Latino communities are shaping Michigan’s future

Demographics & Population Economic Security & Mobility Immigrants & Immigration Race in Public Policy

人口统计与人口 经济安全与流动 移民与公共政策中的移民竞赛

Latino communities are an increasingly important part of Michigan’s future.

拉丁裔社区是密歇根州未来日益重要的一部分。

While Latinos make up a smaller share of Michigan’s population than they do nationally, their numbers have increased rapidly over the past decade, expanding their presence in communities across the state.

虽然拉丁裔在密歇根州人口中所占的比例比全国人口少，但他们的人数在过去十年中迅速增加，扩大了他们在全州社区的影响力。

From Detroit and Grand Rapids to Holland and rural communities across western Michigan, Latino families are putting down roots and helping shape the state’s demographic and economic future.

从底特律和大急流城到荷兰和密歇根州西部的农村社区，拉丁裔家庭正在扎根并帮助塑造该州的人口和经济未来。

These demographic shifts matter for more than just population trends.

这些人口变化不仅仅影响人口趋势。

As Michigan confronts an aging population, workforce needs, and broader economic change, the well-being and economic mobility of Latino communities will be increasingly critical for the state’s long-term growth and competitiveness.

随着密歇根州面临人口老龄化、劳动力需求和更广泛的经济变革，拉丁裔社区的福祉和经济流动性对于该州的长期增长和竞争力将变得越来越重要。

At the same time, growth does not automatically translate into broad-based opportunity.

与此同时，增长并不会自动转化为广泛的机会。

Many Latino communities continue to face challenges and barriers related to income, housing, education, health access, and environmental conditions that can constrain economic mobility and quality of life.

许多拉丁裔社区继续面临与收入、住房、教育、医疗服务和环境条件相关的挑战和障碍，这些挑战和障碍可能限制经济流动性和生活质量。

Latino communities have been part of Michigan’s economy and civic fabric for generations, with roots in agriculture , manufacturing , and transportation .

几代人以来，拉丁裔社区一直是密歇根州经济和公民结构的一部分，植根于农业、制造业和交通运输业。

What is changing today is the scale and geographic reach of these communities and their importance to Michigan’s future.

今天正在发生的变化是这些社区的规模和地理范围及其对密歇根未来的重要性。

This report examines how Latino communities across Michigan are faring across key dimensions of well-being, including economic opportunity, education, housing, health, environmental conditions, and entrepreneurship.

本报告探讨了密歇根州拉丁裔社区在福祉关键方面的表现，包括经济机会、教育、住房、健康、环境条件和创业​​精神。

It also identifies opportunities to ensure that Michigan’s growth translates into greater economic security and prosperity for Latino families and the state as a whole.

它还确定了确保密歇根州的增长转化为拉丁裔家庭和整个州更大的经济安全和繁荣的机会。

Michigan’s Latino population has grown considerably over the past decade and is becoming increasingly visible across the state.

密歇根州的拉丁裔人口在过去十年中大幅增长，并且在全州范围内变得越来越明显。

According to the 2024 American Community Survey (ACS), nearly 600,000 Michiganders are Latino, representing 5.9% of the statewide population (Figure 1).

根据 2024 年美国社区调查 (ACS)，近 60 万密歇根人是拉丁裔，占全州人口的 5.9%（图 1）。

While Latinos make up a smaller share of Michigan’s population than they do nationally, they are among the fastest-growing demographic groups in the state.

虽然拉丁裔在密歇根州人口中所占的比例比全国人口少，但他们是该州人口增长最快的群体之一。

Michigan’s Latino population is concentrated in the state’s largest urban centers (including Detroit and Grand Rapids), while also maintaining a strong presence in suburban and rural communities.

密歇根州的拉丁裔人口集中在该州最大的城市中心（包括底特律和大急流城），同时在郊区和农村社区也保持着强大的影响力。

According to the ACS , Detroit is home to more than 53,000 Latino residents, and Grand Rapids is home to more than 32,000.

据 ACS 称，底特律有超过 53,000 名拉丁裔居民，大急流城有超过 32,000 名拉丁裔居民。

At the same time, communities such as Holland and Oceana County have Latino population shares that far exceed the statewide average.

与此同时，荷兰和奥希纳县等社区的拉丁裔人口比例远远超过全州平均水平。

Many of these communities also have younger populations, higher shares of foreign-born residents, and faster rates of population growth than Michigan overall.

