东西，并且特别重视我的自由，因为我可以艰苦奋斗，但也能取得成功，所以我还不想把时间花在赚取华丽的地毯或其他精美的家具，或精致的烹饪，或希腊或哥特式风格的房子上。
If there are any to whom it is no interruption to acquire these things, and who know how to use them when acquired, I relinquish to them the pursuit.
如果有人可以不间断地获得这些东西，并且在获得后知道如何使用它们，那么我将放弃对他们的追求。
Some are “industrious,” and appear to love labor for its own sake, or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; to such I have at present nothing to say.
有些人“勤奋”，似乎因为劳动本身而热爱劳动，或者也许是因为劳动可以让他们免受更严重的伤害；对此我目前无话可说。
Those who would not know what to do with more leisure than they now enjoy, I might advise to work twice as hard as they do,—work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers.
那些不知道如何利用比现在更多的空闲时间做什么的人，我可能会建议他们加倍努力工作，直到他们自己付钱，并获得免费证件。
For myself I found that the occupation of a day-laborer was the most independent of any, especially as it required only thirty or forty days in a year to support one.
就我自己而言，我发现临时工的职业是最独立的，特别是因为一年中只需要三十或四十天就能养活一个人。
The laborer’s day ends with the going down of the sun, and he is then free to devote himself to his chosen pursuit, independent of his labor; but his employer, who speculates from month to month, has no respite from one end of the year to the other.
劳动者的一天随着太阳落山而结束，然后他就可以自由地致力于他所选择的追求，独立于他的劳动；但他的雇主每月都在进行投机，年末到年末都没有喘息的机会。
In short, I am convinced, both by faith and experience, that to maintain one’s self on this earth is not a hardship but a pastime, if we will live simply and wisely; as the pursuits of the simpler nations are still the sports of the more artificial.
简而言之，无论是信仰还是经验，我都相信，如果我们生活得简单而明智，那么在这个地球上维持自我并不是一种艰辛，而是一种消遣。因为简单民族的追求仍然是较人工的运动。
It is not necessary that a man should earn his living by the sweat of his brow, unless he sweats easier than I do.
一个人没有必要靠流汗来谋生，除非他比我流汗多。
One young man of my acquaintance, who has inherited some acres, told me that he thought he should live as I did, _if he had the means_.
我认识的一位年轻人继承了一些土地，他告诉我，他认为他应该像我一样生活，如果他有能力的话。
I would not have any one adopt _my_ mode of living on any account; for, beside that before he has fairly learned it I may have found out another for myself, I desire that there may be as many different persons in the world as possible; but I would have each one be very careful to find out and pursue _his own_ way, and not his father’s or his mother’s or his neighbor’s instead.
我不会让任何人以任何理由采用我的生活方式；因为，除此之外，在他完全了解之前，我可能已经为自己找到了另一个人，我希望世界上有尽可能多的不同的人。但我希望每个人都非常小心地找出并追求自己的方式，而不是他父亲、母亲或邻居的方式。
The youth may build or plant or sail, only let him not be hindered from doing that which he tells me he would like to do.
年轻人可以建造、种植或航行，但不要阻止他做他告诉我他想做的事情。
It is by a mathematical point only that we are wise, as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; but that is sufficient guidance for all our life.
仅从数学角度来看，我们是明智的，就像水手或逃亡奴隶眼中紧盯着北极星一样；但这对于我们一生来说已经足够了。
We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course.
我们可能无法在可计算的时间内到达港口，但我们会保持正确的航向。
Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not proportionally more expensive than a small one, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments.
毫无疑问，在这种情况下，对一个人来说更是如此，对一千个人来说更是如此，因为一栋大房子并不比小房子贵，因为一个屋顶可以覆盖，下面有一个地窖，一堵墙可以分隔几间公寓。
But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling.
但就我而言，我更喜欢独居。
Moreover, it will commonly be cheaper to build the whole yourself than to convince another of the advantage of the common wall; and when you have done this, the common partition, to be much cheaper, must be a thin one, and that other may prove a bad neighbor, and also not keep his side in repair.
此外，自己建造整个墙通常比说服他人相信公共墙的优点要便宜；当你做到这一点时，为了便宜得多，公共隔断必须是薄的，而另一个可能会被证明是一个坏邻居，而且也不会让他的一侧得到维修。
The only coöperation which is commonly possible is exceedingly partial and superficial; and what little true coöperation there is, is as if it were not, being a harmony inaudible to men.
通常唯一可能的合作是极其片面和肤浅的。真正的合作很少，就好像没有，是一种人类听不到的和谐。
If a man has faith, he will coöperate with equal faith everywhere; if he has not faith, he will continue to live like the rest of the world, whatever company he is joined to.
一个人如果有信仰，他就会在任何地方都以同样的信仰来合作；如果他没有信仰，他将继续像世界上其他人一样生活，无论他加入什么公司。
To coöperate, in the highest as well as the lowest sense, means _to get our living together_.
合作，无论从最高意义上还是最低意义上来说，都意味着“共同生活”。
I heard it proposed lately that two young men should travel together over the world, the one without money, earning his means as he went, before the mast and behind the plow, the other carrying a bill of exchange in his pocket.
我听说最近有人建议两个年轻人一起环游世界，一个没有钱，一边走一边挣钱，在桅杆前和犁后，另一个在口袋里揣着一张汇票。
It was easy to see that they could not long be companions or coöperate, since one would not _operate_ at all.
很容易看出，他们不可能长期成为同伴或合作，因为他们根本不会合作。
They would part at the first interesting crisis in their adventures.
他们将在冒险中遇到第一个有趣的危机时分道扬镳。
Above all, as I have implied, the man who goes alone can start to-day; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready, and it may be a long time before they get off.
最重要的是，正如我所暗示的，独自一人的人可以从今天开始；但与他人同行的人必须等到对方准备好后才可以下车。
But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say.
但我听到一些镇民说，这一切都是非常自私的。
I confess that I have hitherto indulged very little in philanthropic enterprises.
我承认迄今为止我很少参与慈善事业。
I have made some sacrifices to a sense of duty, and among others have sacrificed this pleasure also.
我为了责任感做出了一些牺牲，其中也牺牲了这种快乐。
There are those who have used all their arts to persuade me to undertake the support of some poor family in the town; and if I had nothing to do,—for the devil finds employment for the idle,—I might try my hand at some such pastime as that.
有些人千方百计说服我承担镇上某个贫困家庭的赡养义务。如果我无事可做——因为魔鬼会为游手好闲的人找到工作——我可能会尝试做一些这样的消遣。
However, when I have thought to indulge myself in this respect, and lay their Heaven under an obligation by maintaining certain poor persons in all respects as comfortably as I maintain myself, and have even ventured so far as to make them the offer, they have one and all unhesitatingly preferred to remain poor.
然而，当我想到在这方面放纵自己，让他们的上天承担义务，让某些穷人在各方面都像我自己一样过上舒适的生活，甚至冒险向他们提出这样的要求时，他们都毫不犹豫地宁愿继续贫穷。
While my townsmen and women are devoted in so many ways to the good of their fellows, I trust that one at least may be spared to other and less humane pursuits.
虽然我的同胞们在很多方面都致力于为同胞谋福利，但我相信至少有人可以免受其他不那么人道的追求。
You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else.
你必须有慈善方面的天赋，也必须有其他方面的天赋。
As for Doing-good, that is one of the professions which are full.
至于行善，那是最充实的职业之一。
Moreover, I have tried it fairly, and, strange as it may seem, am satisfied that it does not agree with my constitution.
而且，我已经公平地尝试过了，虽然看起来很奇怪，但我很满意它不符合我的体质。
Probably I should not consciously and deliberately forsake my particular calling to do the good which society demands of me, to save the universe from annihilation; and I believe that a like but infinitely greater steadfastness elsewhere is all that now preserves it.
也许我不应该有意识地、刻意地放弃我的特殊使命，去做社会要求我做的好事，拯救宇宙免遭毁灭；我相信，现在只有其他地方有类似但更加坚定的毅力才能保存它。
But I would not stand between any man and his genius; and to him who does this work, which I decline, with his whole heart and soul and life, I would say, Persevere, even if the world call it doing evil, as it is most likely they will.
但我不会阻止任何人和他的天才；对于那些从事这项工作的人，我全心全意地拒绝，我会说，坚持下去，即使世界称其为邪恶，因为他们很可能会这样做。
I am far from supposing that my case is a peculiar one; no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence.
我一点也不认为我的情况是特殊的。毫无疑问，我的许多读者都会做出类似的辩护。
At doing something,—I will not engage that my neighbors shall pronounce it good,—I do not hesitate to say that I should be a capital fellow to hire; but what that is, it is for my employer to find out.
在做某事时，我不会要求我的邻居称赞它是好的，我会毫不犹豫地说我应该是一个值得雇用的人；但那是什么，有待我的雇主去发现。
What _good_ I do, in the common sense of that word, must be aside from my main path, and for the most part wholly unintended.
从这个词的常识来看，我所做的“善事”一定是偏离了我的主要道路，而且在很大程度上完全是无意的。
Men say, practically, Begin where you are and such as you are, without aiming mainly to become of more worth, and with kindness aforethought go about doing good.
人们说，实际上，从你现在的处境开始，就如你现在的样子，不以变得更有价值为主要目标，带着善意去行善。
If I were to preach at all in this strain, I should say rather, Set about being good.
如果我要以这种口吻讲道，我应该说，开始行善。
As if the sun should stop when he had kindled his fires up to the splendor of a moon or a star of the sixth magnitude, and go about like a Robin Goodfellow, peeping in at every cottage window, inspiring lunatics, and tainting meats, and making darkness visible, instead of steadily increasing his genial heat and beneficence till he is of such brightness that no mortal can look him in the face, and then, and in the mean while too, going about the world in his own orbit, doing it good, or rather, as a truer philosophy has discovered, the world going about him getting good.
就好像当太阳将自己的火焰点燃到月亮或六等星的光辉时，太阳应该停止，像罗宾·古德费罗一样四处张望，从每间小屋的窗户里窥视，鼓舞疯子，污染肉类，让黑暗变得可见，而不是不断增加他的和蔼热情和仁慈，直到他的亮度如此之高，以至于没有凡人可以直视他的脸，然后，同时，也以他的方式走遍世界。在自己的轨道上，做好事，或者更确切地说，正如一种更真实的哲学所发现的那样，围绕他的世界变得更好。
When Phaeton, wishing to prove his heavenly birth by his beneficence, had the sun’s chariot but one day, and drove out of the beaten track, he burned several blocks of houses in the lower streets of heaven, and scorched the surface of the earth, and dried up every spring, and made the great desert of Sahara, till at length Jupiter hurled him headlong to the earth with a thunderbolt, and the sun, through grief at his death, did not shine for a year.
当法厄同想用他的仁慈来证明他的天国出身时，他有一天拥有了太阳的战车，驶出了人迹罕至的地方，他烧毁了天堂低处街道上的几座房屋，烧焦了大地表面，每年春天都干涸了，形成了撒哈拉大沙漠，直到最后朱庇特用霹雳把他摔到了地上，太阳因他的死而悲痛，一年都没有发光。
There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted.
没有什么气味比善行受到污染而产生的气味更难闻了。
It is human, it is divine, carrion.
它是人类的，它是神圣的，腐肉。
If I knew for a certainty that a man was coming to my house with the conscious design of doing me good, I should run for my life, as from that dry and parching wind of the African deserts called the simoom, which fills the mouth and nose and ears and eyes with dust till you are suffocated, for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood.
如果我确信一个人来到我家是有意为我做好事，我就应该逃命，就像躲避非洲沙漠中那股被称为“西穆姆”的干燥而灼热的风，这种风会充满灰尘，让你的嘴巴、鼻子、耳朵和眼睛充满灰尘，直到你窒息而死，因为我担心我会得到他的一些善意，因为它的一些病毒与我的血液混合在一起。
No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way.
不，——在这种情况下，我宁愿以自然的方式遭受邪恶。
A man is not a good _man_ to me because he will feed me if I should be starving, or warm me if I should be freezing, or pull me out of a ditch if I should ever fall into one.
对我来说，一个男人不是一个好人，因为如果我饿了，他会喂我；如果我冷了，他会温暖我；如果我掉进沟里，他会把我从沟里拉出来。
I can find you a Newfoundland dog that will do as much.
我可以给你找一只纽芬兰犬，它也能做同样的事情。
Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense.
慈善事业并不是最广泛意义上的对同胞的爱。
Howard was no doubt an exceedingly kind and worthy man in his way, and has his reward; but, comparatively speaking, what are a hundred Howards to _us_, if their philanthropy do not help _us_ in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped?
毫无疑问，霍华德是一个极其善良、值得尊敬的人，他也得到了回报。但是，相比之下，当我们最值得得到帮助时，如果他们的慈善事业不能帮助我们获得最好的财产，那么一百个霍华德对我们来说又算什么呢？
I never heard of a philanthropic meeting in which it was sincerely proposed to do any good to me, or the like of me.
我从来没有听说过有哪个慈善会议是真诚地提出对我或我这样的人有任何好处的。
The Jesuits were quite balked by those Indians who, being burned at the stake, suggested new modes of torture to their tormentors.
耶稣会士对那些被烧死在火刑柱上的印第安人非常犹豫，他们向折磨他们的人建议了新的酷刑方式。
Being superior to physical suffering, it sometimes chanced that they were superior to any consolation which the missionaries could offer; and the law to do as you would be done by fell with less persuasiveness on the ears of those who, for their part, did not care how they were done by, who loved their enemies after a new fashion, and came very near freely forgiving them all they did.
由于胜过肉体上的痛苦，有时他们胜过传教士所能提供的任何安慰。而“己所不欲，勿施于人”的法律在那些不关心别人如何对待他们、以一种新的方式爱他们的敌人、几乎自由地宽恕他们所做的一切的人的耳中就缺乏说服力。
Be sure that you give the poor the aid they most need, though it be your example which leaves them far behind.
确保为穷人提供他们最需要的援助，尽管你的榜样使他们远远落后。
If you give money, spend yourself with it, and do not merely abandon it to them.
如果你给了钱，就用它自己，而不是仅仅把它交给他们。
We make curious mistakes sometimes.
我们有时会犯一些奇怪的错误。
Often the poor man is not so cold and hungry as he is dirty and ragged and gross.
通常，穷人并不那么寒冷和饥饿，而是肮脏、衣衫褴褛和粗俗。
It is partly his taste, and not merely his misfortune.
这部分是他的品味，而不仅仅是他的不幸。
If you give him money, he will perhaps buy more rags with it.
如果你给他钱，他也许会买更多的破布。
I was wont to pity the clumsy Irish laborers who cut ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged clothes, while I shivered in my more tidy and somewhat more fashionable garments, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped into the water came to my house to warm him, and I saw him strip off three pairs of pants and two pairs of stockings ere he got down to the skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the _extra_ garments which I offered him, he had so many _intra_ ones.
我习惯于怜悯那些穿着简陋破烂衣服在池塘上割冰的笨手笨脚的爱尔兰工人，而我却穿着更整洁、更时尚的衣服瑟瑟发抖，直到有一天，一个严寒的日子，一个滑进水里的人来到我家取暖，我看到他在下水之前就脱掉了三条裤子和两双袜子，虽然它们已经够脏和破烂了，但这是真的，他有能力拒绝这个。我给他提供了额外的衣服，他有很多内衣。
This ducking was the very thing he needed.
这种躲避正是他所需要的。
Then I began to pity myself, and I saw that it would be a greater charity to bestow on me a flannel shirt than a whole slop-shop on him.
然后我开始怜悯自己，我发现送我一件法兰绒衬衫比送他一整个破烂店更仁慈。
There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root, and it may be that he who bestows the largest amount of time and money on the needy is doing the most by his mode of life to produce that misery which he strives in vain to relieve.
对于一个从根源上打击的人来说，有一千种邪恶的树枝，而那些为有需要的人提供最多时间和金钱的人可能正在通过他的生活方式做最大的努力来制造他徒劳地减轻的痛苦。
It is the pious slave-breeder devoting the proceeds of every tenth slave to buy a Sunday’s liberty for the rest.
虔诚的奴隶饲养者用十分之一的奴隶的收入为其余的人购买了周日的自由。
Some show their kindness to the poor by employing them in their kitchens.
有些人通过雇用穷人在厨房工作来表达对穷人的善意。
Would they not be kinder if they employed themselves there?
如果他们在那里工作，他们不是会更友善吗？
You boast of spending a tenth part of your income in charity; maybe you should spend the nine tenths so, and done with it.
你吹嘘自己将收入的十分之一用于慈善事业；也许你应该把十分之九的时间花在这上面，然后就结束了。
Society recovers only a tenth part of the property then.
那时社会只收回了财产的十分之一。
Is this owing to the generosity of him in whose possession it is found, or to the remissness of the officers of justice?
这是由于被发现拥有该物品的人的慷慨，还是由于司法官员的疏忽？
Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind.
慈善事业几乎是唯一被人类充分重视的美德。
Nay, it is greatly overrated; and it is our selfishness which overrates it.
不，它被大大高估了。正是我们的自私高估了它。
A robust poor man, one sunny day here in Concord, praised a fellow-townsman to me, because, as he said, he was kind to the poor; meaning himself.
在康科德的一个阳光明媚的日子里，一位健壮的穷人向我称赞了一位同乡，因为正如他所说，他对穷人很友善；意思是他自己。
The kind uncles and aunts of the race are more esteemed than its true spiritual fathers and mothers.
这个种族善良的叔叔阿姨比其真正的精神父亲和母亲更受尊敬。
I once heard a reverend lecturer on England, a man of learning and intelligence, after enumerating her scientific, literary, and political worthies, Shakespeare, Bacon, Cromwell, Milton, Newton, and others, speak next of her Christian heroes, whom, as if his profession required it of him, he elevated to a place far above all the rest, as the greatest of the great.
我曾经听过一位令人尊敬的英国讲师，他是一位学识渊博、才华横溢的人，在列举了英国的科学、文学和政治伟人——莎士比亚、培根、克伦威尔、弥尔顿、牛顿等人之后，接下来谈到了她的基督教英雄，仿佛他的职业要求他这样做，他将他们提升到远远高于其他人的地位，成为伟人中最伟大的人。
They were Penn, Howard, and Mrs. Fry.
他们是佩恩、霍华德和弗莱夫人。
Every one must feel the falsehood and cant of this.
每个人都必须感受到这一点的虚假性和虚假性。
The last were not England’s best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists.
最后的人并不是英格兰最优秀的男人和女人。也许只有她最好的慈善家。
I would not subtract any thing from the praise that is due to philanthropy, but merely demand justice for all who by their lives and works are a blessing to mankind.
我不会从慈善事业的赞誉中减去任何东西，而只是要求为所有通过他们的生活和工作为人类造福的人伸张正义。
I do not value chiefly a man’s uprightness and benevolence, which are, as it were, his stem and leaves.
我并不看重一个人的正直和仁慈，这可以说是他的茎和叶。
Those plants of whose greenness withered we make herb tea for the sick, serve but a humble use, and are most employed by quacks.
我们为病人制作花草茶时，那些绿色枯萎的植物只能起微不足道的作用，而且大多被江湖医生所利用。
I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be wafted over from him to me, and some ripeness flavor our intercourse.
我要男人的花和果；某种芬芳从他身上飘到我身上，某种成熟的味道从他身上飘到我们的交往中。
His goodness must not be a partial and transitory act, but a constant superfluity, which costs him nothing and of which he is unconscious.
他的善良决不能是局部的、短暂的行为，而是一种持续的多余的行为，这种行为不需要他付出任何代价，而且他自己也没有意识到。
This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins.
这是一个隐藏着众多罪恶的慈善机构。
The philanthropist too often surrounds mankind with the remembrance of his own cast-off griefs as an atmosphere, and calls it sympathy.
慈善家常常用对自己所抛弃的悲伤的回忆作为一种氛围来包围人类，并称之为同情。
We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion.
我们应该传递我们的勇气，而不是我们的绝望，我们的健康和安逸，而不是我们的疾病，并注意不要让这种情况通过传染传播。
From what southern plains comes up the voice of wailing?
哀号之声从南方的哪个平原传来？
Under what latitudes reside the heathen to whom we would send light?
我们要向异教徒发送光，居住在什么纬度？
Who is that intemperate and brutal man whom we would redeem?
我们要救赎的那个放纵而残暴的人是谁？
If any thing ail a man, so that he does not perform his functions, if he have a pain in his bowels even,—for that is the seat of sympathy,—he forthwith sets about reforming—the world.
如果一个人有什么毛病，以致他无法履行自己的职责，甚至如果他肠胃疼痛——因为那是同情的根源——他就会立即着手改造世界。
Being a microcosm himself, he discovers, and it is a true discovery, and he is the man to make it,—that the world has been eating green apples; to his eyes, in fact, the globe itself is a great green apple, which there is danger awful to think of that the children of men will nibble before it is ripe; and straightway his drastic philanthropy seeks out the Esquimaux and the Patagonian, and embraces the populous Indian and Chinese villages; and thus, by a few years of philanthropic activity, the powers in the mean while using him for their own ends, no doubt, he cures himself of his dyspepsia, the globe acquires a faint blush on one or both of its cheeks, as if it were beginning to be ripe, and life loses its crudity and is once more sweet and wholesome to live.
作为一个缩影，他发现，这是一个真正的发现，他是实现这一发现的人——世界一直在吃青苹果；事实上，在他眼中，地球本身就是一个巨大的青苹果，一想到人类的孩子们会在它成熟之前蚕食它，就会有可怕的危险。他的慈善事业立即转向了爱斯基摩人和巴塔哥尼亚人，并覆盖了人口稠密的印度和中国村庄。因此，通过几年的慈善活动，当权者利用他来达到自己的目的时，毫无疑问，他治愈了自己的消化不良，地球的一侧或两侧脸颊上出现了淡淡的红晕，仿佛它开始成熟了，生活失去了粗糙，再次变得甜蜜和健康。
I never dreamed of any enormity greater than I have committed.
我从未梦想过有比我所犯下的罪行更严重的事情。
I never knew, and never shall know, a worse man than myself.
我从来不知道，也永远不会知道，还有比我更糟糕的人。
I believe that what so saddens the reformer is not his sympathy with his fellows in distress, but, though he be the holiest son of God, is his private ail.
我相信，使改革者如此悲伤的不是他对苦难同胞的同情，而是他个人的病痛，尽管他是上帝最圣洁的儿子。
Let this be righted, let the spring come to him, the morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his generous companions without apology.
让这一切得到纠正，让春天来到他身边，让早晨在他的沙发上升起，他将毫无歉意地抛弃他慷慨的同伴。
My excuse for not lecturing against the use of tobacco is, that I never chewed it; that is a penalty which reformed tobacco-chewers have to pay; though there are things enough I have chewed, which I could lecture against.
我不反对使用烟草的演讲的借口是，我从来没有咀嚼过烟草；我从来没有咀嚼过烟草。这是改过自新的咀嚼烟草者必须承受的惩罚；尽管我已经咀嚼过足够多的东西，我可以对它们进行演讲。
If you should ever be betrayed into any of these philanthropies, do not let your left hand know what your right hand does, for it is not worth knowing.
如果你被出卖进入任何这些慈善事业，不要让你的左手知道你的右手在做什么，因为它不值得知道。
Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings.
营救溺水者并系好鞋带。
Take your time, and set about some free labor.
慢慢来，开始做一些免费劳动。
Our manners have been corrupted by communication with the saints.
我们的礼仪因与圣徒的交流而败坏。
Our hymn-books resound with a melodious cursing of God and enduring him forever.
我们的赞美诗集回响着对上帝的悠扬咒骂，并让他永远忍受。
One would say that even the prophets and redeemers had rather consoled the fears than confirmed the hopes of man.
人们会说，即使是先知和救赎者，也只是安慰了人们的恐惧，而不是证实了人类的希望。
There is nowhere recorded a simple and irrepressible satisfaction with the gift of life, any memorable praise of God.
没有任何地方记录过对生命恩赐的简单而无法抑制的满足，以及对上帝的任何令人难忘的赞美。
All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it.
所有的健康和成功都对我有好处，无论它们看起来多么遥远和孤僻。所有的疾病和失败都会让我悲伤，让我变得邪恶，无论它们对我有多少同情，或者我对它们有多少同情。
If, then, we would indeed restore mankind by truly Indian, botanic, magnetic, or natural means, let us first be as simple and well as Nature ourselves, dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores.
那么，如果我们真的想通过真正的印度式的、植物的、磁力的或自然的方式来恢复人类，那么我们首先要像自然一样简单而美好，驱散悬在我们眉头上的乌云，让我们的毛孔充满一点生机。
Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world.
不要留下来当穷人的监督者，而要努力成为世界上有价值的人之一。
I read in the Gulistan, or Flower Garden, of Sheik Sadi of Shiraz, that “They asked a wise man, saying; Of the many celebrated trees which the Most High God has created lofty and umbrageous, they call none azad, or free, excepting the cypress, which bears no fruit; what mystery is there in this?
我在设拉子酋长萨迪的古丽斯坦（Gulistan）花园中读到，“他们问一位智者，他说：至高的上帝创造了许多高大而傲慢的著名树木，除了不结果子的柏树外，他们称没有一种是自由的，这其中有什么神秘之处？
He replied; Each has its appropriate produce, and appointed season, during the continuance of which it is fresh and blooming, and during their absence dry and withered; to neither of which states is the cypress exposed, being always flourishing; and of this nature are the azads, or religious independents.—Fix not thy heart on that which is transitory; for the Dijlah, or Tigris, will continue to flow through Bagdad after the race of caliphs is extinct: if thy hand has plenty, be liberal as the date tree; but if it affords nothing to give away, be an azad, or free man, like the cypress.”
他回答说：每种作物都有其适当的产品和指定的季节，在其持续期间，它是新鲜的和开花的，而在其缺席期间，它是干燥和枯萎的；这两个国家的柏树都没有暴露在外，永远茂盛。具有这种性质的是阿扎德（azads），或宗教独立者。——不要把你的心固定在转瞬即逝的事情上；因为在哈里发种族灭绝之后，迪吉拉河或底格里斯河将继续流经巴格达：如果你的手有足够的，就像枣树一样慷慨；但如果它不能给予任何东西，那就做一个自由人，就像柏树一样。”
COMPLEMENTAL VERSES
补充诗句
The Pretensions of Poverty
贫穷的借口
“Thou dost presume too much, poor needy wretch, To claim a station in the firmament Because thy humble cottage, or thy tub, Nurses some lazy or pedantic virtue In the cheap sunshine or by shady springs, With roots and pot-herbs; where thy right hand, Tearing those humane passions from the mind, Upon whose stocks fair blooming virtues flourish, Degradeth nature, and benumbeth sense, And, Gorgon-like, turns active men to stone.
“你想得太过分了，可怜的穷苦人，想要在苍穹上占有一席之地，因为你简陋的小屋，或者你的浴缸，在廉价的阳光下或阴凉的泉水里，用树根和盆栽植物，滋养着一些懒惰或迂腐的美德；在那里，你的右手，从心灵中撕下那些人性的激情，在其股票上，美丽绽放的美德蓬勃发展，降低了本性和本能的感觉，而且，像蛇发女妖一样，转动主动的男人要石头。
We not require the dull society Of your necessitated temperance, Or that unnatural stupidity That knows nor joy nor sorrow; nor your forc’d Falsely exalted passive fortitude Above the active.
我们不需要你必要的节制的沉闷社会，或者那种不自然的愚蠢，不知道快乐或悲伤；也不是你强迫的、虚假地高举的被动坚韧高于主动坚韧。
This low abject brood, That fix their seats in mediocrity, Become your servile minds; but we advance Such virtues only as admit excess, Brave, bounteous acts, regal magnificence, All-seeing prudence, magnanimity That knows no bound, and that heroic virtue For which antiquity hath left no name, But patterns only, such as Hercules, Achilles, Theseus.
这群卑贱的人，把自己的座位固定在平庸之中，成为你们的奴性思想；但我们只提倡那些允许过度的美德，勇敢，慷慨的行为，帝王的辉煌，洞察一切的谨慎，无限的宽宏，以及古代没有留下名字的英雄美德，而只是模式，例如赫拉克勒斯，阿喀琉斯，忒修斯。
Back to thy loath’d cell; And when thou seest the new enlightened sphere, Study to know but what those worthies were.” T.
回到你厌恶的牢房；当你看到新的开明领域时，请研究并了解那些有价值的人是什么。” T。
CAREW
凯鲁
Where I Lived, and What I Lived For
我住在哪里，我为了什么而活
At a certain season of our life we are accustomed to consider every spot as the possible site of a house.
在我们生命中的某个季节，我们习惯于将每个地方都视为房屋的可能地点。
I have thus surveyed the country on every side within a dozen miles of where I live.
因此，我勘察了距我住处十几英里范围内的这个国家的四面八方。
In imagination I have bought all the farms in succession, for all were to be bought, and I knew their price.
在想象中，我接连买下了所有的农场，因为所有的农场都要买，而且我知道它们的价格。
I walked over each farmer’s premises, tasted his wild apples, discoursed on husbandry with him, took his farm at his price, at any price, mortgaging it to him in my mind; even put a higher price on it,—took everything but a deed of it,—took his word for his deed, for I dearly love to talk,—cultivated it, and him too to some extent, I trust, and withdrew when I had enjoyed it long enough, leaving him to carry it on.
我走过每个农户的家，尝他的野苹果，和他谈论农事，按他的价格，不惜任何代价，拿走他的农场，在心里抵押给他；甚至为它付出了更高的代价，——除了行动之外，什么都拿走了，——相信他的行动，因为我非常喜欢说话，——培养了它，我相信他在某种程度上也培养了它，当我享受它足够长的时间时，他就退出了，让他继续下去。
This experience entitled me to be regarded as a sort of real-estate broker by my friends.
这段经历让我的朋友们将我视为房地产经纪人。
Wherever I sat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly.
无论我坐在哪里，我都可能生活在那里，风景也会相应地从我身上散发出来。
What is a house but a _sedes_, a seat?—better if a country seat.
除了“sedes_”（座位）之外，房子还能算什么？——如果是乡村座位就更好了。
I discovered many a site for a house not likely to be soon improved, which some might have thought too far from the village, but to my eyes the village was too far from it.
我发现了许多不太可能很快得到改善的房屋用地，有些人可能认为它们离村庄太远，但在我看来，村庄离它太远了。
Well, there I might live, I said; and there I did live, for an hour, a summer and a winter life; saw how I could let the years run off, buffet the winter through, and see the spring come in.
好吧，我可能会住在那里，我说；我确实在那里生活了一个小时，度过了夏天和冬天的生活。我看到了如何让岁月流逝，战胜冬天，迎接春天的到来。
The future inhabitants of this region, wherever they may place their houses, may be sure that they have been anticipated.
该地区未来的居民，无论他们将房屋安置在哪里，都可以确信他们已经被预料到了。
An afternoon sufficed to lay out the land into orchard, woodlot, and pasture, and to decide what fine oaks or pines should be left to stand before the door, and whence each blasted tree could be seen to the best advantage; and then I let it lie, fallow perchance, for a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.
一个下午的时间足以把土地布置成果园、林地和牧场，并决定在门前应该留下哪些优良的橡树或松树，以便从那里可以看到每棵被毁坏的树的最佳优势；然后我就让它撒谎，也许是闲置，因为一个人的富有程度与他能够放弃的东西的数量成正比。
My imagination carried me so far that I even had the refusal of several farms,—the refusal was all I wanted,—but I never got my fingers burned by actual possession.
我的想象力让我走得如此之远，以至于我什至遭到了几个农场的拒绝——拒绝就是我想要的，但我从未因实际拥有而烧伤手指。
The nearest that I came to actual possession was when I bought the Hollowell place, and had begun to sort my seeds, and collected materials with which to make a wheelbarrow to carry it on or off with; but before the owner gave me a deed of it, his wife—every man has such a wife—changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me ten dollars to release him.
我距离实际拥有最近的一次是当我买下了霍洛韦尔的地方，并开始分类我的种子，并收集材料来制作独轮手推车以携带它时。但在主人给我一份契约之前，他的妻子——每个男人都有这样的妻子——改变了主意，希望保留它，他给了我十美元来释放他。
Now, to speak the truth, I had but ten cents in the world, and it surpassed my arithmetic to tell, if I was that man who had ten cents, or who had a farm, or ten dollars, or all together.
现在，说实话，我在世界上只有十美分，而我无法判断我是否是那个拥有十美分的人，或者拥有一个农场，或者十美元，或者全部的人。
However, I let him keep the ten dollars and the farm too, for I had carried it far enough; or rather, to be generous, I sold him the farm for just what I gave for it, and, as he was not a rich man, made him a present of ten dollars, and still had my ten cents, and seeds, and materials for a wheelbarrow left.
不过，我还是让他保留了这十美元和农场，因为我已经把它带到了足够远的地方。或者更确切地说，为了慷慨，我以我所付出的价格把农场卖给了他，而且，由于他不是一个富人，我给了他十美元的礼物，而且还剩下我的十美分、种子和独轮车的材料。
I found thus that I had been a rich man without any damage to my poverty.
我发现我已经是一个富有的人了，但我的贫穷却没有受到任何损害。
But I retained the landscape, and I have since annually carried off what it yielded without a wheelbarrow.
但我保留了这片风景，从那以后，我每年都会在不用手推车的情况下带走它所产生的东西。
With respect to landscapes,—
就风景而言——
“I am monarch of all I _survey_, My right there is none to dispute.”
“我是我所调查的一切的君主，我的权利无可争议。”
I have frequently seen a poet withdraw, having enjoyed the most valuable part of a farm, while the crusty farmer supposed that he had got a few wild apples only.
我经常看到一位诗人在享受了农场最有价值的部分后退出，而脾气暴躁的农民则认为他只得到了几个野苹果。
Why, the owner does not know it for many years when a poet has put his farm in rhyme, the most admirable kind of invisible fence, has fairly impounded it, milked it, skimmed it, and got all the cream, and left the farmer only the skimmed milk.
为什么，主人多年来并不知道，一位诗人把他的农场放在韵律中，这是最令人钦佩的无形栅栏，相当地扣押了它，挤了奶，脱脂了，得到了所有的奶油，只给农民留下了脱脂牛奶。
The real attractions of the Hollowell farm, to me, were; its complete retirement, being, about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, and separated from the highway by a broad field; its bounding on the river, which the owner said protected it by its fogs from frosts in the spring, though that was nothing to me; the gray color and ruinous state of the house and barn, and the dilapidated fences, which put such an interval between me and the last occupant; the hollow and lichen-covered apple trees, gnawed by rabbits, showing what kind of neighbors I should have; but above all, the recollection I had of it from my earliest voyages up the river, when the house was concealed behind a dense grove of red maples, through which I heard the house-dog bark.
对我来说，霍洛厄尔农场的真正吸引力在于：它完全退休了，距村庄约两英里，距最近的邻居半英里，与高速公路相隔一片宽阔的田野；它依河而行，主人说春天的雾气可以保护它免受霜冻，尽管这对我来说没什么。房子和谷仓的灰色和破败的状态，以及破旧的栅栏，使我和最后一个住户之间有这么大的间隔；被兔子啃过的空心、长满地衣的苹果树，表明我应该有什么样的邻居；但最重要的是，我对它的记忆是我最早沿河而上航行时的，当时房子隐藏在一片茂密的红枫树林后面，透过树林我听到了家犬的吠叫声。
I was in haste to buy it, before the proprietor finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the hollow apple trees, and grubbing up some young birches which had sprung up in the pasture, or, in short, had made any more of his improvements.
我急忙买下它，但业主还没取出一些石头，砍倒空心的苹果树，拔掉牧场上长出的一些小桦树，或者简而言之，还没有做更多的改进。
To enjoy these advantages I was ready to carry it on; like Atlas, to take the world on my shoulders,—I never heard what compensation he received for that,—and do all those things which had no other motive or excuse but that I might pay for it and be unmolested in my possession of it; for I knew all the while that it would yield the most abundant crop of the kind I wanted if I could only afford to let it alone.
为了享受这些优势，我准备继续下去；像阿特拉斯一样，把世界扛在我的肩上——我从来没有听说过他为此得到了多少补偿——并且做了所有那些没有其他动机或借口的事情，除了我可以为此付出代价并在我拥有它时不受干扰；因为我一直都知道，只要我能不去管它，它就会产出我想要的最丰富的作物。
But it turned out as I have said.
但结果正如我所说。
All that I could say, then, with respect to farming on a large scale, (I have always cultivated a garden,) was, that I had had my seeds ready.
那么，关于大规模农业（我一直在种植一个花园），我只能说，我已经准备好了种子。
Many think that seeds improve with age.
许多人认为种子会随着年龄的增长而改善。
I have no doubt that time discriminates between the good and the bad; and when at last I shall plant, I shall be less likely to be disappointed.
我毫不怀疑时间会区分好与坏。当我最终种植时，我将不太可能失望。
But I would say to my fellows, once for all, As long as possible live free and uncommitted.
但我要对我的同胞们说，只要有可能，就尽可能地自由和不拘一格地生活。
It makes but little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the county jail.
无论你被关进农场还是县监狱，都没有什么区别。
Old Cato, whose “De Re Rusticâ” is my “Cultivator,” says, and the only translation I have seen makes sheer nonsense of the passage, “When you think of getting a farm, turn it thus in your mind, not to buy greedily; nor spare your pains to look at it, and do not think it enough to go round it once.
老卡托的《De Re Rusticâ》是我的《耕种者》，他说，也是我见过的唯一翻译，对这段话完全是胡说八道：“当你想到要拥有一座农场时，请在你的脑海中这样转动它，不要贪婪地购买；也不要不遗余力地观看它，并且不要认为它足以绕它一圈。
The oftener you go there the more it will please you, if it is good.” I think I shall not buy greedily, but go round and round it as long as I live, and be buried in it first, that it may please me the more at last.
你去那里越频繁，你就越会喜欢它，如果它是好的的话。”我想我不会贪婪地购买，而是在有生之年绕着它转一圈又一圈，然后先埋在里面，这样它最终会让我更加高兴。
The present was my next experiment of this kind, which I purpose to describe more at length; for convenience, putting the experience of two years into one.
现在是我的下一个此类实验，我打算更详细地描述它；为了方便起见，把两年的经验总结为一年。
As I have said, I do not propose to write an ode to dejection, but to brag as lustily as chanticleer in the morning, standing on his roost, if only to wake my neighbors up.
正如我所说，我不打算写一首沮丧的颂歌，而是像早晨的雄鸡一样，站在他的栖息处，大力吹嘘，哪怕只是为了叫醒我的邻居。
When first I took up my abode in the woods, that is, began to spend my nights as well as days there, which, by accident, was on Independence Day, or the Fourth of July, 1845, my house was not finished for winter, but was merely a defence against the rain, without plastering or chimney, the walls being of rough, weather-stained boards, with wide chinks, which made it cool at night.
当我第一次在树林里住下时，也就是说，开始在那里度过我的夜晚和白天，那是一个偶然的日子，即1845年独立日，即美国独立日，我的房子还没有完工以过冬，而只是为了防雨，没有抹灰，也没有烟囱，墙壁是粗糙的、饱经风霜的木板，有宽大的缝隙，这使得晚上很凉爽。
The upright white hewn studs and freshly planed door and window casings gave it a clean and airy look, especially in the morning, when its timbers were saturated with dew, so that I fancied that by noon some sweet gum would exude from them.
直立的白色凿成的螺柱和新刨平的门窗框使它看起来干净而通风，尤其是在早晨，当它的木材浸透着露水时，我想象到了中午，一些甜口香糖会从它们中渗出。
To my imagination it retained throughout the day more or less of this auroral character, reminding me of a certain house on a mountain which I had visited the year before.
在我的想象中，它一整天都或多或少地保留着这种极光的特征，让我想起一年前我参观过的山上的一座房子。
This was an airy and unplastered cabin, fit to entertain a travelling god, and where a goddess might trail her garments.
这是一间通风良好、未抹灰的小屋，适合招待旅行的神，女神也可以在那里拖曳她的衣服。
The winds which passed over my dwelling were such as sweep over the ridges of mountains, bearing the broken strains, or celestial parts only, of terrestrial music.
吹过我住所的风就像扫过山脊一样，携带着地面音乐的断断续续的乐句，或者只是天上的部分。
The morning wind forever blows, the poem of creation is uninterrupted; but few are the ears that hear it.
晨风永吹，创作诗不间断；但很少有耳朵听到它。
Olympus is but the outside of the earth every where.
奥林匹斯山只是地球之外的任何地方。
The only house I had been the owner of before, if I except a boat, was a tent, which I used occasionally when making excursions in the summer, and this is still rolled up in my garret; but the boat, after passing from hand to hand, has gone down the stream of time.
我以前拥有的唯一的房子，如果我除了一艘船的话，就是一个帐篷，我在夏天远足时偶尔会用它，现在它仍然卷在我的阁楼里；但船，经过一手又一手，已经顺流而下。
With this more substantial shelter about me, I had made some progress toward settling in the world.
有了这个更坚固的庇护所，我在适应世界方面取得了一些进展。
This frame, so slightly clad, was a sort of crystallization around me, and reacted on the builder.
这个框架，如此轻微的包覆，是我周围的一种结晶，并对建造者产生了反应。
It was suggestive somewhat as a picture in outlines.
就像一幅轮廓图一样，它有点暗示性。
I did not need to go outdoors to take the air, for the atmosphere within had lost none of its freshness.
我不需要到户外去呼吸空气，因为里面的气氛丝毫没有失去新鲜感。
It was not so much within doors as behind a door where I sat, even in the rainiest weather.
与其说是在室内，不如说是在我坐的门后，即使是在下雨的天气里也是如此。
The Harivansa says, “An abode without birds is like a meat without seasoning.” Such was not my abode, for I found myself suddenly neighbor to the birds; not by having imprisoned one, but having caged myself near them.
《哈里万萨》说：“没有鸟的居所就像没有调料的肉。”那不是我的住所，因为我突然发现自己成了鸟儿的邻居。不是因为囚禁了一个人，而是把自己关在他们身边。
I was not only nearer to some of those which commonly frequent the garden and the orchard, but to those wilder and more thrilling songsters of the forest which never, or rarely, serenade a villager,—the wood-thrush, the veery, the scarlet tanager, the field-sparrow, the whippoorwill, and many others.
我不仅离一些经常光顾花园和果园的鸟儿更近，而且离那些更狂野、更激动人心的森林鸣禽更近，它们从不或很少为村民唱小夜曲，比如林鸫、维里雀、猩红唐纳雀、田麻雀、惠普尔威利等等。
I was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half south of the village of Concord and somewhat higher than it, in the midst of an extensive wood between that town and Lincoln, and about two miles south of that our only field known to fame, Concord Battle Ground; but I was so low in the woods that the opposite shore, half a mile off, like the rest, covered with wood, was my most distant horizon.
我坐在一个小池塘的岸边，距离康科德村以南约一英里半，比村子高一些，在该镇和林肯之间的一片广阔的树林中间，距我们唯一闻名的康科德战场以南约两英里；但我在树林里的位置太低了，半英里外的对岸，像其他地方一样，覆盖着树林，是我最遥远的地平线。
For the first week, whenever I looked out on the pond it impressed me like a tarn high up on the side of a mountain, its bottom far above the surface of other lakes, and, as the sun arose, I saw it throwing off its nightly clothing of mist, and here and there, by degrees, its soft ripples or its smooth reflecting surface was revealed, while the mists, like ghosts, were stealthily withdrawing in every direction into the woods, as at the breaking up of some nocturnal conventicle.
第一周，每当我眺望池塘时，它都给我留下了深刻的印象，它就像山坡上高高的一个塔恩湖，它的底部远远高于其他湖泊的表面，当太阳升起时，我看到它脱去了它夜间的薄雾外衣，到处都逐渐露出了它柔软的波纹或光滑的反射表面，而薄雾像鬼魂一样，悄悄地从各个方向退回到树林里，就像某些夜间活动的消散一样。会堂。
The very dew seemed to hang upon the trees later into the day than usual, as on the sides of mountains.
树上的露珠似乎比平时挂在树上的时间要晚一些，就像挂在山边一样。
This small lake was of most value as a neighbor in the intervals of a gentle rain storm in August, when, both air and water being perfectly still, but the sky overcast, mid-afternoon had all the serenity of evening, and the wood-thrush sang around, and was heard from shore to shore.
这个小湖在八月的一场小暴雨期间最有价值，当时空气和水都完全静止，但天空阴沉，下午三点左右充满了傍晚的宁静，画眉在周围唱歌，从岸到岸都能听到。
A lake like this is never smoother than at such a time; and the clear portion of the air above it being shallow and darkened by clouds, the water, full of light and reflections, becomes a lower heaven itself so much the more important.
这样的湖水从来没有比此时更平静过。其上方空气的清澈部分因云层而变浅且变暗，充满光和反射的水本身就变成了较低的天堂，因此更加重要。
From a hill top near by, where the wood had been recently cut off, there was a pleasing vista southward across the pond, through a wide indentation in the hills which form the shore there, where their opposite sides sloping toward each other suggested a stream flowing out in that direction through a wooded valley, but stream there was none.
从附近的山顶上，那里的树林刚刚被砍伐，透过池塘向南，透过形成海岸的山丘上的一个宽阔的凹痕，可以看到令人愉悦的景色，山丘的两侧相互倾斜，暗示着一条溪流从那个方向流过树木繁茂的山谷，但那里没有溪流。
That way I looked between and over the near green hills to some distant and higher ones in the horizon, tinged with blue.
这样，我的目光越过近处的绿色山丘，看到地平线上远处更高的、略带蓝色的山峦。
Indeed, by standing on tiptoe I could catch a glimpse of some of the peaks of the still bluer and more distant mountain ranges in the north-west, those true-blue coins from heaven’s own mint, and also of some portion of the village.
事实上，踮起脚尖，我可以瞥见西北部更蓝更远的山脉的一些山峰，那些来自天堂的铸币厂的纯蓝色硬币，还有村庄的某些部分。
But in other directions, even from this point, I could not see over or beyond the woods which surrounded me.
但在其他方向，即使从这个角度来看，我也无法看到周围的树林。
It is well to have some water in your neighborhood, to give buoyancy to and float the earth.
附近最好有一些水，可以给地球带来浮力并使地球漂浮。
One value even of the smallest well is, that when you look into it you see that earth is not continent but insular.
即使是最小的井的一个价值是，当你观察它时，你会发现地球不是大陆而是岛屿。
This is as important as that it keeps butter cool.
这与保持黄油凉爽一样重要。
When I looked across the pond from this peak toward the Sudbury meadows, which in time of flood I distinguished elevated perhaps by a mirage in their seething valley, like a coin in a basin, all the earth beyond the pond appeared like a thin crust insulated and floated even by this small sheet of interverting water, and I was reminded that this on which I dwelt was but _dry land_.
当我从这座山峰眺望池塘对面的萨德伯里草地时，在洪水时期，我发现这片草地可能是由于沸腾的山谷中的海市蜃楼而升高的，就像盆里的一枚硬币一样，池塘以外的所有地球都显得像一层薄薄的地壳，甚至被这一小片翻转的水隔离和漂浮，我想起了我所居住的这只是_干燥的土地_。
Though the view from my door was still more contracted, I did not feel crowded or confined in the least.
虽然从我家门口看到的景色更加狭窄，但我丝毫没有感到拥挤和封闭。
There was pasture enough for my imagination.
这里有足够的牧场来满足我的想象。
The low shrub-oak plateau to which the opposite shore arose, stretched away toward the prairies of the West and the steppes of Tartary, affording ample room for all the roving families of men.
对岸的低矮灌木橡树高原一直延伸到西部大草原和鞑靼大草原，为所有流动的人类家庭提供了充足的空间。
“There are none happy in the world but beings who enjoy freely a vast horizon,”—said Damodara, when his herds required new and larger pastures.
当他的牛群需要新的、更大的牧场时，达摩达拉说道：“除了自由地享受广阔地平线的人，世界上没有人是幸福的。”
Both place and time were changed, and I dwelt nearer to those parts of the universe and to those eras in history which had most attracted me.
地点和时间都改变了，我离宇宙中最吸引我的部分和历史上的时代更近了。
Where I lived was as far off as many a region viewed nightly by astronomers.
我住的地方和天文学家每晚观测到的许多地区一样远。
We are wont to imagine rare and delectable places in some remote and more celestial corner of the system, behind the constellation of Cassiopeia’s Chair, far from noise and disturbance.
我们习惯于想象在星系中某个偏远、更神圣的角落里有一些罕见而令人愉快的地方，在仙后座星座后面，远离噪音和干扰。
I discovered that my house actually had its site in such a withdrawn, but forever new and unprofaned, part of the universe.
我发现我的房子实际上位于宇宙中这样一个僻静但永远新鲜且不亵渎的地方。
If it were worth the while to settle in those parts near to the Pleiades or the Hyades, to Aldebaran or Altair, then I was really there, or at an equal remoteness from the life which I had left behind, dwindled and twinkling with as fine a ray to my nearest neighbor, and to be seen only in moonless nights by him.
如果值得花时间定居在靠近昴宿星团或毕宿星团、毕宿五或牵牛星的那些地方，那么我就真的在那里，或者说与我身后的生活同样遥远，对我最近的邻居来说，像一道细小的光线一样缩小和闪烁，只有在没有月亮的夜晚才能被他看到。
Such was that part of creation where I had squatted;—
这就是我蹲下的造物的那一部分；——
“There was a shepherd that did live, And held his thoughts as high As were the mounts whereon his flocks Did hourly feed him by.”
“有一个牧羊人确实活着，他的思想和他的羊群每小时喂食他的山一样高。”
What should we think of the shepherd’s life if his flocks always wandered to higher pastures than his thoughts?
如果牧羊人的羊群总是游荡到比他想象的更高的牧场，我们应该如何看待牧羊人的生活呢？
Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself.
每天早晨都是一个愉快的邀请，让我的生活变得与大自然一样简单，我可以说是纯真。
I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks.
我和希腊人一样真诚地崇拜奥罗拉。
I got up early and bathed in the pond; that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which I did.
我起了个大早，到池塘里洗澡；这是一种宗教练习，也是我做过的最好的事情之一。
They say that characters were engraven on the bathing tub of king Tching-thang to this effect: “Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again.” I can understand that.
他们说，清唐王的浴缸上刻着这样的字：“每天彻底更新自己；再做一次，再做一次，永远再做一次。”我能理解。
Morning brings back the heroic ages.
早晨带回了英雄时代。
I was as much affected by the faint hum of a mosquito making its invisible and unimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sitting with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame.
黎明时分，当我坐在门窗都开着的时候，一只蚊子微弱的嗡嗡声在我的公寓里进行着看不见的、难以想象的巡游，这对我的影响就像任何曾经唱过名声的喇叭一样。
It was Homer’s requiem; itself an Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings.
这是荷马的安魂曲；它本身就是空中的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，歌唱着它自己的愤怒和流浪。
There was something cosmical about it; a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world.
它有某种宇宙性的东西。在被禁止之前，这是一个常设广告，展示着世界的永恒活力和丰饶。
The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour.
早晨，是一天中最令人难忘的季节，也是起床的时刻。
Then there is least somnolence in us; and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night.
这样我们的困倦感就最少；至少在一个小时内，我们白天和晚上都在沉睡的一部分人醒来了。
Little is to be expected of that day, if it can be called a day, to which we are not awakened by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some servitor, are not awakened by our own newly-acquired force and aspirations from within, accompanied by the undulations of celestial music, instead of factory bells, and a fragrance filling the air—to a higher life than we fell asleep from; and thus the darkness bear its fruit, and prove itself to be good, no less than the light.
如果那天我们不是被我们的天才唤醒，而是被某个仆人的机械推动，不是被我们自己新获得的力量和内心的渴望唤醒，伴随着天国音乐的起伏，而不是工厂的钟声和弥漫在空气中的芬芳，我们对这一天的期望就很低——我们不是被我们的天才唤醒的，而是被某个仆人的机械推动所唤醒的——到了比我们入睡时更高的生活；黑暗就这样结出果实，并证明自己的善良，不亚于光明。
That man who does not believe that each day contains an earlier, more sacred, and auroral hour than he has yet profaned, has despaired of life, and is pursuing a descending and darkening way.
如果一个人不相信每一天都包含着一个比他所亵渎的更早、更神圣、更耀眼的时刻，那么他就已经对生活绝望了，并且正在追求一条下降和黑暗的道路。
After a partial cessation of his sensuous life, the soul of man, or its organs rather, are reinvigorated each day, and his Genius tries again what noble life it can make.
在他的感性生活部分停止之后，人的灵魂，或者更确切地说是他的器官，每天都重新焕发活力，他的天才再次尝试它可以创造什么高贵的生活。
All memorable events, I should say, transpire in morning time and in a morning atmosphere.
我应该说，所有令人难忘的事件都发生在早晨的时间和早晨的气氛中。
The Vedas say, “All intelligences awake with the morning.” Poetry and art, and the fairest and most memorable of the actions of men, date from such an hour.
吠陀经说：“所有智慧都随着早晨醒来。”诗歌和艺术，以及人类最美丽、最令人难忘的行为，都源于这样的时刻。
All poets and heroes, like Memnon, are the children of Aurora, and emit their music at sunrise.
所有的诗人和英雄，就像门农一样，都是奥罗拉的孩子，在日出时发出他们的音乐。
To him whose elastic and vigorous thought keeps pace with the sun, the day is a perpetual morning.
对于思想富有弹性、活力与太阳同步的人来说，白天就是永恒的早晨。
It matters not what the clocks say or the attitudes and labors of men.
时钟所说的或人们的态度和劳动并不重要。
Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me.
早晨是我醒来的时候，我心中有黎明。
Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.
道德改革就是摆脱睡眠的努力。
Why is it that men give so poor an account of their day if they have not been slumbering?
如果人们没有睡觉，为什么他们对自己的一天的描述如此糟糕？
They are not such poor calculators.
他们的计算器可不那么差。
If they had not been overcome with drowsiness, they would have performed something.
如果他们没有被困倦所征服，他们就会做出一些事情。
The millions are awake enough for physical labor; but only one in a million is awake enough for effective intellectual exertion, only one in a hundred millions to a poetic or divine life.
数百万人有足够的清醒时间进行体力劳动；但只有百万分之一的人能够清醒地进行有效的智力活动，只有亿分之一的人能够过上诗意或神圣的生活。
To be awake is to be alive.
清醒就是活着。
I have never yet met a man who was quite awake.
我还没有遇到过一个完全清醒的人。
How could I have looked him in the face?
我怎么可能正视他的脸呢？
We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not forsake us in our soundest sleep.
我们必须学会重新醒来并保持清醒，不是通过机械辅助，而是通过对黎明的无限期待，黎明不会在我们熟睡时抛弃我们。
I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor.
我所知道的最令人鼓舞的事实莫过于人类通过有意识的努力来提升自己生活的无可置疑的能力。
It is something to be able to paint a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so to make a few objects beautiful; but it is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look, which morally we can do.
能够画一幅特定的图画，或者雕刻一座雕像，从而使一些物体变得美丽，这是一件很重要的事情；但雕刻和描绘我们所观察的气氛和媒介要光荣得多，从道德上讲，我们可以做到这一点。
To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts.
影响一天的品质，那就是艺术的最高境界。
Every man is tasked to make his life, even in its details, worthy of the contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour.
每个人都有责任让自己的生活，即使是细节，也值得在他最崇高和最关键的时刻进行沉思。
If we refused, or rather used up, such paltry information as we get, the oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done.
如果我们拒绝，或者更确切地说用完我们所获得的这些微不足道的信息，神谕会清楚地告诉我们如何做到这一点。
I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.
我走进树林是因为我希望生活得刻意，只面对生活的基本事实，看看我是否能学到它所教的东西，而不是当我临终时，发现我没有活过。
I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary.
我不想过不属于生活的生活，生活是如此珍贵；我也不想实行辞职，除非非常必要。
I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion.
我想要活得深刻，汲取生命的全部精髓，活得如此坚强，斯巴达式地生活，以击溃所有非生命的东西，大刀阔斧地砍掉一切，把生命逼入角落，把它压缩到最低限度，如果它被证明是卑鄙的，那么为什么要彻底了解它的卑鄙，并将其卑鄙公之于世呢？或者，如果它是崇高的，那就通过经验来了解它，并能够在我的下一次旅行中真实地描述它。
For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have _somewhat hastily_ concluded that it is the chief end of man here to “glorify God and enjoy him forever.”
在我看来，对于大多数人来说，无论是出于魔鬼还是出于上帝，都对此抱有一种奇怪的不确定性，并且有点仓促地得出结论，人类在这里的主要目的是“荣耀上帝并永远以他为乐”。
Still we live meanly, like ants; though the fable tells us that we were long ago changed into men; like pygmies we fight with cranes; it is error upon error, and clout upon clout, and our best virtue has for its occasion a superfluous and evitable wretchedness.
但我们仍像蚂蚁一样卑微地生活；尽管寓言告诉我们，我们早已变成了人；我们像俾格米人一样与鹤作战；这是一个错误又一个错误，一个影响又一个影响，而我们最好的美德也因此而成为一种多余的、不可避免的不幸。
Our life is frittered away by detail.
我们的生活被细节所浪费。
An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest.
一个诚实的人几乎不需要数超过他的十个手指，或者在极端的情况下，他可能会加上他的十个脚趾，而把其余的都算在一起。
Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!
简单，简单，简单！
I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb nail.
我说，你的事只当二三件，不要成百事成千件。不要数一百万，而是数六打，并把你的账目记在指甲上。
In the midst of this chopping sea of civilized life, such are the clouds and storms and quicksands and thousand-and-one items to be allowed for, that a man has to live, if he would not founder and go to the bottom and not make his port at all, by dead reckoning, and he must be a great calculator indeed who succeeds.
在文明生活的这片波涛汹涌的海洋中，有如此多的乌云、风暴、流沙和成千上万的物品，一个人必须生存，如果他不想沉没，沉入海底，根本不靠航位推算，他必须是一个真正成功的伟大的算计者。
Simplify, simplify.
简化，简化。
Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.
如果有必要的话，一日三餐可以只吃一顿；不是一百道菜，而是五道菜；并按比例减少其他东西。
Our life is like a German Confederacy, made up of petty states, with its boundary forever fluctuating, so that even a German cannot tell you how it is bounded at any moment.
我们的生活就像一个由小国组成的德意志邦联，其边界永远在变化，以至于即使是德国人也无法随时告诉你它的边界如何。
The nation itself, with all its so called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expense, by want of calculation and a worthy aim, as the million households in the land; and the only cure for it as for them is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan simplicity of life and elevation of purpose.
国家本身，以及所有所谓的内部改进，顺便说一句，都是外在和肤浅的，就是这样一个笨拙和杂乱的机构，杂乱的家具，被自己的陷阱绊倒，被奢侈和不顾一切的开支所毁坏，因为缺乏计算和有价值的目标，就像这片土地上的数百万户一样；对于他们来说，唯一的治疗方法是严格的经济、严格的、超过斯巴达式的简单生活和崇高的目标。
It lives too fast.
它活得太快了。
Men think that it is essential that the _Nation_ have commerce, and export ice, and talk through a telegraph, and ride thirty miles an hour, without a doubt, whether _they_ do or not; but whether we should live like baboons or like men, is a little uncertain.
人们认为，毫无疑问，国家必须有商业、出口冰、通过电报交谈、每小时行驶三十英里，无论他们是否这样做；但我们是否应该像狒狒一样生活，还是像人一样生活，还有些不确定。
If we do not get out sleepers, and forge rails, and devote days and nights to the work, but go to tinkering upon our _lives_ to improve _them_, who will build railroads?
如果我们不走出卧铺，锻造铁轨，日日夜夜地投入工作，而是去修补我们的生活以改善生活，谁来建造铁路呢？
And if railroads are not built, how shall we get to heaven in season?
如果不修建铁路，我们如何及时到达天堂呢？
But if we stay at home and mind our business, who will want railroads?
但如果我们呆在家里专心做事，谁会想要铁路呢？
We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us.
我们不乘坐铁路；它骑在我们身上。
Did you ever think what those sleepers are that underlie the railroad?
你有没有想过铁路下面的枕木是什么？
Each one is a man, an Irish-man, or a Yankee man.
每个人都是一个男人，一个爱尔兰人，或者一个北方佬。
The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them.
上面铺着铁轨，上面铺满了沙子，汽车在上面平稳地行驶。
They are sound sleepers, I assure you.
我向你保证，他们睡得很香。
And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon.
每隔几年就会有新的土地被铺设和碾压；因此，如果有些人有幸乘坐铁轨，另一些人则不幸被骑在铁轨上。
And when they run over a man that is walking in his sleep, a supernumerary sleeper in the wrong position, and wake him up, they suddenly stop the cars, and make a hue and cry about it, as if this were an exception.
当他们碾过一个正在睡梦中行走的人，一个睡姿不对的多余人，把他吵醒时，他们会突然停下车，大喊大叫，好像这是一个例外。
I am glad to know that it takes a gang of men for every five miles to keep the sleepers down and level in their beds as it is, for this is a sign that they may sometime get up again.
我很高兴知道，每五英里就需要一帮人才能让睡着的人保持在床上平躺，因为这是他们有时可能会再次站起来的迹象。
Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life?
为什么我们要如此匆忙而浪费生命呢？
We are determined to be starved before we are hungry.
我们决心先挨饿再挨饿。
Men say that a stitch in time saves nine, and so they take a thousand stitches to-day to save nine to-morrow.
人们说，及时缝一针可以省九针，所以他们今天缝一千针，明天就可以省九针。
As for _work_, we haven’t any of any consequence.
至于_工作_，我们没有任何后果。
We have the Saint Vitus’ dance, and cannot possibly keep our heads still.
我们有圣维特之舞，不可能保持头脑静止。
If I should only give a few pulls at the parish bell-rope, as for a fire, that is, without setting the bell, there is hardly a man on his farm in the outskirts of Concord, notwithstanding that press of engagements which was his excuse so many times this morning, nor a boy, nor a woman, I might almost say, but would forsake all and follow that sound, not mainly to save property from the flames, but, if we will confess the truth, much more to see it burn, since burn it must, and we, be it known, did not set it on fire,—or to see it put out, and have a hand in it, if that is done as handsomely; yes, even if it were the parish church itself.
如果我只拉几下教区的钟绳，就像火灾一样，也就是说，不敲响钟声，尽管今天早上他多次以订婚为借口，但在康科德郊区的农场里几乎没有一个男人，也没有一个男孩，也没有一个女人，我几乎可以说，但我会放弃一切，跟随那声音，主要不是为了从火焰中拯救财产，而是，如果我们承认事实，更多的是为了看到它烧，因为它必须烧，而众所周知，我们并没有放火烧它，或者亲眼目睹它被扑灭，也没有亲手介入，如果这样做做得同样漂亮的话；是的，即使是教区教堂本身。
Hardly a man takes a half hour’s nap after dinner, but when he wakes he holds up his head and asks, “What’s the news?” as if the rest of mankind had stood his sentinels.
很少有人饭后会小睡半个小时，但当他醒来时，他会抬起头问：“有什么消息吗？”仿佛其余的人类都站在他的哨兵身边。
Some give directions to be waked every half hour, doubtless for no other purpose; and then, to pay for it, they tell what they have dreamed.
有些人指示每半小时叫醒一次，无疑没有其他目的；然后，为了付出代价，他们说出了自己的梦想。
After a night’s sleep the news is as indispensable as the breakfast.
经过一夜的睡眠后，新闻就像早餐一样不可或缺。
“Pray tell me any thing new that has happened to a man any where on this globe,”—and he reads it over his coffee and rolls, that a man has had his eyes gouged out this morning on the Wachito River; never dreaming the while that he lives in the dark unfathomed mammoth cave of this world, and has but the rudiment of an eye himself.
“请告诉我这个地球上任何一个地方的人身上发生了什么新的事情，”——他一边喝着咖啡，一边吃着面包卷，读到了这则消息，今天早上，在瓦奇托河上，一个人的眼睛被挖了出来；他做梦也想不到，当他生活在这个世界的黑暗深不可测的猛犸洞里时，他自己却只有一只眼睛的雏形。
For my part, I could easily do without the post-office.
就我而言，没有邮局我也能轻松办到。
I think that there are very few important communications made through it.
我认为通过它进行的重要沟通很少。
To speak critically, I never received more than one or two letters in my life—I wrote this some years ago—that were worth the postage.
批评性地说，我一生中从未收到过超过一两封值得邮资的信——这是我几年前写的。
The penny-post is, commonly, an institution through which you seriously offer a man that penny for his thoughts which is so often safely offered in jest.
便士邮报通常是一种机构，通过它，你可以认真地为一个人的想法提供一便士，而这通常是在开玩笑中安全地提供的。
And I am sure that I never read any memorable news in a newspaper.
我确信我从未在报纸上读过任何令人难忘的新闻。
If we read of one man robbed, or murdered, or killed by accident, or one house burned, or one vessel wrecked, or one steamboat blown up, or one cow run over on the Western Railroad, or one mad dog killed, or one lot of grasshoppers in the winter,—we never need read of another.
如果我们读到一个人被抢劫、被谋杀或被意外杀害，或者一栋房屋被烧毁，或者一艘船被毁坏，或者一艘汽船被炸毁，或者一头牛在西部铁路上被碾压，或者一只疯狗被杀，或者冬天有很多蚱蜢，我们永远不需要读到其他的故事。
One is enough.
一个就够了。
If you are acquainted with the principle, what do you care for a myriad instances and applications?
如果你熟悉了这个原理，你还关心那么多的实例和应用吗？
To a philosopher all _news_, as it is called, is gossip, and they who edit and read it are old women over their tea.
对于哲学家来说，所谓的所有新闻都是八卦，编辑和阅读新闻的人都是喝茶的老妇人。
Yet not a few are greedy after this gossip.
然而，不少人在听到这些流言之后却变得贪婪起来。
There was such a rush, as I hear, the other day at one of the offices to learn the foreign news by the last arrival, that several large squares of plate glass belonging to the establishment were broken by the pressure,—news which I seriously think a ready wit might write a twelve-month, or twelve years, beforehand with sufficient accuracy.
正如我所听到的那样，有一天，在最后到达的人到达时，在其中一个办公室里，人们非常匆忙地了解外国新闻，以至于属于该机构的几个大方块平板玻璃在压力下破裂了，我认真地认为，一个聪明的人可能会提前十二个月或十二年足够准确地写下这些消息。
As for Spain, for instance, if you know how to throw in Don Carlos and the Infanta, and Don Pedro and Seville and Granada, from time to time in the right proportions,—they may have changed the names a little since I saw the papers,—and serve up a bull-fight when other entertainments fail, it will be true to the letter, and give us as good an idea of the exact state or ruin of things in Spain as the most succinct and lucid reports under this head in the newspapers: and as for England, almost the last significant scrap of news from that quarter was the revolution of 1649; and if you have learned the history of her crops for an average year, you never need attend to that thing again, unless your speculations are of a merely pecuniary character.
以西班牙为例，如果你知道如何时不时地以正确的比例加入唐·卡洛斯和公主、唐·佩德罗、塞维利亚和格拉纳达——自从我看到报纸以来，他们可能已经稍微改变了名字——并在其他娱乐活动失败时进行斗牛，这将是不折不扣的，让我们对西班牙的确切状况或毁灭有一个很好的了解，就像本报告中最简洁明了的报告一样。报纸上的头条新闻：至于英国，该季度最后的重大新闻几乎是 1649 年的革命；如果你了解了她平均一年的农作物历史，你就再也不需要关心那件事了，除非你的投机纯粹是金钱性质的。
If one may judge who rarely looks into the newspapers, nothing new does ever happen in foreign parts, a French revolution not excepted.
如果你判断一下那些很少看报纸的人，外国地区从来没有发生过什么新鲜事，法国大革命也不例外。
What news!
什么消息啊！
how much more important to know what that is which was never old!
知道那永远不老的东西是什么更重要！
“Kieou-he-yu (great dignitary of the state of Wei) sent a man to Khoung-tseu to know his news.
“魏国大贵遣人到孔子探听消息。
Khoung-tseu caused the messenger to be seated near him, and questioned him in these terms: What is your master doing?
孔子叫使者坐在他旁边，问他：你的主人在做什么？
The messenger answered with respect: My master desires to diminish the number of his faults, but he cannot come to the end of them.
使者恭敬地答道：我的主人欲减少他的过失，但不能消灭。
The messenger being gone, the philosopher remarked: What a worthy messenger!
使者走了之后，哲学家说道：多么值得尊敬的使者啊！
What a worthy messenger!” The preacher, instead of vexing the ears of drowsy farmers on their day of rest at the end of the week,—for Sunday is the fit conclusion of an ill-spent week, and not the fresh and brave beginning of a new one,—with this one other draggle-tail of a sermon, should shout with thundering voice, “Pause!
多么值得尊敬的使者啊！”传教士不应该在一周结束的休息日让昏昏欲睡的农民的耳朵烦恼——因为周日是度过了不愉快的一周的适当结束，而不是新一周的新鲜而勇敢的开始——在这又是一场拖沓的布道中，他应该用雷鸣般的声音喊道：“暂停！
Avast!
阿瓦斯特！
Why so seeming fast, but deadly slow?”
为什么看起来那么快，但慢得要命？”
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous.
虚假和妄想被认为是最可靠的真理，而现实却是神话般的。
If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments.
如果人们能够坚定地只观察现实，不让自己被欺骗，那么生活，与我们所知的事物相比，就会像童话故事和天方夜谭的娱乐一样。
If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets.
如果我们只尊重不可避免且有权存在的事物，音乐和诗歌就会在街道上回响。
When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence,—that petty fears and petty pleasures are but the shadow of the reality.
当我们不慌不忙、明智时，我们就会认识到，只有伟大而有价值的事物才具有永久和绝对的存在——琐碎的恐惧和琐碎的快乐只不过是现实的影子。
This is always exhilarating and sublime.
这总是令人兴奋和崇高的。
By closing the eyes and slumbering, and consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundations.
通过闭上眼睛和沉睡，并同意被表演所欺骗，人们在各处建立并确认了他们的日常例行公事和习惯，而这仍然建立在纯粹虚幻的基础上。
Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live it worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure.
玩弄生活的孩子比男人更清楚地认识到生活的真正规律和关系，而男人却未能有价值地生活，但他们认为自己通过经验，即通过失败，变得更加明智。
I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which he lived.
我在一本印度书籍中读到，“有一个国王的儿子，他在婴儿时期就被驱逐出自己的家乡，由一个林务员抚养长大，在那个国家长大成人，他想象自己属于与他生活在一起的野蛮种族。
One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince.
他父亲的一位大臣发现了他，向他透露了他的身份，消除了对他性格的误解，他知道自己是一位王子。
So soul,” continues the Hindoo philosopher, “from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be _Brahme_.” I perceive that we inhabitants of New England live this mean life that we do because our vision does not penetrate the surface of things.
因此，灵魂，”这位印度哲学家继续说道，“从它所处的环境来看，它会错误地认识自己的性格，直到某个神圣的老师向它揭示真相，然后它才知道自己是_Brahme_。”我认为我们新英格兰居民过着这种卑鄙的生活，因为我们的视野无法穿透事物的表面。
We think that that _is_ which _appears_ to be.
我们认为这就是_看起来_的样子。
If a man should walk through this town and see only the reality, where, think you, would the “Mill-dam” go to?
如果一个人走过这个小镇，只看到现实，你认为“米尔水坝”会去哪里？
If he should give us an account of the realities he beheld there, we should not recognize the place in his description.
如果他向我们描述他在那里所看到的现实，我们就不应该在他的描述中认出这个地方。
Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop, or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them.
看看教堂、法院、监狱、商店或住宅，并在真实的目光面前说出那东西到底是什么，它们都会在你的叙述中化为碎片。
Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man.
人们将真理视为遥远的，在星系的边缘，在最远的星星后面，在亚当之前和最后一个人之后。
In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime.
永恒中确实有一些真实而崇高的东西。
But all these times and places and occasions are now and here.
但所有这些时间、地点和场合都在此时此地。
God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all the ages.
上帝本身在当下达到了顶峰，并且在历经岁月的流逝后也永远不会变得更加神圣。
And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us.
只有不断地灌输和浸透我们周围的现实，我们才能理解崇高和崇高的东西。
The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us.
宇宙不断地、顺从地回应我们的观念；无论我们走得快还是慢，轨道都为我们铺设好了。
Let us spend our lives in conceiving then.
那就让我们用一生的时间去孕育吧。
The poet or the artist never yet had so fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.
诗人或艺术家从未有过如此公平和高贵的设计，但他的一些后代至少可以实现它。
Let us spend one day as deliberately as Nature, and not be thrown off the track by every nutshell and mosquito’s wing that falls on the rails.
让我们像大自然一样从容地度过这一天，不要被落在铁轨上的每一粒果壳和蚊子翅膀弄得偏离轨道。
Let us rise early and fast, or break fast, gently and without perturbation; let company come and let company go, let the bells ring and the children cry,—determined to make a day of it.
让我们早起并快速起床，或者轻柔地、不受干扰地开斋；让同伴来，让同伴走，让铃声响起，让孩子们哭泣，——决心好好度过这一天。
Why should we knock under and go with the stream?
为什么我们要踏踏实实、随波逐流呢？
Let us not be upset and overwhelmed in that terrible rapid and whirlpool called a dinner, situated in the meridian shallows.
让我们不要在子午浅滩中被称为晚餐的可怕急流和漩涡中感到不安和不知所措。
Weather this danger and you are safe, for the rest of the way is down hill.
度过这个危险，你就安全了，因为剩下的路都是下坡路。
With unrelaxed nerves, with morning vigor, sail by it, looking another way, tied to the mast like Ulysses.
带着未放松的神经，带着早晨的活力，航行经过它，看另一个方向，像尤利西斯一样绑在桅杆上。
If the engine whistles, let it whistle till it is hoarse for its pains.
如果发动机鸣笛，就让它鸣笛，直到声音嘶哑为止。
If the bell rings, why should we run?
如果铃声响了，我们为什么要跑？
We will consider what kind of music they are like.
我们会考虑他们是什么样的音乐。
Let us settle ourselves, and work and wedge our feet downward through the mud and slush of opinion, and prejudice, and tradition, and delusion, and appearance, that alluvion which covers the globe, through Paris and London, through New York and Boston and Concord, through church and state, through poetry and philosophy and religion, till we come to a hard bottom and rocks in place, which we can call _reality_, and say, This is, and no mistake; and then begin, having a _point d’appui_, below freshet and frost and fire, a place where you might found a wall or a state, or set a lamp-post safely, or perhaps a gauge, not a Nilometer, but a Realometer, that future ages might know how deep a freshet of shams and appearances had gathered from time to time.
让我们安定下来，努力工作，脚踏实地，穿过意见、偏见、传统、错觉和表象的泥泞和泥浆，穿过覆盖全球的冲积物，穿过巴黎和伦敦，穿过纽约、波士顿和康科德，穿过教会和国家，穿过诗歌、哲学和宗教，直到我们到达一个坚硬的底部和岩石到位，我们可以称之为_现实_，并说，这是，没有错误;然后开始，在新鲜空气、霜冻和火焰之下有一个点，在那里你可以找到一堵墙或一个国家，或者安全地设置一根灯柱，或者也许是一个测量仪，不是尼罗河测量仪，而是真实测量仪，以便未来的时代可能知道虚假和外表的新鲜空气不时聚集的深度。
If you stand right fronting and face to face to a fact, you will see the sun glimmer on both its surfaces, as if it were a cimeter, and feel its sweet edge dividing you through the heart and marrow, and so you will happily conclude your mortal career.
如果你站在正前方，面对事实，你会看到阳光在它的两面闪烁，仿佛它是一公分，并感受到它甜蜜的边缘将你分割成心和骨髓，你就会愉快地结束你的凡人生涯。
Be it life or death, we crave only reality.
无论生还是死，我们只渴望现实。
If we are really dying, let us hear the rattle in our throats and feel cold in the extremities; if we are alive, let us go about our business.
如果我们真的快要死了，让我们听到喉咙里嘎嘎作响，感到四肢冰凉；如果我们还活着，就让我们忙自己的事吧。
Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in.
时间不过是我钓鱼的溪流。
I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is.
我一边喝一边喝；但当我喝酒的时候，我看到了沙底，并意识到它有多浅。
Its thin current slides away, but eternity remains.
它的细流渐渐消失，但永恒依然存在。
I would drink deeper; fish in the sky, whose bottom is pebbly with stars.
我会喝得更深；天上有鱼，底部布满星星的卵石。
I cannot count one.
我数不清一个。
I know not the first letter of the alphabet.
我不认识字母表中的第一个字母。
I have always been regretting that I was not as wise as the day I was born.
我一直在后悔自己没有出生那天那么聪明。
The intellect is a cleaver; it discerns and rifts its way into the secret of things.
智力是一把砍刀；它能够洞察事物的秘密并开辟出一条道路。
I do not wish to be any more busy with my hands than is necessary.
我不想让我的双手变得比必要的更忙。
My head is hands and feet.
我的头是手和脚。
I feel all my best faculties concentrated in it.
我觉得我所有最好的才能都集中在其中。
My instinct tells me that my head is an organ for burrowing, as some creatures use their snout and fore-paws, and with it I would mine and burrow my way through these hills.
我的直觉告诉我，我的头是一个挖洞的器官，就像一些生物使用它们的鼻子和前爪一样，我可以用它在这些山丘中挖掘和挖洞。
I think that the richest vein is somewhere hereabouts; so by the divining-rod and thin rising vapors I judge; and here I will begin to mine.
我认为最丰富的矿脉就在附近的某个地方；因此，我通过占卜棒和薄薄上升的蒸汽来判断；在这里我将开始我的工作。
Reading
阅读
With a little more deliberation in the choice of their pursuits, all men would perhaps become essentially students and observers, for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike.
如果在选择自己的追求时多加考虑一下，所有人也许本质上都会成为学生和观察者，因为他们的本性和命运无疑对所有人来说都是有趣的。
In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident.
在为我们自己或我们的后代积累财产、建立家庭或国家，甚至获得名誉时，我们都是有死的；但在面对真理时，我们是不朽的，无需担心变化或意外。
The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision.
最古老的埃及或印度哲学家掀起了神像上面纱的一角；颤抖的长袍仍然举起，我凝视着和他一样新鲜的荣耀，因为当时是我在他体内如此大胆，而现在正是他在我体内回顾了这个景象。
No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed.
那件长袍上没有沾上灰尘；自从这位神性被揭示以来，还没有过去任何时间。
That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.
我们真正改进的时间，或者可以改进的时间，既不是过去，也不是现在，也不是未来。
My residence was more favorable, not only to thought, but to serious reading, than a university; and though I was beyond the range of the ordinary circulating library, I had more than ever come within the influence of those books which circulate round the world, whose sentences were first written on bark, and are now merely copied from time to time on to linen paper.
我的住处比大学更有利于思考，而且更有利于认真阅读。虽然我超出了普通流通图书馆的范围，但我比以往任何时候都更受到那些在世界各地流通的书籍的影响，这些书籍的句子最初是写在树皮上的，现在只是时不时地抄到亚麻纸上。
Says the poet Mîr Camar Uddîn Mast, “Being seated to run through the region of the spiritual world; I have had this advantage in books.
诗人米尔·卡马尔·乌丁·马斯特说：“坐着穿越精神世界的领域；我在书中拥有这种优势。
To be intoxicated by a single glass of wine; I have experienced this pleasure when I have drunk the liquor of the esoteric doctrines.” I kept Homer’s Iliad on my table through the summer, though I looked at his page only now and then.
一杯酒就醉了；当我喝了密法之酒时，我体会到了这种快乐。”整个夏天我都把荷马的《伊利亚特》放在桌子上，尽管我只是偶尔看看他的书页。
Incessant labor with my hands, at first, for I had my house to finish and my beans to hoe at the same time, made more study impossible.
起初，我要不停地用手劳动，因为我要完成我的房子，同时还要锄地豆子，这使得我无法进行更多的学习。
Yet I sustained myself by the prospect of such reading in future.
然而，我对未来阅读此类书籍的憧憬支撑着自己。
I read one or two shallow books of travel in the intervals of my work, till that employment made me ashamed of myself, and I asked where it was then that _I_ lived.
我在工作间隙读了一两本肤浅的旅行书，直到这份工作让我为自己感到羞愧，我问我当时住在哪里。
The student may read Homer or Æschylus in the Greek without danger of dissipation or luxuriousness, for it implies that he in some measure emulate their heroes, and consecrate morning hours to their pages.
学生可以阅读希腊语的荷马或埃斯库罗斯，而不会有放荡或奢侈的危险，因为这意味着他在某种程度上效仿他们的英雄，并将早晨的时间奉献给他们的书页。
The heroic books, even if printed in the character of our mother tongue, will always be in a language dead to degenerate times; and we must laboriously seek the meaning of each word and line, conjecturing a larger sense than common use permits out of what wisdom and valor and generosity we have.
英雄的书籍，即使是用我们的母语印刷的，也永远是用一种在堕落时代中死去的语言写成的。我们必须费力地寻找每一个单词和每行的含义，用我们所拥有的智慧、勇气和慷慨来推测出比通常使用所允许的更大的含义。
The modern cheap and fertile press, with all its translations, has done little to bring us nearer to the heroic writers of antiquity.
现代廉价而丰富的媒体，及其各种翻译，并没有让我们更接近古代的英雄作家。
They seem as solitary, and the letter in which they are printed as rare and curious, as ever.
它们看起来一如既往地孤独，而印有它们的信也一如既往地稀有而好奇。
It is worth the expense of youthful days and costly hours, if you learn only some words of an ancient language, which are raised out of the trivialness of the street, to be perpetual suggestions and provocations.
如果你只学习一些古老语言的单词，这些单词是从街头的琐事中提出来的，成为永久的建议和挑衅，那么花费青春的时光和昂贵的时间是值得的。
It is not in vain that the farmer remembers and repeats the few Latin words which he has heard.
农民记住并重复他听到的几个拉丁单词并不是徒劳的。
Men sometimes speak as if the study of the classics would at length make way for more modern and practical studies; but the adventurous student will always study classics, in whatever language they may be written and however ancient they may be.
人们有时会说，好像对古典的研究最终将为更现代和实用的研究让路。但富有冒险精神的学生总是会研究经典，无论它们是用什么语言写成的，无论它们有多古老。
For what are the classics but the noblest recorded thoughts of man?
经典除了记录人类最崇高的思想之外还有什么呢？
They are the only oracles which are not decayed, and there are such answers to the most modern inquiry in them as Delphi and Dodona never gave.
它们是唯一没有腐烂的神谕，对于最现代的询问，它们给出了德尔菲和多多纳从未给出过的答案。
We might as well omit to study Nature because she is old.
我们不妨放弃研究自然，因为她老了。
To read well, that is, to read true books in a true spirit, is a noble exercise, and one that will task the reader more than any exercise which the customs of the day esteem.
好好读书，也就是说，以真正的精神去读真正的书，是一种崇高的练习，它比当今习俗所推崇的任何练习都更能考验读者的能力。
It requires a training such as the athletes underwent, the steady intention almost of the whole life to this object.
它需要运动员所接受的训练，以及几乎一生的稳定意图。
Books must be read as deliberately and reservedly as they were written.
读书必须像写书一样深思熟虑、有所保留。
It is not enough even to be able to speak the language of that nation by which they are written, for there is a memorable interval between the spoken and the written language, the language heard and the language read.
即使能够说书写它们的民族的语言也是不够的，因为在口语和书面语言、听到的语言和读到的语言之间存在着令人难忘的间隔。
The one is commonly transitory, a sound, a tongue, a dialect merely, almost brutish, and we learn it unconsciously, like the brutes, of our mothers.
这种东西通常是短暂的，仅仅是一种声音、一种舌头、一种方言，几乎是野蛮的，我们像我们母亲的野兽一样，无意识地学会了它。
The other is the maturity and experience of that; if that is our mother tongue, this is our father tongue, a reserved and select expression, too significant to be heard by the ear, which we must be born again in order to speak.
另一个是成熟度和经验；如果那是我们的母语，那么这就是我们的父语，一种含蓄而精挑细选的表达方式，意义重大，耳朵听不到，我们必须重生才能说话。
The crowds of men who merely _spoke_ the Greek and Latin tongues in the middle ages were not entitled by the accident of birth to _read_ the works of genius written in those languages; for these were not written in that Greek or Latin which they knew, but in the select language of literature.
中世纪时，一群只讲希腊语和拉丁语的人，由于出生的偶然性，并没有资格阅读用这些语言写成的天才作品；他们也没有资格阅读用这些语言写成的天才作品。因为这些书不是用他们所知道的希腊语或拉丁语写的，而是用选定的文学语言写的。
They had not learned the nobler dialects of Greece and Rome, but the very materials on which they were written were waste paper to them, and they prized instead a cheap contemporary literature.
他们没有学过希腊和罗马的高贵方言，但书写这些文字的材料对他们来说就是废纸，他们更看重的是廉价的当代文学。
But when the several nations of Europe had acquired distinct though rude written languages of their own, sufficient for the purposes of their rising literatures, then first learning revived, and scholars were enabled to discern from that remoteness the treasures of antiquity.
但是，当欧洲的几个国家获得了自己独特的、虽然粗俗的书面语言，足以满足其新兴文学的目的时，学问首先复兴了，学者们能够从遥远的地方辨别出古代的宝藏。
What the Roman and Grecian multitude could not _hear_, after the lapse of ages a few scholars _read_, and a few scholars only are still reading it.
罗马和希腊大众听不到的东西，在多年之后只有少数学者读过，而只有少数学者仍在阅读。
However much we may admire the orator’s occasional bursts of eloquence, the noblest written words are commonly as far behind or above the fleeting spoken language as the firmament with its stars is behind the clouds.
无论我们多么钦佩演说家偶尔迸发的雄辩，最崇高的书面文字通常都远远落后于或高于转瞬即逝的口语，就像繁星密布的苍穹位于云层后面一样。
_There_ are the stars, and they who can may read them.
_那里_有星星，有能力的人都可以读到它们。
The astronomers forever comment on and observe them.
天文学家永远评论和观察它们。
They are not exhalations like our daily colloquies and vaporous breath.
它们不像我们日常的对话和蒸气呼吸那样的呼气。
What is called eloquence in the forum is commonly found to be rhetoric in the study.
论坛里所谓的口才，在学习中通常都是修辞学。
The orator yields to the inspiration of a transient occasion, and speaks to the mob before him, to those who can _hear_ him; but the writer, whose more equable life is his occasion, and who would be distracted by the event and the crowd which inspire the orator, speaks to the intellect and health of mankind, to all in any age who can _understand_ him.
演说家屈服于短暂的灵感，向他面前的暴民讲话，向那些能听到他讲话的人讲话。但是作家，他的生活更加平静，他会被激发演说家灵感的事件和人群分散注意力，他向任何时代的所有能够理解他的人谈论人类的智慧和健康。
No wonder that Alexander carried the Iliad with him on his expeditions in a precious casket.
难怪亚历山大在探险时将《伊利亚特》装在珍贵的棺材里随身携带。
A written word is the choicest of relics.
文字是最珍贵的遗物。
It is something at once more intimate with us and more universal than any other work of art.
它比任何其他艺术作品都更贴近我们，也更具有普遍性。
It is the work of art nearest to life itself.
它是最接近生活本身的艺术作品。
It may be translated into every language, and not only be read but actually breathed from all human lips;—not be represented on canvas or in marble only, but be carved out of the breath of life itself.
它可以被翻译成每一种语言，不仅可以被阅读，而且可以被所有人类的嘴唇实际呼吸；——不仅仅是在画布或大理石上表现出来，而是从生命本身的呼吸中雕刻出来。
The symbol of an ancient man’s thought becomes a modern man’s speech.
古代人思想的象征变成了现代人的言语。
Two thousand summers have imparted to the monuments of Grecian literature, as to her marbles, only a maturer golden and autumnal tint, for they have carried their own serene and celestial atmosphere into all lands to protect them against the corrosion of time.
两千个夏天给希腊文学的丰碑赋予了更加成熟的金色和秋天的色彩，就像给她的大理石一样，因为它们将自己宁静和神圣的气氛带到了所有土地上，以保护它们免受时间的腐蚀。
Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance of generations and nations.
书籍是世界的宝贵财富，是世代相传、民族相宜的遗产。
Books, the oldest and the best, stand naturally and rightfully on the shelves of every cottage.
最古老、最好的书籍自然而然地摆放在每间小屋的书架上。
They have no cause of their own to plead, but while they enlighten and sustain the reader his common sense will not refuse them.
他们没有自己的理由来辩护，但当他们启发和支持读者时，他的常识不会拒绝他们。
Their authors are a natural and irresistible aristocracy in every society, and, more than kings or emperors, exert an influence on mankind.
它们的作者是每个社会中天生的、不可抗拒的贵族，对人类的影响比国王或皇帝还要大。
When the illiterate and perhaps scornful trader has earned by enterprise and industry his coveted leisure and independence, and is admitted to the circles of wealth and fashion, he turns inevitably at last to those still higher but yet inaccessible circles of intellect and genius, and is sensible only of the imperfection of his culture and the vanity and insufficiency of all his riches, and further proves his good sense by the pains which he takes to secure for his children that intellectual culture whose want he so keenly feels; and thus it is that he becomes the founder of a family.
当文盲、也许是轻蔑的商人通过企业和工业赢得了令人垂涎的休闲和独立，并被允许进入财富和时尚圈子时，他最终不可避免地转向那些更高但难以进入的知识和天才圈子，并且只意识到他的文化的不完美和他所有财富的虚荣和不足，并通过他为孩子们确保他所需要的知识文化而付出的努力进一步证明了他的良好判断力。敏锐地感觉到；就这样，他成为了一个家庭的创始人。
Those who have not learned to read the ancient classics in the language in which they were written must have a very imperfect knowledge of the history of the human race; for it is remarkable that no transcript of them has ever been made into any modern tongue, unless our civilization itself may be regarded as such a transcript.
那些没有学会用其所用语言阅读古代经典的人，对人类历史的了解一定是非常不完善的。因为值得注意的是，它们的抄本从未被制成任何现代语言，除非我们的文明本身可以被视为这样的抄本。
Homer has never yet been printed in English, nor Æschylus, nor Virgil even—works as refined, as solidly done, and as beautiful almost as the morning itself; for later writers, say what we will of their genius, have rarely, if ever, equalled the elaborate beauty and finish and the lifelong and heroic literary labors of the ancients.
荷马的英文还没有出版过，埃斯库罗斯也没有，甚至维吉尔的作品也没有出版过——作品精致、扎实、美丽，几乎就像早晨本身一样；对于后来的作家来说，无论我们如何评价他们的天才，都很少能够与古人的精致美感和完成度以及毕生英勇的文学劳动相媲美。
They only talk of forgetting them who never knew them.
他们只是谈论忘记那些从未认识他们的人。
It will be soon enough to forget them when we have the learning and the genius which will enable us to attend to and appreciate them.
当我们拥有学识和天赋，使我们能够关注和欣赏它们时，很快就会忘记它们。
That age will be rich indeed when those relics which we call Classics, and the still older and more than classic but even less known Scriptures of the nations, shall have still further accumulated, when the Vaticans shall be filled with Vedas and Zendavestas and Bibles, with Homers and Dantes and Shakespeares, and all the centuries to come shall have successively deposited their trophies in the forum of the world.
当那些我们称为经典的遗物，以及更古老、更经典但更鲜为人知的各国圣经进一步积累时，那个时代确实会变得丰富，那时梵蒂冈将充满吠陀经、赞达维斯塔斯和圣经，荷马、但丁和莎士比亚，而未来的所有世纪将相继将他们的战利品存放在世界的论坛上。
By such a pile we may hope to scale heaven at last.
通过这样的一堆，我们最终可能希望登上天堂。
The works of the great poets have never yet been read by mankind, for only great poets can read them.
伟大诗人的作品还没有被人类读过，因为只有伟大诗人才能读懂。
They have only been read as the multitude read the stars, at most astrologically, not astronomically.
它们只是像大众阅读星星一样被阅读，顶多是占星学上的，而不是天文学上的。
Most men have learned to read to serve a paltry convenience, as they have learned to cipher in order to keep accounts and not be cheated in trade; but of reading as a noble intellectual exercise they know little or nothing; yet this only is reading, in a high sense, not that which lulls us as a luxury and suffers the nobler faculties to sleep the while, but what we have to stand on tip-toe to read and devote our most alert and wakeful hours to.
大多数人学会读书只是为了获得微不足道的便利，就像他们学会密码是为了记账和在交易中不被欺骗一样。但对于作为一种高尚的智力锻炼的阅读，他们知之甚少，甚至一无所知。然而，从更高的意义上来说，这只是阅读，而不是让我们平静下来的一种奢侈，让我们高贵的才能在睡觉时，而是我们必须踮起脚尖去阅读并投入我们最警觉和清醒的时间的东西。
I think that having learned our letters we should read the best that is in literature, and not be forever repeating our a b abs, and words of one syllable, in the fourth or fifth classes, sitting on the lowest and foremost form all our lives.
我认为，在学习了我们的字母之后，我们应该阅读文学中最好的作品，而不是永远重复我们的ababs和单音节单词，在第四或第五类中，坐在我们一生中最低和最重要的形式上。
Most men are satisfied if they read or hear read, and perchance have been convicted by the wisdom of one good book, the Bible, and for the rest of their lives vegetate and dissipate their faculties in what is called easy reading.
大多数人只要阅读或听到阅读就会感到满足，并且很可能因一本好书《圣经》的智慧而感到有罪，并在余生中过着单调乏味的生活，在所谓的轻松阅读中消磨着自己的才能。
There is a work in several volumes in our Circulating Library entitled Little Reading, which I thought referred to a town of that name which I had not been to.
我们的流通图书馆里有一本多卷的书，题为《小读书》，我以为它指的是一个我没有去过的同名小镇。
There are those who, like cormorants and ostriches, can digest all sorts of this, even after the fullest dinner of meats and vegetables, for they suffer nothing to be wasted.
有些人，比如鸬鹚和鸵鸟，即使在吃过最丰盛的肉类和蔬菜晚餐后，也能消化所有这些，因为他们不会浪费任何东西。
If others are the machines to provide this provender, they are the machines to read it.
如果其他人是提供这种供应商的机器，那么他们就是读取它的机器。
They read the nine thousandth tale about Zebulon and Sephronia, and how they loved as none had ever loved before, and neither did the course of their true love run smooth,—at any rate, how it did run and stumble, and get up again and go on!
他们读了关于西布伦和塞弗洛尼亚的千九个故事，读到了他们如何以前所未有的方式相爱，而他们的真爱之路也并非一帆风顺——至少，它是如何奔跑、跌倒、然后再次站起来、继续前行的！
how some poor unfortunate got up on to a steeple, who had better never have gone up as far as the belfry; and then, having needlessly got him up there, the happy novelist rings the bell for all the world to come together and hear, O dear!
一些可怜的不幸的人如何登上了尖塔，他们最好不要爬到钟楼那么远；然后，不必要地把他带到那里，快乐的小说家敲响了钟声，让全世界都聚集在一起聆听，哦，亲爱的！
how he did get down again!
他怎么又倒下了！
For my part, I think that they had better metamorphose all such aspiring heroes of universal noveldom into man weathercocks, as they used to put heroes among the constellations, and let them swing round there till they are rusty, and not come down at all to bother honest men with their pranks.
就我而言，我认为他们最好把所有这些有抱负的普遍小说英雄变成人类的风标，就像他们过去把英雄放在星座中一样，让他们在那里旋转直到生锈，而不要下来用他们的恶作剧来打扰诚实的人。
The next time the novelist rings the bell I will not stir though the meeting-house burn down.
下次小说家敲响钟声时，即使教堂被烧毁，我也不会再动。
“The Skip of the Tip-Toe-Hop, a Romance of the Middle Ages, by the celebrated author of ‘Tittle-Tol-Tan,’ to appear in monthly parts; a great rush; don’t all come together.” All this they read with saucer eyes, and erect and primitive curiosity, and with unwearied gizzard, whose corrugations even yet need no sharpening, just as some little four-year-old bencher his two-cent gilt-covered edition of Cinderella,—without any improvement, that I can see, in the pronunciation, or accent, or emphasis, or any more skill in extracting or inserting the moral.
“《Skip of the Tip-Toe-Hop》是一部中世纪浪漫小说，由《Tittle-Tol-Tan》的著名作者创作，将在每月的部分出现；非常匆忙；不要全部都放在一起。”他们用碟子般的眼睛，直立而原始的好奇心，用不知疲倦的砂囊来阅读这一切，其波纹甚至不需要磨砺，就像某个四岁的小板凳手读两美分镀金版的《灰姑娘》一样——我可以看到，在发音、口音、重音或提取或插入寓意方面没有任何改进。
The result is dulness of sight, a stagnation of the vital circulations, and a general deliquium and sloughing off of all the intellectual faculties.
其结果是视力暗淡、生命循环停滞、全身性精神错乱以及所有智力的丧失。
This sort of gingerbread is baked daily and more sedulously than pure wheat or rye-and-Indian in almost every oven, and finds a surer market.
这种姜饼每天都会被烘烤，而且几乎在每个烤箱中都比纯小麦或黑麦和印度面包更用心，并且找到了更可靠的市场。
The best books are not read even by those who are called good readers.
最好的书即使是那些被称为好读者的人也不会读。
What does our Concord culture amount to?
我们的协和文化意味着什么？
There is in this town, with a very few exceptions, no taste for the best or for very good books even in English literature, whose words all can read and spell.
在这个镇上，除了极少数例外，人们对最好的书或非常好的书没有兴趣，即使是英国文学，其中的文字都可以阅读和拼写。
Even the college-bred and so called liberally educated men here and elsewhere have really little or no acquaintance with the English classics; and as for the recorded wisdom of mankind, the ancient classics and Bibles, which are accessible to all who will know of them, there are the feeblest efforts any where made to become acquainted with them.
即使是这里和其他地方受过大学教育的所谓受过文科教育的人也对英国经典知之甚少或根本不了解。至于有记录的人类智慧、古代经典和《圣经》，所有了解它们的人都可以接触到它们，但在任何地方为熟悉它们所做的努力却是微乎其微的。
I know a woodchopper, of middle age, who takes a French paper, not for news as he says, for he is above that, but to “keep himself in practice,” he being a Canadian by birth; and when I ask him what he considers the best thing he can do in this world, he says, beside this, to keep up and add to his English.
我认识一个中年樵夫，他读一份法国报纸，不是像他所说的那样为了新闻，因为他高于新闻，而是为了“保持自己的实践”，他是出生在加拿大的人；当我问他认为在这个世界上他能做的最好的事情是什么时，他说，除此之外，就是要跟上并提高他的英语水平。
This is about as much as the college bred generally do or aspire to do, and they take an English paper for the purpose.
这与大学毕业生通常所做的或渴望做的一样，他们为此目的而写一篇英文论文。
One who has just come from reading perhaps one of the best English books will find how many with whom he can converse about it?
一个刚刚读完一本最好的英语书籍的人会发现他可以与多少人谈论这本书？
Or suppose he comes from reading a Greek or Latin classic in the original, whose praises are familiar even to the so called illiterate; he will find nobody at all to speak to, but must keep silence about it.
或者假设他读过希腊或拉丁经典的原著，其中的赞美甚至对于所谓的文盲来说都是熟悉的；他会找不到任何人可以说话，但必须对此保持沉默。
Indeed, there is hardly the professor in our colleges, who, if he has mastered the difficulties of the language, has proportionally mastered the difficulties of the wit and poetry of a Greek poet, and has any sympathy to impart to the alert and heroic reader; and as for the sacred Scriptures, or Bibles of mankind, who in this town can tell me even their titles?
事实上，在我们的大学里，几乎没有哪个教授，如果他掌握了语言的难点，就相应地掌握了希腊诗人的智慧和诗歌的难点，并且能够向机警而英勇的读者表达同情；但他的能力是有限的。至于神圣的圣经，或者人类的圣经，这个镇上谁能告诉我它们的标题呢？
Most men do not know that any nation but the Hebrews have had a scripture.
大多数人不知道，除了希伯来人之外，还有哪个民族拥有圣经。
A man, any man, will go considerably out of his way to pick up a silver dollar; but here are golden words, which the wisest men of antiquity have uttered, and whose worth the wise of every succeeding age have assured us of;—and yet we learn to read only as far as Easy Reading, the primers and class-books, and when we leave school, the “Little Reading,” and story books, which are for boys and beginners; and our reading, our conversation and thinking, are all on a very low level, worthy only of pygmies and manikins.
一个人，任何一个人，都会不遗余力地去捡一枚银元。但这里有古代最聪明的人说过的金言玉语，而且每个时代的智者都向我们保证了它们的价值；然而我们只学会阅读《易读》、初级读物和课本，当我们离开学校时，我们就读“小读物”和故事书，这些书是为男孩和初学者准备的；我们的阅读、谈话和思考都处于很低的水平，只配得上侏儒和人体模型。
I aspire to be acquainted with wiser men than this our Concord soil has produced, whose names are hardly known here.
我渴望结识比我们康科德土地上诞生的更聪明的人，他们的名字在这里几乎无人知晓。
Or shall I hear the name of Plato and never read his book?
或者我会听到柏拉图的名字却从未读过他的书吗？
As if Plato were my townsman and I never saw him,—my next neighbor and I never heard him speak or attended to the wisdom of his words.
就好像柏拉图是我的同乡，而我从未见过他一样——我和我的隔壁邻居从未听过他说话，也从未注意到他话语中的智慧。
But how actually is it?
但实际情况如何呢？
His Dialogues, which contain what was immortal in him, lie on the next shelf, and yet I never read them.
他的对话录包含了他不朽的东西，就放在隔壁的书架上，但我从未读过它们。
We are underbred and low-lived and illiterate; and in this respect I confess I do not make any very broad distinction between the illiterateness of my townsman who cannot read at all, and the illiterateness of him who has learned to read only what is for children and feeble intellects.
我们没有教养、生活低下、文盲；在这方面，我承认，我并没有对根本不识字的镇民的文盲和只学会阅读儿童和智力低下者阅读的文盲进行任何广泛的区分。
We should be as good as the worthies of antiquity, but partly by first knowing how good they were.
我们应该像古代的伟人一样优秀，但首先要知道他们有多优秀。
We are a race of tit-men, and soar but little higher in our intellectual flights than the columns of the daily paper.
