Investigation: 1862

调查：1862

· American Heritage · 原文

True, their division commander, Brigadier General Charles P.

确实，他们的师长查尔斯·P·准将 (Charles P.

Stone, was one of those West Point martinets who believed that route marches and plenty of target practice were just the things for green troops.

斯通是西点军校的严格遵守者之一，他相信路线行军和大量的打靶训练正是新兵的任务。

But the training was not too tiresome, and the men realized it was necessary to prepare them to fight Confederates.

但训练并不太令人厌烦，士兵们意识到有必要让他们做好与南方邦联作战的准备。

And they were eager to fight.

他们渴望战斗。

As they improved as soldiers, they developed a soldierly pride in the division and wanted to show what it could do.

随着他们作为士兵的进步，他们对这个师产生了军人的自豪感，并希望展示这个师的能力。

They wondered why General George B.

他们想知道为什么乔治·B.

McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, did not turn them loose on the rebels across the river.

波托马克军团指挥官麦克莱伦并没有放手让他们对付河对岸的叛军。

Late in October they got their fight.

十月底，他们开始了战斗。

McClellan received intelligence that the Confederates were planning to pull out of Leesburg and other places on the upper Potomac.

麦克莱伦收到情报称，南方联盟军计划从利斯堡和波托马克河上游的其他地方撤军。

To ascertain the intentions of the enemy he sent a division over the river to Dranesville.

为了查明敌人的意图，他派了一个师渡河前往德拉内斯维尔。

He informed Stone what lie was doing and suggested that Stone make a reconnaissance on his own sector.

他告诉斯通他正在做什么，并建议斯通对他自己的区域进行侦察。

Although McClellan’s dispatch was vaguely worded, he obviously had in mind a small, exploratory movement.

尽管麦克莱伦的电文措辞含糊，但他显然想到了一个小型的、探索性的行动。

Stone went somewhat beyond McClellan’s instructions.

斯通的做法有些超出了麦克莱伦的指示。

He crossed two regiments at Edwards’ Ferry and sent two others farther upriver to cross at Harrison’s Island.

他在爱德华兹渡口渡过两个团，并派另外两个团向上游更远的地方在哈里森岛渡河。

The force at Harrison’s Island made it over the river with great difficulty.

哈里森岛的部队艰难渡河。

At Stone’s headquarters nobody had given much thought to transportation, and only three small boats were available.

在斯通的总部，没有人过多考虑交通问题，只有三艘小船可供使用。

Nevertheless, the regiments were finally crossed, and early on the morning of October 21 they took position on an eminence called Ball’s Bluff.

尽管如此，各团最终还是渡过了难关，并于 10 月 21 日清晨在一个名为鲍尔断崖的高地占据了阵地。

In the woods around them were Confederate troops, who gave no indication of retiring and every indication of attacking.

他们周围的树林里有南方联盟军队，他们没有任何撤退的迹象，反而有进攻的迹象。

The ranking officer sent word to Stone, who replied that reinforcements were on the way and that with them, as commanding officer, would come Colonel Edward D.

高级军官向斯通传达了消息，斯通回答说，增援部队正在赶来的路上，作为指挥官，爱德华·D·斯通上校也将随他们而来。

Baker.

贝克.

This man Baker was quite a figure.

贝克这个人是个了不起的人物。

A resident of Illinois and a close friend of Lincoln, he had gone to California in the gold rush days.

他是伊利诺伊州的居民，也是林肯的密友，在淘金热时期去了加利福尼亚州。

Later he moved to Oregon, where the legislature in 1860 elected him to the United States Senate.

后来他搬到俄勒冈州，1860 年立法机关选举他进入美国参议院。

He played a busy role in the secession crisis, introducing Lincoln at the inauguration ceremonies and making speeches in the Senate in which he called for a ruthless war and military government of a conquered South.

他在分裂国家危机中扮演了忙碌的角色，在就职典礼上介绍了林肯，并在参议院发表演讲，呼吁对被征服的南方进行残酷的战争和军政府。

When the hostilities started, he raised a Pennsylvania regiment and became its colonel.

当敌对行动开始时，他组建了一个宾夕法尼亚团并成为其上校。

He was a romantic character in the best Nineteenth Century tradition, capable of quoting poetry in the heat of battle and telling others to follow where they saw his white plume shining.

他是十九世纪最佳传统中的浪漫人物，能够在激烈的战斗中引用诗歌，并告诉其他人跟随他们看到他的白色羽毛闪耀的地方。

He knew almost nothing about how to direct men in battle.

他对如何在战斗中指挥士兵几乎一无所知。

When Baker arrived on the scene, the situation was getting rough.

当贝克赶到现场时，情况变得更加严峻。

Everything at the Bluff was in confusion, and the Confederates were pouring a galling lire into the huddled troops from the heights above.

