Tracking the labor market and jobs

Monitoring the labor market is critical for understanding the state of the economy.

监测劳动力市场对于了解经济状况至关重要。

Building on The Hamilton Project’s prior work documenting and explaining various aspects of the labor market , the data interactive “Tracking the labor market and jobs” allows users to explore these trends.

基于汉密尔顿项目之前记录和解释劳动力市场各个方面的工作，数据交互式“跟踪劳动力市场和就业”允许用户探索这些趋势。

Users can track labor force participation, employment, and unemployment among other indicators by demographic groups: sex, age, race/ethnicity, nativity, education, age of youngest child, and disability status, with and without seasonal adjustment for select series about workers.

用户可以按人口群体跟踪劳动力参与、就业和失业等指标：性别、年龄、种族/民族、出生、教育、最小孩子的年龄和残疾状况，以及对有关工人的精选系列进行或不进行季节性调整。

Users can also track measures of job demand, separations, and labor market tightness by industry, state, and firm size.

用户还可以按行业、州和公司规模跟踪工作需求、离职和劳动力市场紧张程度。

This tool will update twice monthly with the releases of the Current Population Survey (CPS) microdata to IPUMS (these data are harmonized over time and are released mid-month) and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (first week of the month).

该工具将每月更新两次，向 IPUMS 发布当前人口调查 (CPS) 微观数据（这些数据随着时间的推移进行协调并在月中发布）以及来自劳工统计局的职位空缺和劳动力流动调查 (JOLTS) 数据（每月第一周）。

Upon the initial loading of the page, users will see one open panel titled “Worker and labor market indicators” (CPS) and one closed panel titled “Firm and job indicators” (JOLTS).

首次加载页面后，用户将看到一个名为“工人和劳动力市场指标”(CPS) 的开放面板和一个名为“企业和就业指标”(JOLTS) 的封闭面板。

Users can toggle between each panel to view separately or simultaneously.

用户可以在每个面板之间切换以单独或同时查看。

At the top of each panel, users first select one labor market indicator:

在每个面板的顶部，用户首先选择一个劳动力市场指标：

We use BLS definitions for the labor market indicators; more information on definitions can be found here for CPS indicators and here for JOLTS indicators.

我们使用劳工统计局对劳动力市场指标的定义；有关定义的更多信息，请参阅此处的 CPS 指标和此处的 JOLTS 指标。

If no demographics are selected, users will see the employment statistics for the prime-age non-institutionalized civilian population.

如果未选择人口统计数据，用户将看到壮年非制度化平民人口的就业统计数据。

Users can select to view employment indicators for sex (“male,” “female,” and “all”).

用户可以选择查看性别（“男性”、“女性”和“全部”）的就业指标。

Users may select one age group among all individuals 16+, ages 16–24 (youth), 25–54 (prime-age), 55–64, 18–64, and 65+.

用户可以在 16 岁以上、16-24 岁（青年）、25-54 岁（壮年）、55-64 岁、18-64 岁和 65 岁以上的所有个人中选择一个年龄组。

Youth and prime-age can be further separated out into 16–19, 19–24, 25–34, 35–44, and 45–54.

青少年和壮年年龄可进一步分为 16-19 岁、19-24 岁、25-34 岁、35-44 岁和 45-54 岁。

After selecting sex and age, users can select up to two additional demographic characteristics:

选择性别和年龄后，用户最多可以选择两个额外的人口统计特征：

Once selected, the data interactive will show a secondary menu below the chart that allows users to select or unselect which series to display.

选择后，数据交互将在图表下方显示二级菜单，允许用户选择或取消选择要显示的系列。

The screenshot below shows “Age of youngest child” as an example.

下面的屏幕截图以“最小孩子的年龄”为例。

After selecting sex and age, selecting two demographic characteristics produces cross-tabulated statistics for the series of those demographics among the age-sex group.

选择性别和年龄后，选择两个人口统计特征将为年龄-性别组中的一系列人口统计数据生成交叉表统计数据。

The order in which a user selects the two demographic characteristics determines the structure of the secondary menu.

