America’s Rural Future: Olympic Peninsula site visits highlight locally led renewal, tribal sovereignty, and the impact of federal decisions in a remote coastal region
Economic Development Housing Municipal Government Placemaking Regional Inequality
经济发展 住房 市政府 场所营造 区域不平等
America’s Rural Future: Brookings-AEI Commission on U.S. Rural Prosperity held site visits and a field hearing on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula as part of its two-year, bipartisan effort to develop policy recommendations to strengthen rural communities nationwide.
美国农村的未来：布鲁金斯-AEI美国农村繁荣委员会在华盛顿奥林匹克半岛举行了实地考察和现场听证会，这是两党两年来制定政策建议以加强全国农村社区努力的一部分。
The Commission is co-chaired by former Senator Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND) and former Governor Chris Sununu (R-NH), with research led by Senior Fellows Tony Pipa (Brookings) and Brent Orrell (American Enterprise Institute).
该委员会由前参议员海蒂·海特坎普（民主党-新罕布什尔州）和前州长克里斯·苏努努（新罕布什尔州共和党）担任联合主席，研究由高级研究员托尼·皮帕（布鲁金斯学会）和布伦特·奥雷尔（美国企业研究所）领导。
The Commission encountered a region rebuilding after the decline of the once-dominant timber industry, pursuing a more durable economy anchored in sustainable forestry, maritime, and outdoor recreation industries alongside tribal-led entrepreneurialism.
委员会遇到了一个在曾经占主导地位的木材工业衰落后进行重建的地区，追求以可持续林业、海洋和户外休闲产业为基础的更持久的经济以及部落主导的创业精神。
That work proceeds within an extensive federal footprint across a geography where long distances, limited access, and overlapping federal, state, tribal, and local authorities increase the complexity of coordination and investment.
这项工作在联邦广泛的地理范围内进行，由于距离遥远、访问有限以及联邦、州、部落和地方当局的重叠，增加了协调和投资的复杂性。
Nevertheless, local leaders are collaborating across jurisdictional lines to pursue renewal on their own terms.
尽管如此，地方领导人正在跨管辖范围进行合作，以按照自己的方式寻求更新。
Over three days, the Commission met with tribal leaders, local government officials, port commissioners, utility managers, business owners, park staff, nonprofit leaders, and shipyard executives to examine how federal land ownership and power management, workforce pathways, and locally led development shape the region’s economy.
在三天的时间里，委员会会见了部落领袖、地方政府官员、港口专员、公用事业经理、企业主、公园工作人员、非营利组织领导人和造船厂高管，研究联邦土地所有权和权力管理、劳动力路径和当地主导的发展如何塑造该地区的经济。
In 2024, the North Olympic Peninsula Recompete Coalition received $35.6 million from the Economic Development Administration (EDA) , one of six awards made nationwide under ED A ’s Distressed Area Recompete Pilot Program .
2024 年，北奥林匹克半岛复赛联盟从经济发展管理局 (EDA) 获得了 3560 万美元，这是 EDA 贫困地区复赛试点计划在全国范围内颁发的六项奖项之一。
1 The award brings together Clallam and Jefferson counties and five tribal nations linked by shared economic challenges, with the goal of connecting more residents to local jobs and strengthening the region’s timber, maritime, and natural-resource industries.
1 该奖项汇集了克拉勒姆县和杰斐逊县以及因共同经济挑战而相连的五个部落国家，其目标是为更多居民提供当地就业机会，并加强该地区的木材、海事和自然资源行业。
Clallam County Commissioner Mike French and Karen Affeld of the North Olympic Peninsula Resource Conservation & Development Council described the coalition’s early progress, noting the importance of making investments in the capacity needed to translate planning into measurable progress on workforce development, job placement, and job creation.