布拉夫的一切都陷入混乱，南方联盟军从高处向挤成一团的部队倾注了令人难堪的里拉。

Baker decided that it would be folly to try to escape in the boats and that his men would have to fight where they were.

贝克认为，试图乘船逃跑是愚蠢的，他的部下必须就地战斗。

Before he could form a plan of action, a Confederate bullet took him in the heart.

在他制定行动计划之前，一颗南部邦联的子弹击中了他的心脏。

After that his force lost any sense of cohesion it had left.

此后，他的力量就失去了原有的凝聚力。

Some of the troops tried to escape in the scows or by swimming the river; most of them had to surrender.

一些部队试图乘船或游河逃跑；他们中的大多数人不得不投降。

When the casualties were counted, it was found that of the approximated 1,000 men who had crossed the river, 200 had been shot and 700 captured.

清点伤亡情况发现，渡河的约1000人中，有200人被枪杀，700人被俘。

In the press, Ball’s Bluff was referred to as a disaster, which it was in a minor sense.

在媒体上，鲍尔的虚张声势被称为一场灾难，但这是次要的。

The war was young, and the nation was not yet accustomed to big battles and huge casualty lists.

战争刚刚开始，这个国家还没有习惯大规模的战斗和巨大的伤亡名单。

The little battle seemed large in 1861.

1861 年，这场小战斗看起来规模很大。

and obviously it had been mismanaged by somebody.

显然，有人管理不善。

The gallant Senator who had lost his life could not be to blame.

英勇的参议员的丧生不能归咎于他。

Some officer higher up must, have bungled.

某些上级官员肯定搞砸了。

Out of the recriminations and the grief and the suspicions would tome a grim chain of circumstances that would wreck the reputation and the career of Charles Stone.

相互指责、悲伤和怀疑会引发一系列严峻的情况，从而破坏查尔斯·斯通的声誉和职业生涯。

At the beginning of the war Stone seemed to have one of the brightest futures in the army.

战争初期，斯通似乎是军队中最光明的前途之一。

A native of Greenfield, Massachusetts, he graduated, from West Point in 1845, and served with merit in the Mexican War.

他出生于马萨诸塞州格林菲尔德，1845 年毕业于西点军校，并在墨西哥战争中立功。

He remained in the army until 1856, when he resigned to take a job with a private organization.

他一直留在军队，直到 1856 年辞职并在一家私人组织工作。

Early in 1861, when there was talk that the South might try to prevent Lincoln from being inaugurated, he accepted from President Buchanan the post of inspector general of the District of Columbia.

1861 年初，当有传言称南方可能试图阻止林肯就职时，他接受了布坎南总统的哥伦比亚特区监察长职位。

In a real sense, he had charge of Lincoln’s life in those tense spring Jays when rumors of assassination filled the air.

在真正意义上，当暗杀的谣言弥漫在紧张的春季松鸦队时，他掌控着林肯的生活。

Lincoln trusted him, and Stone was very proud of the way in which he had guarded the President.

林肯信任他，斯通对他保护总统的方式感到非常自豪。

After that promotion was rapid—a colonel in the regular army and then a brigadier general of volunteers commanding a division.

此后晋升很快——成为正规军的上校，然后成为指挥一个师的志愿军准将。

Stone was a member of the McClellan circle.

斯通是麦克莱伦圈子的成员。

He was the kind of officer the commander liked to have around him—cultivated, conservative, definitely a gentleman.

他是指挥官喜欢身边的那种军官——有教养、保守，绝对是一位绅士。

Like most of the officers in the group, and like McClellan himself, Stone was a mediocre soldier.

与该小组中的大多数军官以及麦克莱伦本人一样，斯通是一名平庸的士兵。

He was trained in the older concept of war.

他接受过旧战争概念的训练。

the leisurely, prepare-at-length and fight-only-when-ready kind of war that had characterized the struggles of the Eighteenth Century.

18世纪斗争的特点是悠闲、精心准备、只有在准备就绪时才进行的战争。

Of the hard, ruthless, war-to-the-knife type of warfare that the Civil War would become, he had no notion whatsoever.

对于内战将演变成一场艰苦、残酷、刀锋相向的战争，他完全没有概念。

He was also almost completely ignorant of another modem development, and his ignorance would cause him untold trouble.

他还几乎完全不知道另一种现代发展，而他的无知会给他带来无数的麻烦。

Again like McClellan, he had no realization that the civilians were going to take a hand in running this war and that he would have to accommodate himself to this fact.

再次像麦克莱伦一样，他没有意识到平民将参与这场战争，而他必须适应这一事实。

Stone assumed, as most regular officers did, that the army was the army and that the civil authority was the politicians.

像大多数正规军官一样，斯通认为军队就是军队，民政当局就是政客。

Between the two there was little connection.