我们是山雀人种，我们的智力飞翔，但比日报的专栏高不了多少。
It is not all books that are as dull as their readers.
并不是所有的书都像读者一样乏味。
There are probably words addressed to our condition exactly, which, if we could really hear and understand, would be more salutary than the morning or the spring to our lives, and possibly put a new aspect on the face of things for us.
也许有些话正是针对我们的处境而写的，如果我们能真正听到并理解，这些话对我们的生活将比早晨或春天更有益，并可能为我们的事物带来新的面貌。
How many a man has dated a new era in his life from the reading of a book.
有多少人是从一本书中开启了人生的新纪元的。
The book exists for us perchance which will explain our miracles and reveal new ones.
这本书或许是为我们而存在的，它将解释我们的奇迹并揭示新的奇迹。
The at present unutterable things we may find somewhere uttered.
目前无法言说的事情我们可能会在某个地方找到说出来的。
These same questions that disturb and puzzle and confound us have in their turn occurred to all the wise men; not one has been omitted; and each has answered them, according to his ability, by his words and his life.
这些令我们不安、困惑和迷惑的问题也曾出现在所有智者身上。无一遗漏；每个人都根据自己的能力、言语和生活回答了这些问题。
Moreover, with wisdom we shall learn liberality.
此外，凭借智慧，我们将学会慷慨。
The solitary hired man on a farm in the outskirts of Concord, who has had his second birth and peculiar religious experience, and is driven as he believes into the silent gravity and exclusiveness by his faith, may think it is not true; but Zoroaster, thousands of years ago, travelled the same road and had the same experience; but he, being wise, knew it to be universal, and treated his neighbors accordingly, and is even said to have invented and established worship among men.
康科德郊区一个农场里的孤独雇工，已经获得了第二次出生和奇特的宗教体验，并被他的信仰驱使着进入沉默的庄严和排他性，他可能会认为这不是真的；但他的信仰却使他相信这一切都是不真实的。但几千年前的琐罗亚斯德，也曾走过同样的道路，经历过同样的经历。但他很聪明，知道这是普遍的，并相应地对待他的邻居，甚至据说在人类中发明并建立了崇拜。
Let him humbly commune with Zoroaster then, and through the liberalizing influence of all the worthies, with Jesus Christ himself, and let “our church” go by the board.
那么，让他谦卑地与琐罗亚斯德交流，并通过所有有价值的人的自由化影响，与耶稣基督本人交流，让“我们的教会”顺其自然。
We boast that we belong to the nineteenth century and are making the most rapid strides of any nation.
我们夸口说我们属于十九世纪，并且正在比任何国家迈出最快的步伐。
But consider how little this village does for its own culture.
但想想这个村庄为自己的文化做的事情是多么少。
I do not wish to flatter my townsmen, nor to be flattered by them, for that will not advance either of us.
我不想奉承我的同胞，也不想被他们奉承，因为这不会让我们任何一方进步。
We need to be provoked,—goaded like oxen, as we are, into a trot.
我们需要被激怒，像牛一样被刺激，像我们一样小跑。
We have a comparatively decent system of common schools, schools for infants only; but excepting the half-starved Lyceum in the winter, and latterly the puny beginning of a library suggested by the state, no school for ourselves.
我们有比较完善的普通学校制度，只招收婴儿的学校；但除了冬天半饥半饱的中学，以及后来国家建议建立的图书馆的微不足道之外，我们没有学校。
We spend more on almost any article of bodily aliment or ailment than on our mental aliment.
我们在几乎任何身体食物或疾病上的花费都比在精神食物上的花费还要多。
It is time that we had uncommon schools, that we did not leave off our education when we begin to be men and women.
是时候我们拥有不寻常的学校了，当我们开始成为男人和女人时，我们就不会放弃我们的教育。
It is time that villages were universities, and their elder inhabitants the fellows of universities, with leisure—if they are indeed so well off—to pursue liberal studies the rest of their lives.
现在是时候让村庄成为大学，让村里的年长居民成为大学的研究员，有闲暇——如果他们确实很富裕的话——在余生中追求自由主义研究。
Shall the world be confined to one Paris or one Oxford forever?
世界将永远被限制在一个巴黎或一个牛津吗？
Cannot students be boarded here and get a liberal education under the skies of Concord?
难道学生就不能寄宿在这里，在康科德的天空下接受通识教育吗？
Can we not hire some Abelard to lecture to us?
我们能不能请一些阿伯拉德来给我们讲课吗？
Alas!
唉!
what with foddering the cattle and tending the store, we are kept from school too long, and our education is sadly neglected.
由于喂牛和照管商店，我们不能上学的时间太长了，我们的教育也被可悲地忽视了。
In this country, the village should in some respects take the place of the nobleman of Europe.
在这个国家，乡村在某些方面应该取代欧洲贵族的地位。
It should be the patron of the fine arts.
它应该是美术的赞助人。
It is rich enough.
已经够丰富了。
It wants only the magnanimity and refinement.
它要的只是大度和精致。
It can spend money enough on such things as farmers and traders value, but it is thought Utopian to propose spending money for things which more intelligent men know to be of far more worth.
它可以在农民和商人看重的东西上花足够的钱，但建议把钱花在更聪明的人知道更有价值的东西上被认为是乌托邦。
This town has spent seventeen thousand dollars on a town-house, thank fortune or politics, but probably it will not spend so much on living wit, the true meat to put into that shell, in a hundred years.
感谢命运或政治，这个小镇已经花了一万七千美元买了一栋联排别墅，但一百年后它可能不会花那么多钱在生活智慧上，也就是装进壳里的真正的肉里。
The one hundred and twenty-five dollars annually subscribed for a Lyceum in the winter is better spent than any other equal sum raised in the town.
每年冬天为一所学园缴纳的一百二十五美元比镇上筹集的任何其他同等金额都更划算。
If we live in the nineteenth century, why should we not enjoy the advantages which the nineteenth century offers?
如果我们生活在十九世纪，为什么我们不能享受十九世纪所提供的优势呢？
Why should our life be in any respect provincial?
为什么我们的生活在任何方面都应该是地方性的？
If we will read newspapers, why not skip the gossip of Boston and take the best newspaper in the world at once?—not be sucking the pap of “neutral family” papers, or browsing “Olive-Branches” here in New England.
如果我们要读报纸，为什么不跳过波士顿的八卦，立即阅读世界上最好的报纸呢？——不要吸食“中立家庭”报纸的报纸，或者浏览新英格兰这里的“橄榄枝”。
Let the reports of all the learned societies come to us, and we will see if they know any thing.
让所有学术团体的报告都给我们吧，我们看看他们是否知道什么。
Why should we leave it to Harper & Brothers and Redding & Co. to select our reading?
为什么我们要让 Harper & Brothers 和 Redding & Co. 来选择我们的读物呢？
As the nobleman of cultivated taste surrounds himself with whatever conduces to his culture,—genius—learning—wit—books—paintings—statuary—music— philosophical instruments, and the like; so let the village do,—not stop short at a pedagogue, a parson, a sexton, a parish library, and three selectmen, because our pilgrim forefathers got through a cold winter once on a bleak rock with these.
正如有教养的贵族用一切有助于他的文化的东西包围自己一样，天才、学识、智慧、书籍、绘画、雕像、音乐、哲学工具等等；所以让村里的人去做——不要在一位教师、一位牧师、一位司事、一个教区图书馆和三名行政委员面前停下来，因为我们的朝圣祖先曾经在荒凉的岩石上度过了一个寒冷的冬天。
To act collectively is according to the spirit of our institutions; and I am confident that, as our circumstances are more flourishing, our means are greater than the nobleman’s.
集体行动符合我们机构的精神；我相信，随着我们的环境更加富裕，我们的财力比贵族更丰富。
New England can hire all the wise men in the world to come and teach her, and board them round the while, and not be provincial at all.
新英格兰可以聘请世界上所有的智者来教导她，并随时为他们提供住宿，而一点也不偏狭。
That is the _uncommon_ school we want.
这就是我们想要的_不寻常_学校。
Instead of noblemen, let us have noble villages of men.
让我们拥有高贵的男人村庄，而不是贵族。
If it is necessary, omit one bridge over the river, go round a little there, and throw one arch at least over the darker gulf of ignorance which surrounds us.
如果有必要，可以省略河上的一座桥，在那里绕一圈，至少在我们周围的黑暗无知深渊上搭建一个拱门。
Sounds
声音
But while we are confined to books, though the most select and classic, and read only particular written languages, which are themselves but dialects and provincial, we are in danger of forgetting the language which all things and events speak without metaphor, which alone is copious and standard.
但是，尽管我们局限于书籍，尽管它们是最精选和最经典的，并且只阅读特定的书面语言，而这些语言本身只是方言和地方性的，但我们却面临着忘记所有事物和事件在没有隐喻的情况下所诉说的语言的危险，而只有这种语言才是丰富和标准的。
Much is published, but little printed.
出版的很多，但印刷的很少。
The rays which stream through the shutter will be no longer remembered when the shutter is wholly removed.
当快门完全移除时，穿过快门的光线将不再被记住。
No method nor discipline can supersede the necessity of being forever on the alert.
任何方法或纪律都无法取代永远保持警惕的必要性。
What is a course of history, or philosophy, or poetry, no matter how well selected, or the best society, or the most admirable routine of life, compared with the discipline of looking always at what is to be seen?
历史、哲学或诗歌的课程，无论选择得多么好，或者是最好的社会，或者是最令人钦佩的日常生活，与始终关注所见之物的纪律相比，算得了什么？
Will you be a reader, a student merely, or a seer?
你会成为一名读者、仅仅是一名学生，还是一名预言家？
Read your fate, see what is before you, and walk on into futurity.
解读你的命运，看看你面前的是什么，然后走向未来。
I did not read books the first summer; I hoed beans.
第一个夏天我没有读书；我锄豆子。
Nay, I often did better than this.
不，我经常做得比这更好。
There were times when I could not afford to sacrifice the bloom of the present moment to any work, whether of the head or hands.
有时候，我不能为了任何工作而牺牲当下的美好时刻，无论是头脑还是双手。
I love a broad margin to my life.
我喜欢我的生活有广阔的余地。
Sometimes, in a summer morning, having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in my sunny doorway from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery, amidst the pines and hickories and sumachs, in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sing around or flitted noiseless through the house, until by the sun falling in at my west window, or the noise of some traveller’s wagon on the distant highway, I was reminded of the lapse of time.
有时，在夏日的早晨，洗完惯常的澡，我坐在阳光明媚的门口，从日出到中午，出神地在松树、山核桃和漆树之间，在不受干扰的孤独和寂静中，鸟儿在屋子里歌唱或无声地飞过，直到太阳从西窗照进来，或远处公路上旅人马车的噪音，让我想起时间的流逝。
I grew in those seasons like corn in the night, and they were far better than any work of the hands would have been.
我在那些季节里成长，就像夜间的玉米一样，它们比任何手工劳动都要好得多。
They were not time subtracted from my life, but so much over and above my usual allowance.
这些时间并没有从我的生活中减少，而是远远超出了我平时的津贴。
I realized what the Orientals mean by contemplation and the forsaking of works.
我明白了东方人所说的沉思和放弃工作的含义。
For the most part, I minded not how the hours went.
大多数情况下，我并不介意时间过得怎么样。
The day advanced as if to light some work of mine; it was morning, and lo, now it is evening, and nothing memorable is accomplished.
天渐渐过去了，仿佛要照亮我的一些工作；那是早上，瞧，现在是晚上了，没有什么值得纪念的事情发生。
Instead of singing like the birds, I silently smiled at my incessant good fortune.
我没有像鸟儿一样歌唱，而是对自己不断的好运默默地微笑。
As the sparrow had its trill, sitting on the hickory before my door, so had I my chuckle or suppressed warble which he might hear out of my nest.
正如麻雀坐在我门前的山核桃上发出颤音一样，我也发出咯咯的笑声或压抑的颤音，他可能会从我的巢穴中听到。
My days were not days of the week, bearing the stamp of any heathen deity, nor were they minced into hours and fretted by the ticking of a clock; for I lived like the Puri Indians, of whom it is said that “for yesterday, to-day, and to-morrow they have only one word, and they express the variety of meaning by pointing backward for yesterday, forward for to-morrow, and overhead for the passing day.” This was sheer idleness to my fellow-townsmen, no doubt; but if the birds and flowers had tried me by their standard, I should not have been found wanting.
我的日子不是一周中的每一天，带有任何异教神的印记，也不是被缩短为几个小时，并被时钟的滴答声烦扰；因为我的生活就像普里印第安人一样，据说他们“昨天、今天和明天只有一个词，他们通过向后指昨天、向前指明天、向上指过去的日子来表达多种含义。”毫无疑问，对于我的同胞来说，这纯粹是一种懒惰。但如果鸟儿和花儿按照他们的标准来考验我，我就不应该被发现有缺陷。
A man must find his occasions in himself, it is true.
一个人必须在自己身上找到适合自己的机会，这是事实。
The natural day is very calm, and will hardly reprove his indolence.
自然天很平静，也很难责备他的懒惰。
I had this advantage, at least, in my mode of life, over those who were obliged to look abroad for amusement, to society and the theatre, that my life itself was become my amusement and never ceased to be novel.
至少在我的生活方式上，与那些不得不出国寻找娱乐、社会和戏剧的人相比，我有这样的优势，那就是我的生活本身就成为我的娱乐，并且永远新颖。
It was a drama of many scenes and without an end.
这是一出多场景、没有结局的戏剧。
If we were always indeed getting our living, and regulating our lives according to the last and best mode we had learned, we should never be troubled with ennui.
如果我们确实总是按照我们学到的最后的、最好的模式谋生，并调节我们的生活，我们就永远不会被无聊所困扰。
Follow your genius closely enough, and it will not fail to show you a fresh prospect every hour.
密切关注你的天才，它每小时都会向你展示一个新的前景。
Housework was a pleasant pastime.
做家务是一种愉快的消遣。
When my floor was dirty, I rose early, and, setting all my furniture out of doors on the grass, bed and bedstead making but one budget, dashed water on the floor, and sprinkled white sand from the pond on it, and then with a broom scrubbed it clean and white; and by the time the villagers had broken their fast the morning sun had dried my house sufficiently to allow me to move in again, and my meditations were almost uninterupted.
地板脏了，我就早起，把所有的家具都放在门外的草地上，床和床架只做一点预算，在地板上泼水，撒上池塘里的白沙，然后用扫帚把它擦得干干净净，洁白无瑕。当村民们吃完斋饭时，早晨的阳光已经充分晒干了我的房子，让我可以再次搬进去，而我的冥想几乎不受干扰。
It was pleasant to see my whole household effects out on the grass, making a little pile like a gypsy’s pack, and my three-legged table, from which I did not remove the books and pen and ink, standing amid the pines and hickories.
我很高兴看到我所有的家庭用品都堆在草地上，像吉普赛人的背包一样堆成一堆，还有我的三腿桌子，我没有从上面取出书本和笔墨，站在松树和山核桃树丛中。
They seemed glad to get out themselves, and as if unwilling to be brought in.
他们似乎很高兴自己出去，又好像不愿意被带进来。
I was sometimes tempted to stretch an awning over them and take my seat there.
有时我很想在它们上面拉一个遮阳篷，然后坐在那里。
It was worth the while to see the sun shine on these things, and hear the free wind blow on them; so much more interesting most familiar objects look out of doors than in the house.
看到阳光照在这些东西上，听到自由的风吹过它们，这是值得的；最熟悉的物体在户外看起来比在房子里有趣得多。
A bird sits on the next bough, life-everlasting grows under the table, and blackberry vines run round its legs; pine cones, chestnut burs, and strawberry leaves are strewn about.
一只鸟停在旁边的树枝上，桌子下长着永恒的生命，黑莓藤蔓绕着它的腿；松果、栗子刺和草莓叶散落一地。
It looked as if this was the way these forms came to be transferred to our furniture, to tables, chairs, and bedsteads,—because they once stood in their midst.
看起来这些形式似乎就是这样被转移到我们的家具、桌子、椅子和床架上的——因为它们曾经站在它们中间。
My house was on the side of a hill, immediately on the edge of the larger wood, in the midst of a young forest of pitch pines and hickories, and half a dozen rods from the pond, to which a narrow footpath led down the hill.
我的房子位于山坡上，就在较大树林的边缘，在一片长着松树和山核桃的年轻森林中间，距离池塘有六杆远，一条狭窄的小路通向山下。
In my front yard grew the strawberry, blackberry, and life-everlasting, johnswort and goldenrod, shrub-oaks and sand-cherry, blueberry and groundnut.
我的前院种着草莓、黑莓、永生花、约翰草和黄花、灌木橡树和沙樱桃、蓝莓和花生。
Near the end of May, the sand-cherry (_Cerasus pumila_,) adorned the sides of the path with its delicate flowers arranged in umbels cylindrically about its short stems, which last, in the fall, weighed down with good sized and handsome cherries, fell over in wreaths like rays on every side.
临近五月底，沙樱桃（_Cerasus pumila_）装饰着小路的两旁，它娇嫩的花朵围绕着短茎呈圆柱形，呈伞形花序排列，最后到了秋天，它们压着大而漂亮的樱桃，像光线一样落在四面八方的花环中。
I tasted them out of compliment to Nature, though they were scarcely palatable.
我出于对大自然的赞美而品尝了它们，尽管它们很难吃。
The sumach (_Rhus glabra_,) grew luxuriantly about the house, pushing up through the embankment which I had made, and growing five or six feet the first season.
漆树（_Rhus glabra_）在房子周围茂盛地生长，从我筑的路堤上长出来，第一季就长到了五六英尺。
Its broad pinnate tropical leaf was pleasant though strange to look on.
它宽阔的羽状热带叶子虽然看起来很奇怪，但令人愉悦。
The large buds, suddenly pushing out late in the spring from dry sticks which had seemed to be dead, developed themselves as by magic into graceful green and tender boughs, an inch in diameter; and sometimes, as I sat at my window, so heedlessly did they grow and tax their weak joints, I heard a fresh and tender bough suddenly fall like a fan to the ground, when there was not a breath of air stirring, broken off by its own weight.
晚春时节，那些看似枯死的干枯枝条突然长出了巨大的花蕾，它们神奇地长成了优美的绿色嫩枝，直径一英寸。有时，当我坐在窗前，它们漫不经心地生长，给它们脆弱的关节带来负担时，我听到一根新鲜嫩嫩的树枝突然像一把扇子一样掉到地上，当时没有一丝空气在搅动，被它自己的重量折断了。
In August, the large masses of berries, which, when in flower, had attracted many wild bees, gradually assumed their bright velvety crimson hue, and by their weight again bent down and broke the tender limbs.
八月，大团的浆果在开花时吸引了许多野蜂，逐渐呈现出明亮的天鹅绒般的深红色，并因它们的重量而再次弯曲并折断了嫩嫩的枝条。
As I sit at my window this summer afternoon, hawks are circling about my clearing; the tantivy of wild pigeons, flying by twos and threes athwart my view, or perching restless on the white-pine boughs behind my house, gives a voice to the air; a fishhawk dimples the glassy surface of the pond and brings up a fish; a mink steals out of the marsh before my door and seizes a frog by the shore; the sedge is bending under the weight of the reed-birds flitting hither and thither; and for the last half hour I have heard the rattle of railroad cars, now dying away and then reviving like the beat of a partridge, conveying travellers from Boston to the country.
这个夏天的下午，当我坐在窗前时，老鹰在我的空地上盘旋；野鸽子三三两两地飞过我的视线，或者不安地栖息在我屋后的白松树枝上，在空气中发出声音；一只鱼鹰在池塘玻璃般的水面上打出凹痕，叼起一条鱼；一只水貂从我门前的沼泽里偷偷溜出来，在岸边抓住了一只青蛙。莎草在飞来飞去的芦苇鸟的重压下弯曲了。在过去的半个小时里，我听到火车车厢的嘎嘎声，时而减弱，一会儿又恢复，就像鹧鸪的鸣叫声，将旅客从波士顿运送到乡村。
For I did not live so out of the world as that boy who, as I hear, was put out to a farmer in the east part of the town, but ere long ran away and came home again, quite down at the heel and homesick.
因为我的生活并不像那个男孩那样与世隔绝，据我所知，他被送到城东的一个农民那里，但不久就逃跑了，又回家了，心情沮丧，想家。
He had never seen such a dull and out-of-the-way place; the folks were all gone off; why, you couldn’t even hear the whistle!
他从来没有见过这么阴暗、偏僻的地方。人们都走了。为什么，你连口哨声都听不到！
I doubt if there is such a place in Massachusetts now:—
我怀疑现在马萨诸塞州是否还有这样的地方：——
“In truth, our village has become a butt For one of those fleet railroad shafts, and o’er Our peaceful plain its soothing sound is—Concord.”
“事实上，我们的村庄已经成为那些舰队铁路竖井之一的屁股，在我们宁静的平原上，它舒缓的声音是——康科德。”
The Fitchburg Railroad touches the pond about a hundred rods south of where I dwell.
菲奇堡铁路在我住处以南约一百杆处与池塘相连。
I usually go to the village along its causeway, and am, as it were, related to society by this link.
我通常沿着堤道去村里，可以说，我通过这个纽带与社会发生了联系。
The men on the freight trains, who go over the whole length of the road, bow to me as to an old acquaintance, they pass me so often, and apparently they take me for an employee; and so I am.
货运列车上的人走过整条路，他们向我鞠躬，就像向老熟人鞠躬一样，他们经常从我身边经过，显然他们把我当成了雇员；我也是。
I too would fain be a track-repairer somewhere in the orbit of the earth.
我也很想成为地球轨道上某个地方的轨道修理工。
The whistle of the locomotive penetrates my woods summer and winter, sounding like the scream of a hawk sailing over some farmer’s yard, informing me that many restless city merchants are arriving within the circle of the town, or adventurous country traders from the other side.
无论夏天还是冬天，机车的汽笛声都会穿透我的树林，听起来就像鹰飞过农夫院子的尖叫声，告诉我许多不安分的城市商人正在抵达城镇的圈子内，或者来自另一边的冒险的乡村商人。
As they come under one horizon, they shout their warning to get off the track to the other, heard sometimes through the circles of two towns.
当他们来到一个地平线下时，他们会大声喊叫，警告要偏离轨道，到另一个地平线，有时可以听到两个城镇的圈子。
Here come your groceries, country; your rations, countrymen!
祖国，你的杂货来了；你们的口粮，同胞们！
Nor is there any man so independent on his farm that he can say them nay.
也没有哪个人在自己的农场上如此独立，可以拒绝他们。
And here’s your pay for them!
这是你给他们的报酬！
screams the countryman’s whistle; timber like long battering rams going twenty miles an hour against the city’s walls, and chairs enough to seat all the weary and heavy laden that dwell within them.
乡下人的口哨声尖叫起来；木材就像长长的攻城槌，每小时二十英里冲向城墙，椅子足以容纳居住在其中的所有疲惫不堪的人。
With such huge and lumbering civility the country hands a chair to the city.
国家以如此巨大而笨拙的文明把椅子交给了城市。
All the Indian huckleberry hills are stripped, all the cranberry meadows are raked into the city.
所有的印度越橘山都被夷为平地，所有的蔓越莓草甸都被扫进了城市。
Up comes the cotton, down goes the woven cloth; up comes the silk, down goes the woollen; up come the books, but down goes the wit that writes them.
上来的是棉，下的是布；上为丝，下为毛；书上升了，但写书的智慧却下降了。
When I meet the engine with its train of cars moving off with planetary motion,—or, rather, like a comet, for the beholder knows not if with that velocity and with that direction it will ever revisit this system, since its orbit does not look like a returning curve,—with its steam cloud like a banner streaming behind in golden and silver wreaths, like many a downy cloud which I have seen, high in the heavens, unfolding its masses to the light,—as if this travelling demigod, this cloud-compeller, would ere long take the sunset sky for the livery of his train; when I hear the iron horse make the hills echo with his snort like thunder, shaking the earth with his feet, and breathing fire and smoke from his nostrils, (what kind of winged horse or fiery dragon they will put into the new Mythology I don’t know), it seems as if the earth had got a race now worthy to inhabit it.
当我遇见发动机带着一列车厢以行星运动的方式离开时，——或者更确切地说，像一颗彗星，旁观者不知道它是否会以那样的速度和方向重新访问这个系统，因为它的轨道看起来不像一条返回曲线——它的蒸汽云像一面金色和银色的花环飘扬在后面的旗帜，像我见过的许多柔软的云，在高高的天空中，向光展开它的质量，——仿佛这个旅行的半神，这个驱云者，很快就会把落日的天空当作他的火车的制服；当我听到铁马发出雷霆般的鼻息，用脚震动大地，从鼻孔喷出火焰和烟雾，让群山回响时（我不知道他们会在新的神话中放入什么样的翼马或火龙），似乎地球上现在有了一个值得居住的种族。
If all were as it seems, and men made the elements their servants for noble ends!
如果一切都像看起来的那样，人类为了崇高的目的而让元素成为他们的仆人就好了！
If the cloud that hangs over the engine were the perspiration of heroic deeds, or as beneficent as that which floats over the farmer’s fields, then the elements and Nature herself would cheerfully accompany men on their errands and be their escort.
如果悬在发动机上方的云彩是英雄事迹的汗水，或者像漂浮在农田上空的云彩一样仁慈，那么元素和大自然本身就会愉快地陪伴人们执行任务，为他们护航。
I watch the passage of the morning cars with the same feeling that I do the rising of the sun, which is hardly more regular.
我看着晨间汽车的驶过，就像看着太阳升起一样，这是再平常不过的事情了。
Their train of clouds stretching far behind and rising higher and higher, going to heaven while the cars are going to Boston, conceals the sun for a minute and casts my distant field into the shade, a celestial train beside which the petty train of cars which hugs the earth is but the barb of the spear.
它们的云朵在后面远远延伸，升得越来越高，在汽车驶往波士顿的时候，它们正驶向天堂，遮住了太阳一分钟，把我远处的田野投进了阴影，一列天上的火车，旁边那一列紧贴大地的小汽车不过是长矛的倒钩。
The stabler of the iron horse was up early this winter morning by the light of the stars amid the mountains, to fodder and harness his steed.
这个冬日的清晨，铁马的马夫在群山的星光下起得很早，给马喂食，给马套上马具。
Fire, too, was awakened thus early to put the vital heat in him and get him off.
火也这么早就被唤醒了，给他注入了生命的热量，让他离开。
If the enterprise were as innocent as it is early!
如果企业早点无辜就好了！
If the snow lies deep, they strap on his snow-shoes, and with the giant plow, plow a furrow from the mountains to the seaboard, in which the cars, like a following drill-barrow, sprinkle all the restless men and floating merchandise in the country for seed.
如果积雪很深，他们就穿上雪鞋，用巨大的犁，从山上到海边犁出一条犁沟，其中的汽车就像一辆跟随的钻车，把乡间所有焦躁不安的人和漂浮的商品撒到种子上。
All day the fire-steed flies over the country, stopping only that his master may rest, and I am awakened by his tramp and defiant snort at midnight, when in some remote glen in the woods he fronts the elements incased in ice and snow; and he will reach his stall only with the morning star, to start once more on his travels without rest or slumber.
火马一整天都在乡村上空飞翔，只是为了让他的主人休息而停下来，午夜时分，我被他的脚步声和挑衅的鼻息声吵醒，当时他在树林中的某个偏僻的峡谷里，面对着被冰雪包裹着的元素；只有晨星到来，他才会到达他的马厩，重新开始他的旅程，不休息也不睡觉。
Or perchance, at evening, I hear him in his stable blowing off the superfluous energy of the day, that he may calm his nerves and cool his liver and brain for a few hours of iron slumber.
或者也许，晚上，我听到他在马厩里吹掉白天多余的能量，这样他就可以平静自己的神经，冷却他的肝脏和大脑，度过几个小时的铁睡。
If the enterprise were as heroic and commanding as it is protracted and unwearied!
如果事业也像它那样持久、不倦，那么英勇、有气势！
Far through unfrequented woods on the confines of towns, where once only the hunter penetrated by day, in the darkest night dart these bright saloons without the knowledge of their inhabitants; this moment stopping at some brilliant station-house in town or city, where a social crowd is gathered, the next in the Dismal Swamp, scaring the owl and fox.
穿过城镇边缘人迹罕至的树林，那里曾经只有猎人在白天才能进入，在最黑暗的夜晚，在居民不知情的情况下，冲进这些明亮的酒吧；这一刻停在城镇或城市某个辉煌的车站，那里聚集着一群社交人群，下一个停在惨淡沼泽，吓坏了猫头鹰和狐狸。
The startings and arrivals of the cars are now the epochs in the village day.
汽车的出发和到达现在是村里的一天。
They go and come with such regularity and precision, and their whistle can be heard so far, that the farmers set their clocks by them, and thus one well conducted institution regulates a whole country.
它们来去有规律、精确，哨声远远，农民们就用它们来调钟，一个运作良好的机构就管理着整个国家。
Have not men improved somewhat in punctuality since the railroad was invented?
自从铁路发明以来，人们的准时性不是有所提高吗？
Do they not talk and think faster in the depot than they did in the stage-office?
他们在车站里说话和思考的速度难道不比在舞台办公室里快吗？
There is something electrifying in the atmosphere of the former place.
以前的地方有一种令人兴奋的气氛。
I have been astonished at the miracles it has wrought; that some of my neighbors, who, I should have prophesied, once for all, would never get to Boston by so prompt a conveyance, are on hand when the bell rings.
我对它所创造的奇迹感到惊讶；我的一些邻居在铃声响起时就在场，我本应该一劳永逸地预言他们永远不会乘坐如此迅速的交通工具到达波士顿。
To do things “railroad fashion” is now the by-word; and it is worth the while to be warned so often and so sincerely by any power to get off its track.
现在，“铁路时尚”已成为流行语。任何偏离轨道的权力如此频繁、如此真诚地警告是值得的。
There is no stopping to read the riot act, no firing over the heads of the mob, in this case.
在这种情况下，没有人停下来阅读防暴法案，也没有人向暴徒头顶开枪。
We have constructed a fate, an _Atropos_, that never turns aside.
我们构建了一个永远不会改变的命运，一个_Atropos_。
(Let that be the name of your engine.) Men are advertised that at a certain hour and minute these bolts will be shot toward particular points of the compass; yet it interferes with no man’s business, and the children go to school on the other track.
（让它成为你的引擎的名称。） 人们广告说，在特定的时间和分钟，这些螺栓将射向罗盘的特定点；但它不干涉任何人的事，孩子们在另一条轨道上学。
We live the steadier for it.
我们因此生活得更加稳定。
We are all educated thus to be sons of Tell.
我们都被这样教育为泰尔的儿子。
The air is full of invisible bolts.
空气中充满了看不见的闪电。
Every path but your own is the path of fate.
除了你自己的路之外，每一条路都是命运的路。
Keep on your own track, then.
那就继续走自己的路吧。
What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery.
商业向我推荐的是它的进取心和勇气。
It does not clasp its hands and pray to Jupiter.
它不会紧握双手向朱庇特祈祷。
I see these men every day go about their business with more or less courage and content, doing more even than they suspect, and perchance better employed than they could have consciously devised.
我看到这些人每天都或多或少地充满勇气和满足地从事他们的工作，做得比他们想象的还要多，而且可能比他们有意识地设计的更好。
I am less affected by their heroism who stood up for half an hour in the front line at Buena Vista, than by the steady and cheerful valor of the men who inhabit the snow-plough for their winter quarters; who have not merely the three-o’-clock in the morning courage, which Bonaparte thought was the rarest, but whose courage does not go to rest so early, who go to sleep only when the storm sleeps or the sinews of their iron steed are frozen.
相比于他们在布埃纳维斯塔前线坚守半小时的英雄主义，我更感兴趣的是那些住在铲雪机里过冬的人们的稳定而愉快的英勇。他们不仅拥有凌晨三点钟的勇气（波拿巴认为这是最罕见的），而且他们的勇气不会这么早就休息，他们只有在暴风雨沉睡或铁马的肌腱被冻结时才睡觉。
On this morning of the Great Snow, perchance, which is still raging and chilling men’s blood, I hear the muffled tone of their engine bell from out the fog bank of their chilled breath, which announces that the cars _are coming_, without long delay, notwithstanding the veto of a New England north-east snow storm, and I behold the ploughmen covered with snow and rime, their heads peering, above the mould-board which is turning down other than daisies and the nests of field-mice, like bowlders of the Sierra Nevada, that occupy an outside place in the universe.
也许在这个大雪的早晨，人们的血液仍然在肆虐和寒冷，我听到他们的发动机铃声从他们冰冷的呼吸的雾气中传来，这宣布汽车“即将到来”，尽管新英格兰东北部的一场暴风雪被否决了，但我看到犁地的人覆盖着积雪和冰霜，他们的头在正在翻倒的犁板上方凝视着。雏菊和田鼠的巢穴，就像内华达山脉的滚球，占据了宇宙的外部位置。
Commerce is unexpectedly confident and serene, alert, adventurous, and unwearied.
商业出乎意料地自信、平静、警觉、冒险、不知疲倦。
It is very natural in its methods withal, far more so than many fantastic enterprises and sentimental experiments, and hence its singular success.
它的方法非常自然，远远超过许多奇妙的企业和感伤的实验，因此它取得了非凡的成功。
I am refreshed and expanded when the freight train rattles past me, and I smell the stores which go dispensing their odors all the way from Long Wharf to Lake Champlain, reminding me of foreign parts, of coral reefs, and Indian oceans, and tropical climes, and the extent of the globe.
当货运列车轰隆隆地从我身边驶过时，我感到神清气爽、心旷神怡，我闻到了从长码头到尚普兰湖一路散发着气味的商店的味道，让我想起了外国的地方、珊瑚礁、印度洋、热带气候和地球的范围。
I feel more like a citizen of the world at the sight of the palm-leaf which will cover so many flaxen New England heads the next summer, the Manilla hemp and cocoa-nut husks, the old junk, gunny bags, scrap iron, and rusty nails.
看到明年夏天将覆盖许多亚麻色新英格兰头颅的棕榈叶、马尼拉大麻和可可坚果壳、旧垃圾、麻袋、废铁和生锈的钉子，我感觉自己更像是一个世界公民。
This car-load of torn sails is more legible and interesting now than if they should be wrought into paper and printed books.
与将它们制成纸张和印刷书籍相比，这车破损的船帆现在更清晰、更有趣。
Who can write so graphically the history of the storms they have weathered as these rents have done?
谁能如此生动地写下他们所经历的风暴的历史，就像这些租金所经历的那样？
They are proof-sheets which need no correction.
它们是校样，无需修正。
Here goes lumber from the Maine woods, which did not go out to sea in the last freshet, risen four dollars on the thousand because of what did go out or was split up; pine, spruce, cedar,—first, second, third, and fourth qualities, so lately all of one quality, to wave over the bear, and moose, and caribou.
这里来自缅因州森林的木材，在上一次淡水中没有出海，由于出海或被分割，每千块木材的价格上涨了四美元；松树、云杉、雪松——第一、第二、第三和第四种品质，最近都具有同一种品质，可以在熊、驼鹿和驯鹿上挥手。
Next rolls Thomaston lime, a prime lot, which will get far among the hills before it gets slacked.
接下来是托马斯顿石灰，这是一个优质的地段，在它变得疲软之前，它会在山中走得很远。
These rags in bales, of all hues and qualities, the lowest condition to which cotton and linen descend, the final result of dress,—of patterns which are now no longer cried up, unless it be in Milwaukie, as those splendid articles, English, French, or American prints, ginghams, muslins, &c., gathered from all quarters both of fashion and poverty, going to become paper of one color or a few shades only, on which forsooth will be written tales of real life, high and low, and founded on fact!
这些成捆的破布，颜色各异，品质各异，是棉花和亚麻的最低条件，是服装的最终结果，图案现在不再被人们所称道，除非是在密尔沃基，就像那些精彩的文章，英国、法国或美国的印花、方格布、平纹细布等，从时尚和贫穷的各个方面聚集起来，将成为只有一种颜色或几种色调的纸，上面肯定会写上现实生活中的故事，无论高低，都基于事实！
This closed car smells of salt fish, the strong New England and commercial scent, reminding me of the Grand Banks and the fisheries.
这辆封闭的车里弥漫着咸鱼的味道，浓浓的新英格兰和商业气味，让我想起了大浅滩和渔业。
Who has not seen a salt fish, thoroughly cured for this world, so that nothing can spoil it, and putting the perseverance of the saints to the blush?
谁没有见过一条咸鱼，为这个世界彻底治愈，没有任何东西可以破坏它，让圣徒的毅力脸红呢？
with which you may sweep or pave the streets, and split your kindlings, and the teamster shelter himself and his lading against sun wind and rain behind it,—and the trader, as a Concord trader once did, hang it up by his door for a sign when he commences business, until at last his oldest customer cannot tell surely whether it be animal, vegetable, or mineral, and yet it shall be as pure as a snowflake, and if it be put into a pot and boiled, will come out an excellent dun fish for a Saturday’s dinner.
你可以用它来清扫或铺路，劈开你的引火物，卡车司机可以在它后面遮蔽自己和他的货物，以免受日晒雨淋，而商人，就像康科德商人曾经做的那样，在他开始做生意时，将它挂在门口作为标志，直到最后他的老顾客不能确定它是动物，蔬菜还是矿物，但它应该像雪花一样纯净，如果将它放入锅中煮沸，就会得到一个极好的结果。星期六的晚餐吃鱼。
Next Spanish hides, with the tails still preserving their twist and the angle of elevation they had when the oxen that wore them were careering over the pampas of the Spanish main,—a type of all obstinacy, and evincing how almost hopeless and incurable are all constitutional vices.
接下来是西班牙皮革，尾巴仍然保持着它们的扭曲和仰角，当穿着它们的公牛在西班牙主要的潘帕斯草原上猛冲时，这是一种顽固的类型，并表明所有宪法恶习是多么绝望和无法治愈。
I confess, that practically speaking, when I have learned a man’s real disposition, I have no hopes of changing it for the better or worse in this state of existence.
我承认，实际上，当我了解了一个人的真实性格时，我不希望改变他的这种生存状态，无论是好是坏。
As the Orientals say, “A cur’s tail may be warmed, and pressed, and bound round with ligatures, and after a twelve years’ labor bestowed upon it, still it will retain its natural form.” The only effectual cure for such inveteracies as these tails exhibit is to make glue of them, which I believe is what is usually done with them, and then they will stay put and stick.
正如东方人所说：“狗的尾巴可以被加热、压紧、用结扎线绑住，经过十二年的劳动，它仍然会保持其自然形状。”对于这些尾巴所表现出的顽固性，唯一有效的治疗方法是将它们制成胶水，我相信这就是通常对它们所做的事情，然后它们就会保持原样并粘住。
Here is a hogshead of molasses or of brandy directed to John Smith, Cuttingsville, Vermont, some trader among the Green Mountains, who imports for the farmers near his clearing, and now perchance stands over his bulk-head and thinks of the last arrivals on the coast, how they may affect the price for him, telling his customers this moment, as he has told them twenty times before this morning, that he expects some by the next train of prime quality.
这是一桶糖蜜或白兰地，运往佛蒙特州卡茨维尔的约翰·史密斯，他是绿山上的一位贸易商，为他的空地附近的农民进口，现在也许站在他的舱壁上，想着海岸上最后一批到达的货物，它们可能会如何影响他的价格，此刻告诉他的客户，正如他在今天早上之前告诉他们二十次一样，他希望下一趟火车能买到一些优质的糖蜜或白兰地。
It is advertised in the Cuttingsville Times.
它在《卡茨维尔时报》上刊登广告。
While these things go up other things come down.
当这些东西上升时，其他东西就会下降。
Warned by the whizzing sound, I look up from my book and see some tall pine, hewn on far northern hills, which has winged its way over the Green Mountains and the Connecticut, shot like an arrow through the township within ten minutes, and scarce another eye beholds it; going
听到呼啸声的警告，我从书本上抬起头，看到一棵高大的松树，生长在遥远的北方山丘上，它飞过绿山和康涅狄格州，在十分钟内像箭一样射过小镇，几乎没有人看到它；去
“to be the mast Of some great ammiral.”
“成为某个伟大将军的桅杆。”
And hark!
听着！
here comes the cattle-train bearing the cattle of a thousand hills, sheepcots, stables, and cow-yards in the air, drovers with their sticks, and shepherd boys in the midst of their flocks, all but the mountain pastures, whirled along like leaves blown from the mountains by the September gales.
牛群载着一千座山上的牛群来了，空中有羊圈、马厩和牛场，牧羊人拿着棍子，牧童在羊群中间，除了山上的牧场之外，所有的人都旋转着，就像九月的大风从山上吹下来的树叶一样。
The air is filled with the bleating of calves and sheep, and the hustling of oxen, as if a pastoral valley were going by.
空气中充满了牛犊、绵羊的咩咩声和牛群的喧嚣，仿佛经过了一个田园山谷。
When the old bell-wether at the head rattles his bell, the mountains do indeed skip like rams and the little hills like lambs.
当带头的老领头人摇铃时，大山确实像公羊一样跳跃，小山像羔羊一样跳跃。
A car-load of drovers, too, in the midst, on a level with their droves now, their vocation gone, but still clinging to their useless sticks as their badge of office.
中间还有一车牲畜贩子，现在和他们的牲畜处于同一水平，他们的职业已经消失，但仍然紧握着无用的棍子作为他们的办公室徽章。
But their dogs, where are they?
但他们的狗在哪里？
It is a stampede to them; they are quite thrown out; they have lost the scent.
这对他们来说是一场踩踏；他们完全被抛弃了；他们已经失去了气味。
Methinks I hear them barking behind the Peterboro’ Hills, or panting up the western slope of the Green Mountains.
我想我听到他们在彼得伯勒山后面吠叫，或者在绿山西坡上气喘吁吁。
They will not be in at the death.
他们死时不会在场。
Their vocation, too, is gone.
他们的使命也消失了。
Their fidelity and sagacity are below par now.
他们的忠诚度和智慧现在低于标准。
They will slink back to their kennels in disgrace, or perchance run wild and strike a league with the wolf and the fox.
它们会羞愧地溜回狗窝，或者可能会狂奔，与狼和狐狸结盟。
So is your pastoral life whirled past and away.
你的田园生活也随之逝去。
But the bell rings, and I must get off the track and let the cars go by;—
但是铃响了，我必须离开赛道，让汽车过去；——
What’s the railroad to me?
铁路对我来说是什么？
I never go to see Where it ends.
我从不去看它的尽头。
It fills a few hollows, And makes banks for the swallows, It sets the sand a-blowing, And the blackberries a-growing,
它填满了一些空洞，为燕子筑起了堤岸，它让沙子吹起来，黑莓开始生长，
but I cross it like a cart-path in the woods.
但我穿过它就像穿过树林里的马路一样。
I will not have my eyes put out and my ears spoiled by its smoke and steam and hissing.
我不会让我的眼睛被它的烟雾、蒸汽和嘶嘶声弄脏。
Now that the cars are gone by and all the restless world with them, and the fishes in the pond no longer feel their rumbling, I am more alone than ever.
现在汽车已经过去了，整个不安的世界也随之消失了，池塘里的鱼也不再感觉到它们的隆隆声，我比以往任何时候都更加孤独。
For the rest of the long afternoon, perhaps, my meditations are interrupted only by the faint rattle of a carriage or team along the distant highway.
在这个漫长的下午剩下的时间里，也许，我的沉思只会被远处高速公路上马车或车队的微弱嘎嘎声打断。
Sometimes, on Sundays, I heard the bells, the Lincoln, Acton, Bedford, or Concord bell, when the wind was favorable, a faint, sweet, and, as it were, natural melody, worth importing into the wilderness.
有时，周日，当风顺时，我会听到林肯、阿克顿、贝德福德或康科德的钟声，微弱、甜美、可以说是自然的旋律，值得带入荒野。
At a sufficient distance over the woods this sound acquires a certain vibratory hum, as if the pine needles in the horizon were the strings of a harp which it swept.
在距离树林足够远的地方，这种声音会产生一定的振动嗡嗡声，就好像地平线上的松针是它所扫过的竖琴的琴弦。
All sound heard at the greatest possible distance produces one and the same effect, a vibration of the universal lyre, just as the intervening atmosphere makes a distant ridge of earth interesting to our eyes by the azure tint it imparts to it.
在尽可能远的距离听到的所有声音都会产生一种相同的效果，即通用竖琴的振动，就像介入的大气使遥远的地球山脊因其赋予的蔚蓝色彩而对我们的眼睛产生有趣的影响一样。
There came to me in this case a melody which the air had strained, and which had conversed with every leaf and needle of the wood, that portion of the sound which the elements had taken up and modulated and echoed from vale to vale.
在这种情况下，我脑海中浮现出一种旋律，它是由空气过滤而成的，它与树林里的每一片叶子和每一根针叶都在对话，这部分声音被元素吸收、调制，并在山谷间回响。
The echo is, to some extent, an original sound, and therein is the magic and charm of it.
回声在某种程度上是一种原始的声音，这就是它的魔力和魅力。
It is not merely a repetition of what was worth repeating in the bell, but partly the voice of the wood; the same trivial words and notes sung by a wood-nymph.
这不仅是钟声中值得重复的内容的重复，而且部分是树林的声音；森林仙女所唱的同样琐碎的歌词和音符。
At evening, the distant lowing of some cow in the horizon beyond the woods sounded sweet and melodious, and at first I would mistake it for the voices of certain minstrels by whom I was sometimes serenaded, who might be straying over hill and dale; but soon I was not unpleasantly disappointed when it was prolonged into the cheap and natural music of the cow.
傍晚时分，远处树林外地平线上传来一头牛的哞哞声，听起来甜美而悠扬，起初我会误以为是某些吟游诗人的声音，他们有时会为我唱小夜曲，他们可能正在翻山越岭。但很快，当它被延长到牛的廉价而自然的音乐中时，我并没有感到不愉快的失望。
I do not mean to be satirical, but to express my appreciation of those youths’ singing, when I state that I perceived clearly that it was akin to the music of the cow, and they were at length one articulation of Nature.
我无意讽刺，而是表达我对那些年轻人的歌声的欣赏，当我说我清楚地感觉到它类似于牛的音乐时，它们最终是自然的一种表达。
Regularly at half past seven, in one part of the summer, after the evening train had gone by, the whippoorwills chanted their vespers for half an hour, sitting on a stump by my door, or upon the ridge pole of the house.
夏天的某一段时间，晚上的火车经过后，每到七点半，威普尔就会坐在我门边的树桩上或房子的屋脊上，吟诵半个小时的晚祷声。
They would begin to sing almost with as much precision as a clock, within five minutes of a particular time, referred to the setting of the sun, every evening.
他们会开始唱歌，几乎和时钟一样精确，每天晚上在特定时间（指太阳落山）的五分钟内。
I had a rare opportunity to become acquainted with their habits.
我有一个难得的机会来了解他们的习惯。
Sometimes I heard four or five at once in different parts of the wood, by accident one a bar behind another, and so near me that I distinguished not only the cluck after each note, but often that singular buzzing sound like a fly in a spider’s web, only proportionally louder.
有时，我会在树林的不同地方同时听到四、五个声音，偶然间，一个小节在另一个小节后面，而且离我很近，我不仅能分辨出每个音符后的咯咯声，而且常常能分辨出那种奇怪的嗡嗡声，就像蜘蛛网上的苍蝇一样，只是声音更大一些。
Sometimes one would circle round and round me in the woods a few feet distant as if tethered by a string, when probably I was near its eggs.
有时，当我可能靠近它的蛋时，它会在几英尺远的树林里围着我转，好像被一根绳子拴着一样。
They sang at intervals throughout the night, and were again as musical as ever just before and about dawn.
他们整个晚上都时不时地唱歌，在黎明前和黎明时分又像以前一样充满音乐性。
When other birds are still the screech owls take up the strain, like mourning women their ancient u-lu-lu.
当其他鸟儿还活着的时候，尖叫猫头鹰就会承担起压力，就像哀悼的妇女发出古老的“u-lu-lu”一样。
Their dismal scream is truly Ben Jonsonian.
他们凄凉的尖叫声确实是本·琼森式的。
Wise midnight hags!
聪明的午夜女巫！
It is no honest and blunt tu-whit tu-who of the poets, but, without jesting, a most solemn graveyard ditty, the mutual consolations of suicide lovers remembering the pangs and the delights of supernal love in the infernal groves.
这不是诗人的诚实而直率的“tu-whit tu-who”，而是毫不开玩笑的一首最庄严的墓地小曲，是自杀爱好者回忆地狱丛林中超凡之爱的痛苦和喜悦时的相互安慰。
Yet I love to hear their wailing, their doleful responses, trilled along the wood-side; reminding me sometimes of music and singing birds; as if it were the dark and tearful side of music, the regrets and sighs that would fain be sung.
然而我喜欢听到他们的哀号，他们悲伤的回应，在树林边颤抖；有时让我想起音乐和歌唱的鸟儿；仿佛这是音乐的黑暗和催人泪下的一面，是乐于唱出的遗憾和叹息。
They are the spirits, the low spirits and melancholy forebodings, of fallen souls that once in human shape night-walked the earth and did the deeds of darkness, now expiating their sins with their wailing hymns or threnodies in the scenery of their transgressions.
他们是灵魂，是堕落灵魂的精神、低落的情绪和忧郁的预感，曾经以人类的形态在大地上行走，做着黑暗的事，现在在他们的罪行中用哀号的赞美诗或挽歌来赎罪。
They give me a new sense of the variety and capacity of that nature which is our common dwelling.
它们让我对我们共同居住的大自然的多样性和容量有了新的认识。
_Oh-o-o-o-o that I never had been bor-r-r-r-n!_ sighs one on this side of the pond, and circles with the restlessness of despair to some new perch on the gray oaks.
_哦-哦-哦-哦-哦，我从来没有被厌烦过！_池塘这边的一个人叹了口气，带着绝望的焦躁不安绕到了灰色橡树上的某个新栖息地。
Then—_that I never had been bor-r-r-r-n!_ echoes another on the farther side with tremulous sincerity, and—_bor-r-r-r-n!_ comes faintly from far in the Lincoln woods.
然后——_我从来没有生过 bor-r-r-r-n！_ 与远处的另一个人以颤抖的真诚相呼应，并且——_bor-r-r-r-n！_从林肯树林的远处传来微弱的声音。
I was also serenaded by a hooting owl.
我还听到了一只猫头鹰的叫声。
Near at hand you could fancy it the most melancholy sound in Nature, as if she meant by this to stereotype and make permanent in her choir the dying moans of a human being,—some poor weak relic of mortality who has left hope behind, and howls like an animal, yet with human sobs, on entering the dark valley, made more awful by a certain gurgling melodiousness,—I find myself beginning with the letters gl when I try to imitate it,—expressive of a mind which has reached the gelatinous mildewy stage in the mortification of all healthy and courageous thought.
近在眼前，你可以想象它是大自然中最忧郁的声音，仿佛她的意思是用这个来刻板印象，并在她的唱诗班中永久保留一个人类垂死的呻吟，——一些可怜的、虚弱的死亡遗物，把希望抛在了身后，像动物一样嚎叫，但带着人类的抽泣，进入黑暗的山谷，因某种潺潺的悠扬而变得更加可怕——当我试图模仿它时，我发现自己从字母g开始，——表达了一种心灵所有健康和勇敢的思想都已达到了令人窒息的发霉阶段。
It reminded me of ghouls and idiots and insane howlings.
它让我想起了食尸鬼、白痴和疯狂的嚎叫。
But now one answers from far woods in a strain made really melodious by distance,—_Hoo hoo hoo, hoorer hoo_; and indeed for the most part it suggested only pleasing associations, whether heard by day or night, summer or winter.
但现在，有人从远处的树林里回答，声音因距离而变得非常悠扬，——_呼呼呼，呼呼呼_；事实上，无论是白天还是晚上、夏天还是冬天，它的大部分内容都只让人产生愉快的联想。
I rejoice that there are owls.
我很高兴有猫头鹰。
Let them do the idiotic and maniacal hooting for men.
让他们为男人进行愚蠢而疯狂的叫喊吧。
It is a sound admirably suited to swamps and twilight woods which no day illustrates, suggesting a vast and undeveloped nature which men have not recognized.
这是一种非常适合沼泽和暮色树林的声音，没有任何一天可以说明，暗示着人类尚未认识到的广阔而未开发的自然。
They represent the stark twilight and unsatisfied thoughts which all have.
它们代表了所有人都有的赤裸的暮色和不满足的想法。
All day the sun has shone on the surface of some savage swamp, where the single spruce stands hung with usnea lichens, and small hawks circulate above, and the chickadee lisps amid the evergreens, and the partridge and rabbit skulk beneath; but now a more dismal and fitting day dawns, and a different race of creatures awakes to express the meaning of Nature there.
一整天，太阳都照在一片荒芜的沼泽地上，那里的一棵云杉上挂着松萝地衣，小鹰在上面盘旋，山雀在常绿树丛中叽叽喳喳地叫着，鹧鸪和兔子在下面躲藏；但现在，一个更加阴沉和合适的一天即将到来，不同种族的生物醒来，表达自然的意义。
Late in the evening I heard the distant rumbling of wagons over bridges,—a sound heard farther than almost any other at night,—the baying of dogs, and sometimes again the lowing of some disconsolate cow in a distant barn-yard.
傍晚时分，我听到远处有马车过桥的隆隆声，这种声音几乎比夜晚的任何其他声音都更远，还有狗的吠叫声，有时又听到远处谷仓院子里一头郁郁寡欢的牛的哞哞声。
In the mean while all the shore rang with the trump of bullfrogs, the sturdy spirits of ancient wine-bibbers and wassailers, still unrepentant, trying to sing a catch in their Stygian lake,—if the Walden nymphs will pardon the comparison, for though there are almost no weeds, there are frogs there,—who would fain keep up the hilarious rules of their old festal tables, though their voices have waxed hoarse and solemnly grave, mocking at mirth, and the wine has lost its flavor, and become only liquor to distend their paunches, and sweet intoxication never comes to drown the memory of the past, but mere saturation and waterloggedness and distention.
与此同时，整个海岸都响起了牛蛙的号角声，古老的酒鬼和水船人的顽强精神，仍然不悔改，试图在他们的斯泰吉亚湖中唱出一首渔歌——如果瓦尔登湖的仙女们能原谅这种比较，因为虽然那里几乎没有杂草，但那里有青蛙——他们很乐意遵守他们古老的节日餐桌上的热闹规则，尽管他们的声音已经减弱沙哑庄重，嘲讽着欢笑，酒失去了味道，变成了只用来胀肚子的酒，甜蜜的陶醉永远不会淹没过去的记忆，而只是饱和、浸水和膨胀。
The most aldermanic, with his chin upon a heart-leaf, which serves for a napkin to his drooling chaps, under this northern shore quaffs a deep draught of the once scorned water, and passes round the cup with the ejaculation _tr-r-r-oonk, tr-r-r-oonk, tr-r-r-oonk!_ and straightway comes over the water from some distant cove the same password repeated, where the next in seniority and girth has gulped down to his mark; and when this observance has made the circuit of the shores, then ejaculates the master of ceremonies, with satisfaction, _tr-r-r-oonk!_ and each in his turn repeats the same down to the least distended, leakiest, and flabbiest paunched, that there be no mistake; and then the bowl goes round again and again, until the sun disperses the morning mist, and only the patriarch is not under the pond, but vainly bellowing _troonk_ from time to time, and pausing for a reply.
最疯狂的，他的下巴放在心叶上，为他流口水的小伙子们提供餐巾纸，在北岸下喝了一口曾经被蔑视的水，并用射精绕着杯子传递_tr-r-r-oonk，tr-r-r-oonk，tr-r-r-oonk！_然后立即从某个遥远的海湾渡过水面，重复相同的口令，其中下一个在资历和腰围已经吞噬了他的分数；当这一仪式在海岸上进行了一圈后，主持人满意地喊道：“tr-r-r-oonk！”每个人都轮流重复同样的事情，直到最不膨胀、最渗漏、最松弛的腹部，以免出现错误。然后碗又转了一圈又一圈，直到太阳驱散了晨雾，只有族长不在池塘底下，时不时地徒劳地吼叫，停下来回应。
I am not sure that I ever heard the sound of cock-crowing from my clearing, and I thought that it might be worth the while to keep a cockerel for his music merely, as a singing bird.
我不确定我是否曾在我的空地上听到过公鸡打鸣的声音，我想，仅仅为了他的音乐而养一只公鸡可能是值得的，因为它是一只歌唱的鸟。
The note of this once wild Indian pheasant is certainly the most remarkable of any bird’s, and if they could be naturalized without being domesticated, it would soon become the most famous sound in our woods, surpassing the clangor of the goose and the hooting of the owl; and then imagine the cackling of the hens to fill the pauses when their lords’ clarions rested!
这种曾经野生的印度雉鸡的声音无疑是所有鸟类中最引人注目的，如果它们能够在不被驯化的情况下归化，它很快就会成为我们树林中最著名的声音，超越鹅的铿锵声和猫头鹰的叫声；然后想象一下，当领主的号角休息时，母鸡的咯咯叫声填补了停顿！
No wonder that man added this bird to his tame stock,—to say nothing of the eggs and drumsticks.
难怪那个人把这只鸟添加到他驯养的股票中，更不用说鸡蛋和鸡腿了。
To walk in a winter morning in a wood where these birds abounded, their native woods, and hear the wild cockerels crow on the trees, clear and shrill for miles over the resounding earth, drowning the feebler notes of other birds,—think of it!
冬天的早晨，漫步在这些鸟儿出没的树林里，它们的原生树林，听到野公鸡在树上啼鸣，声音清脆刺耳，响彻大地数英里，淹没了其他鸟儿微弱的鸣叫声，想想吧！
It would put nations on the alert.
这将使各国保持警惕。
Who would not be early to rise, and rise earlier and earlier every successive day of his life, till he became unspeakably healthy, wealthy, and wise?
谁不想早起，并且在一生中日复一日起得越来越早，直到他变得难以言表的健康、富有和智慧？
This foreign bird’s note is celebrated by the poets of all countries along with the notes of their native songsters.
这种外国鸟的音符与本国歌手的音符一起受到各国诗人的颂扬。
All climates agree with brave Chanticleer.
所有的气候都适合勇敢的殿堂级人物。
He is more indigenous even than the natives.
他甚至比当地人还要本土化。
His health is ever good, his lungs are sound, his spirits never flag.
他的健康状况一直很好，肺部健康，精神饱满。
Even the sailor on the Atlantic and Pacific is awakened by his voice; but its shrill sound never roused me from my slumbers.
甚至大西洋和太平洋上的水手也会被他的声音吵醒；但它的刺耳声音却从未将我从睡梦中惊醒。
I kept neither dog, cat, cow, pig, nor hens, so that you would have said there was a deficiency of domestic sounds; neither the churn, nor the spinning wheel, nor even the singing of the kettle, nor the hissing of the urn, nor children crying, to comfort one.
我不养狗、猫、牛、猪、鸡，所以你会说缺乏家养的声音；既没有搅拌器，也没有纺车，甚至没有水壶的歌声，也没有瓮的嘶嘶声，也没有孩子们的哭声来安慰人。
An old-fashioned man would have lost his senses or died of ennui before this.
一个守旧的人在这之前恐怕已经失去理智或者无聊而死了。
Not even rats in the wall, for they were starved out, or rather were never baited in,—only squirrels on the roof and under the floor, a whippoorwill on the ridge pole, a blue-jay screaming beneath the window, a hare or woodchuck under the house, a screech-owl or a cat-owl behind it, a flock of wild geese or a laughing loon on the pond, and a fox to bark in the night.
甚至连墙上的老鼠也没有，因为它们都被饿死了，或者更确切地说，从来没有被诱饵进去过——只有屋顶上和地板下的松鼠，屋脊上的威普尔，窗下尖叫的冠蓝鸦，房子下的野兔或土拨鼠，房子后面的尖角鸮或猫头鹰，池塘里的一群大雁或笑潜鸟，还有一只在夜里吠叫的狐狸。
Not even a lark or an oriole, those mild plantation birds, ever visited my clearing.
甚至连云雀或黄莺这些性情温和的种植园鸟类也从未造访过我的空地。
No cockerels to crow nor hens to cackle in the yard.
院子里没有公鸡啼叫，也没有母鸡咯咯叫。
No yard!
没有院子！
but unfenced Nature reaching up to your very sills.
但无围栏的大自然一直延伸到你的窗台。
A young forest growing up under your meadows, and wild sumachs and blackberry vines breaking through into your cellar; sturdy pitch pines rubbing and creaking against the shingles for want of room, their roots reaching quite under the house.
一片年轻的森林在你的草地下生长，野生漆树和黑莓藤蔓闯入你的地窖；由于缺乏空间，坚固的油松在瓦片上摩擦并吱吱作响，它们的根伸到了房子下面。
Instead of a scuttle or a blind blown off in the gale,—a pine tree snapped off or torn up by the roots behind your house for fuel.
不是天窗或百叶窗被大风吹走，而是一棵松树折断或被连根拔起，作为燃料。
Instead of no path to the front-yard gate in the Great Snow,—no gate,—no front-yard,—and no path to the civilized world!
而不是在大雪中没有通往前院大门的道路——没有大门，——没有前院，——没有通往文明世界的道路！
Solitude
孤独
This is a delicious evening, when the whole body is one sense, and imbibes delight through every pore.
这是一个美妙的夜晚，整个身体都是一种感觉，每个毛孔都吸收着喜悦。
I go and come with a strange liberty in Nature, a part of herself.
我在大自然中带着一种奇怪的自由来去，这是她的一部分。
As I walk along the stony shore of the pond in my shirt sleeves, though it is cool as well as cloudy and windy, and I see nothing special to attract me, all the elements are unusually congenial to me.
当我穿着衬衫沿着池塘的石岸行走时，虽然天气凉爽，而且阴天有风，也没有看到什么特别吸引我的东西，但所有的元素都对我来说异常的舒适。
The bullfrogs trump to usher in the night, and the note of the whippoorwill is borne on the rippling wind from over the water.
牛蛙的鸣叫声预示着黑夜的到来，而威普尔威的歌声则伴随着水面上的涟漪风声。
Sympathy with the fluttering alder and poplar leaves almost takes away my breath; yet, like the lake, my serenity is rippled but not ruffled.
对随风飘扬的桤木和白杨树叶的同情几乎让我屏住呼吸；然而，我的平静就像湖水一样，泛起涟漪，但并未泛起涟漪。
These small waves raised by the evening wind are as remote from storm as the smooth reflecting surface.
这些由晚风扬起的小波浪，就像光滑的反射面一样远离风暴。
Though it is now dark, the wind still blows and roars in the wood, the waves still dash, and some creatures lull the rest with their notes.
尽管现在天黑了，风仍在树林中呼啸，海浪仍在拍打，一些生物用它们的音符安抚其余的人。
The repose is never complete.
休息永远不会完整。
The wildest animals do not repose, but seek their prey now; the fox, and skunk, and rabbit, now roam the fields and woods without fear.
最狂野的动物不会休息，而是立即寻找猎物；狐狸、臭鼬和兔子现在无所畏惧地在田野和树林中漫步。
They are Nature’s watchmen,—links which connect the days of animated life.
他们是大自然的守望者，是连接生机勃勃的日子的纽带。
When I return to my house I find that visitors have been there and left their cards, either a bunch of flowers, or a wreath of evergreen, or a name in pencil on a yellow walnut leaf or a chip.
当我回到家时，我发现访客已经去过那里并留下了他们的卡片，要么是一束鲜花，要么是常绿花环，要么是在黄色胡桃叶或芯片上用铅笔写下的名字。
They who come rarely to the woods take some little piece of the forest into their hands to play with by the way, which they leave, either intentionally or accidentally.
很少到树林里来的人们，顺便把一小块森林拿在手上玩，然后又有意无意地离开。
One has peeled a willow wand, woven it into a ring, and dropped it on my table.
有人剥了一根柳木魔杖，把它编织成一个戒指，然后把它放在我的桌子上。
I could always tell if visitors had called in my absence, either by the bended twigs or grass, or the print of their shoes, and generally of what sex or age or quality they were by some slight trace left, as a flower dropped, or a bunch of grass plucked and thrown away, even as far off as the railroad, half a mile distant, or by the lingering odor of a cigar or pipe.
我总能在我不在的时候通过弯曲的树枝或草，或者他们鞋上的印记来判断是否有访客来访，一般来说，通过一些留下的轻微痕迹，比如一朵花掉下来，或者一束草被拔掉并扔掉，甚至远到铁路，半英里远，或者通过雪茄或烟斗的挥之不去的气味，通常可以判断他们的性别、年龄或品质。
Nay, I was frequently notified of the passage of a traveller along the highway sixty rods off by the scent of his pipe.
不，我经常被告知有一位旅行者沿着六十杆外的高速公路通过他的烟斗的气味。
There is commonly sufficient space about us.
我们周围通常有足够的空间。
Our horizon is never quite at our elbows.
我们的地平线从来都不是在我们的手边。
The thick wood is not just at our door, nor the pond, but somewhat is always clearing, familiar and worn by us, appropriated and fenced in some way, and reclaimed from Nature.
茂密的树林不仅在我们的门口，也不在池塘边，而是总有一些东西是我们所熟悉和磨损的，以某种方式占用和围起来，并从大自然中回收。
For what reason have I this vast range and circuit, some square miles of unfrequented forest, for my privacy, abandoned to me by men?
出于什么原因，人类为了保护我的隐私而将这片广阔的范围和线路、几平方英里的人迹罕至的森林遗弃给我？
My nearest neighbor is a mile distant, and no house is visible from any place but the hill-tops within half a mile of my own.
我最近的邻居距离我一英里，除了我家半英里以内的山顶之外，从任何地方都看不到任何房子。
I have my horizon bounded by woods all to myself; a distant view of the railroad where it touches the pond on the one hand, and of the fence which skirts the woodland road on the other.
我的地平线被树林所包围；一方面是铁路与池塘相连的远景，另一方面是林地道路周围的栅栏。
But for the most part it is as solitary where I live as on the prairies.
但在大多数情况下，我住的地方就像大草原一样孤独。
It is as much Asia or Africa as New England.
它与新英格兰一样，都是亚洲或非洲。
I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself.
可以说，我有自己的太阳、月亮和星星，还有一个属于自己的小世界。
At night there was never a traveller passed my house, or knocked at my door, more than if I were the first or last man; unless it were in the spring, when at long intervals some came from the village to fish for pouts,—they plainly fished much more in the Walden Pond of their own natures, and baited their hooks with darkness,—but they soon retreated, usually with light baskets, and left “the world to darkness and to me,” and the black kernel of the night was never profaned by any human neighborhood.
晚上从来没有一个旅行者经过我的房子，或者敲我的门，就像我是第一个或最后一个人一样。除非是在春天，那时，每隔很长一段时间，就会有一些鱼从村子里来钓鱼，显然，他们在自己本性的瓦尔登湖里钓鱼得更多，并用黑暗作为鱼饵，但他们很快就撤退了，通常带着轻便的篮子，把“世界留给黑暗和我”，夜晚的黑色核心从未被任何人类邻居亵渎。
I believe that men are generally still a little afraid of the dark, though the witches are all hung, and Christianity and candles have been introduced.
我相信男人普遍还是有点怕黑的，虽然女巫都挂了，基督教和蜡烛也被引进了。
Yet I experienced sometimes that the most sweet and tender, the most innocent and encouraging society may be found in any natural object, even for the poor misanthrope and most melancholy man.
然而我有时体会到，最甜蜜、最温柔、最天真、最鼓舞人心的社会可以在任何自然物体中找到，即使对于可怜的愤世嫉俗者和最忧郁的人来说也是如此。
There can be no very black melancholy to him who lives in the midst of Nature and has his senses still.
对于生活在大自然中、感官依然清醒的人来说，不可能有什么非常黑色的忧郁。
There was never yet such a storm but it was Æolian music to a healthy and innocent ear.
从未有过这样的风暴，但对于健康天真的耳朵来说，这就是埃奥利音乐。
Nothing can rightly compel a simple and brave man to a vulgar sadness.
没有什么能正确地迫使一个单纯而勇敢的人陷入庸俗的悲伤之中。
While I enjoy the friendship of the seasons I trust that nothing can make life a burden to me.
当我享受四季的友谊时，我相信没有什么可以让生活成为我的负担。
The gentle rain which waters my beans and keeps me in the house to-day is not drear and melancholy, but good for me too.
今天的细雨滋润着我的豆子，让我待在屋子里，并不沉闷和忧郁，但对我来说也有好处。
Though it prevents my hoeing them, it is of far more worth than my hoeing.
虽然它阻止了我锄地，但它比我锄地更有价值。
If it should continue so long as to cause the seeds to rot in the ground and destroy the potatoes in the low lands, it would still be good for the grass on the uplands, and, being good for the grass, it would be good for me.
如果它继续下去，以致使地里的种子腐烂，毁坏了低地的马铃薯，那对高地的草来说还是有好处的，而对草有好处，对我来说也是有好处的。
Sometimes, when I compare myself with other men, it seems as if I were more favored by the gods than they, beyond any deserts that I am conscious of; as if I had a warrant and surety at their hands which my fellows have not, and were especially guided and guarded.
有时，当我将自己与其他人进行比较时，似乎我比他们更受到诸神的青睐，超出了我所意识到的任何应得的范围；就好像我有他们手中的搜查令和保证，而我的同伴却没有，并且受到特别的引导和保护。
I do not flatter myself, but if it be possible they flatter me.
我并不自吹自擂，但如果可能的话，他们会吹捧我。
I have never felt lonesome, or in the least oppressed by a sense of solitude, but once, and that was a few weeks after I came to the woods, when, for an hour, I doubted if the near neighborhood of man was not essential to a serene and healthy life.
我从来没有感到孤独，或者至少被孤独感所压抑，但有一次，那是在我来到树林几周后，当时，有一个小时，我怀疑邻近的人类对于宁静和健康的生活是否不是必不可少的。
To be alone was something unpleasant.
独自一人是一件令人不愉快的事情。
But I was at the same time conscious of a slight insanity in my mood, and seemed to foresee my recovery.
但我同时意识到自己的情绪有些疯狂，似乎预见到自己会康复。
In the midst of a gentle rain while these thoughts prevailed, I was suddenly sensible of such sweet and beneficent society in Nature, in the very pattering of the drops, and in every sound and sight around my house, an infinite and unaccountable friendliness all at once like an atmosphere sustaining me, as made the fancied advantages of human neighborhood insignificant, and I have never thought of them since.
在一场小雨中，当这些想法盛行时，我突然感觉到大自然是如此甜蜜和仁慈的社会，在雨滴的淅淅沥沥的雨声中，在我房子周围的每一个声音和景象中，一种无限的、不负责任的友善突然像一种支撑着我的气氛，使人类邻居的幻想优势变得微不足道，从那以后我再也没有想到过它们。
Every little pine needle expanded and swelled with sympathy and befriended me.
每一根小松针都带着同情心扩展、膨胀，并与我成为朋友。
I was so distinctly made aware of the presence of something kindred to me, even in scenes which we are accustomed to call wild and dreary, and also that the nearest of blood to me and humanest was not a person nor a villager, that I thought no place could ever be strange to me again.—
我是如此清楚地意识到某种与我有血缘关系的东西的存在，即使是在我们习惯上称之为狂野和沉闷的场景中，而且与我最接近的、最人性化的血统不是一个人，也不是一个村民，所以我认为没有一个地方会对我来说再陌生了。
“Mourning untimely consumes the sad; Few are their days in the land of the living, Beautiful daughter of Toscar.”
“不合时宜的哀悼吞噬了悲伤的人；他们在生者之地的日子已经不多了，托斯卡美丽的女儿。”
Some of my pleasantest hours were during the long rain storms in the spring or fall, which confined me to the house for the afternoon as well as the forenoon, soothed by their ceaseless roar and pelting; when an early twilight ushered in a long evening in which many thoughts had time to take root and unfold themselves.
我最愉快的时光是在春季或秋季的长时间暴风雨期间，下午和上午我都被限制在屋子里，听着暴风雨不断的咆哮和撞击声，我感到平静。当黎明的曙光迎来了一个漫长的夜晚，许多想法有时间扎根并展开。
In those driving north-east rains which tried the village houses so, when the maids stood ready with mop and pail in front entries to keep the deluge out, I sat behind my door in my little house, which was all entry, and thoroughly enjoyed its protection.
在那些东北方向的大雨中，村里的房屋都受到了考验，当女仆们在前面的入口处准备好拖把和水桶以防止洪水进入时，我坐在我的小房子里的门后，那是所有入口，并充分享受它的保护。
In one heavy thunder shower the lightning struck a large pitch-pine across the pond, making a very conspicuous and perfectly regular spiral groove from top to bottom, an inch or more deep, and four or five inches wide, as you would groove a walking-stick.
在一次雷阵雨中，闪电击中了池塘对面的一棵大松树，从上到下形成了一个非常明显、完全规则的螺旋凹槽，一英寸或更深，四五英寸宽，就像你在手杖上刻出的凹槽一样。
I passed it again the other day, and was struck with awe on looking up and beholding that mark, now more distinct than ever, where a terrific and resistless bolt came down out of the harmless sky eight years ago.
前几天我再次经过它，抬头看到那个标记时，我感到敬畏，现在比以往任何时候都更加清晰，八年前，一道可怕的、不可抗拒的闪电从无害的天空中落下。
Men frequently say to me, “I should think you would feel lonesome down there, and want to be nearer to folks, rainy and snowy days and nights especially.” I am tempted to reply to such,—This whole earth which we inhabit is but a point in space.
经常有男人对我说：“我想你在下面会感到孤独，想与人亲近一些，尤其是雨雪天和夜晚。”我很想回答这样的问题：我们所居住的整个地球只不过是空间中的一个点。
How far apart, think you, dwell the two most distant inhabitants of yonder star, the breadth of whose disk cannot be appreciated by our instruments?
你认为，那颗恒星上两个最遥远的居民居住的地方相距有多远，我们的仪器无法测量其圆盘的宽度？
Why should I feel lonely?
我为什么要感到孤独？
is not our planet in the Milky Way?
我们的星球不是在银河系吗？
This which you put seems to me not to be the most important question.
在我看来，你提出的这个问题并不是最重要的问题。
What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary?
什么样的空间将一个人与他的同伴分开并使他感到孤独？
I have found that no exertion of the legs can bring two minds much nearer to one another.
我发现双腿的任何努力都不能使两个人的心灵更加接近。
What do we want most to dwell near to?
我们最想住在什么附近？
Not to many men surely, the depot, the post-office, the bar-room, the meeting-house, the school-house, the grocery, Beacon Hill, or the Five Points, where men most congregate, but to the perennial source of our life, whence in all our experience we have found that to issue, as the willow stands near the water and sends out its roots in that direction.
当然，不是对很多人来说，仓库、邮局、酒吧、会议室、校舍、杂货店、笔架山或五点，人们最聚集的地方，而是我们生命的永恒源泉，在我们所有的经验中，我们发现它从那里发出，就像柳树站在水边，向那个方向伸出它的根一样。
This will vary with different natures, but this is the place where a wise man will dig his cellar....
这会因不同的性质而有所不同，但这是一个智者会挖掘他的地窖的地方......
I one evening overtook one of my townsmen, who has accumulated what is called “a handsome property,”—though I never got a _fair_ view of it,—on the Walden road, driving a pair of cattle to market, who inquired of me how I could bring my mind to give up so many of the comforts of life.
一天晚上，我在瓦尔登路上遇到了一位镇民，他已经积累了所谓的“一笔可观的财产”——尽管我从来没有公正地看待过它——他赶着一对牛去市场，他问我如何才能下定决心放弃生活中如此多的舒适。
I answered that I was very sure I liked it passably well; I was not joking.
我回答说我很确定我还算喜欢它。我不是在开玩笑。
And so I went home to my bed, and left him to pick his way through the darkness and the mud to Brighton,—or Bright-town,—which place he would reach some time in the morning.
于是我回到家，躺在床上，让他在黑暗和泥泞中选择一条路前往布莱顿，或者说布莱特镇，他会在早上某个时候到达那个地方。
Any prospect of awakening or coming to life to a dead man makes indifferent all times and places.
死者的任何苏醒或复活的前景在任何时间和地点都是无关紧要的。
The place where that may occur is always the same, and indescribably pleasant to all our senses.
可能发生这种情况的地方总是相同的，并且对我们所有的感官来说都是难以形容的愉悦。
For the most part we allow only outlying and transient circumstances to make our occasions.
在大多数情况下，我们只允许边远和短暂的情况成为我们的机会。
They are, in fact, the cause of our distraction.
事实上，它们是我们分心的原因。
Nearest to all things is that power which fashions their being.
与万物最接近的是塑造它们存在的力量。
_Next_ to us the grandest laws are continually being executed.
_其次_对我们来说，最伟大的法律正在不断得到执行。
_Next_ to us is not the workman whom we have hired, with whom we love so well to talk, but the workman whose work we are.
我们旁边的不是我们所雇用的、我们非常喜欢与之交谈的工人，而是我们所从事的工作的工人。
“How vast and profound is the influence of the subtile powers of Heaven and of Earth!”
“天地灵力的影响何等浩大、深远！”
“We seek to perceive them, and we do not see them; we seek to hear them, and we do not hear them; identified with the substance of things, they cannot be separated from them.”
“我们试图感知它们，但我们看不到它们；我们试图听到它们，但我们没有听到它们；我们与事物的本质认同，但它们无法与它们分离。”
“They cause that in all the universe men purify and sanctify their hearts, and clothe themselves in their holiday garments to offer sacrifices and oblations to their ancestors.
“他们促使全宇宙的人们净化和圣化他们的心灵，穿上节日服装向他们的祖先献祭和供奉。
It is an ocean of subtile intelligences.
这是一片微妙智慧的海洋。
They are every where, above us, on our left, on our right; they environ us on all sides.”
它们无处不在，在我们上方，在我们左边，在我们右边；他们从四面八方包围着我们。”
We are the subjects of an experiment which is not a little interesting to me.
我们是一个实验的对象，这对我来说一点也不有趣。
Can we not do without the society of our gossips a little while under these circumstances,—have our own thoughts to cheer us?
在这种情况下，我们难道不能暂时离开流言蜚语的社会吗——有我们自己的思想来鼓舞我们吗？
Confucius says truly, “Virtue does not remain as an abandoned orphan; it must of necessity have neighbors.”
孔子说得真好：“德不遗孤，必有邻”。
With thinking we may be beside ourselves in a sane sense.
通过思考，我们可能会在理智上变得疯狂。
By a conscious effort of the mind we can stand aloof from actions and their consequences; and all things, good and bad, go by us like a torrent.
通过心灵的有意识的努力，我们可以远离行为及其后果；所有的事情，无论好坏，都像洪流一样从我们身边流过。
We are not wholly involved in Nature.
我们并没有完全融入大自然。
I may be either the drift-wood in the stream, or Indra in the sky looking down on it.
我可能是溪流中的浮木，也可能是天空中俯视它的因陀罗。
I _may_ be affected by a theatrical exhibition; on the other hand, I _may not_ be affected by an actual event which appears to concern me much more.
我_可能_受到戏剧表演的影响；另一方面，我可能不会受到我更关心的实际事件的影响。
I only know myself as a human entity; the scene, so to speak, of thoughts and affections; and am sensible of a certain doubleness by which I can stand as remote from myself as from another.
我只知道我自己是一个人类实体；可以说，是思想和情感的场景；我意识到某种双重性，通过这种双重性，我可以与自己保持距离，就像与他人保持距离一样。
However intense my experience, I am conscious of the presence and criticism of a part of me, which, as it were, is not a part of me, but spectator, sharing no experience, but taking note of it; and that is no more I than it is you.
无论我的经验多么强烈，我都意识到我的一部分的存在和批评，可以说，它不是我的一部分，而是旁观者，不分享经验，但记录它；那既不是我，也不是你。
When the play, it may be the tragedy, of life is over, the spectator goes his way.
当人生的戏剧（可能是悲剧）结束时，观众就各走各的路。
It was a kind of fiction, a work of the imagination only, so far as he was concerned.
对他来说，这只是一种虚构，只是想象的作品。
This doubleness may easily make us poor neighbors and friends sometimes.
这种双重性有时很容易使我们成为可怜的邻居和朋友。
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time.
我发现大部分时间独处是有益健康的。
To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating.
与人在一起，即使是最优秀的人，也会很快感到厌倦和消散。
I love to be alone.
我喜欢一个人呆着。
I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.
我从来没有找到比孤独更友善的伴侣。
We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers.
大多数情况下，当我们出国与男人在一起时，我们比呆在自己的房间里更孤独。
A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will.
一个人思考或工作总是孤独的，让他去他想去的地方吧。
Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows.
孤独不是用一个人和他的同伴之间的距离来衡量的。
The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert.
在剑桥学院拥挤的蜂巢中，真正勤奋的学生就像沙漠中的苦行僧一样孤独。
The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can “see the folks,” and recreate, and as he thinks remunerate himself for his day’s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and “the blues;” but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in _his_ field, and chopping in _his_ woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.
农民可以整天独自在田里或树林里耕作，锄地或砍伐，而不会感到孤独，因为他有工作；但当他晚上回家时，他不能独自坐在房间里，任由自己的思绪摆布，而必须呆在他可以“见见人们”的地方，进行娱乐活动，并按照他的想法补偿自己一天的孤独；因此，他想知道学生如何能够整夜和一天的大部分时间独自坐在房子里而不感到无聊和“忧郁”；但他没有意识到，学生虽然在家里，仍然在这片田地里工作，在这片树林里砍伐，就像农民在他的树林里一样，反过来也寻求与后者相同的娱乐和社交，尽管这可能是一种更浓缩的形式。
Society is commonly too cheap.
社会通常太廉价了。
We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other.
我们见面的时间间隔很短，没有时间为彼此获取任何新的价值。
We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old musty cheese that we are.
我们每天三餐见面，互相品尝我们那陈旧发霉的奶酪的新味道。
We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war.
我们必须就一套特定的规则达成一致，称为礼节和礼貌，以使这种频繁的会面可以忍受，并且我们不需要公开战争。
We meet at the post-office, and at the sociable, and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other’s way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another.
我们每天晚上都会在邮局、社交场合、炉边见面。我们生活得很稠密，互相妨碍，互相绊倒，我认为我们因此失去了对彼此的尊重。
Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications.
当然，较低的频率足以进行所有重要而热烈的交流。
Consider the girls in a factory,—never alone, hardly in their dreams.
想想工厂里的女孩们——她们从不孤单，也几乎不在梦中。
It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live.
如果一平方英里只有一个居民，就像我住的地方，那就更好了。
The value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him.
一个人的价值并不在于他的皮肤，而是我们应该触摸他。
I have heard of a man lost in the woods and dying of famine and exhaustion at the foot of a tree, whose loneliness was relieved by the grotesque visions with which, owing to bodily weakness, his diseased imagination surrounded him, and which he believed to be real.
我听说有一个人在树林里迷路，因饥荒和疲惫而死在树下，他的孤独感因怪诞的幻象而得到缓解，由于身体虚弱，他病态的想象力围绕着他，而且他相信这些幻象是真实的。
So also, owing to bodily and mental health and strength, we may be continually cheered by a like but more normal and natural society, and come to know that we are never alone.
同样，由于身体和心理的健康和力量，我们可能会不断受到类似但更正常和自然的社会的鼓舞，并逐渐知道我们永远不会孤单。
I have a great deal of company in my house; especially in the morning, when nobody calls.
我家里有很多人；尤其是早上，没有人打电话。
Let me suggest a few comparisons, that some one may convey an idea of my situation.
让我提出一些比较，以便有人可以传达我的情况的想法。
I am no more lonely than the loon in the pond that laughs so loud, or than Walden Pond itself.
我并不比池塘里笑得那么大声的潜鸟更孤独，也不比瓦尔登湖本身更孤独。
What company has that lonely lake, I pray?
请问哪家公司有那个孤独的湖？
And yet it has not the blue devils, but the blue angels in it, in the azure tint of its waters.
然而，在它蔚蓝的海水中，里面并没有蓝色魔鬼，而是蓝色天使。
The sun is alone, except in thick weather, when there sometimes appear to be two, but one is a mock sun.
太阳是孤独的，除了在天气恶劣的时候，有时会出现两个太阳，但其中一个是假太阳。
God is alone,—but the devil, he is far from being alone; he sees a great deal of company; he is legion.
上帝是孤独的，但魔鬼却远非孤独。他见到了很多同伴；他是军团。
I am no more lonely than a single mullein or dandelion in a pasture, or a bean leaf, or sorrel, or a horse-fly, or a bumble-bee.
我并不比牧场上的一朵毛蕊花或蒲公英，或一片豆叶，或酢浆草，或一只马蝇，或一只大黄蜂更孤独。
I am no more lonely than the Mill Brook, or a weathercock, or the north star, or the south wind, or an April shower, or a January thaw, or the first spider in a new house.
我并不比磨坊溪、风标、北极星、南风、四月的阵雨、一月的融雪、新房子里的第一只蜘蛛更孤独。
I have occasional visits in the long winter evenings, when the snow falls fast and the wind howls in the wood, from an old settler and original proprietor, who is reported to have dug Walden Pond, and stoned it, and fringed it with pine woods; who tells me stories of old time and of new eternity; and between us we manage to pass a cheerful evening with social mirth and pleasant views of things, even without apples or cider,—a most wise and humorous friend, whom I love much, who keeps himself more secret than ever did Goffe or Whalley; and though he is thought to be dead, none can show where he is buried.
我偶尔会在漫长的冬夜来访，那时雪落得很快，风在树林里呼啸，来自一位老定居者和原主人，据说他挖了瓦尔登湖，用石头砸了它，并用松树林围起来；他给我讲述旧时光和新永恒的故事；我们之间度过了一个愉快的夜晚，即使没有苹果或苹果酒，我们也能在社交欢乐和对事物的愉快的看法中度过一个愉快的夜晚。尽管人们认为他已经死了，但没有人能表明他被埋在哪里。
An elderly dame, too, dwells in my neighborhood, invisible to most persons, in whose odorous herb garden I love to stroll sometimes, gathering simples and listening to her fables; for she has a genius of unequalled fertility, and her memory runs back farther than mythology, and she can tell me the original of every fable, and on what fact every one is founded, for the incidents occurred when she was young.
我家附近也住着一位老妇人，大多数人都看不到她，但我有时喜欢在她散发着香味的药草园里漫步，收集简单的东西，听她讲寓言。因为她拥有无与伦比的生育能力，她的记忆可以追溯到比神话更远的地方，她可以告诉我每个寓言的起源，以及每个寓言的基础是什么，因为这些事件发生在她年轻时。
A ruddy and lusty old dame, who delights in all weathers and seasons, and is likely to outlive all her children yet.
一位面色红润、精力充沛的老太太，四季皆宜，很可能比她所有的孩子都长寿。
The indescribable innocence and beneficence of Nature,—of sun and wind and rain, of summer and winter,—such health, such cheer, they afford forever!
大自然难以形容的纯真和仁慈——阳光、风雨、夏天和冬天——这样的健康，这样的欢乐，他们永远提供！
and such sympathy have they ever with our race, that all Nature would be affected, and the sun’s brightness fade, and the winds would sigh humanely, and the clouds rain tears, and the woods shed their leaves and put on mourning in midsummer, if any man should ever for a just cause grieve.
他们对我们的种族如此同情，如果有人出于正当理由悲伤，所有的自然都会受到影响，太阳的亮度会消退，风会仁慈地叹息，云会流下眼泪，树林会落叶并在仲夏陷入哀悼。
Shall I not have intelligence with the earth?
难道我就没有地球的智慧吗？
Am I not partly leaves and vegetable mould myself?
我自己不也有部分叶子和蔬菜发霉吗？
What is the pill which will keep us well, serene, contented?
什么药能让我们保持健康、平静、满足？
Not my or thy great-grandfather’s, but our great-grandmother Nature’s universal, vegetable, botanic medicines, by which she has kept herself young always, outlived so many old Parrs in her day, and fed her health with their decaying fatness.
不是我或你的曾祖父的，而是我们的曾祖母大自然的通用植物药，她通过这些药物使自己永远年轻，比她那个时代的许多老帕尔更长寿，并用它们腐烂的脂肪滋养了她的健康。
For my panacea, instead of one of those quack vials of a mixture dipped from Acheron and the Dead Sea, which come out of those long shallow black-schooner looking wagons which we sometimes see made to carry bottles, let me have a draught of undiluted morning air.
对于我的灵丹妙药，让我喝一口未稀释的早晨空气，而不是从那些长长的、浅黑色帆船状的马车里出来的从阿什隆和死海浸出的混合物，我们有时会看到这些马车用来装瓶子。
Morning air!
早晨的空气！
If men will not drink of this at the fountain-head of the day, why, then, we must even bottle up some and sell it in the shops, for the benefit of those who have lost their subscription ticket to morning time in this world.
如果人们不愿意在一天的源头喝这个，那么我们为什么还要装一些并在商店里出售，以造福那些在这个世界上失去了早晨时间订阅票的人。
But remember, it will not keep quite till noon-day even in the coolest cellar, but drive out the stopples long ere that and follow westward the steps of Aurora.
但请记住，即使在最凉爽的地窖里，它也不会一直保存到中午，但在那之前就赶走塞子，沿着奥罗拉的脚步向西行进。
I am no worshipper of Hygeia, who was the daughter of that old herb-doctor Æsculapius, and who is represented on monuments holding a serpent in one hand, and in the other a cup out of which the serpent sometimes drinks; but rather of Hebe, cupbearer to Jupiter, who was the daughter of Juno and wild lettuce, and who had the power of restoring gods and men to the vigor of youth.
我不是海吉亚的崇拜者，她是那位老草药医生埃斯库拉皮乌斯的女儿，在纪念碑上，她一手拿着一条蛇，另一只手拿着一个杯子，蛇有时会用杯子喝水。而是朱庇特的酒政赫柏，她是朱诺和野生菜的女儿，拥有使众神和人类恢复青春活力的力量。
She was probably the only thoroughly sound-conditioned, healthy, and robust young lady that ever walked the globe, and wherever she came it was spring.
她可能是世界上唯一一位身体健康、身体健康、体格健壮的年轻女士，她所到之处都是春天。
Visitors
访客
I think that I love society as much as most, and am ready enough to fasten myself like a bloodsucker for the time to any full-blooded man that comes in my way.
我想我和大多数人一样热爱社会，并且已经准备好像吸血鬼一样把自己束缚在任何挡在我面前的纯血统男人的身边。
I am naturally no hermit, but might possibly sit out the sturdiest frequenter of the bar-room, if my business called me thither.
我自然不是隐士，但如果我的生意叫我去酒吧，我可能会坐在酒吧里最坚固的常客那里。
I had three chairs in my house; one for solitude, two for friendship, three for society.
我家里有三把椅子；一为孤独，二为友谊，三为社会。
When visitors came in larger and unexpected numbers there was but the third chair for them all, but they generally economized the room by standing up.
当来访者人数较多且出乎意料时，只有第三把椅子可供他们所有人使用，但他们通常通过站着来节省空间。
It is surprising how many great men and women a small house will contain.
令人惊讶的是，一座小房子里容纳了多少伟人。
I have had twenty-five or thirty souls, with their bodies, at once under my roof, and yet we often parted without being aware that we had come very near to one another.
我曾在我的屋檐下同时拥有二十五或三十个灵魂，连同他们的身体，但我们经常分开，却没有意识到我们已经彼此走得很近。
Many of our houses, both public and private, with their almost innumerable apartments, their huge halls and their cellars for the storage of wines and other munitions of peace, appear to me extravagantly large for their inhabitants.
我们的许多房屋，无论是公共的还是私人的，都有几乎无数的公寓、巨大的大厅以及用于储存葡萄酒和其他和平弹药的地窖，在我看来，对于居住者来说，它们显得过于庞大。
They are so vast and magnificent that the latter seem to be only vermin which infest them.
它们是如此巨大和壮丽，以至于后者似乎只是侵扰它们的害虫。
I am surprised when the herald blows his summons before some Tremont or Astor or Middlesex House, to see come creeping out over the piazza for all inhabitants a ridiculous mouse, which soon again slinks into some hole in the pavement.
当传令官在特里蒙特、阿斯特或米德尔塞克斯的某个宅邸前发出召唤时，我感到很惊讶，看到一只可笑的老鼠从广场上爬到所有居民面前，很快又钻进了人行道上的某个洞里。
One inconvenience I sometimes experienced in so small a house, the difficulty of getting to a sufficient distance from my guest when we began to utter the big thoughts in big words.
在这么小的房子里，我有时会遇到一个不便之处，那就是当我们开始用大话表达大想法时，很难与我的客人保持足够的距离。
You want room for your thoughts to get into sailing trim and run a course or two before they make their port.
你需要有足够的空间让你的思绪进入航行平衡状态，并在到达港口之前跑一两个航线。
The bullet of your thought must have overcome its lateral and ricochet motion and fallen into its last and steady course before it reaches the ear of the hearer, else it may plough out again through the side of his head.
你思想的子弹必须克服其横向和跳动运动，并在到达听者的耳朵之前落入最后稳定的路线，否则它可能会再次从他的头的一侧冲出。
Also, our sentences wanted room to unfold and form their columns in the interval.
此外，我们的句子需要空间来展开并在间隔中形成它们的列。
Individuals, like nations, must have suitable broad and natural boundaries, even a considerable neutral ground, between them.
个人，就像国家一样，必须在彼此之间有适当的广泛和自然的边界，甚至是相当大的中立地带。
I have found it a singular luxury to talk across the pond to a companion on the opposite side.
我发现与大洋彼岸的同伴交谈是一种独特的奢侈。
In my house we were so near that we could not begin to hear,—we could not speak low enough to be heard; as when you throw two stones into calm water so near that they break each other’s undulations.
在我家，我们离得很近，以至于我们听不到——我们说话声音低得让人听不到；就像你把两块石头扔进平静的水中，距离很近，以至于它们打破了彼此的波动。
If we are merely loquacious and loud talkers, then we can afford to stand very near together, cheek by jowl, and feel each other’s breath; but if we speak reservedly and thoughtfully, we want to be farther apart, that all animal heat and moisture may have a chance to evaporate.
如果我们只是喋喋不休、大声说话，那么我们可以站得很近，贴着脸，感受彼此的呼吸；但如果我们说话时有所保留和深思熟虑，我们希望距离更远，以便所有动物的热量和水分都有机会蒸发。
If we would enjoy the most intimate society with that in each of us which is without, or above, being spoken to, we must not only be silent, but commonly so far apart bodily that we cannot possibly hear each other’s voice in any case.
如果我们想享受与我们每个人内心无人交谈或高于他人交谈的最亲密的社会，我们不仅必须保持沉默，而且通常身体上相距很远，以至于我们在任何情况下都不可能听到彼此的声音。
Referred to this standard, speech is for the convenience of those who are hard of hearing; but there are many fine things which we cannot say if we have to shout.
参照此标准，讲话是为了方便听力障碍者；但有很多美好的事情，如果我们不得不喊叫的话，我们是无法说出的。
As the conversation began to assume a loftier and grander tone, we gradually shoved our chairs farther apart till they touched the wall in opposite corners, and then commonly there was not room enough.
当谈话的语气开始变得更加崇高和宏大时，我们逐渐把椅子推得更远，直到它们接触到对角的墙壁，然后通常就没有足够的空间了。
My “best” room, however, my withdrawing room, always ready for company, on whose carpet the sun rarely fell, was the pine wood behind my house.
然而，我“最好的”房间，我的休息室，随时准备陪伴，阳光很少落在地毯上，是我房子后面的松树林。
Thither in summer days, when distinguished guests came, I took them, and a priceless domestic swept the floor and dusted the furniture and kept the things in order.
夏天的时候，当尊贵的客人到来时，我会带他们去，还有一个无价的佣人来扫地，掸家具的灰尘，把东西收拾得井井有条。
If one guest came he sometimes partook of my frugal meal, and it was no interruption to conversation to be stirring a hasty-pudding, or watching the rising and maturing of a loaf of bread in the ashes, in the mean while.
如果有一位客人来，他有时会吃我节俭的饭菜，而搅拌速食布丁或观看一条面包在灰烬中发酵和成熟的同时，也不会打扰谈话。
But if twenty came and sat in my house there was nothing said about dinner, though there might be bread enough for two, more than if eating were a forsaken habit; but we naturally practised abstinence; and this was never felt to be an offence against hospitality, but the most proper and considerate course.
但是，如果有二十个人来坐在我家里，就不会谈论晚餐，尽管可能有足够两个人吃的面包，比吃饭是一种被抛弃的习惯更重要；但我们自然而然地实行禁欲；从来没有人认为这是对热情好客的冒犯，而是最恰当、最体贴的做法。
The waste and decay of physical life, which so often needs repair, seemed miraculously retarded in such a case, and the vital vigor stood its ground.
经常需要修复的物质生命的浪费和腐烂，在这种情况下似乎奇迹般地迟缓了，而生命的活力却站稳了脚跟。
I could entertain thus a thousand as well as twenty; and if any ever went away disappointed or hungry from my house when they found me at home, they may depend upon it that I sympathized with them at least.
这样，我既可以招待二十个人，也可以招待一千个人。如果有人在发现我在家时失望或饥饿地离开我家，他们可以相信我至少同情他们。
So easy is it, though many housekeepers doubt it, to establish new and better customs in the place of the old.
尽管许多管家对此表示怀疑，但建立新的、更好的习俗来取代旧的习俗是很容易的。
You need not rest your reputation on the dinners you give.
你不需要把你的声誉建立在你提供的晚餐上。
For my own part, I was never so effectually deterred from frequenting a man’s house, by any kind of Cerberus whatever, as by the parade one made about dining me, which I took to be a very polite and roundabout hint never to trouble him so again.
就我个人而言，从来没有像任何一种塞伯鲁斯那样有效地阻止我经常光顾一个男人的房子，就像有人游行要吃我一样，我认为这是一种非常礼貌和迂回的暗示，不要再这样麻烦他了。
I think I shall never revisit those scenes.
我想我永远不会重温那些场景。
I should be proud to have for the motto of my cabin those lines of Spenser which one of my visitors inscribed on a yellow walnut leaf for a card:—
我应该为我的小屋的座右铭感到自豪，我的一位访客将斯宾塞的诗句刻在一张黄色胡桃叶上作为卡片：
“Arrivéd there, the little house they fill, Ne looke for entertainment where none was; Rest is their feast, and all things at their will: The noblest mind the best contentment has.”
“到达那里，他们挤满了小房子，寻找没有的娱乐；休息是他们的盛宴，一切都随他们的意愿：最崇高的心灵有最好的满足。”
When Winslow, afterward governor of the Plymouth Colony, went with a companion on a visit of ceremony to Massasoit on foot through the woods, and arrived tired and hungry at his lodge, they were well received by the king, but nothing was said about eating that day.
当后来的普利茅斯殖民地总督温斯洛与一位同伴步行穿过树林去马萨索伊特进行仪式访问时，又累又饿地到达他的小屋，他们受到了国王的热情接待，但没有提及当天的饮食。
When the night arrived, to quote their own words,—“He laid us on the bed with himself and his wife, they at the one end and we at the other, it being only planks laid a foot from the ground, and a thin mat upon them.
当夜幕降临时，用他们自己的话说——“他把我们和他自己以及他的妻子放在床上，他们在一端，我们在另一端，木板离地只有一英尺，上面铺着一张薄垫子。
Two more of his chief men, for want of room, pressed by and upon us; so that we were worse weary of our lodging than of our journey.” At one o’clock the next day Massasoit “brought two fishes that he had shot,” about thrice as big as a bream; “these being boiled, there were at least forty looked for a share in them.
他的另外两个主要部下，因为没有空间，从我们身边挤到了我们身上。因此，我们对住宿的厌倦比对旅程的厌倦还要严重。”第二天一点钟，马萨索伊特“带来了两条他射中的鱼”，大约是鳊鱼的三倍大。 “这些正在煮着，至少有四十个人想分一杯羹。
The most ate of them.
其中吃得最多的。
This meal only we had in two nights and a day; and had not one of us bought a partridge, we had taken our journey fasting.” Fearing that they would be light-headed for want of food and also sleep, owing to “the savages’ barbarous singing, (for they used to sing themselves asleep,)” and that they might get home while they had strength to travel, they departed.
这顿饭是我们一天两夜才吃的；如果我们没有人买一只鹧鸪，我们就禁食上路了。”他们担心自己会因“野蛮人的野蛮歌声（因为他们常常唱着睡着）”而因缺乏食物和睡眠而感到头晕，并担心他们可以在有体力旅行时回家，于是他们出发了。
As for lodging, it is true they were but poorly entertained, though what they found an inconvenience was no doubt intended for an honor; but as far as eating was concerned, I do not see how the Indians could have done better.
至于住宿，确实他们的招待很差，尽管他们所感到的不便无疑是为了获得荣誉。但就饮食而言，我不认为印度人可以做得更好。
They had nothing to eat themselves, and they were wiser than to think that apologies could supply the place of food to their guests; so they drew their belts tighter and said nothing about it.
他们自己没有东西吃，他们比认为道歉可以为客人提供食物更明智。于是他们勒紧了腰带，什么也没说。
Another time when Winslow visited them, it being a season of plenty with them, there was no deficiency in this respect.
还有一次温斯洛拜访他们，那是他们丰收的季节，这方面并没有什么缺陷。
As for men, they will hardly fail one any where.
至于男人，他们几乎不会在任何地方失败。
I had more visitors while I lived in the woods than at any other period in my life; I mean that I had some.
当我住在树林里时，我遇到的访客比我一生中任何时候都多。我的意思是我有一些。
I met several there under more favorable circumstances than I could any where else.
我在那里遇到了几个比在其他地方更有利的环境。
But fewer came to see me on trivial business.
但因琐事来看我的人却少了。
In this respect, my company was winnowed by my mere distance from town.
在这方面，我的公司因我距城镇的距离而受到限制。
I had withdrawn so far within the great ocean of solitude, into which the rivers of society empty, that for the most part, so far as my needs were concerned, only the finest sediment was deposited around me.
我已经退入了孤独的大海，社会的河流都流入其中，在大多数情况下，就我的需要而言，只有最细小的沉积物沉积在我周围。
Beside, there were wafted to me evidences of unexplored and uncultivated continents on the other side.