克拉勒姆县专员迈克·弗伦奇 (Mike French) 和北奥林匹克半岛资源保护与发展委员会的凯伦·阿菲尔德 (Karen Affeld) 描述了该联盟的早期进展，并指出对所需能力进行投资的重要性，以将规划转化为劳动力发展、就业安置和创造就业方面可衡量的进展。
Projects so far include work associated with the Hoh Tribe’s relocation to higher ground, disaster-assistance planning for the town of Brinnon , and partnerships that support advanced timber manufacturing .
迄今为止的项目包括与 Hoh 部落搬迁到地势较高的地区相关的工作、布林农镇的救灾规划以及支持先进木材制造的合作伙伴关系。
Acknowledging that this capacity and these efforts must continue past the grant, the coalition has begun a “Beyond Recompete” discussion about sustaining the work after the five-year award ends.
认识到这种能力和这些努力必须在拨款结束后继续下去，联盟已经开始了关于在五年拨款结束后维持这项工作的“超越重新竞争”讨论。
Speakers at the opening panel of the site visits on local government and regional coordination.
现场访问开幕小组的发言者就当地政府和区域协调问题进行了实地考察。
From l eft: Steve Tharinger of the Washington State Legislature, Jefferson County Commissioner Heidi Eisenhour, Clallam County Commissioner Mark Ozias, and Tony Pipa.
左起：华盛顿州立法机关的史蒂夫·塔林格、杰斐逊县专员海蒂·艾森豪尔、克拉勒姆县专员马克·奥齐亚斯和托尼·皮帕。
Frances Charles, former c hairwoman of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, addresses the Commission on its arrival in Port Angeles, as Tony Pipa looks on.
下埃尔瓦克拉勒姆部落前任主席弗朗西斯·查尔斯 (Frances Charles) 在委员会抵达安吉利斯港时发表讲话，托尼·皮帕 (Tony Pipa) 在一旁观看。
Colleen McAleer (Port of Port Angeles; Clallam County Economic Development Council) addresses the Commission during a bus tour of Port Angeles.
Colleen McAleer（安吉利斯港港、克拉勒姆县经济发展委员会）在乘巴士游览安吉利斯港期间向委员会发表讲话。
Photo: Pioneer Productions for Brookings.
照片：布鲁金斯学会先锋制作。
A roundtable with tribal leaders in Forks underscored the importance of tribal sovereignty, which gives their constituencies different legal standing in their interactions with the federal government than state or rural municipal governments.
福克斯部落领袖举行的圆桌会议强调了部落主权的重要性，部落主权赋予其选区在与联邦政府互动时与州或农村市政府不同的法律地位。
Tribal l eaders described entrepreneurial economic development strategies and initiatives to strengthen the resilience of their communities .
部落领袖描述了企业经济发展战略和增强社区复原力的举措。
Speakers noted that f ederal programs often have funding rules and reporting requirements designed for other jurisdictions , requiring t ribal nations to conform to rules built for others , and that they are often faced with accessing limited funding pools that force neighboring tribes to compete .
发言者指出，联邦计划通常有为其他司法管辖区设计的资助规则和报告要求，要求部落国家遵守为其他国家制定的规则，而且他们经常面临获得有限资金池的问题，迫使邻近部落进行竞争。
And while s peakers described Washi ngton’s state-tribal relationships as comparatively strong, they stressed that such coordination with the state does not replace direct federal engagement grounded in tribal sovereignty .
尽管发言人称华盛顿州与部落的关系相对牢固，但他们强调，与州的这种协调并不能取代基于部落主权的联邦直接参与。
From left to right : Hawk Grinnell (Economic Development Director , Jamestown S’Klallam), Loni Grinnell- Greninger ( Vice-Chairwoman, Jamestown S’Klallam) , Rio Jaime ( Chairman , Quileute Tribe), Chas Woodruff (Vice-Chairman, Quileute Tribe), and Darlene Hollum (Chairwoman, Hoh Tribe).
从左到右：Hawk Grinnell（詹姆斯敦 S'Klallam 经济发展总监）、Loni Grinnell-Greninger（詹姆斯敦 S'Klallam 副主席）、Rio Jaime（Quileute 部落主席）、Chas Woodruff（Quileute 部落副主席）和 Darlene Hollum（Hoh 部落主席）。
Jamestown S’Klallam Vice-Chairwoman Loni Grinnell-Greninger traced her tribe’s modern land base to 1 7 families who purchased 210 acres in 1874 after the Point No Point Treaty and pressure to relocate .