两者之间几乎没有什么联系。

If politicians tried to interfere with the military, you put them in their place.

如果政客试图干涉军队，你就让他们就位。

Soldiers like McClellan and Stone thought that war was something that could he conducted in a vacuum without any relation to political realities.

像麦克莱伦和斯通这样的士兵认为，战争可以在真空中进行，与政治现实没有任何关系。

It might have been that way once; it would not he that way in the Civil War or ever again.

曾经可能是这样；在内战中或以后都不会这样。

During his tenure of command on the Potomac, Stone gave a striking demonstration of his naïveté in political matters.

在波托马克河指挥期间，斯通在政治事务上表现出了惊人的天真。

Runaway slaves were always coming into the camps, and sometimes soldiers with abolitionist opinions would spirit them away to freedom.

逃亡的奴隶总是进入集中营，有时持废奴主义观点的士兵会把他们偷走以获得自由。

Stone, who had conservative views on the slavery issue, published an order that in effect denied fugitives the right of asylum in his lines.

在奴隶制问题上持保守观点的斯通发布了一项命令，实际上剥夺了逃亡者在他的路线中的庇护权。

A little later two slaves entered the camp of a Massachusetts regiment.

不久之后，两名奴隶进入了马萨诸塞州一个军团的营地。

Pursuant to Stone’s orders, officers turned them back to their owner.

根据斯通的命令，警察将它们归还给了它们的主人。

News of this episode came to John A.

John A. 得知了这一事件的消息。

Andrew, the forthright, Radical Republican governor of the Bay State.

安德鲁是海湾州直率、激进的共和党州长。

He wrote a letter to the regiment’s colonel rebuking the officers concerned and denouncing the employment of any Massachusetts man in the business of slave-catching.

他给该团的上校写了一封信，谴责有关军官，并谴责雇用任何马萨诸塞州男子从事捕捉奴隶的活动。

The colonel referred the letter to Stone, who wrote the governor to mind his own business and stop interfering with national troops.

上校将这封信转交给斯通，斯通写信给州长，要求他管好自己的事，不要再干涉国家军队。

After another exchange of angry epistles, Andrew passed the correspondence on to Senator Charles Sumner, who flayed Stone in a Senate speech.

在另一次愤怒的书信往来之后，安德鲁将信件转给了参议员查尔斯·萨姆纳，后者在参议院演讲中对斯通进行了剥削。

The general replied with a letter that was a virtual invitation to a duel.

将军回复了一封信，这封信实际上是一场决斗的邀请。

Throughout the controversy Stone was convinced that his position was completely correct: he was repelling civilian interference with army affairs.

在整个争议过程中，斯通坚信自己的立场是完全正确的：他反对平民干涉军队事务。

In a technical military sense, he was right, but he had made two powerful men his mortal enemies.

从技术军事意义上来说，他是对的，但他让两个强大的人成为了他的死敌。

Stone’s dispute with Andrew and Sumner reached a climax at about the same time that the public was shocked by the debacle at Ball’s Bluff.

大约在公众对鲍尔布拉夫事件感到震惊的同时，斯通与安德鲁和萨姆纳的争论达到了高潮。

To a casual observer the dispute and the battle might seem to be separate events, but in the thinking of many people in Washington they were associated, with the result that a deadly finger of suspicion was pointed at Stone.

对于一个不经意的观察者来说，这场争端和这场战斗似乎是不同的事件，但在华盛顿的许多人看来，它们是相关的，结果，致命的怀疑指向了斯通。

It was a time of preternatural suspicion.

那是一个充满超自然怀疑的时代。

In the strain of war a new attitude was taking shape in the minds of men, and particularly in the minds of Republican Congressmen: nobody could be trusted, anybody might be a secret ally of the Rebels.

在战争的压力下，一种新的态度正在人们的头脑中形成，特别是在共和党国会议员的头脑中：没有人可以信任，任何人都可能是叛军的秘密盟友。

Everybody—whether he was a soldier, a civil servant, a legislator, or what not—had to establish his loyalty in some way, preferably by taking some kind of oath.

每个人——无论是士兵、公务员、立法者还是其他什么——都必须以某种方式证明自己的忠诚，最好是通过某种宣誓。

The trouble was that nobody knew exactly how to define loyalty.

问题是没有人确切地知道如何定义忠诚度。

The dividing line between loyalty and disloyalty was hazy and tended to get confused with the dividing line between conflicting political opinions.

忠诚与不忠诚之间的分界线很模糊，并且容易与相互冲突的政治观点之间的分界线混淆。

It was so much easier to detect treason in the form of a wrong opinion.

以错误观点的形式发现叛国罪要容易得多。

This new technique of judging loyalty, which also provided a new standard for judging generals, was about to encase Stone in a cloud of doubt he could never dispel.