此外，还有一些证据向我飘来，表明另一边有未经探索和未开垦的大陆。
Who should come to my lodge this morning but a true Homeric or Paphlagonian man,—he had so suitable and poetic a name that I am sorry I cannot print it here,—a Canadian, a woodchopper and post-maker, who can hole fifty posts in a day, who made his last supper on a woodchuck which his dog caught.
今天早上谁应该来我的小屋，除了一个真正的荷马式或帕夫拉贡式的人——他有一个如此合适和富有诗意的名字，我很抱歉我不能在这里打印它——一个加拿大人，一个伐木工和邮政制造商，他一天可以挖五十个帖子，他在他的狗抓住的一只土拨鼠上做最后的晚餐。
He, too, has heard of Homer, and, “if it were not for books,” would “not know what to do rainy days,” though perhaps he has not read one wholly through for many rainy seasons.
他也听说过荷马，“如果没有书”，他“不知道下雨天该做什么”，尽管他可能已经有很多雨季没有读完一本了。
Some priest who could pronounce the Greek itself taught him to read his verse in the testament in his native parish far away; and now I must translate to him, while he holds the book, Achilles’ reproof to Patroclus for his sad countenance.—“Why are you in tears, Patroclus, like a young girl?”—
一位能够发音希腊语本身的牧师教他在遥远的家乡教区阅读遗嘱中的诗句。现在我必须在他拿着书的时候向他翻译阿喀琉斯对帕特罗克洛斯悲伤表情的责备。——“帕特罗克洛斯，你为什么像个年轻女孩一样流泪？”——
“Or have you alone heard some news from Phthia?
“或者只有你一个人听到了Phthia的消息吗？
They say that Menœtius lives yet, son of Actor, And Peleus lives, son of Æacus, among the Myrmidons, Either of whom having died, we should greatly grieve.”
他们说，阿克托尔之子墨诺提乌斯还活着，埃阿库斯之子珀琉斯还活着，在米尔米东人之中，他们中的任何一个死去，我们都应该感到非常悲伤。”
He says, “That’s good.” He has a great bundle of white-oak bark under his arm for a sick man, gathered this Sunday morning.
他说：“那很好。”他腋下夹着一大捆白橡树皮，是周日早上为病人收集的。
“I suppose there’s no harm in going after such a thing to-day,” says he.
“我认为今天追求这样的事情没有什么坏处，”他说。
To him Homer was a great writer, though what his writing was about he did not know.
对他来说，荷马是一位伟大的作家，尽管他不知道他的作品是关于什么的。
A more simple and natural man it would be hard to find.
很难找到比他更简单、更自然的人了。
Vice and disease, which cast such a sombre moral hue over the world, seemed to have hardly any existence for him.
罪恶和疾病给世界蒙上了如此阴暗的道德色彩，但对他来说却几乎不存在。
He was about twenty-eight years old, and had left Canada and his father’s house a dozen years before to work in the States, and earn money to buy a farm with at last, perhaps in his native country.
他大约二十八岁，十几年前就离开了加拿大和他父亲的家，到美国工作，挣到钱终于买了一个农场，也许是在他的祖国。
He was cast in the coarsest mould; a stout but sluggish body, yet gracefully carried, with a thick sunburnt neck, dark bushy hair, and dull sleepy blue eyes, which were occasionally lit up with expression.
他是用最粗糙的模子铸造的；身体粗壮但行动迟缓，但举止优雅，脖子粗壮，被晒黑了，头发浓密，深蓝色的眼睛昏昏欲睡，偶尔会露出表情。
He wore a flat gray cloth cap, a dingy wool-colored greatcoat, and cowhide boots.
他戴着一顶平顶的灰色布帽，穿着一件脏兮兮的羊毛色大衣，脚踩牛皮靴子。
He was a great consumer of meat, usually carrying his dinner to his work a couple of miles past my house,—for he chopped all summer,—in a tin pail; cold meats, often cold woodchucks, and coffee in a stone bottle which dangled by a string from his belt; and sometimes he offered me a drink.
他非常爱吃肉，通常会把晚餐装在锡桶里，带到离我家几英里远的地方去上班——因为他整个夏天都在切肉。冷肉，通常是冷土拨鼠，还有装在石瓶里的咖啡，石瓶用绳子挂在腰带上；有时他请我喝一杯。
He came along early, crossing my bean-field, though without anxiety or haste to get to his work, such as Yankees exhibit.
他很早就来了，穿过我的豆田，尽管没有焦虑或匆忙去完成他的工作，比如洋基队的展览。
He wasn’t a-going to hurt himself.
他不想伤害自己。
He didn’t care if he only earned his board.
他不在乎他是否只是挣得了食宿。
Frequently he would leave his dinner in the bushes, when his dog had caught a woodchuck by the way, and go back a mile and a half to dress it and leave it in the cellar of the house where he boarded, after deliberating first for half an hour whether he could not sink it in the pond safely till nightfall,—loving to dwell long upon these themes.
当他的狗顺便抓住一只土拨鼠时，他经常把晚餐留在灌木丛中，然后返回一英里半的地方给它穿衣服，然后把它放在他寄宿的房子的地窖里，然后先考虑半个小时是否能安全地将它沉入池塘直到夜幕降临——喜欢长时间思考这些主题。
He would say, as he went by in the morning, “How thick the pigeons are!
早上经过时，他会说：“鸽子多厚啊！
If working every day were not my trade, I could get all the meat I should want by hunting,—pigeons, woodchucks, rabbits, partridges,—by gosh!
如果每天工作不是我的职业，我可以通过打猎获得我想要的所有肉——鸽子、土拨鼠、兔子、鹧鸪——天哪！
I could get all I should want for a week in one day.”
我可以在一天内得到一周内我想要的一切。”
He was a skilful chopper, and indulged in some flourishes and ornaments in his art.
他是一位熟练的砍刀者，在他的艺术中沉迷于一些华丽和装饰。
He cut his trees level and close to the ground, that the sprouts which came up afterward might be more vigorous and a sled might slide over the stumps; and instead of leaving a whole tree to support his corded wood, he would pare it away to a slender stake or splinter which you could break off with your hand at last.
他把树木砍平并贴近地面，这样随后长出的新芽可能会更加旺盛，雪橇可以在树桩上滑行。他不会留下一整棵树来支撑他的绳木，而是把它削成细长的木桩或碎片，最后你可以用手折断。
He interested me because he was so quiet and solitary and so happy withal; a well of good humor and contentment which overflowed at his eyes.
他让我感兴趣，因为他是如此安静、孤独，却又如此快乐。他的眼睛里洋溢着一种幽默感和满足感。
His mirth was without alloy.
他的笑声毫不含糊。
Sometimes I saw him at his work in the woods, felling trees, and he would greet me with a laugh of inexpressible satisfaction, and a salutation in Canadian French, though he spoke English as well.
有时我看到他在树林里砍树，他会用难以形容的满足的笑声向我打招呼，并用加拿大法语向我致意，尽管他也会说英语。
When I approached him he would suspend his work, and with half-suppressed mirth lie along the trunk of a pine which he had felled, and, peeling off the inner bark, roll it up into a ball and chew it while he laughed and talked.
当我走近他时，他会暂停手上的活儿，半抑制着喜悦地躺在他砍倒的一棵松树树干上，剥下内层树皮，把它卷成一团，边嚼边笑，边说边笑。
Such an exuberance of animal spirits had he that he sometimes tumbled down and rolled on the ground with laughter at any thing which made him think and tickled him.
他的动物精神如此旺盛，有时只要一想到任何让他觉得痒痒的事情，他就会大笑起来，摔倒在地上打滚。
Looking round upon the trees he would exclaim,—“By George!
环顾四周的树木，他会惊呼道：“乔治！
I can enjoy myself well enough here chopping; I want no better sport.” Sometimes, when at leisure, he amused himself all day in the woods with a pocket pistol, firing salutes to himself at regular intervals as he walked.
我在这里切菜很开心；我不想再有更好的运动了。”有时闲暇时，他会拿着袖珍手枪在树林里自娱自乐一整天，边走边定期向自己鸣礼炮。
In the winter he had a fire by which at noon he warmed his coffee in a kettle; and as he sat on a log to eat his dinner the chickadees would sometimes come round and alight on his arm and peck at the potato in his fingers; and he said that he “liked to have the little _fellers_ about him.”
冬天，他会生火，中午他会用火来加热水壶里的咖啡。当他坐在一根圆木上吃晚饭时，山雀有时会过来落在他的手臂上，啄食他手指上的土豆。他说他“喜欢身边有小家伙”。
In him the animal man chiefly was developed.
在他身上，动物性的人主要得到了发展。
In physical endurance and contentment he was cousin to the pine and the rock.
在身体的耐力和满足感方面，他比松树和岩石更胜一筹。
I asked him once if he was not sometimes tired at night, after working all day; and he answered, with a sincere and serious look, “Gorrappit, I never was tired in my life.” But the intellectual and what is called spiritual man in him were slumbering as in an infant.
有一次我问他，工作一整天后，有时晚上不累吗？他一脸真诚而严肃地回答：“戈拉皮特，我这辈子从来没有感到疲倦过。”但他身上的知识分子和所谓的精神人却像婴儿一样沉睡着。
He had been instructed only in that innocent and ineffectual way in which the Catholic priests teach the aborigines, by which the pupil is never educated to the degree of consciousness, but only to the degree of trust and reverence, and a child is not made a man, but kept a child.
他所接受的教育只是天主教神父教导原住民的那种天真而无效的方式，通过这种方式，学生永远不会被教育到意识的程度，而只是达到信任和尊敬的程度，而孩子并没有成为一个男人，而是一直保持着一个孩子。
When Nature made him, she gave him a strong body and contentment for his portion, and propped him on every side with reverence and reliance, that he might live out his threescore years and ten a child.
当大自然创造了他时，她给了他强健的身体和对他所应得的满足，并以崇敬和依赖的态度支撑着他，使他能够活到三十岁，十岁。
He was so genuine and unsophisticated that no introduction would serve to introduce him, more than if you introduced a woodchuck to your neighbor.
他是如此真诚和朴实，任何介绍都不足以介绍他，就像你向邻居介绍一只土拨鼠一样。
He had got to find him out as you did.
他必须像你一样找到他。
He would not play any part.
他不会扮演任何角色。
Men paid him wages for work, and so helped to feed and clothe him; but he never exchanged opinions with them.
人们付给他工作工资，帮助他吃穿。但他从未与他们交换过意见。
He was so simply and naturally humble—if he can be called humble who never aspires—that humility was no distinct quality in him, nor could he conceive of it.
他是如此单纯、自然而然地谦虚——如果他可以被称为谦虚而从不抱负的话——那么谦卑在他身上并没有什么明显的品质，他也无法想象。
Wiser men were demigods to him.
对他来说，聪明的人就是半神。
If you told him that such a one was coming, he did as if he thought that any thing so grand would expect nothing of himself, but take all the responsibility on itself, and let him be forgotten still.
如果你告诉他这样的人即将到来，他就会表现得好像他认为如此伟大的事情不会对他有任何期望，而是将所有责任都揽在自己身上，让他仍然被遗忘。
He never heard the sound of praise.
他从来没有听到过赞美的声音。
He particularly reverenced the writer and the preacher.
他特别尊敬这位作家和传道人。
Their performances were miracles.
他们的表演堪称奇迹。
When I told him that I wrote considerably, he thought for a long time that it was merely the handwriting which I meant, for he could write a remarkably good hand himself.
当我告诉他我写了很多字时，他想了很长一段时间，认为这只是我所说的笔迹，因为他自己也能写出一手非常好的字。
I sometimes found the name of his native parish handsomely written in the snow by the highway, with the proper French accent, and knew that he had passed.
有时我发现他家乡教区的名字在高速公路旁的雪地上漂亮地写着，带着正确的法国口音，我就知道他已经过去了。
I asked him if he ever wished to write his thoughts.
我问他是否愿意写下自己的想法。
He said that he had read and written letters for those who could not, but he never tried to write thoughts,—no, he could not, he could not tell what to put first, it would kill him, and then there was spelling to be attended to at the same time!
他说他曾为那些不会写信的人读过、写过信，但他从来没有尝试过写下想法，——不，他不会，他不知道该把什么放在第一位，这会杀了他，然后同时还要注意拼写！
I heard that a distinguished wise man and reformer asked him if he did not want the world to be changed; but he answered with a chuckle of surprise in his Canadian accent, not knowing that the question had ever been entertained before, “No, I like it well enough.” It would have suggested many things to a philosopher to have dealings with him.
我听说一位杰出的智者和改革家问他是否不想改变世界；他回答道。但他用加拿大口音惊讶地笑了笑，不知道以前曾有人提出过这个问题，“不，我很喜欢这个问题。”与哲学家打交道会给哲学家带来很多启发。
To a stranger he appeared to know nothing of things in general; yet I sometimes saw in him a man whom I had not seen before, and I did not know whether he was as wise as Shakespeare or as simply ignorant as a child, whether to suspect him of a fine poetic consciousness or of stupidity.
在陌生人看来，他似乎对一般事物一无所知。但有时我在他身上看到了一个我以前从未见过的人，我不知道他是否像莎士比亚一样聪明，还是像孩子一样无知，是否怀疑他具有良好的诗意意识或愚蠢。
A townsman told me that when he met him sauntering through the village in his small close-fitting cap, and whistling to himself, he reminded him of a prince in disguise.
一位镇民告诉我，当他遇见他戴着一顶贴身小帽子在村子里闲逛、自吹口哨时，他让他想起了一位乔装的王子。
His only books were an almanac and an arithmetic, in which last he was considerably expert.
他唯一的书是一本年鉴和一本算术，而他在这门学科上相当专家。
The former was a sort of cyclopædia to him, which he supposed to contain an abstract of human knowledge, as indeed it does to a considerable extent.
前者对他来说是一种百科全书，他认为它包含了人类知识的摘要，事实上它在很大程度上确实如此。
I loved to sound him on the various reforms of the day, and he never failed to look at them in the most simple and practical light.
我喜欢向他询问当时的各种改革，他总是从最简单、最实用的角度来看待这些改革。
He had never heard of such things before.
他以前从未听说过这样的事情。
Could he do without factories?
没有工厂他能行吗？
I asked.
我问。
He had worn the home-made Vermont gray, he said, and that was good.
他说，他穿的是自制的佛蒙特灰色衣服，这很好。
Could he dispense with tea and coffee?
他可以不用茶和咖啡吗？
Did this country afford any beverage beside water?
这个国家除了水还买得起任何饮料吗？
He had soaked hemlock leaves in water and drank it, and thought that was better than water in warm weather.
他把铁杉叶泡在水里喝了下去，觉得这比在温暖的天气里喝水更好。
When I asked him if he could do without money, he showed the convenience of money in such a way as to suggest and coincide with the most philosophical accounts of the origin of this institution, and the very derivation of the word _pecunia_.
当我问他是否可以没有金钱时，他以这样一种方式展示了金钱的便利性，这种方式暗示并吻合了对这一制度起源的最具哲学性的描述，以及“pecunia”一词的起源。
If an ox were his property, and he wished to get needles and thread at the store, he thought it would be inconvenient and impossible soon to go on mortgaging some portion of the creature each time to that amount.
如果一头牛是他的财产，而他想在商店买针和线，他认为每次以这个金额抵押牛的一部分会很不方便，而且不可能很快完成。
He could defend many institutions better than any philosopher, because, in describing them as they concerned him, he gave the true reason for their prevalence, and speculation had not suggested to him any other.
他比任何哲学家都能更好地捍卫许多制度，因为在描述与他有关的制度时，他给出了它们盛行的真正原因，而推测并没有向他暗示任何其他原因。
At another time, hearing Plato’s definition of a man,—a biped without feathers,—and that one exhibited a cock plucked and called it Plato’s man, he thought it an important difference that the _knees_ bent the wrong way.
还有一次，听到柏拉图对人的定义——没有羽毛的两足动物——并且一个人展示了一只被拔毛的公鸡并称其为柏拉图的人，他认为膝盖弯曲方向错误是一个重要的区别。
He would sometimes exclaim, “How I love to talk!
他有时会感叹：“我多么喜欢说话啊！
By George, I could talk all day!” I asked him once, when I had not seen him for many months, if he had got a new idea this summer.
天哪，乔治，我可以说一整天！”有一次我已经好几个月没见到他了，我问他今年夏天是否有新想法。
“Good Lord,” said he, “a man that has to work as I do, if he does not forget the ideas he has had, he will do well.
“上帝啊，”他说，“一个必须像我一样工作的人，如果他不忘记自己的想法，他就会做得很好。
May be the man you hoe with is inclined to race; then, by gorry, your mind must be there; you think of weeds.” He would sometimes ask me first on such occasions, if I had made any improvement.
也许和你一起锄地的人喜欢赛跑；那么，天哪，你的心思一定在那儿；你会想到杂草。”有时他会在这种情况下先问我是否有任何进步。
One winter day I asked him if he was always satisfied with himself, wishing to suggest a substitute within him for the priest without, and some higher motive for living.
一个冬天的一天，我问他是否总是对自己感到满意，希望提出一个内在的替代品来替代外面的牧师，以及一些更高的生活动机。
“Satisfied!” said he; “some men are satisfied with one thing, and some with another.
“使满意！”他说； “有些人对一件事感到满意，有些人对另一件事感到满意。
One man, perhaps, if he has got enough, will be satisfied to sit all day with his back to the fire and his belly to the table, by George!” Yet I never, by any manœuvring, could get him to take the spiritual view of things; the highest that he appeared to conceive of was a simple expediency, such as you might expect an animal to appreciate; and this, practically, is true of most men.
一个人，如果他有足够的钱，也许会满足于背对着火、肚子对着桌子坐一整天，乔治！”然而我从来没有通过任何手段让他对事物采取精神观点。他所设想的最高境界似乎是一种简单的权宜之计，就像你可能期望动物会欣赏的那样。事实上，大多数男人都是如此。
If I suggested any improvement in his mode of life, he merely answered, without expressing any regret, that it was too late.
如果我建议他改善生活方式，他只是回答说已经太晚了，没有表示任何遗憾。
Yet he thoroughly believed in honesty and the like virtues.
然而他完全相信诚实和类似的美德。
There was a certain positive originality, however slight, to be detected in him, and I occasionally observed that he was thinking for himself and expressing his own opinion, a phenomenon so rare that I would any day walk ten miles to observe it, and it amounted to the re-origination of many of the institutions of society.
在他身上可以发现某种积极的原创性，无论多么轻微，我偶尔观察到他在为自己思考并表达自己的观点，这种现象是如此罕见，以至于我每天都会步行十英里来观察它，这相当于许多社会机构的重新诞生。
Though he hesitated, and perhaps failed to express himself distinctly, he always had a presentable thought behind.
虽然他犹豫不决，也许没能清楚地表达自己的意思，但他心里总有一个像样的想法。
Yet his thinking was so primitive and immersed in his animal life, that, though more promising than a merely learned man’s, it rarely ripened to any thing which can be reported.
然而，他的思想是如此原始，而且沉浸在他的动物生活中，尽管比一个单纯有学问的人的思想更有前途，但他的思想很少成熟到可以报道的任何事情。
He suggested that there might be men of genius in the lowest grades of life, however permanently humble and illiterate, who take their own view always, or do not pretend to see at all; who are as bottomless even as Walden Pond was thought to be, though they may be dark and muddy.
他认为，生活中可能存在处于最低阶层的天才，无论他们多么谦虚和文盲，他们总是有自己的观点，或者根本不假装明白；它们就像人们认为的瓦尔登湖一样深不见底，尽管它们可能又黑又泥。
Many a traveller came out of his way to see me and the inside of my house, and, as an excuse for calling, asked for a glass of water.
许多旅客特地来看我和我的房子内部，并以打电话为借口，要一杯水。
I told them that I drank at the pond, and pointed thither, offering to lend them a dipper.
我告诉他们我在池塘边喝过水，并指着那里，主动提出借给他们一把勺子。
Far off as I lived, I was not exempted from the annual visitation which occurs, methinks, about the first of April, when every body is on the move; and I had my share of good luck, though there were some curious specimens among my visitors.
我住的地方离我很远，我也未能幸免于每年四月一号左右的探访，那时每个人都在搬家。尽管我的访客中有一些奇怪的样本，但我也有自己的好运气。
Half-witted men from the almshouse and elsewhere came to see me; but I endeavored to make them exercise all the wit they had, and make their confessions to me; in such cases making wit the theme of our conversation; and so was compensated.
济贫院和其他地方的傻瓜都来看我。但我尽力让他们发挥他们所有的智慧，向我坦白。在这种情况下，我们的谈话主题就是机智；并因此得到了补偿。
Indeed, I found some of them to be wiser than the so called _overseers_ of the poor and selectmen of the town, and thought it was time that the tables were turned.
事实上，我发现他们中的一些人比所谓的穷人监督者和镇上的选举委员更聪明，并且认为是时候扭转局面了。
With respect to wit, I learned that there was not much difference between the half and the whole.
关于机智，我了解到一半和全部之间没有太大区别。
One day, in particular, an inoffensive, simple-minded pauper, whom with others I had often seen used as fencing stuff, standing or sitting on a bushel in the fields to keep cattle and himself from straying, visited me, and expressed a wish to live as I did.
特别是有一天，一位无害、头脑简单的乞丐拜访了我，并表示希望像我一样生活，我经常看到他和其他人一起被用作栅栏，站在或坐在田里的斗上，以防止牛群和他自己迷路。
He told me, with the utmost simplicity and truth, quite superior, or rather _inferior_, to any thing that is called humility, that he was “deficient in intellect.” These were his words.
他以极其简单和真实的方式告诉我，他“智力不足”，这比任何所谓的谦卑都优越，或者更确切地说是“低劣”。这是他的话。
The Lord had made him so, yet he supposed the Lord cared as much for him as for another.
主让他如此，但他认为主对他的关心就像对别人的关心一样。
“I have always been so,” said he, “from my childhood; I never had much mind; I was not like other children; I am weak in the head.
“我一直都是这样，”他说，“从我的童年起，我就没有太多的头脑；我不像其他孩子；我的头脑很弱。
It was the Lord’s will, I suppose.” And there he was to prove the truth of his words.
我想这是主的旨意。”他要在那里证明他的话的真实性。
He was a metaphysical puzzle to me.
他对我来说是一个形而上学的谜题。
I have rarely met a fellow-man on such promising ground,—it was so simple and sincere and so true all that he said.
我很少遇到一个有如此前途的同胞，他所说的一切都是那么简单、真诚、那么真实。
And, true enough, in proportion as he appeared to humble himself was he exalted.
而且，确实如此，他表现得越谦卑，他的地位就越高。
I did not know at first but it was the result of a wise policy.
我一开始并不知道，但这是明智政策的结果。
It seemed that from such a basis of truth and frankness as the poor weak-headed pauper had laid, our intercourse might go forward to something better than the intercourse of sages.
看来，从这个可怜的、头脑迟钝的乞丐所奠定的真理和坦诚的基础上，我们的交往可能会比圣人的交往更好。
I had some guests from those not reckoned commonly among the town’s poor, but who should be; who are among the world’s poor, at any rate; guests who appeal, not to your hospitality, but to your _hospitalality_; who earnestly wish to be helped, and preface their appeal with the information that they are resolved, for one thing, never to help themselves.
我有一些客人，他们通常不属于镇上的穷人，但实际上应该属于穷人。无论如何，他们都是世界上的穷人；吸引的不是您的热情好客，而是您的_好客_；他们真诚地希望得到帮助，并在他们的呼吁前加上这样的信息：一方面，他们决心永远不帮助自己。
I require of a visitor that he be not actually starving, though he may have the very best appetite in the world, however he got it.
我要求来访者不要真的挨饿，尽管他可能有世界上最好的胃口，无论他如何得到它。
Objects of charity are not guests.
慈善对象不是客人。
Men who did not know when their visit had terminated, though I went about my business again, answering them from greater and greater remoteness.
人们不知道他们的访问何时结束，但我又继续做我的事情，在越来越远的地方回答他们。
Men of almost every degree of wit called on me in the migrating season.
在迁徙季节，几乎各种才智的人都来拜访我。
Some who had more wits than they knew what to do with; runaway slaves with plantation manners, who listened from time to time, like the fox in the fable, as if they heard the hounds a-baying on their track, and looked at me beseechingly, as much as to say,—
有些人的智慧超出了他们的智慧，但他们不知道该怎么办；带着种植园礼仪的逃亡奴隶，他们时不时地听着，就像寓言中的狐狸，仿佛听到猎犬在追踪他们的踪迹，并用恳求的眼神看着我，几乎是在说：
“O Christian, will you send me back?”
“基督徒啊，你能送我回去吗？”
One real runaway slave, among the rest, whom I helped to forward toward the northstar.
在其他人中，有一个真正的逃亡奴隶，我帮助他走向北极星。
Men of one idea, like a hen with one chicken, and that a duckling; men of a thousand ideas, and unkempt heads, like those hens which are made to take charge of a hundred chickens, all in pursuit of one bug, a score of them lost in every morning’s dew,—and become frizzled and mangy in consequence; men of ideas instead of legs, a sort of intellectual centipede that made you crawl all over.
一个人有一个想法，就像一只母鸡和一只小鸡，那是一只小鸭；那些有一千种想法、蓬头垢面的人，就像那些生来负责照顾一百只小鸡的母鸡，所有的小鸡都在追赶一种虫子，其中二十只小鸡迷失在每天早晨的露水中，——结果变得卷曲和疥疮；他们是有思想的人，而不是有腿的人，是一种让你爬行的知识蜈蚣。
One man proposed a book in which visitors should write their names, as at the White Mountains; but, alas!
一个人提议写一本书，让游客在上面写下自己的名字，就像在白山一样；但是，唉！
I have too good a memory to make that necessary.
我的记忆力太好了，没必要这么做。
I could not but notice some of the peculiarities of my visitors.
我无法不注意到来访者的一些特点。
Girls and boys and young women generally seemed glad to be in the woods.
女孩、男孩和年轻女性似乎都很高兴来到树林里。
They looked in the pond and at the flowers, and improved their time.
他们看着池塘和花朵，改善了时间。
Men of business, even farmers, thought only of solitude and employment, and of the great distance at which I dwelt from something or other; and though they said that they loved a ramble in the woods occasionally, it was obvious that they did not.
商人，甚至农民，只想到孤独和工作，以及我居住的地方与某物的距离。尽管他们说他们偶尔喜欢在树林里漫步，但显然他们并不喜欢。
Restless committed men, whose time was all taken up in getting a living or keeping it; ministers who spoke of God as if they enjoyed a monopoly of the subject, who could not bear all kinds of opinions; doctors, lawyers, uneasy housekeepers who pried into my cupboard and bed when I was out,—how came Mrs. —— to know that my sheets were not as clean as hers?—young men who had ceased to be young, and had concluded that it was safest to follow the beaten track of the professions,—all these generally said that it was not possible to do so much good in my position.
不安分、忠诚的人，他们的时间全部花在谋生或维持生计上。传道人谈论上帝就好像他们享有这个话题的垄断权，无法忍受各种各样的意见；医生、律师、在我外出时窥探我的柜子和床的不安的管家，——太太怎么会知道我的床单不如她的干净？——那些已经不再年轻的年轻人，并得出结论，遵循职业惯例是最安全的——所有这些人普遍表示，以我的立场不可能做那么多好事。
Ay!
哎呀！
there was the rub.
问题就在这里。
The old and infirm and the timid, of whatever age or sex, thought most of sickness, and sudden accident and death; to them life seemed full of danger,—what danger is there if you don’t think of any?—and they thought that a prudent man would carefully select the safest position, where Dr. B.
年老、体弱和胆怯的人，无论年龄或性别，最想的是疾病、突然的事故和死亡。对他们来说，生活似乎充满了危险——如果你想不到危险，那还有什么危险呢？——他们认为，一个谨慎的人会仔细选择最安全的位置，B.
might be on hand at a moment’s warning.
可能会立即出现警告。
To them the village was literally a _com-munity_, a league for mutual defence, and you would suppose that they would not go a-huckleberrying without a medicine chest.
对他们来说，这个村庄实际上是一个“社区”，一个共同防御的联盟，你会认为如果没有药箱，他们就不会去越橘。
The amount of it is, if a man is alive, there is always _danger_ that he may die, though the danger must be allowed to be less in proportion as he is dead-and-alive to begin with.
总而言之，如果一个人还活着，他总是有死亡的危险，尽管危险必须随着他一开始的死活而减小。
A man sits as many risks as he runs.
一个人所冒的风险和他奔跑的风险一样多。
Finally, there were the self-styled reformers, the greatest bores of all, who thought that I was forever singing,—
最后，还有一些自封的改革者，最令人厌烦的人，他们认为我永远在唱歌，——
This is the house that I built; This is the man that lives in the house that I built;
这是我建造的房子；这是住在我建造的房子里的人；
but they did not know that the third line was,—
但他们不知道第三行是——
These are the folks that worry the man That lives in the house that I built.
这些人让住在我建造的房子里的人担心。
I did not fear the hen-harriers, for I kept no chickens; but I feared the men-harriers rather.
我不怕鹞，因为我不养鸡。但我更害怕鹞。
I had more cheering visitors than the last.
欢呼雀跃的访客比上次更多。
Children come a-berrying, railroad men taking a Sunday morning walk in clean shirts, fishermen and hunters, poets and philosophers; in short, all honest pilgrims, who came out to the woods for freedom’s sake, and really left the village behind, I was ready to greet with,—“Welcome, Englishmen!
孩子们来摘浆果，铁路工人穿着干净的衬衫在周日早上散步，渔民和猎人，诗人和哲学家；简而言之，所有诚实的朝圣者，为了自由而来到树林里，真正离开了村庄，我准备好迎接——“欢迎，英国人！
welcome, Englishmen!” for I had had communication with that race.
欢迎，英国人！”因为我和那个种族有过交流。
The Bean-Field
豆田
Meanwhile my beans, the length of whose rows, added together, was seven miles already planted, were impatient to be hoed, for the earliest had grown considerably before the latest were in the ground; indeed they were not easily to be put off.
与此同时，我的豆子已经种好了，它们的行长加起来有七英里，我迫不及待地想锄地，因为最早的豆子在最后的豆子还没有进入地里之前就已经长得很长了。事实上，他们不容易被推迟。
What was the meaning of this so steady and self-respecting, this small Herculean labor, I knew not.
我不知道这种如此稳定和自尊的小艰辛劳动有何意义。
I came to love my rows, my beans, though so many more than I wanted.
我开始爱上我的行，我的豆子，尽管比我想要的要多得多。
They attached me to the earth, and so I got strength like Antæus.
他们把我附着在大地上，所以我得到了像安泰一样的力量。
But why should I raise them?
但我为什么要养它们呢？
Only Heaven knows.
只有天知道。
This was my curious labor all summer,—to make this portion of the earth’s surface, which had yielded only cinquefoil, blackberries, johnswort, and the like, before, sweet wild fruits and pleasant flowers, produce instead this pulse.
这是我整个夏天奇怪的劳动——让地球表面的这一部分，以前只出产五叶草、黑莓、约翰草之类的植物，转而生产出这种豆类。
What shall I learn of beans or beans of me?
我应该从豆子或我的豆子中学到什么？
I cherish them, I hoe them, early and late I have an eye to them; and this is my day’s work.
我珍惜它们，我锄地它们，早晚我都看管它们；这就是我今天的工作。
It is a fine broad leaf to look on.
这是一片精美的阔叶，看起来很漂亮。
My auxiliaries are the dews and rains which water this dry soil, and what fertility is in the soil itself, which for the most part is lean and effete.
我的辅助物是滋润这片干燥土壤的露水和雨水，以及土壤本身的肥力，而土壤大部分是贫瘠而衰弱的。
My enemies are worms, cool days, and most of all woodchucks.
我的敌人是蠕虫、凉爽的日子，尤其是土拨鼠。
The last have nibbled for me a quarter of an acre clean.
最后的人已经把四分之一英亩的土地给我啃干净了。
But what right had I to oust johnswort and the rest, and break up their ancient herb garden?
但我有什么权利赶走约翰草和其他植物，并破坏他们古老的药草园呢？
Soon, however, the remaining beans will be too tough for them, and go forward to meet new foes.
然而很快，剩下的豆子就会对他们来说太难了，并继续迎接新的敌人。
When I was four years old, as I well remember, I was brought from Boston to this my native town, through these very woods and this field, to the pond.
我清楚地记得，当我四岁的时候，我被从波士顿带到了我的家乡，穿过这些树林和这片田野，来到了池塘。
It is one of the oldest scenes stamped on my memory.
这是我记忆中最古老的场景之一。
And now to-night my flute has waked the echoes over that very water.
今晚，我的笛子唤醒了那片水域的回声。
The pines still stand here older than I; or, if some have fallen, I have cooked my supper with their stumps, and a new growth is rising all around, preparing another aspect for new infant eyes.
这里的松树比我还老；或者，如果有些掉下来了，我已经用它们的残肢做了晚饭，新的生长物正在周围生长，为新生的婴儿眼睛准备另一个方面。
Almost the same johnswort springs from the same perennial root in this pasture, and even I have at length helped to clothe that fabulous landscape of my infant dreams, and one of the results of my presence and influence is seen in these bean leaves, corn blades, and potato vines.
几乎同样的约翰草从这片牧场的同一个多年生根中长出来，就连我也最终帮助装饰了我婴儿梦想中的美妙风景，我的存在和影响的结果之一就是在这些豆叶、玉米叶片和土豆藤上看到了。
I planted about two acres and a half of upland; and as it was only about fifteen years since the land was cleared, and I myself had got out two or three cords of stumps, I did not give it any manure; but in the course of the summer it appeared by the arrowheads which I turned up in hoeing, that an extinct nation had anciently dwelt here and planted corn and beans ere white men came to clear the land, and so, to some extent, had exhausted the soil for this very crop.
我种了大约两英亩半的高地；由于这块地才被清理了大约十五年，而我自己也取出了两三根树桩，所以我没有给它施任何肥料。但到了夏天，从我锄地时发现的箭头看来，在白人来开垦土地之前，有一个灭绝的民族古老地居住在这里，种植玉米和豆类，因此，在某种程度上，已经耗尽了种植这种作物的土壤。
Before yet any woodchuck or squirrel had run across the road, or the sun had got above the shrub oaks, while all the dew was on, though the farmers warned me against it,—I would advise you to do all your work if possible while the dew is on,—I began to level the ranks of haughty weeds in my bean-field and throw dust upon their heads.
在所有土拨鼠或松鼠跑过马路之前，或者太阳还没有爬过灌木橡树之前，尽管农民们警告我不要这样做，尽管农民们警告我不要这样做，——我建议你尽可能在露水的时候做所有的工作——我开始铲平豆田里高傲的杂草，把灰尘撒在它们的头上。
Early in the morning I worked barefooted, dabbling like a plastic artist in the dewy and crumbling sand, but later in the day the sun blistered my feet.
一大早，我就赤脚工作，像一位造型艺术家一样在沾满露水、破碎的沙子上涉水，但当天晚些时候，太阳把我的脚晒出了水泡。
There the sun lighted me to hoe beans, pacing slowly backward and forward over that yellow gravelly upland, between the long green rows, fifteen rods, the one end terminating in a shrub oak copse where I could rest in the shade, the other in a blackberry field where the green berries deepened their tints by the time I had made another bout.
在那里，太阳照亮了我锄豆子，在黄色砾石高地上缓慢地前后踱步，在长长的绿色行、十五根杆之间，一端终止于橡树灌木丛，我可以在树荫下休息，另一端终止于黑莓田，当我再进行另一场比赛时，绿色浆果的颜色加深了。
Removing the weeds, putting fresh soil about the bean stems, and encouraging this weed which I had sown, making the yellow soil express its summer thought in bean leaves and blossoms rather than in wormwood and piper and millet grass, making the earth say beans instead of grass,—this was my daily work.
除去杂草，在豆茎上换上新鲜的土，鼓励这颗我种下的野草，让黄土不再用艾草、荠菜、粟草，而用豆叶、花来表达夏天的思绪，让大地说豆而不说草，这就是我每天的工作。
As I had little aid from horses or cattle, or hired men or boys, or improved implements of husbandry, I was much slower, and became much more intimate with my beans than usual.
由于我几乎没有马或牛的帮助，也没有雇工或男孩，也没有改进的畜牧工具，所以我的速度慢了很多，并且比平常更加亲密地对待我的豆子。
But labor of the hands, even when pursued to the verge of drudgery, is perhaps never the worst form of idleness.
但手工劳动，即使被追求到苦差事的边缘，也许从来都不是最糟糕的无所事事形式。
It has a constant and imperishable moral, and to the scholar it yields a classic result.
它具有恒久不变的道德，对于学者来说它产生了经典的结果。
A very _agricola laboriosus_ was I to travellers bound westward through Lincoln and Wayland to nobody knows where; they sitting at their ease in gigs, with elbows on knees, and reins loosely hanging in festoons; I the home-staying, laborious native of the soil.
对于那些向西穿过林肯和韦兰到达无人知道的地方的旅行者来说，我是一个非常“农业劳动”的人。他们悠闲地坐在平底船上，手肘放在膝盖上，缰绳松松地挂在花彩上。我是一个居家、勤劳的土生土长的人。
But soon my homestead was out of their sight and thought.
但很快我的家园就离开了他们的视线和想法。
It was the only open and cultivated field for a great distance on either side of the road; so they made the most of it; and sometimes the man in the field heard more of travellers’ gossip and comment than was meant for his ear: “Beans so late!
这是路两边很长一段距离内唯一一块开阔的耕地。所以他们充分利用了它；有时，田野里的人会听到更多旅行者的闲言碎语和评论，超出了他的耳朵：“豆子这么晚了！
peas so late!”—for I continued to plant when others had begun to hoe,—the ministerial husbandman had not suspected it.
豌豆这么晚了！”——因为当其他人开始锄地时，我还在继续种植——部长农夫并没有怀疑这一点。
“Corn, my boy, for fodder; corn for fodder.” “Does he _live_ there?” asks the black bonnet of the gray coat; and the hard-featured farmer reins up his grateful dobbin to inquire what you are doing where he sees no manure in the furrow, and recommends a little chip dirt, or any little waste stuff, or it may be ashes or plaster.
“玉米，我的孩子，当饲料；玉米当饲料。” “他住在那里吗？”灰色大衣的黑色帽子问道；面容坚强的农民勒住他感激的土鹬，询问你在犁沟里没有肥料的地方在做什么，并建议撒一点碎土，或任何小废物，或者可能是灰烬或石膏。
But here were two acres and a half of furrows, and only a hoe for cart and two hands to draw it,—there being an aversion to other carts and horses,—and chip dirt far away.
但这里有两英亩半的犁沟，只有一把锄头用来拉车，两只手用来拉车——人们厌恶其他的车和马——而且把泥土铲到很远的地方。
Fellow-travellers as they rattled by compared it aloud with the fields which they had passed, so that I came to know how I stood in the agricultural world.
旅伴们一路叮叮当当地走过，大声地将这里与他们经过的田野进行比较，这样我就知道自己在农业世界中的地位如何了。
This was one field not in Mr. Coleman’s report.
这是科尔曼先生报告中没有的一个领域。
And, by the way, who estimates the value of the crop which nature yields in the still wilder fields unimproved by man?
顺便问一下，谁能估计大自然在未经人类耕种、更加荒凉的田野上产出的农作物的价值呢？
The crop of _English_ hay is carefully weighed, the moisture calculated, the silicates and the potash; but in all dells and pond holes in the woods and pastures and swamps grows a rich and various crop only unreaped by man.
仔细称量英国干草的重量，计算水分、硅酸盐和钾肥；但在树林、牧场和沼泽的所有山谷和池塘洞里，都生长着丰富多样的农作物，只是人类尚未收获。
Mine was, as it were, the connecting link between wild and cultivated fields; as some states are civilized, and others half-civilized, and others savage or barbarous, so my field was, though not in a bad sense, a half-cultivated field.
我的土地可以说是连接野生田和耕地的纽带。正如有些国家是文明的，有些国家是半文明的，有些国家是野蛮的或野蛮的，所以我的领域是一个半开化的领域，尽管不是坏的意义上。
They were beans cheerfully returning to their wild and primitive state that I cultivated, and my hoe played the _Ranz des Vaches_ for them.
它们是豆子，兴高采烈地回到了我种植的野生和原始状态，我的锄头为它们演奏了《Ranz des Vaches》。
Near at hand, upon the topmost spray of a birch, sings the brown-thrasher—or red mavis, as some love to call him—all the morning, glad of your society, that would find out another farmer’s field if yours were not here.
不远处，在一棵白桦树的最高处，棕色鸫鸟（或者有些人喜欢称呼它为红鸫）整个早上都在歌唱，很高兴有你们的陪伴，如果你的田地不在这里，它会发现另一个农民的田地。
While you are planting the seed, he cries,—“Drop it, drop it,—cover it up, cover it up,—pull it up, pull it up, pull it up.” But this was not corn, and so it was safe from such enemies as he.
当你种下种子时，他喊道：“丢掉它，丢掉它，把它盖起来，盖起来，把它拔起来，拔起来，拔起来。”但这不是玉米，因此不会受到像他这样的敌人的攻击。
You may wonder what his rigmarole, his amateur Paganini performances on one string or on twenty, have to do with your planting, and yet prefer it to leached ashes or plaster.
你可能想知道他的胡言乱语，他业余的帕格尼尼用一根弦或二十根弦演奏的音乐，与你的种植有什么关系，但你更喜欢它而不是沥滤灰烬或石膏。
It was a cheap sort of top dressing in which I had entire faith.
这是一种廉价的追肥，我对此充满信心。
As I drew a still fresher soil about the rows with my hoe, I disturbed the ashes of unchronicled nations who in primeval years lived under these heavens, and their small implements of war and hunting were brought to the light of this modern day.
当我用锄头在田间挖出更新鲜的土壤时，我搅动了那些在远古时期生活在这片天空下的未编年史国家的灰烬，他们的战争和狩猎小工具在现代被带入了光明。
They lay mingled with other natural stones, some of which bore the marks of having been burned by Indian fires, and some by the sun, and also bits of pottery and glass brought hither by the recent cultivators of the soil.
它们与其他天然石头混杂在一起，其中一些带有被印度大火烧焦的痕迹，一些被太阳烧焦的痕迹，还有最近耕种土地的人带来的陶器和玻璃碎片。
When my hoe tinkled against the stones, that music echoed to the woods and the sky, and was an accompaniment to my labor which yielded an instant and immeasurable crop.
当我的锄头敲击石头时，音乐在树林和天空中回荡，成为我劳动的伴奏，我的劳动立即获得了不可估量的收获。
It was no longer beans that I hoed, nor I that hoed beans; and I remembered with as much pity as pride, if I remembered at all, my acquaintances who had gone to the city to attend the oratorios.
我不再锄豆子，也不再锄豆子；如果我还记得的话，我怀着怜悯和自豪的心情想起了那些进城参加清唱剧的熟人。
The night-hawk circled overhead in the sunny afternoons—for I sometimes made a day of it—like a mote in the eye, or in heaven’s eye, falling from time to time with a swoop and a sound as if the heavens were rent, torn at last to very rags and tatters, and yet a seamless cope remained; small imps that fill the air and lay their eggs on the ground on bare sand or rocks on the tops of hills, where few have found them; graceful and slender like ripples caught up from the pond, as leaves are raised by the wind to float in the heavens; such kindredship is in Nature.
夜鹰在阳光明媚的下午在头顶盘旋——因为我有时会度过一天——就像眼睛里或天眼里的一颗微粒，时不时地猛扑而下，发出声音，仿佛天空被撕裂，最后被撕得破烂不堪，但仍然保持着无缝的顶部；空中的小精灵，将卵产在裸露的沙子或山顶岩石上，但很少有人在这些地方找到它们；亭亭玉立，如池塘里掀起的涟漪，如树叶被风扬起飘向天空；这种亲缘关系是自然存在的。
The hawk is aerial brother of the wave which he sails over and surveys, those his perfect air-inflated wings answering to the elemental unfledged pinions of the sea.
鹰是海浪的空中兄弟，它飞过海浪并进行勘察，它那完美的充气翅膀与海洋中未成熟的小齿轮相呼应。
Or sometimes I watched a pair of hen-hawks circling high in the sky, alternately soaring and descending, approaching, and leaving one another, as if they were the embodiment of my own thoughts.
有时我会看到一对母鹰在高空盘旋，时而飞翔，时而下降，时而靠近，时而离开，仿佛它们是我自己思想的化身。
Or I was attracted by the passage of wild pigeons from this wood to that, with a slight quivering winnowing sound and carrier haste; or from under a rotten stump my hoe turned up a sluggish portentous and outlandish spotted salamander, a trace of Egypt and the Nile, yet our contemporary.
或者，我被野鸽子从这片树林飞到那片树林所吸引，伴随着轻微颤抖的扬谷声和飞翔的匆忙；或者，我的锄头从腐烂的树桩下挖出了一条迟缓的、不祥的、古怪的斑点蝾螈，这是埃及和尼罗河的痕迹，但却是我们同时代的。
When I paused to lean on my hoe, these sounds and sights I heard and saw anywhere in the row, a part of the inexhaustible entertainment which the country offers.
当我停下来靠在锄头上时，我在行列的任何地方听到和看到这些声音和景象，这是这个国家提供的无穷无尽的娱乐的一部分。
On gala days the town fires its great guns, which echo like popguns to these woods, and some waifs of martial music occasionally penetrate thus far.
每逢节庆日，小镇都会鸣响大炮，炮声像爆竹一样在树林里回响，偶尔还会传来一些军乐的旋律。
To me, away there in my bean-field at the other end of the town, the big guns sounded as if a puffball had burst; and when there was a military turnout of which I was ignorant, I have sometimes had a vague sense all the day of some sort of itching and disease in the horizon, as if some eruption would break out there soon, either scarlatina or canker-rash, until at length some more favorable puff of wind, making haste over the fields and up the Wayland road, brought me information of the “trainers.” It seemed by the distant hum as if somebody’s bees had swarmed, and that the neighbors, according to Virgil’s advice, by a faint _tintinnabulum_ upon the most sonorous of their domestic utensils, were endeavoring to call them down into the hive again.
对我来说，在城镇另一端我的豆田里，大炮的声音就像马勃爆裂一样；当我不知道有军队参加的时候，我有时会整天隐隐约约地感觉到地平线上有某种瘙痒和疾病，好像那里很快就会爆发某种爆发，要么是猩红热，要么是溃疡性皮疹，直到最后一阵更有利的风，在田野上疾驰，沿着韦兰公路，给我带来了“训练员”的信息。从远处传来的嗡嗡声似乎有人的蜜蜂已经蜂拥而至，而邻居们按照维吉尔的建议，通过他们最响亮的家用器具上微弱的“tintinnabulum”声，试图将它们再次召唤到蜂巢中。
And when the sound died quite away, and the hum had ceased, and the most favorable breezes told no tale, I knew that they had got the last drone of them all safely into the Middlesex hive, and that now their minds were bent on the honey with which it was smeared.
当声音完全消失，嗡嗡声停止，最有利的微风也没有讲述任何故事时，我知道他们已经将最后一只雄蜂安全地送进了米德尔塞克斯蜂巢，现在他们的注意力集中在涂在蜂巢上的蜂蜜上。
I felt proud to know that the liberties of Massachusetts and of our fatherland were in such safe keeping; and as I turned to my hoeing again I was filled with an inexpressible confidence, and pursued my labor cheerfully with a calm trust in the future.
我很自豪地知道马萨诸塞州和我们祖国的自由得到了如此安全的保障。当我再次开始锄地时，我心中充满了一种难以言喻的信心，带着对未来的平静信心，愉快地从事着我的劳动。
When there were several bands of musicians, it sounded as if all the village was a vast bellows, and all the buildings expanded and collapsed alternately with a din.
当几支乐队响起时，整个村子就像是一片巨大的风箱，所有的建筑都在一阵喧嚣声中交替膨胀和倒塌。
But sometimes it was a really noble and inspiring strain that reached these woods, and the trumpet that sings of fame, and I felt as if I could spit a Mexican with a good relish,—for why should we always stand for trifles?—and looked round for a woodchuck or a skunk to exercise my chivalry upon.
但有时，真正高贵而鼓舞人心的音乐传到了这片树林里，喇叭声歌唱着名声，我感觉自己好像可以津津有味地吐出墨西哥人——为什么我们总是要为琐事而袖手旁观？——然后环顾四周，寻找土拨鼠或臭鼬来锻炼我的骑士精神。
These martial strains seemed as far away as Palestine, and reminded me of a march of crusaders in the horizon, with a slight tantivy and tremulous motion of the elm-tree tops which overhang the village.
这些军事张力似乎远在巴勒斯坦，让我想起地平线上十字军的行军，村庄上方的榆树树顶轻轻颤抖着。
This was one of the _great_ days; though the sky had from my clearing only the same everlastingly great look that it wears daily, and I saw no difference in it.
这是最美好的日子之一；尽管天空在我的空地上只有日常的永恒美丽的外观，但我看不出有什么不同。
It was a singular experience that long acquaintance which I cultivated with beans, what with planting, and hoeing, and harvesting, and threshing, and picking over and selling them,—the last was the hardest of all,—I might add eating, for I did taste.
这是一种奇特的经历，我与豆类一起种植，种植，锄地，收获，脱粒，挑选和出售它们，最后是最难的，我可能会加上吃，因为我确实尝过。
I was determined to know beans.
我决心要了解豆子。
When they were growing, I used to hoe from five o’clock in the morning till noon, and commonly spent the rest of the day about other affairs.
当它们生长时，我常常从早上五点锄地到中午，通常剩下的时间都用来处理其他事情。
Consider the intimate and curious acquaintance one makes with various kinds of weeds,—it will bear some iteration in the account, for there was no little iteration in the labor,—disturbing their delicate organizations so ruthlessly, and making such invidious distinctions with his hoe, levelling whole ranks of one species, and sedulously cultivating another.
想想一个人对各种杂草的亲密而好奇的认识——这将在叙述中出现一些重复，因为在劳动中没有一点重复——如此无情地扰乱它们脆弱的组织，并用他的锄头做出如此令人讨厌的区分，平整一个物种的整个等级，并刻意培育另一个物种。
That’s Roman wormwood,—that’s pigweed,—that’s sorrel,—that’s piper-grass,—have at him, chop him up, turn his roots upward to the sun, don’t let him have a fibre in the shade, if you do he’ll turn himself t’other side up and be as green as a leek in two days.
那是罗马艾草，那是猪草，那是酢浆草，那是风笛草，把它砍下来，把他砍碎，把他的根朝阳，不要让他在阴凉处有一根纤维，如果你这么做了，他就会把自己翻到另一面，两天后就变得像韭菜一样绿。
A long war, not with cranes, but with weeds, those Trojans who had sun and rain and dews on their side.
一场漫长的战争，不是与鹤，而是与杂草，那些拥有阳光、雨露和露水的特洛伊人。
Daily the beans saw me come to their rescue armed with a hoe, and thin the ranks of their enemies, filling up the trenches with weedy dead.
每天，豆子们都会看到我拿着锄头来救援他们，削弱他们的敌人队伍，用杂草死物填满战壕。
Many a lusty crest-waving Hector, that towered a whole foot above his crowding comrades, fell before my weapon and rolled in the dust.
许多精力充沛、挥舞着头冠的赫克托耳，比他拥挤的战友高出整整一英尺，倒在我的武器前，在尘土中打滚。
Those summer days which some of my contemporaries devoted to the fine arts in Boston or Rome, and others to contemplation in India, and others to trade in London or New York, I thus, with the other farmers of New England, devoted to husbandry.
在那些夏日里，我的同代人中的一些人在波士顿或罗马致力于美术，另一些人在印度沉思，另一些人在伦敦或纽约从事贸易，而我则与新英格兰的其他农民一起致力于畜牧业。
Not that I wanted beans to eat, for I am by nature a Pythagorean, so far as beans are concerned, whether they mean porridge or voting, and exchanged them for rice; but, perchance, as some must work in fields if only for the sake of tropes and expression, to serve a parable-maker one day.
并不是说我要吃豆子，因为我本质上是毕达哥拉斯主义者，就豆子而言，无论是粥还是投票，都用它们换取米；但是，也许，因为有些人必须在田野里工作，哪怕只是为了比喻和表达，有一天为寓言制作者服务。
It was on the whole a rare amusement, which, continued too long, might have become a dissipation.
总的来说，这是一种难得的娱乐，持续时间太长，可能会变成一种消遣。
Though I gave them no manure, and did not hoe them all once, I hoed them unusually well as far as I went, and was paid for it in the end, “there being in truth,” as Evelyn says, “no compost or lætation whatsoever comparable to this continual motion, repastination, and turning of the mould with the spade.” “The earth,” he adds elsewhere, “especially if fresh, has a certain magnetism in it, by which it attracts the salt, power, or virtue (call it either) which gives it life, and is the logic of all the labor and stir we keep about it, to sustain us; all dungings and other sordid temperings being but the vicars succedaneous to this improvement.” Moreover, this being one of those “worn-out and exhausted lay fields which enjoy their sabbath,” had perchance, as Sir Kenelm Digby thinks likely, attracted “vital spirits” from the air.
虽然我没有给它们施肥，也没有锄过它们一次，但我把它们锄地得异常好，最后也得到了报酬，“事实上，”正如伊芙琳所说，“没有任何堆肥或肥料可以与这种不断的运动、再施肥和用铁锹转动模具相媲美。”他在别处补充道：“地球，尤其是新鲜的地球，具有一定的磁性，它能吸引赋予它生命的盐分、力量或美德（两者都可以这么称呼），这也是我们为维持我们而在地球周围进行的所有劳动和搅拌的逻辑；所有的粪便和其他肮脏的锻炼都只是这种改进的继任者。”此外，正如凯内尔姆·迪格比爵士所认为的那样，这里是“享受安息日的疲惫不堪的外行田野”之一，有可能吸引来自空气的“活力精神”。
I harvested twelve bushels of beans.
我收获了十二蒲式耳豆子。
But to be more particular, for it is complained that Mr. Coleman has reported chiefly the expensive experiments of gentlemen farmers, my outgoes were,—
但更具体地说，因为有人抱怨科尔曼先生主要报道了绅士农民的昂贵实验，我的支出是——
For a hoe,..................................
对于锄头来说，............
$ 0.54 Ploughing, harrowing, and furrowing,.........
$ 0.54 犁地、耙地和犁沟......
7.50 Too much.
7.50 太多了。
Beans for seed,..............................
种子豆类，......................................
3.12½ Potatoes for seed,...........................
3.12½ 马铃薯种子.........................................
1.33 Peas for seed,...............................
1.33 豌豆种子..............................................
0.40 Turnip seed,.................................
0.40 萝卜种子.................................................
0.06 White line for crow fence,...................
0.06 防鸦围栏白线，......................
0.02 Horse cultivator and boy three hours,........
0.02 养马者与童子三小时，........
1.00 Horse and cart to get crop,..................
1.00 马车去收获庄稼，......................
0.75 ———— In all,.................................
0.75 ———— 总共……………………
$14.72½
$14.72½
My income was (patrem familias vendacem, non emacem esse oportet), from
我的收入是（patrem familias vendacem, non emacem esse oportet），来自
Nine bushels and twelve quarts of beans sold,.
售出九蒲式耳和十二夸脱的豆子。
$16.94 Five " large potatoes,....................
$16.94 五个“大土豆，......................
2.50 Nine " small,.............................
2.50 九寸小，........................................
2.25 Grass,..........................................
2.25 草..............................................
1.00 Stalks,.........................................
1.00 茎.................................................
0.75 ———— In all,...................................
0.75 ———— 总共…………………………
$23.44 Leaving a pecuniary profit, as I have elsewhere said, of..............
$23.44 留下金钱利润，正如我在别处所说的那样，............
$8.71½.
$8.71½。
This is the result of my experience in raising beans.
这是我养豆经验的结果。
Plant the common small white bush bean about the first of June, in rows three feet by eighteen inches apart, being careful to select fresh round and unmixed seed.
大约在六月一日种植常见的小白灌木豆，行距三英尺乘十八英寸，小心选择新鲜的圆形和未混合的种子。
First look out for worms, and supply vacancies by planting anew.
首先要注意是否有虫子，然后重新种植以填补空缺。
Then look out for woodchucks, if it is an exposed place, for they will nibble off the earliest tender leaves almost clean as they go; and again, when the young tendrils make their appearance, they have notice of it, and will shear them off with both buds and young pods, sitting erect like a squirrel.
然后留意土拨鼠，如果是在暴露的地方，因为它们会一边走一边把最早的嫩叶啃得几乎干净；再次，当年轻的卷须出现时，它们会注意到这一点，并会像松鼠一样笔直地坐着，将它们与芽和幼豆荚一起剪掉。
But above all harvest as early as possible, if you would escape frosts and have a fair and salable crop; you may save much loss by this means.
但最重要的是，如果您能避开霜冻并获得公平且可销售的作物，请尽早收获；通过这种方式你可以节省很多损失。
This further experience also I gained.
我也获得了这一进一步的经验。
I said to myself, I will not plant beans and corn with so much industry another summer, but such seeds, if the seed is not lost, as sincerity, truth, simplicity, faith, innocence, and the like, and see if they will not grow in this soil, even with less toil and manurance, and sustain me, for surely it has not been exhausted for these crops.
我对自己说，再过一个夏天，我不会如此勤奋地种植豆类和玉米，但如果种子没有丢失，比如真诚、真理、纯朴、信仰、纯真等等，看看它们是否能在这片土地上生长，即使用更少的辛劳和施肥，也能支撑我，因为这些庄稼的土地肯定还没有枯竭。
Alas!
唉!
I said this to myself; but now another summer is gone, and another, and another, and I am obliged to say to you, Reader, that the seeds which I planted, if indeed they _were_ the seeds of those virtues, were wormeaten or had lost their vitality, and so did not come up.
我对自己这样说；但现在又一个夏天过去了，一个又一个，又一个，我不得不对你说，读者，我种下的种子，如果它们确实是那些美德的种子的话，已经被虫蛀了，或者已经失去了活力，所以没有发芽。
Commonly men will only be brave as their fathers were brave, or timid.
通常，男人只会像他们的父辈一样勇敢，或者胆怯。
This generation is very sure to plant corn and beans each new year precisely as the Indians did centuries ago and taught the first settlers to do, as if there were a fate in it.
这一代人肯定会在每年新年种植玉米和豆类，就像几个世纪前印第安人所做的那样，并教导第一批定居者这样做，就好像这里面有命运一样。
I saw an old man the other day, to my astonishment, making the holes with a hoe for the seventieth time at least, and not for himself to lie down in!
有一天，我惊讶地看到一位老人用锄头挖了至少七十次洞，而且不是为了让自己躺进去！
But why should not the New Englander try new adventures, and not lay so much stress on his grain, his potato and grass crop, and his orchards,—raise other crops than these?
但是，为什么新英格兰人不应该尝试新的冒险，也不应该对他的谷物、马铃薯和草作物以及他的果园施加如此大的压力——种植除这些以外的其他作物呢？
Why concern ourselves so much about our beans for seed, and not be concerned at all about a new generation of men?
为什么我们如此关心我们的种子豆子，而不关心新一代的男人？
We should really be fed and cheered if when we met a man we were sure to see that some of the qualities which I have named, which we all prize more than those other productions, but which are for the most part broadcast and floating in the air, had taken root and grown in him.
如果当我们遇到一个人时，我们一定会看到我所提到的某些品质，我们都比其他作品更加珍视，但大部分都是广播和漂浮在空气中，我们真的应该感到高兴和欢呼，已经在他身上生根发芽。
Here comes such a subtile and ineffable quality, for instance, as truth or justice, though the slightest amount or new variety of it, along the road.
例如，真理或正义是一种微妙而难以言喻的品质，尽管它的数量很少或有新的变化。
Our ambassadors should be instructed to send home such seeds as these, and Congress help to distribute them over all the land.
我们应该指示我们的大使将这些种子寄回国内，国会帮助将它们分发到全国各地。
We should never stand upon ceremony with sincerity.
我们决不能以诚相待。
We should never cheat and insult and banish one another by our meanness, if there were present the kernel of worth and friendliness.
如果存在着价值和友善的核心，我们就不应该因为自己的卑鄙而欺骗、侮辱和排斥彼此。
We should not meet thus in haste.
我们不应该如此匆忙地见面。
Most men I do not meet at all, for they seem not to have time; they are busy about their beans.
大多数人我根本没见过，因为他们似乎没有时间。他们正忙着种植豆子。
We would not deal with a man thus plodding ever, leaning on a hoe or a spade as a staff between his work, not as a mushroom, but partially risen out of the earth, something more than erect, like swallows alighted and walking on the ground:—
我们不会与这样一个人打交道，他总是在工作之间拖着锄头或铁锹作为工作人员，而不是像蘑菇一样，而是部分地从地球上升起，不仅仅是直立的东西，就像燕子降落在地面上行走一样：
“And as he spake, his wings would now and then Spread, as he meant to fly, then close again,”
“当他说话时，他的翅膀时不时地张开，就像他想要飞翔一样，然后又合上，”
so that we should suspect that we might be conversing with an angel.
因此我们应该怀疑我们可能正在与天使交谈。
Bread may not always nourish us; but it always does us good, it even takes stiffness out of our joints, and makes us supple and buoyant, when we knew not what ailed us, to recognize any generosity in man or Nature, to share any unmixed and heroic joy.
面包并不总是能滋养我们；但它总是对我们有好处，它甚至可以消除我们关节的僵硬，使我们变得柔软和活泼，当我们不知道是什么让我们生病时，认识到人或自然的慷慨，分享任何纯粹和英雄的快乐。
Ancient poetry and mythology suggest, at least, that husbandry was once a sacred art; but it is pursued with irreverent haste and heedlessness by us, our object being to have large farms and large crops merely.
至少，古代诗歌和神话表明，畜牧业曾经是一门神圣的艺术。但我们却以一种不敬的仓促和漫不经心的态度去追求它，我们的目标仅仅是拥有大农场和大庄稼。
We have no festival, nor procession, nor ceremony, not excepting our Cattle-shows and so called Thanksgivings, by which the farmer expresses a sense of the sacredness of his calling, or is reminded of its sacred origin.
我们没有节日，没有游行，也没有仪式，除了我们的牛展和所谓的感恩节，农民通过这些活动表达了他的职业的神圣感，或者提醒了它的神圣起源。
It is the premium and the feast which tempt him.
吸引他的是奖金和盛宴。
He sacrifices not to Ceres and the Terrestrial Jove, but to the infernal Plutus rather.
他献祭的不是谷神星和天神朱庇特，而是地狱的普鲁托斯。
By avarice and selfishness, and a grovelling habit, from which none of us is free, of regarding the soil as property, or the means of acquiring property chiefly, the landscape is deformed, husbandry is degraded with us, and the farmer leads the meanest of lives.
由于贪婪和自私，以及我们每个人都无法摆脱的卑躬屈膝的习惯，将土地视为财产，或者主要是获得财产的手段，景观被扭曲，畜牧业随着我们而退化，农民过着最卑贱的生活。
He knows Nature but as a robber.
他了解自然，但却是一个强盗。
Cato says that the profits of agriculture are particularly pious or just, (_maximeque pius quæstus_), and according to Varro the old Romans “called the same earth Mother and Ceres, and thought that they who cultivated it led a pious and useful life, and that they alone were left of the race of King Saturn.”
卡托说，农业的利润特别虔诚或公正，（_maximeque pius quæstus_），根据瓦罗的说法，古罗马人“将同一个地球称为母亲和谷神星，并认为耕种它的人过着虔诚而有用的生活，只有他们才属于土星之王的种族。”
We are wont to forget that the sun looks on our cultivated fields and on the prairies and forests without distinction.
我们常常忘记，太阳照在我们的耕地、草原和森林上是没有区别的。
They all reflect and absorb his rays alike, and the former make but a small part of the glorious picture which he beholds in his daily course.
它们都同样反射和吸收他的光线，而前者只构成了他在日常生活中所看到的辉煌图画的一小部分。
In his view the earth is all equally cultivated like a garden.
在他看来，地球就像花园一样被平等地耕耘。
Therefore we should receive the benefit of his light and heat with a corresponding trust and magnanimity.
因此，我们应该以相应的信任和宽容来接受他的光和热的恩惠。
What though I value the seed of these beans, and harvest that in the fall of the year?
如果我珍视这些豆子的种子，并在当年秋天收获它，又如何呢？
This broad field which I have looked at so long looks not to me as the principal cultivator, but away from me to influences more genial to it, which water and make it green.
我已经注视了这么久的这片广阔的田野，在我看来并不是主要的耕种者，而是远离我，对它有更友善的影响，浇灌它，使它变得绿色。
These beans have results which are not harvested by me.
这些豆子有我不曾收获的成果。
Do they not grow for woodchucks partly?
它们不是部分为土拨鼠生长的吗？
The ear of wheat (in Latin _spica_, obsoletely _speca_, from _spe_, hope) should not be the only hope of the husbandman; its kernel or grain (_granum_ from _gerendo_, bearing) is not all that it bears.
麦穗（拉丁语_spica_，旧称_speca_，源自_spe_，希望）不应该是农夫的唯一希望；它的内核或谷物（_granum_来自_gerendo_，轴承）并不是它所承担的全部。
How, then, can our harvest fail?
那么，我们的收割怎么会失败呢？
Shall I not rejoice also at the abundance of the weeds whose seeds are the granary of the birds?
难道我不应该为那些杂草的丰富而感到高兴吗？它们的种子是鸟儿的粮仓？
It matters little comparatively whether the fields fill the farmer’s barns.
相对而言，田地是否填满了农民的谷仓并不重要。
The true husbandman will cease from anxiety, as the squirrels manifest no concern whether the woods will bear chestnuts this year or not, and finish his labor with every day, relinquishing all claim to the produce of his fields, and sacrificing in his mind not only his first but his last fruits also.
真正的农夫会不再焦虑，就像松鼠不关心今年树林里是否会结栗子一样，他每天都会完成自己的劳动，放弃对田地里的产物的所有要求，在他的心中不仅牺牲了他最初的果实，也牺牲了最后的果实。
The Village
村庄
After hoeing, or perhaps reading and writing, in the forenoon, I usually bathed again in the pond, swimming across one of its coves for a stint, and washed the dust of labor from my person, or smoothed out the last wrinkle which study had made, and for the afternoon was absolutely free.
上午锄地，或者读书写字后，我通常会在池塘里再次沐浴，游过池塘的一个小海湾，洗去身上劳作的灰尘，或者抚平学习造成的最后一道皱纹，下午是完全自由的。
Every day or two I strolled to the village to hear some of the gossip which is incessantly going on there, circulating either from mouth to mouth, or from newspaper to newspaper, and which, taken in homœopathic doses, was really as refreshing in its way as the rustle of leaves and the peeping of frogs.
每隔一两天，我都会漫步到村子里，听听那里不断发生的一些八卦，或者从一个嘴传到另一个嘴，或者从一张报纸传到另一个报纸，而顺势服用的这些八卦确实像树叶的沙沙声和青蛙的窥视声一样令人耳目一新。
As I walked in the woods to see the birds and squirrels, so I walked in the village to see the men and boys; instead of the wind among the pines I heard the carts rattle.
正如我在树林里散步看鸟儿和松鼠一样，我在村庄里散步看男人和男孩；我听到的不是松林间的风声，而是马车的嘎嘎声。
In one direction from my house there was a colony of muskrats in the river meadows; under the grove of elms and buttonwoods in the other horizon was a village of busy men, as curious to me as if they had been prairie dogs, each sitting at the mouth of its burrow, or running over to a neighbor’s to gossip.
从我家的一个方向，河边的草地上有一群麝香鼠。地平线另一边的榆树林和梧桐树下是一个忙碌的人的村庄，他们对我来说就像草原土拨鼠一样好奇，每个人都坐在自己的洞穴口，或者跑到邻居那里闲聊。
I went there frequently to observe their habits.
我经常去那里观察他们的习惯。
The village appeared to me a great news room; and on one side, to support it, as once at Redding & Company’s on State Street, they kept nuts and raisins, or salt and meal and other groceries.
在我看来，这个村庄是一个很棒的新闻发布室。一方面，为了支持它，就像在道街的雷丁公司一样，他们保留了坚果和葡萄干，或者盐和粗粉以及其他杂货。
Some have such a vast appetite for the former commodity, that is, the news, and such sound digestive organs, that they can sit forever in public avenues without stirring, and let it simmer and whisper through them like the Etesian winds, or as if inhaling ether, it only producing numbness and insensibility to pain,—otherwise it would often be painful to hear,—without affecting the consciousness.
有些人对前一种商品，即新闻，以及如此健全的消化器官有着如此巨大的胃口，以至于他们可以永远坐在公共大道上，一动不动，让它像埃特西亚风一样在他们身边慢慢地低语，或者就像吸入乙醚，它只会产生麻木和对疼痛的麻木感，否则常常会令人痛苦，而不会影响意识。
I hardly ever failed, when I rambled through the village, to see a row of such worthies, either sitting on a ladder sunning themselves, with their bodies inclined forward and their eyes glancing along the line this way and that, from time to time, with a voluptuous expression, or else leaning against a barn with their hands in their pockets, like caryatides, as if to prop it up.
我在村子里闲逛的时候，几乎总能看到一排这样的伟人，他们或者坐在梯子上晒太阳，身体前倾，眼睛时不时地沿着那条线扫视，神色性感，或者靠在谷仓上，双手插在口袋里，像女像柱一样，好像要把它撑起来。
They, being commonly out of doors, heard whatever was in the wind.
他们通常在户外，听到风中的任何声音。
These are the coarsest mills, in which all gossip is first rudely digested or cracked up before it is emptied into finer and more delicate hoppers within doors.
这些是最粗糙的磨坊，所有的流言蜚语首先被粗暴地消化或分解，然后才被倒入门内更精细、更精致的料斗中。
I observed that the vitals of the village were the grocery, the bar-room, the post-office, and the bank; and, as a necessary part of the machinery, they kept a bell, a big gun, and a fire-engine, at convenient places; and the houses were so arranged as to make the most of mankind, in lanes and fronting one another, so that every traveller had to run the gantlet, and every man, woman, and child might get a lick at him.
我观察到，村里的要害是杂货店、酒吧、邮局和银行；而且，作为机械的必要组成部分，他们在方便的地方放了铃、大枪和消防车。房屋的布局是为了充分利用人类，它们排列在小巷中，彼此相对，因此每个旅行者都必须接受挑战，每个男人、女人和孩子都可能会受到攻击。
Of course, those who were stationed nearest to the head of the line, where they could most see and be seen, and have the first blow at him, paid the highest prices for their places; and the few straggling inhabitants in the outskirts, where long gaps in the line began to occur, and the traveller could get over walls or turn aside into cow paths, and so escape, paid a very slight ground or window tax.
当然，那些驻扎在最靠近队伍最前面、最容易看到和被人看到并且对他发起第一击的人为他们的位置付出了最高的代价；郊区的少数零散居民，队伍中开始出现长长的间隙，旅行者可以越过墙壁或转向牛道，从而逃脱，只需支付很少的地面税或窗户税。
Signs were hung out on all sides to allure him; some to catch him by the appetite, as the tavern and victualling cellar; some by the fancy, as the dry goods store and the jeweller’s; and others by the hair or the feet or the skirts, as the barber, the shoemaker, or the tailor.
四面八方都挂着招牌来吸引他。有些是为了满足他的胃口，如酒馆和食品储藏室；有些是出于奇思妙想，如干货店和珠宝店；还有一些人则根据头发、脚或裙子，如理发师、鞋匠或裁缝。
Besides, there was a still more terrible standing invitation to call at every one of these houses, and company expected about these times.
此外，还有一个更可怕的长期邀请，要拜访每一所房子，而公司预计这些时间都会到来。
For the most part I escaped wonderfully from these dangers, either by proceeding at once boldly and without deliberation to the goal, as is recommended to those who run the gantlet, or by keeping my thoughts on high things, like Orpheus, who, “loudly singing the praises of the gods to his lyre, drowned the voices of the Sirens, and kept out of danger.” Sometimes I bolted suddenly, and nobody could tell my whereabouts, for I did not stand much about gracefulness, and never hesitated at a gap in a fence.
在大多数情况下，我奇妙地摆脱了这些危险，要么像向那些敢于挑战的人所建议的那样，立即大胆地、不假思索地向目标前进，要么把我的思想集中在崇高的事物上，就像俄耳甫斯那样，他“用竖琴大声歌颂众神，淹没了塞壬的声音，从而摆脱了危险”。有时我会突然逃跑，没有人能知道我在哪里，因为我不太讲究优雅，在栅栏的缝隙处也从不犹豫。
I was even accustomed to make an irruption into some houses, where I was well entertained, and after learning the kernels and very last sieve-ful of news, what had subsided, the prospects of war and peace, and whether the world was likely to hold together much longer, I was let out through the rear avenues, and so escaped to the woods again.
我什至习惯于闯入一些房子，在那里我受到了很好的款待，在了解了核心内容和最后一筛的消息、已经平息的情况、战争与和平的前景以及世界是否可能保持更长时间之后，我被从后面的大道放出来，然后又逃到了树林里。
It was very pleasant, when I stayed late in town, to launch myself into the night, especially if it was dark and tempestuous, and set sail from some bright village parlor or lecture room, with a bag of rye or Indian meal upon my shoulder, for my snug harbor in the woods, having made all tight without and withdrawn under hatches with a merry crew of thoughts, leaving only my outer man at the helm, or even tying up the helm when it was plain sailing.
当我在城里呆到很晚的时候，在夜色中出发，特别是在漆黑而狂暴的时候，从某个明亮的乡村客厅或教室出发，肩上扛着一袋黑麦或印度餐，驶向我在树林里舒适的港湾，是一件非常愉快的事。
I had many a genial thought by the cabin fire “as I sailed.” I was never cast away nor distressed in any weather, though I encountered some severe storms.
“当我航行时”，我在船舱的火光下产生了许多亲切的想法。尽管遇到过一些猛烈的暴风雨，但我从未在任何天气下被抛弃或苦恼。
It is darker in the woods, even in common nights, than most suppose.
即使在平常的夜晚，树林里也比大多数人想象的要黑。
I frequently had to look up at the opening between the trees above the path in order to learn my route, and, where there was no cart-path, to feel with my feet the faint track which I had worn, or steer by the known relation of particular trees which I felt with my hands, passing between two pines for instance, not more than eighteen inches apart, in the midst of the woods, invariably, in the darkest night.
我经常不得不抬头看看小路上方树林之间的空地，以便了解我的路线，并且，在没有车道的地方，用我的脚感觉我走过的微弱的轨迹，或者根据我用手感觉的特定树木的已知关系来驾驶，例如，在树林中穿过两棵松树，相距不超过十八英寸，总是在最黑暗的夜晚。
Sometimes, after coming home thus late in a dark and muggy night, when my feet felt the path which my eyes could not see, dreaming and absent-minded all the way, until I was aroused by having to raise my hand to lift the latch, I have not been able to recall a single step of my walk, and I have thought that perhaps my body would find its way home if its master should forsake it, as the hand finds its way to the mouth without assistance.
有时候，在漆黑闷热的深夜回到家，双脚摸着眼睛看不见的路，一直在做梦，心不在焉，直到我不得不举手去拉门闩才惊醒，我已经记不起自己走过的每一步，我想，如果主人抛弃了我的身体，也许我的身体会找到回家的路，就像手在没有帮助的情况下找到嘴巴一样。
Several times, when a visitor chanced to stay into evening, and it proved a dark night, I was obliged to conduct him to the cart-path in the rear of the house, and then point out to him the direction he was to pursue, and in keeping which he was to be guided rather by his feet than his eyes.
有好几次，当一位访客碰巧待到傍晚，而那是一个漆黑的夜晚时，我不得不把他引到房子后面的马车小道上，然后向他指出他要走的方向，在遵守这一方向时，他应该用他的脚而不是他的眼睛来引导。
One very dark night I directed thus on their way two young men who had been fishing in the pond.
在一个漆黑的夜晚，我就这样引导两个在池塘里钓鱼的年轻人上路。
They lived about a mile off through the woods, and were quite used to the route.
他们住的地方距离树林大约一英里，而且很习惯这条路。
A day or two after one of them told me that they wandered about the greater part of the night, close by their own premises, and did not get home till toward morning, by which time, as there had been several heavy showers in the mean while, and the leaves were very wet, they were drenched to their skins.
一两天后，他们中的一个人告诉我，他们在自己的住所附近徘徊了大半夜，直到天亮才回到家，那时，由于这段时间下了几场大雨，树叶很湿，他们浑身都湿透了。
I have heard of many going astray even in the village streets, when the darkness was so thick that you could cut it with a knife, as the saying is.
我听说有很多人甚至在村里的街道上就误入歧途，正如俗话所说，当黑暗如此浓重时，你可以用刀割开它。
Some who live in the outskirts, having come to town a-shopping in their wagons, have been obliged to put up for the night; and gentlemen and ladies making a call have gone half a mile out of their way, feeling the sidewalk only with their feet, and not knowing when they turned.
一些住在郊区的人坐着马车进城购物，不得不过夜。打电话的先生们女士们已经走了半英里，只用脚感觉人行道，不知道什么时候转身。
It is a surprising and memorable, as well as valuable experience, to be lost in the woods any time.
任何时候在树林里迷路都是一次令人惊讶和难忘的经历，也是一次宝贵的经历。
Often in a snow storm, even by day, one will come out upon a well-known road and yet find it impossible to tell which way leads to the village.
通常在暴风雪中，即使是在白天，人们也会出现在一条熟悉的道路上，却发现无法分辨哪条路通向村庄。
Though he knows that he has travelled it a thousand times, he cannot recognize a feature in it, but it is as strange to him as if it were a road in Siberia.
虽然他知道自己已经走过这条路一千次了，但他认不出其中的任何特征，但它对他来说就像是西伯利亚的一条路一样陌生。
By night, of course, the perplexity is infinitely greater.
当然，到了晚上，困惑就更大了。
In our most trivial walks, we are constantly, though unconsciously, steering like pilots by certain well-known beacons and headlands, and if we go beyond our usual course we still carry in our minds the bearing of some neighboring cape; and not till we are completely lost, or turned round,—for a man needs only to be turned round once with his eyes shut in this world to be lost,—do we appreciate the vastness and strangeness of Nature.
在我们最琐碎的散步中，我们不断地，虽然无意识地，像飞行员一样在某些著名的灯塔和岬角处驾驶，如果我们超出了我们通常的路线，我们仍然会在我们的脑海中记住一些邻近海角的方向;直到我们完全迷路，或者转身——因为一个人在这个世界上闭上眼睛只需要转身一次就会迷路——我们才会体会到大自然的浩瀚和陌生。
Every man has to learn the points of compass again as often as he awakes, whether from sleep or any abstraction.
每个人每次醒来时都必须重新学习指南针的指向，无论是从睡眠中还是在任何抽象的状态下。
Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.
直到我们迷失了，换句话说，直到我们失去了世界，我们才开始找到自己，意识到我们在哪里，以及我们关系的无限范围。
One afternoon, near the end of the first summer, when I went to the village to get a shoe from the cobbler’s, I was seized and put into jail, because, as I have elsewhere related, I did not pay a tax to, or recognize the authority of, the state which buys and sells men, women, and children, like cattle at the door of its senate-house.
第一个夏天快结束时的一天下午，当我去村子里的鞋匠那里取鞋时，我被抓获并投入监狱，因为正如我在其他地方提到的那样，我没有向国家纳税，也没有承认国家的权威，国家买卖男人、女人和儿童，就像在参议院门口买卖牛一样。
I had gone down to the woods for other purposes.
我去树林里还有其他目的。
But, wherever a man goes, men will pursue and paw him with their dirty institutions, and, if they can, constrain him to belong to their desperate odd-fellow society.
但是，无论一个人走到哪里，人们都会用他们肮脏的机构追赶他、抓他，并且，如果可以的话，强迫他属于他们绝望的奇怪同胞社会。
It is true, I might have resisted forcibly with more or less effect, might have run “amok” against society; but I preferred that society should run “amok” against me, it being the desperate party.
确实，我可能会强行反抗，或多或少会产生效果，可能会对社会“发脾气”；但我更希望社会对我“发疯”，因为它是绝望的一方。
However, I was released the next day, obtained my mended shoe, and returned to the woods in season to get my dinner of huckleberries on Fair-Haven Hill.
然而，第二天我就被释放了，拿到了修好的鞋子，并按时返回树林，在费尔黑文山享用越橘晚餐。
I was never molested by any person but those who represented the state.
除了那些代表国家的人之外，我从未被任何人骚扰过。
I had no lock nor bolt but for the desk which held my papers, not even a nail to put over my latch or windows.
除了放文件的桌子之外，我没有锁，也没有插销，甚至没有一颗钉子可以钉在我的门闩或窗户上。
I never fastened my door night or day, though I was to be absent several days; not even when the next fall I spent a fortnight in the woods of Maine.
尽管我要离开几天，但我无论白天黑夜都从不锁门。即使第二年秋天我在缅因州的树林里呆了两周也没有。
And yet my house was more respected than if it had been surrounded by a file of soldiers.
然而，我的房子比被士兵包围的房子更受尊重。
The tired rambler could rest and warm himself by my fire, the literary amuse himself with the few books on my table, or the curious, by opening my closet door, see what was left of my dinner, and what prospect I had of a supper.
疲惫的漫步者可以在我的火边休息和取暖，文学爱好者可以用我桌上的几本书来消遣，或者好奇的人可以打开我的衣柜门，看看我的晚餐还剩下什么，以及我对晚餐的前景。
Yet, though many people of every class came this way to the pond, I suffered no serious inconvenience from these sources, and I never missed anything but one small book, a volume of Homer, which perhaps was improperly gilded, and this I trust a soldier of our camp has found by this time.
然而，尽管各个阶级的许多人都从这条路来到池塘，我并没有因为这些来源而遭受严重的不便，而且我从来没有错过过任何东西，除了一本小书，一本荷马史诗，它可能镀金不当，我相信我们营地的一名士兵此时已经找到了它。
I am convinced, that if all men were to live as simply as I then did, thieving and robbery would be unknown.
我坚信，如果所有人都像我当时那样生活简单，偷窃和抢劫就不会再发生了。
These take place only in communities where some have got more than is sufficient while others have not enough.
这些只会发生在一些社区的资源过剩而另一些社区资源不足的情况下。
The Pope’s Homers would soon get properly distributed.—
教皇的荷马史诗很快就会得到妥善分发。——
“Nec bella fuerunt, Faginus astabat dum scyphus ante dapes.”
“Nec bella fuerunt，Faginus astabat dum scyphus ante dapes。”
“Nor wars did men molest, When only beechen bowls were in request.”
“当人们只需要山毛榉碗时，战争也不会骚扰。”
“You who govern public affairs, what need have you to employ punishments?
“你们这些治理公共事务的人，何必用刑罚呢？
Love virtue, and the people will be virtuous.
爱德，则民有德。
The virtues of a superior man are like the wind; the virtues of a common man are like the grass; the grass, when the wind passes over it, bends.”
君子的德行就像风；百姓之德，如草；当风吹过草时，草就会弯曲。”
The Ponds
池塘
Sometimes, having had a surfeit of human society and gossip, and worn out all my village friends, I rambled still farther westward than I habitually dwell, into yet more unfrequented parts of the town, “to fresh woods and pastures new,” or, while the sun was setting, made my supper of huckleberries and blueberries on Fair Haven Hill, and laid up a store for several days.
有时，由于接触了太多的人类社会和闲话，把所有村里的朋友都搞得精疲力尽，我会向比我惯常居住的地方更远的西边漫步，进入城里更人迹罕至的地方，“到新鲜的树林和新的牧场”，或者在太阳落山的时候，在费尔黑文山上用越橘和蓝莓做晚饭，并储存几天。
The fruits do not yield their true flavor to the purchaser of them, nor to him who raises them for the market.
这些水果不会向购买者或为市场种植它们的人展现出真正的味道。
There is but one way to obtain it, yet few take that way.
获得它的方法只有一种，但很少有人采取这种方法。
If you would know the flavor of huckleberries, ask the cow-boy or the partridge.
如果您想知道越橘的味道，请询问牛仔或鹧鸪。
It is a vulgar error to suppose that you have tasted huckleberries who never plucked them.
假设你尝过越橘但从未采摘过它们，这是一个粗俗的错误。
A huckleberry never reaches Boston; they have not been known there since they grew on her three hills.
越橘永远不会到达波士顿；自从它们生长在她的三座山上以来，那里就不为人所知。
The ambrosial and essential part of the fruit is lost with the bloom which is rubbed off in the market cart, and they become mere provender.
水果的美味和重要部分随着花朵在市场车上被擦掉而消失，它们变成了纯粹的饲料。
As long as Eternal Justice reigns, not one innocent huckleberry can be transported thither from the country’s hills.
只要永恒正义统治着，就没有一颗无辜的越橘可以从这个国家的山上运到那里。
Occasionally, after my hoeing was done for the day, I joined some impatient companion who had been fishing on the pond since morning, as silent and motionless as a duck or a floating leaf, and, after practising various kinds of philosophy, had concluded commonly, by the time I arrived, that he belonged to the ancient sect of Cœnobites.
偶尔，在我完成一天的锄地工作后，我会加入一些不耐烦的同伴，他从早上起就在池塘里钓鱼，像鸭子或浮叶一样沉默、一动不动，在实践了各种哲学之后，当我到达时，普遍得出结论，他属于古老的库诺比特派。
There was one older man, an excellent fisher and skilled in all kinds of woodcraft, who was pleased to look upon my house as a building erected for the convenience of fishermen; and I was equally pleased when he sat in my doorway to arrange his lines.
有一位老人，是一位出色的渔夫，精通各种木工，他很高兴地把我的房子视为一栋为方便渔民而建的建筑；当他坐在我门口安排台词时，我同样感到高兴。
Once in a while we sat together on the pond, he at one end of the boat, and I at the other; but not many words passed between us, for he had grown deaf in his later years, but he occasionally hummed a psalm, which harmonized well enough with my philosophy.
偶尔我们一起坐在池塘边，他坐在船的一头，我坐在船的另一头。但我们之间没有太多话交流，因为他晚年已经聋了，但他偶尔会哼一首圣诗，这与我的哲学非常吻合。
Our intercourse was thus altogether one of unbroken harmony, far more pleasing to remember than if it had been carried on by speech.
因此，我们的交流完全是一种不间断的和谐，比通过言语进行的交流更令人愉快。
When, as was commonly the case, I had none to commune with, I used to raise the echoes by striking with a paddle on the side of my boat, filling the surrounding woods with circling and dilating sound, stirring them up as the keeper of a menagerie his wild beasts, until I elicited a growl from every wooded vale and hill-side.
通常情况下，当我没有人可以交流时，我就会用桨敲打船边来提高回声，让周围的树林充满盘旋和膨胀的声音，像动物园的饲养员一样搅动他们的野兽，直到我从每一个树木繁茂的山谷和山坡上引出一声咆哮。
In warm evenings I frequently sat in the boat playing the flute, and saw the perch, which I seemed to have charmed, hovering around me, and the moon travelling over the ribbed bottom, which was strewed with the wrecks of the forest.
在温暖的夜晚，我经常坐在船上吹笛子，看到我似乎被迷住的鲈鱼在我周围盘旋，月亮在布满森林残骸的罗纹底部上行进。
Formerly I had come to this pond adventurously, from time to time, in dark summer nights, with a companion, and making a fire close to the water’s edge, which we thought attracted the fishes, we caught pouts with a bunch of worms strung on a thread; and when we had done, far in the night, threw the burning brands high into the air like skyrockets, which, coming down into the pond, were quenched with a loud hissing, and we were suddenly groping in total darkness.
以前，我时不时地在漆黑的夏夜里和一个同伴冒险来到这个池塘，在靠近水边的地方生火，我们认为这会吸引鱼，我们用绳子串了一堆虫子捉到了噘嘴的鱼；当我们完成后，在深夜里，把燃烧的火柴像冲天的火箭一样高高地抛向空中，火柴落入池塘，在一声响亮的嘶嘶声中熄灭，我们突然在一片漆黑中摸索。
Through this, whistling a tune, we took our way to the haunts of men again.
就这样，我们吹着口哨，再次走向了人类的出没之地。
But now I had made my home by the shore.
但现在我已经在海边安家了。
Sometimes, after staying in a village parlor till the family had all retired, I have returned to the woods, and, partly with a view to the next day’s dinner, spent the hours of midnight fishing from a boat by moonlight, serenaded by owls and foxes, and hearing, from time to time, the creaking note of some unknown bird close at hand.
有时，在村里的客厅里待到全家人都退休后，我会回到树林，部分是为了第二天的晚餐，在月光下乘船钓鱼，度过半夜的几个小时，听着猫头鹰和狐狸的小夜曲，时不时地听到附近某种不知名的鸟儿发出的嘎吱声。
These experiences were very memorable and valuable to me,—anchored in forty feet of water, and twenty or thirty rods from the shore, surrounded sometimes by thousands of small perch and shiners, dimpling the surface with their tails in the moonlight, and communicating by a long flaxen line with mysterious nocturnal fishes which had their dwelling forty feet below, or sometimes dragging sixty feet of line about the pond as I drifted in the gentle night breeze, now and then feeling a slight vibration along it, indicative of some life prowling about its extremity, of dull uncertain blundering purpose there, and slow to make up its mind.
这些经历对我来说是非常难忘和有价值的——抛锚在四十英尺深的水中，距离海岸二十或三十杆，有时被成千上万的小鲈鱼和闪光鱼包围，它们的尾巴在月光下在水面上留下凹痕，用一条长长的亚麻线与居住在四十英尺以下的神秘夜间鱼类进行交流，或者有时当我在柔和的夜风中漂流时，在池塘周围拖着六十英尺的线，时不时地感觉到沿线轻微的振动它表明某种生命在它的尽头徘徊，表明那里有迟钝、不确定、错误的目的，并且缓慢地做出决定。
At length you slowly raise, pulling hand over hand, some horned pout squeaking and squirming to the upper air.
最后，你慢慢地抬起身来，一只手拉着一只手，一只长角的嘴吱吱作响，蠕动到高空。
It was very queer, especially in dark nights, when your thoughts had wandered to vast and cosmogonal themes in other spheres, to feel this faint jerk, which came to interrupt your dreams and link you to Nature again.
这是非常奇怪的，尤其是在漆黑的夜晚，当你的思绪游荡到其他领域的广阔而宇宙的主题时，感觉到这种微弱的震动，它来打断你的梦想并再次将你与自然联系起来。
It seemed as if I might next cast my line upward into the air, as well as downward into this element, which was scarcely more dense.
接下来我似乎可以将线向上抛向空中，也可以向下抛向这个密度几乎没有的元素。
Thus I caught two fishes as it were with one hook.
就这样，我一钩钓到了两条鱼。
The scenery of Walden is on a humble scale, and, though very beautiful, does not approach to grandeur, nor can it much concern one who has not long frequented it or lived by its shore; yet this pond is so remarkable for its depth and purity as to merit a particular description.
瓦尔登湖的风景规模不大，虽然非常美丽，但谈不上宏伟，对于那些不常去那里或在它的岸边居住时间不长的人来说，也不会太在意。然而，这个池塘因其深度和纯净而引人注目，值得特别描述。
It is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation.
这是一口清澈而深绿色的井，长半英里，周长一英里又四分之三，面积约六十一英亩半。松树和橡树林中的常年泉水，除了云层和蒸发之外，没有任何可见的入口或出口。
The surrounding hills rise abruptly from the water to the height of forty to eighty feet, though on the south-east and east they attain to about one hundred and one hundred and fifty feet respectively, within a quarter and a third of a mile.
周围的山丘从水中突然升起，高度达到四十到八十英尺，但在四分之一又三分之一英里内，东南部和东部的高度分别达到约一百一百五十英尺。
They are exclusively woodland.
它们完全是林地。
All our Concord waters have two colors at least; one when viewed at a distance, and another, more proper, close at hand.
我们所有的康科德水域至少有两种颜色；一个是从远处看，另一个更合适，是在近处看。
The first depends more on the light, and follows the sky.
第一个更依赖于光线，并且跟随天空。
In clear weather, in summer, they appear blue at a little distance, especially if agitated, and at a great distance all appear alike.
在夏季晴朗的天气里，它们在稍远的距离处呈现蓝色，尤其是在激动的情况下，而在很远的距离处，它们看起来都相似。
In stormy weather they are sometimes of a dark slate color.
在暴风雨天气下，它们有时呈深石板色。
The sea, however, is said to be blue one day and green another without any perceptible change in the atmosphere.
然而，据说大海一天是蓝色的，另一天是绿色的，大气层没有任何明显的变化。
I have seen our river, when, the landscape being covered with snow, both water and ice were almost as green as grass.
我见过我们的河，那时，大地被雪覆盖，水和冰都绿得像草一样。
Some consider blue “to be the color of pure water, whether liquid or solid.” But, looking directly down into our waters from a boat, they are seen to be of very different colors.
有些人认为蓝色“是纯水的颜色，无论是液体还是固体。”但是，从船上直接往下看我们的水域，它们的颜色却截然不同。
Walden is blue at one time and green at another, even from the same point of view.
即使从同一角度来看，瓦尔登湖有时是蓝色的，有时是绿色的。
Lying between the earth and the heavens, it partakes of the color of both.
它位于大地和天空之间，具有两者的颜色。
Viewed from a hill-top it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can see the sand, then a light green, which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond.
从山顶看去，它反射着天空的颜色；但近处，靠近岸边的地方是淡黄色的，在那里你可以看到沙子，然后是浅绿色，逐渐加深，池塘的身体变成均匀的深绿色。
In some lights, viewed even from a hill-top, it is of a vivid green next the shore.
在某些灯光下，即使从山顶上看，海岸边也呈现出鲜艳的绿色。
Some have referred this to the reflection of the verdure; but it is equally green there against the railroad sand-bank, and in the spring, before the leaves are expanded, and it may be simply the result of the prevailing blue mixed with the yellow of the sand.
有些人认为这是绿色的倒影；有些人则认为这是绿色的倒影。但在铁路沙岸的衬托下，以及在春天树叶展开之前，它同样是绿色的，这可能只是盛行的蓝色与沙子的黄色混合的结果。
Such is the color of its iris.
这就是它虹膜的颜色。
This is that portion, also, where in the spring, the ice being warmed by the heat of the sun reflected from the bottom, and also transmitted through the earth, melts first and forms a narrow canal about the still frozen middle.
这也是春天的那部分，冰被从底部反射并通过地球传输的太阳热量加热，首先融化并在仍然冰冻的中部周围形成一条狭窄的运河。
Like the rest of our waters, when much agitated, in clear weather, so that the surface of the waves may reflect the sky at the right angle, or because there is more light mixed with it, it appears at a little distance of a darker blue than the sky itself; and at such a time, being on its surface, and looking with divided vision, so as to see the reflection, I have discerned a matchless and indescribable light blue, such as watered or changeable silks and sword blades suggest, more cerulean than the sky itself, alternating with the original dark green on the opposite sides of the waves, which last appeared but muddy in comparison.
就像我们的其他水域一样，在晴朗的天气下，当剧烈波动时，波浪的表面可能会以正确的角度反射天空，或者因为有更多的光与它混合，它会在比天空本身稍远的地方呈现出深蓝色；这时，我站在它的表面，分心地看倒影，看到了一种无与伦比的、难以形容的淡蓝色，如沾过水的或变化多端的丝绸和剑刃所暗示的，比天空本身更蔚蓝色，与波浪两侧原来的深绿色交替出现，相比之下，最后显得浑浊。
It is a vitreous greenish blue, as I remember it, like those patches of the winter sky seen through cloud vistas in the west before sundown.
在我的记忆中，它是一种玻璃般的绿蓝色，就像日落前透过西方云层远景看到的冬日天空的斑块。
Yet a single glass of its water held up to the light is as colorless as an equal quantity of air.
然而，一杯水在光照下却和等量的空气一样无色。
It is well known that a large plate of glass will have a green tint, owing, as the makers say, to its “body,” but a small piece of the same will be colorless.
众所周知，一大块玻璃会呈现绿色，正如制造商所说，这是由于它的“主体”，但一小块玻璃将是无色的。
How large a body of Walden water would be required to reflect a green tint I have never proved.
我从未证明过需要多大的瓦尔登湖水体才能反射出绿色色调。
The water of our river is black or a very dark brown to one looking directly down on it, and, like that of most ponds, imparts to the body of one bathing in it a yellowish tinge; but this water is of such crystalline purity that the body of the bather appears of an alabaster whiteness, still more unnatural, which, as the limbs are magnified and distorted withal, produces a monstrous effect, making fit studies for a Michael Angelo.
我们的河水从直视的角度看是黑色或非常深的棕色，并且像大多数池塘的水一样，给沐浴在其中的人的身体带来淡黄色调；但这种水的纯度如此高，以至于沐浴者的身体呈现出雪花石膏般的白色，更加不自然，随着四肢的放大和扭曲，产生了一种可怕的效果，非常适合米开朗基罗的研究。
The water is so transparent that the bottom can easily be discerned at the depth of twenty-five or thirty feet.
水是如此透明，以至于在二十五或三十英尺深的地方可以很容易地看到底部。
Paddling over it, you may see, many feet beneath the surface the schools of perch and shiners, perhaps only an inch long, yet the former easily distinguished by their transverse bars, and you think that they must be ascetic fish that find a subsistence there.
划过它，你可能会看到，在水面下许多英尺处，有一群鲈鱼和鮈鱼，也许只有一英寸长，但前者很容易通过它们的横向条纹来区分，你会认为它们一定是在那里找到生存的苦行鱼。
Once, in the winter, many years ago, when I had been cutting holes through the ice in order to catch pickerel, as I stepped ashore I tossed my axe back on to the ice, but, as if some evil genius had directed it, it slid four or five rods directly into one of the holes, where the water was twenty-five feet deep.
许多年前的冬天，有一次，当我在冰上凿洞捕捉梭鱼时，当我上岸时，我把斧子扔回冰上，但是，好像有什么邪恶的天才指挥它，它直接将四五根木棍滑进了一个洞里，那里的水有二十五英尺深。
Out of curiosity, I lay down on the ice and looked through the hole, until I saw the axe a little on one side, standing on its head, with its helve erect and gently swaying to and fro with the pulse of the pond; and there it might have stood erect and swaying till in the course of time the handle rotted off, if I had not disturbed it.
出于好奇，我躺在冰上，从洞里往里看，直到我看到那把斧子有点偏向一侧，头倒立着，斧头竖立着，随着池塘的脉动轻轻地来回摆动；如果我没有去打扰它，它可能会直立在那里摇晃，直到随着时间的推移把手腐烂为止。
Making another hole directly over it with an ice chisel which I had, and cutting down the longest birch which I could find in the neighborhood with my knife, I made a slip-noose, which I attached to its end, and, letting it down carefully, passed it over the knob of the handle, and drew it by a line along the birch, and so pulled the axe out again.
用我手头的冰凿子在它上面直接打了一个洞，然后用小刀砍掉了我在附近能找到的最长的桦树，做了一个套索，把它固定在套索的末端，然后小心地把它放下来，把它穿过手柄的旋钮，沿着桦树用一条线把它拉出来，然后再把斧子拔出来。
The shore is composed of a belt of smooth rounded white stones like paving stones, excepting one or two short sand beaches, and is so steep that in many places a single leap will carry you into water over your head; and were it not for its remarkable transparency, that would be the last to be seen of its bottom till it rose on the opposite side.
除了一两个短小的沙滩外，海岸由一条光滑的圆形白色石头带组成，就像铺路石一样，而且海岸非常陡峭，在许多地方，一跃就会把你带入头顶的水中。如果不是因为它非凡的透明度，这将是人们最后看到它的底部，直到它从另一侧升起。
Some think it is bottomless.
有人认为这是无底的。
It is nowhere muddy, and a casual observer would say that there were no weeds at all in it; and of noticeable plants, except in the little meadows recently overflowed, which do not properly belong to it, a closer scrutiny does not detect a flag nor a bulrush, nor even a lily, yellow or white, but only a few small heart-leaves and potamogetons, and perhaps a water-target or two; all which however a bather might not perceive; and these plants are clean and bright like the element they grow in.
这里没有一处泥泞，漫不经心的观察者会说里面根本没有杂草。那些引人注目的植物，除了最近泛滥成灾的小草地外，它们不完全属于它，仔细观察，没有发现旗帜，也没有芦苇，甚至也没有发现黄色或白色的百合，但只有一些小心叶和眼子菜，也许还有一两个水靶子。然而沐浴者可能无法察觉到这一切；这些植物就像它们生长的环境一样干净明亮。
The stones extend a rod or two into the water, and then the bottom is pure sand, except in the deepest parts, where there is usually a little sediment, probably from the decay of the leaves which have been wafted on to it so many successive falls, and a bright green weed is brought up on anchors even in midwinter.
石头伸入水中一两根杆子，然后底部是纯净的沙子，除了最深的部分，那里通常有一点沉积物，可能是由于多次连续落水而被吹到上面的树叶腐烂所致，即使在仲冬，锚上也会长出亮绿色的杂草。
We have one other pond just like this, White Pond, in Nine Acre Corner, about two and a half miles westerly; but, though I am acquainted with most of the ponds within a dozen miles of this centre I do not know a third of this pure and well-like character.
我们还有一个与此类似的池塘，白色池塘，位于九英亩角，向西约两英里半。但是，虽然我熟悉距这个中心十几英里范围内的大部分池塘，但我对这个纯洁而美好的特征却知之甚少。
Successive nations perchance have drank at, admired, and fathomed it, and passed away, and still its water is green and pellucid as ever.
历代的民族或许都曾经饮用过它、欣赏过它、探究过它，然后去世了，但它的水仍然像以前一样碧绿清澈。
Not an intermitting spring!
不是断断续续的春天！
Perhaps on that spring morning when Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden Walden Pond was already in existence, and even then breaking up in a gentle spring rain accompanied with mist and a southerly wind, and covered with myriads of ducks and geese, which had not heard of the fall, when still such pure lakes sufficed them.
也许在亚当和夏娃被赶出伊甸园的那个春天的早晨，瓦尔登湖就已经存在了，甚至在那时，在一场轻柔的春雨中，伴着薄雾和南风，湖水就散开了，上面覆盖着无数的鸭子和鹅，它们没有听说过秋天的消息，而当时仍然有这样纯净的湖泊满足了它们。
Even then it had commenced to rise and fall, and had clarified its waters and colored them of the hue they now wear, and obtained a patent of heaven to be the only Walden Pond in the world and distiller of celestial dews.