用户选择两个人口统计特征的顺序决定了二级菜单的结构。

For example, selecting “Age of youngest child” and “Nativity status” will nest the series selectors for “Nativity status” within each level of “Age of youngest child.”

例如，选择“最小孩子的年龄”和“出生状态”会将“出生状态”的系列选择器嵌套在“最小孩子的年龄”的每个级别中。

Flipping the order of the same indicators will nest the series of “Age of youngest child” within the levels of “Nativity status.” In addition to the real series (e.g. “Under 5,” “5–12,” etc.), users can select “All” for the second demographic to see aggregates by the first demographic.

翻转相同指标的顺序会将“最小孩子的年龄”系列嵌套在“出生状态”的级别中。除了真实系列（例如“5 岁以下”、“5-12 岁”等）之外，用户还可以为第二个受众群体选择“全部”，以查看第一个受众群体的聚合数据。

The screenshot below compares the labor force participation rate of all native-born women and native-born women with a child under 5 years old to their foreign-born counterparts.

下面的屏幕截图比较了所有本土出生女性和拥有 5 岁以下孩子的本土出生女性与外国出生女性的劳动力参与率。

Users can choose to disaggregate topline JOLTS statistics by industry, state, and firm size.

用户可以选择按行业、州和公司规模分解顶线 JOLTS 统计数据。

The availability of different states and firm sizes depends on the selected statistics and industry.

不同州和公司规模的可用性取决于所选的统计数据和行业。

For example, all states are available for total non-farm, but not total private; and all firm sizes are available for total private but not total non-farm.

例如，所有州都可用于完全非农业，但不可用于完全私人；所有规模的企业都适用于完全私营企业，但不适用于完全非农业企业。

The state and firm size dropdowns update automatically after statistic and industry selections.

州和公司规模下拉列表会在统计数据和行业选择后自动更新。

Selecting a new industry or statistic may reset the state and firm size dropdowns to available selections.

选择新行业或统计数据可能会将州和公司规模下拉列表重置为可用选项。

Given the availability of state and industry subcategories, users may select multiple categories for cross-industry, cross-state comparisons.

鉴于州和行业子类别的可用性，用户可以选择多个类别进行跨行业、跨州比较。

Users can further customize the display of the selected labor market indicator by adjusting the time range (changing the start date) or, for CPS data, selecting seasonal adjustment or a 12-month moving average to smooth series.

用户可以通过调整时间范围（更改开始日期）来进一步自定义所选劳动力市场指标的显示，或者对于 CPS 数据，选择季节调整或 12 个月移动平均值来平滑序列。

All JOLTS data in this tracker is seasonally adjusted.

该跟踪器中的所有 JOLTS 数据均经过季节性调整。

For CPS data, solid lines represent the smoothed series, and dotted lines represent the underlying monthly data, which will always be displayed.

对于 CPS 数据，实线代表平滑后的序列，虚线代表基础月度数据，该数据将始终显示。

Seasonal adjustment is performed using the Census Bureau’s X-13 ARIMA model and is available for the prime-age sex-age groups as wholes or when disaggregated by only one additional demographic.

季节调整是使用人口普查局的 X-13 ARIMA 模型进行的，适用于整个壮年性别年龄组或仅按一个额外人口分类时。

Users may not select both seasonal adjustment and the moving average.

用户不能同时选择季节性调整和移动平均线。

Users can export the data or image with the download buttons at the bottom of each panel’s main display.

用户可以使用每个面板主显示屏底部的下载按钮导出数据或图像。

Data exports are limited to the currently filtered series.

数据导出仅限于当前过滤的系列。

The reset button on each panel will reset all selections to the default: prime-age labor force participation for “Worker and labor market indicators,” and the national total non-farm hires rate for “Firm and job indicators.”

每个面板上的重置按钮会将所有选择重置为默认值：“工人和劳动力市场指标”的壮年劳动力参与率，以及“企业和就业指标”的全国非农总雇用率。