这种判断忠诚的新技术，也为判断将军提供了新的标准，即将让斯通陷入永远无法驱散的怀疑之中。

After Ball’s Bluff ugly rumors concerning Stone circulated in Washington.

在鲍尔虚张声势之后，关于斯通的丑陋谣言在华盛顿流传。

According to these whispered accounts, he was carrying on a treasonable intercourse with the enemy.

根据这些窃窃私语的说法，他正在与敌人进行叛国勾结。

Rebel spies passed and repassed his lines with no interference.

叛军间谍在没有干扰的情况下不断地通过他的防线。

Stone wrote and sent letters to the Confederates over the river and received mysterious packages in return.

斯通跨河给南方联盟写信并寄出信件，并收到了神秘的包裹作为回报。

He and his wife, who had Southern relatives, associated intimately with the slaveholders in his district.

他和他的妻子有南方亲戚，与他所在地区的奴隶主关系密切。

He had assigned guards to protect the property of known Rebels, and he had forced his soldiers to act as slave-catchers.

他指派警卫保护已知叛军的财产，并强迫他的士兵充当奴隶捕手。

As the Radical Republicans put these stories together with the Andrew controversy, they suddenly realized what Stone really was.

当激进共和党人将这些故事与安德鲁的争议放在一起时，他们突然意识到斯通到底是什么。

In his conduct they detected a pattern, and the pattern was wrong.

他们在他的行为中发现了一种模式，而这种模式是错误的。

Stone was a friend of McClellan and a Democrat; he was proslavery; and he had dealings with the wrong people.

斯通是麦克莱伦的朋友，也是一名民主党人。他支持奴隶制；他与错误的人打交道。

The next conclusions followed easily: he was secretly a traitor, and there must be others like him in high places in the army.

接下来的结论很容易得出：他是一个暗中的叛徒，军队中一定还有像他这样的高层人物。

Ball’s Bluff could easily be explained now.

现在可以很容易地解释鲍尔的虚张声势了。

Stone had deliberately sent his men into a trap and Baker to his death.

斯通故意让他的手下落入陷阱，并害死贝克。

Of the charges and suspicions against him and of the forces preparing his destruction, General Stone knew little if anything.

对于针对他的指控和怀疑，以及准备毁灭他的部队，斯通将军几乎一无所知。

He was aware, of course, that his conducting at Ball’ Bluff had been criticized, but McClellan told him not to worry on that score as Lincoln have been given a true picture of the battle.

当然，他知道他在鲍尔布拉夫的指挥受到了批评，但麦克莱伦告诉他不要担心这一点，因为林肯已经了解了这场战斗的真实情况。

Stone had no inkling that his loyalty was under scrutiny or that he was about to be investigated by one of the most powerful Congressional committees in American legislative history.

斯通没有意识到他的忠诚度正在受到审查，也没有意识到他即将受到美国立法史上最强大的国会委员会之一的调查。

In December the Radicals had pushed through Congress a measure creating the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.

12月，激进派推动国会通过了一项措施，成立战争行为联合委员会。

The Committee was empowered to inquire into the causes of past defeats—principally, just then, Ball’s Bluff—and was expected to force the executive branch to adopt whatever measures were necessary to secure victory in the future.

该委员会有权调查过去失败的原因——主要是当时鲍尔的虚张声势——并有望迫使行政部门采取一切必要措施来确保未来的胜利。

One measure the Radicals favored was getting rid of generals whose hearts were not in the war—generals like Stone.

激进派青睐的一项措施是除掉那些不关心战争的将军——比如斯通这样的将军。

Immediately after its creation the Committee plunged into an investigation of General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac, trying particularly to ascertain if the commander was keeping the army inactive because he secretly sympathized with the rebellion.

委员会成立后立即对麦克莱伦将军和波托马克军团进行了调查，特别是试图确定指挥官是否因为暗中同情叛乱而让军队保持不活跃状态。

On the side, the chairman, Senator “Bluff Ben” Wade of Ohio, who dominated the agency to such a degree that it could well be termed the Wade Committee, ran a separate inquiry of Stone.

另一方面，主席、俄亥俄州参议员“虚张声势的本”韦德对斯通进行了单独的调查，他在该机构中的主导地位达到了可以称为韦德委员会的程度。

Wade asked a number of officers, who were testifying about conditions in the Army of the Potomac, to state who was responsible for the Ball’s Bluff disaster.

韦德询问了一些正在就波托马克军团的情况作证的军官，请他们说明谁对鲍尔布拉夫灾难负有责任。

Stone himself, appearing as a routine witness on January 5, was questioned in a general fashion about the battle and his policy concerning fugitive slaves.

1 月 5 日，斯通本人作为例行证人出庭，接受了有关这场战斗及其有关逃亡奴隶政策的一般质询。

He placed the blame for the defeat on Baker and said that he returned runaways only when asked to do so by the proper civilian authorities.