即使在那时，它也开始涨落，澄清了它的水，将它们染成了现在的颜色，并获得了天堂的专利，成为世界上唯一的瓦尔登湖和天露的蒸馏器。
Who knows in how many unremembered nations’ literatures this has been the Castalian Fountain?
谁知道在多少个被遗忘的国家的文献中，这是卡斯塔利亚喷泉？
or what nymphs presided over it in the Golden Age?
或者在黄金时代由哪些仙女主持呢？
It is a gem of the first water which Concord wears in her coronet.
这是康科德王冠上佩戴的第一颗水的宝石。
Yet perchance the first who came to this well have left some trace of their footsteps.
然而，也许第一个来到这口井的人留下了一些足迹。
I have been surprised to detect encircling the pond, even where a thick wood has just been cut down on the shore, a narrow shelf-like path in the steep hill-side, alternately rising and falling, approaching and receding from the water’s edge, as old probably as the race of man here, worn by the feet of aboriginal hunters, and still from time to time unwittingly trodden by the present occupants of the land.
我惊奇地发现，在池塘周围，甚至在岸边刚刚砍伐了一片茂密的树林的地方，陡峭的山坡上有一条狭窄的架子般的小路，交替上升和下降，接近和远离水边，它的历史可能和这里的人类一样古老，被原住民猎人的脚踩过，仍然时不时地被现在的居住者不知不觉地踩过。
This is particularly distinct to one standing on the middle of the pond in winter, just after a light snow has fallen, appearing as a clear undulating white line, unobscured by weeds and twigs, and very obvious a quarter of a mile off in many places where in summer it is hardly distinguishable close at hand.
这对于冬季站在池塘中央的人来说尤其明显，刚下过一场小雪，就出现了一条清晰的起伏的白线，不受杂草和树枝的遮挡，在四分之一英里外的许多地方都非常明显，而在夏天，近在咫尺很难辨认。
The snow reprints it, as it were, in clear white type alto-relievo.
雪以清晰的白色中音浮雕形式重印了它。
The ornamented grounds of villas which will one day be built here may still preserve some trace of this.
有一天将在这里建造的装饰精美的别墅庭院可能仍然保留着这一点的痕迹。
The pond rises and falls, but whether regularly or not, and within what period, nobody knows, though, as usual, many pretend to know.
池塘涨落，但是否有规律，以及在什么时期内，没有人知道，尽管像往常一样，许多人假装知道。
It is commonly higher in the winter and lower in the summer, though not corresponding to the general wet and dryness.
通常冬季较高，夏季较低，但与一般的潮湿和干燥并不对应。
I can remember when it was a foot or two lower, and also when it was at least five feet higher, than when I lived by it.
我记得它什么时候比我靠它生活时低了一两英尺，什么时候又高了至少五英尺。
There is a narrow sand-bar running into it, with very deep water on one side, on which I helped boil a kettle of chowder, some six rods from the main shore, about the year 1824, which it has not been possible to do for twenty-five years; and on the other hand, my friends used to listen with incredulity when I told them, that a few years later I was accustomed to fish from a boat in a secluded cove in the woods, fifteen rods from the only shore they knew, which place was long since converted into a meadow.
有一条狭窄的沙洲伸入其中，一侧水很深，大约在 1824 年，我在沙洲上帮忙煮了一壶杂烩汤，距离主岸约六竿，但二十五年来我一直无法做到这一点；另一方面，当我告诉我的朋友们，几年后，我已经习惯了在树林里一个僻静的小海湾里划船钓鱼时，他们常常感到难以置信，距离他们所知道的唯一的海岸有十五竿，那个地方早已变成了草地。
But the pond has risen steadily for two years, and now, in the summer of ’52, is just five feet higher than when I lived there, or as high as it was thirty years ago, and fishing goes on again in the meadow.
但两年来，池塘的水位一直在稳步上升，现在，52年夏天，只比我住在那里时高出五英尺，或者和三十年前一样高，草地上又开始钓鱼了。
This makes a difference of level, at the outside, of six or seven feet; and yet the water shed by the surrounding hills is insignificant in amount, and this overflow must be referred to causes which affect the deep springs.
这使得外部的水平差达到六到七英尺；然而，周围山丘流下的水量却微乎其微，这种溢流必须归咎于影响深泉的原因。
This same summer the pond has begun to fall again.
同年夏天，池塘又开始下降。
It is remarkable that this fluctuation, whether periodical or not, appears thus to require many years for its accomplishment.
值得注意的是，这种波动，无论是否周期性，似乎都需要很多年才能完成。
I have observed one rise and a part of two falls, and I expect that a dozen or fifteen years hence the water will again be as low as I have ever known it.
我观察到一次上涨和两次下跌的一部分，我预计十几年或十五年后水位将再次降至我所知道的水平。
Flint’s Pond, a mile eastward, allowing for the disturbance occasioned by its inlets and outlets, and the smaller intermediate ponds also, sympathize with Walden, and recently attained their greatest height at the same time with the latter.
向东一英里的弗林特池塘，考虑到其入口和出口造成的干扰，以及较小的中间池塘也与瓦尔登湖相呼应，最近与后者同时达到了最高高度。
The same is true, as far as my observation goes, of White Pond.
据我观察，白池也是如此。
This rise and fall of Walden at long intervals serves this use at least; the water standing at this great height for a year or more, though it makes it difficult to walk round it, kills the shrubs and trees which have sprung up about its edge since the last rise, pitch-pines, birches, alders, aspens, and others, and, falling again, leaves an unobstructed shore; for, unlike many ponds and all waters which are subject to a daily tide, its shore is cleanest when the water is lowest.
瓦尔登湖的周期性兴衰至少有这个用处。水位在如此高的高度持续了一年或更长时间，尽管它使人们难以在周围行走，但杀死了自上次上涨以来在其边缘生长的灌木和树木，油松，桦树，桤木，白杨等，并且再次落下，留下了畅通无阻的海岸；因为，与许多池塘和所有每天都会受到潮汐影响的水域不同，当水位最低时，它的海岸是最干净的。
On the side of the pond next my house, a row of pitch pines fifteen feet high has been killed and tipped over as if by a lever, and thus a stop put to their encroachments; and their size indicates how many years have elapsed since the last rise to this height.
在我家旁边的池塘边，一排十五英尺高的油松被杀死了，并像被杠杆一样翻倒了，这样就阻止了它们的侵占；它们的大小表明自上次上升到这个高度以来已经过去了多少年。
By this fluctuation the pond asserts its title to a shore, and thus the _shore_ is _shorn_, and the trees cannot hold it by right of possession.
通过这种波动，池塘宣告了它对海岸的所有权，因此海岸被剪掉了，树木无法通过占有权来拥有它。
These are the lips of the lake on which no beard grows.
这些是湖边，上面不长胡须。
It licks its chaps from time to time.
它时不时地舔一下自己的小家伙。
When the water is at its height, the alders, willows, and maples send forth a mass of fibrous red roots several feet long from all sides of their stems in the water, and to the height of three or four feet from the ground, in the effort to maintain themselves; and I have known the high-blueberry bushes about the shore, which commonly produce no fruit, bear an abundant crop under these circumstances.
当水位达到最高点时，桤木、柳树和枫树会从水中的茎的四面伸出一团数英尺长的纤维状红根，离地面有三四英尺高，以努力维持自己的生命。我知道海岸边的蓝莓灌木丛通常不结果子，但在这种情况下却能结出丰硕的果实。
Some have been puzzled to tell how the shore became so regularly paved.
有些人很困惑，不知道海岸是如何变得如此规则的。
My townsmen have all heard the tradition, the oldest people tell me that they heard it in their youth, that anciently the Indians were holding a pow-wow upon a hill here, which rose as high into the heavens as the pond now sinks deep into the earth, and they used much profanity, as the story goes, though this vice is one of which the Indians were never guilty, and while they were thus engaged the hill shook and suddenly sank, and only one old squaw, named Walden, escaped, and from her the pond was named.
我的镇民都听说过这个传统，最年长的人告诉我，他们在年轻时就听说过，古代印第安人在这里的一座小山上举行了一次仪式，这座山高耸入云，就像现在的池塘深入地下一样，他们使用了很多脏话，正如故事所说，尽管这种恶习是印第安人从来没有犯过的，当他们如此从事时，山摇晃并突然下沉，只有一个名叫瓦尔登的老女人，逃脱了，并以她的名字命名了这个池塘。
It has been conjectured that when the hill shook these stones rolled down its side and became the present shore.
据推测，当山摇晃时，这些石头从山坡上滚下来，形成了现在的海岸。
It is very certain, at any rate, that once there was no pond here, and now there is one; and this Indian fable does not in any respect conflict with the account of that ancient settler whom I have mentioned, who remembers so well when he first came here with his divining rod, saw a thin vapor rising from the sward, and the hazel pointed steadily downward, and he concluded to dig a well here.
无论如何，可以肯定的是，这里曾经没有池塘，现在却有了。这个印度寓言在任何方面都与我提到的那个古代定居者的叙述没有任何冲突，他清楚地记得当他第一次带着占卜棒来到这里时，看到一股薄薄的蒸汽从草地上升起，榛树稳定地指向下方，他决定在这里挖一口井。
As for the stones, many still think that they are hardly to be accounted for by the action of the waves on these hills; but I observe that the surrounding hills are remarkably full of the same kind of stones, so that they have been obliged to pile them up in walls on both sides of the railroad cut nearest the pond; and, moreover, there are most stones where the shore is most abrupt; so that, unfortunately, it is no longer a mystery to me.
至于这些石头，许多人仍然认为它们很难被海浪对这些山丘的作用所解释。但我观察到周围的山上到处都是同样的石头，所以他们不得不把它们堆在离池塘最近的铁路两侧的墙上；而且，海岸最陡的地方，石头最多。因此，不幸的是，这对我来说不再是一个谜。
I detect the paver.
我检测到摊铺机。
If the name was not derived from that of some English locality,—Saffron Walden, for instance,—one might suppose that it was called originally _Walled-in_ Pond.
如果这个名字不是源自英国的某个地方——例如萨弗伦瓦尔登——人们可能会认为它最初被称为“围墙池塘”。
The pond was my well ready dug.
这个池塘是我精心挖好的。
For four months in the year its water is as cold as it is pure at all times; and I think that it is then as good as any, if not the best, in the town.
一年中有四个月，这里的水始终冰冷纯净。我认为它即使不是城里最好的，也和镇上的任何一个一样好。
In the winter, all water which is exposed to the air is colder than springs and wells which are protected from it.
在冬天，所有暴露在空气中的水都比不受空气影响的泉水和井水冷。
The temperature of the pond water which had stood in the room where I sat from five o’clock in the afternoon till noon the next day, the sixth of March, 1846, the thermometer having been up to 65° or 70° some of the time, owing partly to the sun on the roof, was 42°, or one degree colder than the water of one of the coldest wells in the village just drawn.
1846年3月6日，从下午五点到第二天中午，我坐的房间里的池塘水温是42°，比刚刚打出的村里最冷的井之一的水冷1度，温度计有时高达65°或70°，部分原因是屋顶上的阳光。
The temperature of the Boiling Spring the same day was 45°, or the warmest of any water tried, though it is the coldest that I know of in summer, when, beside, shallow and stagnant surface water is not mingled with it.
当天沸泉水的温度为 45°，是尝试过的所有水中最热的，尽管这是我所知道的夏季最冷的，当时，浅层和停滞的地表水不与它混合。
Moreover, in summer, Walden never becomes so warm as most water which is exposed to the sun, on account of its depth.
此外，在夏季，由于瓦尔登湖的深度，它永远不会像大多数暴露在阳光下的水那样温暖。
In the warmest weather I usually placed a pailful in my cellar, where it became cool in the night, and remained so during the day; though I also resorted to a spring in the neighborhood.
在最温暖的天气里，我通常会在地窖里放一桶，晚上那里会变得凉爽，白天也会保持凉爽。虽然我也求助于附近的一个泉水。
It was as good when a week old as the day it was dipped, and had no taste of the pump.
一周后的味道和浸泡当天一样好，没有泵的味道。
Whoever camps for a week in summer by the shore of a pond, needs only bury a pail of water a few feet deep in the shade of his camp to be independent of the luxury of ice.
夏天，无论谁在池塘边露营一周，只需要在营地的阴凉处埋一桶水几英尺深，就可以摆脱奢侈的冰块。
There have been caught in Walden pickerel, one weighing seven pounds, to say nothing of another which carried off a reel with great velocity, which the fisherman safely set down at eight pounds because he did not see him, perch and pouts, some of each weighing over two pounds, shiners, chivins or roach (_Leuciscus pulchellus_), a very few breams, and a couple of eels, one weighing four pounds,—I am thus particular because the weight of a fish is commonly its only title to fame, and these are the only eels I have heard of here;—also, I have a faint recollection of a little fish some five inches long, with silvery sides and a greenish back, somewhat dace-like in its character, which I mention here chiefly to link my facts to fable.
在瓦尔登湖捕获过一条重七磅的梭鱼，更不用说另一条以极快的速度卷起卷轴的鱼了，渔夫安全地将其定为八磅，因为他没有看到它，鲈鱼和鳅鱼，其中一些每条重超过两磅，鳊鱼，白鲈或蟑螂（_Leuciscus pulchellus_），极少数鳊鱼，还有几条鳗鱼，其中一条重四磅——因此我很特别，因为一条鱼的重量通常这是它唯一的名声，而这些是我在这里听说过的唯一的鳗鱼；而且，我依稀记得一条大约五英寸长的小鱼，有银色的侧面和绿色的背部，其性格有点像鲮鱼，我在这里提到它主要是为了将我的事实与寓言联系起来。
Nevertheless, this pond is not very fertile in fish.
然而，这个池塘的鱼儿并不多。
Its pickerel, though not abundant, are its chief boast.
它的梭子鱼虽然数量不多，但却是它最值得夸耀的地方。
I have seen at one time lying on the ice pickerel of at least three different kinds; a long and shallow one, steel-colored, most like those caught in the river; a bright golden kind, with greenish reflections and remarkably deep, which is the most common here; and another, golden-colored, and shaped like the last, but peppered on the sides with small dark brown or black spots, intermixed with a few faint blood-red ones, very much like a trout.
我曾经见过至少三种不同种类的梭鱼躺在冰上；一条长而浅的，钢色的，最像河里捕获的。明亮的金色，带有绿色反光，非常深，这是这里最常见的；另一种是金色的，形状和最后一个一样，但侧面布满了深棕色或黑色的小斑点，其中夹杂着一些淡淡的血红色斑点，很像鳟鱼。
The specific name _reticulatus_ would not apply to this; it should be _guttatus_ rather.
具体名称_reticulatus_不适用于此；应该是_guttatus_。
These are all very firm fish, and weigh more than their size promises.
这些都是非常坚硬的鱼，而且重量超过了它们所承诺的尺寸。
The shiners, pouts, and perch also, and indeed all the fishes which inhabit this pond, are much cleaner, handsomer, and firmer fleshed than those in the river and most other ponds, as the water is purer, and they can easily be distinguished from them.
鮟鱇鱼、鳅鱼和鲈鱼，以及事实上栖息在这个池塘里的所有鱼类，都比河里和大多数其他池塘里的鱼干净、漂亮、肉质更紧实，因为水更纯净，很容易将它们与它们区分开来。
Probably many ichthyologists would make new varieties of some of them.
也许许多鱼类学家会培育其中一些新品种。
There are also a clean race of frogs and tortoises, and a few muscels in it; muskrats and minks leave their traces about it, and occasionally a travelling mud-turtle visits it.
还有青蛙和乌龟的干净品种，以及一些贻贝。麝香鼠和水貂在其周围留下了踪迹，偶尔还会有旅行的泥龟来到这里。
Sometimes, when I pushed off my boat in the morning, I disturbed a great mud-turtle which had secreted himself under the boat in the night.
有时，当我早上下船时，我惊扰了一只夜间躲在船底下的大泥龟。
Ducks and geese frequent it in the spring and fall, the white-bellied swallows (_Hirundo bicolor_) skim over it, and the peetweets (_Totanus macularius_) “teter” along its stony shores all summer.
鸭子和鹅在春天和秋天经常光顾这里，白腹燕子 (_Hirundo bicolor_) 掠过这里，而小皮燕 (_Totanus macularius_) 整个夏天都沿着它的石质海岸“拉扯”。
I have sometimes disturbed a fishhawk sitting on a white-pine over the water; but I doubt if it is ever profaned by the wing of a gull, like Fair Haven.
有时我惊扰了坐在水面上白松树上的鱼鹰。但我怀疑它是否曾像费尔港那样被海鸥的翅膀亵渎过。
At most, it tolerates one annual loon.
它最多只能容忍一年一度的潜鸟。
These are all the animals of consequence which frequent it now.
这些都是现在经常光顾的重要动物。
You may see from a boat, in calm weather, near the sandy eastern shore, where the water is eight or ten feet deep, and also in some other parts of the pond, some circular heaps half a dozen feet in diameter by a foot in height, consisting of small stones less than a hen’s egg in size, where all around is bare sand.
在风平浪静的时候，你可以从船上看到，靠近沙质的东岸，那里的水有八英尺或十英尺深，在池塘的其他一些地方，也有一些直径六英尺高一英尺的圆形堆，由小于鸡蛋大小的小石头组成，周围都是光秃秃的沙子。
At first you wonder if the Indians could have formed them on the ice for any purpose, and so, when the ice melted, they sank to the bottom; but they are too regular and some of them plainly too fresh for that.
起初你想知道印第安人是否出于某种目的在冰上形成了它们，因此，当冰融化时，它们沉到了底部;但它们太常规了，其中一些显然太新鲜了。
They are similar to those found in rivers; but as there are no suckers nor lampreys here, I know not by what fish they could be made.
它们与河流中发现的相似。但由于这里没有吸盘，也没有七鳃鳗，我不知道它们是用什么鱼制成的。
Perhaps they are the nests of the chivin.
也许它们是奇文的巢穴。
These lend a pleasing mystery to the bottom.
这些给底部带来了令人愉悦的神秘感。
The shore is irregular enough not to be monotonous.
海岸不规则，不至于显得单调。
I have in my mind’s eye the western indented with deep bays, the bolder northern, and the beautifully scalloped southern shore, where successive capes overlap each other and suggest unexplored coves between.
在我的脑海中，西部海岸有深邃的海湾，北部海岸更大胆，南部海岸有美丽的扇形，连续的海角相互重叠，暗示着其间有未开发的海湾。
The forest has never so good a setting, nor is so distinctly beautiful, as when seen from the middle of a small lake amid hills which rise from the water’s edge; for the water in which it is reflected not only makes the best foreground in such a case, but, with its winding shore, the most natural and agreeable boundary to it.
森林的环境从来没有这么好过，也没有像从水边升起的山丘中间的一个小湖中央看到的那样美丽。因为在这种情况下，反射它的水不仅构成了最好的前景，而且以其蜿蜒的海岸，成为它最自然、最舒适的边界。
There is no rawness nor imperfection in its edge there, as where the axe has cleared a part, or a cultivated field abuts on it.
它的边缘没有粗糙或不完美的地方，就像斧头已经清理了一部分，或者紧邻着耕地一样。
The trees have ample room to expand on the water side, and each sends forth its most vigorous branch in that direction.
树木在水边有足够的空间扩展，每棵树都向那个方向伸出最茂盛的枝条。
There Nature has woven a natural selvage, and the eye rises by just gradations from the low shrubs of the shore to the highest trees.
大自然在那里编织了天然的布边，从海岸的低矮灌木到最高的树木，视线逐渐上升。
There are few traces of man’s hand to be seen.
几乎看不到人类手的痕迹。
The water laves the shore as it did a thousand years ago.
海水像一千年前一样冲刷着海岸。
A lake is the landscape’s most beautiful and expressive feature.
湖泊是景观中最美丽、最具表现力的特征。
It is earth’s eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature.
它是地球的眼睛；观察者通过观察来衡量他自己本性的深度。
The fluviatile trees next the shore are the slender eyelashes which fringe it, and the wooded hills and cliffs around are its overhanging brows.
沿岸的河流树木是它的边缘细长的睫毛，周围树木繁茂的山丘和悬崖是它悬垂的眉毛。
Standing on the smooth sandy beach at the east end of the pond, in a calm September afternoon, when a slight haze makes the opposite shore line indistinct, I have seen whence came the expression, “the glassy surface of a lake.” When you invert your head, it looks like a thread of finest gossamer stretched across the valley, and gleaming against the distant pine woods, separating one stratum of the atmosphere from another.
站在池塘东端光滑的沙滩上，九月的一个平静的午后，淡淡的薄雾使对岸的海岸线变得模糊，我看到了“湖面如镜”这句话的由来。当你低头一看，它就像一根最细的游丝，横跨山谷，在远处的松树林的映衬下闪闪发光，将大气层与另一层层分开。
You would think that you could walk dry under it to the opposite hills, and that the swallows which skim over might perch on it.
你可能会认为你可以在它下面干着走到对面的山上，而掠过的燕子可能会栖息在它上面。
Indeed, they sometimes dive below this line, as it were by mistake, and are undeceived.
事实上，他们有时会误入这条线以下，但他们并没有受骗。
As you look over the pond westward you are obliged to employ both your hands to defend your eyes against the reflected as well as the true sun, for they are equally bright; and if, between the two, you survey its surface critically, it is literally as smooth as glass, except where the skater insects, at equal intervals scattered over its whole extent, by their motions in the sun produce the finest imaginable sparkle on it, or, perchance, a duck plumes itself, or, as I have said, a swallow skims so low as to touch it.
当你向西眺望池塘时，你必须用双手保护你的眼睛免受反射的阳光和真实的阳光的影响，因为它们同样明亮。如果你在两者之间批判性地观察它的表面，它实际上就像玻璃一样光滑，除了那些以相等间隔分散在整个范围内的滑冰昆虫，通过它们在阳光下的运动在它上面产生可以想象的最美丽的闪光，或者，也许，一只鸭子自己羽毛，或者，正如我所说的，一只燕子掠过，低得足以触及它。
It may be that in the distance a fish describes an arc of three or four feet in the air, and there is one bright flash where it emerges, and another where it strikes the water; sometimes the whole silvery arc is revealed; or here and there, perhaps, is a thistle-down floating on its surface, which the fishes dart at and so dimple it again.
也许远处一条鱼在空中划出一条三四英尺的弧线，它出现的地方有一道明亮的闪光，落在水面上的地方又是一道明亮的闪光；有时，整个银色弧线都会显露出来；或许，到处都有一朵蓟绒漂浮在它的表面上，鱼儿们向它飞去，然后又在它身上留下了酒窝。
It is like molten glass cooled but not congealed, and the few motes in it are pure and beautiful like the imperfections in glass.
它就像熔化的玻璃，冷却但不凝结，里面的少数微粒就像玻璃上的瑕疵一样纯净而美丽。
You may often detect a yet smoother and darker water, separated from the rest as if by an invisible cobweb, boom of the water nymphs, resting on it.
你可能经常会发现更光滑、更暗的水，与其他水分开，就像被看不见的蜘蛛网一样，水仙女的繁荣，在其上休息。
From a hill-top you can see a fish leap in almost any part; for not a pickerel or shiner picks an insect from this smooth surface but it manifestly disturbs the equilibrium of the whole lake.
从山顶上几乎任何地方都可以看到鱼儿跳跃；因为没有梭鱼或鳀鱼从这光滑的表面上捕食昆虫，但它显然扰乱了整个湖的平衡。
It is wonderful with what elaborateness this simple fact is advertised,—this piscine murder will out,—and from my distant perch I distinguish the circling undulations when they are half a dozen rods in diameter.
令人惊奇的是，这个简单的事实被如此精心地宣传，——这起鱼类谋杀案将会结束，——从我远处的栖息处，我分辨出直径有六杆的盘旋起伏。
You can even detect a water-bug (_Gyrinus_) ceaselessly progressing over the smooth surface a quarter of a mile off; for they furrow the water slightly, making a conspicuous ripple bounded by two diverging lines, but the skaters glide over it without rippling it perceptibly.
您甚至可以发现一只水虫 (_Gyrinus_) 在四分之一英里外的光滑表面上不断前进；因为它们会在水面上轻轻地划出一道沟痕，形成一条由两条分叉线界定的明显涟漪，但滑冰者在水面上滑行却没有明显地荡起涟漪。
When the surface is considerably agitated there are no skaters nor water-bugs on it, but apparently, in calm days, they leave their havens and adventurously glide forth from the shore by short impulses till they completely cover it.
当水面相当剧烈时，上面没有溜冰者或水蝽，但显然，在平静的日子里，它们会离开自己的避风港，通过短暂的冲动冒险地从海岸滑行，直到完全覆盖海岸。
It is a soothing employment, on one of those fine days in the fall when all the warmth of the sun is fully appreciated, to sit on a stump on such a height as this, overlooking the pond, and study the dimpling circles which are incessantly inscribed on its otherwise invisible surface amid the reflected skies and trees.
在秋天的美好日子里，当充分享受到太阳的温暖时，坐在如此高的树桩上，俯瞰池塘，研究在倒映的天空和树木中不断刻在其原本看不见的表面上的凹坑圆圈，是一项令人舒缓的工作。
Over this great expanse there is no disturbance but it is thus at once gently smoothed away and assuaged, as, when a vase of water is jarred, the trembling circles seek the shore and all is smooth again.
在这片广阔的土地上，没有任何干扰，但它立即被轻轻地抚平和平息，就像当一瓶水受到震动时，颤抖的圆圈寻找海岸，一切又恢复平静。
Not a fish can leap or an insect fall on the pond but it is thus reported in circling dimples, in lines of beauty, as it were the constant welling up of its fountain, the gentle pulsing of its life, the heaving of its breast.
没有一条鱼可以在池塘上跳跃，也没有一只昆虫可以落在池塘上，但它却以环绕的酒窝和美丽的线条来报道，就像它的喷泉不断涌出，它的生命轻轻地脉动，它的胸部起伏。
The thrills of joy and thrills of pain are undistinguishable.
喜悦的刺激和痛苦的刺激是无法区分的。
How peaceful the phenomena of the lake!
湖水的景象多么平静啊！
Again the works of man shine as in the spring.
人类的作品再次像春天一样闪耀。
Ay, every leaf and twig and stone and cobweb sparkles now at mid-afternoon as when covered with dew in a spring morning.
哎，每片叶子、树枝、石头和蜘蛛网现在在午后都闪闪发光，就像春天早晨沾满露水时一样。
Every motion of an oar or an insect produces a flash of light; and if an oar falls, how sweet the echo!
桨或昆虫的每一个动作都会产生一道闪光；如果桨落下，回声多么悦耳！
In such a day, in September or October, Walden is a perfect forest mirror, set round with stones as precious to my eye as if fewer or rarer.
在这样的一天，九月或十月，瓦尔登湖就像一面完美的森林镜子，周围镶嵌着对我来说珍贵的宝石，仿佛更少或更稀有。
Nothing so fair, so pure, and at the same time so large, as a lake, perchance, lies on the surface of the earth.
也许没有什么比地球表面的湖泊更美丽、更纯净、同时又更广阔了。
Sky water.
天水.
It needs no fence.
它不需要栅栏。
Nations come and go without defiling it.
国家的来来去去都不会玷污它。
It is a mirror which no stone can crack, whose quicksilver will never wear off, whose gilding Nature continually repairs; no storms, no dust, can dim its surface ever fresh;—a mirror in which all impurity presented to it sinks, swept and dusted by the sun’s hazy brush,—this the light dust-cloth,—which retains no breath that is breathed on it, but sends its own to float as clouds high above its surface, and be reflected in its bosom still.
它是一面石头无法击碎的镜子，它的水银永远不会磨损，它镀金的大自然不断地修补它；没有暴风雨，没有灰尘，可以使它的表面永远变暗；——一面镜子，所有的杂质都沉入其中，被太阳朦胧的刷子扫过和除尘，——这轻尘布，——它不保留呼吸到它上面的气息，而是将自己的气息像云一样漂浮在其表面上方，并仍然在它的怀抱中反射。
A field of water betrays the spirit that is in the air.
一片水田背叛了空气中的精神。
It is continually receiving new life and motion from above.
它不断地从上面接受新的生命和动力。
It is intermediate in its nature between land and sky.
它的性质介于陆地和天空之间。
On land only the grass and trees wave, but the water itself is rippled by the wind.
陆地上只有草木在波动，而水本身却被风吹起波纹。
I see where the breeze dashes across it by the streaks or flakes of light.
我看到微风吹过的地方，有光的条纹或片状的光。
It is remarkable that we can look down on its surface.
值得注意的是我们可以俯视它的表面。
We shall, perhaps, look down thus on the surface of air at length, and mark where a still subtler spirit sweeps over it.
也许我们会这样仔细地观察空气表面，并标记出更微妙的精神在哪里扫过它。
The skaters and water-bugs finally disappear in the latter part of October, when the severe frosts have come; and then and in November, usually, in a calm day, there is absolutely nothing to ripple the surface.
十月下旬，严霜来临，鳅鱼和水蝽终于消失了。然后到了十一月，通常在风平浪静的日子里，表面上绝对不会有任何涟漪。
One November afternoon, in the calm at the end of a rain storm of several days’ duration, when the sky was still completely overcast and the air was full of mist, I observed that the pond was remarkably smooth, so that it was difficult to distinguish its surface; though it no longer reflected the bright tints of October, but the sombre November colors of the surrounding hills.
十一月的一个下午，连日暴雨结束后的平静中，天空仍是阴沉沉的，空气中弥漫着薄雾，我观察到池塘异常光滑，难以辨认其表面；尽管它不再反映十月的明亮色调，而是周围山丘十一月的阴暗色彩。
Though I passed over it as gently as possible, the slight undulations produced by my boat extended almost as far as I could see, and gave a ribbed appearance to the reflections.
尽管我尽可能轻柔地经过它，但我的船产生的轻微起伏几乎延伸到我能看到的地方，并给反射带来了肋骨的外观。
But, as I was looking over the surface, I saw here and there at a distance a faint glimmer, as if some skater insects which had escaped the frosts might be collected there, or, perchance, the surface, being so smooth, betrayed where a spring welled up from the bottom.
但是，当我望向表面时，我看到远处到处都有微弱的微光，仿佛那里可能聚集着一些逃离霜冻的溜冰昆虫，或者，也许，表面如此光滑，从底部涌出一股泉水，暴露了这一点。
Paddling gently to one of these places, I was surprised to find myself surrounded by myriads of small perch, about five inches long, of a rich bronze color in the green water, sporting there, and constantly rising to the surface and dimpling it, sometimes leaving bubbles on it.
轻轻地划到其中一个地方，我惊讶地发现自己被无数小鲈鱼包围着，它们长约五英寸，在绿色的水中呈浓郁的古铜色，在那里嬉戏，不断地上升到水面，使它凹陷，有时在上面留下气泡。
In such transparent and seemingly bottomless water, reflecting the clouds, I seemed to be floating through the air as in a balloon, and their swimming impressed me as a kind of flight or hovering, as if they were a compact flock of birds passing just beneath my level on the right or left, their fins, like sails, set all around them.
在如此透明、看似无底的水中，倒映着云彩，我似乎在空中漂浮，就像在气球里一样，它们的游泳给我的印象是一种飞行或盘旋，仿佛它们是一群紧凑的鸟儿，从我的水平面左右飞过，它们的鳍像帆一样，围绕着它们。
There were many such schools in the pond, apparently improving the short season before winter would draw an icy shutter over their broad skylight, sometimes giving to the surface an appearance as if a slight breeze struck it, or a few rain-drops fell there.
池塘里有很多这样的学校，显然是在冬天给它们宽阔的天窗拉上冰冷的百叶窗之前的短暂季节里的改善，有时让水面看起来好像有微风吹过，或者有几滴雨滴落在那里。
When I approached carelessly and alarmed them, they made a sudden splash and rippling with their tails, as if one had struck the water with a brushy bough, and instantly took refuge in the depths.
当我不小心走近惊动它们时，它们突然溅起水花，尾巴荡起涟漪，就像用一根茂密的树枝击打水面一样，立即躲到了深处。
At length the wind rose, the mist increased, and the waves began to run, and the perch leaped much higher than before, half out of water, a hundred black points, three inches long, at once above the surface.
终于，风起，雾气增大，海浪开始奔腾，鲈鱼跳得比以前高得多，一半露出水面，一百个三英寸长的黑点立刻露出水面。
Even as late as the fifth of December, one year, I saw some dimples on the surface, and thinking it was going to rain hard immediately, the air being full of mist, I made haste to take my place at the oars and row homeward; already the rain seemed rapidly increasing, though I felt none on my cheek, and I anticipated a thorough soaking.
直到一年十二月五日，我看见水面上有些凹痕，以为马上要下大雨了，空气中充满了雾气，我就赶紧坐在桨上划回了家；雨似乎已经在迅速增大，尽管我的脸颊上没有感觉到雨，我预计会被彻底淋湿。
But suddenly the dimples ceased, for they were produced by the perch, which the noise of my oars had seared into the depths, and I saw their schools dimly disappearing; so I spent a dry afternoon after all.
但突然间，这些酒窝消失了，因为它们是由鲈鱼产生的，我的桨声已经把它们烧到了深处，我看到它们的鱼群隐约消失了；所以我毕竟度过了一个干燥的下午。
An old man who used to frequent this pond nearly sixty years ago, when it was dark with surrounding forests, tells me that in those days he sometimes saw it all alive with ducks and other water fowl, and that there were many eagles about it.
一位大约六十年前经常光顾这个池塘的老人告诉我，当时他有时看到池塘里充满了鸭子和其他水禽，而且还有很多老鹰。
He came here a-fishing, and used an old log canoe which he found on the shore.
他来这里钓鱼，用的是他在岸边找到的一艘旧木独木舟。
It was made of two white-pine logs dug out and pinned together, and was cut off square at the ends.
它是用两根挖出来的白松木钉在一起制成的，两端被切成方形。
It was very clumsy, but lasted a great many years before it became water-logged and perhaps sank to the bottom.
它非常笨拙，但在被水浸透并可能沉到底部之前持续了很多年。
He did not know whose it was; it belonged to the pond.
他不知道是谁的；它属于池塘。
He used to make a cable for his anchor of strips of hickory bark tied together.
他曾经用山核桃树皮条绑在一起制作一根缆绳作为锚。
An old man, a potter, who lived by the pond before the Revolution, told him once that there was an iron chest at the bottom, and that he had seen it.
革命前住在池塘边的一位陶工老人有一次告诉他，池底有一个铁箱子，他见过它。
Sometimes it would come floating up to the shore; but when you went toward it, it would go back into deep water and disappear.
有时它会漂到岸边；有时它会漂到岸边。但当你走向它时，它就会回到深水中并消失。
I was pleased to hear of the old log canoe, which took the place of an Indian one of the same material but more graceful construction, which perchance had first been a tree on the bank, and then, as it were, fell into the water, to float there for a generation, the most proper vessel for the lake.
我很高兴听到古老的圆木独木舟，它取代了印度的独木舟，其材料相同，但结构更优雅，它可能最初是岸上的一棵树，然后，可以说，掉进了水中，在那里漂浮了一代人，是湖上最合适的船只。
I remember that when I first looked into these depths there were many large trunks to be seen indistinctly lying on the bottom, which had either been blown over formerly, or left on the ice at the last cutting, when wood was cheaper; but now they have mostly disappeared.
我记得当我第一次向这些深处望去时，依稀可见许多大树干躺在底部，这些树干要么是以前被风吹倒的，要么是在最后一次砍伐时留在冰上的，当时木材更便宜；但现在它们大多已经消失了。
When I first paddled a boat on Walden, it was completely surrounded by thick and lofty pine and oak woods, and in some of its coves grape vines had run over the trees next the water and formed bowers under which a boat could pass.
当我第一次在瓦尔登湖上划船时，它完全被茂密而高大的松树和橡树林包围着，在一些海湾里，葡萄藤蔓越过水边的树木，形成了可供船只通过的凉亭。
The hills which form its shores are so steep, and the woods on them were then so high, that, as you looked down from the west end, it had the appearance of an amphitheatre for some kind of sylvan spectacle.
形成海岸的山丘非常陡峭，山上的树林也很高，当你从西端往下看时，它看起来就像一个圆形剧场，呈现出某种森林奇观。
I have spent many an hour, when I was younger, floating over its surface as the zephyr willed, having paddled my boat to the middle, and lying on my back across the seats, in a summer forenoon, dreaming awake, until I was aroused by the boat touching the sand, and I arose to see what shore my fates had impelled me to; days when idleness was the most attractive and productive industry.
当我年轻的时候，我花了很多个小时，随着和风的意愿漂浮在水面上，把我的船划到中间，然后仰面躺在座位上，在一个夏日的早晨，醒着做梦，直到我被船接触沙滩惊醒，我站起来看看我的命运把我推到了哪一边；那时，闲散是最有吸引力、最有生产力的行业。
Many a forenoon have I stolen away, preferring to spend thus the most valued part of the day; for I was rich, if not in money, in sunny hours and summer days, and spent them lavishly; nor do I regret that I did not waste more of them in the workshop or the teacher’s desk.
许多个上午我都偷偷地溜走了，宁愿这样度过一天中最宝贵的时间。因为在阳光明媚的时光和夏日里，即使不是金钱，我也很富有，并且挥霍无度。我也不后悔没有在车间或老师的办公桌上浪费更多的时间。
But since I left those shores the woodchoppers have still further laid them waste, and now for many a year there will be no more rambling through the aisles of the wood, with occasional vistas through which you see the water.
但自从我离开那些海岸后，伐木者们又进一步把它们夷为平地，现在很多年了，再也不会有人在树林的过道里漫步，偶尔还能看到水景。
My Muse may be excused if she is silent henceforth.
如果我的缪斯从此以后保持沉默，也许是可以原谅的。
How can you expect the birds to sing when their groves are cut down?
当树林被砍伐时，你怎么能指望鸟儿唱歌呢？
Now the trunks of trees on the bottom, and the old log canoe, and the dark surrounding woods, are gone, and the villagers, who scarcely know where it lies, instead of going to the pond to bathe or drink, are thinking to bring its water, which should be as sacred as the Ganges at least, to the village in a pipe, to wash their dishes with!—to earn their Walden by the turning of a cock or drawing of a plug!
现在，底部的树干、古老的独木舟和周围黑暗的树林都消失了，几乎不知道它在哪里的村民们不再去池塘里洗澡或喝水，而是想用管子把它的水（至少应该像恒河一样神圣）带到村庄里，用来洗碗！——通过转动旋塞或拔出插头来赢得他们的瓦尔登湖！
That devilish Iron Horse, whose ear-rending neigh is heard throughout the town, has muddied the Boiling Spring with his foot, and he it is that has browsed off all the woods on Walden shore, that Trojan horse, with a thousand men in his belly, introduced by mercenary Greeks!
那头邪恶的铁马，它的震耳欲聋的嘶鸣响彻整个城镇，它用脚搅乱了沸泉，它吃光了瓦尔登湖岸边的所有树林，它是希腊雇佣兵引进的那匹肚子里有一千人的特洛伊木马！
Where is the country’s champion, the Moore of Moore Hill, to meet him at the Deep Cut and thrust an avenging lance between the ribs of the bloated pest?
这个国家的冠军，摩尔山的摩尔在哪里，在深切处与他会面，并将复仇之矛插入肿胀害虫的肋骨之间？
Nevertheless, of all the characters I have known, perhaps Walden wears best, and best preserves its purity.
尽管如此，在我所认识的所有人物中，也许《瓦尔登湖》穿着最好，也最能保持其纯洁性。
Many men have been likened to it, but few deserve that honor.
许多人被比作它，但很少有人值得这一荣誉。
Though the woodchoppers have laid bare first this shore and then that, and the Irish have built their sties by it, and the railroad has infringed on its border, and the ice-men have skimmed it once, it is itself unchanged, the same water which my youthful eyes fell on; all the change is in me.
尽管樵夫先是把这片海岸夷为平地，然后又把那片海岸夷为平地，爱尔兰人在这片海岸上筑起了猪圈，铁路侵犯了它的边界，冰人也曾经掠过它，但它本身并没有改变，就像我年轻时的眼睛所注视的那片水域一样；但它本身并没有改变。所有的改变都在我身上。
It has not acquired one permanent wrinkle after all its ripples.
在经历了所有的涟漪之后，它还没有形成一条永久性的皱纹。
It is perennially young, and I may stand and see a swallow dip apparently to pick an insect from its surface as of yore.
它永远年轻，我可能会站着看一只燕子像以前一样，显然是在从它的表面拾取昆虫。
It struck me again tonight, as if I had not seen it almost daily for more than twenty years,—Why, here is Walden, the same woodland lake that I discovered so many years ago; where a forest was cut down last winter another is springing up by its shore as lustily as ever; the same thought is welling up to its surface that was then; it is the same liquid joy and happiness to itself and its Maker, ay, and it _may_ be to me.
今晚我再次感到震惊，仿佛二十多年来我几乎每天都没有看到它一样——为什么，这里是瓦尔登湖，我多年前发现的同一个林地湖泊；为什么？去年冬天，一片森林被砍伐的地方，另一片森林正像往常一样在海岸边拔地而起。那时同样的想法正在涌上心头；对它本身和它的创造者来说，这都是同样的液体快乐和幸福，是的，对我来说也是如此。
It is the work of a brave man surely, in whom there was no guile!
这无疑是一个勇敢者的杰作，他没有任何诡计！
He rounded this water with his hand, deepened and clarified it in his thought, and in his will bequeathed it to Concord.
他用手将这水弄圆，在他的思想中加深和澄清它，并在他的遗嘱中将它遗赠给康科德。
I see by its face that it is visited by the same reflection; and I can almost say, Walden, is it you?
我从它的脸上看到同样的倒影正在拜访它；我几乎可以说，瓦尔登湖，是你吗？
It is no dream of mine, To ornament a line; I cannot come nearer to God and Heaven Than I live to Walden even.
装饰线条不是我的梦想；我无法比住在瓦尔登湖更接近上帝和天堂。
I am its stony shore, And the breeze that passes o’er; In the hollow of my hand Are its water and its sand, And its deepest resort Lies high in my thought.
我是它的石岸，也是掠过的微风；在我手掌的空心里有它的水和它的沙，它最深的度假胜地在我的思想中高高耸立。
The cars never pause to look at it; yet I fancy that the engineers and firemen and brakemen, and those passengers who have a season ticket and see it often, are better men for the sight.
汽车从不停下来看它；但我认为工程师、消防员和制动员，以及那些持有季票并经常看到它的乘客，更适合观赏风景。
The engineer does not forget at night, or his nature does not, that he has beheld this vision of serenity and purity once at least during the day.
工程师在晚上不会忘记，或者他的本性不会忘记，他至少在白天见过一次这种宁静和纯洁的景象。
Though seen but once, it helps to wash out State-street and the engine’s soot.
虽然只见过一次，但它有助于清除州街和发动机的烟灰。
One proposes that it be called “God’s Drop.”
有人建议将其称为“上帝之滴”。
I have said that Walden has no visible inlet nor outlet, but it is on the one hand distantly and indirectly related to Flint’s Pond, which is more elevated, by a chain of small ponds coming from that quarter, and on the other directly and manifestly to Concord River, which is lower, by a similar chain of ponds through which in some other geological period it may have flowed, and by a little digging, which God forbid, it can be made to flow thither again.
我已经说过，瓦尔登湖没有明显的入口和出口，但它一方面与弗林特池塘有遥远和间接的联系，弗林特池塘的位置较高，由来自该地区的一系列小池塘组成，另一方面，它与康科德河有直接和明显的联系，康科德河的位置较低，通过类似的池塘链，在其他地质时期它可能流过这些池塘，并且通过上帝禁止的一点挖掘，它可以再次流到那里。
If by living thus reserved and austere, like a hermit in the woods, so long, it has acquired such wonderful purity, who would not regret that the comparatively impure waters of Flint’s Pond should be mingled with it, or itself should ever go to waste its sweetness in the ocean wave?
如果像森林中的隐士一样如此保守和简朴地生活这么久，它已经获得了如此美妙的纯洁，谁会不后悔弗林特池塘相对不纯净的水与它混合在一起，或者它自己在海浪中浪费了它的甜蜜呢？
Flint’s, or Sandy Pond, in Lincoln, our greatest lake and inland sea, lies about a mile east of Walden.
林肯的弗林特湖或桑迪池塘是我们最大的湖泊和内海，位于瓦尔登湖以东约一英里处。
It is much larger, being said to contain one hundred and ninety-seven acres, and is more fertile in fish; but it is comparatively shallow, and not remarkably pure.
它要大得多，据说有一百九十七英亩，而且鱼产地也更多。但它比较浅，而且不那么纯粹。
A walk through the woods thither was often my recreation.
到那里的树林里散步常常是我的消遣。
It was worth the while, if only to feel the wind blow on your cheek freely, and see the waves run, and remember the life of mariners.
如果只是为了感受风自由地吹拂你的脸颊，看到海浪奔腾，记住水手的生活，这是值得的。
I went a-chestnutting there in the fall, on windy days, when the nuts were dropping into the water and were washed to my feet; and one day, as I crept along its sedgy shore, the fresh spray blowing in my face, I came upon the mouldering wreck of a boat, the sides gone, and hardly more than the impression of its flat bottom left amid the rushes; yet its model was sharply defined, as if it were a large decayed pad, with its veins.
秋天，刮风的日子里，我去那里摘栗子，坚果掉进水里，被冲到我的脚上。有一天，当我沿着长满青苔的海岸爬行时，清新的浪花扑面而来，我发现了一艘腐烂的船残骸，船舷已经消失，只剩下灯心草丛中平底的痕迹。然而它的模型却是轮廓分明的，就好像它是一块腐烂的大垫子，上面有静脉。
It was as impressive a wreck as one could imagine on the sea-shore, and had as good a moral.
这是人们能想象到的海岸上的一艘令人印象深刻的沉船残骸，而且具有良好的寓意。
It is by this time mere vegetable mould and undistinguishable pond shore, through which rushes and flags have pushed up.
此时，这里只剩下蔬菜霉菌和难以辨认的池塘岸边，灯芯草和旗帜已经从池塘边拔地而起。
I used to admire the ripple marks on the sandy bottom, at the north end of this pond, made firm and hard to the feet of the wader by the pressure of the water, and the rushes which grew in Indian file, in waving lines, corresponding to these marks, rank behind rank, as if the waves had planted them.
我常常欣赏池塘北端沙底上的波纹痕迹，在水的压力下，涉水者的脚变得坚实而坚硬，而在印度纵列中生长的灯芯草，呈波浪线，与这些痕迹相对应，排列在排列后面，仿佛波浪种植了它们。
There also I have found, in considerable quantities, curious balls, composed apparently of fine grass or roots, of pipewort perhaps, from half an inch to four inches in diameter, and perfectly spherical.
在那里我还发现了大量奇怪的球，显然是由细草或树根组成的，也许是烟草，直径从半英寸到四英寸，完全是球形的。
These wash back and forth in shallow water on a sandy bottom, and are sometimes cast on the shore.
它们在沙质底部的浅水中来回冲刷，有时会被抛到岸上。
They are either solid grass, or have a little sand in the middle.
它们要么是实心的草，要么是中间有一点沙子。
At first you would say that they were formed by the action of the waves, like a pebble; yet the smallest are made of equally coarse materials, half an inch long, and they are produced only at one season of the year.
起初你会说它们是由波浪的作用形成的，就像一颗鹅卵石；然而，最小的则由同样粗糙的材料制成，半英寸长，并且仅在一年中的一个季节生产。
Moreover, the waves, I suspect, do not so much construct as wear down a material which has already acquired consistency.
此外，我怀疑，波浪对已经具有稠度的材料的作用与其说是构建，不如说是磨损。
They preserve their form when dry for an indefinite period.
当干燥时，它们可以无限期地保持其形状。
_Flint’s Pond!_ Such is the poverty of our nomenclature.
_弗林特池塘！_这就是我们命名法的贫乏。
What right had the unclean and stupid farmer, whose farm abutted on this sky water, whose shores he has ruthlessly laid bare, to give his name to it?
这个肮脏而愚蠢的农夫有什么权利给它命名，他的农场毗邻这片天水，他的海岸被他无情地裸露了呢？
Some skin-flint, who loved better the reflecting surface of a dollar, or a bright cent, in which he could see his own brazen face; who regarded even the wild ducks which settled in it as trespassers; his fingers grown into crooked and horny talons from the long habit of grasping harpy-like;—so it is not named for me.
一些铁石心肠的人，更喜欢一美元或一分硬币的反光表面，在上面他可以看到自己厚颜无耻的脸；他们甚至将栖息在其中的野鸭视为入侵者；他的手指由于长期像鹰身女妖一样抓握的习惯而长成了弯曲的、长满角质的爪子；——所以它不是以我的名字命名的。
I go not there to see him nor to hear of him; who never _saw_ it, who never bathed in it, who never loved it, who never protected it, who never spoke a good word for it, nor thanked God that he had made it.
我去那里不是为了看他，也不是为了听他的消息；谁从未见过它，谁从未在其中沐浴过，谁从未爱过它，谁从未保护过它，谁从未为它说过好话，也从未感谢过上帝创造了它。
Rather let it be named from the fishes that swim in it, the wild fowl or quadrupeds which frequent it, the wild flowers which grow by its shores, or some wild man or child the thread of whose history is interwoven with its own; not from him who could show no title to it but the deed which a like-minded neighbor or legislature gave him,—him who thought only of its money value; whose presence perchance cursed all the shore; who exhausted the land around it, and would fain have exhausted the waters within it; who regretted only that it was not English hay or cranberry meadow,—there was nothing to redeem it, forsooth, in his eyes,—and would have drained and sold it for the mud at its bottom.
相反，让它以在其中游泳的鱼、经常出没的野禽或四足动物、生长在海岸边的野花、或者某个野人或孩子的名字来命名，他们的历史与它自己的历史交织在一起；不是出自无法证明其所有权的人，而是出自志同道合的邻居或立法机关给他的契约——他只考虑了它的金钱价值；他们的出现也许诅咒了整个海岸；他耗尽了周围的土地，也想耗尽其中的水源；他唯一遗憾的是，这不是英国干草或酸果蔓草甸——在他看来，没有什么可以赎回它——并且会把它排干并卖掉以换取底部的泥土。
It did not turn his mill, and it was no _privilege_ to him to behold it.
它并没有改变他的磨坊，他也没有权利看到它。
I respect not his labors, his farm where every thing has its price; who would carry the landscape, who would carry his God, to market, if he could get any thing for him; who goes to market _for_ his god as it is; on whose farm nothing grows free, whose fields bear no crops, whose meadows no flowers, whose trees no fruits, but dollars; who loves not the beauty of his fruits, whose fruits are not ripe for him till they are turned to dollars.
我不尊重他的劳动，不尊重他的农场，那里的每样东西都有它的价格；如果他能给他带来任何东西，他会带着风景，带着他的上帝去市场；谁去市场寻找他本来的神；在他们的农场里，没有任何东西是免费生长的，他们的田地里没有庄稼，他们的草地上没有鲜花，他们的树木上没有果实，只有美元；他不爱他的果实的美丽，他的果实在变成美元之前对他来说还没有成熟。
Give me the poverty that enjoys true wealth.
给我享受真正财富的贫穷。
Farmers are respectable and interesting to me in proportion as they are poor,—poor farmers.
农民对我来说是值得尊敬和感兴趣的，因为他们是贫穷的——贫穷的农民。
A model farm!
模范农场！
where the house stands like a fungus in a muck-heap, chambers for men, horses, oxen, and swine, cleansed and uncleansed, all contiguous to one another!
房子像垃圾堆里的真菌一样矗立在那里，是人、马、牛和猪的房间，洁净的和未洁净的，都彼此相邻！
Stocked with men!
囤满了男人！
A great grease-spot, redolent of manures and buttermilk!
一个巨大的油脂点，散发着粪肥和酪乳的气味！
Under a high state of cultivation, being manured with the hearts and brains of men!
高境界的修为之下，被男人的心脑所滋养！
As if you were to raise your potatoes in the church-yard!
就好像您要在教堂院子里种植土豆一样！
Such is a model farm.
这就是一个示范农场。
No, no; if the fairest features of the landscape are to be named after men, let them be the noblest and worthiest men alone.
不，不；如果景观中最美丽的特征要以人的名字来命名，那就让他们成为最高贵和最有价值的人吧。
Let our lakes receive as true names at least as the Icarian Sea, where “still the shore” a “brave attempt resounds.”
让我们的湖泊至少像伊卡里亚海一样获得真正的名字，那里“仍然是海岸”，“勇敢的尝试回响”。
Goose Pond, of small extent, is on my way to Flint’s; Fair-Haven, an expansion of Concord River, said to contain some seventy acres, is a mile south-west; and White Pond, of about forty acres, is a mile and a half beyond Fair-Haven.
鹅塘面积不大，就在我去弗林特家的路上。费尔黑文 (Fair-Haven) 是康科德河 (Concord River) 的延伸部分，据说占地约七十英亩，位于西南一英里处。怀特池塘占地约四十英亩，距费尔黑文一英里半。
This is my lake country.
这就是我的湖国。
These, with Concord River, are my water privileges; and night and day, year in year out, they grind such grist as I carry to them.
这些，连同康科德河，都是我的用水特权；日日夜夜，年复一年，他们磨碎我带给他们的谷物。
Since the woodcutters, and the railroad, and I myself have profaned Walden, perhaps the most attractive, if not the most beautiful, of all our lakes, the gem of the woods, is White Pond;—a poor name from its commonness, whether derived from the remarkable purity of its waters or the color of its sands.
自从樵夫、铁路和我自己都亵渎了瓦尔登湖之后，在我们所有的湖泊中，即使不是最美丽的，也可能是最有吸引力的，森林中的宝石，就是白池塘；——从它的普通性来看，这个名字很糟糕，无论是源于它的水的非凡纯净还是它的沙子的颜色。
In these as in other respects, however, it is a lesser twin of Walden.
然而，在这些方面和其他方面，它都是瓦尔登湖的孪生兄弟。
They are so much alike that you would say they must be connected under ground.
它们非常相似，以至于你会说它们一定是在地下相连的。
It has the same stony shore, and its waters are of the same hue.
有着同样的石质海岸，同样的海水颜色。
As at Walden, in sultry dog-day weather, looking down through the woods on some of its bays which are not so deep but that the reflection from the bottom tinges them, its waters are of a misty bluish-green or glaucous color.
就像在瓦尔登湖一样，在闷热的三伏天，透过树林俯视一些海湾，这些海湾并不深，但底部的反射将它们染上色彩，它的海水呈雾状的蓝绿色或白霜色。
Many years since I used to go there to collect the sand by cart-loads, to make sand-paper with, and I have continued to visit it ever since.
很多年前，我经常去那儿一车一车地收集沙子，用来制作砂纸，从那以后我就一直去那里参观。
One who frequents it proposes to call it Virid Lake.
一位经常光顾这里的人建议将其称为“Virid Lake”。
Perhaps it might be called Yellow-Pine Lake, from the following circumstance.
从以下情况来看，或许可以称为黄松湖。
About fifteen years ago you could see the top of a pitch-pine, of the kind called yellow-pine hereabouts, though it is not a distinct species, projecting above the surface in deep water, many rods from the shore.
大约十五年前，你可以看到一棵松树的顶部，这种松树在附近被称为黄松，尽管它不是一个独特的物种，在深水中伸出水面，从岸边伸出许多杆。
It was even supposed by some that the pond had sunk, and this was one of the primitive forest that formerly stood there.
甚至有人猜测，池塘已经沉下去了，而这就是曾经矗立在那里的原始森林之一。
I find that even so long ago as 1792, in a “Topographical Description of the Town of Concord,” by one of its citizens, in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the author, after speaking of Walden and White Ponds, adds: “In the middle of the latter may be seen, when the water is very low, a tree which appears as if it grew in the place where it now stands, although the roots are fifty feet below the surface of the water; the top of this tree is broken off, and at that place measures fourteen inches in diameter.” In the spring of ’49 I talked with the man who lives nearest the pond in Sudbury, who told me that it was he who got out this tree ten or fifteen years before.
我发现，早在 1792 年，在马萨诸塞州历史协会收藏的康科德镇一位公民的《康科德镇地形描述》中，作者在谈到瓦尔登湖和怀特池塘后补充道：“在后者的中间，当水位很低时，可以看到一棵树，它看起来好像生长在现在所在的地方，尽管根部在水面以下 50 英尺；这棵树的顶部已经折断了。”关闭，那个地方的直径是十四英寸。” 49 年春天，我与住在萨德伯里池塘附近的一个人交谈过，他告诉我，是他在十年或十五年前从这棵树上掉下来的。
As near as he could remember, it stood twelve or fifteen rods from the shore, where the water was thirty or forty feet deep.
据他记忆，它距离海岸有十二或十五杆，那里的水有三十或四十英尺深。
It was in the winter, and he had been getting out ice in the forenoon, and had resolved that in the afternoon, with the aid of his neighbors, he would take out the old yellow-pine.
当时正值冬天，他上午就在取出冰块，决定下午在邻居的帮助下，把那棵老黄松取出来。
He sawed a channel in the ice toward the shore, and hauled it over and along and out on to the ice with oxen; but, before he had gone far in his work, he was surprised to find that it was wrong end upward, with the stumps of the branches pointing down, and the small end firmly fastened in the sandy bottom.
他在冰面上锯了一条通向海岸的通道，然后用牛把它拖到冰面上。但是，还没走多远，他就惊奇地发现，那头向上的方向不对，树枝的树桩朝下，小头牢牢地固定在沙底上。
It was about a foot in diameter at the big end, and he had expected to get a good saw-log, but it was so rotten as to be fit only for fuel, if for that.
它大端的直径大约有一英尺，他本来希望能得到一根好的锯木，但它已经腐烂了，只能当燃料，如果是为了燃料的话。
He had some of it in his shed then.
当时他的棚子里有一些。
There were marks of an axe and of woodpeckers on the butt.
屁股上有斧头和啄木鸟的痕迹。
He thought that it might have been a dead tree on the shore, but was finally blown over into the pond, and after the top had become waterlogged, while the butt-end was still dry and light, had drifted out and sunk wrong end up.
他以为这可能是岸边的一棵枯树，结果被风吹到池塘里，顶部被水浸湿后，底部还干又轻，就漂了出去，沉到了错误的一端。
His father, eighty years old, could not remember when it was not there.
他的父亲八十岁了，不记得它什么时候不在那儿了。
Several pretty large logs may still be seen lying on the bottom, where, owing to the undulation of the surface, they look like huge water snakes in motion.
仍然可以看到几根相当大的原木躺在底部，由于表面的起伏，它们看起来就像运动的巨大水蛇。
This pond has rarely been profaned by a boat, for there is little in it to tempt a fisherman.
这个池塘很少被船只亵渎，因为里面几乎没有什么可以吸引渔民的。
Instead of the white lily, which requires mud, or the common sweet flag, the blue flag (_Iris versicolor_) grows thinly in the pure water, rising from the stony bottom all around the shore, where it is visited by humming birds in June; and the color both of its bluish blades and its flowers, and especially their reflections, are in singular harmony with the glaucous water.
与需要泥土的白百合或常见的甜旗不同，蓝旗（_Iris versicolor_）在纯净的水中稀疏地生长，从海岸周围的石质底部升起，六月时蜂鸟会到访。它的蓝色叶片和花朵的颜色，尤其是它们的倒影，与白茫茫的水面非常和谐。
White Pond and Walden are great crystals on the surface of the earth, Lakes of Light.
白池和瓦尔登湖是地球表面的巨大水晶，光之湖。
If they were permanently congealed, and small enough to be clutched, they would, perchance, be carried off by slaves, like precious stones, to adorn the heads of emperors; but being liquid, and ample, and secured to us and our successors forever, we disregard them, and run after the diamond of Kohinoor.
如果它们被永久凝结，并且小到可以抓握，它们可能会像宝石一样被奴隶带走，装饰皇帝的头；但由于我们和我们的继任者永远拥有流动性、充足性和安全性，所以我们无视它们，而去追逐科希诺尔的钻石。
They are too pure to have a market value; they contain no muck.
它们太纯粹了，没有市场价值；它们不含任何泥土。
How much more beautiful than our lives, how much more transparent than our characters, are they!
他们比我们的生活美丽得多，比我们的性格透明得多！
We never learned meanness of them.
我们从来没有了解到他们的卑鄙。
How much fairer than the pool before the farmer’s door, in which his ducks swim!
比农夫家门前的水池（他的鸭子在水池里游泳）要美丽得多！
Hither the clean wild ducks come.
干净的野鸭来了。
Nature has no human inhabitant who appreciates her.
大自然没有欣赏她的人类居民。
The birds with their plumage and their notes are in harmony with the flowers, but what youth or maiden conspires with the wild luxuriant beauty of Nature?
鸟儿的羽毛和音符与花儿相得益彰，但哪个少年或少女能与大自然的狂野繁茂之美共谋呢？
She flourishes most alone, far from the towns where they reside.
她在远离他们居住的城镇的地方独自繁衍生息。
Talk of heaven!
谈论天堂！
ye disgrace earth.
你们玷污了地球。
Baker Farm
贝克农场
Sometimes I rambled to pine groves, standing like temples, or like fleets at sea, full-rigged, with wavy boughs, and rippling with light, so soft and green and shady that the Druids would have forsaken their oaks to worship in them; or to the cedar wood beyond Flint’s Pond, where the trees, covered with hoary blue berries, spiring higher and higher, are fit to stand before Valhalla, and the creeping juniper covers the ground with wreaths full of fruit; or to swamps where the usnea lichen hangs in festoons from the white-spruce trees, and toad-stools, round tables of the swamp gods, cover the ground, and more beautiful fungi adorn the stumps, like butterflies or shells, vegetable winkles; where the swamp-pink and dogwood grow, the red alder-berry glows like eyes of imps, the waxwork grooves and crushes the hardest woods in its folds, and the wild-holly berries make the beholder forget his home with their beauty, and he is dazzled and tempted by nameless other wild forbidden fruits, too fair for mortal taste.
有时我漫步到松树林里，像寺庙一样矗立，又像海上的舰队，装备齐全，树枝波浪形，波光粼粼，柔和、绿色、阴凉，德鲁伊们会放弃他们的橡树来崇拜它们；或者去弗林特池塘边的雪松林，那里的树木结满了灰白的蓝色浆果，越来越高，就像矗立在瓦尔哈拉殿前，匍匐的杜松树覆盖着地面，结满了果实的花环；或者到沼泽地，白云杉树上挂着松萝地衣，毒凳、沼泽神的圆桌覆盖着地面，树桩上装饰着更美丽的真菌，比如蝴蝶、贝壳、蔬菜花；那里生长着沼泽粉红色和山茱萸，红色的桤木浆果像小鬼的眼睛一样闪闪发光，蜡像在其褶皱中开出凹槽并压碎了最坚硬的木材，野生冬青浆果的美丽使观者忘记了自己的家乡，而他则被其他无名的野生禁果所迷惑和诱惑，这些禁果对凡人的品味来说太美丽了。
Instead of calling on some scholar, I paid many a visit to particular trees, of kinds which are rare in this neighborhood, standing far away in the middle of some pasture, or in the depths of a wood or swamp, or on a hill-top; such as the black-birch, of which we have some handsome specimens two feet in diameter; its cousin, the yellow birch, with its loose golden vest, perfumed like the first; the beech, which has so neat a bole and beautifully lichen-painted, perfect in all its details, of which, excepting scattered specimens, I know but one small grove of sizable trees left in the township, supposed by some to have been planted by the pigeons that were once baited with beech nuts near by; it is worth the while to see the silver grain sparkle when you split this wood; the bass; the hornbeam; the _Celtis occidentalis_, or false elm, of which we have but one well-grown; some taller mast of a pine, a shingle tree, or a more perfect hemlock than usual, standing like a pagoda in the midst of the woods; and many others I could mention.
我没有去拜访一些学者，而是多次拜访了一些特定的树木，这些树木在附近很少见，它们矗立在远处的牧场中央，或者在树林或沼泽的深处，或者在山顶上；例如黑桦树，我们有一些直径两英尺的漂亮标本；它的近亲黄桦树，有着宽松的金色背心，散发着与第一种树一样的香味。山毛榉的树干非常整齐，地衣涂得很漂亮，所有细节都很完美，除了零散的标本外，我只知道镇上只剩下一小片大树林，有人认为这是附近曾经用山毛榉坚果作为诱饵的鸽子种植的；当你劈开这块木头时，看到银色的纹理闪闪发光，这是值得的；低音；角树；我们只有一株长势良好的西朴树，即假榆树；一些比平常更高的松树、木瓦树或更完美的铁杉，像一座宝塔一样矗立在树林之中；还有许多其他我可以提到的。
These were the shrines I visited both summer and winter.
这些是我夏季和冬季都参观过的神社。
Once it chanced that I stood in the very abutment of a rainbow’s arch, which filled the lower stratum of the atmosphere, tinging the grass and leaves around, and dazzling me as if I looked through colored crystal.
有一次，我偶然站在彩虹拱门的桥台上，彩虹拱门充满了大气层的下层，把周围的草和树叶染红了，让我眼花缭乱，就像透过彩色水晶一样。
It was a lake of rainbow light, in which, for a short while, I lived like a dolphin.
那是一个彩虹色的湖，我在其中短暂地像海豚一样生活。
If it had lasted longer it might have tinged my employments and life.
如果它持续的时间更长，可能会给我的工作和生活带来影响。
As I walked on the railroad causeway, I used to wonder at the halo of light around my shadow, and would fain fancy myself one of the elect.
当我走在铁路堤道上时，我常常对我的影子周围的光环感到惊讶，并且很想幻想自己是选民之一。
One who visited me declared that the shadows of some Irishmen before him had no halo about them, that it was only natives that were so distinguished.
一位拜访我的人宣称，在他之前的一些爱尔兰人的影子没有光环，只有当地人才如此杰出。
Benvenuto Cellini tells us in his memoirs, that, after a certain terrible dream or vision which he had during his confinement in the castle of St. Angelo, a resplendent light appeared over the shadow of his head at morning and evening, whether he was in Italy or France, and it was particularly conspicuous when the grass was moist with dew.
本韦努托·切利尼在他的回忆录中告诉我们，在他被囚禁在圣安吉洛城堡期间做了某种可怕的梦或异象之后，无论他是在意大利还是在法国，无论是在意大利还是在法国，早晨和傍晚他头顶的影子上都会出现一道灿烂的光芒，当草地沾满露水时，光芒尤其明显。
This was probably the same phenomenon to which I have referred, which is especially observed in the morning, but also at other times, and even by moonlight.
这可能与我提到的现象相同，尤其是在早晨，但在其他时间，甚至在月光下也观察到这种现象。
Though a constant one, it is not commonly noticed, and, in the case of an excitable imagination like Cellini’s, it would be basis enough for superstition.
虽然它是一种持续存在的现象，但并不常见，而且，对于像切利尼这样令人兴奋的想象力来说，它足以成为迷信的基础。
Beside, he tells us that he showed it to very few.
此外，他告诉我们，他向极少数人展示过它。
But are they not indeed distinguished who are conscious that they are regarded at all?
但那些意识到自己受到尊重的人难道不是真正杰出的人吗？
I set out one afternoon to go a-fishing to Fair-Haven, through the woods, to eke out my scanty fare of vegetables.
一天下午，我出发去费尔黑文钓鱼，穿过树林，勉强糊口蔬菜。
My way led through Pleasant Meadow, an adjunct of the Baker Farm, that retreat of which a poet has since sung, beginning,—
我的路穿过宜人的草地，这是贝克农场的附属地，自那以后，一位诗人就曾在这个隐居处歌唱，开头是——
“Thy entry is a pleasant field, Which some mossy fruit trees yield Partly to a ruddy brook, By gliding musquash undertook, And mercurial trout, Darting about.”
“你的入口是一片宜人的田野，那里有一些长满青苔的果树，部分地变成了一条红润的小溪，滑行的麝香小溪，还有善变的鳟鱼，四处游动。”
I thought of living there before I went to Walden.
在去瓦尔登湖之前我就想过住在那里。
I “hooked” the apples, leaped the brook, and scared the musquash and the trout.
我“钩”了苹果，跳过了小溪，吓跑了麝香鼠和鳟鱼。
It was one of those afternoons which seem indefinitely long before one, in which many events may happen, a large portion of our natural life, though it was already half spent when I started.
这是那些似乎无限期漫长的下午之一，其中可能发生许多事件，占我们自然生活的很大一部分，尽管当我开始时它已经度过了一半。
By the way there came up a shower, which compelled me to stand half an hour under a pine, piling boughs over my head, and wearing my handkerchief for a shed; and when at length I had made one cast over the pickerel-weed, standing up to my middle in water, I found myself suddenly in the shadow of a cloud, and the thunder began to rumble with such emphasis that I could do no more than listen to it.
顺便说一句，下起了倾盆大雨，我不得不在一棵松树下站了半个小时，把树枝堆在头上，还用手帕搭了个棚子。当我终于在梭鱼草上投下一个投掷物，站在水里，直到我的中间时，我突然发现自己处于云的阴影中，雷声开始隆隆作响，以至于我除了听之外什么也做不了。
The gods must be proud, thought I, with such forked flashes to rout a poor unarmed fisherman.
我想，众神一定很自豪，能用如此叉状的闪光击溃一个可怜的手无寸铁的渔夫。
So I made haste for shelter to the nearest hut, which stood half a mile from any road, but so much the nearer to the pond, and had long been uninhabited:—
于是我赶紧跑到最近的小屋避难，这座小屋距离任何道路都有半英里，但离池塘更近，而且早已无人居住：——
“And here a poet builded, In the completed years, For behold a trivial cabin That to destruction steers.”
“一位诗人在这里建造了，在结束的岁月里，因为看到一个平凡的小屋，它走向毁灭。”
So the Muse fables.
所以缪斯寓言。
But therein, as I found, dwelt now John Field, an Irishman, and his wife, and several children, from the broad-faced boy who assisted his father at his work, and now came running by his side from the bog to escape the rain, to the wrinkled, sibyl-like, cone-headed infant that sat upon its father’s knee as in the palaces of nobles, and looked out from its home in the midst of wet and hunger inquisitively upon the stranger, with the privilege of infancy, not knowing but it was the last of a noble line, and the hope and cynosure of the world, instead of John Field’s poor starveling brat.
但据我发现，里面现在住着爱尔兰人约翰·菲尔德和他的妻子，还有几个孩子，从那个协助父亲干活的宽脸男孩，现在从沼泽地跑到他身边避雨，到那个像在贵族宫殿里一样坐在父亲膝盖上的满脸皱纹、女巫般的圆锥头婴儿，在潮湿和饥饿的环境下，从家里好奇地望着外面的天空。陌生人，享有婴儿期的特权，不知道但这是一个高贵血统的最后一个，是世界的希望和目光，而不是约翰·菲尔德那个可怜的挨饿的孩子。
There we sat together under that part of the roof which leaked the least, while it showered and thundered without.
我们一起坐在屋顶漏水最少的部分下，而外面却下着倾盆大雨，雷声大作。
I had sat there many times of old before the ship was built that floated his family to America.
在他的家人漂流到美国的船建成之前，我曾多次坐在那里。
An honest, hard-working, but shiftless man plainly was John Field; and his wife, she too was brave to cook so many successive dinners in the recesses of that lofty stove; with round greasy face and bare breast, still thinking to improve her condition one day; with the never absent mop in one hand, and yet no effects of it visible anywhere.
约翰·菲尔德显然是一个诚实、勤奋但无能的人。他的妻子也勇敢地在那个高高的炉子的深处连续做了很多顿晚餐。圆圆的油腻的脸，裸露的胸部，仍然想着有一天能改善她的状况；一只手拿着从未缺席的拖把，但在任何地方都看不到它的效果。
The chickens, which had also taken shelter here from the rain, stalked about the room like members of the family, too humanized methought to roast well.
鸡们也在这里避雨，像家人一样在房间里走来走去，太人性化了，烤不好。
They stood and looked in my eye or pecked at my shoe significantly.
他们站着看着我的眼睛，或者意味深长地啄我的鞋子。
Meanwhile my host told me his story, how hard he worked “bogging” for a neighboring farmer, turning up a meadow with a spade or bog hoe at the rate of ten dollars an acre and the use of the land with manure for one year, and his little broad-faced son worked cheerfully at his father’s side the while, not knowing how poor a bargain the latter had made.
与此同时，我的主人向我讲述了他的故事，他为附近的一个农民“挖沼泽”是多么辛苦，用铁锹或沼泽锄头以每英亩十美元的价格挖出一块草地，并使用带有肥料的土地一年，而他那张宽脸的小儿子则在父亲身边快乐地干活，不知道父亲赚了多少钱。
I tried to help him with my experience, telling him that he was one of my nearest neighbors, and that I too, who came a-fishing here, and looked like a loafer, was getting my living like himself; that I lived in a tight, light, and clean house, which hardly cost more than the annual rent of such a ruin as his commonly amounts to; and how, if he chose, he might in a month or two build himself a palace of his own; that I did not use tea, nor coffee, nor butter, nor milk, nor fresh meat, and so did not have to work to get them; again, as I did not work hard, I did not have to eat hard, and it cost me but a trifle for my food; but as he began with tea, and coffee, and butter, and milk, and beef, he had to work hard to pay for them, and when he had worked hard he had to eat hard again to repair the waste of his system,—and so it was as broad as it was long, indeed it was broader than it was long, for he was discontented and wasted his life into the bargain; and yet he had rated it as a gain in coming to America, that here you could get tea, and coffee, and meat every day.
我试图用我的经验帮助他，告诉他他是我最近的邻居之一，而我也是来这里钓鱼的，看起来像个无赖者，也像他一样谋生；我住在一所紧凑、明亮、干净的房子里，它的费用几乎不比他通常所承受的废墟的年租金高；如果他愿意的话，他如何在一两个月内为自己建造一座自己的宫殿？我不使用茶、咖啡、黄油、牛奶或新鲜肉，因此不需要工作来获得它们；再说一次，因为我不努力工作，所以我不必吃太多东西，而且我的食物花费也只是一点点。但当他开始喝茶、咖啡、黄油、牛奶和牛肉时，他必须努力工作才能支付这些费用，而当他努力工作后，他必须再次努力吃东西以修复他的系统的浪费，所以它与它的长度一样广泛，事实上它比它的长度更广泛，因为他不满意并在讨价还价中浪费了他的生命；但他认为来到美国是一种收获，在这里你每天都能喝到茶、咖啡和肉。
But the only true America is that country where you are at liberty to pursue such a mode of life as may enable you to do without these, and where the state does not endeavor to compel you to sustain the slavery and war and other superfluous expenses which directly or indirectly result from the use of such things.
但唯一真正的美国是这样一个国家，在那里你可以自由地追求一种生活方式，让你可以不需要这些，并且国家不会努力强迫你维持奴隶制和战争以及其他直接或间接因使用这些东西而导致的多余开支。
For I purposely talked to him as if he were a philosopher, or desired to be one.
因为我故意和他交谈，就好像他是一位哲学家，或者希望成为一位哲学家一样。
I should be glad if all the meadows on the earth were left in a wild state, if that were the consequence of men’s beginning to redeem themselves.
如果地球上所有的草地都处于荒野状态，如果这是人类开始自我救赎的结果，我会很高兴。
A man will not need to study history to find out what is best for his own culture.
一个人不需要研究历史来找出最适合他自己文化的东西。
But alas!
但唉！
the culture of an Irishman is an enterprise to be undertaken with a sort of moral bog hoe.
爱尔兰人的文化是一项需要用道德锄头来承担的事业。
I told him, that as he worked so hard at bogging, he required thick boots and stout clothing, which yet were soon soiled and worn out, but I wore light shoes and thin clothing, which cost not half so much, though he might think that I was dressed like a gentleman, (which, however, was not the case,) and in an hour or two, without labor, but as a recreation, I could, if I wished, catch as many fish as I should want for two days, or earn enough money to support me a week.
我告诉他，由于他在沼泽地里干得很辛苦，他需要厚靴子和厚衣服，但很快就又脏又破，而我穿的是轻鞋和薄衣服，价格不到一半，尽管他可能认为我穿得像个绅士（然而事实并非如此），在一两个小时内，不劳力，但作为一种消遣，如果我愿意，我可以钓两天的鱼，或者赚足够的钱养活我一个人。一周。
If he and his family would live simply, they might all go a-huckleberrying in the summer for their amusement.
如果他和他的家人生活简单的话，他们可能会在夏天去采越橘来消遣。
John heaved a sigh at this, and his wife stared with arms a-kimbo, and both appeared to be wondering if they had capital enough to begin such a course with, or arithmetic enough to carry it through.
约翰叹了口气，他的妻子双手叉腰地盯着，两人似乎都在想，他们是否有足够的资金来开始这样的课程，或者算术是否足够来完成它。
It was sailing by dead reckoning to them, and they saw not clearly how to make their port so; therefore I suppose they still take life bravely, after their fashion, face to face, giving it tooth and nail, not having skill to split its massive columns with any fine entering wedge, and rout it in detail;—thinking to deal with it roughly, as one should handle a thistle.
对他们来说，这艘船是靠航位推算航行的，但他们并不清楚如何让他们的港口如此。因此，我想他们仍然勇敢地对待生活，按照他们的方式，面对面，竭尽全力，没有技巧用任何细小的楔子劈开它巨大的柱子，并详细地击溃它；——想粗暴地对待它，就像人们应该对待一棵蓟一样。
But they fight at an overwhelming disadvantage,—living, John Field, alas!
但他们在战斗中处于压倒性的劣势——活着，约翰·菲尔德，唉！
without arithmetic, and failing so.
没有算术，而且失败了。
“Do you ever fish?” I asked.
“你钓鱼吗？”我问。
“Oh yes, I catch a mess now and then when I am lying by; good perch I catch.” “What’s your bait?” “I catch shiners with fish-worms, and bait the perch with them.” “You’d better go now, John,” said his wife, with glistening and hopeful face; but John demurred.
“哦，是的，当我躺在附近的时候，我时不时会钓到一些乱七八糟的东西；我钓到的是好鲈鱼。” “你的诱饵是什么？” “我用鱼虫捕捉闪光鱼，并用它们作为鲈鱼的诱饵。” “你最好现在就走，约翰，”他的妻子说道，脸上闪闪发光，满怀希望。但约翰表示反对。
The shower was now over, and a rainbow above the eastern woods promised a fair evening; so I took my departure.
阵雨已经结束，东部树林上空出现一道彩虹，预示着一个美好的夜晚。于是我就离开了。
When I had got without I asked for a drink, hoping to get a sight of the well bottom, to complete my survey of the premises; but there, alas!
当我离开时，我要了一杯饮料，希望能看到井底，以完成对房屋的勘察。但是，唉！
are shallows and quicksands, and rope broken withal, and bucket irrecoverable.
是浅滩和流沙，绳索断裂，水桶无法恢复。
Meanwhile the right culinary vessel was selected, water was seemingly distilled, and after consultation and long delay passed out to the thirsty one,—not yet suffered to cool, not yet to settle.
与此同时，选择了合适的烹饪容器，水似乎是蒸馏过的，经过咨询和长时间的延迟后，传给口渴的人——尚未冷却，尚未安定。
Such gruel sustains life here, I thought; so, shutting my eyes, and excluding the motes by a skilfully directed under-current, I drank to genuine hospitality the heartiest draught I could.
我想，正是这种稀粥维持了这里的生命；于是，我闭上眼睛，用巧妙的暗流排除灰尘，尽我所能地喝着真诚的款待。
I am not squeamish in such cases when manners are concerned.
当涉及到礼仪时，我在这种情况下并不感到拘谨。
As I was leaving the Irishman’s roof after the rain, bending my steps again to the pond, my haste to catch pickerel, wading in retired meadows, in sloughs and bog-holes, in forlorn and savage places, appeared for an instant trivial to me who had been sent to school and college; but as I ran down the hill toward the reddening west, with the rainbow over my shoulder, and some faint tinkling sounds borne to my ear through the cleansed air, from I know not what quarter, my Good Genius seemed to say,—Go fish and hunt far and wide day by day,—farther and wider,—and rest thee by many brooks and hearth-sides without misgiving.
雨后，当我离开爱尔兰人的屋顶，再次弯下脚步走向池塘时，我急于抓梭鱼，在荒凉的草地、沼泽和沼泽、荒凉和荒凉的地方涉水，对我这个已经被送进学校和大学的人来说，瞬间显得微不足道；但当我跑下山坡，奔向泛红的西边，彩虹在我的肩上，净化的空气中传来一些微弱的丁当声，不知从哪个地方传来，我的天才似乎在说：——日复一日地去远方钓鱼、打猎——越来越远，越来越宽——然后毫无疑虑地在许多小溪和炉边休息。
Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth.
在你年轻的时候记住你的创造者。
Rise free from care before the dawn, and seek adventures.
黎明前无忧无虑地起床，去寻求冒险。
Let the noon find thee by other lakes, and the night overtake thee everywhere at home.
让正午在其他湖泊边找到你，让夜晚在家里到处追随你。
There are no larger fields than these, no worthier games than may here be played.
没有比这里更大的场地，没有比这里更有价值的比赛了。
Grow wild according to thy nature, like these sedges and brakes, which will never become English hay.
按照你的本性疯狂生长，就像这些莎草和蕨类植物，它们永远不会成为英国干草。
Let the thunder rumble; what if it threaten ruin to farmers’ crops?
让雷声隆隆；如果它威胁到农民的庄稼怎么办？
that is not its errand to thee.
那不是它给你的任务。
Take shelter under the cloud, while they flee to carts and sheds.
当他们逃到马车和棚屋时，躲在云下。
Let not to get a living be thy trade, but thy sport.
不要让谋生成为你的职业，而是你的运动。
Enjoy the land, but own it not.
享受这片土地，但不拥有它。
Through want of enterprise and faith men are where they are, buying and selling, and spending their lives like serfs.
由于缺乏进取心和信仰，人们就在原地踏步，买卖，像农奴一样过着自己的生活。
O Baker Farm!
贝克农场啊！
“Landscape where the richest element Is a little sunshine innocent.” * *
“风景里最丰富的元素是一点阳光纯真。” **
“No one runs to revel On thy rail-fenced lea.” * *
“没有人跑去狂欢在你的铁栅栏上。” **
“Debate with no man hast thou, With questions art never perplexed, As tame at the first sight as now, In thy plain russet gabardine dressed.” * *
“你没有与人辩论，问题从来没有困惑过，乍一看像现在一样驯服，穿着你朴素的黄褐色华达呢衣服。” **
“Come ye who love, And ye who hate, Children of the Holy Dove, And Guy Faux of the state, And hang conspiracies From the tough rafters of the trees!”
“来吧，你们这些爱的人，你们那些恨的人，神圣鸽子的孩子们，还有国家的假冒者，把阴谋挂在树的坚固的椽子上！”
Men come tamely home at night only from the next field or street, where their household echoes haunt, and their life pines because it breathes its own breath over again; their shadows morning and evening reach farther than their daily steps.
晚上，男人们只能从隔壁的田野或街道温顺地回家，那里有他们的家庭回声，他们的生活因再次呼吸自己的呼吸而枯萎。他们早晚的影子比他们日常的脚步更远。
We should come home from far, from adventures, and perils, and discoveries every day, with new experience and character.
我们应该从遥远的地方、每天的冒险、危险和发现中带着新的经验和品格回家。
Before I had reached the pond some fresh impulse had brought out John Field, with altered mind, letting go “bogging” ere this sunset.
在我到达池塘之前，某种新的冲动使约翰菲尔德改变了主意，在日落之前放开了“沼泽”。
But he, poor man, disturbed only a couple of fins while I was catching a fair string, and he said it was his luck; but when we changed seats in the boat luck changed seats too.
但他，可怜的人，当我抓住一根漂亮的绳子时，只惊动了几个鳍，他说这是他的运气；他说这是他的运气。但当我们在船上换座位时，运气也换了座位。
Poor John Field!—I trust he does not read this, unless he will improve by it,—thinking to live by some derivative old country mode in this primitive new country,—to catch perch with shiners.
可怜的约翰·菲尔德！——我相信他不会读这篇文章，除非他会通过它来改进，——想在这个原始的新国家里以某种衍生的旧乡村模式生活——去捕捉光辉的栖息地。
It is good bait sometimes, I allow.
我承认，有时这是很好的诱饵。
With his horizon all his own, yet he a poor man, born to be poor, with his inherited Irish poverty or poor life, his Adam’s grandmother and boggy ways, not to rise in this world, he nor his posterity, till their wading webbed bog-trotting feet get _talaria_ to their heels.
他拥有自己的地平线，但他是一个穷人，生来就是穷人，继承了爱尔兰的贫困或贫困的生活，他的亚当的祖母和沼泽的道路，他和他的子孙后代都无法在这个世界上崛起，直到他们涉水的蹼沼泽脚被_talaria_追上。
Higher Laws
高等法律
As I came home through the woods with my string of fish, trailing my pole, it being now quite dark, I caught a glimpse of a woodchuck stealing across my path, and felt a strange thrill of savage delight, and was strongly tempted to seize and devour him raw; not that I was hungry then, except for that wildness which he represented.
当我拖着鱼竿穿过树林回家时，天色已经很黑了，我瞥见一只土拨鼠偷偷地从我的路上偷偷溜过，我感到一种野性的喜悦带来的奇怪的兴奋，强烈地想要抓住并生吃它。那时我并不饿，只是因为他所代表的野性。
Once or twice, however, while I lived at the pond, I found myself ranging the woods, like a half-starved hound, with a strange abandonment, seeking some kind of venison which I might devour, and no morsel could have been too savage for me.
然而，有一两次，当我住在池塘边时，我发现自己在树林里走来走去，就像一只半饿的猎犬，带着一种奇怪的遗弃感，寻找某种我可以吃掉的鹿肉，对我来说，没有任何食物是太野蛮的。
The wildest scenes had become unaccountably familiar.
最疯狂的场景变得莫名其妙地熟悉。
I found in myself, and still find, an instinct toward a higher, or, as it is named, spiritual life, as do most men, and another toward a primitive rank and savage one, and I reverence them both.
我在自己身上发现了，现在仍然发现，像大多数人一样，有一种向更高的，或者顾名思义，精神生活的本能，还有一种向原始等级和野蛮生活的本能，我尊敬他们两者。
I love the wild not less than the good.
我对狂野的热爱不亚于对美好事物的热爱。
The wildness and adventure that are in fishing still recommended it to me.
钓鱼的野性和冒险仍然向我推荐。
I like sometimes to take rank hold on life and spend my day more as the animals do.
有时我喜欢严格控制生活，像动物一样度过每一天。
Perhaps I have owed to this employment and to hunting, when quite young, my closest acquaintance with Nature.
也许我要归功于这份工作，以及年轻时的狩猎，让我对大自然有了最亲密的了解。
They early introduce us to and detain us in scenery with which otherwise, at that age, we should have little acquaintance.
他们很早就向我们介绍并留住了我们，否则，在那个年纪，我们对这些风景应该不太熟悉。
Fishermen, hunters, woodchoppers, and others, spending their lives in the fields and woods, in a peculiar sense a part of Nature themselves, are often in a more favorable mood for observing her, in the intervals of their pursuits, than philosophers or poets even, who approach her with expectation.
渔夫、猎人、樵夫和其他人，在田野和树林中度过一生，从某种特殊的意义上说，他们本身就是自然的一部分，在他们的追求中，他们往往比带着期待接近自然的哲学家或诗人更愿意观察自然。
She is not afraid to exhibit herself to them.
她并不害怕向他们展示自己。
The traveller on the prairie is naturally a hunter, on the head waters of the Missouri and Columbia a trapper, and at the Falls of St. Mary a fisherman.
草原上的旅行者自然是猎人，在密苏里河和哥伦比亚河源头自然是捕猎者，而在圣玛丽瀑布则是渔夫。
He who is only a traveller learns things at second-hand and by the halves, and is poor authority.
如果一个人只是一个旅行者，他所学到的东西都是二手的、半途而废的，他是一个糟糕的权威。
We are most interested when science reports what those men already know practically or instinctively, for that alone is a true _humanity_, or account of human experience.
当科学报告那些人实际上或本能地已经知道的事情时，我们最感兴趣，因为只有这才是真正的“人性”，或对人类经验的描述。
They mistake who assert that the Yankee has few amusements, because he has not so many public holidays, and men and boys do not play so many games as they do in England, for here the more primitive but solitary amusements of hunting fishing and the like have not yet given place to the former.
他们错误地断言北方佬几乎没有什么娱乐活动，因为他们没有那么多的公共假期，男人和男孩不像在英格兰那样玩那么多游戏，因为在这里，狩猎、钓鱼等更原始但孤独的娱乐活动还没有让位于前者。
Almost every New England boy among my contemporaries shouldered a fowling piece between the ages of ten and fourteen; and his hunting and fishing grounds were not limited, like the preserves of an English nobleman, but were more boundless even than those of a savage.
与我同时代的几乎每个新英格兰男孩在十岁到十四岁之间都肩负着猎鸟的任务。他的狩猎场和捕鱼场不像英国贵族的领地那样受到限制，甚至比野蛮人的领地还要广阔。
No wonder, then, that he did not oftener stay to play on the common.
那么，难怪他不经常留下来在公地玩耍。
But already a change is taking place, owing, not to an increased humanity, but to an increased scarcity of game, for perhaps the hunter is the greatest friend of the animals hunted, not excepting the Humane Society.
但变化已经在发生，这不是因为人性的增加，而是因为猎物的日益稀缺，因为也许猎人是被猎杀的动物最好的朋友，人道协会也不例外。
Moreover, when at the pond, I wished sometimes to add fish to my fare for variety.
此外，在池塘边时，我有时希望在食物中添加鱼以增加多样性。
I have actually fished from the same kind of necessity that the first fishers did.
实际上，我钓鱼是出于与第一批渔民相同的需要。
Whatever humanity I might conjure up against it was all factitious, and concerned my philosophy more than my feelings.
无论我用什么样的人性来反对，那都是人为的，而且更多地关心我的哲学而不是我的感受。
I speak of fishing only now, for I had long felt differently about fowling, and sold my gun before I went to the woods.
我现在才谈到钓鱼，因为我早就对打鸟有了不同的感觉，在去树林之前就卖掉了我的枪。
Not that I am less humane than others, but I did not perceive that my feelings were much affected.
并不是说我比其他人更人性化，但我并没有意识到我的感情受到了太大影响。
I did not pity the fishes nor the worms.
我不怜悯鱼，也不怜悯虫。
This was habit.
这是习惯。
As for fowling, during the last years that I carried a gun my excuse was that I was studying ornithology, and sought only new or rare birds.
至于捕鸟，在我带枪的最后几年里，我的借口是我正在研究鸟类学，并且只寻找新的或稀有的鸟类。
But I confess that I am now inclined to think that there is a finer way of studying ornithology than this.
但我承认，我现在倾向于认为有比这更好的研究鸟类学的方法。
It requires so much closer attention to the habits of the birds, that, if for that reason only, I have been willing to omit the gun.
它需要更加密切地关注鸟类的习性，因此，如果仅出于这个原因，我愿意省略枪。
Yet notwithstanding the objection on the score of humanity, I am compelled to doubt if equally valuable sports are ever substituted for these; and when some of my friends have asked me anxiously about their boys, whether they should let them hunt, I have answered, yes,—remembering that it was one of the best parts of my education,—_make_ them hunters, though sportsmen only at first, if possible, mighty hunters at last, so that they shall not find game large enough for them in this or any vegetable wilderness,—hunters as well as fishers of men.
然而，尽管有人反对，我不得不怀疑同样有价值的体育运动是否可以取代这些运动；当我的一些朋友焦急地问我关于他们的孩子是否应该让他们打猎时，我回答说，是的，——记住这是我所受教育的最好的部分之一，——让他们成为猎人，尽管一开始只是运动员，如果可能的话，最后成为强大的猎人，这样他们就不会在这片或任何蔬菜荒野中找到足够大的猎物——猎人和人类的渔夫。
Thus far I am of the opinion of Chaucer’s nun, who
到目前为止，我的观点是乔叟的修女，她
“yave not of the text a pulled hen That saith that hunters ben not holy men.”
“文中没有提到一只被拉的母鸡，它说猎人本不是圣人。”
There is a period in the history of the individual, as of the race, when the hunters are the “best men,” as the Algonquins called them.
在个人历史和种族历史中，有一个时期，猎人是阿尔冈昆人所说的“最好的人”。
We cannot but pity the boy who has never fired a gun; he is no more humane, while his education has been sadly neglected.
我们不能不怜悯这个从未开过枪的男孩；他不再是人道的人，而他的教育却被可悲地忽视了。
This was my answer with respect to those youths who were bent on this pursuit, trusting that they would soon outgrow it.
这是我对那些热衷于这种追求、相信自己很快就会摆脱这种追求的年轻人的回答。
No humane being, past the thoughtless age of boyhood, will wantonly murder any creature which holds its life by the same tenure that he does.
没有一个仁慈的人在度过了无思想的童年时代后，会肆意谋杀任何与他拥有同样生命权的生物。
The hare in its extremity cries like a child.
兔子在它的四肢上哭得像个孩子。
I warn you, mothers, that my sympathies do not always make the usual phil-_anthropic_ distinctions.
母亲们，我警告你们，我的同情心并不总是做出通常的慈善区分。
Such is oftenest the young man’s introduction to the forest, and the most original part of himself.
这通常是年轻人对森林的介绍，也是他自己最原始的部分。
He goes thither at first as a hunter and fisher, until at last, if he has the seeds of a better life in him, he distinguishes his proper objects, as a poet or naturalist it may be, and leaves the gun and fish-pole behind.
他一开始以猎人和渔夫的身份去那里，直到最后，如果他内心有更好生活的种子，他就会像诗人或博物学家那样区分出自己合适的目标，然后把枪和鱼竿抛在身后。
The mass of men are still and always young in this respect.
在这方面，大多数男人仍然年轻。
In some countries a hunting parson is no uncommon sight.
在一些国家，狩猎牧师并不罕见。
Such a one might make a good shepherd’s dog, but is far from being the Good Shepherd.
这样的狗可能会成为一只好牧羊犬，但还远远不是好牧羊犬。
I have been surprised to consider that the only obvious employment, except wood-chopping, ice-cutting, or the like business, which ever to my knowledge detained at Walden Pond for a whole half day any of my fellow-citizens, whether fathers or children of the town, with just one exception, was fishing.
我很惊讶地想到，除了砍柴、切冰或类似的工作之外，据我所知，我的同胞们，无论是镇上的父亲还是孩子，除了一个例外，唯一明显的工作就是钓鱼，据我所知，这些工作在瓦尔登湖滞留了整整半天。
Commonly they did not think that they were lucky, or well paid for their time, unless they got a long string of fish, though they had the opportunity of seeing the pond all the while.
尽管他们有机会一直看到池塘，但通常他们并不认为自己很幸运，也不认为自己的时间得到了丰厚的报酬，除非他们得到了一长串鱼。
They might go there a thousand times before the sediment of fishing would sink to the bottom and leave their purpose pure; but no doubt such a clarifying process would be going on all the while.
他们可能会去那里一千次，直到捕鱼的沉积物沉入海底，他们的目的才变得纯粹。但毫无疑问，这样的澄清过程将一直持续下去。
The governor and his council faintly remember the pond, for they went a-fishing there when they were boys; but now they are too old and dignified to go a-fishing, and so they know it no more forever.
总督和他的议会依稀记得那个池塘，因为他们小时候曾去那里钓鱼。但现在他们已经老了，也不再有尊严了，不能再去钓鱼了，所以他们永远不再知道这一点了。
Yet even they expect to go to heaven at last.
但即便如此，他们也希望最终能去天堂。
If the legislature regards it, it is chiefly to regulate the number of hooks to be used there; but they know nothing about the hook of hooks with which to angle for the pond itself, impaling the legislature for a bait.
如果立法机关考虑的话，主要是规定该处使用的钩子的数量；但他们对如何用钩子钩住池塘本身、刺穿立法机关作为诱饵一无所知。
Thus, even in civilized communities, the embryo man passes through the hunter stage of development.
因此，即使在文明社会，人类胚胎也会经历猎人的发展阶段。
I have found repeatedly, of late years, that I cannot fish without falling a little in self-respect.
近年来，我一再发现，如果我钓鱼的话，自尊心就会受到一点点的下降。
I have tried it again and again.
我已经尝试了一次又一次。
I have skill at it, and, like many of my fellows, a certain instinct for it, which revives from time to time, but always when I have done I feel that it would have been better if I had not fished.
我有这方面的技巧，并且像我的许多同伴一样，有某种本能，这种本能时不时地会出现，但当我这样做时，我总是觉得如果我没有钓鱼会更好。
I think that I do not mistake.
我想我没有弄错。
It is a faint intimation, yet so are the first streaks of morning.
这是一种微弱的暗示，但清晨的第一缕曙光也是如此。
There is unquestionably this instinct in me which belongs to the lower orders of creation; yet with every year I am less a fisherman, though without more humanity or even wisdom; at present I am no fisherman at all.
毫无疑问，我身上有这种属于低等造物的本能。然而，随着时间的推移，我不再是一个渔夫，尽管不再有更多的人性，甚至智慧。目前我根本不是渔民。
But I see that if I were to live in a wilderness I should again be tempted to become a fisher and hunter in earnest.
但我发现，如果我生活在荒野中，我会再次受到诱惑，认真地成为一名渔夫和猎人。
Beside, there is something essentially unclean about this diet and all flesh, and I began to see where housework commences, and whence the endeavor, which costs so much, to wear a tidy and respectable appearance each day, to keep the house sweet and free from all ill odors and sights.
此外，这种饮食和所有的肉类本质上都是不洁的，我开始明白家务劳动从哪里开始，以及每天花费如此多的努力来保持整洁和受人尊敬的外表，让房子保持甜蜜，没有任何难闻的气味和景象。
Having been my own butcher and scullion and cook, as well as the gentleman for whom the dishes were served up, I can speak from an unusually complete experience.
作为我自己的屠夫、仆人和厨师，以及为我上菜的绅士，我可以从一次异常完整的经历中讲述。
The practical objection to animal food in my case was its uncleanness; and, besides, when I had caught and cleaned and cooked and eaten my fish, they seemed not to have fed me essentially.
就我而言，对动物食品的实际反对意见是它不干净。而且，此外，当我抓到、清洗、煮熟并吃掉我的鱼时，它们似乎并没有本质上喂养我。
It was insignificant and unnecessary, and cost more than it came to.
这是微不足道的、不必要的，而且成本也比实际要高。
A little bread or a few potatoes would have done as well, with less trouble and filth.
一点面包或几个土豆就可以了，这样就可以减少麻烦和污秽。
Like many of my contemporaries, I had rarely for many years used animal food, or tea, or coffee, &c.; not so much because of any ill effects which I had traced to them, as because they were not agreeable to my imagination.
像我的许多同时代人一样，我多年来很少使用动物食品、茶或咖啡等；与其说是因为我发现它们有任何不良影响，不如说是因为它们不符合我的想象。
The repugnance to animal food is not the effect of experience, but is an instinct.
对动物性食物的厌恶不是经验的结果，而是一种本能。
It appeared more beautiful to live low and fare hard in many respects; and though I never did so, I went far enough to please my imagination.
在许多方面，生活低贱、生活艰苦似乎更美好。尽管我从未这样做过，但我已经走得足够远，足以满足我的想象力。
I believe that every man who has ever been earnest to preserve his higher or poetic faculties in the best condition has been particularly inclined to abstain from animal food, and from much food of any kind.
我相信，每一个热衷于将自己的高级能力或诗意能力保持在最佳状态的人都特别倾向于戒除动物性食物以及任何种类的食物。
It is a significant fact, stated by entomologists, I find it in Kirby and Spence, that “some insects in their perfect state, though furnished with organs of feeding, make no use of them;” and they lay it down as “a general rule, that almost all insects in this state eat much less than in that of larvæ.
昆虫学家指出，这是一个重要的事实，我在柯比和斯彭斯的著作中发现，“一些处于完美状态的昆虫，尽管具有摄食器官，但不会利用它们；”他们将其定为“一般规则，几乎所有处于这种状态的昆虫的食量都比幼虫时少得多。
The voracious caterpillar when transformed into a butterfly,” .
贪婪的毛毛虫变成了蝴蝶。”
.
。
“and the gluttonous maggot when become a fly,” content themselves with a drop or two of honey or some other sweet liquid.
“贪吃的蛆虫变成了苍蝇”，只要滴一两滴蜂蜜或其他甜的液体就可以了。
The abdomen under the wings of the butterfly still represents the larva.
蝴蝶翅膀下的腹部仍然代表着幼虫。
This is the tid-bit which tempts his insectivorous fate.
这就是引诱他食虫命运的一点小事。
The gross feeder is a man in the larva state; and there are whole nations in that condition, nations without fancy or imagination, whose vast abdomens betray them.
粗饲养者是处于幼虫状态的男性；整个国家都处于这种状况，没有幻想或想象力的国家，其巨大的腹部暴露了他们。
It is hard to provide and cook so simple and clean a diet as will not offend the imagination; but this, I think, is to be fed when we feed the body; they should both sit down at the same table.
很难提供和烹饪如此简单和干净的饮食，不会冒犯想象力；但我认为，当我们喂养身体时，我们也要喂养它；他们应该坐在同一张桌子上。
Yet perhaps this may be done.
但也许这可以做到。
The fruits eaten temperately need not make us ashamed of our appetites, nor interrupt the worthiest pursuits.
有节制地吃水果并不会使我们因食欲而感到羞耻，也不会使我们中断最有价值的追求。
But put an extra condiment into your dish, and it will poison you.
但在你的菜里多放一些调味品，它就会毒害你。
It is not worth the while to live by rich cookery.
靠丰富的烹饪来生活是不值得的。
Most men would feel shame if caught preparing with their own hands precisely such a dinner, whether of animal or vegetable food, as is every day prepared for them by others.
如果被发现亲手准备这样的晚餐，无论是动物性食物还是植物性食物，就像别人每天为他们准备的那样，大多数男人都会感到羞耻。
Yet till this is otherwise we are not civilized, and, if gentlemen and ladies, are not true men and women.
然而，除非情况如此，否则我们就不是文明的，而且，如果是先生们和女士们的话，我们就不是真正的男人和女人。
This certainly suggests what change is to be made.
