The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America

The United States Declaration of Independence was the first E-text released by Project Gutenberg, early in 1971.

美国独立宣言是古腾堡计划于 1971 年初发布的第一个电子文本。

The title was stored in an emailed instruction set which required a tape or diskpack be hand mounted for retrieval.

标题存储在通过电子邮件发送的指令集中，需要手动安装磁带或磁盘包才能检索。

The disk pack was the size of a large cake in a cake carrier, cost $1500, and contained 5 megabytes, of which this file took 1-2%.

该磁盘包大小相当于蛋糕托架中的一个大蛋糕，价值 1500 美元，包含 5 MB，该文件占其中的 1-2%。

Two tape backups were kept plus one on paper tape.

保留两份磁带备份以及一份纸带备份。

The 10,000 files we hope to have online by the end of 2001 should take about 1-2% of a comparably priced drive in 2001.

我们希望到 2001 年底在线存储的 10,000 个文件应该只占 2001 年同等价格驱动器的 1-2%。

This file was never copyrighted, Sharewared, etc., and is thus for all to use and copy in any manner they choose.

该文件从未受版权保护、共享软件等保护，因此可供所有人以他们选择的任何方式使用和复制。

Please feel free to make your own edition using this as a base.

请随意以此为基础制作您自己的版本。

In my research for creating this transcription of our first Etext, I have come across enough discrepancies [even within that official documentation provided by the United States] to conclude that even “facsimiles” of the Declaration of Independence are nary identical to the original, nor of other “facsimiles.” There is a plethora of variations in capitalizations, punctuation, and where names appear on the documents [which names I have left out].

在我为我们的第一份电子文本转录而进行的研究中，我发现了足够多的差异（即使在美国提供的官方文件中），因此我得出的结论是，即使是《独立宣言》的“传真本”也与原件不同，其他“传真本”也不同。大小写、标点符号以及名称在文档中出现的位置（我省略了其中的名称）存在大量变化。

The resulting document has several misspellings removed from those parchment “facsimiles” I used back in 1971, and which I should not be able to easily find at this time, including “Brittain.”

生成的文档删除了我 1971 年使用的羊皮纸“传真”中的几个拼写错误，但此时我应该无法轻松找到这些拼写错误，其中包括“Brittain”。

[JT, Apr 2005: “Brittish” is spelled as in the original.]

[JT，2005 年 4 月：“British”的拼写与原文相同。]

[RO, Aug 2025: Dr. Hart’s original fully-justified columns of text in the plain text version have been restored for the introduction.

[RO，2025 年 8 月：Hart 博士在纯文本版本中原始的完全合理的文本列已恢复用于介绍。

Minor text alterations were made to do so.]

为此对文本进行了少量修改。]

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Transcribers’ Notes

抄写员的笔记

All of the original Project Gutenberg Etexts from the 1970’s were produced in ALL CAPS, no lower case.

1970 年代的所有原始古腾堡项目电子文本均采用全部大写字母，没有小写字母。

The computers we used then didn’t have lower case at all.

我们当时使用的计算机根本没有小写字母。

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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

美利坚合众国独立宣言

IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776

1776 年 7 月 4 日国会

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

美利坚合众国十三国一致宣言

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

在人类事件的过程中，当一个民族有必要解散将他们与另一个民族联系在一起的政治束缚，并在地球列强中承担自然法则和自然之神赋予他们的独立而平等的地位时，对人类意见的体面尊重要求他们宣布促使他们分离的原因。

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.

我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，即人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们某些不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

为了确保这些权利，政府是在人类之间建立的，其正当权力来自被统治者的同意，每当任何形式的政府破坏这些目的时，人民都有权改变或废除它，并建立新的政府，以他们认为最有可能实现他们的安全和幸福的原则为基础，以这样的形式组织权力。

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

事实上，出于谨慎考虑，长期建立的政府不应因为轻微和短暂的原因而改变；因此，所有的经验都表明，当邪恶是可以忍受的时候，人类更愿意受苦，而不是通过废除他们所习惯的形式来纠正自己。

But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

但是，当一长串的滥用职权和篡夺行为，总是追求同一个目标，显示出一种在绝对专制主义下减少这些行为的设计时，他们的权利，他们的责任，就是推翻这样的政府，并为他们未来的安全提供新的警卫。

--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

——这就是这些殖民地的耐心忍受；现在，这就是迫使他们改变以前的政府制度的必要性。

The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.