他将失败归咎于贝克，并表示只有在适当的民政当局要求他这样做时，他才会遣返逃亡者。

As he walked from the hearing, Stone probably did not suspect that the Committee was whetting an ax for him.

当斯通离开听证会时，他可能并没有怀疑委员会正在对他开刀。

Next Wade summoned a long list of witnesses, consisting mainly of volunteer officers in Stone’s command and civilian residents in his lines, Most of the volunteers had grievances against Stone because of his rigid system of discipline and his supposed prejudice against civilian soldiers.

接下来，韦德传唤了一长串证人，主要是斯通麾下的志愿军军官和他的战线中的平民居民。大多数志愿军都对斯通抱有不满，因为斯通严格的纪律制度和他对平民士兵的偏见。

They regaled the Committee with sensational tales to prove Stone was a traitor.

他们用耸人听闻的故事来取悦委员会，以证明斯通是叛徒。

Culled from campfire gossip and based entirely on hearsay evidence, their accusations stated that Stone had been guilty of criminal negligence at Ball’s Bluff; his troops distrusted his loyalty; secessionists liked him: he had permitted the enemy to erect fortifications near his lines; he carried on a mysterious and undoubtedly treasonable correspondence with the Confederates across the river; and once he had actually engaged in a conference with Rebel officers under a flag of truce!

他们的指控是从篝火八卦中挑选出来的，完全基于道听途说的证据，称斯通在鲍尔布拉夫犯有刑事过失罪；他的军队不信任他的忠诚；分裂主义者喜欢他：他允许敌人在他的战线附近建立防御工事；他与河对岸的南方邦联进行了神秘且无疑是叛国的通信。有一次，他竟然打着休战旗与叛军军官开会！

Wade conducted the inquiry in a manner that showed he had prejudged the case.

韦德进行调查的方式表明他对案件做出了预先判断。

He asked leading questions designed to elicit criticism of Stone, and he bullied witnesses into giving the right answers.

他提出一些引导性问题，旨在引发对斯通的批评，并胁迫证人给出正确答案。

Nearly every officer was asked a question like this: “So far as you know, is there not such a general suspicion of General Stone among officers and men that they would be unwilling to go into battle under him?” It was a dumb witness who did not know how to answer that query.

几乎每个军官都被问到这样的问题：“据你所知，官兵们是否普遍对斯通将军抱有怀疑，不愿在他麾下上战场？”这是一个愚蠢的证人，不知道如何回答这个问题。

When one officer tried to defend Stone’s course at Ball’s Bluff, Wade shouted angrily, “Now, if it was not the object to take Leesburg, what, in God’s name, was this fragment of a force sent over on these miserable scows for?” Wade asked one officer why Stone had not destroyed a certain flour mill near his lines.

当一名军官试图在鲍尔布拉夫保卫斯通的航线时，韦德愤怒地喊道：“现在，如果不是为了夺取利斯堡，那么，看在上帝的份上，派出这支部队去对付这些可怜的船是为了什么？”韦德问一名军官，为什么斯通没有摧毁他战线附近的一家面粉厂。

The officer replied that he did not know.

该官员回答说他不知道。

With an air of one patriot letting another in on a great secret Wade said, “He did not tell you why he had not battered it down, as it was supplying the rebel army with flour?”

韦德带着一种爱国者向另一个人透露重大秘密的神情说道：“他没有告诉你为什么他没有把它砸毁，因为它正在为叛军提供面粉？”

When Wade decided he had enough evidence to get Stone, he and the other members of the Committee went to the War Department and presented their findings to their associate in the Radical cause.

当韦德认为他有足够的证据来抓捕斯通时，他和委员会的其他成员前往陆军部，向他们在激进事业中的同事介绍了他们的调查结果。

Secretary Edwin M.

国务卿埃德温·M.

Stanton.

斯坦顿.

They were in possession of material, they told Stanton, that “seemed to impeach both the military capacity and the loyalty of General Stone.” The secretary was easily convinced.

他们告诉斯坦顿，他们掌握的材料“似乎弹劾了斯通将军的军事能力和忠诚度”。秘书很容易就被说服了。

On January 28 he issued an order for Stone’s arrest and gave it to McClellan to execute.

1月28日，他发布了逮捕斯通的命令，并将其交给麦克莱伦执行。

McClellan shrank from carrying out the order.

麦克莱伦不敢执行命令。

He knew the falsity of the charges against Stone, and he knew too that the Committee was striking at him through his subordinate.

他知道对斯通的指控是虚假的，他也知道委员会正在通过他的下属打击他。

He asked Stanton to give Stone a military trial, but the secretary refused.

他要求斯坦顿对斯通进行军事审判，但秘书拒绝了。

Then McClellan requested that Stone be granted an opportunity to state his case to the Committee.