这无疑表明了要做出哪些改变。
It may be vain to ask why the imagination will not be reconciled to flesh and fat.
追问为什么想象力不甘于肉体和脂肪可能是徒劳的。
I am satisfied that it is not.
我很满意事实并非如此。
Is it not a reproach that man is a carnivorous animal?
人是肉食动物，这不是一种耻辱吗？
True, he can and does live, in a great measure, by preying on other animals; but this is a miserable way,—as any one who will go to snaring rabbits, or slaughtering lambs, may learn,—and he will be regarded as a benefactor of his race who shall teach man to confine himself to a more innocent and wholesome diet.
确实，他可以而且确实在很大程度上靠捕食其他动物来生存。但这是一种悲惨的方式，正如任何一个去捕兔子或宰杀羔羊的人可能会学到的那样，他将被视为他的种族的恩人，他将教导人类限制自己的饮食更加纯真和健康。
Whatever my own practice may be, I have no doubt that it is a part of the destiny of the human race, in its gradual improvement, to leave off eating animals, as surely as the savage tribes have left off eating each other when they came in contact with the more civilized.
无论我自己的做法是什么，我毫不怀疑，在逐渐进步的过程中，人类命运的一部分是停止吃动物，就像野蛮部落在与更文明的人接触时停止互相残杀一样。
If one listens to the faintest but constant suggestions of his genius, which are certainly true, he sees not to what extremes, or even insanity, it may lead him; and yet that way, as he grows more resolute and faithful, his road lies.
如果一个人听从他的天才的最微弱但不断的暗示，这当然是正确的，他不会看到这可能会导致他走向何等极端，甚至疯狂；然而，随着他变得更加坚定和忠诚，他的道路就在那里。
The faintest assured objection which one healthy man feels will at length prevail over the arguments and customs of mankind.
一个健康的人所感受到的最微弱的肯定的反对意见最终将战胜人类的争论和习俗。
No man ever followed his genius till it misled him.
没有人会追随他的天才，除非他的天才误导了他。
Though the result were bodily weakness, yet perhaps no one can say that the consequences were to be regretted, for these were a life in conformity to higher principles.
虽然结果是身体虚弱，但也许没有人会说这个后果是遗憾的，因为这是一种符合更高原则的生活。
If the day and the night are such that you greet them with joy, and life emits a fragrance like flowers and sweet-scented herbs, is more elastic, more starry, more immortal,—that is your success.
如果白天和黑夜让你欣喜地迎接，生命散发出花草般的芬芳，更有弹性，更璀璨，更不朽，那就是你的成功。
All nature is your congratulation, and you have cause momentarily to bless yourself.
整个大自然都在祝贺你，你有理由暂时祝福自己。
The greatest gains and values are farthest from being appreciated.
最大的收获和价值是最不被欣赏的。
We easily come to doubt if they exist.
我们很容易怀疑它们是否存在。
We soon forget them.
我们很快就会忘记他们。
They are the highest reality.
它们是最高的现实。
Perhaps the facts most astounding and most real are never communicated by man to man.
也许最令人震惊和最真实的事实从来都不是人与人之间交流的。
The true harvest of my daily life is somewhat as intangible and indescribable as the tints of morning or evening.
日常生活中真正的收获，有些像朝霞暮色一样，是无形的、难以形容的。
It is a little star-dust caught, a segment of the rainbow which I have clutched.
它是一点星尘，是我抓住的彩虹的一部分。
Yet, for my part, I was never unusually squeamish; I could sometimes eat a fried rat with a good relish, if it were necessary.
然而，就我而言，我从来没有异常娇气。如果有必要的话，有时我可以津津有味地吃一只炸老鼠。
I am glad to have drunk water so long, for the same reason that I prefer the natural sky to an opium-eater’s heaven.
我很高兴喝了这么久的水，就像我更喜欢自然的天空而不是吸食鸦片的天堂一样。
I would fain keep sober always; and there are infinite degrees of drunkenness.
我希望永远保持清醒；而且醉酒的程度是无限的。
I believe that water is the only drink for a wise man; wine is not so noble a liquor; and think of dashing the hopes of a morning with a cup of warm coffee, or of an evening with a dish of tea!
我相信水是智者唯一的饮料；葡萄酒并不是那么高贵的酒；想象一下用一杯热咖啡打破早晨的希望，或者用一盘茶打破夜晚的希望！
Ah, how low I fall when I am tempted by them!
啊，当我受到它们的诱惑时，我是多么堕落啊！
Even music may be intoxicating.
甚至音乐也可能令人陶醉。
Such apparently slight causes destroyed Greece and Rome, and will destroy England and America.
这些看似微不足道的原因摧毁了希腊和罗马，也将摧毁英国和美国。
Of all ebriosity, who does not prefer to be intoxicated by the air he breathes?
在所有的热情之中，谁不喜欢陶醉在自己呼吸的空气中呢？
I have found it to be the most serious objection to coarse labors long continued, that they compelled me to eat and drink coarsely also.
我发现，长期以来对粗俗劳动的最严重反对是，它们还迫使我粗俗地吃喝。
But to tell the truth, I find myself at present somewhat less particular in these respects.
但说实话，我发现自己目前在这些方面还不太讲究。
I carry less religion to the table, ask no blessing; not because I am wiser than I was, but, I am obliged to confess, because, however much it is to be regretted, with years I have grown more coarse and indifferent.
我在餐桌上很少携带宗教信仰，也不祈求祝福；并不是因为我比以前更聪明，而是，我不得不承认，因为，无论多么令人遗憾，随着岁月的流逝，我变得更加粗鲁和冷漠。
Perhaps these questions are entertained only in youth, as most believe of poetry.
也许这些问题只有在年轻时才会被考虑，就像大多数人对诗歌的看法一样。
My practice is “nowhere,” my opinion is here.
我的实践是“无处”，我的观点就在这里。
Nevertheless I am far from regarding myself as one of those privileged ones to whom the Ved refers when it says, that “he who has true faith in the Omnipresent Supreme Being may eat all that exists,” that is, is not bound to inquire what is his food, or who prepares it; and even in their case it is to be observed, as a Hindoo commentator has remarked, that the Vedant limits this privilege to “the time of distress.”
然而，我远不认为自己是《吠陀经》所指的那些特权者之一，当它说“对无所不在的至高无上者有真正的信仰的人可以吃一切存在的东西”时，也就是说，没有义务询问他的食物是什么，或者是谁准备的;即使在他们的情况下，正如一位印度评论家所说，吠檀多将这种特权限制在“危难时期”。
Who has not sometimes derived an inexpressible satisfaction from his food in which appetite had no share?
谁不曾有时从他的食物中获得一种难以言喻的满足感，而食欲却无从享受呢？
I have been thrilled to think that I owed a mental perception to the commonly gross sense of taste, that I have been inspired through the palate, that some berries which I had eaten on a hill-side had fed my genius.
我很高兴地想到，我的精神感知归功于通常粗俗的味觉，我是通过味觉受到启发的，我在山坡上吃过的一些浆果滋养了我的天才。
“The soul not being mistress of herself,” says Thseng-tseu, “one looks, and one does not see; one listens, and one does not hear; one eats, and one does not know the savor of food.” He who distinguishes the true savor of his food can never be a glutton; he who does not cannot be otherwise.
升子说：“灵魂不主宰自己，一视而不见，一听而不闻，一食而不知其味。”能辨出食物真味的人，决不会是贪吃者；不这样做的人就不可能是别的样子。
A puritan may go to his brown-bread crust with as gross an appetite as ever an alderman to his turtle.
清教徒吃黑面包皮的胃口可能就像市议员吃乌龟的胃口一样大。
Not that food which entereth into the mouth defileth a man, but the appetite with which it is eaten.
污秽人的不是进入口中的食物，而是吃食物的食欲。
It is neither the quality nor the quantity, but the devotion to sensual savors; when that which is eaten is not a viand to sustain our animal, or inspire our spiritual life, but food for the worms that possess us.
它既不是质量，也不是数量，而是对感官享受的热爱；当我们吃的东西不是维持我们动物的食物，也不是激发我们精神生活的食物，而是我们身上的蠕虫的食物时。
If the hunter has a taste for mud-turtles, muskrats, and other such savage tid-bits, the fine lady indulges a taste for jelly made of a calf’s foot, or for sardines from over the sea, and they are even.
如果猎人喜欢吃泥龟、麝香鼠和其他类似的野生动物，那么这位优雅的女士则喜欢吃小牛脚制成的果冻，或者来自海上的沙丁鱼，它们是均匀的。
He goes to the mill-pond, she to her preserve-pot.
他去磨坊池塘，她去她的保存罐。
The wonder is how they, how you and I, can live this slimy, beastly life, eating and drinking.
令人惊奇的是他们，你和我，如何能过着这种黏糊糊的、野兽般的生活，吃吃喝喝。
Our whole life is startlingly moral.
我们的整个生活都是惊人的道德。
There is never an instant’s truce between virtue and vice.
美德与罪恶之间从来没有一刻休战。
Goodness is the only investment that never fails.
善良是唯一永不失败的投资。
In the music of the harp which trembles round the world it is the insisting on this which thrills us.
在震动全世界的竖琴音乐中，正是对这一点的坚持才让我们激动不已。
The harp is the travelling patterer for the Universe’s Insurance Company, recommending its laws, and our little goodness is all the assessment that we pay.
竖琴是宇宙保险公司的旅行喋喋不休的人，推荐它的法律，而我们的小善行就是我们支付的所有评估。
Though the youth at last grows indifferent, the laws of the universe are not indifferent, but are forever on the side of the most sensitive.
虽然少年最终变得冷漠，但宇宙的法则并非冷漠，而是永远站在最敏感的一边。
Listen to every zephyr for some reproof, for it is surely there, and he is unfortunate who does not hear it.
倾听每一次和风的声音，寻找一些责备，因为它确实在那里，而没有听到它的人是不幸的。
We cannot touch a string or move a stop but the charming moral transfixes us.
我们无法触动一根弦，也无法移动一个音栓，但迷人的寓意却让我们着迷。
Many an irksome noise, go a long way off, is heard as music, a proud sweet satire on the meanness of our lives.
许多令人厌烦的噪音，传得很远，听起来就像音乐，是对我们生活的卑鄙的骄傲而甜蜜的讽刺。
We are conscious of an animal in us, which awakens in proportion as our higher nature slumbers.
我们意识到我们体内有一种动物，当我们的高级本性沉睡时，它就会觉醒。
It is reptile and sensual, and perhaps cannot be wholly expelled; like the worms which, even in life and health, occupy our bodies.
它是爬行动物和感性的，也许无法完全驱逐；就像蠕虫一样，即使在生命和健康的情况下，它们也会占据我们的身体。
Possibly we may withdraw from it, but never change its nature.
也许我们可以退出它，但永远不会改变它的本质。
I fear that it may enjoy a certain health of its own; that we may be well, yet not pure.
我担心它可能会享有一定的健康状况；使我们可以健康，但不纯洁。
The other day I picked up the lower jaw of a hog, with white and sound teeth and tusks, which suggested that there was an animal health and vigor distinct from the spiritual.
有一天，我捡到了一头猪的下颌，它有洁白而健全的牙齿和獠牙，这表明这里有一种与精神截然不同的动物健康和活力。
This creature succeeded by other means than temperance and purity.
这个生物通过节制和纯洁以外的其他方式取得了成功。
“That in which men differ from brute beasts,” says Mencius, “is a thing very inconsiderable; the common herd lose it very soon; superior men preserve it carefully.” Who knows what sort of life would result if we had attained to purity?
孟子说：“人与畜生之异，是微乎其微的事，百姓很快就会失去它，君子却小心翼翼地保存它。”谁知道如果我们达到清净，会带来什么样的生活呢？
If I knew so wise a man as could teach me purity I would go to seek him forthwith.
如果我认识一个如此聪明的人，能够教导我纯洁，我会立即去找他。
“A command over our passions, and over the external senses of the body, and good acts, are declared by the Ved to be indispensable in the mind’s approximation to God.” Yet the spirit can for the time pervade and control every member and function of the body, and transmute what in form is the grossest sensuality into purity and devotion.
“《吠陀经》宣称，控制我们的激情、控制身体的外在感官以及良好的行为是心灵接近上帝所不可或缺的。”然而，精神暂时可以渗透和控制身体的每一个肢体和功能，并将形式上最粗俗的肉欲转化为纯洁和奉献。
The generative energy, which, when we are loose, dissipates and makes us unclean, when we are continent invigorates and inspires us.
当我们放松时，生成的能量会消散并使我们变得不洁，而当我们克制时，它会充满活力并激励我们。
Chastity is the flowering of man; and what are called Genius, Heroism, Holiness, and the like, are but various fruits which succeed it.
贞洁是人的绽放；所谓的天才、英雄主义、圣洁等等，不过是随之而来的各种果实。
Man flows at once to God when the channel of purity is open.
当纯洁的通道打开时，人立即流向上帝。
By turns our purity inspires and our impurity casts us down.
我们的纯洁有时会鼓舞我们，而我们的不纯洁有时会使我们沮丧。
He is blessed who is assured that the animal is dying out in him day by day, and the divine being established.
确信他身上的动物性日复一日地消亡，神性的存在得以建立的人是有福的。
Perhaps there is none but has cause for shame on account of the inferior and brutish nature to which he is allied.
或许没有人会因为他所隶属的低劣和野蛮本性而感到羞耻。
I fear that we are such gods or demigods only as fauns and satyrs, the divine allied to beasts, the creatures of appetite, and that, to some extent, our very life is our disgrace.—
我担心我们只是像农牧神和色狼那样的神或半神，是与野兽结盟的神，是食欲的生物，在某种程度上，我们的生活本身就是我们的耻辱。
“How happy’s he who hath due place assigned To his beasts and disafforested his mind!
“为他的野兽分配适当的位置并砍伐他的心灵的人是多么幸福啊！
* * * * * Can use this horse, goat, wolf, and ev’ry beast, And is not ass himself to all the rest!
* * * * * 可以使用这匹马、山羊、狼和每一种野兽，而不是对其他所有的动物感到厌恶！
Else man not only is the herd of swine, But he’s those devils too which did incline Them to a headlong rage, and made them worse.”
其他人不仅是一群猪，而且也是那些使他们勃然大怒、使他们变得更糟的魔鬼。”
All sensuality is one, though it takes many forms; all purity is one.
所有的肉欲都是一种，尽管它有多种形式；一切清净皆为一。
It is the same whether a man eat, or drink, or cohabit, or sleep sensually.
一个人无论吃、喝、同居、睡觉，都是一样的。
They are but one appetite, and we only need to see a person do any one of these things to know how great a sensualist he is.
它们只是一种欲望，我们只要看到一个人做了其中任何一件事情，就知道他是多么伟大的肉欲主义者。
The impure can neither stand nor sit with purity.
不纯洁者不能与纯洁者站立或坐着。
When the reptile is attacked at one mouth of his burrow, he shows himself at another.
当爬行动物在其洞穴的一个口受到攻击时，它会在另一个口出现。
If you would be chaste, you must be temperate.
如果你要贞洁，你就必须节制。
What is chastity?
什么是贞操？
How shall a man know if he is chaste?
一个人如何知道自己是否贞洁？
He shall not know it.
他不会知道的。
We have heard of this virtue, but we know not what it is.
我们听说过这种美德，但我们不知道它是什么。
We speak conformably to the rumor which we have heard.
我们所说的与我们听到的谣言相符。
From exertion come wisdom and purity; from sloth ignorance and sensuality.
精进产生智慧和清净；来自懒惰无知和感官享受。
In the student sensuality is a sluggish habit of mind.
对于学生来说，纵欲是一种迟钝的思维习惯。
An unclean person is universally a slothful one, one who sits by a stove, whom the sun shines on prostrate, who reposes without being fatigued.
不洁之人，一般都是懒惰的人，坐在火炉旁，日照伏地，休息不劳累的。
If you would avoid uncleanness, and all the sins, work earnestly, though it be at cleaning a stable.
如果你想避免不洁和所有的罪恶，就认真工作，即使是打扫马厩。
Nature is hard to be overcome, but she must be overcome.
自然很难被克服，但她必须被克服。
What avails it that you are Christian, if you are not purer than the heathen, if you deny yourself no more, if you are not more religious?
如果你不比异教徒更纯洁，如果你不再否定自己，如果你不更加虔诚，那么你是基督徒又有什么用呢？
I know of many systems of religion esteemed heathenish whose precepts fill the reader with shame, and provoke him to new endeavors, though it be to the performance of rites merely.
我知道许多被视为异教的宗教体系，其戒律让读者感到羞耻，并激发他做出新的努力，尽管这仅仅是为了履行仪式。
I hesitate to say these things, but it is not because of the subject,—I care not how obscene my _words_ are,—but because I cannot speak of them without betraying my impurity.
我犹豫是否要说这些话，但这并不是因为这个话题——我不在乎我的话语有多么下流——而是因为我无法在不暴露自己的不纯洁的情况下谈论它们。
We discourse freely without shame of one form of sensuality, and are silent about another.
我们毫无羞耻地自由地谈论一种形式的肉欲，而对另一种形式却保持沉默。
We are so degraded that we cannot speak simply of the necessary functions of human nature.
我们是如此堕落，以至于我们不能简单地谈论人性的必要功能。
In earlier ages, in some countries, every function was reverently spoken of and regulated by law.
在早期，在一些国家，每一项职能都受到法律的尊敬和监管。
Nothing was too trivial for the Hindoo lawgiver, however offensive it may be to modern taste.
对于印度立法者来说，没有什么是太微不足道的，无论它对现代人的品味来说有多么冒犯。
He teaches how to eat, drink, cohabit, void excrement and urine, and the like, elevating what is mean, and does not falsely excuse himself by calling these things trifles.
他教导饮食、同居、排泄大小便等，提升卑鄙之事，而不以小事为借口。
Every man is the builder of a temple, called his body, to the god he worships, after a style purely his own, nor can he get off by hammering marble instead.
每个人都是一座寺庙的建造者，这座寺庙被称为他的身体，向他崇拜的神明致敬，遵循纯粹他自己的风格，他也不能通过锤击大理石来摆脱困境。
We are all sculptors and painters, and our material is our own flesh and blood and bones.
我们都是雕塑家、画家，我们的素材就是我们自己的血肉和骨头。
Any nobleness begins at once to refine a man’s features, any meanness or sensuality to imbrute them.
任何高贵都会立刻使一个人的容貌变得精致，而任何卑鄙或淫荡都会使人的容貌变得粗俗。
John Farmer sat at his door one September evening, after a hard day’s work, his mind still running on his labor more or less.
九月的一个晚上，约翰·法默坐在自家门口，经过一天的辛苦工作，他的思绪或多或少仍在思考着自己的劳动。
Having bathed, he sat down to re-create his intellectual man.
洗完澡后，他坐下来重新塑造他的知识分子。
It was a rather cool evening, and some of his neighbors were apprehending a frost.
这是一个相当凉爽的夜晚，他的一些邻居担心会结霜。
He had not attended to the train of his thoughts long when he heard some one playing on a flute, and that sound harmonized with his mood.
他的思绪还没理清多久，就听到有人吹笛子，那声音和他的心情很和谐。
Still he thought of his work; but the burden of his thought was, that though this kept running in his head, and he found himself planning and contriving it against his will, yet it concerned him very little.
他仍然想着他的工作；但他的思想负担是，尽管这件事一直在他的脑海中盘旋，而且他发现自己违背自己的意愿计划和设计这件事，但这与他无关。
It was no more than the scurf of his skin, which was constantly shuffled off.
那不过是他不断脱落的皮屑而已。
But the notes of the flute came home to his ears out of a different sphere from that he worked in, and suggested work for certain faculties which slumbered in him.
但长笛的音符从他工作的不同领域传到他的耳朵里，并暗示着他需要为沉睡在他体内的某些能力而工作。
They gently did away with the street, and the village, and the state in which he lived.
他们轻轻地废除了街道、村庄和他居住的州。
A voice said to him,—Why do you stay here and live this mean moiling life, when a glorious existence is possible for you?
一个声音对他说：——当你有可能过上光荣的生活时，为什么还要留在这里过着这种卑微的劳苦生活呢？
Those same stars twinkle over other fields than these.—But how to come out of this condition and actually migrate thither?
那些同样的星星在除这些之外的其他领域闪烁。——但是如何摆脱这种状况并真正迁移到那里呢？
All that he could think of was to practise some new austerity, to let his mind descend into his body and redeem it, and treat himself with ever increasing respect.
他所能想到的就是实行一些新的苦行，让他的思想深入他的身体并救赎它，并越来越尊重自己。
Brute Neighbors
野蛮的邻居
Sometimes I had a companion in my fishing, who came through the village to my house from the other side of the town, and the catching of the dinner was as much a social exercise as the eating of it.
有时我有一个钓鱼的同伴，他从镇子的另一边穿过村庄来到我家，捕获晚餐就像吃它一样是一种社交活动。
_Hermit._ I wonder what the world is doing now.
_隐士._ 我想知道世界现在在做什么。
I have not heard so much as a locust over the sweet-fern these three hours.
这三个小时里，我连香蕨上空的蝗虫声都没有听到。
The pigeons are all asleep upon their roosts,—no flutter from them.
鸽子都在它们的栖息处睡着了——没有任何颤动。
Was that a farmer’s noon horn which sounded from beyond the woods just now?
刚才树林外传来的那是农夫的午间号角声吗？
The hands are coming in to boiled salt beef and cider and Indian bread.
手上的菜是煮咸牛肉、苹果酒和印度面包。
Why will men worry themselves so?
男人为什么要这么担心自己呢？
He that does not eat need not work.
不吃饭的人不必工作。
I wonder how much they have reaped.
我想知道他们收获了多少。
Who would live there where a body can never think for the barking of Bose?
谁会住在一个身体永远无法思考 Bose 吠声的地方？
And O, the housekeeping!
还有哦，家政服务！
to keep bright the devil’s door-knobs, and scour his tubs this bright day!
保持魔鬼的门把手明亮，并在这个明亮的日子里擦洗他的浴缸！
Better not keep a house.
最好不要留房子。
Say, some hollow tree; and then for morning calls and dinner-parties!
比如说，一些空心树；然后是早上的电话和晚宴！
Only a woodpecker tapping.
只有啄木鸟在敲击。
O, they swarm; the sun is too warm there; they are born too far into life for me.
啊，它们成群结队；那里的阳光太温暖了；他们出生对我来说太遥远了。
I have water from the spring, and a loaf of brown bread on the shelf.—Hark!
我有泉水，架子上还有一条黑面包。——听！
I hear a rustling of the leaves.
我听到树叶沙沙作响。
Is it some ill-fed village hound yielding to the instinct of the chase?
是一只营养不良的乡村猎犬屈服于追逐的本能吗？
or the lost pig which is said to be in these woods, whose tracks I saw after the rain?
或者据说在这片树林里丢失的猪，我在雨后看到了它的踪迹？
It comes on apace; my sumachs and sweet-briers tremble.—Eh, Mr. Poet, is it you?
它来得很快；我的漆树和甜荆棘颤抖着。——呃，诗人先生，是你吗？
How do you like the world to-day?
你喜欢今天的世界吗？
_Poet._ See those clouds; how they hang!
_诗人._看那些云；他们怎么挂着！
That’s the greatest thing I have seen to-day.
这是我今天看到的最伟大的事情。
There’s nothing like it in old paintings, nothing like it in foreign lands,—unless when we were off the coast of Spain.
旧画中没有类似的东西，外国土地上也没有类似的东西——除非我们在西班牙海岸附近。
That’s a true Mediterranean sky.
那是真正的地中海天空。
I thought, as I have my living to get, and have not eaten to-day, that I might go a-fishing.
我想，因为我还要谋生，今天还没有吃饭，我可以去钓鱼。
That’s the true industry for poets.
这才是诗人真正的行业。
It is the only trade I have learned.
这是我学到的唯一一门手艺。
Come, let’s along.
来吧，我们一起吧。
_Hermit._ I cannot resist.
_隐士._ 我无法抗拒。
My brown bread will soon be gone.
我的黑面包很快就会消失。
I will go with you gladly soon, but I am just concluding a serious meditation.
我很快就会很高兴和你一起去，但我刚刚结束一次认真的冥想。
I think that I am near the end of it.
我想我已经接近尾声了。
Leave me alone, then, for a while.
那么，让我一个人呆一会儿吧。
But that we may not be delayed, you shall be digging the bait meanwhile.
但为了不耽误我们，你必须同时挖诱饵。
Angle-worms are rarely to be met with in these parts, where the soil was never fattened with manure; the race is nearly extinct.
这些地区很少见到角虫，因为那里的土壤从未施过肥料。这个种族几乎灭绝了。
The sport of digging the bait is nearly equal to that of catching the fish, when one’s appetite is not too keen; and this you may have all to yourself to-day.
当胃口不太旺盛时，挖饵的运动几乎等同于钓鱼；今天你就可以拥有这一切了。
I would advise you to set in the spade down yonder among the ground-nuts, where you see the johnswort waving.
我建议你把铲子放在那边的花生中间，在那里你可以看到约翰草在挥舞。
I think that I may warrant you one worm to every three sods you turn up, if you look well in among the roots of the grass, as if you were weeding.
我想，如果你仔细观察草根，就像你在除草一样，我可以保证你发现的每三块草皮中就有一只蠕虫。
Or, if you choose to go farther, it will not be unwise, for I have found the increase of fair bait to be very nearly as the squares of the distances.
或者，如果你选择走得更远，也并非不明智，因为我发现公平饵料的增量非常接近于距离的平方。
_Hermit alone._ Let me see; where was I?
_孤独的隐士。_让我想想；我在哪儿？
Methinks I was nearly in this frame of mind; the world lay about at this angle.
我想我几乎就是这样的心态。世界就在这个角度。
Shall I go to heaven or a-fishing?
我该去天堂还是去钓鱼？
If I should soon bring this meditation to an end, would another so sweet occasion be likely to offer?
如果我很快结束这次冥想，还会有另一个如此甜蜜的时刻吗？
I was as near being resolved into the essence of things as ever I was in my life.
我几乎像我一生中一样，彻底了解了事物的本质。
I fear my thoughts will not come back to me.
我担心我的思绪不会回到我身边。
If it would do any good, I would whistle for them.
如果这有什么好处，我会为他们吹口哨。
When they make us an offer, is it wise to say, We will think of it?
当他们向我们提出报价时，明智的做法是说“我们会考虑”？
My thoughts have left no track, and I cannot find the path again.
我的思绪已经没有踪迹，我再也找不到路了。
What was it that I was thinking of?
我当时在想什么？
It was a very hazy day.
这是一个非常雾霾的一天。
I will just try these three sentences of Con-fut-see; they may fetch that state about again.
我就试试Con-fut-see这三句话；他们可能会再次恢复那种状态。
I know not whether it was the dumps or a budding ecstasy.
我不知道那是一种沮丧还是一种正在萌芽的狂喜。
Mem.
内存。
There never is but one opportunity of a kind.
从来没有这样的机会。
_Poet._ How now, Hermit, is it too soon?
_诗人._ 现在怎么样，隐士，是不是太快了？
I have got just thirteen whole ones, beside several which are imperfect or undersized; but they will do for the smaller fry; they do not cover up the hook so much.
我只有十三个完整的，还有一些不完美或尺寸过小的。但对于较小的鱼苗来说，它们就足够了；他们不会把钩子掩盖得太多。
Those village worms are quite too large; a shiner may make a meal off one without finding the skewer.
那些村里的虫子太大了；一个擦亮的人可能会在没有找到串子的情况下用一根肉做一顿饭。
_Hermit._ Well, then, let’s be off.
_隐士._ 那么，我们出发吧。
Shall we to the Concord?
我们去协和酒店好吗？
There’s good sport there if the water be not too high.
如果水位不太高的话，那里有很好的运动。
Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world?
为什么我们所看到的这些物体恰恰构成了一个世界？
Why has man just these species of animals for his neighbors; as if nothing but a mouse could have filled this crevice?
为什么人类只为他的邻居提供这些动物？好像只有老鼠才能填满这个缝隙？
I suspect that Pilpay & Co. have put animals to their best use, for they are all beasts of burden, in a sense, made to carry some portion of our thoughts.
我怀疑皮尔佩公司已经充分利用了动物，因为它们都是负重的野兽，从某种意义上说，它们是为了承载我们的某些思想而生的。
The mice which haunted my house were not the common ones, which are said to have been introduced into the country, but a wild native kind not found in the village.
我家出没的老鼠并不是普通的老鼠，据说是引进到乡下的，而是村里没有的野生土生土长的老鼠。
I sent one to a distinguished naturalist, and it interested him much.
我寄给一位杰出的博物学家，他对此很感兴趣。
When I was building, one of these had its nest underneath the house, and before I had laid the second floor, and swept out the shavings, would come out regularly at lunch time and pick up the crumbs at my feet.
当我盖房子的时候，其中一个在房子下面有它的巢，在我铺好二楼并清扫刨花之前，它会定期在午餐时间出来，捡起我脚边的面包屑。
It probably had never seen a man before; and it soon became quite familiar, and would run over my shoes and up my clothes.
它以前可能从未见过人类；它很快就变得很熟悉，会跑过我的鞋子和衣服。
It could readily ascend the sides of the room by short impulses, like a squirrel, which it resembled in its motions.
它可以像松鼠一样通过短暂的冲动轻松地上升到房间的两侧，它的动作与松鼠相似。
At length, as I leaned with my elbow on the bench one day, it ran up my clothes, and along my sleeve, and round and round the paper which held my dinner, while I kept the latter close, and dodged and played at bopeep with it; and when at last I held still a piece of cheese between my thumb and finger, it came and nibbled it, sitting in my hand, and afterward cleaned its face and paws, like a fly, and walked away.
最后，有一天，当我把肘部靠在长凳上时，它顺着我的衣服爬上来，顺着我的袖子，绕着装晚餐的纸一圈又一圈地转，而我则把晚餐放在旁边，躲开，用它玩波比；当我最后用拇指和手指夹住一块奶酪时，它过来咬了它，坐在我手里，然后像苍蝇一样清洁了它的脸和爪子，然后走开了。
A phœbe soon built in my shed, and a robin for protection in a pine which grew against the house.
很快我的棚子里就建起了一只菲比，在房子旁边生长的一棵松树上还建了一只知更鸟，以提供保护。
In June the partridge (_Tetrao umbellus_,) which is so shy a bird, led her brood past my windows, from the woods in the rear to the front of my house, clucking and calling to them like a hen, and in all her behavior proving herself the hen of the woods.
六月，鹧鸪（_Tetrao umbellus_）是一种非常害羞的鸟，它带着她的孩子经过我的窗户，从后面的树林到我房子的前面，像母鸡一样咯咯地叫着，用她所有的行为证明自己是树林里的母鸡。
The young suddenly disperse on your approach, at a signal from the mother, as if a whirlwind had swept them away, and they so exactly resemble the dried leaves and twigs that many a traveler has placed his foot in the midst of a brood, and heard the whir of the old bird as she flew off, and her anxious calls and mewing, or seen her trail her wings to attract his attention, without suspecting their neighborhood.
当你靠近时，在母亲发出的信号下，幼鸟突然散开，仿佛一阵旋风将它们卷走，它们与干燥的树叶和树枝非常相似，以至于许多旅行者将脚踩在鸟巢中间，听到老鸟飞走时的呼呼声，以及她焦急的叫声和喵喵声，或者看到她拖着翅膀吸引他的注意，而没有怀疑他们的邻居。
The parent will sometimes roll and spin round before you in such a dishabille, that you cannot, for a few moments, detect what kind of creature it is.
有时，它的父母会在你面前打滚、旋转，样子很破烂，让你一时无法察觉它是什么样的生物。
The young squat still and flat, often running their heads under a leaf, and mind only their mother’s directions given from a distance, nor will your approach make them run again and betray themselves.
幼崽一动不动地蹲着，平躺着，经常把头埋在树叶下，只关心母亲从远处发出的指示，你的靠近也不会让它们再次奔跑并背叛自己。
You may even tread on them, or have your eyes on them for a minute, without discovering them.
您甚至可能踩到它们，或者盯着它们看一分钟，但没有发现它们。
I have held them in my open hand at such a time, and still their only care, obedient to their mother and their instinct, was to squat there without fear or trembling.
在这种时候，我张开双手握住它们，但它们唯一的关心仍然是服从它们的母亲和它们的本能，就是蹲在那里，没有恐惧或颤抖。
So perfect is this instinct, that once, when I had laid them on the leaves again, and one accidentally fell on its side, it was found with the rest in exactly the same position ten minutes afterward.
这种本能是如此完美，以至于有一次，当我再次将它们放在叶子上时，其中一个不小心掉到了一边，十分钟后发现它与其余的位置完全相同。
They are not callow like the young of most birds, but more perfectly developed and precocious even than chickens.
它们不像大多数鸟类的幼鸟那样稚嫩，甚至比鸡更发育、更早熟。
The remarkably adult yet innocent expression of their open and serene eyes is very memorable.
他们睁开、平静的眼睛里充满了成熟而又天真无邪的表情，令人难忘。
All intelligence seems reflected in them.
所有的智慧似乎都反映在它们身上。
They suggest not merely the purity of infancy, but a wisdom clarified by experience.
它们不仅表明了婴儿期的纯洁性，而且表明了经验所阐明的智慧。
Such an eye was not born when the bird was, but is coeval with the sky it reflects.
这样的眼睛并不是在鸟儿诞生时就诞生的，而是与它所映照的天空同时存在的。
The woods do not yield another such a gem.
树林里再也找不到这样的宝石了。
The traveller does not often look into such a limpid well.
旅行者并不常看到如此清澈的井。
The ignorant or reckless sportsman often shoots the parent at such a time, and leaves these innocents to fall a prey to some prowling beast or bird, or gradually mingle with the decaying leaves which they so much resemble.
无知或鲁莽的运动员经常在这种时候射杀父母，让这些无辜的孩子成为某种潜行的野兽或鸟类的猎物，或者逐渐与它们非常相似的腐烂的叶子混合在一起。
It is said that when hatched by a hen they will directly disperse on some alarm, and so are lost, for they never hear the mother’s call which gathers them again.
据说，当母鸡孵出它们时，它们会因为惊慌而直接散开，从而迷失方向，因为它们再也听不到母亲的叫声，将它们聚集起来。
These were my hens and chickens.
这些是我的母鸡和小鸡。
It is remarkable how many creatures live wild and free though secret in the woods, and still sustain themselves in the neighborhood of towns, suspected by hunters only.
值得注意的是，有许多生物虽然秘密地生活在森林里，但仍然野生而自由地生活，并且仍然在城镇附近维持生计，只有猎人才会怀疑。
How retired the otter manages to live here!
水獭在这里生活得多么退休啊！
He grows to be four feet long, as big as a small boy, perhaps without any human being getting a glimpse of him.
他长到了四英尺长，就像一个小男孩一样大，也许没有人看到他。
I formerly saw the raccoon in the woods behind where my house is built, and probably still heard their whinnering at night.
我以前在我家房子后面的树林里见过浣熊，晚上可能还听到它们的呜呜声。
Commonly I rested an hour or two in the shade at noon, after planting, and ate my lunch, and read a little by a spring which was the source of a swamp and of a brook, oozing from under Brister’s Hill, half a mile from my field.
播种后，我通常会在中午在阴凉处休息一两个小时，然后吃午饭，在泉水边读一点书，泉水是沼泽和小溪的源头，从距我的田地半英里的布里斯特山下渗出。
The approach to this was through a succession of descending grassy hollows, full of young pitch-pines, into a larger wood about the swamp.
到达此地的方法是穿过一连串下降的长满青松的草洼，进入沼泽周围更大的树林。
There, in a very secluded and shaded spot, under a spreading white-pine, there was yet a clean, firm sward to sit on.
在那里，在一处非常僻静、阴凉的地方，在一棵伸展的白松树下，还有一块干净、坚固的草皮可以坐。
I had dug out the spring and made a well of clear gray water, where I could dip up a pailful without roiling it, and thither I went for this purpose almost every day in midsummer, when the pond was warmest.
我挖出了泉水，挖了一口清澈的灰色水井，在那里我可以舀一桶水而不用搅动它，在仲夏时节，当池塘最温暖的时候，我几乎每天都去那里。
Thither, too, the wood-cock led her brood, to probe the mud for worms, flying but a foot above them down the bank, while they ran in a troop beneath; but at last, spying me, she would leave her young and circle round and round me, nearer and nearer till within four or five feet, pretending broken wings and legs, to attract my attention, and get off her young, who would already have taken up their march, with faint wiry peep, single file through the swamp, as she directed.
山鹬也带着她的雏鸟到了那里，在泥土中探查是否有虫子，它们飞到岸上，只比它们高出一英尺，而它们则成群结队地在下面奔跑。但最后，当她发现我的时候，她会离开她的孩子，绕着我转一圈又一圈，越来越近，直到四五英尺以内，假装翅膀和腿折断，以吸引我的注意力，然后离开她的孩子，她已经开始行军了，带着微弱的钢丝窥视，按照她的指示，单列穿过沼泽。
Or I heard the peep of the young when I could not see the parent bird.
或者，当我看不到母鸟时，我听到了幼鸟的窥视声。
There too the turtle-doves sat over the spring, or fluttered from bough to bough of the soft white-pines over my head; or the red squirrel, coursing down the nearest bough, was particularly familiar and inquisitive.
斑鸠也坐在泉水上方，或者在我头顶上柔软的白松的树枝上飞来飞去。或者红松鼠沿着最近的树枝奔跑，显得特别熟悉和好奇。
You only need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns.
你只需要在树林中某个有吸引力的地方静静地坐足够长的时间，那里的所有居民都会轮流向你展示自己。
I was witness to events of a less peaceful character.
我目睹了一些不那么和平的事件。
One day when I went out to my wood-pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half an inch long, and black, fiercely contending with one another.
有一天，当我走到我的木柴堆，或者更确切地说是我的树桩堆时，我看到两只大蚂蚁，一只是红色的，另一只大得多，接近半英寸长，是黑色的，正在激烈地互相争斗。
Having once got hold they never let go, but struggled and wrestled and rolled on the chips incessantly.
一旦抓住，他们就不会放手，而是不断地挣扎、摔跤、在木屑上打滚。
Looking farther, I was surprised to find that the chips were covered with such combatants, that it was not a _duellum_, but a _bellum_, a war between two races of ants, the red always pitted against the black, and frequently two red ones to one black.
再进一步看，我惊讶地发现筹码上布满了这样的战斗者，这不是一场“决斗”，而是一场“战争”，是两个蚂蚁种族之间的战争，红色总是与黑色竞争，而且经常是两红对一黑。
The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood-yard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and black.
这些侍从的军团覆盖了我的木材场的所有山丘和山谷，地面上已经布满了死者和垂死者，有红色的，也有黑色的。
It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only battle-field I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war; the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the other.
这是我所亲眼目睹的唯一一场战斗，也是我在战斗激烈时踏足过的唯一战场。自相残杀的战争；一方面是红色共和主义者，另一方面是黑色帝国主义者。
On every side they were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely.
他们四面八方都在进行殊死的战斗，但我听不到任何噪音，人类士兵从未如此坚决地战斗过。
I watched a couple that were fast locked in each other’s embraces, in a little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noon-day prepared to fight till the sun went down, or life went out.
我看到一对情侣紧紧地拥抱在彼此的怀抱中，在一个阳光明媚的小山谷里，在薯片之间，现在正午准备战斗，直到太阳下山，或者生命结束。
The smaller red champion had fastened himself like a vice to his adversary’s front, and through all the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side, and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of his members.
较小的红色冠军像虎钳一样将自己固定在对手的前面，在场上的所有翻滚中，从未停止过啃咬靠近根部的一根触角，已经使另一根触角从棋盘上消失了；而更强的黑色则把他从一边猛冲到另一边，而且，我走近一看，已经剥夺了他的几名成员。
They fought with more pertinacity than bull-dogs.
他们比斗牛犬更顽强地战斗。
Neither manifested the least disposition to retreat.
两人都没有表现出丝毫撤退的意思。
It was evident that their battle-cry was Conquer or die.
很明显，他们的战斗口号是“征服或死亡”。
In the mean while there came along a single red ant on the hill-side of this valley, evidently full of excitement, who either had despatched his foe, or had not yet taken part in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs; whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it.
就在这时，山谷的山坡上出现了一只红蚂蚁，显然很兴奋，要么已经消灭了敌人，要么还没有参加战斗；可能是后者，因为他没有失去四肢。他的母亲吩咐他带着盾牌或带着盾牌回来。
Or perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus.
也许他是阿喀琉斯，他已经把愤怒分开，现在来报仇或拯救他的帕特罗克洛斯。
He saw this unequal combat from afar,—for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the red,—he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of his right fore-leg, leaving the foe to select among his own members; and so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame.
他从远处看到了这场不平等的战斗——因为黑色的体型几乎是红色的两倍——他快速地靠近，直到他站在距离战斗者半英寸以内的地方；然后，他抓住机会，向黑武士扑去，在他的右前腿根部附近开始行动，让敌人在自己的成员中进行选择。就这样，三个人终生团结在一起，仿佛发明了一种新的吸引力，让所有其他的锁和水泥都黯然失色。
I should not have wondered by this time to find that they had their respective musical bands stationed on some eminent chip, and playing their national airs the while, to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants.
我不应该奇怪此时发现他们各自的乐队驻扎在某个著名的芯片上，同时演奏他们的民族曲调，以激励缓慢的人并为垂死的战斗人员欢呼。
I was myself excited somewhat even as if they had been men.
我自己也有些兴奋，就好像他们是男人一样。
The more you think of it, the less the difference.
你想得越多，差别就越小。
And certainly there is not the fight recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America, that will bear a moment’s comparison with this, whether for the numbers engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed.
当然，在康科德的历史上，至少在美国的历史上，还没有哪一场战斗能够与这场战斗相比，无论是参与人数，还是所表现出的爱国主义和英雄主义。
For numbers and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden.
就人数和屠杀而言，它是奥斯特里茨或德累斯顿。
Concord Fight!
协和之战！
Two killed on the patriots’ side, and Luther Blanchard wounded!
爱国者一方有两人阵亡，路德·布兰查德受伤！
Why here every ant was a Buttrick,—“Fire!
为什么这里的每只蚂蚁都是巴特里克，——“着火了！
for God’s sake fire!”—and thousands shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer.
看在上帝的份上，开火吧！”——成千上万的人与戴维斯和霍斯默有着同样的命运。
There was not one hireling there.
那里连一个雇工都没有。
I have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least.
我毫不怀疑，这是他们为之奋斗的原则，就像我们的祖先一样，而不是为了逃避对他们的茶叶征收的三便士税；这场战斗的结果至少对于那些关注它的人来说将像邦克山战役一样重要和难忘。
I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler on my window-sill, in order to see the issue.
我拿起我所特别描述的三个芯片正在挣扎的芯片，将其带进我的房子，并将其放在窗台上的玻璃杯下，以便看到问题。
Holding a microscope to the first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing at the near fore-leg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler, his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently too thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer’s eyes shone with ferocity such as war only could excite.
我拿着显微镜观察前面提到的那只红蚂蚁，尽管它正在拼命啃咬敌人的近前腿，割断了剩下的触角，但它自己的胸部却被撕掉了，将它的要害暴露在了黑武士的嘴里，而黑武士的胸甲显然太厚了，他无法刺穿；受害者眼睛里的黑痈闪烁着只有战争才能激发的凶猛光芒。
They struggled half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and the still living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them; which at length, after half an hour more, he accomplished.
他们在滚筒下又挣扎了半个小时，当我再次看向黑人士兵时，他已经把敌人的头从他们的身体上切下来了，那些仍然活着的头颅挂在他的两侧，就像他马鞍弓上的可怕的战利品一样，显然仍然像以前一样牢牢地固定着，而他正在用微弱的挣扎，没有触角，只有一条腿的残余物，我不知道有多少其他伤口，使自己摆脱它们；又过了半个小时，他终于完成了。
I raised the glass, and he went off over the window-sill in that crippled state.
我举起玻璃，他就那副残废的样子从窗台上走了出去。
Whether he finally survived that combat, and spent the remainder of his days in some Hotel des Invalides, I do not know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much thereafter.
我不知道他是否最终在那场战斗中幸存下来，并在荣军院酒店度过了余生。但我认为此后他的产业就不值多少钱了。
I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of the war; but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had had my feelings excited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the ferocity and carnage, of a human battle before my door.
我不知道哪一方获胜，也不知道战争的原因；但那天剩下的时间里，我感觉仿佛亲眼目睹了我家门前人类的斗争、残酷和屠杀，我的心情既兴奋又痛苦。
Kirby and Spence tell us that the battles of ants have long been celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is the only modern author who appears to have witnessed them.
柯比和斯彭斯告诉我们，蚂蚁之战长期以来一直受到人们的庆祝，并记录了它们的日期，尽管他们说胡贝尔是唯一一位目睹了蚂蚁之战的现代作家。
“Æneas Sylvius,” say they, “after giving a very circumstantial account of one contested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk of a pear tree,” adds that “‘This action was fought in the pontificate of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the greatest fidelity.’ A similar engagement between great and small ants is recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorious, are said to have buried the bodies of their own soldiers, but left those of their giant enemies a prey to the birds.
他们说：“埃尼亚斯·西尔维乌斯在详细叙述了一场梨树树干上大大小小的物种之间的顽固斗争后，”补充道，“这场战斗是在尤金尼四世的教皇任期内进行的，著名律师尼古拉斯·皮斯托里安西斯在场，他以最大的忠诚度讲述了整个战斗的历史。”记录了大小蚂蚁之间的类似交战。奥劳斯·马格努斯（Olaus Magnus），据说小鸟获胜后埋葬了自己士兵的尸体，却把巨型敌人的尸体留给了鸟儿。
This event happened previous to the expulsion of the tyrant Christiern the Second from Sweden.” The battle which I witnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk, five years before the passage of Webster’s Fugitive-Slave Bill.
这一事件发生在暴君克里斯蒂安二世被驱逐出瑞典之前。”我亲眼目睹的这场战斗发生在波尔克担任总统期间，即韦伯斯特逃亡奴隶法案通过的五年前。
Many a village Bose, fit only to course a mud-turtle in a victualling cellar, sported his heavy quarters in the woods, without the knowledge of his master, and ineffectually smelled at old fox burrows and woodchucks’ holes; led perchance by some slight cur which nimbly threaded the wood, and might still inspire a natural terror in its denizens;—now far behind his guide, barking like a canine bull toward some small squirrel which had treed itself for scrutiny, then, cantering off, bending the bushes with his weight, imagining that he is on the track of some stray member of the jerbilla family.
许多村子里的博斯只适合在储藏食物的地窖里捕食泥龟，在主人不知情的情况下，在树林里炫耀他沉重的住所，并徒劳地嗅着老狐狸的洞穴和土拨鼠的洞；也许是被某种轻微的野狗引导，它灵活地穿过树林，可能仍然会激发居民的自然恐惧；——现在远远落后于他的向导，像公牛一样对着一只小松鼠狂吠，那只小松鼠已经在树上观察自己了，然后，他慢跑着，用他的重量压弯了灌木丛，想象他正在追踪耶比拉家族中的某个流浪成员。
Once I was surprised to see a cat walking along the stony shore of the pond, for they rarely wander so far from home.
有一次，我惊讶地看到一只猫沿着池塘的石岸行走，因为它们很少离开家这么远。
The surprise was mutual.
这种惊喜是相互的。
Nevertheless the most domestic cat, which has lain on a rug all her days, appears quite at home in the woods, and, by her sly and stealthy behavior, proves herself more native there than the regular inhabitants.
然而，最家养的猫，整天躺在地毯上，在树林里显得很自在，而且，通过她狡猾和隐秘的行为，证明自己比普通居民更本土化。
Once, when berrying, I met with a cat with young kittens in the woods, quite wild, and they all, like their mother, had their backs up and were fiercely spitting at me.
有一次，我摘浆果的时候，在树林里遇见了一只带着小猫的猫，很野性，它们都像它们的妈妈一样，仰着背，恶狠狠地向我吐口水。
A few years before I lived in the woods there was what was called a “winged cat” in one of the farm-houses in Lincoln nearest the pond, Mr. Gilian Baker’s.
几年前，我住在树林里，在林肯最靠近池塘的一间农舍里，吉利安·贝克先生的农舍里有一只所谓的“有翅膀的猫”。
When I called to see her in June, 1842, she was gone a-hunting in the woods, as was her wont, (I am not sure whether it was a male or female, and so use the more common pronoun,) but her mistress told me that she came into the neighborhood a little more than a year before, in April, and was finally taken into their house; that she was of a dark brownish-gray color, with a white spot on her throat, and white feet, and had a large bushy tail like a fox; that in the winter the fur grew thick and flatted out along her sides, forming stripes ten or twelve inches long by two and a half wide, and under her chin like a muff, the upper side loose, the under matted like felt, and in the spring these appendages dropped off.
1842 年 6 月，当我打电话去看她时，她正像往常一样去树林里打猎（我不确定是男性还是女性，所以使用更常见的代词），但她的女主人告诉我，她在一年多前的四月来到了附近，最后被带进了他们的房子；她的肤色是深棕灰色的，喉咙上有一个白点，脚是白色的，还有一条像狐狸一样毛茸茸的大尾巴。到了冬天，毛皮会变厚，沿着她的两侧变平，形成十到十二英寸长、两英寸半宽的条纹，下巴下面就像一只手筒，上面松散，下面像毛毡一样乱七八糟，到了春天，这些附属物就会脱落。
They gave me a pair of her “wings,” which I keep still.
他们给了我一对她的“翅膀”，我把它保持不动。
There is no appearance of a membrane about them.
它们周围没有出现薄膜。
Some thought it was part flying-squirrel or some other wild animal, which is not impossible, for, according to naturalists, prolific hybrids have been produced by the union of the marten and domestic cat.
有些人认为它是鼯鼠或其他野生动物的一部分，这并非不可能，因为根据博物学家的说法，貂和家猫的结合产生了多产的杂交种。
This would have been the right kind of cat for me to keep, if I had kept any; for why should not a poet’s cat be winged as well as his horse?
如果我养过一只猫的话，这就是我最适合养的猫。为什么诗人的猫不能像他的马一样有翅膀呢？
In the fall the loon (_Colymbus glacialis_) came, as usual, to moult and bathe in the pond, making the woods ring with his wild laughter before I had risen.
秋天，潜鸟（_Colymbus glacialis_）像往常一样来到池塘里换毛和洗澡，在我起床之前，树林里就响起了他狂野的笑声。
At rumor of his arrival all the Mill-dam sportsmen are on the alert, in gigs and on foot, two by two and three by three, with patent rifles and conical balls and spy-glasses.
听到他到来的传言，米尔丹的所有运动员都处于戒备状态，他们在演出中或步行，二对二，三对三，带着专利步枪、锥形球和望远镜。
They come rustling through the woods like autumn leaves, at least ten men to one loon.
他们像秋天的落叶一样沙沙地穿过树林，至少十个人对一只潜鸟。
Some station themselves on this side of the pond, some on that, for the poor bird cannot be omnipresent; if he dive here he must come up there.
有的停在池塘的这边，有的停在那边，因为可怜的鸟儿不可能无所不在。如果他在这里潜水，他就必须到那里来。
But now the kind October wind rises, rustling the leaves and rippling the surface of the water, so that no loon can be heard or seen, though his foes sweep the pond with spy-glasses, and make the woods resound with their discharges.
但现在，十月的和煦的风吹起，树叶沙沙作响，水面泛起涟漪，因此，潜鸟听不见也看不到，尽管他的敌人用望远镜清扫池塘，排放的水让树林回响。
The waves generously rise and dash angrily, taking sides with all water-fowl, and our sportsmen must beat a retreat to town and shop and unfinished jobs.
海浪慷慨地起伏，愤怒地冲撞，与所有水鸟站在一起，我们的运动员必须撤退到城里去购物和完成未完成的工作。
But they were too often successful.
但他们往往很成功。
When I went to get a pail of water early in the morning I frequently saw this stately bird sailing out of my cove within a few rods.
当我一大早去取一桶水时，我经常看到这只庄严的鸟在几杆之内从我的海湾飞出。
If I endeavored to overtake him in a boat, in order to see how he would manœuvre, he would dive and be completely lost, so that I did not discover him again, sometimes, till the latter part of the day.
如果我试图乘船追上他，看看他会如何行动，他就会潜入水中，完全迷失方向，所以有时我直到傍晚才发现他。
But I was more than a match for him on the surface.
但从表面上看，我不仅仅是他的对手。
He commonly went off in a rain.
他常常在雨中出发。
As I was paddling along the north shore one very calm October afternoon, for such days especially they settle on to the lakes, like the milkweed down, having looked in vain over the pond for a loon, suddenly one, sailing out from the shore toward the middle a few rods in front of me, set up his wild laugh and betrayed himself.
十月的一个非常平静的下午，当我沿着北岸划船时，在这样的日子里，它们尤其像马利筋一样落在湖上，徒劳地在池塘上寻找潜鸟，突然一只潜鸟从岸边向我前面几杆远的中间航行，发出狂野的笑声，背叛了自己。
I pursued with a paddle and he dived, but when he came up I was nearer than before.
我用桨追击，他潜入水中，但当他上来时，我比以前更近了。
He dived again, but I miscalculated the direction he would take, and we were fifty rods apart when he came to the surface this time, for I had helped to widen the interval; and again he laughed long and loud, and with more reason than before.
他再次潜入水中，但我错误地估计了他的方向，当他浮出水面时，我们相距五十杆，因为我帮助拉开了间隔；他又大笑起来，笑得又长又响，而且比以前更有道理。
He manœuvred so cunningly that I could not get within half a dozen rods of him.
他的动作非常狡猾，我根本无法靠近他六杆以内。
Each time, when he came to the surface, turning his head this way and that, he cooly surveyed the water and the land, and apparently chose his course so that he might come up where there was the widest expanse of water and at the greatest distance from the boat.
每次，当他浮出水面时，他都会把头左右转动，冷静地观察水面和陆地，并显然选择了自己的航向，以便能到达水面最宽阔、离船最远的地方。
It was surprising how quickly he made up his mind and put his resolve into execution.
令人惊讶的是，他如此迅速地下定决心并付诸实施。
He led me at once to the widest part of the pond, and could not be driven from it.
他立即把我带到了池塘最宽的地方，我无法从那里被赶走。
While he was thinking one thing in his brain, I was endeavoring to divine his thought in mine.
当他在脑子里思考一件事时，我正在努力在我的脑子里揣测他的想法。
It was a pretty game, played on the smooth surface of the pond, a man against a loon.
这是一场漂亮的游戏，在光滑的池塘表面上进行，一个人对抗一只潜鸟。
Suddenly your adversary’s checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again.
突然，你对手的棋子消失在棋盘下方，问题是把你的棋子放在最靠近他的棋子再次出现的地方。
Sometimes he would come up unexpectedly on the opposite side of me, having apparently passed directly under the boat.
有时他会出人意料地出现在我的对面，显然是直接从船下经过的。
So long-winded was he and so unweariable, that when he had swum farthest he would immediately plunge again, nevertheless; and then no wit could divine where in the deep pond, beneath the smooth surface, he might be speeding his way like a fish, for he had time and ability to visit the bottom of the pond in its deepest part.
他是如此啰嗦，如此不知疲倦，以至于当他游到最远的地方时，他还是会立即再次跳入水中。然后，任何智者都无法猜测，在深潭的哪个地方，在光滑的水面之下，他可能会像一条鱼一样疾驰而去，因为他有时间、有能力去探访池塘最深处的底部。
It is said that loons have been caught in the New York lakes eighty feet beneath the surface, with hooks set for trout,—though Walden is deeper than that.
据说，有人在纽约湖水下八十英尺处用钩子钓鳟鱼，捕获了潜鸟——尽管瓦尔登湖比这更深。
How surprised must the fishes be to see this ungainly visitor from another sphere speeding his way amid their schools!
鱼儿们看到这个来自另一个星球的笨拙的访客在鱼群中飞驰而过，一定会感到多么惊讶！
Yet he appeared to know his course as surely under water as on the surface, and swam much faster there.
然而，他似乎在水下和在水面上一样清楚地知道自己的路线，而且在那里游得更快。
Once or twice I saw a ripple where he approached the surface, just put his head out to reconnoitre, and instantly dived again.
有一两次，我看到他接近水面时出现了一道波纹，他刚伸出头去侦察，就立即再次潜入水中。
I found that it was as well for me to rest on my oars and wait his reappearing as to endeavor to calculate where he would rise; for again and again, when I was straining my eyes over the surface one way, I would suddenly be startled by his unearthly laugh behind me.
我发现对我来说，最好是在桨上休息，等待他再次出现，也可以努力计算他会升到哪里。因为一次又一次，当我用眼睛注视表面时，我会突然被他身后神秘的笑声吓到。
But why, after displaying so much cunning, did he invariably betray himself the moment he came up by that loud laugh?
可为何他表现得如此狡猾，却总是在大笑一上来就暴露了自己？
Did not his white breast enough betray him?
难道他的白胸还不够背叛他吗？
He was indeed a silly loon, I thought.
我想，他确实是个傻瓜。
I could commonly hear the splash of the water when he came up, and so also detected him.
当他上来时，我通常都能听到水花飞溅的声音，因此也发现了他。
But after an hour he seemed as fresh as ever, dived as willingly and swam yet farther than at first.
但一个小时后，他看起来和以前一样精力充沛，心甘情愿地潜入水中，而且比一开始游得更远。
It was surprising to see how serenely he sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all the work with his webbed feet beneath.
令人惊讶的是，当他回到水面时，他平静地航行着，用脚下的蹼脚做所有的工作。
His usual note was this demoniac laughter, yet somewhat like that of a water-fowl; but occasionally, when he had balked me most successfully and come up a long way off, he uttered a long-drawn unearthly howl, probably more like that of a wolf than any bird; as when a beast puts his muzzle to the ground and deliberately howls.
他平常的笑声是恶魔般的笑声，但又有点像水鸟的笑声。但偶尔，当他最成功地挡住我并走到很远的地方时，他会发出一声长长的、超凡脱俗的嚎叫，可能更像是狼的嚎叫，而不是任何鸟儿的嚎叫。就像一头野兽把枪口放在地上，故意嚎叫一样。
This was his looning,—perhaps the wildest sound that is ever heard here, making the woods ring far and wide.
这是他的孤独——也许是这里听到过的最狂野的声音，让树林响彻四方。
I concluded that he laughed in derision of my efforts, confident of his own resources.
我得出的结论是，他嘲笑我的努力，对自己的资源充满信心。
Though the sky was by this time overcast, the pond was so smooth that I could see where he broke the surface when I did not hear him.
虽然此时天色阴沉，但池塘却很平静，当我没有听到他的声音时，我可以看到他露出水面的地方。
His white breast, the stillness of the air, and the smoothness of the water were all against him.
他那白皙的胸脯、空气的静谧、水面的光滑，都对他不利。
At length, having come up fifty rods off, he uttered one of those prolonged howls, as if calling on the god of loons to aid him, and immediately there came a wind from the east and rippled the surface, and filled the whole air with misty rain, and I was impressed as if it were the prayer of the loon answered, and his god was angry with me; and so I left him disappearing far away on the tumultuous surface.
最后，在距离五十杆远的地方，他发出了一声长长的嚎叫，仿佛在呼唤潜鸟之神来帮助他，立即从东边吹来一阵风，使地表起波纹，整个空气充满了雾雨，我印象深刻，仿佛这是潜鸟的祈祷得到了回应，他的神对我发怒了；于是我就让他消失在喧闹的地面上很远的地方。
For hours, in fall days, I watched the ducks cunningly tack and veer and hold the middle of the pond, far from the sportsman; tricks which they will have less need to practise in Louisiana bayous.
在秋天的日子里，我花了好几个小时看着鸭子狡猾地调转方向，保持在池塘中央，远离运动员；他们在路易斯安那州海湾不需要练习的技巧。
When compelled to rise they would sometimes circle round and round and over the pond at a considerable height, from which they could easily see to other ponds and the river, like black motes in the sky; and, when I thought they had gone off thither long since, they would settle down by a slanting flight of a quarter of a mile on to a distant part which was left free; but what beside safety they got by sailing in the middle of Walden I do not know, unless they love its water for the same reason that I do.
当被迫上升时，它们有时会在池塘上空一圈又一圈地在相当高的高度上空旋转，从那里它们可以很容易地看到其他池塘和河流，就像天空中的黑色微粒一样。当我以为他们早已离开那里时，他们会倾斜飞行四分之一英里，到达一个空闲的遥远地方。但我不知道他们在瓦尔登湖中部航行除了安全之外还能得到什么，除非他们和我一样热爱这里的水。
House-Warming
乔迁之喜
In October I went a-graping to the river meadows, and loaded myself with clusters more precious for their beauty and fragrance than for food.
十月份，我去河边的草地上摘葡萄，给自己装满了一串串葡萄，它们的美丽和芬芳比食物更珍贵。
There too I admired, though I did not gather, the cranberries, small waxen gems, pendants of the meadow grass, pearly and red, which the farmer plucks with an ugly rake, leaving the smooth meadow in a snarl, heedlessly measuring them by the bushel and the dollar only, and sells the spoils of the meads to Boston and New York; destined to be _jammed_, to satisfy the tastes of lovers of Nature there.
在那里，我也很欣赏蔓越莓、小蜡质宝石、草地草的垂饰，珍珠般的红色，农民用丑陋的耙子将它们采摘下来，让光滑的草地陷入混乱，漫不经心地只用蒲式耳和美元来衡量它们，然后将草地上的战利品卖给波士顿和纽约；注定会被堵塞，以满足那里自然爱好者的口味。
So butchers rake the tongues of bison out of the prairie grass, regardless of the torn and drooping plant.
因此，屠夫们把野牛的舌头从草原草丛中耙出来，不管植物是否被撕裂和下垂。
The barberry’s brilliant fruit was likewise food for my eyes merely; but I collected a small store of wild apples for coddling, which the proprietor and travellers had overlooked.
小檗的灿烂果实同样也只是为了我的眼睛而已。但我收集了一小堆野苹果来宠爱，而店主和旅行者却忽视了这些。
When chestnuts were ripe I laid up half a bushel for winter.
栗子熟了，我就储备了半蒲式耳过冬。
It was very exciting at that season to roam the then boundless chestnut woods of Lincoln,—they now sleep their long sleep under the railroad,—with a bag on my shoulder, and a stick to open burrs with in my hand, for I did not always wait for the frost, amid the rustling of leaves and the loud reproofs of the red-squirrels and the jays, whose half-consumed nuts I sometimes stole, for the burrs which they had selected were sure to contain sound ones.
那个季节，漫步在林肯那片无边无际的栗树林里——它们现在在铁路下睡了很长时间——肩上挎着一个袋子，手里拿着一根用来打开毛刺的棍子，这是非常令人兴奋的，因为我并不总是在树叶的沙沙声和红松鼠和松鸦大声的责备声中等待霜冻，有时我会偷走它们吃掉一半的坚果，因为它们所选择的毛刺肯定会包含在其中。健全的。
Occasionally I climbed and shook the trees.
有时我会爬上树，摇晃树。
They grew also behind my house, and one large tree, which almost overshadowed it, was, when in flower, a bouquet which scented the whole neighborhood, but the squirrels and the jays got most of its fruit; the last coming in flocks early in the morning and picking the nuts out of the burrs before they fell.
它们也长在我的房子后面，一棵大树几乎盖过了我的房子，开花时，它是一束花，使整个街区都充满香气，但松鼠和松鸦得到了大部分果实；最后一批人一大早就成群结队地来，在坚果掉下来之前把坚果从毛刺中捡出来。
I relinquished these trees to them and visited the more distant woods composed wholly of chestnut.
我把这些树交给了他们，并参观了更远处完全由栗子组成的树林。
These nuts, as far as they went, were a good substitute for bread.
这些坚果就其本身而言，是面包的良好替代品。
Many other substitutes might, perhaps, be found.
也许可以找到许多其他替代品。
Digging one day for fish-worms, I discovered the ground-nut (_Apios tuberosa_) on its string, the potato of the aborigines, a sort of fabulous fruit, which I had begun to doubt if I had ever dug and eaten in childhood, as I had told, and had not dreamed it.
有一天，我在挖鱼虫时，发现了绳子上的花生（_Apios tuberosa_），原住民的土豆，一种美妙的水果，我开始怀疑我是否像我所说的那样，在童年时挖过并吃过它，而且没有梦想过它。
I had often since seen its crimpled red velvety blossom supported by the stems of other plants without knowing it to be the same.
从那以后，我经常看到它那皱巴巴的红色天鹅绒般的花朵，由其他植物的茎支撑着，却不知道它们是一样的。
Cultivation has well nigh exterminated it.
耕种几乎已经消灭了它。
It has a sweetish taste, much like that of a frostbitten potato, and I found it better boiled than roasted.
它有甜味，很像冻伤的土豆，我发现煮比烤更好。
This tuber seemed like a faint promise of Nature to rear her own children and feed them simply here at some future period.
这种块茎似乎是大自然的一个微弱的承诺，在未来的某个时期，她会在这里养育自己的孩子并喂养他们。
In these days of fatted cattle and waving grain-fields this humble root, which was once the _totem_ of an Indian tribe, is quite forgotten, or known only by its flowering vine; but let wild Nature reign here once more, and the tender and luxurious English grains will probably disappear before a myriad of foes, and without the care of man the crow may carry back even the last seed of corn to the great cornfield of the Indian’s God in the south-west, whence he is said to have brought it; but the now almost exterminated ground-nut will perhaps revive and flourish in spite of frosts and wildness, prove itself indigenous, and resume its ancient importance and dignity as the diet of the hunter tribe.
在如今牛群肥硕、麦田摇曳的时代，这种曾经是印第安部落图腾的不起眼的树根已被完全遗忘，或者只能通过它开花的藤蔓为人所知。但如果让野生自然再次统治这里，那么娇嫩而奢华的英国谷物可能会在无数敌人面前消失，而如果没有人类的照顾，乌鸦甚至可以将最后一颗玉米种子带回印第安人上帝位于西南部的大玉米田，据说他就是从那里带来的；但现在几乎灭绝的花生也许会在霜冻和荒野中复活并繁盛，证明自己是本土的，并恢复其作为狩猎部落饮食的古老重要性和尊严。
Some Indian Ceres or Minerva must have been the inventor and bestower of it; and when the reign of poetry commences here, its leaves and string of nuts may be represented on our works of art.
某些印第安人谷神星或密涅瓦一定是它的发明者和赐予者；当诗歌的统治在这里开始时，它的叶子和坚果串可能会出现在我们的艺术作品中。
Already, by the first of September, I had seen two or three small maples turned scarlet across the pond, beneath where the white stems of three aspens diverged, at the point of a promontory, next the water.
到了九月初，我已经看到池塘对面的两三棵小枫树变成了猩红色，下面是三棵白杨的白色茎分叉的地方，在海角的尖端，靠近水。
Ah, many a tale their color told!
啊，他们的颜色讲述了许多故事！
And gradually from week to week the character of each tree came out, and it admired itself reflected in the smooth mirror of the lake.
渐渐地，一周又一周，每棵树的性格都显现出来，它欣赏着镜面湖中倒映的自己。
Each morning the manager of this gallery substituted some new picture, distinguished by more brilliant or harmonious coloring, for the old upon the walls.
每天早上，这个画廊的经理都会用一些新的图片替换墙上的旧图片，这些图片的特点是色彩更加鲜艳或和谐。
The wasps came by thousands to my lodge in October, as to winter quarters, and settled on my windows within and on the walls over-head, sometimes deterring visitors from entering.
十月份，成千上万的黄蜂来到了我的小屋，就像冬季宿舍一样，它们停在我的窗户上和头顶的墙上，有时会阻止游客进入。
Each morning, when they were numbed with cold, I swept some of them out, but I did not trouble myself much to get rid of them; I even felt complimented by their regarding my house as a desirable shelter.
每天早上，当它们冻得麻木的时候，我都会把它们扫掉一些，但我并没有费太多力气去清除它们；而是把它们清理掉。他们认为我的房子是一个理想的庇护所，我什至感到很荣幸。
They never molested me seriously, though they bedded with me; and they gradually disappeared, into what crevices I do not know, avoiding winter and unspeakable cold.
尽管他们和我同床共枕，但他们从来没有严重骚扰过我。它们渐渐地消失了，消失在我不知道的什么缝隙里，躲避着冬天和难以言喻的寒冷。
Like the wasps, before I finally went into winter quarters in November, I used to resort to the north-east side of Walden, which the sun, reflected from the pitch-pine woods and the stony shore, made the fire-side of the pond; it is so much pleasanter and wholesomer to be warmed by the sun while you can be, than by an artificial fire.
像黄蜂一样，在十一月我最终进入冬季宿舍之前，我常常去瓦尔登湖的东北侧，那里的阳光从松树林和石岸上反射出来，使池塘的一侧变成了火炉；在可以的时候，用阳光取暖比用人工火取暖要愉快得多，也有益健康得多。
I thus warmed myself by the still glowing embers which the summer, like a departed hunter, had left.
我就这样用夏天留下的余烬取暖，就像一个离去的猎人。
When I came to build my chimney I studied masonry.
当我开始建造烟囱时，我学习了砖石工程。
My bricks being second-hand ones required to be cleaned with a trowel, so that I learned more than usual of the qualities of bricks and trowels.
我的砖是二手的，需要用抹子清理，所以我比平时更多地了解了砖和抹子的品质。
The mortar on them was fifty years old, and was said to be still growing harder; but this is one of those sayings which men love to repeat whether they are true or not.
上面的迫击炮已经有五十年历史了，据说还在变得越来越硬。但这是人们喜欢重复的说法之一，无论它们是否真实。
Such sayings themselves grow harder and adhere more firmly with age, and it would take many blows with a trowel to clean an old wiseacre of them.
随着年龄的增长，这些俗语本身会变得更加坚硬，附着得更加牢固，需要用抹子多次敲击才能将这些老聪明人清除掉。
Many of the villages of Mesopotamia are built of second-hand bricks of a very good quality, obtained from the ruins of Babylon, and the cement on them is older and probably harder still.
美索不达米亚的许多村庄都是用从巴比伦废墟中获得的质量非常好的二手砖建造的，上面的水泥更古老，可能更坚硬。
However that may be, I was struck by the peculiar toughness of the steel which bore so many violent blows without being worn out.
不管怎样，我对钢材特有的韧性感到震惊，它能承受如此多的猛烈打击而不会磨损。
As my bricks had been in a chimney before, though I did not read the name of Nebuchadnezzar on them, I picked out as many fire-place bricks as I could find, to save work and waste, and I filled the spaces between the bricks about the fire-place with stones from the pond shore, and also made my mortar with the white sand from the same place.
由于我的砖以前是在烟囱里的，虽然我没有在上面读到尼布甲尼撒的名字，但我还是尽可能多地挑选了壁炉砖，以节省工作和浪费，并用池塘岸边的石头填充壁炉周围的砖块之间的空间，并用同一个地方的白沙制作灰浆。
I lingered most about the fireplace, as the most vital part of the house.
我最留恋的是壁炉，它是房子里最重要的部分。
Indeed, I worked so deliberately, that though I commenced at the ground in the morning, a course of bricks raised a few inches above the floor served for my pillow at night; yet I did not get a stiff neck for it that I remember; my stiff neck is of older date.
事实上，我工作得如此刻意，尽管我早上从地面开始，但晚上却在离地面几英寸高的地方砌了一层砖块，用来当我的枕头。但据我所知，我并没有因此而感到僵硬。我的脖子僵硬是很久以前的事了。
I took a poet to board for a fortnight about those times, which caused me to be put to it for room.
那时我带一位诗人寄宿了两周，这导致我被安排在那里住宿。
He brought his own knife, though I had two, and we used to scour them by thrusting them into the earth.
他带来了自己的刀，而我有两把，我们常常把它们插进土里来清理它们。
He shared with me the labors of cooking.
他和我一起分担做饭的劳动。
I was pleased to see my work rising so square and solid by degrees, and reflected, that, if it proceeded slowly, it was calculated to endure a long time.
我很高兴地看到自己的作品一步步上升得如此方正、扎实，心里想，如果进展缓慢的话，算得上能持续很长时间了。
The chimney is to some extent an independent structure, standing on the ground and rising through the house to the heavens; even after the house is burned it still stands sometimes, and its importance and independence are apparent.
烟囱在某种程度上是一个独立的结构，矗立在地面上，穿过房子直达天空；即使房子被烧毁后，有时它仍然矗立着，其重要性和独立性是显而易见的。
This was toward the end of summer.
那是夏末。
It was now November.
现在已经是十一月了。
The north wind had already begun to cool the pond, though it took many weeks of steady blowing to accomplish it, it is so deep.
北风已经开始让池塘变凉了，虽然花了好几个星期的稳定吹才完成，但池塘却很深。
When I began to have a fire at evening, before I plastered my house, the chimney carried smoke particularly well, because of the numerous chinks between the boards.
当我晚上开始生火时，在我给房子抹灰之前，烟囱的烟雾特别好，因为木板之间有许多缝隙。
Yet I passed some cheerful evenings in that cool and airy apartment, surrounded by the rough brown boards full of knots, and rafters with the bark on high overhead.
然而，我在那间凉爽通风的公寓里度过了一些愉快的夜晚，周围是布满结节的粗糙棕色木板，头顶高高挂着树皮的椽子。
My house never pleased my eye so much after it was plastered, though I was obliged to confess that it was more comfortable.
我的房子在抹灰后从来没有这么让我眼花缭乱过，尽管我不得不承认它更舒服了。
Should not every apartment in which man dwells be lofty enough to create some obscurity over-head, where flickering shadows may play at evening about the rafters?
难道人类居住的每间公寓不都应该足够高，在头顶上制造一些朦胧的阴影，让闪烁的阴影在晚上在椽子周围玩耍吗？
These forms are more agreeable to the fancy and imagination than fresco paintings or other the most expensive furniture.
这些形式比壁画或其他最昂贵的家具更符合幻想和想象力。
I now first began to inhabit my house, I may say, when I began to use it for warmth as well as shelter.
我可以说，当我开始用它来取暖和庇护时，我现在第一次开始居住在我的房子里。
I had got a couple of old fire-dogs to keep the wood from the hearth, and it did me good to see the soot form on the back of the chimney which I had built, and I poked the fire with more right and more satisfaction than usual.
我有几个旧的消防犬来防止木头进入壁炉，看到我建造的烟囱背面的烟灰形式对我很有好处，我比平时更正确、更满意地戳火。
My dwelling was small, and I could hardly entertain an echo in it; but it seemed larger for being a single apartment and remote from neighbors.
我的住所很小，里面几乎听不到回声。但由于是单间公寓，而且离邻居较远，所以看起来更大。
All the attractions of a house were concentrated in one room; it was kitchen, chamber, parlor, and keeping-room; and whatever satisfaction parent or child, master or servant, derive from living in a house, I enjoyed it all.
一座房子的所有吸引力都集中在一个房间里；它是厨房、卧室、客厅和储藏室。无论父母或孩子，主人或仆人，住在房子里能得到什么满足，我都很享受。
Cato says, the master of a family (_patremfamilias_) must have in his rustic villa “cellam oleariam, vinariam, dolia multa, uti lubeat caritatem expectare, et rei, et virtuti, et gloriæ erit,” that is, “an oil and wine cellar, many casks, so that it may be pleasant to expect hard times; it will be for his advantage, and virtue, and glory.” I had in my cellar a firkin of potatoes, about two quarts of peas with the weevil in them, and on my shelf a little rice, a jug of molasses, and of rye and Indian meal a peck each.
卡托说，一个家庭的主人（_patremfamilias_）必须在他的乡村别墅中拥有“cellam oleariam, vinariam, dolia multa, uti lubeat caritatem Expectare, et rei, et virtuti, et gloriæ erit”，即“一个油窖和酒窖，许多木桶，这样可以愉快地度过困难时期；这将是为了他的优势、美德和荣耀。”我的地窖里有一小堆土豆，大约两夸脱的豌豆，里面有象鼻虫，架子上有一点米，一罐糖蜜，黑麦和印度粉各一配。
I sometimes dream of a larger and more populous house, standing in a golden age, of enduring materials, and without ginger-bread work, which shall still consist of only one room, a vast, rude, substantial, primitive hall, without ceiling or plastering, with bare rafters and purlins supporting a sort of lower heaven over one’s head,—useful to keep off rain and snow; where the king and queen posts stand out to receive your homage, when you have done reverence to the prostrate Saturn of an older dynasty on stepping over the sill; a cavernous house, wherein you must reach up a torch upon a pole to see the roof; where some may live in the fire-place, some in the recess of a window, and some on settles, some at one end of the hall, some at another, and some aloft on rafters with the spiders, if they choose; a house which you have got into when you have opened the outside door, and the ceremony is over; where the weary traveller may wash, and eat, and converse, and sleep, without further journey; such a shelter as you would be glad to reach in a tempestuous night, containing all the essentials of a house, and nothing for house-keeping; where you can see all the treasures of the house at one view, and every thing hangs upon its peg, that a man should use; at once kitchen, pantry, parlor, chamber, store-house, and garret; where you can see so necessary a thing as a barrel or a ladder, so convenient a thing as a cupboard, and hear the pot boil, and pay your respects to the fire that cooks your dinner and the oven that bakes your bread, and the necessary furniture and utensils are the chief ornaments; where the washing is not put out, nor the fire, nor the mistress, and perhaps you are sometimes requested to move from off the trap-door, when the cook would descend into the cellar, and so learn whether the ground is solid or hollow beneath you without stamping.
有时我会梦想一座更大、人口更多的房子，矗立在黄金时代，用耐久的材料建造，没有姜饼工，它仍然只有一个房间，一个巨大的、简陋的、坚固的、原始的大厅，没有天花板，也没有抹灰，光秃秃的椽子和檩条支撑着一个人头顶上的低层天堂——有助于阻挡雨雪；当您跨过窗台向古老王朝的土星致敬时，国王和王后的柱子会站出来接受您的致敬；一座洞穴般的房子，你必须在其中举起一根杆子上的火把才能看到屋顶；有些人可能住在壁炉里，有些人住在窗户的凹处，有些人住在长椅上，有些人住在大厅的一端，有些人住在另一边，有些人住在高处的椽子上，还有蜘蛛，如果他们愿意的话；当你打开外门就进入的房子，仪式就结束了；疲惫的旅人可以在那里洗澡、吃饭、交谈、睡觉，无需再走远路；在暴风雨的夜晚，你会很乐意到达这样一个庇护所，里面有房子的所有必需品，但没有任何家务用具；在那里你可以一眼看到房子里的所有宝物，每一样东西都挂在它的钉子上，供人使用；厨房、储藏室、客厅、房间、储藏室和阁楼；在那里你可以看到像桶或梯子这样必要的东西，像橱柜这样方便的东西，可以听到锅沸腾的声音，可以向做饭的火和烤面包的烤箱致敬，而必要的家具和器具是主要的装饰品；那里的衣服没有被扑灭，火也没有被扑灭，情妇也没有被扑灭，也许有时你会被要求离开活板门，当厨师下到地窖时，这样就可以了解你脚下的地面是实心的还是空心的，而无需跺脚。
A house whose inside is as open and manifest as a bird’s nest, and you cannot go in at the front door and out at the back without seeing some of its inhabitants; where to be a guest is to be presented with the freedom of the house, and not to be carefully excluded from seven eighths of it, shut up in a particular cell, and told to make yourself at home there,—in solitary confinement.
一所房子的内部像鸟巢一样开放和明显，你不能从前门进去，从后门出去，而不会看到里面的一些居民；在那里，做客就是享受房子里的自由，而不是被小心地排除在八分之七的房子之外，关在一个特定的牢房里，并被告知在那里要像在家里一样——单独监禁。
Nowadays the host does not admit you to _his_ hearth, but has got the mason to build one for yourself somewhere in his alley, and hospitality is the art of _keeping_ you at the greatest distance.
如今，主人不让你进入这个壁炉，而是让泥瓦匠在他的小巷里的某个地方为你自己建造一个壁炉，而热情好客是一门让你保持最大距离的艺术。
There is as much secrecy about the cooking as if he had a design to poison you.
烹饪的秘密就像他有一个计划要毒死你一样。
I am aware that I have been on many a man’s premises, and might have been legally ordered off, but I am not aware that I have been in many men’s houses.
我知道我去过很多男人的住所，并且可能被合法地勒令离开，但我不知道我去过很多男人的房子。
I might visit in my old clothes a king and queen who lived simply in such a house as I have described, if I were going their way; but backing out of a modern palace will be all that I shall desire to learn, if ever I am caught in one.
如果我走他们的路，我可能会穿着我的旧衣服去拜访一位国王和王后，他们住在我所描述的这样的房子里。但如果我被困在一座现代化的宫殿中，我所想学的就是从一座现代宫殿中退出。
It would seem as if the very language of our parlors would lose all its nerve and degenerate into _palaver_ wholly, our lives pass at such remoteness from its symbols, and its metaphors and tropes are necessarily so far fetched, through slides and dumb-waiters, as it were; in other words, the parlor is so far from the kitchen and workshop.
似乎我们客厅里的语言会失去所有的勇气，完全退化为“闲聊”，我们的生活与它的象征如此遥远，它的隐喻和比喻必然是牵强的，通过幻灯片和哑巴侍者，可以说；换句话说，客厅距离厨房和车间很远。
The dinner even is only the parable of a dinner, commonly.
通常，晚餐甚至只是晚餐的寓言。
As if only the savage dwelt near enough to Nature and Truth to borrow a trope from them.
仿佛只有野蛮人才足够接近自然和真理，才能借用他们的比喻。
How can the scholar, who dwells away in the North West Territory or the Isle of Man, tell what is parliamentary in the kitchen?
居住在西北地区或马恩岛的学者如何才能知道厨房里的议会是什么？
However, only one or two of my guests were ever bold enough to stay and eat a hasty-pudding with me; but when they saw that crisis approaching they beat a hasty retreat rather, as if it would shake the house to its foundations.
然而，只有一两个客人有足够的勇气留下来和我一起吃一份速食布丁。但当他们看到危机逼近时，他们却仓促撤退，仿佛这会动摇房子的地基。
Nevertheless, it stood through a great many hasty-puddings.
尽管如此，它还是经历了很多仓促的布丁。
I did not plaster till it was freezing weather.
直到天气寒冷我才抹灰。
I brought over some whiter and cleaner sand for this purpose from the opposite shore of the pond in a boat, a sort of conveyance which would have tempted me to go much farther if necessary.
为此，我用船从池塘对岸运来了一些更白、更干净的沙子，这种交通工具如果有必要的话，会诱使我走得更远。
My house had in the mean while been shingled down to the ground on every side.
与此同时，我的房子四面八方都被铺上了木瓦。
In lathing I was pleased to be able to send home each nail with a single blow of the hammer, and it was my ambition to transfer the plaster from the board to the wall neatly and rapidly.
在车床加工中，我很高兴能够用锤子一击就将每个钉子打回家，我的目标是将灰泥从木板上整齐而快速地转移到墙上。
I remembered the story of a conceited fellow, who, in fine clothes, was wont to lounge about the village once, giving advice to workmen.
我记得有一个自负的家伙的故事，他穿着漂亮的衣服，习惯在村子里闲逛，给工人提供建议。
Venturing one day to substitute deeds for words, he turned up his cuffs, seized a plasterer’s board, and having loaded his trowel without mishap, with a complacent look toward the lathing overhead, made a bold gesture thitherward; and straightway, to his complete discomfiture, received the whole contents in his ruffled bosom.
有一天，他冒险用行动代替言语，卷起袖口，抓起一块泥水匠的木板，毫无意外地将抹子装好，满意地看着头顶上的车床，做出了一个大胆的手势；令他彻底惊慌的是，所有的东西立刻就塞进了他皱起的怀里。
I admired anew the economy and convenience of plastering, which so effectually shuts out the cold and takes a handsome finish, and I learned the various casualties to which the plasterer is liable.
我重新钦佩抹灰的经济性和便利性，它能如此有效地抵御寒冷，并取得漂亮的效果，我还了解了抹灰工可能造成的各种伤亡。
I was surprised to see how thirsty the bricks were which drank up all the moisture in my plaster before I had smoothed it, and how many pailfuls of water it takes to christen a new hearth.
我惊讶地发现，在我抹平石膏之前，砖块是多么口渴，它们吸收了我的石膏中的所有水分，以及需要多少桶水来命名一个新壁炉。
I had the previous winter made a small quantity of lime by burning the shells of the _Unio fluviatilis_, which our river affords, for the sake of the experiment; so that I knew where my materials came from.
去年冬天，为了实验的目的，我通过燃烧河水河鱼的壳制成了少量石灰，我们的河流提供了这种水鱼。这样我就知道我的材料来自哪里。
I might have got good limestone within a mile or two and burned it myself, if I had cared to do so.
如果我愿意的话，我可能在一两英里内就能找到优质的石灰石，然后自己烧掉。
The pond had in the mean while skimmed over in the shadiest and shallowest coves, some days or even weeks before the general freezing.
与此同时，在全面结冰之前的几天甚至几周，池塘就在最阴暗和最浅的海湾中掠过。
The first ice is especially interesting and perfect, being hard, dark, and transparent, and affords the best opportunity that ever offers for examining the bottom where it is shallow; for you can lie at your length on ice only an inch thick, like a skater insect on the surface of the water, and study the bottom at your leisure, only two or three inches distant, like a picture behind a glass, and the water is necessarily always smooth then.
第一个冰特别有趣且完美，坚硬、黑暗且透明，为检查浅水底部提供了最佳机会；因为你可以躺在只有一英寸厚的冰上，就像水面上的溜冰昆虫一样，悠闲地研究底部，距离只有两三英寸，就像玻璃后面的一幅画，那时水必然总是光滑的。
There are many furrows in the sand where some creature has travelled about and doubled on its tracks; and, for wrecks, it is strewn with the cases of cadis worms made of minute grains of white quartz.
沙子上有许多沟壑，有某种生物曾在这些沟壑中行走，并在其踪迹上来回走动。对于沉船来说，它散布着由白色石英微小颗粒制成的卡迪斯蠕虫箱。
Perhaps these have creased it, for you find some of their cases in the furrows, though they are deep and broad for them to make.
也许这些已经把它弄皱了，因为你会在犁沟里找到他们的一些箱子，尽管它们对他们来说又深又宽。
But the ice itself is the object of most interest, though you must improve the earliest opportunity to study it.
但冰本身才是最令人感兴趣的对象，尽管您必须尽早有机会研究它。
If you examine it closely the morning after it freezes, you find that the greater part of the bubbles, which at first appeared to be within it, are against its under surface, and that more are continually rising from the bottom; while the ice is as yet comparatively solid and dark, that is, you see the water through it.
如果你在结冰后的第二天早上仔细检查它，你会发现最初出现在里面的大部分气泡都紧贴着它的下表面，并且更多的气泡不断从底部升起;虽然冰还比较坚固和黑暗，也就是说，你可以透过它看到水。
These bubbles are from an eightieth to an eighth of an inch in diameter, very clear and beautiful, and you see your face reflected in them through the ice.
这些气泡的直径为八十到八分之一英寸，非常清晰美丽，透过冰你可以看到你的脸倒映在其中。
There may be thirty or forty of them to a square inch.
每平方英寸可能有三十或四十个。
There are also already within the ice narrow oblong perpendicular bubbles about half an inch long, sharp cones with the apex upward; or oftener, if the ice is quite fresh, minute spherical bubbles one directly above another, like a string of beads.
冰内也已经出现了约半英寸长的狭长椭圆形垂直气泡，尖锐的圆锥体，顶点向上；或者更常见的是，如果冰很新鲜，微小的球形气泡会直接位于另一个之上，就像一串珠子一样。
But these within the ice are not so numerous nor obvious as those beneath.
但冰层内的这些物质并不像下面的物质那么多，也不那么明显。
I sometimes used to cast on stones to try the strength of the ice, and those which broke through carried in air with them, which formed very large and conspicuous white bubbles beneath.
有时我会扔石头来测试冰的强度，那些破裂的石头会带入空气，在下面形成非常大且明显的白色气泡。
One day when I came to the same place forty-eight hours afterward, I found that those large bubbles were still perfect, though an inch more of ice had formed, as I could see distinctly by the seam in the edge of a cake.
四十八小时后的一天，当我来到同一个地方时，我发现那些大气泡仍然是完美的，尽管多了一英寸的冰，正如我从蛋糕边缘的接缝处可以清楚地看到的那样。
But as the last two days had been very warm, like an Indian summer, the ice was not now transparent, showing the dark green color of the water, and the bottom, but opaque and whitish or gray, and though twice as thick was hardly stronger than before, for the air bubbles had greatly expanded under this heat and run together, and lost their regularity; they were no longer one directly over another, but often like silvery coins poured from a bag, one overlapping another, or in thin flakes, as if occupying slight cleavages.
但由于这两天天气非常暖和，就像小阳春一样，冰块现在并不透明，呈现出水的深绿色，而底部却是不透明的，呈白色或灰色，虽然厚了一倍，但也没有比以前更坚固，因为气泡在这种热量下大大膨胀并聚集在一起，失去了规律性；它们不再是一个直接叠在另一个上，而是常常像从袋子里倒出来的银币一样，一枚一枚重叠在一起，或者是薄片，仿佛占据了轻微的裂缝。
The beauty of the ice was gone, and it was too late to study the bottom.
冰的美丽已经消失，研究底部已经太晚了。
Being curious to know what position my great bubbles occupied with regard to the new ice, I broke out a cake containing a middling sized one, and turned it bottom upward.
我好奇地想知道我的大气泡相对于新冰的位置，于是我打开了一个包含中等大小气泡的蛋糕，然后将其底部朝上。
The new ice had formed around and under the bubble, so that it was included between the two ices.
新的冰在气泡周围和下方形成，因此它被包含在两块冰之间。
It was wholly in the lower ice, but close against the upper, and was flattish, or perhaps slightly lenticular, with a rounded edge, a quarter of an inch deep by four inches in diameter; and I was surprised to find that directly under the bubble the ice was melted with great regularity in the form of a saucer reversed, to the height of five eighths of an inch in the middle, leaving a thin partition there between the water and the bubble, hardly an eighth of an inch thick; and in many places the small bubbles in this partition had burst out downward, and probably there was no ice at all under the largest bubbles, which were a foot in diameter.
它完全位于下层冰中，但紧邻上层冰，呈扁平状，或者可能略呈透镜状，边缘呈圆形，深四分之一英寸，直径四英寸；我惊讶地发现，在气泡的正下方，冰以非常有规律的方式融化，以碟子的形式翻转，融化到中间的八分之五英寸的高度，在水和气泡之间留下了一个薄薄的隔断，厚度几乎不到八分之一英寸；在许多地方，隔断中的小气泡都向下破裂，而最大的气泡（直径为一英尺）下面可能根本没有冰。
I inferred that the infinite number of minute bubbles which I had first seen against the under surface of the ice were now frozen in likewise, and that each, in its degree, had operated like a burning glass on the ice beneath to melt and rot it.
我推断，我最初在冰下表面上看到的无数微小气泡现在也同样被冻结了，而且每个气泡在其程度上都像一块燃烧的玻璃一样在下面的冰上融化和腐烂。
These are the little air-guns which contribute to make the ice crack and whoop.
这些小气枪有助于使冰破裂并发出鸣叫声。
At length the winter set in in good earnest, just as I had finished plastering, and the wind began to howl around the house as if it had not had permission to do so till then.
终于，冬天正式来临了，就在我抹完灰泥的时候，风开始在房子周围呼啸，仿佛在那之前它没有得到许可。
Night after night the geese came lumbering in in the dark with a clangor and a whistling of wings, even after the ground was covered with snow, some to alight in Walden, and some flying low over the woods toward Fair Haven, bound for Mexico.
夜复一夜，大雁在黑暗中缓慢地飞来，发出铿锵声和翅膀的呼啸声，即使地面被雪覆盖，有些在瓦尔登湖降落，有些低空飞过树林，飞向费尔港，飞往墨西哥。
Several times, when returning from the village at ten or eleven o’clock at night, I heard the tread of a flock of geese, or else ducks, on the dry leaves in the woods by a pond-hole behind my dwelling, where they had come up to feed, and the faint honk or quack of their leader as they hurried off.
有几次，晚上十点或十一点钟从村里回来时，我听到一群鹅或鸭子在我家后面的一个池塘边的树林里的干树叶上踩踏的声音，它们是来这里吃食的，还有它们的领头者在匆忙离去时发出微弱的鸣叫声或嘎嘎声。
In 1845 Walden froze entirely over for the first time on the night of the 22d of December, Flint’s and other shallower ponds and the river having been frozen ten days or more; in ’46, the 16th; in ’49, about the 31st; and in ’50, about the 27th of December; in ’52, the 5th of January; in ’53, the 31st of December.
1845 年 12 月 22 日晚上，瓦尔登湖首次完全结冰，弗林特和其他较浅的池塘以及河流已经结冰了十天或更长时间； 46年，16日； 49年，大约31号； 50年代，12月27日左右； 52 年，1 月 5 日； 53年，12月31日。
The snow had already covered the ground since the 25th of November, and surrounded me suddenly with the scenery of winter.
从11月25日开始，雪就已经覆盖了大地，突然间，我周围就充满了冬天的景色。
I withdrew yet farther into my shell, and endeavored to keep a bright fire both within my house and within my breast.
我进一步退缩到我的壳里，努力让我的房子和我的胸膛里保持着明亮的火焰。
My employment out of doors now was to collect the dead wood in the forest, bringing it in my hands or on my shoulders, or sometimes trailing a dead pine tree under each arm to my shed.
我现在在户外的工作就是收集森林里的枯木，把它们拿在手里或扛在肩上，有时腋下拖着一棵枯死的松树到我的棚子里。
An old forest fence which had seen its best days was a great haul for me.
一个已经度过了最好时光的旧森林栅栏对我来说是一个巨大的收获。
I sacrificed it to Vulcan, for it was past serving the god Terminus.
我把它献给了伏尔甘，因为它已经不再侍奉终点神了。
How much more interesting an event is that man’s supper who has just been forth in the snow to hunt, nay, you might say, steal, the fuel to cook it with!
多么有趣的一件事是，人类的晚餐刚刚在雪地里狩猎，不，你可能会说，偷窃，做饭用的燃料！
His bread and meat are sweet.
他的面包和肉都很甜。
There are enough fagots and waste wood of all kinds in the forests of most of our towns to support many fires, but which at present warm none, and, some think, hinder the growth of the young wood.
我们大多数城镇的森林里都有足够的柴草和各种废木来支持许多火灾，但目前这些火都没有温暖，有些人认为，这些木柴和废木阻碍了幼木的生长。
There was also the drift-wood of the pond.
还有池塘里的浮木。
In the course of the summer I had discovered a raft of pitch-pine logs with the bark on, pinned together by the Irish when the railroad was built.
整个夏天，我发现了一大堆带树皮的松木，是爱尔兰人在修建铁路时用钉子钉在一起的。
This I hauled up partly on the shore.
我把它的一部分拖到岸上。
After soaking two years and then lying high six months it was perfectly sound, though waterlogged past drying.
经过两年的浸泡，然后高高地放置六个月后，尽管水渍已经干透，但它仍然完好无损。
I amused myself one winter day with sliding this piecemeal across the pond, nearly half a mile, skating behind with one end of a log fifteen feet long on my shoulder, and the other on the ice; or I tied several logs together with a birch withe, and then, with a longer birch or alder which had a hook at the end, dragged them across.
一个冬天的一天，我把这块碎片滑过池塘，滑了近半英里，在后面滑冰，一根十五英尺长的圆木的一端放在我的肩膀上，另一端放在冰上；或者我用桦木把几根圆木绑在一起，然后用一根较长的桦木或桤木，末端有一个钩子，把它们拖过去。
Though completely waterlogged and almost as heavy as lead, they not only burned long, but made a very hot fire; nay, I thought that they burned better for the soaking, as if the pitch, being confined by the water, burned longer, as in a lamp.
尽管它们完全被水浸透了，而且几乎和铅一样重，但它们不仅燃烧时间长，而且火非常热。不仅如此，我认为浸泡后它们燃烧得更好，就好像沥青被水限制了，燃烧得更久，就像在灯里一样。
Gilpin, in his account of the forest borderers of England, says that “the encroachments of trespassers, and the houses and fences thus raised on the borders of the forest,” were “considered as great nuisances by the old forest law, and were severely punished under the name of _purprestures_, as tending _ad terrorem ferarum—ad nocumentum forestæ_, &c.,” to the frightening of the game and the detriment of the forest.
吉尔平在他对英格兰森林边界的描述中说，“侵入者的侵占，以及在森林边界上建造的房屋和栅栏”，“被旧森林法视为极大的滋扰，并以_purprestures_的名义受到严厉惩罚，因为倾向于_ad treem ferarum - ad nocumentumforestæ_，等等”，以恐吓比赛和森林。对森林的损害。
But I was interested in the preservation of the venison and the vert more than the hunters or woodchoppers, and as much as though I had been the Lord Warden himself; and if any part was burned, though I burned it myself by accident, I grieved with a grief that lasted longer and was more inconsolable than that of the proprietors; nay, I grieved when it was cut down by the proprietors themselves.
但我对鹿肉和野味的保护比对猎人或樵夫更感兴趣，就好像我是典狱长本人一样。如果有任何部分被烧毁，虽然是我自己无意中烧毁的，但我的悲伤比业主的悲伤持续时间更长，更令人伤心。不，当它被业主自己砍倒时，我感到悲伤。
I would that our farmers when they cut down a forest felt some of that awe which the old Romans did when they came to thin, or let in the light to, a consecrated grove (_lucum conlucare_), that is, would believe that it is sacred to some god.
我希望我们的农民在砍伐森林时能感受到一些敬畏，就像古罗马人在稀疏或让光线进入神圣的树林（_lucum conlucare_）时所做的那样，也就是说，他们会相信它对某个神来说是神圣的。
The Roman made an expiatory offering, and prayed, Whatever god or goddess thou art to whom this grove is sacred, be propitious to me, my family, and children, &c.
罗马人献上了赎罪祭，并祈祷：无论你是哪一位神或女神，这片树林是神圣的，请保佑我、我的家人和孩子们等等。
It is remarkable what a value is still put upon wood even in this age and in this new country, a value more permanent and universal than that of gold.
值得注意的是，即使在这个时代和这个新国家，木材仍然具有比黄金更持久和普遍的价值。
After all our discoveries and inventions no man will go by a pile of wood.
在我们有了所有的发现和发明之后，没有人会经过一堆木头。
It is as precious to us as it was to our Saxon and Norman ancestors.
它对我们来说就像对我们的撒克逊和诺曼祖先一样珍贵。
If they made their bows of it, we make our gun-stocks of it.
如果他们用它制造弓，我们就用它制造枪托。
Michaux, more than thirty years ago, says that the price of wood for fuel in New York and Philadelphia “nearly equals, and sometimes exceeds, that of the best wood in Paris, though this immense capital annually requires more than three hundred thousand cords, and is surrounded to the distance of three hundred miles by cultivated plains.” In this town the price of wood rises almost steadily, and the only question is, how much higher it is to be this year than it was the last.
三十多年前，米肖说，纽约和费城的燃料木材价格“几乎等于，有时甚至超过巴黎最好的木材，尽管这座巨大的首都每年需要三十万多根绳子，而且周围都是三百英里的耕地平原。”在这个小镇，木材的价格几乎稳定上涨，唯一的问题是，今年的价格比去年高多少。
Mechanics and tradesmen who come in person to the forest on no other errand, are sure to attend the wood auction, and even pay a high price for the privilege of gleaning after the woodchopper.
专程来到森林的机械师和商人，肯定会参加木材拍卖会，甚至会花高价换取在伐木机后拾取的特权。
It is now many years that men have resorted to the forest for fuel and the materials of the arts; the New Englander and the New Hollander, the Parisian and the Celt, the farmer and Robinhood, Goody Blake and Harry Gill, in most parts of the world the prince and the peasant, the scholar and the savage, equally require still a few sticks from the forest to warm them and cook their food.
多年来，人们一直在森林中寻找燃料和艺术材料。新英格兰人和新荷兰人、巴黎人和凯尔特人、农民和罗宾汉、古迪·布莱克和哈里·吉尔，在世界大部分地区，王子和农民、学者和野蛮人都同样需要来自森林的几根木棍来取暖和做饭。
Neither could I do without them.
没有他们我也做不到。
Every man looks at his wood-pile with a kind of affection.
每个人都怀着一种深情地看着自己的柴堆。
I love to have mine before my window, and the more chips the better to remind me of my pleasing work.
我喜欢把我的碎片放在窗前，碎片越多越好，让我想起我令人愉快的工作。
I had an old axe which nobody claimed, with which by spells in winter days, on the sunny side of the house, I played about the stumps which I had got out of my bean-field.
我有一把无人认领的旧斧头，冬天的时候，我会时不时地在房子向阳的一面用它把从豆田里挖出来的树桩玩弄。
As my driver prophesied when I was ploughing, they warmed me twice, once while I was splitting them, and again when they were on the fire, so that no fuel could give out more heat.
正如我的司机预言的那样，当我犁地时，它们温暖了我两次，一次是在我劈开它们的时候，另一次是当它们着火的时候，这样就没有燃料可以散发出更多的热量。
As for the axe, I was advised to get the village blacksmith to “jump” it; but I jumped him, and, putting a hickory helve from the woods into it, made it do.
至于斧头，有人建议我让村里的铁匠来“跳”；但我跳了起来，把树林里的一个山核桃木柄放进去，就成功了。
If it was dull, it was at least hung true.
如果它很乏味，它至少是真实的。
A few pieces of fat pine were a great treasure.
几块肥松，简直就是一件大宝贝。
It is interesting to remember how much of this food for fire is still concealed in the bowels of the earth.
有趣的是，记住有多少火的食物仍然隐藏在地球的内部。
In previous years I had often gone “prospecting” over some bare hill-side, where a pitch-pine wood had formerly stood, and got out the fat pine roots.
前些年，我经常去一些光秃秃的山坡上“勘探”，那里原来是一片松树林，把肥大的松树根挖出来。
They are almost indestructible.
它们几乎是坚不可摧的。
Stumps thirty or forty years old, at least, will still be sound at the core, though the sapwood has all become vegetable mould, as appears by the scales of the thick bark forming a ring level with the earth four or five inches distant from the heart.