现任大不列颠国王的历史是一部屡屡伤害和篡夺的历史，所有这些的直接目标都是在这些国家上建立绝对的暴政。

To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

为了证明这一点，让事实摆在一个坦诚的世界面前。

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

他拒绝批准对公共利益来说最有益、最必要的法律。

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

他禁止州长通过具有直接和紧迫重要性的法律，除非在获得他的同意之前暂停这些法律的实施；当他处于这种状态时，他就完全忽视了他们。

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

他拒绝通过其他为大片地区人民提供便利的法律，除非这些人放弃在立法机关中的代表权，这种权利对他们来说是不可估量的，只有暴君才害怕。

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

他在不寻常、不舒服且远离公共记录存放地的地方召集立法机构，其唯一目的是让他们厌倦遵守他的措施。

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

他多次解散众议院，以男子气概的坚定立场反对他侵犯人民权利的行为。

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

在此类解散之后，他很长一段时间拒绝促使其他人当选。由此，无法消灭的立法权已归还给广大人民以供行使；与此同时，国家仍然面临着来自外部入侵和内部动乱的所有危险。

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

他努力阻止这些州的人口增加；为此目的妨碍外国人入籍法；拒绝通过其他鼓励他们移民到这里的法案，并提高新的土地拨款条件。

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

他拒绝同意建立司法权力的法律，从而妨碍司法行政。

He has made judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

他让法官的任期、薪水数额和支付仅依赖于他的遗嘱。

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.

他设立了许多新的办公室，并派出大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，并吃掉他们的财产。

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

在和平时期，他未经我们立法机关的同意就在我们中间保留了常备军。

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.

他努力使军队独立于文职权力并凌驾于文职权力之上。

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended legislation:

他与其他人联合起来，将我们置于与我们的宪法无关、且未被我们的法律承认的管辖权之下；同意他们的假装立法行为：

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

为了在我们中间驻扎大量武装部队：

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

通过模拟审判保护他们免受对这些州居民犯下的任何谋杀的惩罚：

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

为了切断我们与世界各地的贸易：

For imposing taxes on us without our Consent:

未经我们同意向我们征税：

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

在许多情况下剥夺了我们享受陪审团审判的好处：

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

将我们运送到海外接受假装犯罪的审判：

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

废除邻近省份的英国法律自由体系，在其中建立一个专断政府，并扩大其边界，以便立即使其成为在这些殖民地引入同样绝对规则的典范和合适工具：

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

废除我们的宪章，废除我们最有价值的法律，并从根本上改变我们政府的形式：

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

暂停我们自己的立法机构，并宣布自己拥有在任何情况下为我们立法的权力。

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

他宣布我们脱离他的保护并向我们发动战争，从而放弃了这里的政府。

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

他掠夺了我们的海洋，蹂躏了我们的海岸，烧毁了我们的城镇，摧毁了我们人民的生活。

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy of the Head of a civilized nation.

他此时正在运送大批外国雇佣军来完成死亡、荒凉和暴政的工作，这些工作已经开始，其残酷和背信弃义的情况在最野蛮的时代几乎没有可比性，完全不配作为一个文明国家的元首。

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

他强迫我们在公海上被俘虏的同胞拿起武器反对他们的国家，成为他们朋友和弟兄的刽子手，或者死于他们的手中。

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

他在我们中间煽动国内叛乱，并竭力招致我们边境的居民，即无情的印度野蛮人，他们众所周知的战争规则是对所有年龄、性别和条件的无差别破坏。

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury.

在这些压迫的每一个阶段，我们都以最谦卑的方式请求赔偿：我们一再的请愿只能得到一再的伤害的回应。

A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free People.

一个王子的品格因此体现在每一个可能定义暴君的行为上，他不适合成为自由人民的统治者。

Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren.

我们也一直不想关注我们的英国弟兄。

We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.

我们不时警告他们，他们的立法机关试图对我们施加无理的管辖权。

We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.

我们已经提醒他们我们移民定居的情况。

We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.

我们呼吁他们天生的正义和宽宏大量，我们通过我们共同的亲属关系召唤他们否认这些篡夺行为，这将不可避免地中断我们的联系和通信。

They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.

他们也对正义和血缘的声音充耳不闻。

We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

因此，我们必须默许这种谴责我们分离的必要性，并像我们对待其他人类一样对待他们，战争中是敌人，和平中是朋友。

We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.

因此，我们，美利坚合众国的代表，在全体国会中，请求世界最高法官公正地表达我们的意图，以这些殖民地善良人民的名义和权威，庄严地公布和声明：这些联合殖民地是而且理应是自由和独立的国家；他们被免除对英国王室的所有效忠，他们与大不列颠国家之间的所有政治联系都应该而且应该完全解除；作为自由和独立的国家，他们有充分的权力发动战争，缔结和平，缔结联盟，建立商业，以及采取独立国家有权采取的所有其他行动和事情。

And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

为了支持本宣言，并坚定地依靠上帝的保护，我们相互保证我们的生命、我们的财富和我们神圣的荣誉。