然后麦克莱伦请求给予斯通向委员会陈述其案情的机会。

Stanton was willing, and on January 31 Stone confronted his accusers.

斯坦顿表示愿意，并于 1 月 31 日与指控者对质。

This session was of vital importance to Stone.

这次会议对斯通来说至关重要。

It was, in effect, his last chance to prove his loyalty and disprove the charges against him.

实际上，这是他证明自己的忠诚并反驳对他的指控的最后机会。

But in presenting a defense, Stone was badly handicapped by two factors over which he had no control.

但在提出辩护时，斯通受到两个他无法控制的因素的严重阻碍。

One was the Committee’s rules of procedure.

其中之一是委员会的议事规则。

Stone, like every other witness, appeared alone, without counsel, in a secret session.

斯通和其他证人一样，在没有律师的情况下独自出现在一次秘密会议上。

He did not know what testimony had been given against him, or who had given it, or what the specific accusations were.

他不知道针对他的证词是什么，也不知道是谁提供的，也不知道具体的指控是什么。

The second factor working against Stone was imposed by McClellan.

第二个对斯通不利的因素是麦克莱伦强加的。

Just before Stone went to the hearing he received instructions that he was not to discuss any of McClellan’s orders or plans—past or present.

就在斯通参加听证会之前，他收到指示，不得讨论麦克莱伦的任何命令或计划——无论是过去的还是现在的。

The commander was going to stay out of this fight if he could.

如果可以的话，指挥官打算不参与这场战斗。

At this fatal interview Stone was a frantic and agonized man.

在这次致命的采访中，斯通是一个疯狂而痛苦的人。

He spoke with great emotion and in broken tones.

他说话时情绪激动，语气断断续续。

Addressing himself to Wade, he said that Stanton had told him the Committee possessed evidence which impugned his loyalty.

他对韦德说，斯坦顿告诉他，委员会掌握了质疑他忠诚度的证据。

He was present to explain his innocence.

他到场解释自己的清白。

Bluntly Wade replied.

韦德干脆地回答道。

“In the course of our investigations here there has come out in evidence matters which may be said to impeach you.” The chairman refused to let Stone examine the testimony; neither would he reveal the names of the witnesses who had accused him.

“在我们的调查过程中，出现了可以弹劾你的证据问题。”主席拒绝让斯通审查证词；他也不愿透露指控他的证人的姓名。

He did condescend to inform Stone that there were four general indictments of his conduct: he had ordered Baker’s men to cross the river without adequate means of transportation; he had failed to reinforce Baker during the battle: he had held undue intercom se with the enemy; and he had permitted the Rebels to erect fortifications that he could have battered down.

他确实居高临下地告诉斯通，对他的行为有四项一般性控诉：他命令贝克的人在没有足够交通工具的情况下过河；他在战斗中未能增援贝克：他与敌人进行了不当的通话；他还允许叛军修建防御工事，而他本可以将其摧毁。

Wade’s refusal to present a bill of particulars forced Stone to reply with a general and somewhat vague defense.

韦德拒绝提供具体细节，迫使斯通做出笼统且有些模糊的辩护。

He had to guess at what hostile witnesses had said.

他必须猜测敌对证人所说的话。

Nevertheless, he was able to demonstrate that he had given Baker wide discretionary authority at Ball’s Bluff and that the defeat had been partly caused by the colonel’s rashness and by the difficulties of the terrain.

尽管如此，他还是能够证明，他在鲍尔布拉夫给予了贝克广泛的自由裁量权，而失败的部分原因是上校的鲁莽和地形的困难。

Stone made a detailed answer to the charge of intercourse with the enemy.

斯通对与敌人交往的指控做出了详细的回答。

All his communications, he said, had dealt with routine matters like supplies for prisoners and the exchange of mail.

他说，他的所有通讯都涉及日常事务，例如囚犯的补给和邮件交换。

He had watched carefully to insure that no letters or newspapers containing military information went to the South, while in similar documents coming north he often found valuable knowledge.

他仔细观察，确保没有包含军事信息的信件或报纸流向南方，而在北方的类似文件中，他经常发现有价值的知识。

As for the batteries near his lines, they were too far distant to be bombarded.

至于他战线附近的炮台，距离太远，无法被轰炸。

The accusation of treason lurking in Wade’s indictment crushed Stone.

韦德起诉书中潜藏的叛国罪指控让斯通崩溃了。

“That is one humiliation I had hoped I never should be subjected to,” he cried.

“这是一种羞辱，我希望自己永远不会遭受这种羞辱，”他哭喊道。

“I thought there was one calumny that could not be brought against me.” Recalling his services in organizing the defenses of the Capital before the inauguration, he ended by saying: “I have, so help me Heaven, but one object in all this, and that is to see the United State’s successful.