至少有三十或四十年历史的树桩，其核心仍然是完好的，尽管边材已经全部变成了植物霉菌，厚厚的树皮的鳞片形成了一个环，与距离心脏四五英寸的地面齐平。
With axe and shovel you explore this mine, and follow the marrowy store, yellow as beef tallow, or as if you had struck on a vein of gold, deep into the earth.
你用斧头和铲子探索这个矿井，沿着像牛油一样黄色的骨髓储备，或者就像你在地下深处敲击了一条金矿脉。
But commonly I kindled my fire with the dry leaves of the forest, which I had stored up in my shed before the snow came.
但通常我会用森林里的干树叶来生火，这些树叶是我在下雪前储存在棚屋里的。
Green hickory finely split makes the woodchopper’s kindlings, when he has a camp in the woods.
当樵夫在树林里扎营时，细碎的绿色山核桃可以作为樵夫的引火物。
Once in a while I got a little of this.
偶尔我会得到一点这样的东西。
When the villagers were lighting their fires beyond the horizon, I too gave notice to the various wild inhabitants of Walden vale, by a smoky streamer from my chimney, that I was awake.—
当村民们在地平线之外生火时，我也通过烟囱里冒出的烟雾通知瓦尔登谷的各种野生居民，我已经醒了。
Light-winged Smoke, Icarian bird, Melting thy pinions in thy upward flight, Lark without song, and messenger of dawn, Circling above the hamlets as thy nest; Or else, departing dream, and shadowy form Of midnight vision, gathering up thy skirts; By night star-veiling, and by day Darkening the light and blotting out the sun; Go thou my incense upward from this hearth, And ask the gods to pardon this clear flame.
轻翼烟，伊卡利亚鸟， 在向上飞翔中融化你的羽翼， 没有歌声的百灵鸟，黎明的使者， 盘旋在小村庄上空作为你的巢穴；或者，离去的梦境和午夜幻象的影子，卷起你的裙子；夜晚，星星被遮蔽，白天，光线变暗，遮蔽了太阳；请把我的香从这个壁炉上升起，祈求诸神宽恕这清澈的火焰。
Hard green wood just cut, though I used but little of that, answered my purpose better than any other.
刚刚砍下来的坚硬的绿色木材，虽然我只用了很少的东西，但比其他任何木材都更好地满足了我的目的。
I sometimes left a good fire when I went to take a walk in a winter afternoon; and when I returned, three or four hours afterward, it would be still alive and glowing.
冬天的午后散步时，有时我会留下一堆生火。三四个小时后，当我回来时，它仍然生机勃勃，闪闪发光。
My house was not empty though I was gone.
虽然我走了，但我的房子并不空。
It was as if I had left a cheerful housekeeper behind.
就好像我留下了一个开朗的管家。
It was I and Fire that lived there; and commonly my housekeeper proved trustworthy.
住在那里的是我和火；通常情况下，我的管家是值得信赖的。
One day, however, as I was splitting wood, I thought that I would just look in at the window and see if the house was not on fire; it was the only time I remember to have been particularly anxious on this score; so I looked and saw that a spark had caught my bed, and I went in and extinguished it when it had burned a place as big as my hand.
然而，有一天，当我劈柴时，我想我应该向窗户里看一下，看看房子是否着火了；这是我记忆中唯一一次在这个问题上特别焦虑的时候。于是我一看，发现我的床上有一个火花，我进去把它灭了，当时它已经烧到了我手掌那么大的地方。
But my house occupied so sunny and sheltered a position, and its roof was so low, that I could afford to let the fire go out in the middle of almost any winter day.
但我的房子阳光充足、遮风挡雨，而且屋顶很低，几乎在任何冬日里我都能让火熄灭。
The moles nested in my cellar, nibbling every third potato, and making a snug bed even there of some hair left after plastering and of brown paper; for even the wildest animals love comfort and warmth as well as man, and they survive the winter only because they are so careful to secure them.
鼹鼠在我的地窖里筑巢，每三个土豆就吃掉一次，甚至在那里还用抹灰后留下的一些头发和牛皮纸铺成了一张舒适的床；因为即使是最野生的动物也和人类一样热爱舒适和温暖，它们之所以能过冬只是因为它们非常小心地保护它们。
Some of my friends spoke as if I was coming to the woods on purpose to freeze myself.
我的一些朋友说得好像我是故意来树林里冻自己一样。
The animal merely makes a bed, which he warms with his body, in a sheltered place; but man, having discovered fire, boxes up some air in a spacious apartment, and warms that, instead of robbing himself, makes that his bed, in which he can move about divested of more cumbrous clothing, maintain a kind of summer in the midst of winter, and by means of windows even admit the light, and with a lamp lengthen out the day.
动物只是在一个有遮蔽的地方铺了一张床，用自己的身体取暖。但是，人类发现了火，就在宽敞的公寓里装了一些空气，取暖，而不是抢夺自己，而是把它当成自己的床，在里面走动，脱去更笨重的衣服，在隆冬中保持一种夏天的感觉，甚至可以通过窗户让光线进来，用灯延长白天的时间。
Thus he goes a step or two beyond instinct, and saves a little time for the fine arts.
因此，他超越了本能一两步，并为美术节省了一点时间。
Though, when I had been exposed to the rudest blasts a long time, my whole body began to grow torpid, when I reached the genial atmosphere of my house I soon recovered my faculties and prolonged my life.
虽然，当我长期遭受最猛烈的冲击时，我的整个身体开始变得迟钝，但当我到达我家的温馨气氛时，我很快就恢复了我的能力并延长了我的生命。
But the most luxuriously housed has little to boast of in this respect, nor need we trouble ourselves to speculate how the human race may be at last destroyed.
但在这方面，即使是最豪华的住房也没有什么值得夸耀的，我们也不需要费力去猜测人类最终会如何被毁灭。
It would be easy to cut their threads any time with a little sharper blast from the north.
如果从北方吹来更猛烈的风，随时都会轻易切断他们的线。
We go on dating from Cold Fridays and Great Snows; but a little colder Friday, or greater snow, would put a period to man’s existence on the globe.
我们从寒冷的星期五和大雪开始继续约会；但星期五稍微冷一点，或者降雪量更大一些，地球上人类的生存就会结束一段时间。
The next winter I used a small cooking-stove for economy, since I did not own the forest; but it did not keep fire so well as the open fire-place.
第二年冬天，为了经济起见，我用了一个小炉子，因为我不拥有森林。但它的防火性能不如开放式壁炉。
Cooking was then, for the most part, no longer a poetic, but merely a chemic process.
那时，烹饪在很大程度上不再是一个诗意的过程，而仅仅是一个化学过程。
It will soon be forgotten, in these days of stoves, that we used to roast potatoes in the ashes, after the Indian fashion.
在炉子盛行的今天，人们很快就会忘记我们曾经按照印度的方式在灰烬中烤土豆。
The stove not only took up room and scented the house, but it concealed the fire, and I felt as if I had lost a companion.
炉子不仅占据了空间，给房子带来了香味，而且遮住了火，我感觉好像失去了一个同伴。
You can always see a face in the fire.
你总能在火焰中看到一张脸。
The laborer, looking into it at evening, purifies his thoughts of the dross and earthiness which they have accumulated during the day.
劳动者在晚上凝视它，净化了他白天所积累的渣滓和泥土的思想。
But I could no longer sit and look into the fire, and the pertinent words of a poet recurred to me with new force.—
但我再也无法坐下来看着火了，一位诗人的中肯话语以新的力量重新浮现在我的脑海中——
“Never, bright flame, may be denied to me Thy dear, life imaging, close sympathy.
“明亮的火焰，永远不会剥夺我对你亲爱的、生命的想象、亲密的同情。
What but my hopes shot upward e’er so bright?
除了我的希望如此光明之外还能怎样？
What but my fortunes sunk so low in night?
难道我的运气一夜之间就这么低落了？
Why art thou banished from our hearth and hall, Thou who art welcomed and beloved by all?
你受到所有人的欢迎和爱戴，为什么却被逐出我们的壁炉和大厅？
Was thy existence then too fanciful For our life’s common light, who are so dull?
对于我们这般平淡无奇的人生普通之光来说，你的存在是否太过幻想？
Did thy bright gleam mysterious converse hold With our congenial souls?
你那明亮的光芒、神秘的对话是否与我们志趣相投的灵魂相契合？
secrets too bold?
秘密太大胆？
Well, we are safe and strong, for now we sit Beside a hearth where no dim shadows flit, Where nothing cheers nor saddens, but a fire Warms feet and hands—nor does to more aspire; By whose compact utilitarian heap The present may sit down and go to sleep, Nor fear the ghosts who from the dim past walked, And with us by the unequal light of the old wood fire talked.”
好吧，我们安全又坚强，因为现在我们坐在炉边，那里没有昏暗的阴影掠过，那里没有什么高兴或悲伤，只有火温暖脚和手——也没有更多的渴望；凭借其紧凑的功利堆，现在可以坐下来睡觉，也不必害怕从昏暗的过去走过的鬼魂，并与我们在古老的木火的不平等的光线下交谈。
Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors
前居民和冬季访客
I weathered some merry snow storms, and spent some cheerful winter evenings by my fire-side, while the snow whirled wildly without, and even the hooting of the owl was hushed.
我经历了一些快乐的暴风雪，在炉边度过了一些愉快的冬日夜晚，而外面的雪在疯狂地旋转，甚至猫头鹰的叫声也安静了。
For many weeks I met no one in my walks but those who came occasionally to cut wood and sled it to the village.
好几个星期以来，我在散步时没有遇到任何人，除了那些偶尔来砍柴并用雪橇运往村庄的人。
The elements, however, abetted me in making a path through the deepest snow in the woods, for when I had once gone through the wind blew the oak leaves into my tracks, where they lodged, and by absorbing the rays of the sun melted the snow, and so not only made a dry bed for my feet, but in the night their dark line was my guide.
然而，这些元素却促使我在树林里最深的雪中开辟出一条路，因为当我有一次穿过风时，橡树叶被吹到了我的轨道上，它们在那里停留，通过吸收阳光融化了雪，这样不仅为我的脚铺了一个干燥的床，而且在晚上，它们的黑线是我的指南。
For human society I was obliged to conjure up the former occupants of these woods.
为了人类社会，我不得不召唤出这些树林的前居住者。
Within the memory of many of my townsmen the road near which my house stands resounded with the laugh and gossip of inhabitants, and the woods which border it were notched and dotted here and there with their little gardens and dwellings, though it was then much more shut in by the forest than now.
在许多镇民的记忆中，我家附近的那条路回响着居民们的笑声和闲话，路边的树林里到处都是凹凸不平的小花园和住宅，尽管当时它比现在更被森林包围。
In some places, within my own remembrance, the pines would scrape both sides of a chaise at once, and women and children who were compelled to go this way to Lincoln alone and on foot did it with fear, and often ran a good part of the distance.
在我的记忆中，在某些地方，松树会同时刮伤马车的两侧，被迫独自步行前往林肯的妇女和儿童都怀着恐惧，常常跑完很长一段距离。
Though mainly but a humble route to neighboring villages, or for the woodman’s team, it once amused the traveller more than now by its variety, and lingered longer in his memory.
虽然主要是一条通往邻近村庄或樵夫队伍的简陋路线，但它的多样性曾经让旅行者比现在更开心，并在他的记忆中停留了更长时间。
Where now firm open fields stretch from the village to the woods, it then ran through a maple swamp on a foundation of logs, the remnants of which, doubtless, still underlie the present dusty highway, from the Stratton, now the Alms House, Farm, to Brister’s Hill.
现在，开阔的田野从村庄一直延伸到树林，然后穿过原木基础上的枫树沼泽，毫无疑问，原木的残余物仍然位于现在尘土飞扬的高速公路下面，从斯特拉顿，现在的救济院，农场到布里斯特山。
East of my bean-field, across the road, lived Cato Ingraham, slave of Duncan Ingraham, Esquire, gentleman, of Concord village, who built his slave a house, and gave him permission to live in Walden Woods;—Cato, not Uticensis, but Concordiensis.
在我的豆田东边，马路对面，住着卡托·英格拉汉姆，他是康科德村的绅士、绅士邓肯·英格拉汉姆的奴隶，他为他的奴隶建造了一座房子，并允许他住在瓦尔登森林；——卡托，不是尤蒂森斯，而是康科德斯。
Some say that he was a Guinea Negro.
有人说他是几内亚黑人。
There are a few who remember his little patch among the walnuts, which he let grow up till he should be old and need them; but a younger and whiter speculator got them at last.
有一些人还记得他在核桃中的那一小块土地，他让它们长大，直到他老了需要它们为止。但最终，一个更年轻、更白人的投机者得到了它们。
He too, however, occupies an equally narrow house at present.
然而，他现在也住着一间同样狭窄的房子。
Cato’s half-obliterated cellar hole still remains, though known to few, being concealed from the traveller by a fringe of pines.
卡托半被毁掉的地窖仍然存在，尽管很少有人知道，但它被松树边缘遮住了，对旅行者来说是看不见的。
It is now filled with the smooth sumach (_Rhus glabra_,) and one of the earliest species of golden-rod (_Solidago stricta_) grows there luxuriantly.
现在，这里长满了光滑的漆树（_Rhus glabra_），最早的黄花树品种之一（_Solidago stricta_）在那里繁茂地生长着。
Here, by the very corner of my field, still nearer to town, Zilpha, a colored woman, had her little house, where she spun linen for the townsfolk, making the Walden Woods ring with her shrill singing, for she had a loud and notable voice.
在这里，在我的田地的拐角处，离城镇更近，齐尔法，一个黑人妇女，有她的小房子，她在那里为镇上的人们纺亚麻布，她尖锐的歌声让瓦尔登森林响起，因为她的声音响亮而引人注目。
At length, in the war of 1812, her dwelling was set on fire by English soldiers, prisoners on parole, when she was away, and her cat and dog and hens were all burned up together.
最终，在 1812 年的战争中，她的住所被英国士兵和假释犯放火烧毁，她的猫、狗和母鸡也被一起烧毁。
She led a hard life, and somewhat inhumane.
她过着艰苦的生活，而且有些不人道。
One old frequenter of these woods remembers, that as he passed her house one noon he heard her muttering to herself over her gurgling pot,—“Ye are all bones, bones!” I have seen bricks amid the oak copse there.
一位经常光顾这片树林的老人们记得，一天中午，当他经过她家时，听到她对着咕咕作响的锅自言自语道：“你们都是骨头，骨头！”我在那里的橡树林中看到了砖块。
Down the road, on the right hand, on Brister’s Hill, lived Brister Freeman, “a handy Negro,” slave of Squire Cummings once,—there where grow still the apple-trees which Brister planted and tended; large old trees now, but their fruit still wild and ciderish to my taste.
沿路而下，右手边的布里斯特山上，住着布里斯特·弗里曼，“一个手巧的黑人”，曾经是卡明斯乡绅的奴隶，那里还长着布里斯特种植和照料的苹果树；现在树已经很大了，但它们的果实仍然是野生的，而且对我来说还是苹果味的。
Not long since I read his epitaph in the old Lincoln burying-ground, a little on one side, near the unmarked graves of some British grenadiers who fell in the retreat from Concord,—where he is styled “Sippio Brister,”—Scipio Africanus he had some title to be called,—“a man of color,” as if he were discolored.
不久前，我在老林肯墓地里读到了他的墓志铭，墓地的一侧不远，靠近一些从康科德撤退时阵亡的英国掷弹兵的无名坟墓，在那里他被称为“西皮奥·布里斯特”，西皮奥·阿非利加努斯，他有一个头衔，“一个有色人种”，就好像他变色了一样。
It also told me, with staring emphasis, when he died; which was but an indirect way of informing me that he ever lived.
它还以凝重的语气告诉我他去世的时间；这只是一种间接的方式告诉我他曾经存在过。
With him dwelt Fenda, his hospitable wife, who told fortunes, yet pleasantly,—large, round, and black, blacker than any of the children of night, such a dusky orb as never rose on Concord before or since.
和他住在一起的是芬达，他热情好客的妻子，她算命，但令人愉快——又大又圆，又黑，比任何夜之子都要黑，这样一个昏暗的球体以前或之后从未在康科德升起过。
Farther down the hill, on the left, on the old road in the woods, are marks of some homestead of the Stratton family; whose orchard once covered all the slope of Brister’s Hill, but was long since killed out by pitch pines, excepting a few stumps, whose old roots furnish still the wild stocks of many a thrifty village tree.
山下更远的地方，左边，在树林里的老路上，有斯特拉顿家族的一些宅基地的痕迹；他的果园曾经覆盖了布里斯特山的整个山坡，但早已被沥青松杀死了，除了一些树桩，它们的老根仍然是许多节俭的乡村树木的野生树干。
Nearer yet to town, you come to Breed’s location, on the other side of the way, just on the edge of the wood; ground famous for the pranks of a demon not distinctly named in old mythology, who has acted a prominent and astounding part in our New England life, and deserves, as much as any mythological character, to have his biography written one day; who first comes in the guise of a friend or hired man, and then robs and murders the whole family,—New-England Rum.
离城镇更近了，你来到了布里德的位置，在路的另一边，就在树林的边缘。这个地方因一个在古老神话中没有明确命名的恶魔的恶作剧而闻名，他在我们新英格兰的生活中扮演了一个突出而令人震惊的角色，并且像任何神话人物一样，有一天值得为他写传记；他首先以朋友或雇工的身份出现，然后抢劫并谋杀了全家人——新英格兰朗姆酒。
But history must not yet tell the tragedies enacted here; let time intervene in some measure to assuage and lend an azure tint to them.
但历史还不能讲述这里发生的悲剧；让时间以某种方式介入，以缓和并给它们涂上蔚蓝的色彩。
Here the most indistinct and dubious tradition says that once a tavern stood; the well the same, which tempered the traveller’s beverage and refreshed his steed.
这里最模糊和可疑的传统说，曾经有一家小酒馆；井同样如此，它给旅行者的饮料调和了，让他的马恢复了活力。
Here then men saluted one another, and heard and told the news, and went their ways again.
人们在这里互相行礼，听到并告知消息，然后又上路了。
Breed’s hut was standing only a dozen years ago, though it had long been unoccupied.
布里德的小屋十几年前才矗立着，尽管它早已无人居住。
It was about the size of mine.
它和我的差不多大。
It was set on fire by mischievous boys, one Election night, if I do not mistake.
如果我没记错的话，在选举之夜，它被淘气的男孩放火了。
I lived on the edge of the village then, and had just lost myself over Davenant’s Gondibert, that winter that I labored with a lethargy,—which, by the way, I never knew whether to regard as a family complaint, having an uncle who goes to sleep shaving himself, and is obliged to sprout potatoes in a cellar Sundays, in order to keep awake and keep the Sabbath, or as the consequence of my attempt to read Chalmers’ collection of English poetry without skipping.
那时我住在村子的边缘，刚刚迷失在达维南特的《贡迪伯特》中，那年冬天，我在昏昏欲睡的情况下工作，顺便说一句，我从来不知道这是否是一种家庭抱怨，有一个叔叔睡觉时自己刮胡子，周日不得不在地窖里发土豆，以保持清醒并遵守安息日，或者是因为我试图在不睡觉的情况下阅读查尔默斯的英国诗集。跳过。
It fairly overcame my Nervii.
它相当克服了我的Nervii。
I had just sunk my head on this when the bells rung fire, and in hot haste the engines rolled that way, led by a straggling troop of men and boys, and I among the foremost, for I had leaped the brook.
我刚低头思考这个问题，钟声就响了，引擎急忙朝那边滚去，由一群散乱的男人和男孩带领着，我在最前面，因为我跳过了小溪。
We thought it was far south over the woods,—we who had run to fires before,—barn, shop, or dwelling-house, or all together.
我们以为那是在树林的南边——我们以前曾跑过火场——谷仓、商店、住宅，或者全部都在一起。
“It’s Baker’s barn,” cried one.
“这是贝克的谷仓，”其中一人喊道。
“It is the Codman place,” affirmed another.
“这是科德曼的地方，”另一个人肯定道。
And then fresh sparks went up above the wood, as if the roof fell in, and we all shouted “Concord to the rescue!” Wagons shot past with furious speed and crushing loads, bearing, perchance, among the rest, the agent of the Insurance Company, who was bound to go however far; and ever and anon the engine bell tinkled behind, more slow and sure; and rearmost of all, as it was afterward whispered, came they who set the fire and gave the alarm.
然后新的火花在木头上升起，就像屋顶塌陷一样，我们都大喊“协和来救援！”马车以惊人的速度和压碎的负载疾驰而过，在其他人中，也许载着保险公司的代理人，不管他能走多远；引擎铃声时不时地在后面叮当作响，更加缓慢而确定。据后来的传闻，最后面是放火并发出警报的人。
Thus we kept on like true idealists, rejecting the evidence of our senses, until at a turn in the road we heard the crackling and actually felt the heat of the fire from over the wall, and realized, alas!
因此，我们像真正的理想主义者一样继续前进，拒绝接受我们感官的证据，直到在路的拐角处，我们听到了噼啪声，并真正感受到了墙外火焰的热量，然后意识到，唉！
that we were there.
我们在那里。
The very nearness of the fire but cooled our ardor.
火势如此之近，却冷却了我们的热情。
At first we thought to throw a frog-pond on to it; but concluded to let it burn, it was so far gone and so worthless.
起初我们想在上面建一个青蛙池塘；但最终决定让它烧掉，它已经消失得无影无踪，毫无价值了。
So we stood round our engine, jostled one another, expressed our sentiments through speaking-trumpets, or in lower tone referred to the great conflagrations which the world has witnessed, including Bascom’s shop, and, between ourselves, we thought that, were we there in season with our “tub,” and a full frog-pond by, we could turn that threatened last and universal one into another flood.
于是我们站在引擎周围，互相推挤，通过喇叭表达我们的情感，或者用低沉的声音提到世界目睹的大火，包括巴斯科姆的商店，我们私下里想，如果我们带着我们的“浴缸”和一个满是青蛙的池塘在那儿，我们可以把最后一次威胁和普遍的洪水变成另一场洪水。
We finally retreated without doing any mischief,—returned to sleep and Gondibert.
我们最终没有做出任何恶作剧，就撤退了——回去睡觉了，冈迪伯特也回去了。
But as for Gondibert, I would except that passage in the preface about wit being the soul’s powder,—“but most of mankind are strangers to wit, as Indians are to powder.”
但至于冈迪伯特，我不同意序言中关于智慧是灵魂粉末的那段话，“但大多数人类对智慧都是陌生的，就像印第安人对粉末一样。”
It chanced that I walked that way across the fields the following night, about the same hour, and hearing a low moaning at this spot, I drew near in the dark, and discovered the only survivor of the family that I know, the heir of both its virtues and its vices, who alone was interested in this burning, lying on his stomach and looking over the cellar wall at the still smouldering cinders beneath, muttering to himself, as is his wont.
第二天晚上，大约在同一时间，我沿着这条路穿过田野，听到这里传来一声低沉的呻吟声，我在黑暗中走近，发现了我所认识的这个家族的唯一幸存者，他是这个家族美德和罪恶的继承人，只有他对这场燃烧感兴趣，他趴在地上，越过地窖的墙壁，看着下面仍在闷烧的煤渣，像往常一样自言自语。
He had been working far off in the river meadows all day, and had improved the first moments that he could call his own to visit the home of his fathers and his youth.
他一整天都在遥远的河边草地上工作，并在第一时间利用自己的时间去拜访他父亲和他年轻时的家。
He gazed into the cellar from all sides and points of view by turns, always lying down to it, as if there was some treasure, which he remembered, concealed between the stones, where there was absolutely nothing but a heap of bricks and ashes.
他从四面八方、各个角度轮番地凝视地窖，总是趴在地窖里，仿佛有什么他记得的宝藏，藏在石头之间，那里除了一堆砖头和灰烬之外什么也没有。
The house being gone, he looked at what there was left.
房子消失了，他看着剩下的东西。
He was soothed by the sympathy which my mere presence implied, and showed me, as well as the darkness permitted, where the well was covered up; which, thank Heaven, could never be burned; and he groped long about the wall to find the well-sweep which his father had cut and mounted, feeling for the iron hook or staple by which a burden had been fastened to the heavy end,—all that he could now cling to,—to convince me that it was no common “rider.” I felt it, and still remark it almost daily in my walks, for by it hangs the history of a family.
我的存在所暗示的同情使他感到安慰，并在黑暗允许的情况下向我展示了井被掩盖的地方；感谢老天，它永远不会被烧毁；他在墙上摸索了很长时间，找到了他父亲切割和安装的井扫，摸索着将重物固定在沉重一端的铁钩或订书钉——所有这些都是他现在可以抓住的——让我相信这不是一个普通的“骑手”。我感觉到了这一点，并且几乎每天散步时仍然会提到它，因为它记载着一个家族的历史。
Once more, on the left, where are seen the well and lilac bushes by the wall, in the now open field, lived Nutting and Le Grosse.
再一次，在左边，可以看到墙边的水井和紫丁香灌木丛，在现在空旷的田野里，住着纳丁和勒格罗斯。
But to return toward Lincoln.
但回到林肯。
Farther in the woods than any of these, where the road approaches nearest to the pond, Wyman the potter squatted, and furnished his townsmen with earthen ware, and left descendants to succeed him.
陶工怀曼在比这些树林更远、距离池塘最近的地方蹲下，为他的镇民提供陶器，并留下了继承他的后代。
Neither were they rich in worldly goods, holding the land by sufferance while they lived; and there often the sheriff came in vain to collect the taxes, and “attached a chip,” for form’s sake, as I have read in his accounts, there being nothing else that he could lay his hands on.
他们也没有拥有丰富的世俗财富，在活着的时候就靠着苦难占有土地。正如我在他的叙述中读到的那样，治安官常常徒劳无功地收税，并为了形式而“附上筹码”，因为他没有其他可以抓到的东西。
One day in midsummer, when I was hoeing, a man who was carrying a load of pottery to market stopped his horse against my field and inquired concerning Wyman the younger.
盛夏的一天，当我锄地时，一个背着一车陶器去市场的人在我的田边停下了马，询问小怀曼的情况。
He had long ago bought a potter’s wheel of him, and wished to know what had become of him.
他早就给他买了一个陶轮，想知道他怎么样了。
I had read of the potter’s clay and wheel in Scripture, but it had never occurred to me that the pots we use were not such as had come down unbroken from those days, or grown on trees like gourds somewhere, and I was pleased to hear that so fictile an art was ever practiced in my neighborhood.
我在《圣经》中读到过陶工的粘土和轮子，但我从来没有想到我们使用的陶器不是从那时起完好无损的，或者像葫芦一样长在树上的某个地方，我很高兴听到我的邻居曾经实践过如此虚构的艺术。
The last inhabitant of these woods before me was an Irishman, Hugh Quoil (if I have spelt his name with coil enough,) who occupied Wyman’s tenement,—Col.
在我之前这片树林的最后一个居民是一位爱尔兰人，休·奎伊尔（如果我足够仔细地拼写他的名字的话），他占据了怀曼的公寓，——上校。
Quoil, he was called.
奎尔，他被称为。
Rumor said that he had been a soldier at Waterloo.
有传言说他曾是滑铁卢的一名士兵。
If he had lived I should have made him fight his battles over again.
如果他还活着，我应该让他重新开始战斗。
His trade here was that of a ditcher.
他在这里的职业是挖沟者。
Napoleon went to St. Helena; Quoil came to Walden Woods.
拿破仑去了圣赫勒拿岛；奎尔来到瓦尔登森林。
All I know of him is tragic.
我所知道的关于他的一切都是悲剧。
He was a man of manners, like one who had seen the world, and was capable of more civil speech than you could well attend to.
他是一个有礼貌的人，就像一个见过世面的人，并且能够说比你能听懂的更文明的演讲。
He wore a great coat in mid-summer, being affected with the trembling delirium, and his face was the color of carmine.
他穿着盛夏的大衣，浑身发抖，神志不清，脸色呈胭脂红。
He died in the road at the foot of Brister’s Hill shortly after I came to the woods, so that I have not remembered him as a neighbor.
我来到树林后不久，他就死在了布里斯特山脚下的路上，所以我不记得他是邻居。
Before his house was pulled down, when his comrades avoided it as “an unlucky castle,” I visited it.
在他的房子被拆掉之前，当他的战友们将其视为“不幸的城堡”时，我参观了它。
There lay his old clothes curled up by use, as if they were himself, upon his raised plank bed.
他的旧衣服因使用而卷曲起来，就躺在他高高的木板床上，就好像它们就是他自己一样。
His pipe lay broken on the hearth, instead of a bowl broken at the fountain.
他的烟斗坏了，放在炉边，而不是喷泉边的碗。
The last could never have been the symbol of his death, for he confessed to me that, though he had heard of Brister’s Spring, he had never seen it; and soiled cards, kings of diamonds spades and hearts, were scattered over the floor.
最后一个永远不可能成为他死亡的象征，因为他向我承认，虽然他听说过布里斯特泉，但他从未见过它；他从来没有见过它。肮脏的纸牌、黑桃、方块、黑桃K，散落在地板上。
One black chicken which the administrator could not catch, black as night and as silent, not even croaking, awaiting Reynard, still went to roost in the next apartment.
一只管理员抓不到的黑鸡，漆黑如夜，寂静无声，甚至没有呱呱叫，等待着雷纳德，却仍然栖息在隔壁公寓里。
In the rear there was the dim outline of a garden, which had been planted but had never received its first hoeing, owing to those terrible shaking fits, though it was now harvest time.
后面有一个花园的模糊轮廓，花园已经种好了，但由于那些可怕的摇晃，从未接受过第一次锄地，尽管现在是收获季节。
It was over-run with Roman wormwood and beggar-ticks, which last stuck to my clothes for all fruit.
里面长满了罗马艾草和乞丐蜱，最后粘在我衣服上的所有水果。
The skin of a woodchuck was freshly stretched upon the back of the house, a trophy of his last Waterloo; but no warm cap or mittens would he want more.
土拨鼠的皮新鲜地摊在房子后面，这是他最后一次滑铁卢的战利品；但他不想再有保暖的帽子或手套了。
Now only a dent in the earth marks the site of these dwellings, with buried cellar stones, and strawberries, raspberries, thimble-berries, hazel-bushes, and sumachs growing in the sunny sward there; some pitch-pine or gnarled oak occupies what was the chimney nook, and a sweet-scented black-birch, perhaps, waves where the door-stone was.
现在，只有地球上的一个凹痕标志着这些住宅的所在地，埋藏着地窖的石头，草莓、覆盆子、顶针浆果、榛树和漆树生长在阳光明媚的草地上；烟囱角落里长着一些松树或粗糙的橡树，门石所在的地方也许还长着一棵散发着香味的黑桦树。
Sometimes the well dent is visible, where once a spring oozed; now dry and tearless grass; or it was covered deep,—not to be discovered till some late day,—with a flat stone under the sod, when the last of the race departed.
有时井的凹痕清晰可见，那里曾经有泉水渗出；现在草干枯了，没有眼泪；或者，当最后一名参赛者离开时，草皮下面被一块平坦的石头深深地覆盖着——直到有一天才被发现。
What a sorrowful act must that be,—the covering up of wells!
掩盖水井，这该是多么可悲的行为啊！
coincident with the opening of wells of tears.
与泪水之井的开放同时发生。
These cellar dents, like deserted fox burrows, old holes, are all that is left where once were the stir and bustle of human life, and “fate, free-will, foreknowledge absolute,” in some form and dialect or other were by turns discussed.
这些地窖的凹痕，就像荒废的狐狸洞、古老的洞穴，是曾经喧嚣的人类生活所留下的一切，“命运、自由意志、绝对的预知”以某种形式和方言或其他方式被轮流讨论。
But all I can learn of their conclusions amounts to just this, that “Cato and Brister pulled wool;” which is about as edifying as the history of more famous schools of philosophy.
但我从他们的结论中所能了解到的就只有这样，“卡托和布里斯特拉羊毛；”这与更著名的哲学流派的历史一样具有启发性。
Still grows the vivacious lilac a generation after the door and lintel and the sill are gone, unfolding its sweet-scented flowers each spring, to be plucked by the musing traveller; planted and tended once by children’s hands, in front-yard plots,—now standing by wall-sides in retired pastures, and giving place to new-rising forests;—the last of that stirp, sole survivor of that family.
门、门楣和窗台消失了一代人之后，仍然生长着生机勃勃的紫丁香，每年春天开放其芬芳的花朵，供沉思的旅行者采摘；曾经由孩子们在前院的土地上种植和照料——现在矗立在退休牧场的墙边，取而代之的是新崛起的森林；——最后的马镫，这个家庭唯一的幸存者。
Little did the dusky children think that the puny slip with its two eyes only, which they stuck in the ground in the shadow of the house and daily watered, would root itself so, and outlive them, and house itself in the rear that shaded it, and grown man’s garden and orchard, and tell their story faintly to the lone wanderer a half century after they had grown up and died,—blossoming as fair, and smelling as sweet, as in that first spring.
肤色黝黑的孩子们没想到，那只长着两只眼睛的小花，被他们插在房子阴影下的地里，每天浇水，竟然会扎根，比他们活得更久，把自己安置在遮荫的后面，以及成年人的花园和果园里，在他们长大和死去半个世纪后，向孤独的流浪者隐隐约约地讲述他们的故事——花开得美丽，闻起来香甜，就像第一个春天一样。
I mark its still tender, civil, cheerful, lilac colors.
我注意到它仍然温柔、文明、欢快、淡紫色。
But this small village, germ of something more, why did it fail while Concord keeps its ground?
但这个小村庄，却孕育着更多的东西，为什么它却失败了，而康科德却坚守阵地呢？
Were there no natural advantages,—no water privileges, forsooth?
难道就没有自然优势吗——确实没有水的特权吗？
Ay, the deep Walden Pond and cool Brister’s Spring,—privilege to drink long and healthy draughts at these, all unimproved by these men but to dilute their glass.
哎，深邃的瓦尔登湖和清凉的布里斯特泉——有权利在这些地方畅饮健康的啤酒，这些人除了稀释他们的杯子外，没有对所有这些进行改进。
They were universally a thirsty race.
他们普遍是一个饥渴的种族。
Might not the basket, stable-broom, mat-making, corn-parching, linen-spinning, and pottery business have thrived here, making the wilderness to blossom like the rose, and a numerous posterity have inherited the land of their fathers?
难道篮子、马厩扫帚、制席子、烤玉米、纺麻、陶器业不是都在这里兴盛起来，使荒野像玫瑰一样盛开，无数子孙继承了他们祖先的土地吗？
The sterile soil would at least have been proof against a low-land degeneracy.
贫瘠的土壤至少可以防止低地退化。
Alas!
唉!
how little does the memory of these human inhabitants enhance the beauty of the landscape!
这些人类居民的记忆对风景之美的增强是多么微不足道啊！
Again, perhaps, Nature will try, with me for a first settler, and my house raised last spring to be the oldest in the hamlet.
也许，大自然会再次尝试，让我成为第一个定居者，我的房子去年春天建成，成为这个小村庄最古老的房子。
I am not aware that any man has ever built on the spot which I occupy.
我不知道有人在我占据的地方建造过建筑。
Deliver me from a city built on the site of a more ancient city, whose materials are ruins, whose gardens cemeteries.
把我从一座建在一座更古老的城市的遗址上的城市救出来，它的材料是废墟，它的花园是墓地。
The soil is blanched and accursed there, and before that becomes necessary the earth itself will be destroyed.
那里的土壤被漂白并受到诅咒，在此之前，地球本身将被毁灭。
With such reminiscences I repeopled the woods and lulled myself asleep.
怀着这样的回忆，我重新回到了树林里，让自己安然入睡。
At this season I seldom had a visitor.
这个季节我很少见到客人。
When the snow lay deepest no wanderer ventured near my house for a week or fortnight at a time, but there I lived as snug as a meadow mouse, or as cattle and poultry which are said to have survived for a long time buried in drifts, even without food; or like that early settler’s family in the town of Sutton, in this state, whose cottage was completely covered by the great snow of 1717 when he was absent, and an Indian found it only by the hole which the chimney’s breath made in the drift, and so relieved the family.
当雪下得最深的时候，一周或两周的时间里，没有流浪者冒险靠近我的房子，但我在那里过着舒适的生活，就像一只田鼠，或者像牛和家禽一样，据说这些牛和家禽被埋在雪堆里存活了很长时间，甚至没有食物。或者就像这个州萨顿镇的那个早期定居者的家人一样，当他不在时，他们的小屋完全被 1717 年的大雪覆盖了，一个印第安人只是通过烟囱的呼吸在雪堆中形成的洞才发现了它，因此一家人松了口气。
But no friendly Indian concerned himself about me; nor needed he, for the master of the house was at home.
但没有一个友好的印第安人关心我；他也不需要，因为房子的主人在家。
The Great Snow!
大雪！
How cheerful it is to hear of!
听到这个消息是多么高兴啊！
When the farmers could not get to the woods and swamps with their teams, and were obliged to cut down the shade trees before their houses, and when the crust was harder, cut off the trees in the swamps, ten feet from the ground, as it appeared the next spring.
当农民们无法随队到达树林和沼泽地时，不得不砍掉自家门前的遮荫树，当地壳变硬时，就砍掉沼泽地里的树木，距离地面十英尺，就像第二年春天出现的那样。
In the deepest snows, the path which I used from the highway to my house, about half a mile long, might have been represented by a meandering dotted line, with wide intervals between the dots.
在最深的积雪中，我从高速公路到家的小路大约有半英里长，可能会用一条蜿蜒的虚线来表示，点之间的间隔很宽。
For a week of even weather I took exactly the same number of steps, and of the same length, coming and going, stepping deliberately and with the precision of a pair of dividers in my own deep tracks,—to such routine the winter reduces us,—yet often they were filled with heaven’s own blue.
在天气晴朗的一周里，我走了完全相同的步数，同样的长度，来来去去，小心翼翼地迈着一步，精确地在我自己的深轨道上行走，——冬天让我们习惯了这样的习惯，——但它们常常充满了天堂自己的蓝色。
But no weather interfered fatally with my walks, or rather my going abroad, for I frequently tramped eight or ten miles through the deepest snow to keep an appointment with a beech-tree, or a yellow-birch, or an old acquaintance among the pines; when the ice and snow causing their limbs to droop, and so sharpening their tops, had changed the pines into fir-trees; wading to the tops of the highest hills when the snow was nearly two feet deep on a level, and shaking down another snow-storm on my head at every step; or sometimes creeping and floundering thither on my hands and knees, when the hunters had gone into winter quarters.
但天气并没有对我的散步或出国造成致命的干扰，因为我经常在最深的积雪中徒步八到十英里，去与一棵山毛榉树、一棵黄桦树或松林中的一位老熟人约会；当冰雪使它们的四肢下垂，从而使它们的顶部变得锋利时，松树变成了冷杉；当积雪接近两英尺深时，涉水爬上最高的山顶，每走一步，头顶上都会落下一场暴风雪。有时，当猎人进入冬季营地时，我会用手和膝盖爬行、挣扎。
One afternoon I amused myself by watching a barred owl (_Strix nebulosa_) sitting on one of the lower dead limbs of a white-pine, close to the trunk, in broad daylight, I standing within a rod of him.
一天下午，我在光天化日之下看着一只斑纹猫头鹰（_Strix nebulosa_）坐在一棵白松的下死枝上，靠近树干，我站在它的一根杆子之内，以此自娱自乐。
He could hear me when I moved and cronched the snow with my feet, but could not plainly see me.
当我移动并用脚踩雪时，他能听到我的声音，但看不到我。
When I made most noise he would stretch out his neck, and erect his neck feathers, and open his eyes wide; but their lids soon fell again, and he began to nod.
当我发出最大的声音时，他会伸长脖子，竖起脖子上的羽毛，睁大眼睛；但他们的眼皮很快又落了下来，他开始点头。
I too felt a slumberous influence after watching him half an hour, as he sat thus with his eyes half open, like a cat, winged brother of the cat.
看了他半个小时后，我也感到一种睡意，他就这样半睁着眼睛坐着，就像一只猫，猫的长翅膀的兄弟。
There was only a narrow slit left between their lids, by which he preserved a peninsular relation to me; thus, with half-shut eyes, looking out from the land of dreams, and endeavoring to realize me, vague object or mote that interrupted his visions.
他们的眼睑之间只剩下一条狭窄的缝隙，通过这条缝隙，他与我保持着半岛般的关系。于是，他半闭着眼睛，从梦境中向外望去，努力认清我这个模糊的物体或微粒，打断了他的视野。
At length, on some louder noise or my nearer approach, he would grow uneasy and sluggishly turn about on his perch, as if impatient at having his dreams disturbed; and when he launched himself off and flapped through the pines, spreading his wings to unexpected breadth, I could not hear the slightest sound from them.
最后，当听到更大的噪音或我靠近时，他会变得不安，在栖木上缓慢地转身，仿佛不耐烦自己的梦想被打扰。当他腾空而起，拍打翅膀穿过松树，将翅膀张开到意想不到的程度时，我听不到松树发出的任何声音。
Thus, guided amid the pine boughs rather by a delicate sense of their neighborhood than by sight, feeling his twilight way as it were with his sensitive pinions, he found a new perch, where he might in peace await the dawning of his day.
因此，在松树枝间的引导下，他对周围环境的敏锐感觉而不是视觉，就像用他敏感的小齿轮一样感受着他的暮色之路，他找到了一个新的栖息地，在那里他可以平静地等待他的一天的黎明。
As I walked over the long causeway made for the railroad through the meadows, I encountered many a blustering and nipping wind, for nowhere has it freer play; and when the frost had smitten me on one cheek, heathen as I was, I turned to it the other also.
当我走过草地上通往铁路的长长堤道时，我遇到了许多狂风，因为没有比这里更自由的玩耍了。当霜冻在我的一侧脸颊上时，虽然我是个异教徒，但我的另一侧脸颊也受到了霜冻的影响。
Nor was it much better by the carriage road from Brister’s Hill.
从布里斯特山过来的马路也好不了多少。
For I came to town still, like a friendly Indian, when the contents of the broad open fields were all piled up between the walls of the Walden road, and half an hour sufficed to obliterate the tracks of the last traveller.
因为我仍然像一个友好的印第安人一样来到城里，当时宽阔的田野里的东西都堆在瓦尔登路的墙壁之间，半个小时就足以抹去最后一个旅行者的踪迹。
And when I returned new drifts would have formed, through which I floundered, where the busy north-west wind had been depositing the powdery snow round a sharp angle in the road, and not a rabbit’s track, nor even the fine print, the small type, of a meadow mouse was to be seen.
当我回来时，新的雪堆会形成，我在雪堆中挣扎，繁忙的西北风把粉状的雪沉积在路上的一个锐角上，看不到兔子的踪迹，甚至也看不到田鼠的细小字体。
Yet I rarely failed to find, even in mid-winter, some warm and springly swamp where the grass and the skunk-cabbage still put forth with perennial verdure, and some hardier bird occasionally awaited the return of spring.
然而，即使是在隆冬，我也很少会发现一些温暖而充满春天的沼泽，那里的青草和臭菘仍然常年翠绿，偶尔还有一些更坚强的鸟儿等待着春天的回归。
Sometimes, notwithstanding the snow, when I returned from my walk at evening I crossed the deep tracks of a woodchopper leading from my door, and found his pile of whittlings on the hearth, and my house filled with the odor of his pipe.
有时，尽管下着雪，傍晚散步回来时，我还是穿过从门口引出的伐木机留下的深深的痕迹，发现炉边堆满了他的木屑，我的房子里充满了他烟斗的气味。
Or on a Sunday afternoon, if I chanced to be at home, I heard the cronching of the snow made by the step of a long-headed farmer, who from far through the woods sought my house, to have a social “crack;” one of the few of his vocation who are “men on their farms;” who donned a frock instead of a professor’s gown, and is as ready to extract the moral out of church or state as to haul a load of manure from his barn-yard.
或者在周日下午，如果我碰巧在家，我会听到一位长头农夫的脚步声踩在雪上发出的嘎吱声，他从很远的树林里寻找我的房子，以进行社交“裂缝”；他的职业中为数不多的“农场里的人”之一；他穿着一件连衣裙而不是教授的礼服，并且准备好从教堂或国家中提取道德，就像从他的谷仓院子里拖运一车粪便一样。
We talked of rude and simple times, when men sat about large fires in cold bracing weather, with clear heads; and when other dessert failed, we tried our teeth on many a nut which wise squirrels have long since abandoned, for those which have the thickest shells are commonly empty.
我们谈论了粗鲁而简单的时光，当时人们在寒冷的天气里坐在篝火旁，头脑清醒；当其他甜点失败时，我们尝试了许多坚果，聪明的松鼠早已放弃了这些坚果，因为那些壳最厚的坚果通常是空的。
The one who came from farthest to my lodge, through deepest snows and most dismal tempests, was a poet.
那位从最远的地方穿过最深的雪和最阴沉的暴风雨来到我的小屋的人是一位诗人。
A farmer, a hunter, a soldier, a reporter, even a philosopher, may be daunted; but nothing can deter a poet, for he is actuated by pure love.
农民、猎人、士兵、记者，甚至哲学家，都可能会感到畏惧；但没有什么能阻止诗人，因为他是被纯粹的爱所驱动的。
Who can predict his comings and goings?
谁能预测他的来去？
His business calls him out at all hours, even when doctors sleep.
他的工作让他无时无刻都在忙碌，甚至在医生睡觉的时候也是如此。
We made that small house ring with boisterous mirth and resound with the murmur of much sober talk, making amends then to Walden vale for the long silences.
我们让那间小房子里充满了喧闹的欢笑，并回响着许多清醒谈话的低语，为瓦尔登谷的长期沉默做出了补偿。
Broadway was still and deserted in comparison.
相比之下，百老汇显得寂静而荒凉。
At suitable intervals there were regular salutes of laughter, which might have been referred indifferently to the last uttered or the forth-coming jest.
每隔一段适当的时间，就会有规律地发出笑声，这可能是对最后所说的或即将发生的笑话的漠不关心。
We made many a “bran new” theory of life over a thin dish of gruel, which combined the advantages of conviviality with the clear-headedness which philosophy requires.
我们通过一盘稀粥提出了许多“全新”的生活理论，它结合了欢乐的优点和哲学所要求的清醒头脑。
I should not forget that during my last winter at the pond there was another welcome visitor, who at one time came through the village, through snow and rain and darkness, till he saw my lamp through the trees, and shared with me some long winter evenings.
我不应该忘记，在我在池塘边的最后一个冬天，还有一位受欢迎的访客，他有一次穿过村庄，穿过雪、雨和黑暗，直到他透过树林看到我的灯，并与我分享了一些漫长的冬夜。
One of the last of the philosophers,—Connecticut gave him to the world,—he peddled first her wares, afterwards, as he declares, his brains.
作为最后一位哲学家之一——康涅狄格州将他奉献给了世界——他首先兜售她的商品，然后，正如他所宣称的那样，兜售他的大脑。
These he peddles still, prompting God and disgracing man, bearing for fruit his brain only, like the nut its kernel.
他仍然兜售这些，刺激上帝并羞辱人类，只结出他的大脑的果实，就像坚果的果仁一样。
I think that he must be the man of the most faith of any alive.
我认为他一定是世上最有信仰的人。
His words and attitude always suppose a better state of things than other men are acquainted with, and he will be the last man to be disappointed as the ages revolve.
他的言语和态度总是比其他人所熟悉的情况更好，随着时代的发展，他将是最后一个感到失望的人。
He has no venture in the present.
他目前没有冒险。
But though comparatively disregarded now, when his day comes, laws unsuspected by most will take effect, and masters of families and rulers will come to him for advice.—
尽管现在相对被忽视，但当他的日子到来时，大多数人都没有想到的法律将会生效，家族的主人和统治者都会向他寻求建议。
“How blind that cannot see serenity!”
“多么盲目啊，看不到宁静！”
A true friend of man; almost the only friend of human progress.
人类真正的朋友；几乎是人类进步的唯一朋友。
An Old Mortality, say rather an Immortality, with unwearied patience and faith making plain the image engraven in men’s bodies, the God of whom they are but defaced and leaning monuments.
一种古老的凡人，更确切地说是一种不朽，以不知疲倦的耐心和信仰，使刻在人类身体上的形象变得清晰，他们只是被污损和倾斜的纪念碑的上帝。
With his hospitable intellect he embraces children, beggars, insane, and scholars, and entertains the thought of all, adding to it commonly some breadth and elegance.
他以其热情好客的才智拥抱儿童、乞丐、疯子和学者，并招待所有人的思想，通常为其增添一些广度和优雅。
I think that he should keep a caravansary on the world’s highway, where philosophers of all nations might put up, and on his sign should be printed, “Entertainment for man, but not for his beast.
我认为他应该在世界高速公路上开一个商队，让各国哲学家都可以在那里驻扎，他的牌子上应该写着：“为人类提供娱乐，而不是为他的野兽提供娱乐。
Enter ye that have leisure and a quiet mind, who earnestly seek the right road.” He is perhaps the sanest man and has the fewest crotchets of any I chance to know; the same yesterday and tomorrow.
你们那些有闲心、安静心、认真寻求正道的人请进来。”他也许是我所认识的人中最理智、最有怪癖的人。昨天和明天都一样。
Of yore we had sauntered and talked, and effectually put the world behind us; for he was pledged to no institution in it, freeborn, _ingenuus_.
昔日，我们闲逛、交谈，实际上把世界抛在了身后。因为他没有承诺加入其中的任何机构，生来自由，_ingenuus_。
Whichever way we turned, it seemed that the heavens and the earth had met together, since he enhanced the beauty of the landscape.
无论我们转向哪个方向，都仿佛天地交汇在一起，因为他增强了风景的美丽。
A blue-robed man, whose fittest roof is the overarching sky which reflects his serenity.
一个蓝袍男子，最适合他的屋顶是反映他平静的天空。
I do not see how he can ever die; Nature cannot spare him.
我不知道他怎么会死；大自然无法饶恕他。
Having each some shingles of thought well dried, we sat and whittled them, trying our knives, and admiring the clear yellowish grain of the pumpkin pine.
每个人的思想木瓦都干燥后，我们坐下来削它们，尝试我们的刀，欣赏南瓜松清澈的淡黄色纹理。
We waded so gently and reverently, or we pulled together so smoothly, that the fishes of thought were not scared from the stream, nor feared any angler on the bank, but came and went grandly, like the clouds which float through the western sky, and the mother-o’-pearl flocks which sometimes form and dissolve there.
我们如此轻轻地、虔诚地涉水，或者说我们如此顺利地聚在一起，思想之鱼不惧溪流，也不惧怕岸上的钓鱼者，而是庄严地来来去去，就像飘过西边天空的云彩，和在那里时而形成、时而消散的珍珠母群。
There we worked, revising mythology, rounding a fable here and there, and building castles in the air for which earth offered no worthy foundation.
我们在那里工作，修改神话，到处编造寓言，建造空中楼阁，但地球上没有任何有价值的基础。
Great Looker!
伟大的观察者！
Great Expecter!
伟大的期待者！
to converse with whom was a New England Night’s Entertainment.
与谁交谈的是新英格兰之夜的娱乐节目。
Ah!
啊!
such discourse we had, hermit and philosopher, and the old settler I have spoken of,—we three,—it expanded and racked my little house; I should not dare to say how many pounds’ weight there was above the atmospheric pressure on every circular inch; it opened its seams so that they had to be calked with much dulness thereafter to stop the consequent leak;—but I had enough of that kind of oakum already picked.
我们，隐士和哲学家，以及我所说的老定居者，我们三个人，进行了这样的谈话，它扩大了我的小房子，并折磨了我。我不敢说每一圆英寸上有多少磅的重量高于大气压力；它的接缝张开了，因此必须用很钝的方法将接缝填缝起来，以防止随之而来的泄漏；——但我已经受够了那种已经采摘的橡木了。
There was one other with whom I had “solid seasons,” long to be remembered, at his house in the village, and who looked in upon me from time to time; but I had no more for society there.
还有一个人，我在他村里的家里度过了一段令人难忘的“充实的时光”，他时不时地来看望我。但我对那里的社会没有更多的兴趣。
There too, as every where, I sometimes expected the Visitor who never comes.
与其他地方一样，我有时也期待着永远不会到来的访客。
The Vishnu Purana says, “The house-holder is to remain at eventide in his court-yard as long as it takes to milk a cow, or longer if he pleases, to await the arrival of a guest.” I often performed this duty of hospitality, waited long enough to milk a whole herd of cows, but did not see the man approaching from the town.
《毗湿奴往世书》中说：“黄昏时分，主人要在自己的院子里待到挤牛奶的时间，或者如果他愿意的话，可以待更长时间，以等待客人的到来。”我经常履行这种招待义务，等了很久才挤完一整群牛的奶，却没有看到那个人从镇上过来。
Winter Animals
冬季动物
When the ponds were firmly frozen, they afforded not only new and shorter routes to many points, but new views from their surfaces of the familiar landscape around them.
当池塘完全结冰时，它们不仅提供了通往许多地点的新的和更短的路线，而且从其表面可以看到周围熟悉的景观的新景观。
When I crossed Flint’s Pond, after it was covered with snow, though I had often paddled about and skated over it, it was so unexpectedly wide and so strange that I could think of nothing but Baffin’s Bay.
当我穿过弗林特池塘时，它被雪覆盖了，虽然我经常在它上面划船、滑冰，但它出乎意料地宽阔、陌生，除了巴芬湾，我什么也想不到。
The Lincoln hills rose up around me at the extremity of a snowy plain, in which I did not remember to have stood before; and the fishermen, at an indeterminable distance over the ice, moving slowly about with their wolfish dogs, passed for sealers or Esquimaux, or in misty weather loomed like fabulous creatures, and I did not know whether they were giants or pygmies.
林肯山在我周围拔地而起，位于一片雪原的尽头，我不记得曾经站在过那里。渔民们在冰面上相隔一段不可确定的距离，带着他们的狼狗缓慢地移动，被误认为是捕猎海豹的人或爱斯基摩人，或者在雾蒙蒙的天气里，他们像神话般的生物一样若隐若现，我不知道他们是巨人还是侏儒。
I took this course when I went to lecture in Lincoln in the evening, travelling in no road and passing no house between my own hut and the lecture room.
当我晚上去林肯演讲时，我选修了这门课程，在我自己的小屋和演讲室之间没有任何道路，也没有经过任何房屋。
In Goose Pond, which lay in my way, a colony of muskrats dwelt, and raised their cabins high above the ice, though none could be seen abroad when I crossed it.
在挡住我去路的鹅塘里，栖息着一群麝香鼠，它们的小屋高高地耸立在冰面上，尽管当我穿过它时，外面看不到任何麝香鼠。
Walden, being like the rest usually bare of snow, or with only shallow and interrupted drifts on it, was my yard, where I could walk freely when the snow was nearly two feet deep on a level elsewhere and the villagers were confined to their streets.
瓦尔登湖和其他地方一样，通常没有积雪，或者只有浅浅且断断续续的积雪，它是我的院子，当其他地方的积雪接近两英尺深、村民们被限制在街道上时，我可以在那里自由行走。
There, far from the village street, and except at very long intervals, from the jingle of sleigh-bells, I slid and skated, as in a vast moose-yard well trodden, overhung by oak woods and solemn pines bent down with snow or bristling with icicles.
在那里，远离村庄的街道，除了间隔很长的一段时间，雪橇铃的叮当作响之外，我滑行、滑冰，就像在一个被踩踏过的巨大驼鹿场，周围覆盖着橡树林和庄严的松树，它们被雪压弯了，或者竖立着冰柱。
For sounds in winter nights, and often in winter days, I heard the forlorn but melodious note of a hooting owl indefinitely far; such a sound as the frozen earth would yield if struck with a suitable plectrum, the very _lingua vernacula_ of Walden Wood, and quite familiar to me at last, though I never saw the bird while it was making it.
在冬夜里，常常在冬日里，我听到远处猫头鹰的叫声，凄凉而悠扬。如果用合适的拨片敲击冰冻的土地就会发出这样的声音，这是瓦尔登森林的语言，我终于很熟悉了，尽管我从未见过那只鸟在发出声音。
I seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing it; _Hoo hoo hoo, hoorer, hoo,_ sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented somewhat like _how der do_; or sometimes _hoo hoo_ only.
冬天的晚上，我很少打开门而不听到它的声音。 _Hoo hoo hoo，hoorer，hoo，_听起来响亮，前三个音节的重音有点像_how der do_；或者有时只是_呼呼_。
One night in the beginning of winter, before the pond froze over, about nine o’clock, I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they flew low over my house.
初冬的一天晚上，九点左右，池塘结冰之前，我被一只大雁的叫声吓了一跳，走到门口，就听见它们低低飞过我家上空，翅膀的声音就像树林里的暴风雨。
They passed over the pond toward Fair Haven, seemingly deterred from settling by my light, their commodore honking all the while with a regular beat.
他们越过池塘朝费尔港驶去，似乎被我的灯光吓住了，他们的准将一直按着有节奏的喇叭鸣叫。
Suddenly an unmistakable cat-owl from very near me, with the most harsh and tremendous voice I ever heard from any inhabitant of the woods, responded at regular intervals to the goose, as if determined to expose and disgrace this intruder from Hudson’s Bay by exhibiting a greater compass and volume of voice in a native, and _boo-hoo_ him out of Concord horizon.
突然，一只明显的猫头鹰从离我很近的地方传来，用我从树林里的任何居民那里听到过的最刺耳、最巨大的声音，每隔一段时间就对鹅作出回应，仿佛决心通过展示本地人更大的指南针和音量来揭露和羞辱这个来自哈德逊湾的入侵者，并将他从康科德的地平线中驱逐出去。
What do you mean by alarming the citadel at this time of night consecrated to me?
你在这个深夜向我奉献的城堡发出警报是什么意思？
Do you think I am ever caught napping at such an hour, and that I have not got lungs and a larynx as well as yourself?
你认为我在这样的时间打瞌睡，而且我没有你那样的肺和喉吗？
_Boo-hoo, boo-hoo, boo-hoo!_ It was one of the most thrilling discords I ever heard.
_嘘嘘，嘘嘘，嘘嘘！_这是我听过的最激动人心的不和谐声音之一。
And yet, if you had a discriminating ear, there were in it the elements of a concord such as these plains never saw nor heard.
然而，如果你有一双善于辨别的耳朵，你会发现其中蕴含着这些平原从未见过或听过的和谐元素。
I also heard the whooping of the ice in the pond, my great bed-fellow in that part of Concord, as if it were restless in its bed and would fain turn over, were troubled with flatulency and had dreams; or I was waked by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one had driven a team against my door, and in the morning would find a crack in the earth a quarter of a mile long and a third of an inch wide.
我还听到池塘里的冰发出呼呼的声音，我在康科德那儿的同床伙伴，好像它在床上焦躁不安，想要翻身，饱受胀气困扰，做着梦；或者我被霜冻地面的裂缝吵醒，好像有人驱赶一队人撞我的门，早上会发现地上有一条四分之一英里长、三分之一英寸宽的裂缝。
Sometimes I heard the foxes as they ranged over the snow crust, in moonlight nights, in search of a partridge or other game, barking raggedly and demoniacally like forest dogs, as if laboring with some anxiety, or seeking expression, struggling for light and to be dogs outright and run freely in the streets; for if we take the ages into our account, may there not be a civilization going on among brutes as well as men?
有时，我听见狐狸在月光之夜，在雪地里走来走去，寻找鹧鸪或其他猎物，像森林狗一样粗暴而恶魔般地吠叫，仿佛带着某种焦虑在劳作，或寻求表达，为光明而奋斗，彻底成为狗，在街上自由奔跑；因为如果我们考虑到岁月的流逝，难道野兽和人类之间就不会存在文明吗？
They seemed to me to be rudimental, burrowing men, still standing on their defence, awaiting their transformation.
在我看来，他们是原始的穴居人，仍然坚守阵地，等待着转变。
Sometimes one came near to my window, attracted by my light, barked a vulpine curse at me, and then retreated.
有时，有一只被我的光吸引，靠近我的窗户，对我发出狐狸般的咒骂，然后就退开。
Usually the red squirrel (_Sciurus Hudsonius_) waked me in the dawn, coursing over the roof and up and down the sides of the house, as if sent out of the woods for this purpose.
通常，红松鼠（_Sciurus Hudsonius_）会在黎明时叫醒我，它会在屋顶上和房子的两侧来回跑来跑去，就好像为了这个目的而从树林里派来的一样。
In the course of the winter I threw out half a bushel of ears of sweet-corn, which had not got ripe, on to the snow crust by my door, and was amused by watching the motions of the various animals which were baited by it.
冬天的时候，我把半蒲式耳还没熟的甜玉米穗扔到门边的雪地上，看着被它引诱的各种动物的动作，觉得很有趣。
In the twilight and the night the rabbits came regularly and made a hearty meal.
黄昏和夜晚，兔子们定期过来，做了一顿丰盛的饭菜。
All day long the red squirrels came and went, and afforded me much entertainment by their manœuvres.
一整天，红松鼠来来去去，它们的动作给我带来了很多乐趣。
One would approach at first warily through the shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his “trotters,” as if it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in the universe were fixed on him,—for all the motions of a squirrel, even in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as those of a dancing girl,—wasting more time in delay and circumspection than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance,—I never saw one walk,—and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be in the top of a young pitch-pine, winding up his clock and chiding all imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at the same time,—for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was aware of, I suspect.
一开始，人们会小心翼翼地穿过橡树林，在雪地上断断续续地奔跑，就像一片被风吹动的树叶，现在以惊人的速度向这边跑几步，但浪费了精力，用他的“小蹄”做出不可思议的匆忙，仿佛是为了打赌，现在又像那样跑了很多步，但一次从来没有超过半根棍子；然后突然停了下来，脸上带着可笑的表情和无缘无故的萨默塞特，仿佛宇宙中所有的眼睛都注视着他，因为松鼠的所有动作，即使是在森林最偏僻的隐蔽处，也意味着像舞女一样的观众，在拖延和谨慎上浪费的时间比走完整个距离要多，我从来没有见过一个人走路，然后突然，在你可以之前杰克·罗宾逊说，他会在一棵年轻的松树顶上，给时钟上发条，斥责所有想象中的观众，自言自语，同时与整个宇宙交谈——我怀疑，出于我无法察觉的原因，或者他本人也没有意识到。
At length he would reach the corn, and selecting a suitable ear, frisk about in the same uncertain trigonometrical way to the top-most stick of my wood-pile, before my window, where he looked me in the face, and there sit for hours, supplying himself with a new ear from time to time, nibbling at first voraciously and throwing the half-naked cobs about; till at length he grew more dainty still and played with his food, tasting only the inside of the kernel, and the ear, which was held balanced over the stick by one paw, slipped from his careless grasp and fell to the ground, when he would look over at it with a ludicrous expression of uncertainty, as if suspecting that it had life, with a mind not made up whether to get it again, or a new one, or be off; now thinking of corn, then listening to hear what was in the wind.
最后，他会到达玉米地，选择一个合适的玉米穗，以同样不确定的三角方式在我窗前的木柴堆最上面的一根棍子上翻来覆去，在那里他看着我的脸，在那里坐上几个小时，时不时地给自己提供一个新的玉米穗，一开始贪婪地啃咬，然后把半裸的玉米棒子扔来扔去；然后他就开始吃玉米了。直到最后，他变得更加美味，玩弄着食物，只品尝果仁的内部，而用一只爪子保持在棍子上平衡的耳朵，从他粗心的手中滑落并掉到了地上，当他用一种可笑的不确定表情看着它时，仿佛怀疑它有生命，没有决定是再次得到它，还是一个新的，还是离开；现在想着玉米，然后聆听风中的声音。
So the little impudent fellow would waste many an ear in a forenoon; till at last, seizing some longer and plumper one, considerably bigger than himself, and skilfully balancing it, he would set out with it to the woods, like a tiger with a buffalo, by the same zig-zag course and frequent pauses, scratching along with it as if it were too heavy for him and falling all the while, making its fall a diagonal between a perpendicular and horizontal, being determined to put it through at any rate;—a singularly frivolous and whimsical fellow;—and so he would get off with it to where he lived, perhaps carry it to the top of a pine tree forty or fifty rods distant, and I would afterwards find the cobs strewn about the woods in various directions.
所以这个无礼的小家伙一个上午就会浪费很多人的耳朵。直到最后，他抓起一根更长、更丰满、比他大得多的东西，巧妙地平衡它，带着它到树林里去，就像老虎带着水牛一样，沿着同样的之字形路线，不断停顿，沿着它刮擦着，好像它对他来说太重了，同时一直下落，让它下落成垂直和水平之间的对角线，无论如何都要让它通过；——一个非常轻浮和异想天开的家伙；——所以他会把它带到他住的地方，也许把它带到四十或五十杆远的一棵松树顶上，然后我会发现玉米棒子散落在树林的各个方向。
At length the jays arrive, whose discordant screams were heard long before, as they were warily making their approach an eighth of a mile off, and in a stealthy and sneaking manner they flit from tree to tree, nearer and nearer, and pick up the kernels which the squirrels have dropped.
松鸦终于到达了，很久以前就听到了它们不和谐的尖叫声，它们小心翼翼地接近八分之一英里，它们以一种偷偷摸摸的方式从一棵树飞到另一棵树，越来越近，并捡起松鼠掉下的谷粒。
Then, sitting on a pitch-pine bough, they attempt to swallow in their haste a kernel which is too big for their throats and chokes them; and after great labor they disgorge it, and spend an hour in the endeavor to crack it by repeated blows with their bills.
然后，他们坐在一根油松树枝上，试图匆忙吞下一颗果仁，但果仁对于他们的喉咙来说太大了，导致他们窒息。经过一番努力后，他们才把它吐出来，并花了一个小时，用嘴反复敲击，试图将它弄碎。
They were manifestly thieves, and I had not much respect for them; but the squirrels, though at first shy, went to work as if they were taking what was their own.
他们显然是小偷，我对他们不太尊重。但松鼠们虽然一开始很害羞，但还是开始工作了，就好像它们在拿走自己的东西一样。
Meanwhile also came the chickadees in flocks, which, picking up the crumbs the squirrels had dropped, flew to the nearest twig, and, placing them under their claws, hammered away at them with their little bills, as if it were an insect in the bark, till they were sufficiently reduced for their slender throats.
与此同时，成群结队的山雀也来了，它们捡起松鼠掉下的面包屑，飞到最近的树枝上，把它们放在爪子下，用小嘴敲打它们，就像树皮上的昆虫一样，直到它们被细长的喉咙压扁为止。
A little flock of these tit-mice came daily to pick a dinner out of my wood-pile, or the crumbs at my door, with faint flitting lisping notes, like the tinkling of icicles in the grass, or else with sprightly _day day day_, or more rarely, in spring-like days, a wiry summery _phe-be_ from the wood-side.
每天都会有一小群山雀鼠从我的柴堆里或门边的面包屑里捡起晚餐，带着微弱的口齿不清的声音，就像草丛中冰柱的叮当声，或者带着活泼的“一天一天一天”，或者更罕见的是，在春天般的日子里，从树林边传来一种细长的夏日“phe-be”。
They were so familiar that at length one alighted on an armful of wood which I was carrying in, and pecked at the sticks without fear.
它们是如此熟悉，以至于最后有一只落在了我抱进去的一抱木头上，毫无畏惧地啄着木棍。
I once had a sparrow alight upon my shoulder for a moment while I was hoeing in a village garden, and I felt that I was more distinguished by that circumstance than I should have been by any epaulet I could have worn.
有一次，当我在村里的花园里锄地时，一只麻雀停在了我的肩膀上，我觉得那种情况比我本来可以佩戴的任何肩章都更加引人注目。
The squirrels also grew at last to be quite familiar, and occasionally stepped upon my shoe, when that was the nearest way.
松鼠们也终于变得很熟悉了，偶尔会踩到我的鞋子，当那是最近的路时。
When the ground was not yet quite covered, and again near the end of winter, when the snow was melted on my south hill-side and about my wood-pile, the partridges came out of the woods morning and evening to feed there.
当地面还没有完全被覆盖的时候，又是冬天快结束的时候，当我南边的山坡和我的柴堆周围的积雪融化的时候，鹧鸪早晚从树林里出来到那里吃食。
Whichever side you walk in the woods the partridge bursts away on whirring wings, jarring the snow from the dry leaves and twigs on high, which comes sifting down in the sun-beams like golden dust; for this brave bird is not to be scared by winter.
无论你走在树林的哪一边，鹧鸪都会展开呼呼的翅膀飞走，震碎高处干树叶和树枝上的雪，雪在阳光下像金色的灰尘一样落下来；因为这只勇敢的鸟不会被冬天吓到。
It is frequently covered up by drifts, and, it is said, “sometimes plunges from on wing into the soft snow, where it remains concealed for a day or two.” I used to start them in the open land also, where they had come out of the woods at sunset to “bud” the wild apple-trees.
它经常被雪堆覆盖，据说，“有时会从机翼坠入柔软的雪中，在那里隐藏一两天。”我也常常在开阔的土地上开始它们，日落时它们从树林里出来，让野苹果树“发芽”。
They will come regularly every evening to particular trees, where the cunning sportsman lies in wait for them, and the distant orchards next the woods suffer thus not a little.
它们每天晚上都会定期来到特定的树林里，狡猾的运动员就埋伏在那里等待它们，而树林旁边远处的果园也因此受到了不小的影响。
I am glad that the partridge gets fed, at any rate.
无论如何，我很高兴鹧鸪能得到喂食。
It is Nature’s own bird which lives on buds and diet-drink.
它是大自然的鸟类，以花蕾和减肥饮料为生。
In dark winter mornings, or in short winter afternoons, I sometimes heard a pack of hounds threading all the woods with hounding cry and yelp, unable to resist the instinct of the chase, and the note of the hunting horn at intervals, proving that man was in the rear.
在冬日漆黑的早晨，或冬日短暂的午后，有时我会听到一群猎犬在树林里穿梭，无法抗拒追逐的本能，发出猎犬的叫声和狂吠，时不时传来狩猎号角的声音，证明有人在后面。
The woods ring again, and yet no fox bursts forth on to the open level of the pond, nor following pack pursuing their Actæon.
树林再次响起，但没有狐狸冲向开阔的池塘，也没有跟随狼群追赶它们的阿克泰翁。
And perhaps at evening I see the hunters returning with a single brush trailing from their sleigh for a trophy, seeking their inn.
也许到了晚上，我会看到猎人带着一根灌木从雪橇上拖下来，寻找战利品，寻找他们的客栈。
They tell me that if the fox would remain in the bosom of the frozen earth he would be safe, or if he would run in a straight line away no fox-hound could overtake him; but, having left his pursuers far behind, he stops to rest and listen till they come up, and when he runs he circles round to his old haunts, where the hunters await him.
他们告诉我，如果狐狸留在冰冻大地的怀抱里，他就会安全，或者如果他径直跑开，猎狐犬就无法追上他；但如果狐狸能继续留在冰冻大地的怀抱中，他就会安全。但是，当他把追赶者远远抛在身后时，他停下来休息，听着他们的声音，直到他们出现，当他奔跑时，他绕着他的老巢，猎人在那里等待着他。
Sometimes, however, he will run upon a wall many rods, and then leap off far to one side, and he appears to know that water will not retain his scent.
然而，有时他会在墙上跑很多根棍子，然后跳到很远的一侧，他似乎知道水不会保留他的气味。
A hunter told me that he once saw a fox pursued by hounds burst out on to Walden when the ice was covered with shallow puddles, run part way across, and then return to the same shore.
一位猎人告诉我，他曾经看到一只狐狸被猎犬追赶，当冰面上布满浅水坑时，他冲向瓦尔登湖，跑了一半，然后又回到了同一岸边。
Ere long the hounds arrived, but here they lost the scent.
不久，猎犬就到了，但在这里他们失去了气味。
Sometimes a pack hunting by themselves would pass my door, and circle round my house, and yelp and hound without regarding me, as if afflicted by a species of madness, so that nothing could divert them from the pursuit.
有时，一群独自狩猎的狼群会经过我的门，围着我的房子转，不顾我地叫喊着猎犬，仿佛患有某种疯狂，所以没有什么可以阻止他们的追逐。
Thus they circle until they fall upon the recent trail of a fox, for a wise hound will forsake every thing else for this.
它们就这样盘旋，直到发现狐狸最近的踪迹，因为聪明的猎犬会为此放弃一切。
One day a man came to my hut from Lexington to inquire after his hound that made a large track, and had been hunting for a week by himself.
有一天，一个男人从列克星敦来到我的小屋，询问他的猎犬的情况，那条猎犬已经独自狩猎了一个星期，留下了一大片踪迹。
But I fear that he was not the wiser for all I told him, for every time I attempted to answer his questions he interrupted me by asking, “What do you do here?” He had lost a dog, but found a man.
但我担心他并不比我告诉他的更聪明，因为每次我试图回答他的问题时，他都会打断我，问道：“你在这里做什么？”他失去了一只狗，但却找到了一个人。
One old hunter who has a dry tongue, who used to come to bathe in Walden once every year when the water was warmest, and at such times looked in upon me, told me that many years ago he took his gun one afternoon and went out for a cruise in Walden Wood; and as he walked the Wayland road he heard the cry of hounds approaching, and ere long a fox leaped the wall into the road, and as quick as thought leaped the other wall out of the road, and his swift bullet had not touched him.
一位口干舌燥的老猎人每年都会在水最温暖的时候来瓦尔登湖沐浴一次，每当这个时候他就会来看望我，他告诉我，很多年前的一个下午，他带着枪去瓦尔登湖森林巡游；后来，他来到了瓦尔登湖。当他走在韦兰路上时，他听到猎犬的叫声正在逼近，不久一只狐狸就从墙边跳到了路上，然后又以最快的速度从路上的另一堵墙跳了出来，而他那迅捷的子弹并没有击中他。
Some way behind came an old hound and her three pups in full pursuit, hunting on their own account, and disappeared again in the woods.
后面不远的地方，一只老猎犬和她的三只小狗全力追赶，为自己狩猎，然后又消失在树林里。
Late in the afternoon, as he was resting in the thick woods south of Walden, he heard the voice of the hounds far over toward Fair Haven still pursuing the fox; and on they came, their hounding cry which made all the woods ring sounding nearer and nearer, now from Well-Meadow, now from the Baker Farm.
下午晚些时候，当他在瓦尔登以南的茂密树林里休息时，他听到远处猎犬的声音，朝着费尔港方向，仍在追赶狐狸；他们来了，他们的叫声使整个树林听起来越来越近，有时来自井草甸，有时来自贝克农场。
For a long time he stood still and listened to their music, so sweet to a hunter’s ear, when suddenly the fox appeared, threading the solemn aisles with an easy coursing pace, whose sound was concealed by a sympathetic rustle of the leaves, swift and still, keeping the ground, leaving his pursuers far behind; and, leaping upon a rock amid the woods, he sat erect and listening, with his back to the hunter.
他静静地站着，听着它们的音乐，对猎人的耳朵来说是如此美妙，这时狐狸突然出现了，以轻松的步伐穿过庄严的过道，树叶的沙沙声掩盖了它的声音，它迅速而安静地保持着地面，将追赶者远远地抛在了后面；他跳到树林中的一块岩石上，背对着猎人，笔直地坐着，听着。
For a moment compassion restrained the latter’s arm; but that was a short-lived mood, and as quick as thought can follow thought his piece was levelled, and _whang!_—the fox rolling over the rock lay dead on the ground.
同情心暂时束缚住了后者的手臂。但这是一种短暂的情绪，当他的作品被夷为平地时，他很快就想到了，然后_哇！_——那只狐狸在岩石上打滚，死在了地上。
The hunter still kept his place and listened to the hounds.
猎人仍然留在原地，聆听猎犬的叫声。
Still on they came, and now the near woods resounded through all their aisles with their demoniac cry.
他们继续前进，现在附近的树林里都回响着他们恶魔般的叫喊。
At length the old hound burst into view with muzzle to the ground, and snapping the air as if possessed, and ran directly to the rock; but spying the dead fox she suddenly ceased her hounding as if struck dumb with amazement, and walked round and round him in silence; and one by one her pups arrived, and, like their mother, were sobered into silence by the mystery.
最后，那条老猎犬突然出现在人们的视野中，它的枪口贴在地上，像着了魔一样猛地打着空气，径直朝岩石跑去。但当她发现那只死去的狐狸时，她突然停止了追捕，仿佛惊讶得说不出话来，默默地围着他转了一圈又一圈。她的幼崽们一一到来，像它们的母亲一样，被这个谜团惊醒，陷入了沉默。
Then the hunter came forward and stood in their midst, and the mystery was solved.
然后猎人挺身而出，站在他们中间，谜团就解开了。
They waited in silence while he skinned the fox, then followed the brush a while, and at length turned off into the woods again.
他们默默地等待着，他剥了狐狸的皮，然后顺着灌木丛走了一会儿，最后又拐进了树林。
That evening a Weston Squire came to the Concord hunter’s cottage to inquire for his hounds, and told how for a week they had been hunting on their own account from Weston woods.
那天晚上，一位韦斯顿乡绅来到康科德猎人的小屋询问他的猎犬的情况，并讲述了他们一周来如何在韦斯顿树林里为自己打猎。
The Concord hunter told him what he knew and offered him the skin; but the other declined it and departed.
康科德猎人告诉了他所知道的情况，并把皮给了他。但另一个人拒绝了并离开了。
He did not find his hounds that night, but the next day learned that they had crossed the river and put up at a farm-house for the night, whence, having been well fed, they took their departure early in the morning.
那天晚上他没有找到他的猎犬，但第二天得知他们已经过了河，在一个农舍过夜，在那里吃饱了，一大早就出发了。
The hunter who told me this could remember one Sam Nutting, who used to hunt bears on Fair Haven Ledges, and exchange their skins for rum in Concord village; who told him, even, that he had seen a moose there.
告诉我这件事的猎人可能还记得山姆·纳丁（Sam Nutting），他曾经在费尔黑文壁架上猎熊，并在康科德村用熊皮换朗姆酒；谁甚至告诉他，他在那里看到了一头驼鹿。
Nutting had a famous fox-hound named Burgoyne,—he pronounced it Bugine,—which my informant used to borrow.
纳丁有一只著名的猎狐犬，名叫伯戈因（Burgoyne）——他把它读作布吉恩（Bugine）——我的线人常常借用它。
In the “Wast Book” of an old trader of this town, who was also a captain, town-clerk, and representative, I find the following entry.
在这个小镇的一位老商人（兼任船长、镇书记和代表）的《废书》中，我找到了以下条目。
Jan.
简。
18th, 1742–3, “John Melven Cr.
1742 年 3 月 18 日，“约翰·梅尔文 Cr.
by 1 Grey Fox 0—2—3;” they are not now found here; and in his ledger, Feb.
1 只灰狐 0—2—3；”现在在这里找不到它们；在他的账本上，二月。
7th, 1743, Hezekiah Stratton has credit “by ½ a Catt skin 0—1—4½;” of course, a wild-cat, for Stratton was a sergeant in the old French war, and would not have got credit for hunting less noble game.
1743 年 7 日，希西家·斯特拉顿 (Hezekiah Stratton) 获得“1/2 卡特皮 0—1—4½”的荣誉；当然，这是一只野猫，因为斯特拉顿是旧法国战争中的一名中士，不会因为狩猎不那么高贵的猎物而获得荣誉。
Credit is given for deer skins also, and they were daily sold.
鹿皮也受到好评，每天都有人出售。
One man still preserves the horns of the last deer that was killed in this vicinity, and another has told me the particulars of the hunt in which his uncle was engaged.
一个人仍然保存着在这附近被杀死的最后一只鹿的角，另一个人告诉我他叔叔参与狩猎的细节。
The hunters were formerly a numerous and merry crew here.
以前这里的猎人是一群快乐的人。
I remember well one gaunt Nimrod who would catch up a leaf by the road-side and play a strain on it wilder and more melodious, if my memory serves me, than any hunting-horn.
我清楚地记得一个憔悴的宁录，他会在路边捡起一片树叶，吹奏一支曲子，如果我没记错的话，比任何狩猎号角都更狂野、更悠扬。
At midnight, when there was a moon, I sometimes met with hounds in my path prowling about the woods, which would skulk out of my way, as if afraid, and stand silent amid the bushes till I had passed.
午夜，当有月亮的时候，我有时会在路上遇到在树林里徘徊的猎犬，它们会躲开我的路，好像害怕一样，静静地站在灌木丛中，直到我过去。
Squirrels and wild mice disputed for my store of nuts.
松鼠和野鼠为争夺我储存的坚果而发生争执。
There were scores of pitch-pines around my house, from one to four inches in diameter, which had been gnawed by mice the previous winter,—a Norwegian winter for them, for the snow lay long and deep, and they were obliged to mix a large proportion of pine bark with their other diet.
我家周围有几十棵松树，直径从一英寸到四英寸不等，前一个冬天就被老鼠啃过——对他们来说，这是挪威的冬天，因为积雪又长又深，他们不得不将大部分松树皮与其他食物混合在一起。
These trees were alive and apparently flourishing at mid-summer, and many of them had grown a foot, though completely girdled; but after another winter such were without exception dead.
这些树在仲夏时节依然生机勃勃，枝繁叶茂，许多树已经长到一英尺高，尽管已经完全被环抱住了。但又过了一个冬天，这些人无一例外都死了。
It is remarkable that a single mouse should thus be allowed a whole pine tree for its dinner, gnawing round instead of up and down it; but perhaps it is necessary in order to thin these trees, which are wont to grow up densely.
值得注意的是，一只老鼠竟然可以吃一整棵松树作为晚餐，而是在松树周围啃咬，而不是上下啃咬。但也许有必要对这些习惯于茂密生长的树木进行间伐。
The hares (_Lepus Americanus_) were very familiar.
野兔（_Lepus Americanus_）非常熟悉。
One had her form under my house all winter, separated from me only by the flooring, and she startled me each morning by her hasty departure when I began to stir,—thump, thump, thump, striking her head against the floor timbers in her hurry.
整个冬天，她的身影都在我的房子下面，与我只隔着地板，每天早上，当我开始动弹时，她的匆忙离开都让我大吃一惊——扑通，扑通，扑通，她的头在匆忙中撞到地板上。
They used to come round my door at dusk to nibble the potato parings which I had thrown out, and were so nearly the color of the ground that they could hardly be distinguished when still.
它们常常在黄昏时分绕过我的门来啃我扔掉的土豆皮，它们的颜色与地面的颜色非常接近，静止时几乎无法辨认。
Sometimes in the twilight I alternately lost and recovered sight of one sitting motionless under my window.
有时，在暮色中，我时而看不见，时而看见一个人一动不动地坐在窗下。
When I opened my door in the evening, off they would go with a squeak and a bounce.
当我晚上打开门时，它们会发出吱吱声和弹跳声。
Near at hand they only excited my pity.
它们近在眼前，只会激起我的怜悯。
One evening one sat by my door two paces from me, at first trembling with fear, yet unwilling to move; a poor wee thing, lean and bony, with ragged ears and sharp nose, scant tail and slender paws.
一天晚上，有一个人坐在我门边，离我两步远，一开始吓得浑身发抖，但又不愿意动。这是一只可怜的小东西，又瘦又瘦，耳朵参差不齐，鼻子尖，尾巴短，爪子细。
It looked as if Nature no longer contained the breed of nobler bloods, but stood on her last toes.
大自然似乎不再拥有高贵血统的品种，而是站了起来。
Its large eyes appeared young and unhealthy, almost dropsical.
它的大眼睛看起来很年轻，而且不健康，几乎是浮肿的。
I took a step, and lo, away it scud with an elastic spring over the snow crust, straightening its body and its limbs into graceful length, and soon put the forest between me and itself,—the wild free venison, asserting its vigor and the dignity of Nature.
我迈出了一步，瞧，它像弹性弹簧一样在雪地上飞驰而去，伸直它的身体和四肢，形成优美的长度，很快就把森林放在我和它之间——野生自由的鹿肉，宣示着它的活力和自然的尊严。
Not without reason was its slenderness.
它的纤细并非没有原因。
Such then was its nature.
这就是它的本质。
(_Lepus_, _levipes_, light-foot, some think.)
（有些人认为_Lepus_、_levipes_、轻快的脚步。）
What is a country without rabbits and partridges?
没有兔子和鹧鸪的国家算什么国家？
They are among the most simple and indigenous animal products; ancient and venerable families known to antiquity as to modern times; of the very hue and substance of Nature, nearest allied to leaves and to the ground,—and to one another; it is either winged or it is legged.
它们是最简单、最本土的动物产品；古今皆知的古老而德高望重的家族；大自然的色彩和本质，与树叶和地面最接近，而且彼此之间也最接近；它要么是有翼的，要么是有腿的。
It is hardly as if you had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves.
当一只兔子或一只鹧鸪突然飞走时，你几乎不像看到了野生动物，而是一种自然的生物，就像树叶沙沙作响一样令人期待。
The partridge and the rabbit are still sure to thrive, like true natives of the soil, whatever revolutions occur.
无论发生什么革命，鹧鸪和兔子仍然会像真正的土生土长的人一样繁衍生息。
If the forest is cut off, the sprouts and bushes which spring up afford them concealment, and they become more numerous than ever.
如果森林被砍伐，新芽和灌木丛就会长出来，为它们提供隐蔽处，它们的数量就会比以往任何时候都多。
That must be a poor country indeed that does not support a hare.
那一定是一个不养野兔的贫穷国家。
Our woods teem with them both, and around every swamp may be seen the partridge or rabbit walk, beset with twiggy fences and horse-hair snares, which some cow-boy tends.
我们的树林里到处都是它们，在每片沼泽周围都可以看到鹧鸪或兔子行走，周围环绕着一些牛仔看管的细枝栅栏和马毛圈套。
The Pond in Winter
冬天的池塘
After a still winter night I awoke with the impression that some question had been put to me, which I had been endeavoring in vain to answer in my sleep, as what—how—when—where?
在一个寂静的冬夜之后，我醒来时感觉有人向我提出了一些问题，我在睡梦中一直徒劳地试图回答这个问题，比如什么——如何——何时——在哪里？
But there was dawning Nature, in whom all creatures live, looking in at my broad windows with serene and satisfied face, and no question on _her_ lips.
但是，黎明的大自然，所有的生物都生活在其中，她用平静而满足的表情看着我宽阔的窗户，嘴唇上没有任何疑问。
I awoke to an answered question, to Nature and daylight.
我在一个有答案的问题中醒来，在自然和阳光中醒来。
The snow lying deep on the earth dotted with young pines, and the very slope of the hill on which my house is placed, seemed to say, Forward!
大地深处的积雪点缀着幼松，而我家所在的山坡似乎在说：前进！
Nature puts no question and answers none which we mortals ask.
大自然不会提出任何问题，也不会回答我们凡人提出的问题。
She has long ago taken her resolution.
她早就下了决心。
“O Prince, our eyes contemplate with admiration and transmit to the soul the wonderful and varied spectacle of this universe.
“王子啊，我们的眼睛充满钦佩地沉思，并将这个宇宙奇妙而多样的奇观传送到灵魂。
The night veils without doubt a part of this glorious creation; but day comes to reveal to us this great work, which extends from earth even into the plains of the ether.”
夜幕无疑是这个辉煌创造的一部分；但白天的到来向我们揭示了这项伟大的工作，它从地球一直延伸到以太平原。”
Then to my morning work.
然后去我早上的工作。
First I take an axe and pail and go in search of water, if that be not a dream.
首先，我拿起斧子和水桶去寻找水源，如果这不是梦的话。
After a cold and snowy night it needed a divining rod to find it.
经过一个寒冷的雪夜之后，它需要一根占卜棒才能找到它。
Every winter the liquid and trembling surface of the pond, which was so sensitive to every breath, and reflected every light and shadow, becomes solid to the depth of a foot or a foot and a half, so that it will support the heaviest teams, and perchance the snow covers it to an equal depth, and it is not to be distinguished from any level field.
每年冬天，池塘的液体和颤抖的表面，对每一次呼吸都如此敏感，反射着每一个光影，都会变成一英尺或一英尺半深度的固体，这样它就可以支撑最重的队伍，也许积雪将它覆盖到同样的深度，它与任何水平的场地都没有区别。
Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its eye-lids and becomes dormant for three months or more.
就像周围山上的土拨鼠一样，它闭上眼皮，休眠三个月或更长时间。
Standing on the snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer; there a perennial waveless serenity reigns as in the amber twilight sky, corresponding to the cool and even temperament of the inhabitants.
站在白雪覆盖的平原上，仿佛置身于山中的牧场，我先是穿过一尺的雪，然后是一尺的冰，打开脚下的一扇窗户，跪着喝水，俯视安静的鱼儿客厅，透过磨砂玻璃的窗户，弥漫着柔和的光线，铺着夏天一样明亮的沙地；琥珀色的暮色天空中弥漫着常年无波的宁静，与居民冷静而平稳的气质相呼应。
Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.
天堂在我们的脚下，也在我们的头顶。
Early in the morning, while all things are crisp with frost, men come with fishing reels and slender lunch, and let down their fine lines through the snowy field to take pickerel and perch; wild men, who instinctively follow other fashions and trust other authorities than their townsmen, and by their goings and comings stitch towns together in parts where else they would be ripped.
一大早，霜冻万物酥脆，男人们带着渔线轮和细长的午餐而来，在雪原中放下细线，捕捉梭子鱼和鲈鱼；野人本能地追随其他时尚，信任其他权威而不是他们的城镇居民，通过他们的来来往往将城镇缝合在一起，否则他们会被撕裂。
They sit and eat their luncheon in stout fear-naughts on the dry oak leaves on the shore, as wise in natural lore as the citizen is in artificial.
他们坐在岸边干燥的橡树叶上，无所畏惧地吃午饭，就像自然传说中的智慧和人造的公民一样。
They never consulted with books, and know and can tell much less than they have done.
他们从不查阅书籍，知道的也能说的比他们所知道的要少得多。
The things which they practise are said not yet to be known.
他们所从事的事情据说尚不为人所知。
Here is one fishing for pickerel with grown perch for bait.
这是一只用生长的鲈鱼作为诱饵钓鱼的梭鱼。
You look into his pail with wonder as into a summer pond, as if he kept summer locked up at home, or knew where she had retreated.
你惊奇地看着他的水桶，就像看着夏天的池塘一样，仿佛他把夏天锁在家里，或者知道她躲到了哪里。
How, pray, did he get these in mid-winter?
请问，他是怎么在仲冬得到这些的？
O, he got worms out of rotten logs since the ground froze, and so he caught them.
哦，由于地面结冰了，他从腐烂的木头里取出了虫子，所以他抓住了它们。
His life itself passes deeper in Nature than the studies of the naturalist penetrate; himself a subject for the naturalist.
他的生命本身在自然中的深入程度比博物学家的研究所深入的程度还要深。他自己就是博物学家的研究对象。
The latter raises the moss and bark gently with his knife in search of insects; the former lays open logs to their core with his axe, and moss and bark fly far and wide.
后者掀起苔藓，用刀轻轻地吠叫，寻找昆虫。前者用斧头将原木劈开，直达其核心，苔藓和树皮飞得又远又广。
He gets his living by barking trees.
他靠树皮为生。
Such a man has some right to fish, and I love to see Nature carried out in him.
这样的人有钓鱼的权利，我喜欢看到自然在他身上得到体现。
The perch swallows the grub-worm, the pickerel swallows the perch, and the fisher-man swallows the pickerel; and so all the chinks in the scale of being are filled.
鲈鱼吞了幼虫，梭鱼吞了鲈鱼，渔夫吞了梭鱼；这样，存在尺度上的所有缝隙都被填满了。
When I strolled around the pond in misty weather I was sometimes amused by the primitive mode which some ruder fisherman had adopted.
当我在雾蒙蒙的天气里在池塘边漫步时，有时我会被一些粗鲁的渔夫采用的原始方式逗乐。
He would perhaps have placed alder branches over the narrow holes in the ice, which were four or five rods apart and an equal distance from the shore, and having fastened the end of the line to a stick to prevent its being pulled through, have passed the slack line over a twig of the alder, a foot or more above the ice, and tied a dry oak leaf to it, which, being pulled down, would show when he had a bite.
他也许会把桤木树枝放在冰面上的窄洞上，这些洞相距四到五杆，距海岸的距离相等，并将绳子的末端固定在一根棍子上，以防止它被拉过，然后将松弛的绳子越过一根桤木树枝，距离冰面一英尺或更多，并在上面绑上一片干橡树叶，当他咬一口时，就会看到这片树叶。
These alders loomed through the mist at regular intervals as you walked half way round the pond.
当你绕着池塘走了半圈时，这些桤木每隔一段时间就会在薄雾中若隐若现。
Ah, the pickerel of Walden!
啊，瓦尔登湖的梭鱼！
when I see them lying on the ice, or in the well which the fisherman cuts in the ice, making a little hole to admit the water, I am always surprised by their rare beauty, as if they were fabulous fishes, they are so foreign to the streets, even to the woods, foreign as Arabia to our Concord life.
当我看到它们躺在冰上，或者在渔夫在冰上凿出一个小洞让水流进去的井里时，我总是对它们罕见的美丽感到惊讶，就好像它们是神话般的鱼一样，它们对于街道，甚至对于树林来说都是陌生的，就像阿拉伯对于我们康科德生活一样陌生。
They possess a quite dazzling and transcendent beauty which separates them by a wide interval from the cadaverous cod and haddock whose fame is trumpeted in our streets.
它们拥有一种令人眼花缭乱、超凡脱俗的美丽，这使它们与我们街道上大肆宣扬的苍白鳕鱼和黑线鳕有着很大的差距。
They are not green like the pines, nor gray like the stones, nor blue like the sky; but they have, to my eyes, if possible, yet rarer colors, like flowers and precious stones, as if they were the pearls, the animalized _nuclei_ or crystals of the Walden water.
它们不像松树那样绿，不像石头那样灰，也不像天空那样蓝；但在我看来，如果可能的话，它们具有更稀有的颜色，如花朵和宝石，仿佛它们是珍珠、动物化的核或瓦尔登湖水的晶体。
They, of course, are Walden all over and all through; are themselves small Waldens in the animal kingdom, Waldenses.
当然，他们是彻头彻尾的《瓦尔登湖》。他们自己就是动物王国里的小瓦尔登斯，瓦尔多教徒。
It is surprising that they are caught here,—that in this deep and capacious spring, far beneath the rattling teams and chaises and tinkling sleighs that travel the Walden road, this great gold and emerald fish swims.
令人惊讶的是，它们在这里被捕获——在这深邃而广阔的泉水中，在瓦尔登公路上嘎嘎作响的队伍、马车和叮叮当当的雪橇下面，这条巨大的金黄色和翠绿色的鱼在游动。
I never chanced to see its kind in any market; it would be the cynosure of all eyes there.
我从来没有机会在任何市场上看到过它的同类。这将成为那里所有目光的焦点。
Easily, with a few convulsive quirks, they give up their watery ghosts, like a mortal translated before his time to the thin air of heaven.
很容易，伴随着一些痉挛性的怪癖，他们放弃了他们的水鬼，就像一个凡人在他的时间之前转移到稀薄的天堂空气中。
walden_pond_map
瓦尔登湖地图
As I was desirous to recover the long lost bottom of Walden Pond, I surveyed it carefully, before the ice broke up, early in ’46, with compass and chain and sounding line.
由于我渴望恢复瓦尔登湖长期失落的底部，所以在 46 年初冰层破裂之前，我用指南针、链条和测深线仔细地勘察了它。
There have been many stories told about the bottom, or rather no bottom, of this pond, which certainly had no foundation for themselves.
关于这个池塘的底部，或者更确切地说没有底部，有很多故事，它们本身当然没有基础。
It is remarkable how long men will believe in the bottomlessness of a pond without taking the trouble to sound it.
令人惊奇的是，人们会相信池塘是无底的，而无需费力去探听它。
I have visited two such Bottomless Ponds in one walk in this neighborhood.
我在附近散步时曾参观过两个这样的无底池塘。
Many have believed that Walden reached quite through to the other side of the globe.
许多人相信《瓦尔登湖》已经到达了地球的另一边。
Some who have lain flat on the ice for a long time, looking down through the illusive medium, perchance with watery eyes into the bargain, and driven to hasty conclusions by the fear of catching cold in their breasts, have seen vast holes “into which a load of hay might be driven,” if there were any body to drive it, the undoubted source of the Styx and entrance to the Infernal Regions from these parts.
有些人长时间平躺在冰上，透过虚幻的媒介往下看，也许眼睛里充满了泪水，由于担心自己的胸口着凉，而仓促得出结论，他们看到了巨大的洞，“如果有任何人来驱动的话，“可以将一车干草推入其中”，毫无疑问，这是冥河的源头，也是从这些地方进入地狱地区的入口。
Others have gone down from the village with a “fifty-six” and a wagon load of inch rope, but yet have failed to find any bottom; for while the “fifty-six” was resting by the way, they were paying out the rope in the vain attempt to fathom their truly immeasurable capacity for marvellousness.
其他人则带着“五十六”和一车英寸绳子从村子里下去，但仍未找到底部；因为当“五十六”顺便休息时，他们正在放出绳子，徒劳地试图了解他们真正不可估量的奇妙能力。
But I can assure my readers that Walden has a reasonably tight bottom at a not unreasonable, though at an unusual, depth.
但我可以向我的读者保证，《瓦尔登湖》有一个相当紧的底部，虽然深度不寻常，但并非不合理。
I fathomed it easily with a cod-line and a stone weighing about a pound and a half, and could tell accurately when the stone left the bottom, by having to pull so much harder before the water got underneath to help me.
我用一条鳕鱼线和一块重约一磅半的石头轻松地测出了它，并且可以准确地判断出石头何时离开底部，因为在水进入下面以帮助我之前必须用力拉动。
The greatest depth was exactly one hundred and two feet; to which may be added the five feet which it has risen since, making one hundred and seven.
最深处正好有一百零二英尺；加上此后它已上升的五英尺，即一百零七英尺。
This is a remarkable depth for so small an area; yet not an inch of it can be spared by the imagination.
对于如此小的区域来说，这是一个非凡的深度。然而，想象力却不能放过一寸。
What if all ponds were shallow?
如果所有池塘都很浅怎么办？
Would it not react on the minds of men?
难道它不会对人们的思想产生反应吗？
I am thankful that this pond was made deep and pure for a symbol.
我很感激这个池塘被设计得又深又纯净，作为一个象征。
While men believe in the infinite some ponds will be thought to be bottomless.
虽然人们相信无限，但有些池塘却被认为是无底的。
A factory owner, hearing what depth I had found, thought that it could not be true, for, judging from his acquaintance with dams, sand would not lie at so steep an angle.
一位工厂老板听到我发现的深度后，认为这不可能是真的，因为根据他对水坝的了解，沙子不会以如此陡峭的角度躺着。
But the deepest ponds are not so deep in proportion to their area as most suppose, and, if drained, would not leave very remarkable valleys.
但最深的池塘与其面积的比例并不像大多数人想象的那么深，而且如果排干，也不会留下非常引人注目的山谷。
They are not like cups between the hills; for this one, which is so unusually deep for its area, appears in a vertical section through its centre not deeper than a shallow plate.
它们不像山间的杯子；因为这个区域的深度异常深，从其中心的垂直剖面来看，其深度不比一块浅板深。
Most ponds, emptied, would leave a meadow no more hollow than we frequently see.
大多数池塘排空后，草地不会比我们经常看到的更空旷。
William Gilpin, who is so admirable in all that relates to landscapes, and usually so correct, standing at the head of Loch Fyne, in Scotland, which he describes as “a bay of salt water, sixty or seventy fathoms deep, four miles in breadth,” and about fifty miles long, surrounded by mountains, observes, “If we could have seen it immediately after the diluvian crash, or whatever convulsion of Nature occasioned it, before the waters gushed in, what a horrid chasm must it have appeared!
威廉·吉尔平 (William Gilpin) 在与景观有关的一切方面都非常令人钦佩，而且通常都很正确，他站在苏格兰的费恩湖 (Loch Fyne) 源头，他将其描述为“一个咸水湾，深 60 或 70 英寻，宽 4 英里”，长约 50 英里，周围群山环绕。裂缝一定已经出现了！
So high as heaved the tumid hills, so low Down sunk a hollow bottom broad and deep, Capacious bed of waters—.”
浑浊的山丘高高隆起，低洼的地方沉入了一个又宽又深的空洞底部，广阔的水床——”
But if, using the shortest diameter of Loch Fyne, we apply these proportions to Walden, which, as we have seen, appears already in a vertical section only like a shallow plate, it will appear four times as shallow.
但是，如果我们使用费恩湖的最短直径，将这些比例应用于瓦尔登湖，正如我们所看到的，瓦尔登湖在垂直剖面中已经只像一块浅板一样出现，那么它将显得浅四倍。
So much for the _increased_ horrors of the chasm of Loch Fyne when emptied.
费恩湖的裂缝被清空后的恐怖就到此为止了。
No doubt many a smiling valley with its stretching cornfields occupies exactly such a “horrid chasm,” from which the waters have receded, though it requires the insight and the far sight of the geologist to convince the unsuspecting inhabitants of this fact.
毫无疑问，许多微笑的山谷及其绵延的玉米田都占据着这样一个“可怕的裂缝”，海水已经从那里退去，尽管这需要地质学家的洞察力和远见才能让毫无戒心的居民相信这一事实。
Often an inquisitive eye may detect the shores of a primitive lake in the low horizon hills, and no subsequent elevation of the plain has been necessary to conceal their history.
通常，好奇的眼睛可能会在地平线较低的山丘中发现原始湖泊的岸边，并且不需要随后抬高平原来掩盖它们的历史。
But it is easiest, as they who work on the highways know, to find the hollows by the puddles after a shower.
但正如在高速公路上工作的人所知，最容易的方法是在阵雨后在水坑旁找到凹陷处。
The amount of it is, the imagination give it the least license, dives deeper and soars higher than Nature goes.
就其数量而言，想象力给予它最少的许可，比自然潜得更深，飞得更高。
So, probably, the depth of the ocean will be found to be very inconsiderable compared with its breadth.
因此，与海洋的宽度相比，海洋的深度很可能是微不足道的。
As I sounded through the ice I could determine the shape of the bottom with greater accuracy than is possible in surveying harbors which do not freeze over, and I was surprised at its general regularity.
当我透过冰层探测时，我可以比测量不结冰的港口更准确地确定底部的形状，而且我对它的总体规律性感到惊讶。
In the deepest part there are several acres more level than almost any field which is exposed to the sun wind and plough.