詹姆斯敦 S’Klallam 副主席 Loni Grinnell-Greninger 追溯了她部落的现代土地基础，追溯到 17 个家庭，他们在《Point No Point 条约》和搬迁压力后于 1874 年购买了 210 英亩土地。
Jamestown S’Klallam E conomic D evelopment D irector Hawk Grinnell explained how tribal enterprises generate revenue for governmental responsibilities that municipalities typically finance through taxation.
詹姆斯敦 S’Klallam 经济发展总监霍克·格林内尔 (Hawk Grinnell) 解释了部落企业如何为政府责任创造收入，而市政当局通常通过税收提供资金。
Commission members listen during the site visit.
委员会成员在实地考察期间聆听。
From left: Keith Humphreys, Xochitl Torres Small, Charlie Cotherman, and Phil Chow.
左起：Keith Humphreys、Xochitl Torres Small、Charlie Cotherman 和 Phil Chow。
The federal footprint on the Peninsula is a major driver of the local economy while also creating additional jurisdictional complexity.
联邦在半岛的足迹是当地经济的主要驱动力，同时也造成了额外的司法复杂性。
Forest Service and National Park Service decisions shape the natural-resource and tourism economies, while Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) decisions affect the cost and reliability of electricity.
林务局和国家公园管理局的决策影响自然资源和旅游经济，而邦纳维尔电力管理局 (BPA) 的决策则影响电力成本和可靠性。
On timber, speakers noted that ownership on the Peninsula is a patchwork of federal, private, tribal, and county holdings, with Forest Service and Park Service decisions rippling across it.
关于木材，发言者指出，半岛的所有权是联邦、私人、部落和县所有权的拼凑而成，林业局和公园管理局的决策在整个半岛上产生影响。
That interdependence sits atop a history of tension from the timber wars of the 1990s, when logging on federal land was cut sharply to protect the old-growth habitat of the northern spotted owl.
这种相互依存源于 20 世纪 90 年代木材战争的紧张历史，当时联邦土地上的伐木活动被大幅削减，以保护北方斑点猫头鹰的原始栖息地。
The ramifications of that period still shape how parties approach one another today, even as timber operators, landowners and managers, tribes, environmental groups, local governments, and research institutions seek to advance sustainable forest-management practices grounded in evidence.
尽管木材经营者、土地所有者和管理者、部落、环保组织、地方政府和研究机构寻求推进基于证据的可持续森林管理实践，但那个时期的影响仍然影响着今天各方如何相处。
Outdoor recreation presents a different trade-off.
户外休闲则呈现出不同的权衡。
With tourism spending across the Olympic Peninsula topping $1 billion in 2025, participants highlighted the challenge of managing demand across seasons and destinations while maintaining the infrastructure required by heavy visitation.
到 2025 年，奥林匹克半岛的旅游支出将突破 10 亿美元，与会者强调了管理跨季节和目的地的需求，同时维护大量游客所需的基础设施所面临的挑战。
Creating quality jobs and building local wealth are also major considerations.
创造优质就业机会和积累当地财富也是主要考虑因素。
Speakers stressed that coordination between park management, the visitor bureau, and local businesses was the means for managing changes in access or shifts in demand.
发言者强调，公园管理部门、游客局和当地企业之间的协调是管理准入变化或需求变化的手段。
Panelists at the outdoor recreation and tourism session, held at Lake Crescent.
小组成员参加在新月湖举行的户外休闲和旅游会议。
From left: Tony Pipa (Brookings), Tommy Farris of Olympic Hiking Co., Olympic National Park Superintendent Sula Jacobs, Marsha Massey of the Olympic Peninsula Visitor Bureau, and Crystie Kisler of the Jefferson Community Foundation and Finnriver Farm & Cidery.