“我以为有一种诽谤是不能针对我的。”回忆起他在就职典礼前组织首都防御的贡献，他最后说道：“我已经做到了，所以请帮助我，但所有这一切的目标只有一个，那就是看到美国的成功。

I have been as faithful as I can be.

我已经尽我所能地忠诚。

And I am exceedingly sore at this outrageous charge.”

我对这种无耻的指控感到非常愤怒。”

Stone’s testimony and his impassioned plea made no impression on the Committee.

斯通的证词和他慷慨激昂的恳求没有给委员会留下任何印象。

Wade turned the new evidence over to Stanton.

韦德将新证据交给斯坦顿。

and the secretary renewed his pressure on McClellan to execute the arrest order.

国务卿再次向麦克莱伦施压，要求其执行逮捕令。

By this time the commander was becoming alarmed for his own position.

这时，指挥官对自己的处境感到震惊。

If the Radicals wanted a sacrifice, McClellan preferred that it be Stone.

如果激进分子想要牺牲，麦克莱伦更愿意选择斯通。

He soon found an opportunity to get out from under.

很快他就找到了脱身的机会。

A Negro refugee came in from Leesburg with a story that Stone was on friendly terms with secessionists in the neighborhood.

一名黑人难民从利斯堡过来，讲述了斯通与附近的分离主义者关系友好的故事。

This hazy tale was of a piece with the Committee’s flimsy evidence.

这个模糊的故事与委员会脆弱的证据是一致的。

But it was enough for McClellan.

但这对麦克莱伦来说已经足够了。

He transmitted the information to Stanton and consented to arrest Stone.

他将信息转交给斯坦顿并同意逮捕斯通。

At midnight on February 8 Stone was placed in custody and taken to Fort Lafayette in New York harbor.

2 月 8 日午夜，斯通被拘留并被带到纽约港的拉斐特堡。

To the last he was confident that McClellan would save him from disgrace.

直到最后，他仍然坚信麦克莱伦会拯救他免遭耻辱。

The Wade Committee always denied that it had been the instigating force behind the arrest.

韦德委员会始终否认自己是此次逮捕的幕后煽动力量。

All it had been, said Wade, was to collect evidence that seemed to impugn Stone’s loyalty and turn the evidence over to others to judge.

韦德说，这一切只是为了收集似乎质疑斯通忠诚度的证据，并将这些证据交给其他人来判断。

All of which was poppycock, as Wade well knew and once came close to admitting.

所有这些都是胡说八道，韦德很清楚并且一度几乎承认这一点。

Stone’s friends in the Senate tried to smoke out the chairman on the Committee’s role in the affair.

斯通在参议院的朋友试图就委员会在该事件中所扮演的角色向主席提出质疑。

Wade would not say the Committee had forced Stone’s arrest, but he conceded it had done something.

韦德不会说委员会强迫逮捕了斯通，但他承认委员会确实做了一些事情。

In thinly veiled phrases he charged that Stone was a traitor.

他毫不掩饰地指责斯通是叛徒。

People who invoked the Constitution to defend Stone, Wade said, were in reality Rebel sympathizers.

韦德说，援引宪法为斯通辩护的人实际上是叛军的同情者。

It did not matter that the proof against Stone was not conclusive.

针对斯通的证据并不确凿，但这并不重要。

In a dangerous crisis like a war the government could not afford to wait for complete proof.

在战争这样的危险危机中，政府不能等待完整的证据。

It must punish immediately before the suspect could damage the government.

它必须在嫌疑人损害政府之前立即进行惩罚。

At Fort Lafayette Stone was placed in solitary confinement in a small room.

在拉斐特堡，斯通被单独监禁在一个小房间里。

At the end of fifty days his doctor protested that this harsh treatment was destroying the general’s health.

五十天结束时，他的医生抗议说这种严厉的治疗正在损害将军的健康。

He was then transferred by order of the War Department to Fort Hamilton.

然后根据陆军部的命令，他被转移到汉密尔顿堡。

He remained in prison for a total period of 189 days.

他在监狱里总共待了 189 天。

During this time he made repeated requests to the government for a military trial, or, if there were no charges against him, for permission to return to the army.

在此期间，他多次请求政府进行军事审判，或者，如果没有对他提出指控，则允许他重返军队。

He received no answer.

他没有收到任何答复。

The War Department’s refusal to grant him a hearing violated the Articles of War, which specified that an arrested officer was entitled to a prompt trial.

陆军部拒绝为他举行听证会违反了《战争条款》，其中规定被捕军官有权立即接受审判。

But how could Stone be tried?

但如何才能审判斯通呢？

Nobody knew exactly what he was guilty of.

没有人确切知道他犯了什么罪。

Finally, in August, 1862 after repeated protests by Stone’s supporters in Congress, Stanton ordered his release.

