Shooting for the Camera

The Jackal: The Rise and Fall of Carlos, the World’s First Super-Terrorist by Joby Warrick; Scribner, 384 pp., $30

乔比·沃里克（Joby Warrick）的《豺狼：世界上第一个超级恐怖分子卡洛斯的兴衰》；斯克里布纳，384 页，30 美元

Even in the celebrity-mad 1970s and ’80s, the global mononym club was minuscule.

即使在名人狂热的 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，全球单名俱乐部也微不足道。

Cher.

雪儿。

Diana.

戴安娜.

Madonna.

麦当娜。

Pelé.

贝利。

Sting.

蜇。

And Carlos, the terrorist who captured an entire 1975 conference of oil ministers.

还有卡洛斯，一名恐怖分子，他占领了整个 1975 年石油部长会议。

He’d originally wanted to kidnap a bin Laden family member for big cash—preferably the 17-year-old Osama—but backers such as Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi chose Plan B.

他最初想绑架本拉登家族成员以获取大笔现金——最好是 17 岁的奥萨马——但利比亚领导人穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲等支持者选择了 B 计划。

Carlos led a six-man team into OPEC’s Vienna headquarters, killed three people, made the Austrian government broadcast statements on Palestinian rights, then forced 33 hostages onto a DC-9.

卡洛斯率领六人小组闯入欧佩克维也纳总部，杀死了三人，让奥地利政府广播了有关巴勒斯坦权利的声明，然后将 33 名人质强行带上一架 DC-9。

Mission complete, he vanished.

任务完成后，他就消失了。

Escapes were his trademark, like shooting victims at close range and leaving his face uncovered.

逃跑是他的标志，比如近距离射击受害者并不遮盖自己的脸。

As journalist Joby Warrick writes, “Maximum exposure was the point.”

正如记者乔比·沃里克（Joby Warrick）所写，“最大程度的曝光才是重点。”

For two decades, Carlos the Jackal, the anti–James Bond, was the planet’s most-wanted fugitive.

二十年来，反詹姆斯·邦德的豺狼卡洛斯一直是地球上的头号通缉犯。

His motivations and character have remained fugitive as well, despite a half-century pile-up of documentaries, biographies, biopics, miniseries, and scholarly studies.

尽管半个世纪以来，纪录片、传记、传记片、迷你剧和学术研究堆积如山，但他的动机和性格仍然难以捉摸。

To Warrick, he remains “indisputably, the most famous of the international terrorists who took up arms in the 1970s …

对沃里克来说，他“毫无疑问是 20 世纪 70 年代拿起武器的最著名的国际恐怖分子……”

an avatar for a newly emerging form of state-sponsored terrorism.”

一种新出现的国家支持的恐怖主义形式的化身。”

As national-security correspondent for The Washington Post, Warrick has spent 30 years on the conflict beat, covering weapons proliferation, the terror industry, and Middle Eastern politics.

作为《华盛顿邮报》的国家安全记者，沃里克花了 30 年的时间关注冲突，报道武器扩散、恐怖工业和中东政治。

His Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction, and his new book, The Jackal, is the other half of a dark diptych.

他的《黑旗：伊斯兰国的崛起》荣获 2016 年普利策普通非小说奖，而他的新书《豺狼》则是深色双联画的另一半。

Long-form journalism at this level is sometimes a topic nobly worked up for the occasion—John McPhee on Alaska, say—or else the product of deep experience, as in this stellar biography, which Warrick constructs with a bricklayer’s confidence, scene on well-paced scene, sternly avoiding side trips and fact dumps.

这个级别的长篇新闻有时是一个为特定场合而高调讨论的话题——比如约翰·麦克菲关于阿拉斯加的报道——或者是深厚经验的产物，就像在这本出色的传记中，沃里克以瓦工的信心构建了这本精彩的传记，场景节奏良好，严格避免旁敲侧击和事实转储。

Also, you can’t beat the material.

此外，你无法击败材料。

The Jackal, born Ilich Ramírez Sánchez in Venezuela, was raised in bourgeois comfort by an aristocratic mother and a leftist lawyer father, was sent to school in London—“snide little blighter,” one instructor recalled—and then majored in debauchery at a Moscow university.