在最深处，有几英亩的地势比几乎任何暴露在阳光、风和犁下的田地还要平坦。
In one instance, on a line arbitrarily chosen, the depth did not vary more than one foot in thirty rods; and generally, near the middle, I could calculate the variation for each one hundred feet in any direction beforehand within three or four inches.
在一个例子中，在任意选择的一条线上，深度变化不超过三十杆一英尺；一般来说，在中间附近，我可以预先计算出任何方向上每一百英尺的变化，误差在三四英寸之内。
Some are accustomed to speak of deep and dangerous holes even in quiet sandy ponds like this, but the effect of water under these circumstances is to level all inequalities.
有些人习惯于谈论深而危险的洞，即使是在像这样安静的沙池中，但水在这种情况下的作用是消除所有不平等。
The regularity of the bottom and its conformity to the shores and the range of the neighboring hills were so perfect that a distant promontory betrayed itself in the soundings quite across the pond, and its direction could be determined by observing the opposite shore.
底部的规律性以及它与海岸和邻近山丘的范围的一致性是如此完美，以至于远处的海角在整个池塘的水深中暴露了自己，并且可以通过观察对岸来确定它的方向。
Cape becomes bar, and plain shoal, and valley and gorge deep water and channel.
岬变成坝、平原浅滩、山谷和峡谷深水和海峡。
When I had mapped the pond by the scale of ten rods to an inch, and put down the soundings, more than a hundred in all, I observed this remarkable coincidence.
当我按照十杆到一英寸的比例绘制池塘地图，并记录下总共一百多个水深时，我观察到了这个惊人的巧合。
Having noticed that the number indicating the greatest depth was apparently in the centre of the map, I laid a rule on the map lengthwise, and then breadthwise, and found, to my surprise, that the line of greatest length intersected the line of greatest breadth _exactly_ at the point of greatest depth, notwithstanding that the middle is so nearly level, the outline of the pond far from regular, and the extreme length and breadth were got by measuring into the coves; and I said to myself, Who knows but this hint would conduct to the deepest part of the ocean as well as of a pond or puddle?
注意到表示最大深度的数字显然位于地图的中心，我在地图上纵向划了一条尺子，然后横向划了一条尺子，令我惊讶的是，最大长度的线与最大宽度的线恰好在最大深度处相交，尽管中间几乎是水平的，池塘的轮廓远非正常，而最大的长度和宽度是通过测量海湾而得到的；我对自己说，谁知道这个暗示会传导到海洋的最深处以及池塘或水坑呢？
Is not this the rule also for the height of mountains, regarded as the opposite of valleys?
对于与山谷相反的山的高度来说，这不也是同样的规则吗？
We know that a hill is not highest at its narrowest part.
我们知道，山的最窄处并不最高。
Of five coves, three, or all which had been sounded, were observed to have a bar quite across their mouths and deeper water within, so that the bay tended to be an expansion of water within the land not only horizontally but vertically, and to form a basin or independent pond, the direction of the two capes showing the course of the bar.
在五个海湾中，有三个，或者说所有已测深的海湾，都观察到有一个横过海湾的海湾，而里面的水更深，因此海湾往往是陆地上水的延伸，不仅在水平上而且在垂直上，并形成一个盆地或独立的池塘，两个海角的方向显示了海湾的走向。
Every harbor on the sea-coast, also, has its bar at its entrance.
海岸上的每个港口也在其入口处设有酒吧。
In proportion as the mouth of the cove was wider compared with its length, the water over the bar was deeper compared with that in the basin.
由于海湾口与其长度相比更宽，所以坝上的水比盆地中的水更深。
Given, then, the length and breadth of the cove, and the character of the surrounding shore, and you have almost elements enough to make out a formula for all cases.
那么，考虑到海湾的长度和宽度以及周围海岸的特征，您几乎拥有足够的元素来制定适用于所有情况的公式。
In order to see how nearly I could guess, with this experience, at the deepest point in a pond, by observing the outlines of its surface and the character of its shores alone, I made a plan of White Pond, which contains about forty-one acres, and, like this, has no island in it, nor any visible inlet or outlet; and as the line of greatest breadth fell very near the line of least breadth, where two opposite capes approached each other and two opposite bays receded, I ventured to mark a point a short distance from the latter line, but still on the line of greatest length, as the deepest.
为了看看我凭着这次经验，在池塘的最深处，仅通过观察池塘表面的轮廓和岸边的特征，就能猜到多少，我画了一张白池塘的平面图，它占地约四十一英亩，像这样，里面没有岛，也没有任何可见的入口或出口；当最大宽度的线非常接近最小宽度的线时，两个相对的海角彼此接近，两个相对的海湾后退，我冒险在距离后一条线不远的地方标记一个点，但仍然在最大长度的线上，作为最深的点。
The deepest part was found to be within one hundred feet of this, still farther in the direction to which I had inclined, and was only one foot deeper, namely, sixty feet.
最深的部分距此不到一百英尺，比我倾斜的方向更远，仅深一英尺，即六十英尺。
Of course, a stream running through, or an island in the pond, would make the problem much more complicated.
当然，如果有一条小溪流过，或者池塘里有一个岛屿，问题就会变得更加复杂。
If we knew all the laws of Nature, we should need only one fact, or the description of one actual phenomenon, to infer all the particular results at that point.
如果我们知道所有的自然法则，我们只需要一个事实，或者一个实际现象的描述，就可以推断出当时的所有特定结果。
Now we know only a few laws, and our result is vitiated, not, of course, by any confusion or irregularity in Nature, but by our ignorance of essential elements in the calculation.
现在我们只知道一些定律，我们的结果当然不是由于自然界的任何混乱或不规则而被破坏，而是因为我们对计算中的基本要素的无知。
Our notions of law and harmony are commonly confined to those instances which we detect; but the harmony which results from a far greater number of seemingly conflicting, but really concurring, laws, which we have not detected, is still more wonderful.
我们对法律与和谐的概念通常仅限于我们发现的那些实例。但是，由更多我们尚未发现的看似冲突但实际上一致的规律所产生的和谐仍然更加美妙。
The particular laws are as our points of view, as, to the traveller, a mountain outline varies with every step, and it has an infinite number of profiles, though absolutely but one form.
特定的规律就像我们的观点一样，对于旅行者来说，山的轮廓随着每一步的变化而变化，它有无数的轮廓，尽管绝对只是一种形式。
Even when cleft or bored through it is not comprehended in its entireness.
即使将其劈开或钻孔，也无法完整地理解它。
What I have observed of the pond is no less true in ethics.
我对池塘的观察在伦理学上同样正确。
It is the law of average.
这就是平均法则。
Such a rule of the two diameters not only guides us toward the sun in the system and the heart in man, but draw lines through the length and breadth of the aggregate of a man’s particular daily behaviors and waves of life into his coves and inlets, and where they intersect will be the height or depth of his character.
这样两条直径的规则，不仅引导我们走向系统中的太阳和人的内心，而且将一个人的具体日常行为和生命波浪的总和的长度和宽度划入他的海湾和入口，它们的交点将是他性格的高度或深度。
Perhaps we need only to know how his shores trend and his adjacent country or circumstances, to infer his depth and concealed bottom.
也许我们只需要知道他的海岸走向以及他邻近的国家或情况，就可以推断出他的深度和隐藏的底部。
If he is surrounded by mountainous circumstances, an Achillean shore, whose peaks overshadow and are reflected in his bosom, they suggest a corresponding depth in him.
如果他周围是群山环抱，就像阿喀琉斯海岸一样，其山峰遮盖并反射在他的胸中，那么它们就表明他内心有相应的深度。
But a low and smooth shore proves him shallow on that side.
但低矮而平坦的海岸证明他在那一侧很浅。
In our bodies, a bold projecting brow falls off to and indicates a corresponding depth of thought.
在我们的身体中，大胆突出的眉毛脱落并表明相应的思想深度。
Also there is a bar across the entrance of our every cove, or particular inclination; each is our harbor for a season, in which we are detained and partially land-locked.
此外，我们每个海湾或特定喜好的入口处都有一个酒吧；每个都是我们一个季节的港口，我们被拘留并部分被陆地包围。
These inclinations are not whimsical usually, but their form, size, and direction are determined by the promontories of the shore, the ancient axes of elevation.
这些倾斜通常并不是异想天开，但它们的形式、大小和方向是由海岸的岬角（古代的海拔轴线）决定的。
When this bar is gradually increased by storms, tides, or currents, or there is a subsidence of the waters, so that it reaches to the surface, that which was at first but an inclination in the shore in which a thought was harbored becomes an individual lake, cut off from the ocean, wherein the thought secures its own conditions, changes, perhaps, from salt to fresh, becomes a sweet sea, dead sea, or a marsh.
当这个障碍因风暴、潮汐或水流而逐渐增大，或者海水下沉，以致它到达水面时，最初只是一个思想所在的岸边的倾斜，就变成了一个独立的湖泊，与海洋隔绝，思想在其中保证了自己的条件，也许从咸到新鲜，变成了甜海、死海或沼泽。
At the advent of each individual into this life, may we not suppose that such a bar has risen to the surface somewhere?
当每个人进入此生时，我们是否可以假设这样的障碍已经在某个地方浮现出来？
It is true, we are such poor navigators that our thoughts, for the most part, stand off and on upon a harborless coast, are conversant only with the bights of the bays of poesy, or steer for the public ports of entry, and go into the dry docks of science, where they merely refit for this world, and no natural currents concur to individualize them.
确实，我们是如此可怜的航海家，以至于我们的思想在大多数情况下在无港的海岸上徘徊，只熟悉诗歌海湾的海湾，或者驶向公共入境港口，进入科学的干船坞，在那里它们只是为了适应这个世界而改装，没有自然潮流使它们个性化。
As for the inlet or outlet of Walden, I have not discovered any but rain and snow and evaporation, though perhaps, with a thermometer and a line, such places may be found, for where the water flows into the pond it will probably be coldest in summer and warmest in winter.
至于瓦尔登湖的入水口和出水口，除了雨雪和蒸发之外，我没有发现任何地方，不过，用温度计和一根绳子也许可以找到这样的地方，因为水流入池塘的地方可能夏天最冷，冬天最热。
When the ice-men were at work here in ’46–7, the cakes sent to the shore were one day rejected by those who were stacking them up there, not being thick enough to lie side by side with the rest; and the cutters thus discovered that the ice over a small space was two or three inches thinner than elsewhere, which made them think that there was an inlet there.
46-7 年，当制冰工人在这里工作时，送到岸上的蛋糕有一天被堆在那里的人拒绝了，因为不够厚，无法与其他蛋糕并排放置；切割工们因此发现，一小块空间上的冰比其他地方薄了两三英寸，这使他们认为那里有一个入口。
They also showed me in another place what they thought was a “leach hole,” through which the pond leaked out under a hill into a neighboring meadow, pushing me out on a cake of ice to see it.
他们还向我展示了另一个地方，他们认为是一个“渗滤孔”，池塘从山下渗入附近的草地，把我推到一块冰块上看它。
It was a small cavity under ten feet of water; but I think that I can warrant the pond not to need soldering till they find a worse leak than that.
这是十英尺深的一个小洞。但我认为我可以保证池塘不需要焊接，直到他们发现比这更严重的泄漏。
One has suggested, that if such a “leach hole” should be found, its connection with the meadow, if any existed, might be proved by conveying some colored powder or sawdust to the mouth of the hole, and then putting a strainer over the spring in the meadow, which would catch some of the particles carried through by the current.
有人建议，如果发现了这样一个“浸出洞”，如果存在的话，可以通过将一些有色粉末或锯末输送到洞口，然后在草地上的泉水上放置一个过滤器来证明它与草地的联系（如果存在的话），该过滤器会捕获水流携带的一些颗粒。
While I was surveying, the ice, which was sixteen inches thick, undulated under a slight wind like water.
当我观察时，十六英寸厚的冰在微风的作用下像水一样起伏。
It is well known that a level cannot be used on ice.
众所周知，水平仪不能在冰上使用。
At one rod from the shore its greatest fluctuation, when observed by means of a level on land directed toward a graduated staff on the ice, was three quarters of an inch, though the ice appeared firmly attached to the shore.
当通过陆地上的水平仪指向冰上的刻度尺进行观察时，距离海岸一根杆的最大波动为四分之三英寸，尽管冰似乎牢固地附着在海岸上。
It was probably greater in the middle.
中间可能更大。
Who knows but if our instruments were delicate enough we might detect an undulation in the crust of the earth?
谁知道，如果我们的仪器足够精密，我们可能会检测到地壳的波动？
When two legs of my level were on the shore and the third on the ice, and the sights were directed over the latter, a rise or fall of the ice of an almost infinitesimal amount made a difference of several feet on a tree across the pond.
当我的水平仪的两条腿在岸上，第三条腿在冰上，并且视线指向后者时，几乎无限小的冰块的上升或下降对池塘对面的一棵树造成了几英尺的差异。
When I began to cut holes for sounding, there were three or four inches of water on the ice under a deep snow which had sunk it thus far; but the water began immediately to run into these holes, and continued to run for two days in deep streams, which wore away the ice on every side, and contributed essentially, if not mainly, to dry the surface of the pond; for, as the water ran in, it raised and floated the ice.
当我开始凿洞进行探测时，冰面上有三四英寸厚的水，下面是厚厚的积雪，到目前为止，积雪已经把冰沉没了。但水立即开始流入这些洞，并在深溪中持续流了两天，侵蚀了四面的冰，并在很大程度上（如果不是主要的话）使池塘表面干燥。因为，当水流入时，冰块就会升起并漂浮起来。
This was somewhat like cutting a hole in the bottom of a ship to let the water out.
这有点像在船底挖一个洞让水流出。
When such holes freeze, and a rain succeeds, and finally a new freezing forms a fresh smooth ice over all, it is beautifully mottled internally by dark figures, shaped somewhat like a spider’s web, what you may call ice rosettes, produced by the channels worn by the water flowing from all sides to a centre.
当这些洞结冰，一场雨成功时，最后一次新的结冰会在整个冰面上形成新鲜光滑的冰，它的内部有美丽的黑色图形斑驳，形状有点像蜘蛛网，你可以称之为冰花结，是由从四面八方流向中心的水流穿过的通道产生的。
Sometimes, also, when the ice was covered with shallow puddles, I saw a double shadow of myself, one standing on the head of the other, one on the ice, the other on the trees or hill-side.
有时，当冰面上布满浅浅的水坑时，我也会看到自己的双重影子，一个站在另一个头上，一个在冰上，另一个在树上或山坡上。
While yet it is cold January, and snow and ice are thick and solid, the prudent landlord comes from the village to get ice to cool his summer drink; impressively, even pathetically wise, to foresee the heat and thirst of July now in January,—wearing a thick coat and mittens!
虽然一月天很冷，冰雪又厚又厚，但谨慎的地主却从村里来取冰块来冷却他的夏日饮料；令人印象深刻，甚至可悲的是，一月份就预见到了七月的炎热和口渴，穿着厚外套和手套！
when so many things are not provided for.
当很多事情都没有提供的时候。
It may be that he lays up no treasures in this world which will cool his summer drink in the next.
也许他在这个世界上没有积攒任何宝藏，可以让他在下一个世界里凉凉夏天的饮料。
He cuts and saws the solid pond, unroofs the house of fishes, and carts off their very element and air, held fast by chains and stakes like corded wood, through the favoring winter air, to wintry cellars, to underlie the summer there.
他切割并锯开坚固的池塘，拆掉鱼屋的屋顶，然后用铁链和木桩像绳索木头一样牢牢地固定住它们的元素和空气，穿过有利的冬季空气，到达寒冷的地窖，为那里的夏季奠定基础。
It looks like solidified azure, as, far off, it is drawn through the streets.
它看起来像凝固的蔚蓝，因为在远处，它被拖过街道。
These ice-cutters are a merry race, full of jest and sport, and when I went among them they were wont to invite me to saw pit-fashion with them, I standing underneath.
这些切冰者是一场快乐的比赛，充满了笑话和运动，当我走进他们中间时，他们习惯性地邀请我和他们一起观看现场时尚，我站在下面。
In the winter of ’46–7 there came a hundred men of Hyperborean extraction swoop down on to our pond one morning, with many car-loads of ungainly-looking farming tools, sleds, ploughs, drill-barrows, turf-knives, spades, saws, rakes, and each man was armed with a double-pointed pike-staff, such as is not described in the New-England Farmer or the Cultivator.
46-7年冬天的一天早上，一百名海珀北境人突然来到我们的池塘，他们载着许多车看上去很笨拙的农具，包括雪橇、犁、手推车、割草刀、铁锹、锯子、耙子，每个人都拿着一根双尖的长矛杆，这在《新英格兰农民》或《新英格兰农民》中没有描述过。耕者。
I did not know whether they had come to sow a crop of winter rye, or some other kind of grain recently introduced from Iceland.
我不知道他们是来播种冬季黑麦，还是最近从冰岛引进的其他谷物。
As I saw no manure, I judged that they meant to skim the land, as I had done, thinking the soil was deep and had lain fallow long enough.
由于我没有看到肥料，我判断它们是想像我一样掠过土地，认为土壤很深并且已经休耕了足够长的时间。
They said that a gentleman farmer, who was behind the scenes, wanted to double his money, which, as I understood, amounted to half a million already; but in order to cover each one of his dollars with another, he took off the only coat, ay, the skin itself, of Walden Pond in the midst of a hard winter.
他们说，一位在幕后的绅士想要把钱翻倍，据我了解，已经有五十万了；但为了用每一块钱盖上另一块钱，他在严冬中脱下了瓦尔登湖唯一的外衣，呃，就是皮肤本身。
They went to work at once, ploughing, harrowing, rolling, furrowing, in admirable order, as if they were bent on making this a model farm; but when I was looking sharp to see what kind of seed they dropped into the furrow, a gang of fellows by my side suddenly began to hook up the virgin mould itself, with a peculiar jerk, clean down to the sand, or rather the water,—for it was a very springy soil,—indeed all the _terra firma_ there was,—and haul it away on sleds, and then I guessed that they must be cutting peat in a bog.
他们立即开始干活，犁地、耙地、滚地、犁沟，秩序井然，仿佛他们一心要把这里打造成模范农场。但当我仔细观察他们把什么样的种子扔进犁沟时，我身边的一帮人突然开始用一种特殊的猛力把原始模具本身钩起来，干净地粘到沙子上，或者更确切地说是水上，因为那是一种非常有弹性的土壤，实际上是那里所有的陆地，然后用雪橇把它拖走，然后我猜他们一定是在沼泽里切割泥炭。
So they came and went every day, with a peculiar shriek from the locomotive, from and to some point of the polar regions, as it seemed to me, like a flock of arctic snow-birds.
因此，他们每天来来去去，带着机车发出的奇特的尖叫声，往返于极地的某个地方，在我看来，就像一群北极雪鸟。
But sometimes Squaw Walden had her revenge, and a hired man, walking behind his team, slipped through a crack in the ground down toward Tartarus, and he who was so brave before suddenly became but the ninth part of a man, almost gave up his animal heat, and was glad to take refuge in my house, and acknowledged that there was some virtue in a stove; or sometimes the frozen soil took a piece of steel out of a ploughshare, or a plough got set in the furrow and had to be cut out.
但有时斯阔瓦尔登会报仇，一个雇工跟在他的队伍后面，从地面的裂缝中溜进塔尔塔罗斯，以前那么勇敢的他突然变成了男人的九分之一，几乎放弃了他的动物性热情，很高兴在我的房子里避难，并承认炉子有一些优点;或者有时，冻土会从犁铧上取下一块钢，或者犁被放在犁沟中，必须将其切掉。
To speak literally, a hundred Irishmen, with Yankee overseers, came from Cambridge every day to get out the ice.
从字面意义上讲，每天都有一百名爱尔兰人和洋基队监工从剑桥赶来取出冰块。
They divided it into cakes by methods too well known to require description, and these, being sledded to the shore, were rapidly hauled off on to an ice platform, and raised by grappling irons and block and tackle, worked by horses, on to a stack, as surely as so many barrels of flour, and there placed evenly side by side, and row upon row, as if they formed the solid base of an obelisk designed to pierce the clouds.
他们用众所周知的方法将其分成蛋糕，无需描述，然后将这些蛋糕滑到岸上，迅速拖到冰平台上，然后用抓斗和滑轮组将其举起，由马操作，堆成一堆，就像许多桶面粉一样，均匀地并排放置，一排又一排，仿佛它们形成了旨在刺穿云层的方尖碑的坚固底座。
They told me that in a good day they could get out a thousand tons, which was the yield of about one acre.
他们告诉我，天气好的时候，他们可以收获一千吨，相当于一英亩的产量。
Deep ruts and “cradle holes” were worn in the ice, as on _terra firma_, by the passage of the sleds over the same track, and the horses invariably ate their oats out of cakes of ice hollowed out like buckets.
雪橇在同一条轨道上行驶，就像在陆地上一样，在冰上留下了深深的车辙和“摇篮洞”，马匹总是从像桶一样挖空的冰饼里吃燕麦。
They stacked up the cakes thus in the open air in a pile thirty-five feet high on one side and six or seven rods square, putting hay between the outside layers to exclude the air; for when the wind, though never so cold, finds a passage through, it will wear large cavities, leaving slight supports or studs only here and there, and finally topple it down.
他们把这些饼在露天堆起来，一侧高三十五英尺，六七杆见方，在外层之间垫上干草，以隔绝空气。因为当风，虽然从未如此寒冷，找到通道通过时，它会磨损大空洞，只在各处留下轻微的支撑或螺柱，最后将其推倒。
At first it looked like a vast blue fort or Valhalla; but when they began to tuck the coarse meadow hay into the crevices, and this became covered with rime and icicles, it looked like a venerable moss-grown and hoary ruin, built of azure-tinted marble, the abode of Winter, that old man we see in the almanac,—his shanty, as if he had a design to estivate with us.
起初，它看起来像一座巨大的蓝色堡垒或瓦尔哈拉殿堂。但当他们开始把粗糙的草地干草塞进缝隙里时，它就被冰霜和冰柱覆盖了，它看起来就像一处古老的、长满青苔的灰白废墟，由天蓝色的大理石建成，是冬天的住所，我们在年鉴上看到的那个老人，他的棚屋，好像他有一个计划要和我们一起度过夏天。
They calculated that not twenty-five per cent of this would reach its destination, and that two or three per cent would be wasted in the cars.
他们计算出，其中不到百分之二十五能够到达目的地，百分之二到百分之三会浪费在汽车上。
However, a still greater part of this heap had a different destiny from what was intended; for, either because the ice was found not to keep so well as was expected, containing more air than usual, or for some other reason, it never got to market.
然而，这堆东西中的很大一部分却有着与预期不同的命运。因为，要么是因为人们发现冰的保存效果不如预期，含有比平常更多的空气，要么是由于其他原因，它从未进入市场。
This heap, made in the winter of ’46–7 and estimated to contain ten thousand tons, was finally covered with hay and boards; and though it was unroofed the following July, and a part of it carried off, the rest remaining exposed to the sun, it stood over that summer and the next winter, and was not quite melted till September 1848.
这个堆是 46-7 年冬天堆起来的，估计有万吨，最后用干草和木板覆盖；虽然它的屋顶在第二年 7 月被拆掉，一部分被带走，其余部分仍然暴露在阳光下，但它在那年夏天和第二年冬天都屹立不倒，直到 1848 年 9 月才完全融化。
Thus the pond recovered the greater part.
这样，池塘就恢复了大部分。
Like the water, the Walden ice, seen near at hand, has a green tint, but at a distance is beautifully blue, and you can easily tell it from the white ice of the river, or the merely greenish ice of some ponds, a quarter of a mile off.
就像水一样，瓦尔登湖的冰，近处看时呈绿色，但远处看时却呈现出美丽的蓝色，你可以轻松地将其与河流的白色冰或四分之一英里外某些池塘的绿色冰区分开来。
Sometimes one of those great cakes slips from the ice-man’s sled into the village street, and lies there for a week like a great emerald, an object of interest to all passers.
有时，其中一块大蛋糕会从制冰人的雪橇上滑落到村里的街道上，像一颗伟大的祖母绿一样躺在那里一个星期，成为所有路人都感兴趣的物体。
I have noticed that a portion of Walden which in the state of water was green will often, when frozen, appear from the same point of view blue.
我注意到，瓦尔登湖的一部分在水的状态下是绿色的，当冻结时，从相同的角度来看通常会呈现蓝色。
So the hollows about this pond will, sometimes, in the winter, be filled with a greenish water somewhat like its own, but the next day will have frozen blue.
因此，有时在冬天，这个池塘周围的空洞会充满绿色的水，有点像它自己的水，但第二天就会变成蓝色的冰冻。
Perhaps the blue color of water and ice is due to the light and air they contain, and the most transparent is the bluest.
也许水和冰的蓝色是由于它们含有光和空气，而最透明的就是最蓝的。
Ice is an interesting subject for contemplation.
冰是一个有趣的思考主题。
They told me that they had some in the ice-houses at Fresh Pond five years old which was as good as ever.
他们告诉我，他们在 Fresh Pond 的冰库里有一些已经五年了的东西，和以前一样好。
Why is it that a bucket of water soon becomes putrid, but frozen remains sweet forever?
为什么一桶水很快就会腐烂，而冰冻后却永远甜美？
It is commonly said that this is the difference between the affections and the intellect.
人们常说，这就是情感与理智的区别。
Thus for sixteen days I saw from my window a hundred men at work like busy husbandmen, with teams and horses and apparently all the implements of farming, such a picture as we see on the first page of the almanac; and as often as I looked out I was reminded of the fable of the lark and the reapers, or the parable of the sower, and the like; and now they are all gone, and in thirty days more, probably, I shall look from the same window on the pure sea-green Walden water there, reflecting the clouds and the trees, and sending up its evaporations in solitude, and no traces will appear that a man has ever stood there.
就这样，在十六天的时间里，我从窗户里看到一百个人在工作，就像忙碌的农夫一样，有车队和马匹，显然还有所有的农具，就像我们在年鉴第一页上看到的那样；每当我向外看时，我就会想起云雀和收割者的寓言，或者播种者的寓言，等等。现在它们都消失了，再过三十天，也许，我会从同一扇窗户看到那里纯净的海绿色瓦尔登湖水，倒映着云朵和树木，在孤独中蒸发，再也看不到有人曾站在那里的痕迹。
Perhaps I shall hear a solitary loon laugh as he dives and plumes himself, or shall see a lonely fisher in his boat, like a floating leaf, beholding his form reflected in the waves, where lately a hundred men securely labored.
也许我会听到一只孤独的潜鸟潜入水中并为自己披上羽毛时的笑声，或者会看到一个孤独的渔夫在他的船上，像一片漂浮的叶子，看到他的身影倒映在波浪中，最近有一百个人在安全地劳作。
Thus it appears that the sweltering inhabitants of Charleston and New Orleans, of Madras and Bombay and Calcutta, drink at my well.
因此，查尔斯顿、新奥尔良、马德拉斯、孟买和加尔各答的闷热居民似乎都在我的井里喝水。
In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagvat Geeta, since whose composition years of the gods have elapsed, and in comparison with which our modern world and its literature seem puny and trivial; and I doubt if that philosophy is not to be referred to a previous state of existence, so remote is its sublimity from our conceptions.
早上，我的智慧沐浴在《薄伽梵歌》的伟大和宇宙哲学中，自其创作以来，众神的岁月已经过去，与它相比，我们的现代世界及其文学显得微不足道。我怀疑这种哲学是否不应被称为先前的存在状态，因为它的崇高性与我们的观念相去甚远。
I lay down the book and go to my well for water, and lo!
我放下书，去井里打水，瞧！
there I meet the servant of the Bramin, priest of Brahma and Vishnu and Indra, who still sits in his temple on the Ganges reading the Vedas, or dwells at the root of a tree with his crust and water jug.
在那里，我遇到了婆罗门的仆人，梵天、毗湿奴和因陀罗的祭司，他仍然坐在恒河上的寺庙里阅读吠陀经，或者带着外壳和水罐住在树根上。
I meet his servant come to draw water for his master, and our buckets as it were grate together in the same well.
我遇见他的仆人来为他的主人打水，我们的水桶就像在同一口井里一样。
The pure Walden water is mingled with the sacred water of the Ganges.
纯净的瓦尔登湖水与恒河圣水混合在一起。
With favoring winds it is wafted past the site of the fabulous islands of Atlantis and the Hesperides, makes the periplus of Hanno, and, floating by Ternate and Tidore and the mouth of the Persian Gulf, melts in the tropic gales of the Indian seas, and is landed in ports of which Alexander only heard the names.
顺风而行，它飘过美丽的亚特兰蒂斯岛和赫斯珀里得斯群岛，绕过汉诺岛，经过特尔纳特岛、蒂多雷岛和波斯湾入海口，在印度洋的热带大风中融化，最后在亚历山大只听说过名字的港口登陆。
Spring
春天
The opening of large tracts by the ice-cutters commonly causes a pond to break up earlier; for the water, agitated by the wind, even in cold weather, wears away the surrounding ice.
破冰机打开大片区域通常会导致池塘提前破裂。因为即使在寒冷的天气里，被风吹动的水也会磨损周围的冰。
But such was not the effect on Walden that year, for she had soon got a thick new garment to take the place of the old.
但那一年对瓦尔登的影响却并非如此，因为她很快就换了一件厚厚的新衣服来代替旧衣服。
This pond never breaks up so soon as the others in this neighborhood, on account both of its greater depth and its having no stream passing through it to melt or wear away the ice.
这个池塘从来不会像附近的其他池塘那样很快破裂，因为它的深度更大，而且没有溪流流过它来融化或磨损冰。
I never knew it to open in the course of a winter, not excepting that of ’52–3, which gave the ponds so severe a trial.
我从来不知道它会在冬天开放，52-3年除外，这给池塘带来了如此严峻的考验。
It commonly opens about the first of April, a week or ten days later than Flint’s Pond and Fair-Haven, beginning to melt on the north side and in the shallower parts where it began to freeze.
它通常在四月一日左右开放，比弗林特池塘和费尔黑文晚一周或十天，北侧和开始结冰的较浅部分开始融化。
It indicates better than any water hereabouts the absolute progress of the season, being least affected by transient changes of temperature.
它比附近的任何水都更好地指示季节的绝对进展，受温度短暂变化的影响最小。
A severe cold of a few days’ duration in March may very much retard the opening of the former ponds, while the temperature of Walden increases almost uninterruptedly.
三月份持续几天的严寒可能会大大推迟以前的池塘的开放，而瓦尔登湖的气温却几乎不间断地升高。
A thermometer thrust into the middle of Walden on the 6th of March, 1847, stood at 32°, or freezing point; near the shore at 33°; in the middle of Flint’s Pond, the same day, at 32½°; at a dozen rods from the shore, in shallow water, under ice a foot thick, at 36°.
1847 年 3 月 6 日，一支温度计插入瓦尔登湖中部，温度为 32°，即冰点；靠近海岸33°；同一天，弗林特池塘中央，气温 32.5°；距离海岸十几杆的浅水中，一英尺厚的冰层下，角度为 36°。
This difference of three and a half degrees between the temperature of the deep water and the shallow in the latter pond, and the fact that a great proportion of it is comparatively shallow, show why it should break up so much sooner than Walden.
后一个池塘的深水区和浅水区的温度相差三度半，而且其中很大一部分水位相对较浅，这说明了为什么它比瓦尔登湖更早破裂。
The ice in the shallowest part was at this time several inches thinner than in the middle.
此时最浅处的冰比中间的薄了几英寸。
In mid-winter the middle had been the warmest and the ice thinnest there.
仲冬时节，中部地区最为温暖，而那里的冰层也最薄。
So, also, every one who has waded about the shores of the pond in summer must have perceived how much warmer the water is close to the shore, where only three or four inches deep, than a little distance out, and on the surface where it is deep, than near the bottom.
因此，每个夏天在池塘岸边涉水的人都一定意识到，靠近岸边的水（只有三四英寸深）比离岸边稍远的地方要暖和，而在水深的水面上比靠近底部的地方要暖和得多。
In spring the sun not only exerts an influence through the increased temperature of the air and earth, but its heat passes through ice a foot or more thick, and is reflected from the bottom in shallow water, and so also warms the water and melts the under side of the ice, at the same time that it is melting it more directly above, making it uneven, and causing the air bubbles which it contains to extend themselves upward and downward until it is completely honeycombed, and at last disappears suddenly in a single spring rain.
春天，太阳不仅通过提高空气和地球的温度来产生影响，而且它的热量穿过一英尺或更厚的冰，从底部的浅水中反射出来，因此也使水变暖，融化了冰的下面，同时它更直接地融化了上面的冰，使冰变得不均匀，并使它所包含的气泡向上和向下延伸，直到完全呈蜂窝状，最后在一场春雨中突然消失。
Ice has its grain as well as wood, and when a cake begins to rot or “comb,” that is, assume the appearance of honey-comb, whatever may be its position, the air cells are at right angles with what was the water surface.
冰和木头一样有其纹理，当蛋糕开始腐烂或“梳状”时，也就是说，呈现出蜂窝状的外观，无论其位置如何，气泡都与水面成直角。
Where there is a rock or a log rising near to the surface the ice over it is much thinner, and is frequently quite dissolved by this reflected heat; and I have been told that in the experiment at Cambridge to freeze water in a shallow wooden pond, though the cold air circulated underneath, and so had access to both sides, the reflection of the sun from the bottom more than counterbalanced this advantage.
在靠近地表升起的岩石或圆木的地方，其上的冰要薄得多，并且经常被反射的热量完全溶解；有人告诉我，在剑桥的实验中，在一个浅木池塘里冻结水，尽管冷空气在下面循环，因此可以进入两侧，但太阳从底部的反射足以抵消这一优势。
When a warm rain in the middle of the winter melts off the snow-ice from Walden, and leaves a hard dark or transparent ice on the middle, there will be a strip of rotten though thicker white ice, a rod or more wide, about the shores, created by this reflected heat.
当隆冬的一场暖雨融化了瓦尔登湖的冰雪，在中间留下一层坚硬的黑色或透明的冰时，在海岸周围就会出现一条由反射的热量造成的、虽然较厚但已腐烂的白色冰条，一条杆或更宽。
Also, as I have said, the bubbles themselves within the ice operate as burning-glasses to melt the ice beneath.
而且，正如我所说，冰内的气泡本身就像燃烧玻璃一样，融化了下面的冰。
The phenomena of the year take place every day in a pond on a small scale.
一年中的现象每天都在小规模的池塘里发生。
Every morning, generally speaking, the shallow water is being warmed more rapidly than the deep, though it may not be made so warm after all, and every evening it is being cooled more rapidly until the morning.
一般来说，每天早上，浅水区比深水区变暖得更快，尽管它可能毕竟没有那么温暖，每天晚上，浅水区冷却得更快，直到早上。
The day is an epitome of the year.
这一天是一年的缩影。
The night is the winter, the morning and evening are the spring and fall, and the noon is the summer.
晚上是冬天，早晨和晚上是春天和秋天，中午是夏天。
The cracking and booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature.
冰的破裂和隆隆表明温度的变化。
One pleasant morning after a cold night, February 24th, 1850, having gone to Flint’s Pond to spend the day, I noticed with surprise, that when I struck the ice with the head of my axe, it resounded like a gong for many rods around, or as if I had struck on a tight drum-head.
1850 年 2 月 24 日，一个寒冷的夜晚过后的一个愉快的早晨，我去弗林特池塘度过了一天，我惊讶地发现，当我用斧头敲击冰面时，它发出的声音就像是周围许多棍子的锣声，或者好像我敲击了一个紧密的鼓面。
The pond began to boom about an hour after sunrise, when it felt the influence of the sun’s rays slanted upon it from over the hills; it stretched itself and yawned like a waking man with a gradually increasing tumult, which was kept up three or four hours.
日出后大约一个小时，池塘开始沸腾，当时它感受到了从山上斜射的阳光的影响。它像一个醒着的人一样伸了个懒腰，打着哈欠，声音越来越大，持续了三四个小时。
It took a short siesta at noon, and boomed once more toward night, as the sun was withdrawing his influence.
中午时分，它度过了短暂的午睡，到了晚上，随着太阳的影响力逐渐减弱，它再次隆隆作响。
In the right stage of the weather a pond fires its evening gun with great regularity.
在天气适宜的阶段，池塘有规律地鸣响晚炮。
But in the middle of the day, being full of cracks, and the air also being less elastic, it had completely lost its resonance, and probably fishes and muskrats could not then have been stunned by a blow on it.
但到了中午，它布满了裂缝，空气弹性也减弱了，它就完全失去了共鸣，鱼和麝香鼠可能不会被击晕。
The fishermen say that the “thundering of the pond” scares the fishes and prevents their biting.
渔民们说，“池塘里的雷声”会吓到鱼，阻止它们咬钩。
The pond does not thunder every evening, and I cannot tell surely when to expect its thundering; but though I may perceive no difference in the weather, it does.
池塘并不是每天晚上都会打雷，我也不确定什么时候会打雷。尽管我可能认为天气没有什么不同，但确实如此。
Who would have suspected so large and cold and thick-skinned a thing to be so sensitive?
谁会想到这么大、这么冷、这么厚脸皮的东西竟然这么敏感？
Yet it has its law to which it thunders obedience when it should as surely as the buds expand in the spring.
然而，它有自己的法则，当它应该像春天的花蕾一样肯定地生长时，它就会强烈地服从它。
The earth is all alive and covered with papillæ.
大地充满了生机，布满了乳突。
The largest pond is as sensitive to atmospheric changes as the globule of mercury in its tube.
最大的池塘对大气变化的敏感度就像管子里的汞球一样。
One attraction in coming to the woods to live was that I should have leisure and opportunity to see the spring come in.
来到树林里生活的一大吸引力就是我可以有闲暇和机会看到春天的到来。
The ice in the pond at length begins to be honey-combed, and I can set my heel in it as I walk.
池塘里的冰终于开始呈蜂窝状，我走路时可以把脚后跟放进去。
Fogs and rains and warmer suns are gradually melting the snow; the days have grown sensibly longer; and I see how I shall get through the winter without adding to my wood-pile, for large fires are no longer necessary.
雾气、雨水和温暖的阳光正在逐渐融化积雪；日子明显变长了；我知道如何在不添加木柴的情况下度过冬天，因为不再需要生火了。
I am on the alert for the first signs of spring, to hear the chance note of some arriving bird, or the striped squirrel’s chirp, for his stores must be now nearly exhausted, or see the woodchuck venture out of his winter quarters.
我警惕着春天的第一个迹象，听到一些到达的鸟儿偶然发出的声音，或者条纹松鼠的鸣叫声，因为他的储备现在几乎耗尽了，或者看到土拨鼠冒险走出他的冬季住所。
On the 13th of March, after I had heard the bluebird, song-sparrow, and red-wing, the ice was still nearly a foot thick.
3月13日，当我听到蓝知更鸟、歌麻雀和红翅鸟的鸣叫声后，冰层仍然有近一英尺厚。
As the weather grew warmer it was not sensibly worn away by the water, nor broken up and floated off as in rivers, but, though it was completely melted for half a rod in width about the shore, the middle was merely honey-combed and saturated with water, so that you could put your foot through it when six inches thick; but by the next day evening, perhaps, after a warm rain followed by fog, it would have wholly disappeared, all gone off with the fog, spirited away.
随着天气变暖，它并没有明显地被水磨损，也没有像河流那样破碎和漂浮，但是，尽管它完全融化了，岸边有半杆宽，但中间只是蜂窝状的，被水浸透了，所以你可以在六英寸厚的时候把脚踩进去；但到了第二天晚上，也许，在一场暖雨和大雾之后，它就会完全消失，随着雾气消失，悄悄消失。
One year I went across the middle only five days before it disappeared entirely.
有一年，我只穿过中间五天，它就完全消失了。
In 1845 Walden was first completely open on the 1st of April; in ’46, the 25th of March; in ’47, the 8th of April; in ’51, the 28th of March; in ’52, the 18th of April; in ’53, the 23d of March; in ’54, about the 7th of April.
1845 年，瓦尔登湖于 4 月 1 日首次完全开放； 46年，3月25日； 47年，4月8日； 51年，3月28日； 52年，4月18日； 53年，3月23日； 54 年，大约 4 月 7 日。
Every incident connected with the breaking up of the rivers and ponds and the settling of the weather is particularly interesting to us who live in a climate of so great extremes.
对于生活在如此极端气候中的我们来说，与河流和池塘的溃决以及天气的稳定有关的每一个事件都特别有趣。
When the warmer days come, they who dwell near the river hear the ice crack at night with a startling whoop as loud as artillery, as if its icy fetters were rent from end to end, and within a few days see it rapidly going out.
天暖了，住在河边的人，晚上就听见冰裂开来，发出一声炮响，令人惊愕，仿佛冰冷的枷锁从头到尾被撕裂，不几天，就见它迅速消散。
So the alligator comes out of the mud with quakings of the earth.
于是，随着大地的震动，鳄鱼从泥里爬了出来。
One old man, who has been a close observer of Nature, and seems as thoroughly wise in regard to all her operations as if she had been put upon the stocks when he was a boy, and he had helped to lay her keel,—who has come to his growth, and can hardly acquire more of natural lore if he should live to the age of Methuselah,—told me, and I was surprised to hear him express wonder at any of Nature’s operations, for I thought that there were no secrets between them, that one spring day he took his gun and boat, and thought that he would have a little sport with the ducks.
一位老人对我说，他一直是大自然的密切观察者，对大自然的所有运作似乎都非常明智，就好像她在他还是个孩子时就被放在木桩上一样，他还帮助铺设了她的龙骨，他已经长大了，如果他活到玛土撒拉的年龄，几乎无法获得更多的自然知识，他告诉我，我很惊讶地听到他对大自然的任何运作表示惊讶，因为我认为他们之间没有秘密，那年春天那天，他带着枪和船，想和鸭子们玩一会儿。
There was ice still on the meadows, but it was all gone out of the river, and he dropped down without obstruction from Sudbury, where he lived, to Fair-Haven Pond, which he found, unexpectedly, covered for the most part with a firm field of ice.
草地上还有冰，但河里的冰都已经消失了，他毫无阻碍地从他居住的萨德伯里降落到费尔黑文池塘，出乎意料地，他发现池塘的大部分都被一层坚固的冰覆盖着。
It was a warm day, and he was surprised to see so great a body of ice remaining.
这是一个温暖的日子，他很惊讶地看到如此大的冰块。
Not seeing any ducks, he hid his boat on the north or back side of an island in the pond, and then concealed himself in the bushes on the south side, to await them.
见不到鸭子，他就把船藏在池中小岛的北侧或后侧，然后又藏在南侧的灌木丛中等待它们。
The ice was melted for three or four rods from the shore, and there was a smooth and warm sheet of water, with a muddy bottom, such as the ducks love, within, and he thought it likely that some would be along pretty soon.
距离海岸三四竿远的地方，冰已经融化了，有一片光滑而温暖的水面，底部泥泞，就像鸭子喜欢的那样，他认为有些鸭子可能很快就会出现。
After he had lain still there about an hour he heard a low and seemingly very distant sound, but singularly grand and impressive, unlike any thing he had ever heard, gradually swelling and increasing as if it would have a universal and memorable ending, a sullen rush and roar, which seemed to him all at once like the sound of a vast body of fowl coming in to settle there, and, seizing his gun, he started up in haste and excited; but he found, to his surprise, that the whole body of the ice had started while he lay there, and drifted in to the shore, and the sound he had heard was made by its edge grating on the shore,—at first gently nibbled and crumbled off, but at length heaving up and scattering its wrecks along the island to a considerable height before it came to a stand still.
他静静地躺了大约一个小时后，他听到了一种低沉的、看似非常遥远的声音，但却异常宏大和令人印象深刻，与他所听过的任何声音都不一样，逐渐膨胀和增强，仿佛会有一个普遍而难忘的结局，一种阴沉的冲刺和咆哮，在他看来，这突然就像一大群家禽飞来定居在那里的声音，他抓起枪，匆忙而兴奋地跳了起来；但令他惊奇的是，当他躺在那里时，整个冰体已经开始流动，漂到了岸边，他听到的声音是由冰的边缘在岸上摩擦发出的，一开始是轻轻地啃咬和碎裂，但最后，它的残骸沿着岛屿升起并散落到相当高的高度，然后才静止不动。
At length the sun’s rays have attained the right angle, and warm winds blow up mist and rain and melt the snow banks, and the sun dispersing the mist smiles on a checkered landscape of russet and white smoking with incense, through which the traveller picks his way from islet to islet, cheered by the music of a thousand tinkling rills and rivulets whose veins are filled with the blood of winter which they are bearing off.
终于，太阳的光线达到了正确的角度，温暖的风吹起雾气和雨水，融化了雪岸，驱散雾气的太阳微笑着照耀着一片黄褐色和白色的方格景观，冒着熏香，旅行者在这片小岛中选择自己的道路，在一千条叮当作响的小溪和小溪的音乐中欢呼，这些小溪的血管里充满了它们正在涌出的冬天的血液。
Few phenomena gave me more delight than to observe the forms which thawing sand and clay assume in flowing down the sides of a deep cut on the railroad through which I passed on my way to the village, a phenomenon not very common on so large a scale, though the number of freshly exposed banks of the right material must have been greatly multiplied since railroads were invented.
没有什么现象比观察解冻的沙子和粘土沿着我去村庄的铁路上的深切口两侧流下的形状更让我高兴的了，这种现象在如此大的范围内并不常见，尽管自从铁路发明以来，新暴露的合适材料的堤岸数量肯定已经大大增加了。
The material was sand of every degree of fineness and of various rich colors, commonly mixed with a little clay.
材料是各种细度和各种丰富颜色的沙子，通常与少量粘土混合。
When the frost comes out in the spring, and even in a thawing day in the winter, the sand begins to flow down the slopes like lava, sometimes bursting out through the snow and overflowing it where no sand was to be seen before.
当春天结霜时，甚至在冬天解冻的日子里，沙子就开始像熔岩一样顺着山坡流下来，有时会冲破积雪，漫过以前看不见沙子的地方。
Innumerable little streams overlap and interlace one with another, exhibiting a sort of hybrid product, which obeys half way the law of currents, and half way that of vegetation.
无数的小溪相互重叠、交错，呈现出一种混合产物，它一半遵循水流法则，一半遵循植被法则。
As it flows it takes the forms of sappy leaves or vines, making heaps of pulpy sprays a foot or more in depth, and resembling, as you look down on them, the laciniated, lobed, and imbricated thalluses of some lichens; or you are reminded of coral, of leopard’s paws or birds’ feet, of brains or lungs or bowels, and excrements of all kinds.
当它流动时，它会以多汁的叶子或藤蔓的形式出现，形成一英尺或更深的一堆浆状喷雾，当你俯视它们时，它们就像一些地衣的锯齿状、浅裂状和叠瓦状的叶状体；或者你会想起珊瑚、豹子的爪子或鸟的脚、大脑、肺或肠，以及各种排泄物。
It is a truly _grotesque_ vegetation, whose forms and color we see imitated in bronze, a sort of architectural foliage more ancient and typical than acanthus, chiccory, ivy, vine, or any vegetable leaves; destined perhaps, under some circumstances, to become a puzzle to future geologists.
这是一种真正怪诞的植被，我们看到它的形状和颜色是模仿青铜的，是一种比老鼠、菊苣、常春藤、藤蔓或任何蔬菜叶子更古老和典型的建筑叶子；在某些情况下，也许注定会成为未来地质学家的一个难题。
The whole cut impressed me as if it were a cave with its stalactites laid open to the light.
整个切割给我留下了深刻的印象，就好像它是一个钟乳石暴露在阳光下的洞穴。
The various shades of the sand are singularly rich and agreeable, embracing the different iron colors, brown, gray, yellowish, and reddish.
沙子的各种色调异常丰富和宜人，包括不同的铁色，棕色、灰色、黄色和红色。
When the flowing mass reaches the drain at the foot of the bank it spreads out flatter into _strands_, the separate streams losing their semi-cylindrical form and gradually becoming more flat and broad, running together as they are more moist, till they form an almost flat _sand_, still variously and beautifully shaded, but in which you can trace the original forms of vegetation; till at length, in the water itself, they are converted into _banks_, like those formed off the mouths of rivers, and the forms of vegetation are lost in the ripple marks on the bottom.
当流动的物质到达河岸底部的排水沟时，它会更平坦地展开成股，单独的溪流失去了半圆柱形的形状，逐渐变得更加平坦和宽阔，随着它们变得更加湿润，它们一起流动，直到它们形成几乎平坦的沙子，仍然有各种美丽的阴影，但在其中你可以追踪植被的原始形式；直到最后，在水中，它们变成了河岸，就像河口形成的河岸一样，植被的形状消失在底部的波纹痕迹中。
The whole bank, which is from twenty to forty feet high, is sometimes overlaid with a mass of this kind of foliage, or sandy rupture, for a quarter of a mile on one or both sides, the produce of one spring day.
整个河岸的高度从二十英尺到四十英尺不等，有时在一侧或两侧都覆盖着大量这种树叶或沙质破裂物，覆盖了四分之一英里，这是一个春日的产物。
What makes this sand foliage remarkable is its springing into existence thus suddenly.
这种沙叶之所以引人注目，是因为它突然出现。
When I see on the one side the inert bank,—for the sun acts on one side first,—and on the other this luxuriant foliage, the creation of an hour, I am affected as if in a peculiar sense I stood in the laboratory of the Artist who made the world and me,—had come to where he was still at work, sporting on this bank, and with excess of energy strewing his fresh designs about.
当我在一侧看到静止的河岸——因为太阳首先作用于一侧——而在另一侧看到茂密的树叶，创造一个小时时，我受到了感动，仿佛在一种特殊的感觉中，我站在创造了世界和我的艺术家的实验室里——来到了他仍在工作的地方，在河岸上运动，并以过剩的精力散布着他的新鲜设计。
I feel as if I were nearer to the vitals of the globe, for this sandy overflow is something such a foliaceous mass as the vitals of the animal body.
我感觉自己好像离地球的要害更近了，因为这些沙质溢出物是像动物身体的要害一样的叶状物质。
You find thus in the very sands an anticipation of the vegetable leaf.
因此，你在沙子里发现了对菜叶的期待。
No wonder that the earth expresses itself outwardly in leaves, it so labors with the idea inwardly.
难怪大地通过树叶来表达自己的外在表现，它的内心也在与这个想法一起劳作。
The atoms have already learned this law, and are pregnant by it.
原子已经学会了这个定律，并受其孕育。
The overhanging leaf sees here its prototype.
悬垂的叶子在这里看到了它的原型。
_Internally_, whether in the globe or animal body, it is a moist thick _lobe_, a word especially applicable to the liver and lungs and the _leaves_ of fat, (?e?ß?, _labor_, _lapsus_, to flow or slip downward, a lapsing; ??ß??, _globus_, lobe, globe; also lap, flap, and many other words,) _externally_ a dry thin _leaf_, even as the _f_ and _v_ are a pressed and dried _b_.
_内部_，无论是在球体还是动物体内，它都是潮湿的厚_叶_，这个词特别适用于肝脏和肺以及脂肪的_叶子_，（？e？ß？，_labor_，_lapsus_，向下流动或滑落，失效；??ß??，_globus_，叶，球体；还有lap，flap和许多其他词，）_外部_干薄_叶子_，即使_f_和_v_是压制和干燥的_b_。
The radicals of _lobe_ are _lb_, the soft mass of the _b_ (single lobed, or B, double lobed,) with the liquid _l_ behind it pressing it forward.
_lobe_ 的部首是 _lb_，_b_（单叶，或 B，双叶）的柔软质量，其后面的液体 _l_ 将其向前推动。
In globe, _glb_, the guttural _g_ adds to the meaning the capacity of the throat.
在地球仪_glb_中，喉音_g_增加了喉咙容量的含义。
The feathers and wings of birds are still drier and thinner leaves.
鸟类的羽毛和翅膀仍然是干燥和薄薄的叶子。
Thus, also, you pass from the lumpish grub in the earth to the airy and fluttering butterfly.
就这样，你也从地里的块状幼虫变成了空中飞舞的蝴蝶。
The very globe continually transcends and translates itself, and becomes winged in its orbit.
地球不断超越和平移自身，并在其轨道上长出翅膀。
Even ice begins with delicate crystal leaves, as if it had flowed into moulds which the fronds of water plants have impressed on the watery mirror.
甚至冰也开始于精致的水晶叶子，仿佛它已经流入模具中，水生植物的叶子在水镜上留下了印记。
The whole tree itself is but one leaf, and rivers are still vaster leaves whose pulp is intervening earth, and towns and cities are the ova of insects in their axils.
整棵树本身只是一片叶子，河流仍然是更广阔的叶子，其果肉插入泥土，城镇是腋下昆虫的卵。
When the sun withdraws the sand ceases to flow, but in the morning the streams will start once more and branch and branch again into a myriad of others.
当太阳落山时，沙子就停止流动，但到了早晨，溪流又会再次涌出，并再次分叉，汇成无数的溪流。
You here see perchance how blood vessels are formed.
您在这里也许可以看到血管是如何形成的。
If you look closely you observe that first there pushes forward from the thawing mass a stream of softened sand with a drop-like point, like the ball of the finger, feeling its way slowly and blindly downward, until at last with more heat and moisture, as the sun gets higher, the most fluid portion, in its effort to obey the law to which the most inert also yields, separates from the latter and forms for itself a meandering channel or artery within that, in which is seen a little silvery stream glancing like lightning from one stage of pulpy leaves or branches to another, and ever and anon swallowed up in the sand.
如果你仔细观察，你会发现，首先从解冻的物质中向前推出一股软化的沙流，带有水滴状的点，就像手指的球一样，慢慢地、盲目地向下摸索，直到最后随着太阳越来越高，热量和水分越来越多，最具流动性的部分，努力遵守最惰性的部分也屈服的法则，与后者分离，并在其中形成一条蜿蜒的通道或动脉，其中可以看到一条银色的小溪像闪电一样闪烁。一层又一层的浆状叶子或树枝，不断地被沙子吞没。
It is wonderful how rapidly yet perfectly the sand organizes itself as it flows, using the best material its mass affords to form the sharp edges of its channel.
令人惊奇的是，沙子在流动时能够快速而完美地自我组织，利用其质量所提供的最好的材料来形成其通道的锋利边缘。
Such are the sources of rivers.
这就是河流的源头。
In the silicious matter which the water deposits is perhaps the bony system, and in the still finer soil and organic matter the fleshy fibre or cellular tissue.
在水沉积的硅质物质中可能是骨系统，在更细的土壤和有机物质中可能是肉质纤维或细胞组织。
What is man but a mass of thawing clay?
人不就是一团融化的泥土吗？
The ball of the human finger is but a drop congealed.
人的指头只不过是一滴凝结的水滴。
The fingers and toes flow to their extent from the thawing mass of the body.
手指和脚趾从身体的解冻中流到了一定程度。
Who knows what the human body would expand and flow out to under a more genial heaven?
谁知道在一个更加和蔼可亲的天堂下，人体会膨胀并流向什么地方呢？
Is not the hand a spreading _palm_ leaf with its lobes and veins?
手不是一片展开的棕榈叶，有叶和叶脉吗？
The ear may be regarded, fancifully, as a lichen, _umbilicaria_, on the side of the head, with its lobe or drop.
耳朵可以被想象为头部侧面的地衣，_umbilicaria_，有耳垂或耳垂。
The lip—_labium_, from _labor_ (?)—laps or lapses from the sides of the cavernous mouth.
嘴唇——_labium_，来自_labor_（？）——从海绵状口腔的两侧绕圈或下垂。
The nose is a manifest congealed drop or stalactite.
鼻子是明显凝结的水滴或钟乳石。
The chin is a still larger drop, the confluent dripping of the face.
下巴是一个更大的落差，是脸部的汇合水滴。
The cheeks are a slide from the brows into the valley of the face, opposed and diffused by the cheek bones.
脸颊是从眉毛滑入脸谷的区域，与颧骨相对并扩散。
Each rounded lobe of the vegetable leaf, too, is a thick and now loitering drop, larger or smaller; the lobes are the fingers of the leaf; and as many lobes as it has, in so many directions it tends to flow, and more heat or other genial influences would have caused it to flow yet farther.
蔬菜叶子的每个圆形裂片也是一个厚厚的、现在徘徊的水滴，或大或小。裂片是叶子的手指；尽管它有许多裂片，但它往往会向多个方向流动，更多的热量或其他温和的影响会导致它流得更远。
Thus it seemed that this one hillside illustrated the principle of all the operations of Nature.
因此，这一山坡似乎说明了自然所有运作的原理。
The Maker of this earth but patented a leaf.
这个地球的创造者却为一片叶子申请了专利。
What Champollion will decipher this hieroglyphic for us, that we may turn over a new leaf at last?
商博良将为我们破译这个象形文字，让我们最终翻开新的一页？
This phenomenon is more exhilarating to me than the luxuriance and fertility of vineyards.
这种现象比葡萄园的茂盛和肥沃更让我兴奋。
True, it is somewhat excrementitious in its character, and there is no end to the heaps of liver lights and bowels, as if the globe were turned wrong side outward; but this suggests at least that Nature has some bowels, and there again is mother of humanity.
诚然，它的性质有些排泄物，肝脏的光和肠子堆得没完没了，就好像地球仪向外翻转一样；但这至少表明大自然有一些肠子，而且还有人类之母。
This is the frost coming out of the ground; this is Spring.
这是从地里冒出来的霜；这是春天。
It precedes the green and flowery spring, as mythology precedes regular poetry.
它先于绿色和鲜花盛开的春天，就像神话先于普通诗歌一样。
I know of nothing more purgative of winter fumes and indigestions.
据我所知，没有什么比这更能缓解冬天的废气和消化不良了。
It convinces me that Earth is still in her swaddling clothes, and stretches forth baby fingers on every side.
它让我相信地球仍然在她的襁褓中，并且向四面八方伸出婴儿的手指。
Fresh curls spring from the baldest brow.
新鲜的卷发从最秃的额头上冒出来。
There is nothing inorganic.
没有什么是无机的。
These foliaceous heaps lie along the bank like the slag of a furnace, showing that Nature is “in full blast” within.
这些叶子堆像熔炉的炉渣一样沿着河岸躺着，表明大自然正在“全面爆发”。
The earth is not a mere fragment of dead history, stratum upon stratum like the leaves of a book, to be studied by geologists and antiquaries chiefly, but living poetry like the leaves of a tree, which precede flowers and fruit,—not a fossil earth, but a living earth; compared with whose great central life all animal and vegetable life is merely parasitic.
地球不仅仅是死去的历史的碎片，像书页一样层层叠叠，主要由地质学家和古文物学家来研究，而是像树叶一样的活生生的诗歌，先于花朵和果实——不是化石地球，而是活生生的地球；与它伟大的中心生命相比，所有的动植物生命都只是寄生的。
Its throes will heave our exuviæ from their graves.
它的阵痛将把我们的尸体从坟墓里挖出来。
You may melt your metals and cast them into the most beautiful moulds you can; they will never excite me like the forms which this molten earth flows out into.
你可以熔化你的金属并将它们铸造成你能做到的最漂亮的模具；它们永远不会像这熔土流出的形状那样让我兴奋。
And not only it, but the institutions upon it, are plastic like clay in the hands of the potter.
不仅是它，连其上的机构都像陶工手中的粘土一样可塑。
Ere long, not only on these banks, but on every hill and plain and in every hollow, the frost comes out of the ground like a dormant quadruped from its burrow, and seeks the sea with music, or migrates to other climes in clouds.
不久之后，不仅在这些河岸上，而且在每一座山丘、每一个平原、每一个洼地里，霜冻都像休眠的四足动物从洞穴里钻出来，随着音乐寻找大海，或者在云彩中迁移到其他地方。
Thaw with his gentle persuasion is more powerful than Thor with his hammer.
解冻的温和劝说比托尔的锤子更有力量。
The one melts, the other but breaks in pieces.
一个融化了，另一个却碎成了碎片。
When the ground was partially bare of snow, and a few warm days had dried its surface somewhat, it was pleasant to compare the first tender signs of the infant year just peeping forth with the stately beauty of the withered vegetation which had withstood the winter,—life-everlasting, golden-rods, pinweeds, and graceful wild grasses, more obvious and interesting frequently than in summer even, as if their beauty was not ripe till then; even cotton-grass, cat-tails, mulleins, johnswort, hard-hack, meadow-sweet, and other strong stemmed plants, those unexhausted granaries which entertain the earliest birds,—decent weeds, at least, which widowed Nature wears.
当地面部分没有积雪，几天温暖的天气使地面有些干燥时，将刚刚显现的婴儿年的第一个温柔迹象与经受住冬天的枯萎植被的庄严之美进行比较是令人愉快的——永恒的生命，金针花，荠草和优雅的野草，甚至比夏天更明显和有趣，仿佛它们的美丽直到那时才成熟；甚至还有棉草、猫尾草、毛蕊花、约翰草、苦草、甜草以及其他茎干茂盛的植物，那些养育最早的鸟类的未耗尽的粮仓——至少是寡居的大自然所穿的体面的杂草。
I am particularly attracted by the arching and sheaf-like top of the wool-grass; it brings back the summer to our winter memories, and is among the forms which art loves to copy, and which, in the vegetable kingdom, have the same relation to types already in the mind of man that astronomy has.
我特别被羊毛草的拱形和束状顶部所吸引。它把夏天带回我们冬天的记忆中，是艺术喜欢模仿的形式之一，在植物王国中，它与天文学中已经存在于人类头脑中的类型有着同样的关系。
It is an antique style older than Greek or Egyptian.
这是一种比希腊或埃及更古老的古董风格。
Many of the phenomena of Winter are suggestive of an inexpressible tenderness and fragile delicacy.
冬天的许多现象都让人联想到一种难以言喻的温柔和脆弱的精致。
We are accustomed to hear this king described as a rude and boisterous tyrant; but with the gentleness of a lover he adorns the tresses of Summer.
我们习惯于听到这位国王被描述为一个粗鲁、喧闹的暴君。但他以情人的温柔装饰着夏天的长发。
At the approach of spring the red-squirrels got under my house, two at a time, directly under my feet as I sat reading or writing, and kept up the queerest chuckling and chirruping and vocal pirouetting and gurgling sounds that ever were heard; and when I stamped they only chirruped the louder, as if past all fear and respect in their mad pranks, defying humanity to stop them.
春天来临的时候，红松鼠就钻到我的房子下面，一次两只，当我坐着读书或写字时，红松鼠就在我的脚下，不停地发出有史以来最奇怪的咯咯笑声、叽叽喳喳声、旋转声和汩汩声。当我跺脚时，它们只会叫得更大声，仿佛在疯狂的恶作剧中超越了所有的恐惧和尊重，无视人类的阻止。
No you don’t—chickaree—chickaree.
不，你不知道——chickaree——chickaree。
They were wholly deaf to my arguments, or failed to perceive their force, and fell into a strain of invective that was irresistible.
他们对我的论点完全充耳不闻，或者说没有意识到我的论点的力量，并陷入了不可抗拒的谩骂之中。
The first sparrow of spring!
春天的第一只麻雀！
The year beginning with younger hope than ever!
新的一年以比以往更年轻的希望开始！
The faint silvery warblings heard over the partially bare and moist fields from the blue-bird, the song-sparrow, and the red-wing, as if the last flakes of winter tinkled as they fell!
部分光秃秃的潮湿田野上空，传来青鸟、歌麻雀和红翅鸟发出的微弱的银色鸣叫声，仿佛冬天的最后一片雪花飘落时叮当作响！
What at such a time are histories, chronologies, traditions, and all written revelations?
在这样的时刻，历史、年表、传统和所有书面启示是什么？
The brooks sing carols and glees to the spring.
小溪向春天唱着颂歌和欢乐。
The marsh-hawk sailing low over the meadow is already seeking the first slimy life that awakes.
低空掠过草地的沼泽鹰已经在寻找第一个苏醒的粘糊糊的生命了。
The sinking sound of melting snow is heard in all dells, and the ice dissolves apace in the ponds.
所有山谷中都能听到雪融化的沉沉声，池塘里的冰迅速融化。
The grass flames up on the hillsides like a spring fire,—“et primitus oritur herba imbribus primoribus evocata,”—as if the earth sent forth an inward heat to greet the returning sun; not yellow but green is the color of its flame;—the symbol of perpetual youth, the grass-blade, like a long green ribbon, streams from the sod into the summer, checked indeed by the frost, but anon pushing on again, lifting its spear of last year’s hay with the fresh life below.
山坡上的小草像春天的火一样熊熊燃烧，“et primitus oritur herba imbribus primoribus evocata”——仿佛大地散发出一股内在的热量，迎接归来的太阳；它火焰的颜色不是黄色而是绿色；——永恒青春的象征，草叶像一条长长的绿色丝带，从草皮流向夏天，确实受到了霜冻的阻碍，但很快又继续前进，举起了去年干草的矛，下面是新鲜的生命。
It grows as steadily as the rill oozes out of the ground.
它像小溪从地下渗出一样稳定地生长。
It is almost identical with that, for in the growing days of June, when the rills are dry, the grass blades are their channels, and from year to year the herds drink at this perennial green stream, and the mower draws from it betimes their winter supply.
这几乎与此相同，因为在六月生长的日子里，当小溪干燥时，草叶就是它们的通道，年复一年，牛群在这条常年绿色的溪流中喝水，割草机在冬季供应时从中汲水。
So our human life but dies down to its root, and still puts forth its green blade to eternity.
所以我们人类的生命不过是连根都枯死了，但仍然伸出绿色的刀刃直到永恒。
Walden is melting apace.
瓦尔登湖正在迅速融化。
There is a canal two rods wide along the northerly and westerly sides, and wider still at the east end.
北侧和西侧有一条两杆宽的运河，东端更宽。
A great field of ice has cracked off from the main body.
一大片冰原从本体上裂开。
I hear a song-sparrow singing from the bushes on the shore,—_olit_, _olit_, _olit,_—_chip_, _chip_, _chip_, _che char_,—_che wiss_, _wiss_, _wiss_.
我听到一只歌雀在岸边的灌木丛中歌唱，—_olit_，_olit_，_olit，_—_chip_，_chip_，_chip_，_che char_，_che wiss_，_wiss_，_wiss_。
He too is helping to crack it.
他也在帮助破解这个难题。
How handsome the great sweeping curves in the edge of the ice, answering somewhat to those of the shore, but more regular!
冰边的巨大弧线多么漂亮，与岸边的弧线有些相似，但更规则！
It is unusually hard, owing to the recent severe but transient cold, and all watered or waved like a palace floor.
由于最近严寒的影响，它异常坚硬，而且都被浇水或波动，就像宫殿的地板一样。
But the wind slides eastward over its opaque surface in vain, till it reaches the living surface beyond.
但风徒劳地在其不透明的表面上向东滑行，直到到达远处的生命表面。
It is glorious to behold this ribbon of water sparkling in the sun, the bare face of the pond full of glee and youth, as if it spoke the joy of the fishes within it, and of the sands on its shore,—a silvery sheen as from the scales of a _leuciscus_, as it were all one active fish.
看到这片水带在阳光下闪闪发光，光秃秃的池塘充满了欢乐和青春，仿佛它诉说着里面的鱼儿和岸上的沙子的欢乐，这是光荣的——银光闪闪，就像白鳉的鳞片一样，就像它们都是一条活跃的鱼一样。
Such is the contrast between winter and spring.
这就是冬天和春天的对比。
Walden was dead and is alive again.
瓦尔登死了又活了。
But this spring it broke up more steadily, as I have said.
但正如我所说，今年春天它的破裂更加稳定。
The change from storm and winter to serene and mild weather, from dark and sluggish hours to bright and elastic ones, is a memorable crisis which all things proclaim.
从暴风雨和冬天到宁静和温和的天气，从黑暗和迟缓的时间到明亮和富有弹性的时间的变化，是万物都在宣告的令人难忘的危机。
It is seemingly instantaneous at last.
这似乎是瞬间的事。
Suddenly an influx of light filled my house, though the evening was at hand, and the clouds of winter still overhung it, and the eaves were dripping with sleety rain.
突然，一道光涌进了我的屋子，尽管夜色已近，冬日的阴云依然笼罩着屋子，屋檐上正滴着雨夹雪。
I looked out the window, and lo!
我向窗外望去，瞧！
where yesterday was cold gray ice there lay the transparent pond already calm and full of hope as in a summer evening, reflecting a summer evening sky in its bosom, though none was visible overhead, as if it had intelligence with some remote horizon.
昨天还是冰冷的灰冰的地方，现在是透明的池塘，平静而充满希望，就像夏日的傍晚一样，在它的怀抱中倒映着夏日傍晚的天空，尽管头顶上看不到任何东西，仿佛它对遥远的地平线有智慧。
I heard a robin in the distance, the first I had heard for many a thousand years, methought, whose note I shall not forget for many a thousand more,—the same sweet and powerful song as of yore.
我听到远处传来知更鸟的声音，我想，这是我几千年来第一次听到的，它的歌声我在以后的几千年里都不会忘记——和以前一样甜美而有力的歌声。
O the evening robin, at the end of a New England summer day!
噢，晚间知更鸟，在新英格兰夏日的尾声！
If I could ever find the twig he sits upon!
如果我能找到他坐的那根树枝就好了！
I mean _he_; I mean _the twig_.
我的意思是_他_；我的意思是_树枝_。
This at least is not the _Turdus migratorius_.
这至少不是_Turdus migratorius_。
The pitch-pines and shrub-oaks about my house, which had so long drooped, suddenly resumed their several characters, looked brighter, greener, and more erect and alive, as if effectually cleansed and restored by the rain.
我屋子周围的松树和灌木橡树，原本已经下垂了很久，突然又恢复了原来的样子，显得更加明亮、更加翠绿、更加挺拔、更加生机勃勃，仿佛被雨水有效地净化和恢复了一样。
I knew that it would not rain any more.
我知道不会再下雨了。
You may tell by looking at any twig of the forest, ay, at your very wood-pile, whether its winter is past or not.
你可以通过观察森林中的任何一根树枝，呃，看看你的木头堆，来判断冬天是否已经过去。
As it grew darker, I was startled by the _honking_ of geese flying low over the woods, like weary travellers getting in late from southern lakes, and indulging at last in unrestrained complaint and mutual consolation.
天渐渐黑了，我被低空飞过树林的大雁的鸣叫声吓了一跳，就像从南方湖区迟到的疲惫旅人，终于沉迷于无拘无束的抱怨和相互安慰之中。
Standing at my door, I could hear the rush of their wings; when, driving toward my house, they suddenly spied my light, and with hushed clamor wheeled and settled in the pond.
站在我家门口，我能听到它们翅膀的拍打声；当它们向我家驶去时，突然发现了我的光芒，便低声叫嚷着转过身来，停在了池塘里。
So I came in, and shut the door, and passed my first spring night in the woods.
于是我走进去，关上门，在树林里度过了我的第一个春夜。
In the morning I watched the geese from the door through the mist, sailing in the middle of the pond, fifty rods off, so large and tumultuous that Walden appeared like an artificial pond for their amusement.
早上，我透过薄雾，从门口看着大雁在五十杆远的池塘中央航行，池塘如此之大，如此喧闹，以至于瓦尔登湖看起来就像一个供它们娱乐的人工池塘。
But when I stood on the shore they at once rose up with a great flapping of wings at the signal of their commander, and when they had got into rank circled about over my head, twenty-nine of them, and then steered straight to Canada, with a regular _honk_ from the leader at intervals, trusting to break their fast in muddier pools.
但当我站在岸边时，它们在指挥官的信号下立即猛烈地拍打翅膀，当它们排好队后，它们在我头顶上空盘旋，共有二十九只，然后径直驶向加拿大，领头者时不时地发出规律的鸣叫声，相信会在更泥泞的水池中开斋。
A “plump” of ducks rose at the same time and took the route to the north in the wake of their noisier cousins.
一群“胖乎乎”的鸭子同时升起，追随它们吵闹的表兄弟，向北走去。
For a week I heard the circling, groping clangor of some solitary goose in the foggy mornings, seeking its companion, and still peopling the woods with the sound of a larger life than they could sustain.
整整一个星期，我听到一些孤独的鹅在雾蒙蒙的早晨盘旋、摸索的叮当声，寻找它的同伴，并且仍然在树林中发出一种比它们所能承受的更大的生命的声音。
In April the pigeons were seen again flying express in small flocks, and in due time I heard the martins twittering over my clearing, though it had not seemed that the township contained so many that it could afford me any, and I fancied that they were peculiarly of the ancient race that dwelt in hollow trees ere white men came.
四月份，人们再次看到鸽子成群地飞翔，在适当的时候，我听到马丁鸟在我的空地上叽叽喳喳，尽管小镇上似乎没有那么多鸽子，我买不起，我猜想它们是白人到来之前居住在空心树中的古老种族。
In almost all climes the tortoise and the frog are among the precursors and heralds of this season, and birds fly with song and glancing plumage, and plants spring and bloom, and winds blow, to correct this slight oscillation of the poles and preserve the equilibrium of Nature.
在几乎所有的气候中，乌龟和青蛙都是这个季节的先驱和先驱，鸟儿在歌声中飞翔，掠过羽毛，植物春天开花，风吹来纠正两极的轻微摆动，保持自然的平衡。
As every season seems best to us in its turn, so the coming in of spring is like the creation of Cosmos out of Chaos and the realization of the Golden Age.—
因为每个季节对我们来说都是最好的，所以春天的到来就像宇宙从混沌中诞生和黄金时代的实现一样。
“Eurus ad Auroram Nabathæaque regna recessit, Persidaque, et radiis juga subdita matutinis.”
“Eurus ad Auroram Nabathæaque regna 隐匿，Persidaque，et radiis juga subdita matutinis。”
“The East-Wind withdrew to Aurora and the Nabathæan kingdom, And the Persian, and the ridges placed under the morning rays
“东风撤退到奥罗拉和纳巴泰王国，还有波斯，以及晨光下的山脊
* * * *
** ** **
Man was born.
人诞生了。
Whether that Artificer of things, The origin of a better world, made him from the divine seed; Or the earth, being recent and lately sundered from the high Ether, retained some seeds of cognate heaven.”
那个造物主，一个更美好世界的起源，是否是由神圣的种子造就的？或者地球，最近才与高等以太分离，保留了一些同源天堂的种子。”
A single gentle rain makes the grass many shades greener.
一场小雨，让草绿了许多。
So our prospects brighten on the influx of better thoughts.
因此，随着更好思想的涌入，我们的前景会更加光明。
We should be blessed if we lived in the present always, and took advantage of every accident that befell us, like the grass which confesses the influence of the slightest dew that falls on it; and did not spend our time in atoning for the neglect of past opportunities, which we call doing our duty.
如果我们总是活在当下，并利用发生在我们身上的每一次意外，就像小草承认落在其上的最轻微的露珠的影响一样，我们应该受到祝福；并且没有花时间来弥补过去忽视的机会，我们称之为尽我们的职责。
We loiter in winter while it is already spring.
我们在冬天徘徊，而现在已经是春天了。
In a pleasant spring morning all men’s sins are forgiven.
在一个宜人的春天早晨，所有人类的罪孽都被宽恕了。
Such a day is a truce to vice.
这样的日子是与罪恶休战的一天。
While such a sun holds out to burn, the vilest sinner may return.
当这样的太阳坚持燃烧时，最邪恶的罪人可能会回来。
Through our own recovered innocence we discern the innocence of our neighbors.
通过我们自己恢复的纯真，我们可以辨别邻居的纯真。
You may have known your neighbor yesterday for a thief, a drunkard, or a sensualist, and merely pitied or despised him, and despaired of the world; but the sun shines bright and warm this first spring morning, re-creating the world, and you meet him at some serene work, and see how his exhausted and debauched veins expand with still joy and bless the new day, feel the spring influence with the innocence of infancy, and all his faults are forgotten.
你可能昨天就知道你的邻居是小偷、酒鬼或好色之徒，而只是怜悯或鄙视他，对世界感到绝望；但你却知道他是一个小偷、一个酒鬼或一个好色之徒，而只是怜悯或鄙视他，对世界感到绝望；但在这第一个春天的早晨，阳光明媚而温暖，重新创造了世界，你在某个安静的工作中遇见他，看到他疲惫而放荡的血管如何充满喜悦地扩张，祝福新的一天，感受春天的影响与婴儿期的纯真，他所有的过错都被遗忘了。
There is not only an atmosphere of good will about him, but even a savor of holiness groping for expression, blindly and ineffectually perhaps, like a new-born instinct, and for a short hour the south hill-side echoes to no vulgar jest.
他身上不仅有一种善意的气氛，甚至还有一种寻求表达的神圣气息，也许是盲目而无效的，就像一种新生的本能，在短短的一个小时里，南山坡上回荡着不是什么粗俗的玩笑。
You see some innocent fair shoots preparing to burst from his gnarled rind and try another year’s life, tender and fresh as the youngest plant.
你会看到一些无辜的嫩芽正准备从他粗糙的外皮中破土而出，尝试新一年的生活，像最年轻的植物一样嫩嫩而新鲜。
Even he has entered into the joy of his Lord.
甚至他也进入了他主的喜乐之中。
Why the jailer does not leave open his prison doors,—why the judge does not dismis his case,—why the preacher does not dismiss his congregation!
为什么狱卒不让牢门敞开，为什么法官不驳回他的案子，为什么传教士不解散他的会众！
It is because they do not obey the hint which God gives them, nor accept the pardon which he freely offers to all.
这是因为他们不听从上帝给他们的暗示，也不接受上帝自由地向所有人提供的赦免。
“A return to goodness produced each day in the tranquil and beneficent breath of the morning, causes that in respect to the love of virtue and the hatred of vice, one approaches a little the primitive nature of man, as the sprouts of the forest which has been felled.
“每天早晨宁静而仁慈的气息中产生的向善的回归，使人们在爱美德和憎恨罪恶方面，稍微接近人类的原始本性，就像被砍伐的森林的新芽一样。
In like manner the evil which one does in the interval of a day prevents the germs of virtues which began to spring up again from developing themselves and destroys them.
同样地，一个人在一天之内所做的恶事，会阻止美德的萌芽重新生长，并摧毁它们。
“After the germs of virtue have thus been prevented many times from developing themselves, then the beneficent breath of evening does not suffice to preserve them.
“在道德的萌芽多次被阻止发展之后，晚上的仁慈呼吸不足以保存它们。
As soon as the breath of evening does not suffice longer to preserve them, then the nature of man does not differ much from that of the brute.
一旦夜晚的气息不足以将它们保存更长时间，那么人的本性就与畜生没有太大区别。
Men seeing the nature of this man like that of the brute, think that he has never possessed the innate faculty of reason.
人们看到这个人的本性就像畜生一样，认为他从来不具备与生俱来的理性能力。
Are those the true and natural sentiments of man?”
这是人类最真实、最自然的情感吗？”
“The Golden Age was first created, which without any avenger Spontaneously without law cherished fidelity and rectitude.
“黄金时代最初被创造出来，没有任何复仇者，自发地没有法律，珍视忠诚和正直。
Punishment and fear were not; nor were threatening words read On suspended brass; nor did the suppliant crowd fear The words of their judge; but were safe without an avenger.
惩罚和恐惧都不是；悬挂的黄铜上也没有宣读威胁性的话语；恳求的群众也不惧怕法官的话；但没有复仇者就安全了。
Not yet the pine felled on its mountains had descended To the liquid waves that it might see a foreign world, And mortals knew no shores but their own.
山上倒下的松树还没有降到液体的波浪中，它可能会看到一个陌生的世界，而凡人除了他们自己的海岸外，不知道任何海岸。
* * * * There was eternal spring, and placid zephyrs with warm Blasts soothed the flowers born without seed.”
* * * * 春天永恒，平静的和风带着温暖的风抚慰着无籽而生的花朵。”
On the 29th of April, as I was fishing from the bank of the river near the Nine-Acre-Corner bridge, standing on the quaking grass and willow roots, where the muskrats lurk, I heard a singular rattling sound, somewhat like that of the sticks which boys play with their fingers, when, looking up, I observed a very slight and graceful hawk, like a night-hawk, alternately soaring like a ripple and tumbling a rod or two over and over, showing the underside of its wings, which gleamed like a satin ribbon in the sun, or like the pearly inside of a shell.
4月29日，我在九亩角桥附近的河边钓鱼，站在麝香鼠潜伏的草木和柳树根上，听到一种奇怪的嘎嘎声，有点像男孩们用手指玩棍子的声音，抬头一看，一只非常纤细优雅的鹰，像夜鹰，时而像涟漪一样翱翔，时而翻滚着一两根棍子，显示出它翅膀的下面，在阳光下闪闪发光，就像一条缎带，或者像贝壳的珍珠内部。
This sight reminded me of falconry and what nobleness and poetry are associated with that sport.
这一景象让我想起了猎鹰运动，以及这项运动的高贵和诗意。
The Merlin it seemed to me it might be called: but I care not for its name.
在我看来，它可能被称为梅林：但我不在乎它的名字。
It was the most ethereal flight I had ever witnessed.
这是我见过的最空灵的飞行。
It did not simply flutter like a butterfly, nor soar like the larger hawks, but it sported with proud reliance in the fields of air; mounting again and again with its strange chuckle, it repeated its free and beautiful fall, turning over and over like a kite, and then recovering from its lofty tumbling, as if it had never set its foot on _terra firma_.
它并不像蝴蝶那样简单地振翅欲飞，也不像更大的鹰那样展翅翱翔，而是在空中骄傲地依靠着它。它一次又一次地爬上来，发出奇怪的笑声，重复着自由而美丽的下落，像风筝一样翻来覆去，然后从高高的翻滚中恢复过来，就好像它从未踏上陆地一样。
It appeared to have no companion in the universe,—sporting there alone,—and to need none but the morning and the ether with which it played.
它似乎在宇宙中没有同伴，独自在那里运动，除了早晨和与之玩耍的以太之外，它不需要任何其他伙伴。
It was not lonely, but made all the earth lonely beneath it.
它并不孤独，但却让它下面的整个地球变得孤独。
Where was the parent which hatched it, its kindred, and its father in the heavens?
孵化它的父母、它的亲族和它在天上的父亲在哪里？
The tenant of the air, it seemed related to the earth but by an egg hatched some time in the crevice of a crag;—or was its native nest made in the angle of a cloud, woven of the rainbow’s trimmings and the sunset sky, and lined with some soft midsummer haze caught up from earth?
空气的租户，它似乎与大地有关，但却是在岩石缝隙中孵化的一颗蛋；或者它的原生巢是在云的角度中筑成的，由彩虹的装饰和落日的天空编织而成，并衬有从地球升起的一些柔和的仲夏薄雾？
Its eyry now some cliffy cloud.
现在它的巢穴变成了悬崖峭壁的云。
Beside this I got a rare mess of golden and silver and bright cupreous fishes, which looked like a string of jewels.
除此之外，我还得到了一堆罕见的金银鱼和明亮的铜鱼，看起来就像一串珠宝。
Ah!
啊！
I have penetrated to those meadows on the morning of many a first spring day, jumping from hummock to hummock, from willow root to willow root, when the wild river valley and the woods were bathed in so pure and bright a light as would have waked the dead, if they had been slumbering in their graves, as some suppose.
许多个春天的早晨，我都曾深入那些草地，从一个小丘跳到另一个小丘，从一根柳根跳到另一根柳根，当时狂野的河谷和树林沐浴在如此纯净和明亮的光芒中，就像一些人想象的那样，如果死者一直睡在坟墓里，那么它们就会被唤醒。
There needs no stronger proof of immortality.
不需要更强有力的证据来证明永生。
All things must live in such a light.
一切事物都必须生活在这样的光中。
O Death, where was thy sting?
死亡啊，你的毒刺在哪里？
O Grave, where was thy victory, then?
哦，坟墓，那么你的胜利在哪里呢？
Our village life would stagnate if it were not for the unexplored forests and meadows which surround it.
如果没有周围未开发的森林和草地，我们的村庄生活将会停滞不前。
We need the tonic of wildness,—to wade sometimes in marshes where the bittern and the meadow-hen lurk, and hear the booming of the snipe; to smell the whispering sedge where only some wilder and more solitary fowl builds her nest, and the mink crawls with its belly close to the ground.
我们需要野性的滋补品——有时涉水而过，那里有海鸥和草场母鸡潜伏的地方，聆听鹬的轰鸣声；闻一闻莎草的低语声，那里只有一些更狂野、更孤独的鸟儿筑巢，水貂则用腹部贴近地面爬行。
At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be infinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable.
我们在热衷于探索和学习万物的同时，要求万物都是神秘的、不可探索的，陆地和海洋是无限狂野的，因为深不可测，所以我们无法考察和测不透。
We can never have enough of Nature.
我们永远无法享受大自然。
We must be refreshed by the sight of inexhaustible vigor, vast and Titanic features, the sea-coast with its wrecks, the wilderness with its living and its decaying trees, the thunder cloud, and the rain which lasts three weeks and produces freshets.
我们一定会因无穷无尽的活力、巨大而泰坦尼克号般的地貌、充满残骸的海岸、充满生机和腐烂树木的荒野、雷雨云和持续三个星期并产生清新的雨而感到精神焕发。
We need to witness our own limits transgressed, and some life pasturing freely where we never wander.
我们需要见证我们自己的极限被超越，一些生命在我们从不徘徊的地方自由地放牧。
We are cheered when we observe the vulture feeding on the carrion which disgusts and disheartens us and deriving health and strength from the repast.
当我们看到秃鹰吃腐肉时，我们会感到欢呼，这让我们感到厌恶和沮丧，并从食物中获得健康和力量。
There was a dead horse in the hollow by the path to my house, which compelled me sometimes to go out of my way, especially in the night when the air was heavy, but the assurance it gave me of the strong appetite and inviolable health of Nature was my compensation for this.
通往我家的小路上的洼地里有一匹死马，有时这迫使我特意走开，尤其是在空气沉重的夜晚，但它给我的保证是强烈的食欲和大自然不可侵犯的健康，这是我对此的补偿。
I love to see that Nature is so rife with life that myriads can be afforded to be sacrificed and suffered to prey on one another; that tender organizations can be so serenely squashed out of existence like pulp,—tadpoles which herons gobble up, and tortoises and toads run over in the road; and that sometimes it has rained flesh and blood!
我喜欢看到大自然如此充满生命，以至于无数生命可以被牺牲并遭受互相掠夺的痛苦；脆弱的组织可以像纸浆一样被平静地压得不复存在——苍鹭吞噬的蝌蚪，乌龟和蟾蜍在路上碾过；有时还会下血肉之雨！
With the liability to accident, we must see how little account is to be made of it.
对于事故责任，我们必须看到对此的重视是多么的少。
The impression made on a wise man is that of universal innocence.
智者给人的印象是普遍的纯真。
Poison is not poisonous after all, nor are any wounds fatal.
毒毕竟没有毒，伤口也不会致命。
Compassion is a very untenable ground.
慈悲是一个非常站不住脚的基础。
It must be expeditious.
一定要迅速。
Its pleadings will not bear to be stereotyped.
它的诉状不应该被定型。
Early in May, the oaks, hickories, maples, and other trees, just putting out amidst the pine woods around the pond, imparted a brightness like sunshine to the landscape, especially in cloudy days, as if the sun were breaking through mists and shining faintly on the hill-sides here and there.
五月初，橡树、山核桃、枫树等树木刚刚在池塘周围的松树林中生长出来，给大地带来了阳光般的明亮，尤其是在阴天，仿佛阳光冲破薄雾，隐隐约约地照在山坡上。
On the third or fourth of May I saw a loon in the pond, and during the first week of the month I heard the whippoorwill, the brown-thrasher, the veery, the wood-pewee, the chewink, and other birds.
五月三四号的时候，我在池塘里看到了一只潜鸟，在这个月的第一周，我听到了鞭鹩、褐鸫、威利鸟、林鸫、咀嚼鸟和其他鸟类的叫声。
I had heard the wood-thrush long before.
我很久以前就听过林鸫的叫声。
The phœbe had already come once more and looked in at my door and window, to see if my house was cavern-like enough for her, sustaining herself on humming wings with clinched talons, as if she held by the air, while she surveyed the premises.
菲比已经再次来到我的门窗，看看我的房子对她来说是否足够像洞穴，她用紧握的爪子用嗡嗡作响的翅膀支撑着自己，仿佛她抓住了空气，同时她观察着房子。
The sulphur-like pollen of the pitch-pine soon covered the pond and the stones and rotten wood along the shore, so that you could have collected a barrel-ful.
松树的硫磺状花粉很快就覆盖了池塘和岸边的石头和腐木，这样你就可以收集满桶了。
This is the “sulphur showers” we hear of.
这就是我们听说的“硫磺阵雨”。
Even in Calidas’ drama of Sacontala, we read of “rills dyed yellow with the golden dust of the lotus.” And so the seasons went rolling on into summer, as one rambles into higher and higher grass.
甚至在卡利达斯的《萨孔塔拉》戏剧中，我们也读到“小溪被莲花的金色尘埃染成黄色”。就这样，季节进入了夏天，人们漫步在越来越高的草丛中。
Thus was my first year’s life in the woods completed; and the second year was similar to it.
我在森林里的第一年生活就这样结束了。第二年也类似。
I finally left Walden September 6th, 1847.
1847 年 9 月 6 日，我终于离开了瓦尔登湖。
Conclusion
结论
To the sick the doctors wisely recommend a change of air and scenery.
对于病人，医生明智地建议改变空气和环境。
Thank Heaven, here is not all the world.
感谢上帝，这里不是世界的全部。
The buck-eye does not grow in New England, and the mocking-bird is rarely heard here.
新英格兰地区不生长七叶树，这里也很少听到反舌鸟的声音。
The wild-goose is more of a cosmopolite than we; he breaks his fast in Canada, takes a luncheon in the Ohio, and plumes himself for the night in a southern bayou.
大雁比我们更具有世界性。他在加拿大开斋，在俄亥俄河享用午餐，并在南部河口过夜。
Even the bison, to some extent, keeps pace with the seasons, cropping the pastures of the Colorado only till a greener and sweeter grass awaits him by the Yellowstone.
即使是野牛，在某种程度上，也会与季节同步，只在科罗拉多河的牧场上耕作，直到黄石河边有更绿、更甜的草在等待着它。
Yet we think that if rail-fences are pulled down, and stone-walls piled up on our farms, bounds are henceforth set to our lives and our fates decided.
然而我们认为，如果我们的农场上的铁栅栏被拆除，石墙堆积起来，那么我们的生活从此就受到了限制，我们的命运也就被决定了。
If you are chosen town-clerk, forsooth, you cannot go to Tierra del Fuego this summer: but you may go to the land of infernal fire nevertheless.
当然，如果你被选为城镇职员，今年夏天你就不能去火地岛了：但你仍然可以去地狱之火之地。
The universe is wider than our views of it.
宇宙比我们看到的更广阔。
Yet we should oftener look over the tafferel of our craft, like curious passengers, and not make the voyage like stupid sailors picking oakum.
然而，我们应该像好奇的乘客一样经常检查我们的船的塔夫雷尔，而不是像愚蠢的水手采摘橡树一样航行。
The other side of the globe is but the home of our correspondent.
地球的另一边只是我们记者的家。
Our voyaging is only great-circle sailing, and the doctors prescribe for diseases of the skin merely.
我们的航行只是大圈航行，医生开的药也只是治疗皮肤病而已。
One hastens to Southern Africa to chase the giraffe; but surely that is not the game he would be after.
一个人急忙前往南部非洲追逐长颈鹿；但这肯定不是他想要的游戏。
How long, pray, would a man hunt giraffes if he could?
请问，如果可以的话，一个人会猎杀长颈鹿多久？
Snipes and woodcocks also may afford rare sport; but I trust it would be nobler game to shoot one’s self.—
鹬和山鹬也可能提供罕见的运动。但我相信开枪自杀会是更高尚的游戏。——
“Direct your eye right inward, and you’ll find A thousand regions in your mind Yet undiscovered.
“把你的眼睛向内看，你会发现你的头脑中有一千个尚未被发现的领域。
Travel them, and be Expert in home-cosmography.”
旅行它们，成为家庭宇宙学专家。”
What does Africa,—what does the West stand for?
非洲代表什么——西方代表什么？
Is not our own interior white on the chart?
我们自己的内部在图表上不是白色的吗？
black though it may prove, like the coast, when discovered.
尽管它可能会被证明是黑色的，就像海岸一样，被发现时。
Is it the source of the Nile, or the Niger, or the Mississippi, or a North-West Passage around this continent, that we would find?
我们会发现尼罗河、尼日尔河、密西西比河或环绕这片大陆的西北航道的源头吗？
Are these the problems which most concern mankind?
这些是人类最关心的问题吗？
Is Franklin the only man who is lost, that his wife should be so earnest to find him?
富兰克林是唯一一个迷路的人，他的妻子会如此热心地寻找他吗？
Does Mr. Grinnell know where he himself is?
格林内尔先生知道他自己在哪里吗？
Be rather the Mungo Park, the Lewis and Clarke and Frobisher, of your own streams and oceans; explore your own higher latitudes,—with shiploads of preserved meats to support you, if they be necessary; and pile the empty cans sky-high for a sign.
更像是芒戈公园、刘易斯、克拉克和弗罗比舍，你自己的溪流和海洋；探索你自己的更高纬度——如果有必要的话，用一船一船的腌制肉类来支持你；然后把空罐子堆到天上作为标志。
Were preserved meats invented to preserve meat merely?
腊肉的发明仅仅是为了保存肉吗？
Nay, be a Columbus to whole new continents and worlds within you, opening new channels, not of trade, but of thought.
不仅如此，成为哥伦布，去探索你内在的全新大陆和世界，开辟新的渠道，不是贸易，而是思想。
Every man is the lord of a realm beside which the earthly empire of the Czar is but a petty state, a hummock left by the ice.
每个人都是一个王国的主宰，在这个王国之外，沙皇的尘世帝国只不过是一个小国家，一个冰雪留下的小丘。
Yet some can be patriotic who have no _self_-respect, and sacrifice the greater to the less.
然而，有些人可能是爱国的，但没有自尊，为了小事而牺牲了大事。
They love the soil which makes their graves, but have no sympathy with the spirit which may still animate their clay.
他们热爱为他们建造坟墓的土壤，但对仍然使他们的泥土充满活力的精神却没有同情心。
Patriotism is a maggot in their heads.
爱国主义是他们脑子里的蛆虫。
What was the meaning of that South-Sea Exploring Expedition, with all its parade and expense, but an indirect recognition of the fact, that there are continents and seas in the moral world to which every man is an isthmus or an inlet, yet unexplored by him, but that it is easier to sail many thousand miles through cold and storm and cannibals, in a government ship, with five hundred men and boys to assist one, than it is to explore the private sea, the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean of one’s being alone.—
那次南海探险队的意义何在，尽管它的游行和费用都很高，但它间接地承认了这样一个事实，即道德世界中存在着大陆和海洋，每个人都是地峡或入口，但尚未被他探索过，但乘坐政府船，带着五百名男子和男孩协助，在寒冷、风暴和食人者中航行数千英里，比探索私人海洋、大西洋和太平洋要容易得多。一个人独自一人。——
“Erret, et extremos alter scrutetur Iberos.
“错误，极端改变了伊比利亚人的立场。
Plus habet hic vitæ, plus habet ille viæ.”
加上habet hic vitæ，加上habet ille viæ。”
Let them wander and scrutinize the outlandish Australians.
让他们去闲逛，审视那些古怪的澳大利亚人。
I have more of God, they more of the road.
我有更多的神，他们更多的路。
It is not worth the while to go round the world to count the cats in Zanzibar.
不值得花时间绕世界去数桑给巴尔的猫。
Yet do this even till you can do better, and you may perhaps find some “Symmes’ Hole” by which to get at the inside at last.
然而，即使这样做，直到你能做得更好，你也许会发现一些“赛姆斯洞”，通过它最终进入内部。
England and France, Spain and Portugal, Gold Coast and Slave Coast, all front on this private sea; but no bark from them has ventured out of sight of land, though it is without doubt the direct way to India.
英国和法国、西班牙和葡萄牙、黄金海岸和奴隶海岸，都在这片私人海域上；但它们的树皮从未离开过陆地，尽管这无疑是通往印度的直接道路。
If you would learn to speak all tongues and conform to the customs of all nations, if you would travel farther than all travellers, be naturalized in all climes, and cause the Sphinx to dash her head against a stone, even obey the precept of the old philosopher, and Explore thyself.
如果你能学会说所有语言，遵守所有国家的风俗习惯，如果你比所有旅行者走得更远，在所有气候下归化，让狮身人面像用头撞在石头上，甚至遵守老哲学家的戒律，探索你自己。
Herein are demanded the eye and the nerve.
这里需要眼睛和神经。
Only the defeated and deserters go to the wars, cowards that run away and enlist.
只有战败者和逃兵才会去参战，只有逃跑和参军的懦夫。
Start now on that farthest western way, which does not pause at the Mississippi or the Pacific, nor conduct toward a worn-out China or Japan, but leads on direct a tangent to this sphere, summer and winter, day and night, sun down, moon down, and at last earth down too.
现在开始走那条最西边的路，这条路不会在密西西比河或太平洋停留，也不会通向疲惫不堪的中国或日本，而是直接与这个球体相切，夏天和冬天，白天和黑夜，太阳落下，月亮落下，最后地球也落下。
It is said that Mirabeau took to highway robbery “to ascertain what degree of resolution was necessary in order to place one’s self in formal opposition to the most sacred laws of society.” He declared that “a soldier who fights in the ranks does not require half so much courage as a foot-pad,”—“that honor and religion have never stood in the way of a well-considered and a firm resolve.” This was manly, as the world goes; and yet it was idle, if not desperate.
据说，米拉波进行公路抢劫是为了“确定需要采取何种程度的决心才能正式反对社会最神圣的法律”。他宣称，“一名在队伍中作战的士兵所需要的勇气不及脚垫的一半”——“荣誉和宗教从来不会妨碍深思熟虑和坚定的决心。”就世界而言，这是有男子气概的；但它即使不是绝望，也是闲着的。
A saner man would have found himself often enough “in formal opposition” to what are deemed “the most sacred laws of society,” through obedience to yet more sacred laws, and so have tested his resolution without going out of his way.
一个理智的人会发现自己经常通过服从更神圣的法律来“正式反对”被认为是“社会最神圣的法律”，因此在不走偏路的情况下检验了自己的决心。
It is not for a man to put himself in such an attitude to society, but to maintain himself in whatever attitude he find himself through obedience to the laws of his being, which will never be one of opposition to a just government, if he should chance to meet with such.
一个人不应以这样的态度对待社会，而是要通过服从他的存在法则来维持他所发现的任何态度，如果他有机会遇到公正的政府，这永远不会反对公正的政府。
I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there.
我离开树林的理由和我去那里的理由一样充分。
Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one.
也许在我看来，我还有好几辈子要活，无法再为那一辈抽出时间了。
It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route, and make a beaten track for ourselves.
值得注意的是，我们很容易不知不觉地陷入一条特定的道路，并为自己开辟一条人迹罕至的道路。
I had not lived there a week before my feet wore a path from my door to the pond-side; and though it is five or six years since I trod it, it is still quite distinct.
我在那里住了不到一个星期，我的脚就磨出了一条从家门到池塘边的小路。尽管我已经走过五六年了，但它仍然很清晰。
It is true, I fear that others may have fallen into it, and so helped to keep it open.
确实如此，我担心其他人可能也陷入其中，因此帮助保持开放。
The surface of the earth is soft and impressible by the feet of men; and so with the paths which the mind travels.
地球表面是松软的，可以被人的脚踩踏；心灵行走的道路也是如此。
How worn and dusty, then, must be the highways of the world, how deep the ruts of tradition and conformity!
那么，世界上的高速公路一定是多么破旧和布满灰尘，传统和顺从的车辙是多么深啊！
I did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast and on the deck of the world, for there I could best see the moonlight amid the mountains.
我不想走船舱通道，而是走到桅杆前、世界的甲板上，因为在那里我能最好地看到山间的月光。
I do not wish to go below now.
我现在不想往下看。
I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.
至少，我通过实验了解到了这一点。如果一个人满怀信心地朝着自己梦想的方向前进，并努力过上自己想象中的生活，那么他就会在平常的时间里获得意想不到的成功。
He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary; new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him; or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings.
他会把一些东西抛在脑后，会跨越一个看不见的界限；新的、普遍的、更自由的法律将开始在他周围和内部建立起来；或者扩大旧的法律，并以更自由的方式对他有利的解释，他将在更高层次的存在的许可下生活。
In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex, and solitude will not be solitude, nor poverty poverty, nor weakness weakness.
他的生活越简单，宇宙的法则就会显得不那么复杂，孤独就不再是孤独，贫穷也不再是贫穷，软弱也不再是软弱。
If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be.
如果你建造了空中楼阁，你的工作不必丢失；那是他们应该在的地方。
Now put the foundations under them.
现在把地基放在它们下面。
It is a ridiculous demand which England and America make, that you shall speak so that they can understand you.
英国和美国提出的一个可笑的要求是，你的讲话必须让他们能够理解你。
Neither men nor toad-stools grow so.
人和毒菌都不会长得这样。
As if that were important, and there were not enough to understand you without them.
好像这很重要，没有它们就不足以理解你。
As if Nature could support but one order of understandings, could not sustain birds as well as quadrupeds, flying as well as creeping things, and _hush_ and _who_, which Bright can understand, were the best English.
仿佛大自然只能支持一种理解秩序，无法维持鸟类和四足动物、飞行动物和爬行动物，而布莱特能理解的“嘘”和“谁”是最好的英语。
As if there were safety in stupidity alone.
仿佛只有愚蠢才是安全的。
I fear chiefly lest my expression may not be _extra-vagant_ enough, may not wander far enough beyond the narrow limits of my daily experience, so as to be adequate to the truth of which I have been convinced.
我主要担心的是，我的表达可能不够“过度”，可能不会超出我日常经验的狭隘范围，以至于足以表达我所确信的真理。
_Extra vagance!_ it depends on how you are yarded.
_额外的奢侈！_这取决于你的码数。
The migrating buffalo, which seeks new pastures in another latitude, is not extravagant like the cow which kicks over the pail, leaps the cow-yard fence, and runs after her calf, in milking time.
迁徙的水牛在另一个纬度寻找新的牧场，并不像奶牛在挤奶时踢翻水桶、跳过牛场围栏、追赶小牛那样奢侈。
I desire to speak somewhere _without_ bounds; like a man in a waking moment, to men in their waking moments; for I am convinced that I cannot exaggerate enough even to lay the foundation of a true expression.