最终，1862 年 8 月，在斯通的支持者在国会多次抗议后，斯坦顿下令释放他。

He was a free man, but he had received no official vindication and no promise that he would he restored to command.

他是一个自由人，但没有得到官方的平反，也没有得到恢复指挥权的承诺。

For months he waited for orders.

几个月来，他一直在等待命令。

Then he went to Washington to ask for an active assignment and to take steps to clear his name.

然后他前往华盛顿寻求积极的任务，并采取措施洗清自己的罪名。

He saw Lincoln, Stanton, and other dignitaries.

他见到了林肯、斯坦顿和其他政要。

Everyone sympathized with him and denounced the perpetrators of his arrest—and threw the blame on someone else.

每个人都同情他，谴责逮捕他的肇事者，并将责任归咎于其他人。

His request for a court of inquiry were brushed aside: really, General Stone, that is not necessary.

他要求成立调查法庭的请求被搁置了：真的，斯通将军，这没有必要。

The most that he could wring from the authorities was permission to re-appear before the Committee.

他最多能从当局那里得到的许可就是再次出席委员会的听证会。

On February 27, 1863, Stone met the inquisitors for the third time.

1863 年 2 月 27 日，斯通第三次会见审判官。

His final appearance was a triumphant acquittal.

他的最后一次出庭宣告无罪释放。

He had now seen a copy of the testimony and the charges against him, and could answer each accusation specifically.

他现在已经看到了证词和对他的指控的副本，并且可以具体回答每项指控。

He easily demolished the Committee’s previous indictment.

他轻易地推翻了委员会之前的起诉书。

Wade, in seeming astonishment, asked “Why did you not give these explanations when you were here before?” Stone replied, “Because …

韦德似乎很惊讶地问道：“你以前来的时候为什么不做出这些解释？”斯通回答说：“因为……

the committee did not state to me the particular cases …

委员会没有向我说明具体案件……

I gave general answers to general allegations.”

我对一般性指控给出了一般性回答。”

This was as close as Stone ever came to any official exoneration.

这是斯通最接近官方无罪的一次。

He was never able to secure the formal trial which he desired, nor could he be assigned to his old command.

他始终无法获得他所希望的正式审判，也无法被分配到原来的指挥部。

For a period he served in the Gulf Department.

他曾在海湾部门任职一段时间。

Later he returned to the East to command a brigade in the Army of the Potomac.

后来他回到东部，指挥波托马克军团的一个旅。

Before embarking on the spring campaign in 1814, he wrote a final appeal to Lincoln: “This will be the last letter which I shall address to you during my life, or to justify myself in history …

在 1814 年开始春季竞选之前，他给林肯写了最后一封呼吁书：“这将是我一生中写给您的最后一封信，或者是为了在历史上为自己辩护……

I respectfully ask, for the sake of the service which I have loved and never dishonored, and for the sake of my name in history …

为了我所热爱的、从未受过侮辱的服务，为了我的名字载入史册，我恭敬地请求……

that some act, some word, some order may issue from the Executive which shall place my name clear of reproach, as I know it should be.”

行政部门可能会发布某种行为、某种言论、某种命令，使我的名字免受指责，正如我所知道的那样。”

The act, the word, the order never came.

行动、言语、命令从未到来。

Even if he had been a brilliant soldier, his usefulness was ended.

即使他曾经是一名出色的士兵，他的用处也已经结束了。

Wherever he went, that cloud of suspicion, unknown and damning, moved with him.

无论他走到哪里，那股未知的、令人诅咒的怀疑云都伴随着他。

In 1864 he resigned his commission.

1864年，他辞去职务。

After the war Stone had no trouble seeming employment.

战后，斯通找工作没有遇到任何困难。

Mining and construction companies were eager to hire his engineering talents.

采矿和建筑公司都渴望聘请他的工程人才。

In 1870 he went to Egypt to be chief of staff of the khedive’s army.

1870年，他前往埃及担任赫迪夫军队参谋长。

He returned to the United States in 1883 and his death came in 1887.

他于 1883 年返回美国，并于 1887 年去世。

Ironically, in his last job he superintended the laying of the foundation of the Statue of Liberty.

具有讽刺意味的是，在他的上一份工作中，他负责监督自由女神像的奠基工作。

For over 75 years, American Heritage has chronicled our nation's history like no other publication.

75 年来，《美国遗产》以无与伦比的方式记录了我们国家的历史。

Please support our trusted, non-partisan historical writing and the volunteers that sustain it by donating today.

请通过今天的捐赠来支持我们值得信赖的、无党派的历史写作以及维持它的志愿者。

We rely on contributions from readers like you to survive.

我们依靠像您这样的读者的贡献才能生存。

Donate

捐赠

For 75 years, American Heritage has been the leading magazine of U.S. history, politics, and culture.

75 年来，《美国遗产》一直是美国历史、政治和文化的领先杂志。