豺狼原名伊利奇·拉米雷斯·桑切斯，出生于委内瑞拉，在资产阶级的舒适环境中长大，母亲是贵族，父亲是左翼律师，后来被送到伦敦上学——一位老师回忆道，“挖苦的小家伙”——然后在莫斯科的一所大学主修放荡。

At 20, he headed for Lebanon, a plump, entitled volunteer who baffled Popular Front insurgents with his flashes of charm, comically robust ego (“The whole world will hear of me!”), and firm career plan.

20 岁时，他前往黎巴嫩，成为一名胖乎乎、有资格的志愿者，凭借自己闪烁的魅力、滑稽的强大自我（“全世界都会听到我！”）和坚定的职业计划，让人民阵线叛乱分子感到困惑。

Classical communism was too rigid, too dull.

古典共产主义太僵化、太迟钝。

He wanted to be the Che Guevara of the Palestinians.

他想成为巴勒斯坦人的切格瓦拉。

A professional revolutionary.

职业革命家。

A star.

一颗星星。

“Bullets are real here,” the Beirut recruiter warned Sánchez.

“这里有子弹，”贝鲁特招聘人员警告桑切斯。

He owes his full nom de guerre to a Guardian reporter who happened to notice a copy of Frederick Forsyth’s assassination chiller The Day of the Jackal in an abandoned safe house used by Carlos.

他的全名是一位《卫报》记者，他偶然在卡洛斯使用的一个废弃安全屋里注意到了弗雷德里克·福赛斯的暗杀小说《豺狼之日》的副本。

Probably he never read it, but the core conceit—a ruthless, elusive free- booter—was catnip to assignment editors worldwide.

也许他从来没有读过这本书，但其核心理念——一个无情、难以捉摸的强盗——让全世界的作业编辑都着迷。

Tabloids and TV marketed Carlos the Jackal as a glamorous antihero who soon commuted between the headlines and the fiction shelves, notably as the model for the master killer in Robert Ludlum’s Bourne spy stories.

小报和电视将豺狼卡洛斯宣传为迷人的反英雄，他很快就在头条新闻和小说书架之间穿梭，尤其是罗伯特·勒德姆的《谍影重重》间谍故事中杀手大师的原型。

The real Carlos, as Warrick amply documents, was a vicious incompetent who believed his own press clippings, sulking when rewards for his capture were set too low.

正如沃里克充分记录的那样，真正的卡洛斯是一个恶毒无能的人，他相信自己的新闻剪报，当逮捕他的奖励设置得太低时，他就会生闷气。

But by anatomizing both the postmodern myth and the punk gunsel, Warrick creates a nonfiction novel in the mode of Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, minus the whoppers.

但通过对后现代神话和朋克枪械的剖析，沃里克以杜鲁门·卡波特的《冷血》的模式创作了一部纪实小说，去掉了弥天大谎。

The age of the Jackal is fading, but his one big idea—and the teenager he failed to kill in 1975—led to 9/11, and the reverberations persist.

豺狼的时代正在消逝，但他的一个伟大想法——以及他在 1975 年未能杀死的少年——导致了 9/11，并且其影响持续存在。

Carlos saw that a new techno-wonder, the global satellite TV feed, made terrorism into show biz.

卡洛斯看到了一个新的技术奇迹，即全球卫星电视直播，使恐怖主义进入了演艺圈。

The channels of the day were full of masked men performing the unthinkable—the takeover of the Munich Olympics, the kidnapping of heiress Patty Hearst—but the dashing lone superterrorist was the role of a lifetime, especially when broadcast live.

当天的频道里充斥着蒙面男子表演的不可思议的事情——接管慕尼黑奥运会、绑架女继承人帕蒂·赫斯特——但这位潇洒的孤独超级恐怖分子却是一生难忘的角色，尤其是在现场直播时。

Bombings, kidnappings, raids, hijackings: The Jackal’s fame bloomed along with his body count until French intelligence and law enforcement, together with the CIA, managed, in 1994, to seize him in the Sudan.

爆炸、绑架、袭击、劫持：豺狼的名声随着他的死亡人数而声名鹊起，直到 1994 年法国情报部门和执法部门与中央情报局 (CIA) 一起在苏丹将他抓获。

(He was in Khartoum for surgery to correct a low sperm count.)

（他在喀土穆接受手术以纠正精子数量过低的问题。）

Warrick clarifies this bloody picaresque by foregrounding the members of the Jackal’s crew, making them human as well as heinous, from Carlos’s chief associates to his wives and girlfriends, his Palestinian colleagues and their Arab allies, Jordanian leaders and advisers, and some truly scary German accomplices.