其中许多社区的人口更年轻，外国出生的居民比例更高，人口增长率也比密歇根州整体更快。

These findings are consistent with previous research showing that Michigan’s Latino population is distributed across both metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties.

这些发现与之前的研究一致，表明密歇根州的拉丁裔人口分布在大都市和非大都市县。

Wayne, Kent, and Oakland counties are home to the state’s largest Latino populations by number of residents, while Oceana, Van Buren, Kent, Ottawa, and Lake counties have some of the highest Latino population shares.

按居民数量计算，韦恩县、肯特县和奥克兰县是该州拉丁裔人口最多的县，而奥希纳县、范布伦县、肯特县、渥太华县和莱克县的拉丁裔人口比例最高。

Together, these patterns demonstrate that Latino communities are helping shape Michigan’s urban, suburban, and rural regions.

这些模式共同表明，拉丁裔社区正在帮助塑造密歇根州的城市、郊区和农村地区。

Although Latinos are often discussed as a newer population in Michigan, these communities have deep roots in the state stretching back more than a century.

尽管拉丁裔经常被视为密歇根州的新人口，但这些社区在该州的根基可以追溯到一个多世纪前。

Historians trace the first significant Mexican migration to Michigan to around 1915, when workers from Texas and Mexico were recruited to labor in the state’s expanding sugar beet industry.

历史学家将墨西哥第一次大规模移民密歇根州追溯到 1915 年左右，当时来自德克萨斯州和墨西哥的工人被招募到该州不断扩张的甜菜产业中工作。

Others found employment on the railroads and, over time, in Michigan’s growing manufacturing sector.

其他人在铁路上找到了工作，随着时间的推移，在密歇根不断发展的制造业中找到了工作。

During the 1910s and 1920s, Latino communities became established in places such as Detroit, Saginaw, Grand Rapids, and other parts of the state.

1910 年代和 1920 年代，拉丁裔社区在底特律、萨吉诺、大急流城和该州其他地区建立。

Many workers initially migrated seasonally, moving between agricultural work and industrial employment as opportunities changed.

许多工人最初是季节性迁移，随着机会的变化在农业工作和工业就业之间流动。

Over time, increasing numbers of families settled permanently, establishing churches, mutual aid societies, businesses, and other community institutions that strengthened community life across Michigan.

随着时间的推移，越来越多的家庭永久定居，建立了教堂、互助协会、企业和其他社区机构，加强了密歇根州的社区生活。

Like many immigrant communities, Michigan’s Latino population experienced significant hardship during the Great Depression .

与许多移民社区一样，密歇根州的拉丁裔人口在大萧条期间经历了巨大的困难。

Economic collapse, discrimination, and repatriation campaigns led thousands of Mexican residents to leave the state, disrupting communities that had already taken root.

经济崩溃、歧视和遣返运动导致数千名墨西哥居民离开该州，扰乱了已经扎根的社区。

Despite these setbacks, many families remained or later returned, rebuilding their communities as labor demand increased during and after World War II.

尽管遇到这些挫折，许多家庭仍然留下来或后来返回，随着二战期间和战后劳动力需求的增加重建他们的社区。

The postwar decades initiated another important chapter in Michigan’s Latino history.

战后几十年开启了密歇根拉丁裔历史的又一个重要篇章。

The Bracero Program and other labor recruitment efforts expanded Mexican migration to the state, while Puerto Rican migration also increased as workers were recruited for Michigan’s agricultural and industrial sectors.

Bracero 计划和其他劳动力招聘工作扩大了墨西哥人向该州的移民，而波多黎各人的移民也随着密歇根州农业和工业部门招募工人而增加。

In communities such as Grand Rapids and across western Michigan , many Latino families moved between seasonal agricultural work and year-round manufacturing jobs, creating communities that bridged both rural and urban economies.

在大急流城和密歇根州西部等社区，许多拉丁裔家庭在季节性农业工作和全年制造业工作之间流动，创建了连接农村和城市经济的社区。

By the 1960s and 1970s, Latino communities had become well established across Michigan.

到 20 世纪 60 年代和 1970 年代，拉丁裔社区已在密歇根州各地建立起来。

Organizations such as mutual aid societies and grassroots community organizations helped families access housing, employment, and social services, while also advocating for migrant workers and expanding educational and economic opportunities.