我渴望在某个地方无限制地讲话；就像一个醒着的人，对醒着的人；因为我确信我的夸张程度不足以为真实表达奠定基础。
Who that has heard a strain of music feared then lest he should speak extravagantly any more forever?
谁听过音乐之后还担心自己永远不会再夸夸其谈呢？
In view of the future or possible, we should live quite laxly and undefined in front, our outlines dim and misty on that side; as our shadows reveal an insensible perspiration toward the sun.
面对未来或可能，前方我们活得很散漫，而那边轮廓朦胧；当我们的影子向太阳显露无意识的汗水时。
The volatile truth of our words should continually betray the inadequacy of the residual statement.
我们话语中反复无常的真相应该不断地暴露出剩余陈述的不足。
Their truth is instantly _translated_; its literal monument alone remains.
他们的真相立即被_翻译_；只剩下它真正的纪念碑。
The words which express our faith and piety are not definite; yet they are significant and fragrant like frankincense to superior natures.
表达我们信仰和虔诚的词语是不确定的；然而，对于高尚的人来说，它们就像乳香一样重要而芬芳。
Why level downward to our dullest perception always, and praise that as common sense?
为什么总是降低到我们最迟钝的感知，并称赞这是常识？
The commonest sense is the sense of men asleep, which they express by snoring.
最常见的感觉就是男人睡着了的感觉，他们通过打呼噜来表达。
Sometimes we are inclined to class those who are once-and-a-half-witted with the half-witted, because we appreciate only a third part of their wit.
有时候，我们倾向于将那些一度才智的人与愚钝的人归为一类，因为我们只欣赏他们智慧的三分之一。
Some would find fault with the morning-red, if they ever got up early enough.
如果起得足够早的话，有些人会对早晨的红色感到不满。
“They pretend,” as I hear, “that the verses of Kabir have four different senses; illusion, spirit, intellect, and the exoteric doctrine of the Vedas;” but in this part of the world it is considered a ground for complaint if a man’s writings admit of more than one interpretation.
据我所知，“他们假装卡比尔的诗句有四种不同的含义：幻象、精神、智力和吠陀经的显性教义；”但在世界的这个地方，如果一个人的著作承认不止一种解释，就会被认为是一种抱怨的理由。
While England endeavors to cure the potato-rot, will not any endeavor to cure the brain-rot, which prevails so much more widely and fatally?
英国在努力治愈马铃薯腐烂病的同时，难道不会努力治愈脑腐病吗？这种病的流行范围更广、更致命？
I do not suppose that I have attained to obscurity, but I should be proud if no more fatal fault were found with my pages on this score than was found with the Walden ice.
我不认为我已经变得默默无闻，但如果我的书页在这方面没有发现比瓦尔登湖冰更致命的错误，我应该感到自豪。
Southern customers objected to its blue color, which is the evidence of its purity, as if it were muddy, and preferred the Cambridge ice, which is white, but tastes of weeds.
南方顾客反对它的蓝色，因为蓝色是其纯度的证据，就好像它是浑浊的一样，而更喜欢剑桥冰，它是白色的，但有杂草的味道。
The purity men love is like the mists which envelop the earth, and not like the azure ether beyond.
人所爱的纯洁，就像笼罩大地的迷雾，而不是远方的蔚蓝以太。
Some are dinning in our ears that we Americans, and moderns generally, are intellectual dwarfs compared with the ancients, or even the Elizabethan men.
有些人在我们耳边说，与古人甚至伊丽莎白时代的人相比，我们美国人以及一般的现代人在知识上都是侏儒。
But what is that to the purpose?
但这样做的目的是什么呢？
A living dog is better than a dead lion.
活着的狗比死了的狮子更好。
Shall a man go and hang himself because he belongs to the race of pygmies, and not be the biggest pygmy that he can?
难道一个人就应该因为自己属于俾格米人种族而去上吊自杀，而不是尽其所能地成为最大的俾格米人吗？
Let every one mind his own business, and endeavor to be what he was made.
让每个人都专注于自己的事情，并努力成为他所创造的人。
Why should we be in such desperate haste to succeed, and in such desperate enterprises?
为什么我们要如此急于求成，在如此绝望的事业中呢？
If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.
如果一个人跟不上他的同伴，也许是因为他听到了不同的鼓声。
Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.
让他随着他听到的音乐而前进，无论音乐多么有节奏或遥远。
It is not important that he should mature as soon as an apple-tree or an oak.
他是否应该像苹果树或橡树那样成熟并不重要。
Shall he turn his spring into summer?
他要把春天变成夏天吗？
If the condition of things which we were made for is not yet, what were any reality which we can substitute?
如果我们被造的目的还没有达到，那么我们可以替代什么现实呢？
We will not be shipwrecked on a vain reality.
我们不会因虚荣的现实而遭遇海难。
Shall we with pains erect a heaven of blue glass over ourselves, though when it is done we shall be sure to gaze still at the true ethereal heaven far above, as if the former were not?
我们是否应该费尽心思在自己上方建造一个蓝色玻璃的天堂，尽管当它完成后，我们一定会凝视着远在上方的真正空灵的天堂，就好像前者不是一样？
There was an artist in the city of Kouroo who was disposed to strive after perfection.
库鲁市有一位追求完美的艺术家。
One day it came into his mind to make a staff.
有一天，他萌生了制作一根手杖的念头。
Having considered that in an imperfect work time is an ingredient, but into a perfect work time does not enter, he said to himself, It shall be perfect in all respects, though I should do nothing else in my life.
考虑到在不完美的工作中，时间是一个要素，但在完美的工作中，时间却是不存在的，他对自己说，它在各方面都将是完美的，尽管我一生中不应该做任何其他事情。
He proceeded instantly to the forest for wood, being resolved that it should not be made of unsuitable material; and as he searched for and rejected stick after stick, his friends gradually deserted him, for they grew old in their works and died, but he grew not older by a moment.
他立即前往森林寻找木材，并决定不应该用不合适的材料制成木材。当他不断地寻找又拒绝的时候，他的朋友们逐渐抛弃了他，因为他们在工作中老了，死了，但他却没有一刻变老。
His singleness of purpose and resolution, and his elevated piety, endowed him, without his knowledge, with perennial youth.
他的坚定目标和决心，以及他崇高的虔诚，在他不知情的情况下赋予了他常年青春。
As he made no compromise with Time, Time kept out of his way, and only sighed at a distance because he could not overcome him.
由于他不向时间妥协，时间对他避而远之，只是远远地叹了口气，因为他无法战胜他。
Before he had found a stock in all respects suitable the city of Kouroo was a hoary ruin, and he sat on one of its mounds to peel the stick.
在他找到一根各方面都合适的股票之前，库鲁城已经是一片苍白的废墟，他坐在其中一个土堆上剥木棍。
Before he had given it the proper shape the dynasty of the Candahars was at an end, and with the point of the stick he wrote the name of the last of that race in the sand, and then resumed his work.
在他给它定出合适的形状之前，坎大哈王朝就结束了，他用棍子的尖端在沙子上写下了那个种族的最后一个名字，然后继续他的工作。
By the time he had smoothed and polished the staff Kalpa was no longer the pole-star; and ere he had put on the ferrule and the head adorned with precious stones, Brahma had awoke and slumbered many times.
当他将手杖打磨光滑后，卡尔帕已经不再是北极星了；他已经不再是北极星了。在戴上套圈和镶满宝石的头之前，梵天已经醒了又睡了很多次。
But why do I stay to mention these things?
但我为什么要留下来提这些事情呢？
When the finishing stroke was put to his work, it suddenly expanded before the eyes of the astonished artist into the fairest of all the creations of Brahma.
当他的作品完成时，它突然在这位惊讶的艺术家眼前扩展为梵天所有创作中最美丽的作品。
He had made a new system in making a staff, a world with full and fair proportions; in which, though the old cities and dynasties had passed away, fairer and more glorious ones had taken their places.
他制定了一套新的制杖体系，一个比例完整、公平的世界；尽管古老的城市和王朝已经消逝，但更美丽、更辉煌的城市和王朝已经取而代之。
And now he saw by the heap of shavings still fresh at his feet, that, for him and his work, the former lapse of time had been an illusion, and that no more time had elapsed than is required for a single scintillation from the brain of Brahma to fall on and inflame the tinder of a mortal brain.
现在，他从脚边那堆新鲜的刨花中看到，对于他和他的工作来说，之前的时间流逝只是一种幻觉，过去的时间并不比梵天大脑的一次闪烁落在凡人大脑的火种上并点燃火种所需的时间多。
The material was pure, and his art was pure; how could the result be other than wonderful?
材料是纯粹的，他的艺术也是纯粹的；结果怎么可能不美妙呢？
No face which we can give to a matter will stead us so well at last as the truth.
我们对某件事所能给予的任何表面都比真相更能最终让我们安定下来。
This alone wears well.
仅此一点就很好穿。
For the most part, we are not where we are, but in a false position.
在大多数情况下，我们并不在我们所处的位置，而是处于一个错误的位置。
Through an infirmity of our natures, we suppose a case, and put ourselves into it, and hence are in two cases at the same time, and it is doubly difficult to get out.
由于我们本性的弱点，我们假设了一个情况，并将自己置于其中，因此同时处于两种情况中，并且要摆脱它更加困难。
In sane moments we regard only the facts, the case that is.
在理智的时刻，我们只考虑事实，即情况。
Say what you have to say, not what you ought.
说你必须说的话，而不是你应该说的话。
Any truth is better than make-believe.
任何真理都比虚构的要好。
Tom Hyde, the tinker, standing on the gallows, was asked if he had anything to say.
修补匠汤姆·海德站在绞刑架上，有人问他是否有什么话要说。
“Tell the tailors,” said he, “to remember to make a knot in their thread before they take the first stitch.” His companion’s prayer is forgotten.
“告诉裁缝们，”他说，“在缝第一针之前，记得在线上打个结。”他同伴的祈祷被遗忘了。
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names.
无论你的生活多么卑微，都要面对它并活下去；不要回避它并给它起难听的名字。
It is not so bad as you are.
情况没有你那么糟糕。
It looks poorest when you are richest.
当你最富有的时候，它看起来却是最贫穷的。
The fault-finder will find faults even in paradise.
即使在天堂，吹毛求疵的人也会挑出毛病。
Love your life, poor as it is.
热爱你的生活，尽管它很贫穷。
You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house.
即使是在贫民窟里，你也可能会度过一些愉快、激动人心、光荣的时光。
The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man’s abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.
夕阳从救济院的窗户反射出来，就像从富人的住所反射出来的一样明亮。早在春天，门前的雪就融化了。
I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, as in a palace.
我看不出，一个安静的心灵可以像在宫殿里一样满足地生活，并拥有令人愉快的思想。
The town’s poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.
在我看来，镇上的穷人往往过着最独立的生活。
May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.
也许他们只是足够伟大，可以毫无疑虑地接受。
Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it oftener happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable.
大多数人认为他们不受镇政府的支持；但更常见的情况是，他们不惜以不诚实的方式养活自己，这应该是更不名誉的。
Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage.
像花园里的香草、圣人一样培育贫穷。
Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends.
不要费力去买新东西，无论是衣服还是朋友。
Turn the old; return to them.
转旧；回到他们身边。
Things do not change; we change.
事情不会改变；我们改变。
Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.
卖掉你的衣服，保留你的想法。
God will see that you do not want society.
上帝会看到你不想要社会。
If I were confined to a corner of a garret all my days, like a spider, the world would be just as large to me while I had my thoughts about me.
如果我像一只蜘蛛一样整天被限制在阁楼的角落里，当我有自己的想法时，世界对我来说也一样大。
The philosopher said: “From an army of three divisions one can take away its general, and put it in disorder; from the man the most abject and vulgar one cannot take away his thought.” Do not seek so anxiously to be developed, to subject yourself to many influences to be played on; it is all dissipation.
哲人说：“三师之军，可以夺其将军，使之混乱；人之卑微，也不能夺其思想。”不要急于寻求发展，让自己受到许多影响；这都是消散。
Humility like darkness reveals the heavenly lights.
谦卑如黑暗，显出天上的光。
The shadows of poverty and meanness gather around us, “and lo!
贫穷和卑鄙的阴影笼罩着我们，“瞧！
creation widens to our view.” We are often reminded that if there were bestowed on us the wealth of Crœsus, our aims must still be the same, and our means essentially the same.
创造拓宽了我们的视野。”我们经常被提醒，即使克洛苏斯的财富赐给我们，我们的目标也一定是一样的，我们的手段也一定是一样的。
Moreover, if you are restricted in your range by poverty, if you cannot buy books and newspapers, for instance, you are but confined to the most significant and vital experiences; you are compelled to deal with the material which yields the most sugar and the most starch.
此外，如果你因贫穷而限制了你的活动范围，例如，如果你买不到书和报纸，那么你就只能局限于最重要和最重要的经历；您被迫处理产生最多糖和最多淀粉的材料。
It is life near the bone where it is sweetest.
接近骨头的生活才是最甜蜜的。
You are defended from being a trifler.
你不会成为一个小人物。
No man loses ever on a lower level by magnanimity on a higher.
没有人会因高处的宽宏大量而在低处失败。
Superfluous wealth can buy superfluities only.
多余的财富只能买到多余的东西。
Money is not required to buy one necessary of the soul.
购买灵魂必需品并不需要金钱。
I live in the angle of a leaden wall, into whose composition was poured a little alloy of bell metal.
我住在一堵铅墙的角落里，墙里浇注了一点钟形金属合金。
Often, in the repose of my mid-day, there reaches my ears a confused _tintinnabulum_ from without.
常常，在我中午休息的时候，外面传来一种混乱的“tintinnabulum”的声音。
It is the noise of my contemporaries.
这是我同时代人的噪音。
My neighbors tell me of their adventures with famous gentlemen and ladies, what notabilities they met at the dinner-table; but I am no more interested in such things than in the contents of the Daily Times.
我的邻居向我讲述了他们与著名绅士和女士的冒险经历，他们在餐桌上遇到了哪些名人；但我对这些事情的兴趣并不比对《每日时报》的内容更感兴趣。
The interest and the conversation are about costume and manners chiefly; but a goose is a goose still, dress it as you will.
兴趣和谈话主要是关于服装和礼仪；但鹅终究是鹅，你想穿什么就穿什么。
They tell me of California and Texas, of England and the Indies, of the Hon.
他们告诉我加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州、英格兰和印度群岛、阁下。
Mr. —— of Georgia or of Massachusetts, all transient and fleeting phenomena, till I am ready to leap from their court-yard like the Mameluke bey.
佐治亚州或马萨诸塞州的先生，所有这些转瞬即逝的现象，直到我准备好像马穆鲁克贝伊一样从他们的庭院里跳出来。
I delight to come to my bearings,—not walk in procession with pomp and parade, in a conspicuous place, but to walk even with the Builder of the universe, if I may,—not to live in this restless, nervous, bustling, trivial Nineteenth Century, but stand or sit thoughtfully while it goes by.
我很高兴找到自己的方位——不是在显眼的地方列队游行，而是与宇宙的建造者一起行走，如果可以的话——不是生活在这个不安、紧张、喧嚣、琐碎的十九世纪，而是在它经过的时候站着或坐着若有所思。
What are men celebrating?
男人们在庆祝什么？
They are all on a committee of arrangements, and hourly expect a speech from somebody.
他们都是一个安排委员会的成员，每小时都期待着某人的演讲。
God is only the president of the day, and Webster is his orator.
上帝只是当今的总统，而韦伯斯特只是他的演说家。
I love to weigh, to settle, to gravitate toward that which most strongly and rightfully attracts me;—not hang by the beam of the scale and try to weigh less,—not suppose a case, but take the case that is; to travel the only path I can, and that on which no power can resist me.
我喜欢衡量、安顿下来，倾向于最强烈、最合理地吸引我的事物；——不是挂在天平的横梁上，试图减轻体重——不是假设一个案例，而是接受实际情况；走我唯一能走的路，没有任何力量可以阻挡我。
It affords me no satisfaction to commence to spring an arch before I have got a solid foundation.
在没有打下坚实的基础之前就开始搭建拱门并不能让我满意。
Let us not play at kittly-benders.
我们不要玩小猫聚会了。
There is a solid bottom every where.
到处都有坚实的底部。
We read that the traveller asked the boy if the swamp before him had a hard bottom.
我们读到，旅行者问男孩，他面前的沼泽底部是否坚硬。
The boy replied that it had.
男孩回答说是的。
But presently the traveller’s horse sank in up to the girths, and he observed to the boy, “I thought you said that this bog had a hard bottom.” “So it has,” answered the latter, “but you have not got half way to it yet.” So it is with the bogs and quicksands of society; but he is an old boy that knows it.
但不久，旅行者的马陷入了腰部，他对男孩说：“我以为你说过这个沼泽的底部很硬。” “确实如此，”后者回答道，“但你还没有完成一半。”社会的沼泽和流沙也是如此。但他是一个知道这一点的老男孩。
Only what is thought, said, or done at a certain rare coincidence is good.
只有在某种罕见的巧合中所想、所说或所做的才是好的。
I would not be one of those who will foolishly drive a nail into mere lath and plastering; such a deed would keep me awake nights.
我不会成为那些愚蠢地将钉子钉入板条和灰泥的人之一；这样的行为会让我彻夜难眠。
Give me a hammer, and let me feel for the furring.
给我一把锤子，让我摸摸毛皮。
Do not depend on the putty.
不要依赖腻子。
Drive a nail home and clinch it so faithfully that you can wake up in the night and think of your work with satisfaction,—a work at which you would not be ashamed to invoke the Muse.
把一颗钉子钉在家里，并如此忠实地钉牢，这样你就可以在夜里醒来，满意地想起你的工作——在这项工作中，你不会羞于召唤缪斯。
So will help you God, and so only.
上帝也会如此帮助你，仅此而已。
Every nail driven should be as another rivet in the machine of the universe, you carrying on the work.
每一颗钉子都应该像宇宙机器中的另一个铆钉一样，由你来承担这项工作。
Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth.
给我真理，而不是爱情、金钱、名誉。
I sat at a table where were rich food and wine in abundance, and obsequious attendance, but sincerity and truth were not; and I went away hungry from the inhospitable board.
我坐在一桌，酒菜丰盛，众人谄媚，但没有诚意和真实；我饿着肚子离开了不友善的董事会。
The hospitality was as cold as the ices.
热情好客就像冰一样冷。
I thought that there was no need of ice to freeze them.
我认为不需要冰来冷冻它们。
They talked to me of the age of the wine and the fame of the vintage; but I thought of an older, a newer, and purer wine, of a more glorious vintage, which they had not got, and could not buy.
他们向我讲述了该酒的年份和该年份的名气；但我想到了一种更老、更新、更纯净的葡萄酒，一种更辉煌的年份的葡萄酒，但他们没有，也买不到。
The style, the house and grounds and “entertainment” pass for nothing with me.
风格、房子、场地和“娱乐”对我来说毫无意义。
I called on the king, but he made me wait in his hall, and conducted like a man incapacitated for hospitality.
我拜访了国王，但他让我在他的大厅里等候，表现得就像一个没有能力招待客人的人。
There was a man in my neighborhood who lived in a hollow tree.
我家附近有一个人住在一棵空心树里。
His manners were truly regal.
他的举止真是富丽堂皇。
I should have done better had I called on him.
如果我打电话给他，我应该做得更好。
How long shall we sit in our porticoes practising idle and musty virtues, which any work would make impertinent?
我们还要坐在门廊里实践那些任何工作都会变得无礼的闲散和发霉的美德多久？
As if one were to begin the day with long-suffering, and hire a man to hoe his potatoes; and in the afternoon go forth to practise Christian meekness and charity with goodness aforethought!
就好像一个人要以长期的忍耐开始新的一天，并雇一个人锄土豆一样；下午出去实践基督徒的温柔和仁慈，带着预先的善良！
Consider the China pride and stagnant self-complacency of mankind.
想想中国的骄傲和人类停滞不前的自满吧。
This generation inclines a little to congratulate itself on being the last of an illustrious line; and in Boston and London and Paris and Rome, thinking of its long descent, it speaks of its progress in art and science and literature with satisfaction.
这一代人有点倾向于庆幸自己是一个杰出家族的最后一个。在波士顿、伦敦、巴黎和罗马，想到它悠久的血统，它满意地谈到它在艺术、科学和文学方面的进步。
There are the Records of the Philosophical Societies, and the public Eulogies of _Great Men!_ It is the good Adam contemplating his own virtue.
有哲学会的记录，还有伟人的公开颂词！这是善良的亚当在思考自己的美德。
“Yes, we have done great deeds, and sung divine songs, which shall never die,”—that is, as long as _we_ can remember them.
“是的，我们做过伟大的事迹，唱过永不消亡的神圣歌曲”——也就是说，只要我们还记得它们。
The learned societies and great men of Assyria,—where are they?
亚述的学术团体和伟人——他们在哪里？
What youthful philosophers and experimentalists we are!
我们是多么年轻的哲学家和实验主义者啊！
There is not one of my readers who has yet lived a whole human life.
我的读者中没有一个人已经过完整的人生。
These may be but the spring months in the life of the race.
这可能只是种族生命中的春季月份。
If we have had the seven-years’ itch, we have not seen the seventeen-year locust yet in Concord.
如果说我们有过七年之痒，那么我们在康科德还没有看到十七年的蝗虫。
We are acquainted with a mere pellicle of the globe on which we live.
我们所熟悉的只是我们所生活的地球的一层薄膜。
Most have not delved six feet beneath the surface, nor leaped as many above it.
大多数人都没有在地表以下六英尺的地方钻探过，也没有跳到地表以上六英尺的地方。
We know not where we are.
我们不知道自己在哪里。
Beside, we are sound asleep nearly half our time.
此外，我们近一半的时间都在熟睡。
Yet we esteem ourselves wise, and have an established order on the surface.
然而我们自认为是明智的，并且表面上有既定的秩序。
Truly, we are deep thinkers, we are ambitious spirits!
确实，我们是深刻的思想家，我们是雄心勃勃的精神！
As I stand over the insect crawling amid the pine needles on the forest floor, and endeavoring to conceal itself from my sight, and ask myself why it will cherish those humble thoughts, and hide its head from me who might, perhaps, be its benefactor, and impart to its race some cheering information, I am reminded of the greater Benefactor and Intelligence that stands over me the human insect.
当我站在在森林地面的松针间爬行的昆虫旁边，努力将自己隐藏在我的视线之外，问自己为什么它会珍惜那些卑微的想法，并向我隐藏它的头，也许，我可能是它的恩人，并向它的种族传递一些令人振奋的信息时，我想起了站在我身上的人类昆虫的更伟大的恩人和智慧。
There is an incessant influx of novelty into the world, and yet we tolerate incredible dulness.
世界上不断有新鲜事物涌入，但我们却容忍令人难以置信的沉闷。
I need only suggest what kind of sermons are still listened to in the most enlightened countries.
我只需要建议在最开明的国家里人们仍在听什么样的布道。
There are such words as joy and sorrow, but they are only the burden of a psalm, sung with a nasal twang, while we believe in the ordinary and mean.
有诸如欢乐和悲伤之类的词，但它们只是一首诗篇的负担，用鼻音唱出来，而我们却相信平凡和卑鄙。
We think that we can change our clothes only.
我们认为我们只能换衣服。
It is said that the British Empire is very large and respectable, and that the United States are a first-rate power.
都说大英帝国很大很令人尊敬，美国是一流强国。
We do not believe that a tide rises and falls behind every man which can float the British Empire like a chip, if he should ever harbor it in his mind.
我们不相信，每个人都能像芯片一样漂浮着大英帝国，只要他心里怀有这样的想法，潮起潮落。
Who knows what sort of seventeen-year locust will next come out of the ground?
谁知道接下来会从地里钻出什么样的十七年蝗虫呢？
The government of the world I live in was not framed, like that of Britain, in after-dinner conversations over the wine.
我所生活的世界的政府不像英国那样，是在餐后酒后的谈话中被陷害的。
The life in us is like the water in the river.
我们的生命就像河里的水。
It may rise this year higher than man has ever known it, and flood the parched uplands; even this may be the eventful year, which will drown out all our muskrats.
今年水位上升的高度可能会超过人类已知的高度，并淹没干旱的高地。即使今年也可能是多事的一年，我们所有的麝香鼠都会被淹没。
It was not always dry land where we dwell.
我们居住的地方并不总是干燥的土地。
I see far inland the banks which the stream anciently washed, before science began to record its freshets.
我远远地看到内陆的河岸，在科学开始记录它的淡水之前，河岸就曾被河流冲刷过。
Every one has heard the story which has gone the rounds of New England, of a strong and beautiful bug which came out of the dry leaf of an old table of apple-tree wood, which had stood in a farmer’s kitchen for sixty years, first in Connecticut, and afterward in Massachusetts,—from an egg deposited in the living tree many years earlier still, as appeared by counting the annual layers beyond it; which was heard gnawing out for several weeks, hatched perchance by the heat of an urn.
每个人都听说过这个在新英格兰流传的故事，说的是一种强壮而美丽的虫子，它从一张老苹果树木桌子的干叶子里出来，这张木桌子在农民的厨房里放了六十年，先是在康涅狄格州，后来在马萨诸塞州。人们听到它啃咬了几个星期，可能是因为瓮的热量而孵化的。
Who does not feel his faith in a resurrection and immortality strengthened by hearing of this?
听到这个消息，谁不觉得自己对复活和不朽的信心更加坚定呢？
Who knows what beautiful and winged life, whose egg has been buried for ages under many concentric layers of woodenness in the dead dry life of society, deposited at first in the alburnum of the green and living tree, which has been gradually converted into the semblance of its well-seasoned tomb,—heard perchance gnawing out now for years by the astonished family of man, as they sat round the festive board,—may unexpectedly come forth from amidst society’s most trivial and handselled furniture, to enjoy its perfect summer life at last!
谁知道美丽而有翅膀的生命会出乎意料地从社会最琐碎和最琐碎的生活中诞生，它的卵在社会死气沉沉的生活中被埋藏在许多同心圆的木头层下，最初沉积在绿色和生机勃勃的树的墓室中，这棵树已逐渐转变为它久经考验的坟墓的样子，也许多年来，人们听到他们坐在节日木板周围时，被惊讶的人类家庭啃咬着，可能会出乎意料地从社会最琐碎和最琐碎的事物中诞生出来。手工家具，终于享受完美的夏日生活！
I do not say that John or Jonathan will realize all this; but such is the character of that morrow which mere lapse of time can never make to dawn.
我并不是说约翰或乔纳森会意识到这一切；我并不是说约翰或乔纳森会意识到这一切。但这就是明天的特点，仅凭时间的流逝永远无法使黎明到来。
The light which puts out our eyes is darkness to us.
遮蔽我们眼睛的光对我们来说就是黑暗。
Only that day dawns to which we are awake.
只有我们醒着的那一天即将到来。
There is more day to dawn.
距离黎明还有一段时间。
The sun is but a morning star.
太阳不过是一颗晨星。
THE END
结局
ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
论公民不服从的义务
I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.
我衷心接受这句座右铭：“管得最少的政府是最好的政府；”我希望看到它能够更迅速、更系统地发挥作用。
Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.
实施后，它最终达到了这一点，我也相信这一点——“根本不统治的政府是最好的；”当人们为此做好准备时，他们将拥有这样的政府。
Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.
政府充其量只是一种权宜之计；但大多数政府通常（有时所有政府）都是不明智的。
The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.
针对常备军提出的反对意见数量众多、影响力大，理应占上风，但最终也可能会针对常备政府。
The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.
常备军只是常备政府的一个机构。
The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it.
政府本身只是人民选择执行其意志的方式，在人民通过它采取行动之前，它同样容易被滥用和歪曲。
Witness the present Mexican war, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for, in the outset, the people would not have consented to this measure.
看看当前的墨西哥战争，就是少数人利用常设政府作为工具的工作；因为从一开始，人民就不会同意这项措施。
This American government,—what is it but a tradition, though a recent one, endeavoring to transmit itself unimpaired to posterity, but each instant losing some of its integrity?
这个美国政府，——它不过是一种传统，虽然是最近的一个，努力将自己完好无损地传给后代，但每时每刻都失去了一些完整性？
It has not the vitality and force of a single living man; for a single man can bend it to his will.
它没有一个活人的生命力和力量；因为一个人就可以按照自己的意愿来改变它。
It is a sort of wooden gun to the people themselves; and, if ever they should use it in earnest as a real one against each other, it will surely split.
对于人民自己来说，它是一把木枪；对于人民来说，它是一把木枪。而且，如果他们认真地利用它来对抗彼此，它肯定会分裂。
But it is not the less necessary for this; for the people must have some complicated machinery or other, and hear its din, to satisfy that idea of government which they have.
但这并非没有必要。因为人民必须有一些复杂的机器或其他机器，并听到它的喧闹声，以满足他们对政府的想法。
Governments show thus how successfully men can be imposed on, even impose on themselves, for their own advantage.
政府由此表明，为了自身利益，可以多么成功地强加于人，甚至强加于他们自己。
It is excellent, we must all allow; yet this government never of itself furthered any enterprise, but by the alacrity with which it got out of its way.
这是极好的，我们都必须允许；然而，这个政府从来没有靠自己推动任何事业，而是通过迅速摆脱阻碍来推动任何事业。
_It_ does not keep the country free.
它并不能让国家保持自由。
_It_ does not settle the West.
它并不能解决西方问题。
_It_ does not educate.
_它_不具有教育意义。
The character inherent in the American people has done all that has been accomplished; and it would have done somewhat more, if the government had not sometimes got in its way.
美国人民固有的性格成就了所有的成就；如果不是政府有时阻挠的话，它会做得更多一些。
For government is an expedient, by which men would fain succeed in letting one another alone; and, as has been said, when it is most expedient, the governed are most let alone by it.
因为政府是一种权宜之计，人们很乐意通过它成功地让彼此独处。而且，正如已经说过的，当它是最有利的时候，被统治者却是最无动于衷的。
Trade and commerce, if they were not made of India rubber, would never manage to bounce over obstacles which legislators are continually putting in their way; and, if one were to judge these men wholly by the effects of their actions, and not partly by their intentions, they would deserve to be classed and punished with those mischievous persons who put obstructions on the railroads.
贸易和商业如果不是由印度橡胶制成，就永远无法克服立法者不断设置的障碍；而且，如果我们完全根据他们的行为的影响而不是部分地根据他们的意图来判断这些人，那么他们就应该与那些阻碍铁路的恶作剧者一起受到分类和惩罚。
But, to speak practically and as a citizen, unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not at once no government, but _at once_ a better government.
但是，实际上，作为一名公民，与那些自称无政府人士的人不同，我要求的不是立即没有政府，而是立即建立一个更好的政府。
Let every man make known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it.
让每个人都知道什么样的政府会赢得他的尊重，这将是实现这一目标的第一步。
After all, the practical reason why, when the power is once in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule, is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest.
毕竟，当权力一旦掌握在人民手中时，多数人被允许并在很长一段时间内继续统治，其实际原因并不是因为他们最有可能是正确的，也不是因为这对少数人来说似乎是最公平的，而是因为他们在身体上是最强大的。
But a government in which the majority rule in all cases can not be based on justice, even as far as men understand it.
但是，一个在所有情况下都由多数人统治的政府不可能以正义为基础，即使按照人们的理解也是如此。
Can there not be a government in which the majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?—in which majorities decide only those questions to which the rule of expediency is applicable?
难道就不能有一个政府，实际上不是由多数人决定对错，而是由良心决定吗？——多数人只决定那些适用权宜之计的问题？
Must the citizen ever for a moment, or in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator?
公民是否必须暂时或至少在某种程度上将自己的良心交给立法者？
Why has every man a conscience, then?
那么，为什么每个人都有良心呢？
I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward.
我认为我们应该首先成为人，然后才是臣民。
It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right.
培养对法律的尊重，就像对权利的尊重一样，都是不可取的。
The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right.
我有权承担的唯一义务就是随时做我认为正确的事情。
It is truly enough said that a corporation has no conscience; but a corporation of conscientious men is a corporation _with_ a conscience.
确实，企业是没有良心的，企业是没有良心的。但一个由有责任心的人组成的公司就是一个有良心的公司。
Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily made the agents of injustice.
法律从来没有使人变得更加公正。由于对正义的尊重，即使是心地善良的人也每天都成为不公正的代理人。
A common and natural result of an undue respect for the law is, that you may see a file of soldiers, colonel, captain, corporal, privates, powder-monkeys and all, marching in admirable order over hill and dale to the wars, against their wills, aye, against their common sense and consciences, which makes it very steep marching indeed, and produces a palpitation of the heart.
过度尊重法律的一个常见而自然的结果是，你可能会看到一队士兵、上校、上尉、下士、二等兵、火药猴等等，以令人钦佩的秩序，翻山越岭，奔向战争，违背他们的意愿，是的，违背他们的常识和良知，这使得行军确实非常陡峭，并产生心悸。
They have no doubt that it is a damnable business in which they are concerned; they are all peaceably inclined.
他们毫不怀疑，他们所关心的是一件该死的事。他们都是和平倾向的。
Now, what are they?
现在，它们是什么？
Men at all?
到底是男人吗？
or small movable forts and magazines, at the service of some unscrupulous man in power?
或者小型的可移动堡垒和弹药库，为某些肆无忌惮的当权者服务？
Visit the Navy Yard, and behold a marine, such a man as an American government can make, or such as it can make a man with its black arts, a mere shadow and reminiscence of humanity, a man laid out alive and standing, and already, as one may say, buried under arms with funeral accompaniment, though it may be
参观海军造船厂，看看一名海军陆战队队员，美国政府可以造就这样一个人，或者说它可以用黑魔法造就一个人，一个纯粹的影子和人性的回忆，一个活着的人，站着，正如有人可能会说的那样，在葬礼伴奏下被埋在手臂下，尽管这可能是
“Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note, As his corpse to the ramparts we hurried; Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot O’er the grave where our hero we buried.”
“没有听到任何鼓声，没有葬礼的声音，当他的尸体被我们匆匆赶到城墙时；没有一个士兵在我们埋葬我们英雄的坟墓上发射告别枪。”
The mass of men serve the State thus, not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies.
因此，广大人民主要不是作为人，而是作为机器，用自己的身体为国家服务。
They are the standing army, and the militia, jailers, constables, _posse comitatus_, &c.
他们是常备军、民兵、狱卒、警察、武装部队等等。
In most cases there is no free exercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense; but they put themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones; and wooden men can perhaps be manufactured that will serve the purpose as well.
在大多数情况下，判断力或道德感都无法自由运用。但他们把自己与木头、泥土和石头放在同一水平上。也许可以制造出能达到这个目的的木人。
Such command no more respect than men of straw, or a lump of dirt.
这样的人并不比稻草人或泥土更受尊重。
They have the same sort of worth only as horses and dogs.
它们具有与马和狗相同的价值。
Yet such as these even are commonly esteemed good citizens.
然而，这些人甚至是普遍受人尊敬的好公民。
Others, as most legislators, politicians, lawyers, ministers, and office-holders, serve the state chiefly with their heads; and, as they rarely make any moral distinctions, they are as likely to serve the devil, without _intending_ it, as God.
其他人，就像大多数立法者、政治家、律师、部长和公职人员一样，主要用他们的头脑为国家服务。而且，由于他们很少做出任何道德区分，他们很可能无意中为魔鬼服务，就像为上帝服务一样。
A very few, as heroes, patriots, martyrs, reformers in the great sense, and _men_, serve the State with their consciences also, and so necessarily resist it for the most part; and they are commonly treated by it as enemies.
极少数人，作为英雄、爱国者、烈士、伟大意义上的改革者和人类，也用他们的良心为国家服务，因此必然在大多数情况下抵制它；他们通常被视为敌人。
A wise man will only be useful as a man, and will not submit to be “clay,” and “stop a hole to keep the wind away,” but leave that office to his dust at least:
聪明人只会做人有用，不会甘于做“泥土”，不会“堵洞以避风”，但至少要把办公室留给尘埃：
“I am too high-born to be propertied, To be a secondary at control, Or useful serving-man and instrument To any sovereign state throughout the world.”
“我出身太高贵，不能成为有产者，不能成为世界上任何主权国家的次要控制者，或有用的仆人和工具。”
He who gives himself entirely to his fellow-men appears to them useless and selfish; but he who gives himself partially to them is pronounced a benefactor and philanthropist.
那些把自己完全奉献给同胞的人，在他们看来是无用和自私的。但将自己部分奉献给他们的人则被称为恩人和慈善家。
How does it become a man to behave toward the American government today?
今天，一个人如何对待美国政府？
I answer that he cannot without disgrace be associated with it.
我的回答是，他与此扯上关系是不丢脸的。
I cannot for an instant recognize that political organization as _my_ government which is the _slave’s_ government also.
我一时无法认出那个政治组织是我的政府，也是奴隶的政府。
All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to and to resist the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable.
所有人都承认革命的权利；也就是说，当政府的暴政或效率低下且令人难以忍受时，拒绝效忠和抵抗政府的权利。
But almost all say that such is not the case now.
但几乎所有人都说现在情况并非如此。
But such was the case, they think, in the Revolution of ’75.
但他们认为，75 年革命的情况就是如此。
If one were to tell me that this was a bad government because it taxed certain foreign commodities brought to its ports, it is most probable that I should not make an ado about it, for I can do without them: all machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counter-balance the evil.
如果有人告诉我，这是一个糟糕的政府，因为它对运到其港口的某些外国商品征税，那么我很可能不应该对此大惊小怪，因为我可以没有它们：所有机器都有摩擦力；所有的机器都有摩擦力。也许这足以抵消邪恶。
At any rate, it is a great evil to make a stir about it.
无论如何，炒作此事，都是大恶。
But when the friction comes to have its machine, and oppression and robbery are organized, I say, let us not have such a machine any longer.
但当摩擦有了它的机器，压迫和抢劫有了组织时，我说，让我们不再有这样的机器了。
In other words, when a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize.
换句话说，当一个承诺成为自由避难所的国家的六分之一人口是奴隶，整个国家被外国军队不公正地蹂躏和征服，并受到军事法的管辖时，我认为诚实的人反抗和革命还为时不早。
What makes this duty the more urgent is that fact, that the country so overrun is not our own, but ours is the invading army.
使这一义务变得更加紧迫的事实是，被如此蹂躏的国家不是我们自己的国家，而是我们的侵略军。
Paley, a common authority with many on moral questions, in his chapter on the “Duty of Submission to Civil Government,” resolves all civil obligation into expediency; and he proceeds to say, “that so long as the interest of the whole society requires it, that is, so long as the established government cannot be resisted or changed without public inconveniency, it is the will of God that the established government be obeyed, and no longer.”—“This principle being admitted, the justice of every particular case of resistance is reduced to a computation of the quantity of the danger and grievance on the one side, and of the probability and expense of redressing it on the other.” Of this, he says, every man shall judge for himself.
佩利是道德问题上许多人的共同权威，在他的“服从公民政府的义务”一章中，将所有民事义务都化解为权宜之计；他接着说，“只要整个社会的利益需要，也就是说，只要现有的政府不能被抵制或改变而不会造成公众的不便，那么现有的政府就会被服从，而且不再被服从，这就是上帝的意愿。”——“承认这一原则，每一个特定的抵抗案例的正义性就被简化为一方面计算危险和不满的数量，另一方面计算纠正它的可能性和费用。”他说，对此，每个人都应自行判断。
But Paley appears never to have contemplated those cases to which the rule of expediency does not apply, in which a people, as well as an individual, must do justice, cost what it may.
但佩利似乎从未考虑过那些不适用权宜之计规则的情况，在这些情况下，人民和个人必须不惜一切代价伸张正义。
If I have unjustly wrested a plank from a drowning man, I must restore it to him though I drown myself.
如果我不公正地从一个溺水者手中夺取了一块木板，尽管我自己淹死了，我也必须把它还给他。
This, according to Paley, would be inconvenient.
佩利认为，这会很不方便。
But he that would save his life, in such a case, shall lose it.
但在这种情况下，本来想救自己性命的人就会失去生命。
This people must cease to hold slaves, and to make war on Mexico, though it cost them their existence as a people.
这个民族必须停止蓄奴，并停止对墨西哥发动战争，尽管这使他们失去了作为一个民族的生存权。
In their practice, nations agree with Paley; but does anyone think that Massachusetts does exactly what is right at the present crisis?
在实践中，各国都同意佩利的观点。但有人认为马萨诸塞州在当前危机中所做的事情正是正确的吗？
“A drab of state, a cloth-o’-silver slut, To have her train borne up, and her soul trail in the dirt.”
“一身的国家，一个银装素裹的荡妇，让她的裙裾被支撑起来，而她的灵魂在泥土中留下痕迹。”
Practically speaking, the opponents to a reform in Massachusetts are not a hundred thousand politicians at the South, but a hundred thousand merchants and farmers here, who are more interested in commerce and agriculture than they are in humanity, and are not prepared to do justice to the slave and to Mexico, _cost what it may_.
实际上，马萨诸塞州改革的反对者不是南方的十万政客，而是这里的十万商人和农民，他们对商业和农业比对人性更感兴趣，并且不准备为奴隶和墨西哥伸张正义，无论付出什么代价。
I quarrel not with far-off foes, but with those who, near at home, co-operate with, and do the bidding of those far away, and without whom the latter would be harmless.
我不是与远方的敌人争吵，而是与那些在家乡附近、与远方的人合作并听从他们的命令的人争吵，没有他们，远方的人就不会造成伤害。
We are accustomed to say, that the mass of men are unprepared; but improvement is slow, because the few are not materially wiser or better than the many.
我们常说，大众毫无准备；但进步是缓慢的，因为少数人在物质上并不比多数人更聪明或更优秀。
It is not so important that many should be as good as you, as that there be some absolute goodness somewhere; for that will leaven the whole lump.
许多人应该和你一样优秀并不那么重要，重要的是某个地方有一些绝对的善良；因为这会使整个肿块发酵。
There are thousands who are _in opinion_ opposed to slavery and to the war, who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them; who, esteeming themselves children of Washington and Franklin, sit down with their hands in their pockets, and say that they know not what to do, and do nothing; who even postpone the question of freedom to the question of free-trade, and quietly read the prices-current along with the latest advices from Mexico, after dinner, and, it may be, fall asleep over them both.
有成千上万的人在意见上反对奴隶制和战争，但实际上却没有采取任何行动来结束它们；他们自认为是华盛顿和富兰克林的孩子，却双手插在口袋里坐下来，说他们不知道该做什么，却什么也不做；他们甚至把自由问题推迟到自由贸易问题上，晚饭后静静地阅读当前价格以及来自墨西哥的最新建议，并且可能在这两件事上睡着了。
What is the price-current of an honest man and patriot today?
今天，一个诚实的人和爱国者的价格是多少？
They hesitate, and they regret, and sometimes they petition; but they do nothing in earnest and with effect.
他们犹豫，他们后悔，有时他们祈求；但他们没有采取任何认真有效的行动。
They will wait, well disposed, for others to remedy the evil, that they may no longer have it to regret.
他们会怀着好意等待别人来纠正罪恶，这样他们就不会再后悔了。
At most, they give only a cheap vote, and a feeble countenance and Godspeed, to the right, as it goes by them.
至多，他们只给右派一张廉价的选票，以及一张虚弱的脸，祝愿右翼顺利通过。
There are nine hundred and ninety-nine patrons of virtue to one virtuous man; but it is easier to deal with the real possessor of a thing than with the temporary guardian of it.
一位有德行的人，有九百九十九个德行守护者；但与事物的真正拥有者打交道比与该事物的临时监护人打交道要容易。
All voting is a sort of gaming, like chequers or backgammon, with a slight moral tinge to it, a playing with right and wrong, with moral questions; and betting naturally accompanies it.
所有投票都是一种游戏，就像西洋跳棋或西洋双陆棋一样，带有一点道德色彩，是一种对与错的游戏，带有道德问题；赌博自然也随之而来。
The character of the voters is not staked.
选民的性格并没有受到影响。
I cast my vote, perchance, as I think right; but I am not vitally concerned that that right should prevail.
也许我投了我认为正确的一票；但我并不十分担心这项权利是否会占上风。
I am willing to leave it to the majority.
我愿意把它留给大多数人。
Its obligation, therefore, never exceeds that of expediency.
因此，它的义务永远不会超过权宜之计。
Even voting _for the right_ is _doing_ nothing for it.
即使投票给右派也无济于事。
It is only expressing to men feebly your desire that it should prevail.
它只是向人们微弱地表达了你希望它获胜的愿望。
A wise man will not leave the right to the mercy of chance, nor wish it to prevail through the power of the majority.
智者不会让权利任凭偶然摆布，也不希望它通过多数人的力量获胜。
There is but little virtue in the action of masses of men.
大众的行为几乎没有什么美德。
When the majority shall at length vote for the abolition of slavery, it will be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because there is but little slavery left to be abolished by their vote.
当大多数人最终投票支持废除奴隶制时，这将是因为他们对奴隶制漠不关心，或者是因为他们投票废除的奴隶制所剩无几。
_They_ will then be the only slaves.
_他们_将成为唯一的奴隶。
Only _his_ vote can hasten the abolition of slavery who asserts his own freedom by his vote.
只有这一票才能加速奴隶制的废除，通过他的投票来维护自己的自由。
I hear of a convention to be held at Baltimore, or elsewhere, for the selection of a candidate for the Presidency, made up chiefly of editors, and men who are politicians by profession; but I think, what is it to any independent, intelligent, and respectable man what decision they may come to, shall we not have the advantage of his wisdom and honesty, nevertheless?
我听说巴尔的摩或其他地方将举行一次选举总统候选人的大会，会议主要由编辑和职业政治家组成；但我想，对于任何一个独立、聪明、受人尊敬的人来说，他们可能做出什么样的决定，我们难道不应该利用他的智慧和诚实吗？
Can we not count upon some independent votes?
难道我们不能指望一些独立选票吗？
Are there not many individuals in the country who do not attend conventions?
国内不参加会议的人不是很多吗？
But no: I find that the respectable man, so called, has immediately drifted from his position, and despairs of his country, when his country has more reasons to despair of him.
但事实并非如此：我发现，当他的国家有更多理由对他绝望时，这位所谓的受人尊敬的人立即就偏离了自己的立场，并对他的国家感到绝望。
He forthwith adopts one of the candidates thus selected as the only _available_ one, thus proving that he is himself _available_ for any purposes of the demagogue.
他立即采纳了其中一位候选人作为唯一可用的候选人，从而证明他本人可以用于煽动者的任何目的。
His vote is of no more worth than that of any unprincipled foreigner or hireling native, who may have been bought.
他的选票并不比任何可能被收买的无原则的外国人或雇佣本地人的选票更有价值。
Oh for a man who is a _man_, and, as my neighbor says, has a bone in his back which you cannot pass your hand through!
哦，对于一个男人来说，他是一个男人，而且正如我的邻居所说，他的背上有一块骨头，你的手无法穿过！
Our statistics are at fault: the population has been returned too large.
我们的统计有误：返回的人口太多了。
How many _men_ are there to a square thousand miles in the country?
这个国家一平方千英里有多少人？
Hardly one.
几乎没有一个。
Does not America offer any inducement for men to settle here?
难道美国没有提供任何吸引男人来这里定居的诱因吗？
The American has dwindled into an Odd Fellow,—one who may be known by the development of his organ of gregariousness, and a manifest lack of intellect and cheerful self-reliance; whose first and chief concern, on coming into the world, is to see that the alms-houses are in good repair; and, before yet he has lawfully donned the virile garb, to collect a fund for the support of the widows and orphans that may be; who, in short, ventures to live only by the aid of the Mutual Insurance company, which has promised to bury him decently.
美国人已经沦为一个奇怪的家伙——一个可以通过其社交器官的发展而被认识的人，以及明显缺乏智力和快乐的自力更生的人；他们来到这个世界时首先关心的就是检查救济院是否保养良好；在此之前，他已经合法地穿上男子气概的服装，为可能出现的寡妇和孤儿筹集资金；简而言之，他只能依靠互助保险公司的帮助才能生活，该公司承诺会体面地埋葬他。
It is not a man’s duty, as a matter of course, to devote himself to the eradication of any, even the most enormous wrong; he may still properly have other concerns to engage him; but it is his duty, at least, to wash his hands of it, and, if he gives it no thought longer, not to give it practically his support.
当然，一个人没有义务致力于消除任何错误，即使是最严重的错误；他可能仍然有其他需要考虑的事情；但至少，他有责任不去想它，而且，如果他不再考虑它，就不再给予它实际的支持。
If I devote myself to other pursuits and contemplations, I must first see, at least, that I do not pursue them sitting upon another man’s shoulders.
如果我致力于其他的追求和思考，我至少必须首先看到，我不会坐在别人的肩膀上追求它们。
I must get off him first, that he may pursue his contemplations too.
我必须先从他身上下来，这样他也可以继续他的沉思。
See what gross inconsistency is tolerated.
看看可以容忍什么严重的不一致。
I have heard some of my townsmen say, “I should like to have them order me out to help put down an insurrection of the slaves, or to march to Mexico,—see if I would go;” and yet these very men have each, directly by their allegiance, and so indirectly, at least, by their money, furnished a substitute.
我听到我的一些镇民说：“我想让他们命令我出去帮助镇压奴隶的叛乱，或者进军墨西哥，看看我是否愿意去；”然而，正是这些人，直接通过他们的效忠，间接地，至少通过他们的金钱，提供了一个替代品。
The soldier is applauded who refuses to serve in an unjust war by those who do not refuse to sustain the unjust government which makes the war; is applauded by those whose own act and authority he disregards and sets at naught; as if the State were penitent to that degree that it hired one to scourge it while it sinned, but not to that degree that it left off sinning for a moment.
拒绝在非正义战争中服役的士兵受到那些不拒绝维持发动战争的非正义政府的人的赞扬；受到那些他无视和蔑视自己行为和权威的人的赞扬；就好像国家的悔罪程度到了它在犯罪时雇佣一个人来鞭打它的程度，但还没有达到它暂时停止犯罪的程度。
Thus, under the name of Order and Civil Government, we are all made at last to pay homage to and support our own meanness.
因此，在秩序和公民政府的名义下，我们最终都被迫向自己的卑鄙致敬并支持自己。
After the first blush of sin, comes its indifference; and from immoral it becomes, as it were, _un_moral, and not quite unnecessary to that life which we have made.
第一次犯罪之后，随之而来的是冷漠；可以说，它从不道德变成了不道德，而且对于我们所创造的生活来说并不是完全不必要的。
The broadest and most prevalent error requires the most disinterested virtue to sustain it.
最广泛和最普遍的错误需要最无私的美德来维持它。
The slight reproach to which the virtue of patriotism is commonly liable, the noble are most likely to incur.
爱国主义美德通常会受到轻微的指责，而贵族最有可能遭受这种指责。
Those who, while they disapprove of the character and measures of a government, yield to it their allegiance and support, are undoubtedly its most conscientious supporters, and so frequently the most serious obstacles to reform.
那些虽然不赞成政府的性质和措施，但却效忠和支持政府的人，无疑是政府最认真的支持者，也常常是改革的最严重障碍。
Some are petitioning the State to dissolve the Union, to disregard the requisitions of the President.
一些人请求国家解散联邦，无视总统的要求。
Why do they not dissolve it themselves,—the union between themselves and the State,—and refuse to pay their quota into its treasury?
为什么他们不自己解散它——他们与国家之间的联盟——并拒绝将他们的配额缴纳到国库中？
Do not they stand in same relation to the State, that the State does to the Union?
难道它们与国家的关系不就如同国家与联邦的关系一样吗？
And have not the same reasons prevented the State from resisting the Union, which have prevented them from resisting the State?
阻止国家反抗联邦的原因不正是阻止他们反抗国家的同样原因吗？
How can a man be satisfied to entertain an opinion merely, and enjoy _it?_ Is there any enjoyment in it, if his opinion is that he is aggrieved?
一个人怎么可能仅仅满足于接受一种观点并享受它呢？如果他的观点是他感到不满，那么其中还有什么乐趣吗？
If you are cheated out of a single dollar by your neighbor, you do not rest satisfied with knowing you are cheated, or with saying that you are cheated, or even with petitioning him to pay you your due; but you take effectual steps at once to obtain the full amount, and see that you are never cheated again.
如果你被邻居骗走了一美元，你不会满足于知道自己被骗了，或者说你被骗了，甚至请求他支付你应得的费用；但您立即采取有效措施获得全额金额，并确保您再也不会被骗。
Action from principle,—the perception and the performance of right,—changes things and relations; it is essentially revolutionary, and does not consist wholly with anything which was.
从原则出发的行动——正确的认知和执行——改变事物和关系；它本质上是革命性的，并且不完全与过去的任何东西一致。
It not only divided states and churches, it divides families; aye, it divides the _individual_, separating the diabolical in him from the divine.
它不仅分裂了国家和教会，也分裂了家庭；是的，它分裂了个人，将他内心的恶魔与神圣分开。
Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?
不公正的法律是存在的：我们应该满足于遵守它们，还是应该努力修改它们，并遵守它们直到我们成功，或者我们应该立即违反它们？
Men generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them.
在这样的政府统治下，人们普遍认为他们应该等到说服大多数人来改变这些政策。
They think that, if they should resist, the remedy would be worse than the evil.
他们认为，如果他们反抗的话，补救措施会比邪恶更糟糕。
But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy _is_ worse than the evil.
但补救措施比邪恶措施更糟糕，这是政府本身的错误。
_It_ makes it worse.
_这_让情况变得更糟。
Why is it not more apt to anticipate and provide for reform?
为什么不更容易预见和提供改革呢？
Why does it not cherish its wise minority?
为什么它不珍惜自己聪明的少数呢？
Why does it cry and resist before it is hurt?
为什么它在受伤之前会哭泣并反抗？
Why does it not encourage its citizens to be on the alert to point out its faults, and _do_ better than it would have them?
为什么它不鼓励其公民保持警惕，指出其错误，并做得比它希望的更好呢？
Why does it always crucify Christ, and excommunicate Copernicus and Luther, and pronounce Washington and Franklin rebels?
为什么它总是把基督钉在十字架上，将哥白尼和路德逐出教会，并宣布华盛顿和富兰克林为叛逆者？
One would think, that a deliberate and practical denial of its authority was the only offence never contemplated by government; else, why has it not assigned its definite, its suitable and proportionate penalty?
人们可能会认为，故意而实际地否认其权威是政府从未考虑过的唯一罪行；否则，为什么不给予明确的、适当的、相称的处罚呢？
If a man who has no property refuses but once to earn nine shillings for the State, he is put in prison for a period unlimited by any law that I know, and determined only by the discretion of those who placed him there; but if he should steal ninety times nine shillings from the State, he is soon permitted to go at large again.
如果一个没有财产的人拒绝为国家赚取九先令一次，那么他就会被投入监狱，监禁期限不受我所知道的任何法律的限制，并且仅由安置他的人自行决定；但如果他从国家偷了九十乘以九先令，他很快就会被允许再次逍遥法外。
If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go: perchance it will wear smooth,—certainly the machine will wear out.
如果不公正是政府机器必要摩擦的一部分，那就放手吧，放手吧：也许它会平稳地磨损——当然，这台机器会磨损。
If the injustice has a spring, or a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself, then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law.
如果不公正有一个弹簧，或滑轮，或一根绳子，或一个曲柄，专为自己而设，那么也许你可以考虑补救是否会比邪恶更糟糕；但如果它的性质要求你成为对他人不公正的代理人，那么我说，那就违法吧。
Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine.
让你的生活成为停止机器的反摩擦力。
What I have to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to the wrong which I condemn.
无论如何，我必须做的是确保我不让自己犯下我所谴责的错误。
As for adopting the ways which the State has provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such ways.
至于采取国家规定的补救措施，我不知道有这样的方法。
They take too much time, and a man’s life will be gone.
它们花费太多时间，而一个人的生命就会消失。
I have other affairs to attend to.
我还有其他事情要处理。
I came into this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad.
我来到这个世界上，主要不是为了让这里成为一个美好的居住地，而是为了生活在其中，无论好坏。
A man has not every thing to do, but something; and because he cannot do _every thing_, it is not necessary that he should do _something_ wrong.
一个人并不是每件事都要做，而是有一些事情要做；因为他不能做所有的事情，所以他没有必要做错事。
It is not my business to be petitioning the Governor or the Legislature any more than it is theirs to petition me; and, if they should not hear my petition, what should I do then?
向总督或立法机关请愿不是我的事，正如他们向我请愿也不是我的事一样；如果他们不听我的请愿，我该怎么办？
But in this case the State has provided no way: its very Constitution is the evil.
但在这种情况下，国家没有提供任何办法：它的宪法本身就是邪恶的。
This may seem to be harsh and stubborn and unconcilliatory; but it is to treat with the utmost kindness and consideration the only spirit that can appreciate or deserves it.
这可能看起来很严厉、固执、不和解；但它是以最大的善意和体贴对待唯一能够欣赏或值得的精神。
So is all change for the better, like birth and death which convulse the body.
一切向好的方向变化也是如此，就像使身体抽搐的出生和死亡一样。
I do not hesitate to say, that those who call themselves abolitionists should at once effectually withdraw their support, both in person and property, from the government of Massachusetts, and not wait till they constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the right to prevail through them.
我毫不犹豫地说，那些自称废奴主义者的人应该立即有效地撤回对马萨诸塞州政府的支持，无论是在人身还是财产上，而不是等到他们占多数时，才有权通过他们获胜。
I think that it is enough if they have God on their side, without waiting for that other one.
我认为，如果他们有上帝在身边就足够了，不需要等待另一个人。
Moreover, any man more right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one already.
此外，任何比他的邻居更正确的人都已经构成了一个人的多数。
I meet this American government, or its representative, the State government, directly, and face to face, once a year, no more, in the person of its tax-gatherer; this is the only mode in which a man situated as I am necessarily meets it; and it then says distinctly, Recognize me; and the simplest, the most effectual, and, in the present posture of affairs, the indispensablest mode of treating with it on this head, of expressing your little satisfaction with and love for it, is to deny it then.
我与美国政府或其代表州政府直接会面，每年一次，仅此一次，以收税员的名义；这是像我这样的人必然会遇到的唯一方式。然后它清楚地说：认出我吧；而在目前的情况下，处理这个问题、表达你对它的一点点满足和喜爱的最简单、最有效、也是最不可或缺的方式就是否认它。
My civil neighbor, the tax-gatherer, is the very man I have to deal with,—for it is, after all, with men and not with parchment that I quarrel,—and he has voluntarily chosen to be an agent of the government.
我的民事邻居，收税员，正是我必须打交道的人，因为毕竟，我是在与人而不是与羊皮纸争吵，而他自愿选择成为政府的代理人。
How shall he ever know well what he is and does as an officer of the government, or as a man, until he is obliged to consider whether he shall treat me, his neighbor, for whom he has respect, as a neighbor and well-disposed man, or as a maniac and disturber of the peace, and see if he can get over this obstruction to his neighborliness without a ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action?
他怎么能清楚地知道自己作为政府官员或作为一个人的身份和行为，除非他不得不考虑是否应将我，他的邻居，他所尊敬的人，视为邻居和好人，还是视为疯子和扰乱和平的人，并看看他是否能够克服这种对邻里关系的障碍，而无需与他的行为相适应的更粗鲁和更冲动的思想或言论？
I know this well, that if one thousand, if one hundred, if ten men whom I could name,—if ten _honest_ men only,—aye, if _one_ HONEST man, in this State of Massachusetts, _ceasing to hold slaves_, were actually to withdraw from this copartnership, and be locked up in the county jail therefor, it would be the abolition of slavery in America.
我很清楚，如果一千，如果一百，如果我能说出名字的十个人，如果只有十个诚实的人，是的，如果马萨诸塞州的一个诚实的人停止持有奴隶，实际上退出这种合作关系，并因此被关进县监狱，这将是美国奴隶制的废除。
For it matters not how small the beginning may seem to be: what is once well done is done for ever.
因为开始看起来有多小并不重要：一旦做得好，就永远完成。
But we love better to talk about it: that we say is our mission.
但我们更喜欢谈论它：我们说这是我们的使命。
Reform keeps many scores of newspapers in its service, but not one man.
改革使许多报纸为它服务，但没有一个人。
If my esteemed neighbor, the State’s ambassador, who will devote his days to the settlement of the question of human rights in the Council Chamber, instead of being threatened with the prisons of Carolina, were to sit down the prisoner of Massachusetts, that State which is so anxious to foist the sin of slavery upon her sister,—though at present she can discover only an act of inhospitality to be the ground of a quarrel with her,—the Legislature would not wholly waive the subject of the following winter.
如果我尊敬的邻居，州大使，将在议会厅里致力于解决人权问题，而不是受到卡罗莱纳州监狱的威胁，而是让马萨诸塞州的囚犯坐下来，马萨诸塞州急于将奴隶制的罪恶强加给她的妹妹，尽管目前她只能发现冷漠的行为可以成为与她争吵的理由，但立法机关不会完全放弃这一主题接下来的冬天。
Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison.
在一个关押任何不公正行为的政府的统治下，正义之人真正的去处也是监狱。
The proper place today, the only place which Massachusetts has provided for her freer and less desponding spirits, is in her prisons, to be put out and locked out of the State by her own act, as they have already put themselves out by their principles.
今天，马萨诸塞州为她的自由和不那么沮丧的精神提供的唯一地方，就是在她的监狱里，通过她自己的行动将其赶出并锁在该州之外，就像他们已经按照自己的原则将自己驱逐出去一样。
It is there that the fugitive slave, and the Mexican prisoner on parole, and the Indian come to plead the wrongs of his race, should find them; on that separate, but more free and honorable ground, where the State places those who are not _with_ her but _against_ her,—the only house in a slave-state in which a free man can abide with honor.
逃亡的奴隶、假释的墨西哥囚犯，以及前来为自己的种族辩护的印第安人，应该在那里找到他们；在那个独立的、但更自由和光荣的土地上，国家将那些不支持她但反对她的人安置在那里，这是奴隶制国家中自由人可以荣誉地居住的唯一房子。
If any think that their influence would be lost there, and their voices no longer afflict the ear of the State, that they would not be as an enemy within its walls, they do not know by how much truth is stronger than error, nor how much more eloquently and effectively he can combat injustice who has experienced a little in his own person.
如果有人认为他们的影响力将在那里消失，他们的声音将不再困扰国家，他们将不会成为国家墙内的敌人，他们不知道真理比错误强大多少，也不知道一个亲身经历过一点的人能够更加雄辩和有效地与不公正作斗争。
Cast your whole vote, not a strip of paper merely, but your whole influence.
投出你的全部选票，不仅仅是一张纸条，而是你的全部影响力。
A minority is powerless while it conforms to the majority; it is not even a minority then; but it is irresistible when it clogs by its whole weight.
少数服从多数则无能为力；那时它甚至不是少数；但当它被它的全部重量堵塞时，它是不可抗拒的。
If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison, or give up war and slavery, the State will not hesitate which to choose.
如果选择是将所有正义之人关进监狱，或者放弃战争和奴隶制，国家将毫不犹豫地选择哪一个。
If a thousand men were not to pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit violence and shed innocent blood.
如果今年有一千人不缴纳税款，那将不会是一个暴力和血腥的措施，因为它会支付他们的费用，并使国家能够实施暴力并造成无辜者的流血。
This is, in fact, the definition of a peaceable revolution, if any such is possible.
事实上，这就是和平革命的定义（如果可能的话）。
If the tax-gatherer, or any other public officer, asks me, as one has done, “But what shall I do?” my answer is, “If you really wish to do any thing, resign your office.” When the subject has refused allegiance, and the officer has resigned his office, then the revolution is accomplished.
如果收税员或任何其他公职人员像以前那样问我：“但是我该怎么办呢？”我的回答是：“如果你真的想做任何事情，那就辞职吧。”当臣民拒绝效忠，军官辞职时，革命就完成了。
But even suppose blood should flow.
但即使假设血液应该流动。
Is there not a sort of blood shed when the conscience is wounded?
当良心受到伤害时，不也是一种流血吗？
Through this wound a man’s real manhood and immortality flow out, and he bleeds to an everlasting death.
通过这个伤口，一个人真正的男子气概和不朽的气质流露出来，他流血至永远的死亡。
I see this blood flowing now.
我现在看到这血在流淌。
I have contemplated the imprisonment of the offender, rather than the seizure of his goods,—though both will serve the same purpose,—because they who assert the purest right, and consequently are most dangerous to a corrupt State, commonly have not spent much time in accumulating property.
我考虑过监禁罪犯，而不是没收他的财产——尽管两者都有相同的目的——因为那些主张最纯粹权利的人，因此对腐败国家来说是最危险的，通常不会花太多时间积累财产。
To such the State renders comparatively small service, and a slight tax is wont to appear exorbitant, particularly if they are obliged to earn it by special labor with their hands.
国家对这些人提供的服务相对较少，而少量的税收往往会显得过高，特别是如果他们不得不靠自己的双手进行特殊劳动的话。
If there were one who lived wholly without the use of money, the State itself would hesitate to demand it of him.
如果有人完全不用金钱而生活，国家本身就会犹豫是否向他索要金钱。
But the rich man—not to make any invidious comparison—is always sold to the institution which makes him rich.
但富人——不做任何令人反感的比较——总是被卖给让他致富的机构。
Absolutely speaking, the more money, the less virtue; for money comes between a man and his objects, and obtains them for him; it was certainly no great virtue to obtain it.
绝对地说，钱越多，德就越少；因为金钱介于一个人和他的物品之间，并为他获得这些物品。获得它当然不是什么伟大的美德。
It puts to rest many questions which he would otherwise be taxed to answer; while the only new question which it puts is the hard but superfluous one, how to spend it.
它解决了许多问题，否则他将需要回答这些问题。而它提出的唯一新问题是困难但多余的问题，即如何使用它。
Thus his moral ground is taken from under his feet.
这样，他的道德基础就被夺走了。
The opportunities of living are diminished in proportion as what are called the “means” are increased.
随着所谓“手段”的增加，生活的机会也相应减少。
The best thing a man can do for his culture when he is rich is to endeavor to carry out those schemes which he entertained when he was poor.
一个人在富有时能为自己的文化做的最好的事情就是努力实现他在贫穷时所考虑的计划。
Christ answered the Herodians according to their condition.
基督根据希律党人的光景回答了他们。
“Show me the tribute-money,” said he;—and one took a penny out of his pocket;—if you use money which has the image of Cæsar on it, and which he has made current and valuable, that is, _if you are men of the State_, and gladly enjoy the advantages of Cæsar’s government, then pay him back some of his own when he demands it; “Render therefore to Cæsar that which is Cæsar’s and to God those things which are God’s,”—leaving them no wiser than before as to which was which; for they did not wish to know.
“给我看贡钱，”他说；——然后有人从口袋里掏出一便士；——如果你使用的钱上有凯撒的肖像，而且他使这些钱变得流通且有价值，也就是说，如果你们是国家的人，并且高兴地享受凯撒政府的好处，那么当他要求时，还给他一些自己的钱； “因此，凯撒的归凯撒，上帝的归上帝”——这让他们不再比以前更清楚哪些是哪些；哪些是上帝的。因为他们不想知道。
When I converse with the freest of my neighbors, I perceive that, whatever they may say about the magnitude and seriousness of the question, and their regard for the public tranquillity, the long and the short of the matter is, that they cannot spare the protection of the existing government, and they dread the consequences of disobedience to it to their property and families.
当我与最自由的邻居交谈时，我意识到，无论他们如何评价问题的严重性和严重性，以及他们对公共安宁的关心，总而言之，他们无法摆脱现有政府的保护，并且他们担心不服从政府会给他们的财产和家庭带来后果。
For my own part, I should not like to think that I ever rely on the protection of the State.
就我个人而言，我不希望认为我曾经依赖过国家的保护。
But, if I deny the authority of the State when it presents its tax-bill, it will soon take and waste all my property, and so harass me and my children without end.
但是，如果我在国家提交税单时否认国家的权威，它很快就会拿走并浪费我所有的财产，从而无休止地骚扰我和我的孩子。
This is hard.
这很难。
This makes it impossible for a man to live honestly and at the same time comfortably in outward respects.
这使得一个人不可能在外在方面既诚实又舒适地生活。
It will not be worth the while to accumulate property; that would be sure to go again.
花时间去积累财产是不值得的；那肯定会再去。
You must hire or squat somewhere, and raise but a small crop, and eat that soon.
你必须在某个地方雇人或占地方，只种一点点庄稼，然后很快就能吃掉。
You must live within yourself, and depend upon yourself, always tucked up and ready for a start, and not have many affairs.
你必须活在自己里面，依靠自己，时刻准备着开始，不要有太多的事情。
A man may grow rich in Turkey even, if he will be in all respects a good subject of the Turkish government.
如果一个人在各方面都成为土耳其政府的好臣民，那么他甚至可以在土耳其变得富有。
Confucius said,—“If a State is governed by the principles of reason, poverty and misery are subjects of shame; if a State is not governed by the principles of reason, riches and honors are the subjects of shame.” No: until I want the protection of Massachusetts to be extended to me in some distant southern port, where my liberty is endangered, or until I am bent solely on building up an estate at home by peaceful enterprise, I can afford to refuse allegiance to Massachusetts, and her right to my property and life.
孔子说：“国家有道义，贫苦是耻辱；国家不有道义，富贵是耻辱。”不：除非我希望马萨诸塞州的保护延伸到我在某个遥远的南方港口的地方，在那里我的自由受到威胁，或者直到我一心只想通过和平的事业在家里建立一个庄园，我可以拒绝效忠马萨诸塞州，以及她对我的财产和生命的权利。
It costs me less in every sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the State, than it would to obey.
从任何意义上说，我因不服从国家而遭受的惩罚都比服从国家要少。
I should feel as if I were worth less in that case.
在那种情况下，我应该感觉自己的价值降低了。
Some years ago, the State met me in behalf of the church, and commanded me to pay a certain sum toward the support of a clergyman whose preaching my father attended, but never I myself.
几年前，国家代表教会会见了我，并命令我支付一定的费用来资助一位牧师，我父亲参加了他的讲道，但我本人却从未参加过。
“Pay it,” it said, “or be locked up in the jail.” I declined to pay.
“付钱，”它说，“否则就被关进监狱。”我拒绝付款。
But, unfortunately, another man saw fit to pay it.
但不幸的是，另一个人认为适合支付这笔钱。
I did not see why the schoolmaster should be taxed to support the priest, and not the priest the schoolmaster; for I was not the State’s schoolmaster, but I supported myself by voluntary subscription.
我不明白为什么校长应该纳税来养活牧师，而不是牧师养活校长；因为我不是公立学校的校长，但我靠自愿捐款养活自己。
I did not see why the lyceum should not present its tax-bill, and have the State to back its demand, as well as the church.
我不明白为什么中学不应该提交其税单，并让国家和教会支持其要求。
However, at the request of the selectmen, I condescended to make some such statement as this in writing:—“Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Thoreau, do not wish to be regarded as a member of any incorporated society which I have not joined.” This I gave to the town-clerk; and he has it.
然而，应选举委员的要求，我屈尊以书面形式发表这样的声明：“通过这些礼物了解所有人，我，亨利·梭罗，不希望被视为我未加入的任何社团的成员。”我把这个交给了镇书记员；他拥有它。
The State, having thus learned that I did not wish to be regarded as a member of that church, has never made a like demand on me since; though it said that it must adhere to its original presumption that time.
国家得知我不希望被视为该教会的成员，此后从未对我提出过类似的要求；虽然它说必须坚持当时的最初推定。
If I had known how to name them, I should then have signed off in detail from all the societies which I never signed on to; but I did not know where to find such a complete list.
如果我知道如何命名它们，那么我就会详细地签署所有我从未签署过的协会；但我不知道哪里可以找到这么完整的清单。
I have paid no poll-tax for six years.
我已经六年没有缴纳人头税了。
I was put into a jail once on this account, for one night; and, as I stood considering the walls of solid stone, two or three feet thick, the door of wood and iron, a foot thick, and the iron grating which strained the light, I could not help being struck with the foolishness of that institution which treated me as if I were mere flesh and blood and bones, to be locked up.
我曾因此被关进监狱一晚；当我站在那里，看着两三英尺厚的坚固石墙、一英尺厚的木铁门，以及过滤光线的铁栅栏时，我不禁被这个机构的愚蠢所震惊，它对待我的方式就好像我只是被关起来的血肉和骨头一样。
I wondered that it should have concluded at length that this was the best use it could put me to, and had never thought to avail itself of my services in some way.
我想知道它最终是否应该得出这样的结论：这是它可以为我提供的最佳用途，并且从未想过以某种方式利用我的服务。
I saw that, if there was a wall of stone between me and my townsmen, there was a still more difficult one to climb or break through, before they could get to be as free as I was.
我发现，如果我和我的城镇居民之间有一堵石墙，那么在他们能够像我一样自由之前，还有一堵更难攀爬或突破的墙。
I did nor for a moment feel confined, and the walls seemed a great waste of stone and mortar.
我一刻也没有感到受到限制，墙壁似乎是石头和砂浆的巨大浪费。
I felt as if I alone of all my townsmen had paid my tax.
我感觉好像所有镇民中只有我一个人缴了税。
They plainly did not know how to treat me, but behaved like persons who are underbred.
他们显然不知道如何对待我，表现得像没有教养的人。
In every threat and in every compliment there was a blunder; for they thought that my chief desire was to stand the other side of that stone wall.
每一次威胁和每一次恭维都存在着错误。因为他们认为我的主要愿望是站在石墙的另一边。
I could not but smile to see how industriously they locked the door on my meditations, which followed them out again without let or hindrance, and _they_ were really all that was dangerous.
看到他们如此勤奋地锁上我的沉思之门，我不禁微笑起来，我的沉思又毫无阻碍地跟着他们出去了，而他们确实是危险的。
As they could not reach me, they had resolved to punish my body; just as boys, if they cannot come at some person against whom they have a spite, will abuse his dog.
由于他们无法联系到我，所以他们决定惩罚我的身体；就像男孩子一样，如果他们不能去攻击那些他们有怨恨的人，他们就会虐待他的狗。
I saw that the State was half-witted, that it was timid as a lone woman with her silver spoons, and that it did not know its friends from its foes, and I lost all my remaining respect for it, and pitied it.
我看到国家是愚笨的，它像一个拿着银汤匙的孤独女人一样胆怯，它不知道它的朋友和敌人，我对它失去了所有仅存的尊重，并怜悯它。
Thus the state never intentionally confronts a man’s sense, intellectual or moral, but only his body, his senses.
因此，国家从来不会有意地对抗一个人的感官、智力或道德，而只是对抗他的身体、他的感官。
It is not armed with superior wit or honesty, but with superior physical strength.
它不是拥有卓越的智慧或诚实，而是拥有卓越的体力。
I was not born to be forced.
我生来就不是被迫的。
I will breathe after my own fashion.
我会按照自己的方式呼吸。
Let us see who is the strongest.
让我们看看谁是最强的。
What force has a multitude?
什么力量拥有众多？
They only can force me who obey a higher law than I.
他们只能强迫我遵守比我更高的法律。
They force me to become like themselves.
他们强迫我变得像他们自己。
I do not hear of _men_ being _forced_ to live this way or that by masses of men.
我没有听说过人类被一群人强迫以这种或那种方式生活。
What sort of life were that to live?
那是什么样的生活？
When I meet a government which says to me, “Your money or your life,” why should I be in haste to give it my money?
当我遇到一个对我说“要钱还是要命”的政府时，我为什么要急于给它钱呢？
It may be in a great strait, and not know what to do: I cannot help that.
它可能陷入了困境，不知道该怎么办：我无能为力。
It must help itself; do as I do.
它必须帮助自己；像我一样做。
It is not worth the while to snivel about it.
不值得为此哭泣。
I am not responsible for the successful working of the machinery of society.
我不对社会机器的成功运转负责。
I am not the son of the engineer.
我不是工程师的儿子。
I perceive that, when an acorn and a chestnut fall side by side, the one does not remain inert to make way for the other, but both obey their own laws, and spring and grow and flourish as best they can, till one, perchance, overshadows and destroys the other.
我认为，当一颗橡子和一颗栗子并排掉落时，其中一个不会保持惰性为另一个让路，而是都遵守自己的法则，尽其所能地发芽、生长和繁盛，直到一个可能盖过另一个并摧毁另一个。
If a plant cannot live according to its nature, it dies; and so a man.
如果植物不能按照其本性生存，它就会死亡；所以是一个男人。
The night in prison was novel and interesting enough.
监狱里的那个夜晚够新奇、够有趣的。
The prisoners in their shirt-sleeves were enjoying a chat and the evening air in the door-way, when I entered.
当我进去时，囚犯们正穿着衬衫在门口聊天，享受傍晚的空气。
But the jailer said, “Come, boys, it is time to lock up;” and so they dispersed, and I heard the sound of their steps returning into the hollow apartments.
但狱卒说：“来吧，孩子们，该关起来了。”于是他们就散去了，我听见他们的脚步声回到了空荡荡的公寓里。
My room-mate was introduced to me by the jailer as “a first-rate fellow and a clever man.” When the door was locked, he showed me where to hang my hat, and how he managed matters there.
狱卒向我介绍我的室友是“一个一流的家伙，一个聪明的人”。门锁上后，他告诉我把帽子挂在哪里，以及他如何处理那里的事情。
The rooms were whitewashed once a month; and this one, at least, was the whitest, most simply furnished, and probably the neatest apartment in town.
房间每月粉刷一次；至少，这一间是城里最白、布置最简单、也可能是最整洁的公寓。
He naturally wanted to know where I came from, and what brought me there; and, when I had told him, I asked him in my turn how he came there, presuming him to be an honest man, of course; and, as the world goes, I believe he was.
他自然想知道我从哪里来，是什么把我带到那里的；当我告诉他之后，我又问他是怎么到那里的，当然，我假设他是一个诚实的人。而且，随着世界的发展，我相信他是。
“Why,” said he, “they accuse me of burning a barn; but I never did it.” As near as I could discover, he had probably gone to bed in a barn when drunk, and smoked his pipe there; and so a barn was burnt.
“为什么，”他说，“他们指责我烧了一个谷仓；但我从来没有这么做过。”据我所知，他很可能喝醉后在谷仓里睡觉，并在那里抽烟斗。于是，一座谷仓被烧毁了。
He had the reputation of being a clever man, had been there some three months waiting for his trial to come on, and would have to wait as much longer; but he was quite domesticated and contented, since he got his board for nothing, and thought that he was well treated.
他以聪明人着称，已经在那里等待了三个月的时间，等待审判的到来，而且还得等待更长的时间。但他非常驯服和满足，因为他免费得到了他的膳宿，并认为他受到了很好的待遇。
He occupied one window, and I the other; and I saw, that, if one stayed there long, his principal business would be to look out the window.
他占据一扇窗户，我占据另一扇；我发现，如果一个人呆在那里很长时间，他的主要任务就是看窗外。
I had soon read all the tracts that were left there, and examined where former prisoners had broken out, and where a grate had been sawed off, and heard the history of the various occupants of that room; for I found that even here there was a history and a gossip which never circulated beyond the walls of the jail.
我很快就读完了留在那儿的所有小册子，检查了以前的囚犯在哪里越狱，在哪里锯掉了格栅，并听了那个房间里各个住户的历史；因为我发现，即使在这里，也有一段从未在监狱墙外流传的历史和流言蜚语。
Probably this is the only house in the town where verses are composed, which are afterward printed in a circular form, but not published.
这可能是镇上唯一写诗的房子，这些诗后来以圆形形式印刷，但没有出版。
I was shown quite a long list of verses which were composed by some young men who had been detected in an attempt to escape, who avenged themselves by singing them.
有人向我展示了一长串诗句，这些诗句是由一些企图逃跑时被发现的年轻人创作的，他们通过唱这些诗来报仇。
I pumped my fellow-prisoner as dry as I could, for fear I should never see him again; but at length he showed me which was my bed, and left me to blow out the lamp.
我尽我所能地把我的狱友抽干，生怕我再也见不到他了。但最后他给我看了哪张是我的床，然后让我去吹灯。
It was like travelling into a far country, such as I had never expected to behold, to lie there for one night.
这就像旅行到一个遥远的国家，一个我从未想过会看到的地方，在那里躺上一晚。
It seemed to me that I never had heard the town-clock strike before, nor the evening sounds of the village; for we slept with the windows open, which were inside the grating.
我觉得我以前从未听过城镇的钟声，也从未听过村庄傍晚的声音。因为我们睡觉时窗户是开着的，窗户在格栅里面。
It was to see my native village in the light of the Middle Ages, and our Concord was turned into a Rhine stream, and visions of knights and castles passed before me.
是为了在中世纪的光芒下看到我的家乡，我们的协和河变成了莱茵河，骑士和城堡的幻象在我面前掠过。
They were the voices of old burghers that I heard in the streets.
这是我在街上听到的老市民的声音。
I was an involuntary spectator and auditor of whatever was done and said in the kitchen of the adjacent village-inn—a wholly new and rare experience to me.
我不由自主地成为旁观者和旁听者，旁观者和旁听者观察着邻近乡村客栈厨房里的一言一行——这对我来说是一种全新的、罕见的经历。
It was a closer view of my native town.
这是我家乡的近景。
I was fairly inside of it.
我完全融入其中。
I never had seen its institutions before.
我以前从未见过它的机构。
This is one of its peculiar institutions; for it is a shire town.
这是其独特的机构之一。因为它是一个郡镇。
I began to comprehend what its inhabitants were about.
我开始理解它的居民的生活。
In the morning, our breakfasts were put through the hole in the door, in small oblong-square tin pans, made to fit, and holding a pint of chocolate, with brown bread, and an iron spoon.
早上，我们的早餐从门上的洞里放进去，装在长方形的小锡盘里，形状合适，里面盛着一品脱巧克力、黑面包和一把铁勺。
When they called for the vessels again, I was green enough to return what bread I had left; but my comrade seized it, and said that I should lay that up for lunch or dinner.
当他们再次要求提供容器时，我已经足够绿了，可以归还我剩下的面包了。但我的同志抓住了它，并说我应该把它留起来当午餐或晚餐。
Soon after, he was let out to work at haying in a neighboring field, whither he went every day, and would not be back till noon; so he bade me good-day, saying that he doubted if he should see me again.
不久之后，他被派去附近的田地里干草，他每天都去那里，直到中午才回来。于是他向我道了再见，说他怀疑是否应该再见到我。
When I came out of prison,—for some one interfered, and paid the tax,—I did not perceive that great changes had taken place on the common, such as he observed who went in a youth, and emerged a gray-headed man; and yet a change had to my eyes come over the scene,—the town, and State, and country,—greater than any that mere time could effect.
当我出狱时——因为有人干涉，并缴了税——我没有意识到普通人发生了巨大的变化，就像他观察到的那样，谁进去时是个年轻人，出来时却是一个白发苍苍的人；然而，在我看来，整个场景——城镇、州和乡村——发生了比仅仅时间所能产生的任何变化都要大的变化。
I saw yet more distinctly the State in which I lived.
我更加清楚地看到了我所生活的国家。
I saw to what extent the people among whom I lived could be trusted as good neighbors and friends; that their friendship was for summer weather only; that they did not greatly purpose to do right; that they were a distinct race from me by their prejudices and superstitions, as the Chinamen and Malays are; that, in their sacrifices to humanity they ran no risks, not even to their property; that, after all, they were not so noble but they treated the thief as he had treated them, and hoped, by a certain outward observance and a few prayers, and by walking in a particular straight though useless path from time to time, to save their souls.
我看到我周围的人在多大程度上可以被信任为好邻居和朋友；他们的友谊只适用于夏天的天气；他们并没有立志去做正确的事；由于他们的偏见和迷信，他们与我是不同的种族，就像中国人和马来人一样；他们在为人类做出牺牲时没有冒任何风险，甚至连财产也没有；毕竟，他们并不那么高贵，但他们对待小偷就像他对待他们一样，并希望通过某种外在的遵守和一些祈祷，以及时不时地走在一条特定的笔直但无用的道路上，来拯救他们的灵魂。
This may be to judge my neighbors harshly; for I believe that most of them are not aware that they have such an institution as the jail in their village.
这可能是严厉地评判我的邻居；因为我相信他们中的大多数人都不知道他们村里有监狱这样的机构。
It was formerly the custom in our village, when a poor debtor came out of jail, for his acquaintances to salute him, looking through their fingers, which were crossed to represent the grating of a jail window, “How do ye do?” My neighbors did not thus salute me, but first looked at me, and then at one another, as if I had returned from a long journey.
从前我们村子里有这样的习俗，当一个贫穷的欠债人从监狱里出来时，他的熟人会向他行礼，并透过他们交叉的手指（代表监狱窗户的栅栏）看着他，“你们好吗？”邻居们并没有这样向我行礼，而是先看看我，然后互相看看，好像我长途跋涉回来了。
I was put into jail as I was going to the shoemaker’s to get a shoe which was mended.
当我去鞋匠那里取一双修好的鞋子时，我被关进了监狱。
When I was let out the next morning, I proceeded to finish my errand, and, having put on my mended shoe, joined a huckleberry party, who were impatient to put themselves under my conduct; and in half an hour,—for the horse was soon tackled,—was in the midst of a huckleberry field, on one of our highest hills, two miles off; and then the State was nowhere to be seen.
第二天早上我被放出来后，我继续完成我的差事，穿上修好的鞋子，加入了一个越橘聚会，他们迫不及待地接受我的指导；半小时后——马很快就被抓住了——就来到了两英里外我们最高的山丘之一的越橘田中间。然后就看不到国家了。
This is the whole history of “My Prisons.”
这就是《我的监狱》的全部历史。
I have never declined paying the highway tax, because I am as desirous of being a good neighbor as I am of being a bad subject; and, as for supporting schools, I am doing my part to educate my fellow-countrymen now.
我从来没有拒绝缴纳高速公路税，因为我渴望成为一个好邻居，就像我渴望成为一个坏臣民一样；至于支持学校，我现在正在尽自己的一份力量来教育我的同胞。
It is for no particular item in the tax-bill that I refuse to pay it.
我并不是因为税单上的任何特定项目而拒绝缴税。
I simply wish to refuse allegiance to the State, to withdraw and stand aloof from it effectually.
我只是想拒绝效忠国家，实际上退出国家并与之保持距离。
I do not care to trace the course of my dollar, if I could, till it buys a man, or a musket to shoot one with,—the dollar is innocent,—but I am concerned to trace the effects of my allegiance.
如果可以的话，我不想追踪我的美元的流向，直到它买了一个人，或者一把用来射击的步枪——美元是无辜的——但我关心追踪我的效忠的影响。
In fact, I quietly declare war with the State, after my fashion, though I will still make use and get what advantages of her I can, as is usual in such cases.
事实上，我以我的方式悄悄地向国家宣战，尽管我仍然会利用并尽可能地利用她，就像在这种情况下通常那样。
If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they have already done in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a greater extent than the State requires.
如果其他人出于对国家的同情而缴纳了我要求的税款，那么他们所做的只是他们在自己的情况下已经做过的事情，或者更确切地说，他们在比国家要求的更大程度上助长了不公正。
If they pay the tax from a mistaken interest in the individual taxed, to save his property or prevent his going to jail, it is because they have not considered wisely how far they let their private feelings interfere with the public good.
如果他们出于对纳税人的错误利益而纳税，为了挽救他的财产或防止他入狱，那是因为他们没有明智地考虑他们让自己的私人感情在多大程度上干扰了公共利益。
This, then, is my position at present.
这就是我目前的立场。
But one cannot be too much on his guard in such a case, lest his actions be biassed by obstinacy, or an undue regard for the opinions of men.
但在这种情况下，一个人不能过于警惕，以免他的行为因固执或过分尊重他人的意见而产生偏见。
Let him see that he does only what belongs to himself and to the hour.
让他看到他只做属于他自己和时间的事情。
I think sometimes, Why, this people mean well; they are only ignorant; they would do better if they knew how: why give your neighbors this pain to treat you as they are not inclined to?
有时我想，为什么，这些人的本意是好的；他们只是无知而已；如果他们知道如何做，他们会做得更好：为什么要让你的邻居如此痛苦地对待你，而他们不愿意这样做？
But I think, again, this is no reason why I should do as they do, or permit others to suffer much greater pain of a different kind.
但我再次认为，这并不是我应该像他们那样做或允许其他人遭受更大的不同类型痛苦的理由。
Again, I sometimes say to myself, When many millions of men, without heat, without ill-will, without personal feeling of any kind, demand of you a few shillings only, without the possibility, such is their constitution, of retracting or altering their present demand, and without the possibility, on your side, of appeal to any other millions, why expose yourself to this overwhelming brute force?
我有时会对自己说，当数以百万计的人，没有热情，没有恶意，没有任何形式的个人感情，只要求你几先令，而他们的宪法不可能收回或改变他们目前的要求，而你方面也没有可能吸引任何其他数百万人时，为什么要让自己暴露在这种压倒性的暴力之下呢？
You do not resist cold and hunger, the winds and the waves, thus obstinately; you quietly submit to a thousand similar necessities.
你不抵抗寒冷和饥饿，抵抗风浪，如此固执；你默默地屈服于一千种类似的需求。
You do not put your head into the fire.
你不要把头伸进火里。
But just in proportion as I regard this as not wholly a brute force, but partly a human force, and consider that I have relations to those millions as to so many millions of men, and not of mere brute or inanimate things, I see that appeal is possible, first and instantaneously, from them to the Maker of them, and, secondly, from them to themselves.
但是，正如我认为这不完全是一种野蛮的力量，而是部分人类的力量，并且考虑到我与数以百万计的人有关系，而不仅仅是野兽或无生命的东西，我看到，首先和即时地，从他们向他们的创造者，其次，从他们向他们自己提出上诉是可能的。
But, if I put my head deliberately into the fire, there is no appeal to fire or to the Maker of fire, and I have only myself to blame.
但是，如果我故意把头伸进火里，就无法向火或火的创造者求助，只能怪我自己。
If I could convince myself that I have any right to be satisfied with men as they are, and to treat them accordingly, and not according, in some respects, to my requisitions and expectations of what they and I ought to be, then, like a good Mussulman and fatalist, I should endeavor to be satisfied with things as they are, and say it is the will of God.
如果我能说服自己，我有权利对人们的现状感到满意，并相应地对待他们，而不是在某些方面按照我对他们和我应该成为的人的要求和期望，那么，像一个好的穆斯林和宿命论者一样，我应该努力满足现状，并说这是上帝的旨意。
And, above all, there is this difference between resisting this and a purely brute or natural force, that I can resist this with some effect; but I cannot expect, like Orpheus, to change the nature of the rocks and trees and beasts.
而且，最重要的是，抵抗这种力量和纯粹的野蛮或自然力量之间存在着区别，我可以抵抗这种力量并产生某种效果；但我不能像俄耳甫斯那样期望改变岩石、树木和野兽的性质。
I do not wish to quarrel with any man or nation.
我不想与任何人或国家争吵。
I do not wish to split hairs, to make fine distinctions, or set myself up as better than my neighbors.
我不想吹毛求疵，不想做出细微的区分，也不想让自己比邻居更好。
I seek rather, I may say, even an excuse for conforming to the laws of the land.
我可以说，我什至在寻找遵守当地法律的借口。
I am but too ready to conform to them.
我已经准备好遵守他们的要求了。
Indeed I have reason to suspect myself on this head; and each year, as the tax-gatherer comes round, I find myself disposed to review the acts and position of the general and state governments, and the spirit of the people to discover a pretext for conformity.
事实上，我有理由在这一点上怀疑自己；每年，当收税员到来时，我发现自己倾向于审查联邦政府和州政府的行为和立场以及人民的精神，以找到顺从的借口。
“We must affect our country as our parents, And if at any time we alienate Out love of industry from doing it honor, We must respect effects and teach the soul Matter of conscience and religion, And not desire of rule or benefit.”
“我们必须像我们的父母一样影响我们的国家，如果我们在任何时候出于对工业的热爱而疏远了它的荣誉，我们必须尊重效果并教导灵魂问题是良心和宗教，而不是统治或利益的欲望。”
I believe that the State will soon be able to take all my work of this sort out of my hands, and then I shall be no better patriot than my fellow-countrymen.
我相信国家很快就能把我所有的这类工作从我手中夺走，那时我就不会比我的同胞们更好的爱国了。
Seen from a lower point of view, the Constitution, with all its faults, is very good; the law and the courts are very respectable; even this State and this American government are, in many respects, very admirable, and rare things, to be thankful for, such as a great many have described them; seen from a higher still, and the highest, who shall say what they are, or that they are worth looking at or thinking of at all?
从较低的角度来看，宪法尽管有种种缺陷，但还是非常好的；法律和法院是非常受人尊敬的；即使是这个州和这个美国政府，在许多方面也是非常令人钦佩和罕见的，值得感激，正如许多人所描述的那样；从更高、最高的角度来看，谁能说它们是什么，或者说它们值得一看或思考呢？
However, the government does not concern me much, and I shall bestow the fewest possible thoughts on it.
不过，政府对我不太关心，我尽量少去想。
It is not many moments that I live under a government, even in this world.
即使在这个世界上，我生活在政府统治下的时刻并不多。
If a man is thought-free, fancy-free, imagination-free, that which _is not_ never for a long time appearing _to be_ to him, unwise rulers or reformers cannot fatally interrupt him.
如果一个人没有思想、没有幻想、没有想象力，那么，不明智的统治者或改革者就无法致命地打断他，而他在很长一段时间内都不会出现这样的情况。
I know that most men think differently from myself; but those whose lives are by profession devoted to the study of these or kindred subjects content me as little as any.
我知道大多数人的想法与我不同；但对于那些一生致力于研究这些或类似主题的人来说，我和其他人一样不满意。
Statesmen and legislators, standing so completely within the institution, never distinctly and nakedly behold it.
政治家和立法者完全站在这个机构之内，从来没有清晰、赤裸地看到过它。
They speak of moving society, but have no resting-place without it.
他们谈论移动社会，但没有它就没有安身之所。
They may be men of a certain experience and discrimination, and have no doubt invented ingenious and even useful systems, for which we sincerely thank them; but all their wit and usefulness lie within certain not very wide limits.
他们可能是具有一定经验和辨别力的人，毫无疑问发明了巧妙的甚至有用的系统，为此我们衷心感谢他们；但他们所有的智慧和用处都在一定的、不太宽泛的范围之内。
They are wont to forget that the world is not governed by policy and expediency.
他们习惯于忘记世界不是由政策和权宜之计统治的。
Webster never goes behind government, and so cannot speak with authority about it.
韦伯斯特从不支持政府，因此无法以权威的方式谈论政府。
His words are wisdom to those legislators who contemplate no essential reform in the existing government; but for thinkers, and those who legislate for all time, he never once glances at the subject.
对于那些不考虑对现有政府进行重大改革的立法者来说，他的话是明智之举。但对于思想家和那些永远立法的人来说，他从来没有看过这个主题。
I know of those whose serene and wise speculations on this theme would soon reveal the limits of his mind’s range and hospitality.
我认识一些人，他们对这个主题的平静和明智的思考很快就会揭示出他的思想范围和热情的极限。
Yet, compared with the cheap professions of most reformers, and the still cheaper wisdom and eloquence of politicians in general, his are almost the only sensible and valuable words, and we thank Heaven for him.
然而，与大多数改革者廉价的职业相比，与一般政治家更廉价的智慧和雄辩相比，他的话语几乎是唯一明智和有价值的话语，我们为他感谢上天。
Comparatively, he is always strong, original, and, above all, practical.
相比之下，他总是坚强、有创意，最重要的是，很务实。
Still his quality is not wisdom, but prudence.
然而他的品质不是智慧，而是谨慎。
The lawyer’s truth is not Truth, but consistency or a consistent expediency.
律师的真理不是真理，而是一致性或一致的权宜之计。
Truth is always in harmony with herself, and is not concerned chiefly to reveal the justice that may consist with wrong-doing.
真理总是与自身和谐一致，并且主要并不关心揭示与错误行为有关的正义。
He well deserves to be called, as he has been called, the Defender of the Constitution.
他非常值得被称为宪法的捍卫者。
There are really no blows to be given by him but defensive ones.
除了防守之外，他确实没有什么攻击可言。
He is not a leader, but a follower.
他不是领导者，而是追随者。
His leaders are the men of ’87.
他的领导人都是 87 年的人。
“I have never made an effort,” he says, “and never propose to make an effort; I have never countenanced an effort, and never mean to countenance an effort, to disturb the arrangement as originally made, by which the various States came into the Union.” Still thinking of the sanction which the Constitution gives to slavery, he says, “Because it was part of the original compact,—let it stand.” Notwithstanding his special acuteness and ability, he is unable to take a fact out of its merely political relations, and behold it as it lies absolutely to be disposed of by the intellect,—what, for instance, it behoves a man to do here in America today with regard to slavery, but ventures, or is driven, to make some such desperate answer as the following, while professing to speak absolutely, and as a private man,—from which what new and singular code of social duties might be inferred?—“The manner,” says he, “in which the governments of those States where slavery exists are to regulate it, is for their own consideration, under the responsibility to their constituents, to the general laws of propriety, humanity, and justice, and to God.
“我从来没有做出过努力，”他说，“也从来没有打算做出努力；我从来没有支持过，也从来没有打算支持过扰乱各州加入联邦的最初安排的努力。”他仍然在思考宪法对奴隶制的制裁，他说，“因为它是原始契约的一部分，所以就让它保留吧。”尽管他具有特殊的敏锐性和能力，但他无法从纯粹的政治关系中提取事实，并看到它绝对需要智力来处理，例如，今天在美国，一个人在奴隶制问题上应该做什么，但冒险或被迫做出如下绝望的回答，同时自称绝对地说，并且作为一个私人，从中可能产生什么新的和独特的社会责任准则他说，“存在奴隶制的国家政府管理奴隶制的方式是出于他们自己的考虑，对其选民负责，对礼法、人道和正义的一般法律以及上帝负责。
Associations formed elsewhere, springing from a feeling of humanity, or any other cause, have nothing whatever to do with it.
其他地方形成的协会，出于人性的感觉或任何其他原因，与此无关。
They have never received any encouragement from me and they never will.”
他们从来没有从我那里得到过任何鼓励，他们也永远不会。”
They who know of no purer sources of truth, who have traced up its stream no higher, stand, and wisely stand, by the Bible and the Constitution, and drink at it there with reverence and humanity; but they who behold where it comes trickling into this lake or that pool, gird up their loins once more, and continue their pilgrimage toward its fountain-head.
那些不知道任何更纯粹的真理来源的人，那些没有追寻更高的真理之流的人，都明智地站在《圣经》和《宪法》的一边，怀着崇敬和人道的态度畅饮它们；但那些看到水滴入这个湖或那个池子的人，会再次束紧腰，继续朝它的源头朝圣。
No man with a genius for legislation has appeared in America.
美国还没有出现过具有立法天才的人。
They are rare in the history of the world.
它们在世界历史上都是罕见的。
There are orators, politicians, and eloquent men, by the thousand; but the speaker has not yet opened his mouth to speak who is capable of settling the much-vexed questions of the day.
演说家、政治家和雄辩家数以千计；但发言者尚未开口说出谁有能力解决当今最棘手的问题。
We love eloquence for its own sake, and not for any truth which it may utter, or any heroism it may inspire.
我们热爱雄辩是因为雄辩本身，而不是因为它可能说出的任何真理，或者它可能激发的任何英雄主义。
Our legislators have not yet learned the comparative value of free-trade and of freedom, of union, and of rectitude, to a nation.
我们的立法者还没有了解自由贸易、自由、联盟和正直对一个国家的比较价值。
They have no genius or talent for comparatively humble questions of taxation and finance, commerce and manufactures and agriculture.
他们没有天才或才能来解决税收和金融、商业、制造业和农业等相对卑微的问题。
If we were left solely to the wordy wit of legislators in Congress for our guidance, uncorrected by the seasonable experience and the effectual complaints of the people, America would not long retain her rank among the nations.
如果我们仅仅依靠国会立法者的啰嗦机智来指导，而不通过及时的经验和人民有效的抱怨来纠正，美国将无法长期保持其在国家中的地位。
For eighteen hundred years, though perchance I have no right to say it, the New Testament has been written; yet where is the legislator who has wisdom and practical talent enough to avail himself of the light which it sheds on the science of legislation.
一千八百年来，虽然我可能没有权利这么说，新约已经写成；然而，立法者哪里有足够的智慧和实践才能来利用它对立法科学的启发呢？
The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to,—for I will cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even those who neither know nor can do so well,—is still an impure one: to be strictly just, it must have the sanction and consent of the governed.
政府的权威，即使是我愿意服从的权威——因为我会乐意服从那些知道并且能比我做得更好的人，在许多事情上甚至是那些既不知道也不能做得更好的人——仍然是一种不纯粹的权威：为了严格公正，它必须得到被统治者的认可和同意。
It can have no pure right over my person and property but what I concede to it.
除了我对它的让步之外，它对我的人身和财产没有纯粹的权利。
The progress from an absolute to a limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a true respect for the individual.
从绝对君主制到有限君主制、从有限君主制到民主制的进步，是真正尊重个人的进步。
Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to regard the individual as the basis of the empire.
就连中国哲学家也足够明智，将个人视为帝国的基础。
Is a democracy, such as we know it, the last improvement possible in government?
我们所知道的民主制度是政府最后可能的进步吗？
Is it not possible to take a step further towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man?
难道不能在承认和组织人权方面更进一步吗？
There will never be a really free and enlightened State, until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly.
永远不会有一个真正自由和开明的国家，除非国家承认个人是一种更高的、独立的力量，它自己的所有权力和权威都源自个人，并相应地对待他。
I please myself with imagining a State at last which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose, if a few were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all the duties of neighbors and fellow-men.
我高兴地想象一个国家最终能够公正地对待所有人，并像邻居一样尊重个人；如果有几个人远离它，不干涉它，也不被它拥抱，履行邻居和同胞的所有义务，它甚至不会认为它与它自己的宁静相抵触。
A State which bore this kind of fruit, and suffered it to drop off as fast as it ripened, would prepare the way for a still more perfect and glorious State, which also I have imagined, but not yet anywhere seen.
一个结出这种果实，并让它在成熟时迅速掉落的国家，将为一个更加完美和光荣的国家铺平道路，这也是我所想象的，但尚未在任何地方看到。