沃里克通过突出豺狼号的船员来澄清这一血腥的流浪汉行为，使他们既是人又是令人发指的人，从卡洛斯的主要助手到他的妻子和女朋友，他的巴勒斯坦同事和他们的阿拉伯盟友，约旦领导人和顾问，以及一些真正可怕的德国同谋。

Warrick’s command of the Jackal’s quicksand world yields a first-rate criminal biography, gliding from Aden to Algiers as Sánchez ascends from commando to terror boss, and gruesome tension turns to giddy relief when law enforcement finally prevails, just a few years too late for the guillotine.

沃里克对豺狼号的流沙世界的指挥造就了一部一流的犯罪传记，从亚丁滑翔到阿尔及尔，桑切斯从突击队员晋升为恐怖分子老大，当执法部门最终获胜时，可怕的紧张局势变成了令人晕眩的解脱，只比断头台晚了几年。

The French courts imposed three life sentences instead.

法国法院判处三项无期徒刑。

Warrick’s acknowledgments and notes are a master class in the reporting and sourcing of nonfiction, not least the KGB thumbs-down on young Sánchez (“appalling record as a student”).

沃里克的致谢和注释是非小说类报道和来源的大师级作品，尤其是克格勃对年轻桑切斯的不满（“作为学生的记录令人震惊”）。

But no obituary closes this transnational paper chase.

但讣告并没有结束这场跨国纸质追逐。

Carlos, vague and shuffling at 76, is alive at the high-security prison of Poissy, in the Paris suburbs.

76 岁的卡洛斯神情含糊，步履蹒跚，他还活着，关押在巴黎郊区戒备森严的普瓦西监狱里。

Warrick ends the book with a rare face-to-face interview.

沃里克以一次罕见的面对面采访结束了这本书。

Prisoner 11939 is unrepentant.

囚犯11939毫无悔意。

He has only one regret: not punishing his betrayers.

他只有一个遗憾：没有惩罚背叛他的人。

“I should have killed a few more people,” he grumbles.

“我应该多杀几个人，”他抱怨道。

“I killed eighty-three people by my own hand.

“我亲手杀了八十三个人。

Another thousand were killed on my orders.

又有一千人按照我的命令被杀。

…

……

Good food, good music, pretty girls, clean girls.

美味的食物，美妙的音乐，漂亮的女孩，干净的女孩。

I always had a good life, all my life.”

我一生都过着美好的生活。”

That cold blank core, that motiveless malignity, has kept the field of Jackal studies evergreen, for Carlos’s real attack was not on institutions but on rationality.

这种冷漠、空白的核心，那种毫无动机的恶意，使豺狼研究领域保持常青，因为卡洛斯真正的攻击不是针对制度，而是针对理性。

Why does a spoiled schoolboy turn monstrous?

为什么一个被宠坏的小学生会变得怪物？

Warrick’s tenacity pulls at least the who, the where, and the how from history’s shadows: “While he claimed to be a revolutionary, Carlos was, at his core, a criminal narcissist.

沃里克的坚韧至少将人物、地点和方式从历史的阴影中拉了出来：“虽然卡洛斯自称是一名革命者，但他本质上是一个犯罪的自恋者。

He killed seemingly without feeling, often wantonly.

他看似毫无感情地杀人，而且常常是肆无忌惮的。

His cruelty toward his targets—and occasionally, his allies—issued from a brain that also craved celebrity and insisted on living a life of luxury and dissolution.”

他对他的目标——有时还有他的盟友——的残忍源自他同样渴望名人并坚持过着奢华和解体生活的大脑。”

Ilich Ramírez Sánchez did follow at least one lodestar principle, instilled by his Marxist father and honored lifelong: never, ever drink Coca-Cola.

伊利奇·拉米雷斯·桑切斯确实遵循了至少一条由他的马克思主义父亲灌输并终生受人尊敬的北极星原则：永远、永远不喝可口可乐。

The Jackal, it seems, had three rules.

豺狼似乎有三条规则。

Kill without pity.

杀无怜悯。

Lay off the imperialist sugar water.

停止帝国主义糖水。

And always know where the cameras are.

并且始终知道摄像机在哪里。