互助会和基层社区组织等组织帮助家庭获得住房、就业和社会服务，同时也为农民工提供支持并扩大教育和经济机会。

Neighborhoods such as Detroit’s Mexicantown , Grand Rapids’ Roosevelt Park , and Adrian’s Sunnyside became enduring centers of community life, reflecting the growing permanence of Latino communities across both Michigan’s largest cities and its smaller industrial and agricultural communities.

底特律的墨西哥城、大急流城的罗斯福公园和阿德里安的桑尼赛德等社区成为持久的社区生活中心，反映出密歇根州最大的城市及其较小的工业和农业社区中拉丁裔社区的持久性不断增强。

Today, these communities reflect more than a century of Latino history in Michigan and provide an important foundation for understanding the demographic and economic changes underway across the state.

如今，这些社区反映了密歇根州一个多世纪的拉丁裔历史，并为了解全州正在发生的人口和经济变化提供了重要基础。

Latino workers are a growing part of Michigan’s labor force, with particularly large numbers working in manufacturing, leisure and hospitality, education and health services, and professional and service occupations.

拉丁裔工人在密歇根州劳动力中的比例不断增长，其中特别多的人从事制造业、休闲和酒店业、教育和医疗服务以及专业和服务行业。

As Michigan’s workforce ages , this growing labor force can help employers meet workforce needs across the state.

随着密歇根州劳动力老龄化，不断增长的劳动力可以帮助雇主满足全州的劳动力需求。

Yet strong economic participation has not always translated into economic security.

然而，强有力的经济参与并不总能转化为经济安全。

According to 2024 ACS data, majority-Latino neighborhoods experience poverty rates nearly three times higher than the statewide average, and unemployment rates are nearly twice as high (Figure 1).

根据 2024 年 ACS 数据，以拉丁裔为主的社区的贫困率比全州平均水平高出近三倍，失业率也高出近两倍（图 1）。

Despite lower unemployment levels than observed statewide, communities with a plurality of Latino residents still experience elevated poverty rates.

尽管失业率低于全州范围内观察到的失业率，但拥有大量拉丁裔居民的社区的贫困率仍然较高。

Housing affordability also remains a challenge.

住房负担能力也仍然是一个挑战。

Rent burden rates—defined as households spending at least 30% of their income on housing—are higher in many Latino communities than statewide averages.

许多拉丁裔社区的租金负担率（定义为家庭将至少 30% 的收入用于住房）高于全州平均水平。

Lower median household incomes, lower homeownership rates, and lower median home values further limit opportunities for families to build wealth over time.

较低的家庭收入中位数、较低的住房拥有率和较低的房屋价值中位数进一步限制了家庭随着时间的推移积累财富的机会。

In many majority-Latino communities, median home values are roughly half the statewide median.

在许多拉丁裔人口占多数的社区，房价中位数大约是全州中位数的一半。

These gaps are especially relevant as new investment creates the potential for jobs, business development, housing, and wealth creation in communities across Michigan.

这些差距尤其重要，因为新的投资为密歇根州各地的社区创造了就业、商业发展、住房和财富创造的潜力。

In Detroit, for example, recent Brookings research has documented a significant wave of public and private investment and its potential to benefit existing residents.

例如，在底特律，布鲁金斯学会最近的研究记录了公共和私人投资的巨大浪潮及其造福现有居民的潜力。

Connecting Latino workers, entrepreneurs, and families to the economic activity these investments generate can strengthen economic mobility and help ensure they benefit from Detroit’s resurgence.

将拉丁裔工人、企业家和家庭与这些投资产生的经济活动联系起来可以增强经济流动性，并有助于确保他们从底特律的复兴中受益。

Michigan’s Latino population is significantly younger than the state overall (Table 1), making educational opportunity central to both individual economic mobility and the state’s long-term economic competitiveness.

密歇根州的拉丁裔人口明显年轻于该州整体人口（表 1），这使得教育机会对于个人经济流动性和该州的长期经济竞争力至关重要。

As Michigan’s workforce ages and employers seek the next generation of workers, Latino youth will play an increasingly important role in filling labor needs, strengthening communities, and driving the state’s future economy.

随着密歇根州劳动力老龄化和雇主寻找下一代工人，拉丁裔青年将在满足劳动力需求、加强社区和推动该州未来经济方面发挥越来越重要的作用。