左起：托尼·皮帕（布鲁金斯学会）、奥林匹克远足公司的汤米·法里斯、奥林匹克国家公园主管苏拉·雅各布斯、奥林匹克半岛游客局的玛莎·梅西以及杰斐逊社区基金会和 Finnriver Farm & Cidery 的克里斯蒂·基斯勒。
Marsha Massey of the Olympic Peninsula Visitor Bureau described how Olympic National Park coordinates with local tourism businesses.
奥林匹克半岛游客局的玛莎·马西 (Marsha Massey) 介绍了奥林匹克国家公园如何与当地旅游企业协调。
Tommy Farris of Olympic Hiking Co. spoke to the challenge of a visitor economy that peaks in summer and thins in the shoulder seasons, and the shared push to draw travelers across all four.
奥林匹克远足公司的汤米·法里斯 (Tommy Farris) 谈到了游客经济在夏季达到顶峰、在平季淡季所面临的挑战，以及吸引四个国家游客的共同努力。
Timber panelists on forest management and the rural economy.
关于森林管理和农村经济的木材小组成员。
From left: Bernard Bormann (UW Olympic Natural Resources Center), Bill Hermann (Hermann Bros.), and John McDougall (Sierra Pacific Industries).
从左至右：Bernard Bormann（华盛顿大学奥林匹克自然资源中心）、Bill Hermann（赫尔曼兄弟）和 John McDougall（Sierra Pacific Industries）。
On energy , discussions outlined the economic consequences of an unreliable power grid .
在能源方面，讨论概述了电网不可靠的经济后果。
Prolonged winter outages have become common enough that residents plan around them.
冬季长时间停电已变得司空见惯，居民们纷纷制定计划。
Utility representatives described a system constrained by trees, difficult terrain, long service distances, and a small rate base , which makes major upgrades difficult to finance .
公用事业代表描述了该系统受到树木、地形复杂、服务距离长和费率基数小的限制，这使得重大升级难以融资。
Participants also noted that BPA , the federal agency that distributes power across the region, operates under federal rather than state regulation.
与会者还指出，BPA 作为在该地区分配权力的联邦机构，在联邦而非州监管下运作。
In response, p anelists raised the prospect of microgrids and local generation but stressed that these measures cannot substitute for the capital and federal coordination needed to modernize the regional system .
作为回应，小组成员提出了微电网和本地发电的前景，但强调这些措施不能取代区域系统现代化所需的资本和联邦协调。
The public panel at Peninsula College brought together local leaders to discuss the Peninsula’s shift from its historical timber-based economy toward maritime trades, outdoor recreation, and natural-resource industries, as well as the workforce challenges of making the transition durable.
半岛学院的公共小组聚集了当地领导人，讨论半岛从历史上以木材为基础的经济向海上贸易、户外休闲和自然资源产业的转变，以及使这种转变持久的劳动力挑战。
Panelists also highlighted limited housing availability and affordability as compounding factors in the workforce gap.
小组成员还强调有限的住房供应和负担能力是劳动力缺口的复杂因素。
Speakers also noted how metropolitan-oriented housing and employment policies can leave small communities less able to serve their own residents.
发言者还指出，以大都市为导向的住房和就业政策可能会导致小社区无法为其居民提供服务。
Discussion of the region’s maritime economy pointed to the growing opportunities at the ports.
关于该地区海洋经济的讨论指出了港口不断增长的机会。
P articipants noted, though, that technical certification alone does not fully prepare workers for the actual intricacies of shipyard work, and pointed to the value of in-house training and formal apprenticeships, which remain limited on the Peninsula.
不过，与会者指出，仅靠技术认证并不能让工人充分准备好应对造船厂的实际复杂工作，并指出内部培训和正式学徒培训的价值，而这些在半岛仍然有限。
Such dynamics highlight the importance of continued collaboration and partnership between employers and training providers to meet local job opportunities.
这种动态凸显了雇主和培训提供者之间持续合作和伙伴关系对于满足当地就业机会的重要性。