Zoot Suit Riots
Narration: On a clear night in August of 1942, a group of Mexican American teenagers from LA's 38th street headed to a swimming hole called Sleepy Lagoon.
旁白：1942 年 8 月一个晴朗的夜晚，一群来自洛杉矶第 38 街的墨西哥裔美国青少年前往一个名为“沉睡泻湖”的游泳洞。
Riding in the car was Hank Leyvas.
坐在车里的是汉克·莱瓦斯。
Earlier that evening Hank and his girlfriend had been beaten by Mexican American kids from another neighborhood.
那天晚上早些时候，汉克和他的女朋友被来自另一个社区的墨西哥裔美国孩子殴打。
Hank was determined to defend his sweetheart’s honor.
汉克决心捍卫他心上人的荣誉。
As they approached Sleepy Lagoon, the sounds of a party filtered through the trees…
当他们接近沉睡泻湖时，聚会的声音透过树林传来……
and Hank Leyvas thought he had found the boys he was looking for.
汉克·莱瓦斯认为他已经找到了他要找的男孩。
The ten-minute fight at Sleepy Lagoon had all the markings of a typical teenage rumble…except for what neighbors discovered later that night.
沉睡泻湖的十分钟打斗具有典型青少年吵闹的所有特征……除了邻居那天晚上发现的情况之外。
In the light of the full moon, Jose Diaz, a twenty-two year-old about to go off to wa r , lay dying.
在满月的光辉下，即将上战场的二十二岁的何塞·迪亚兹躺在床上，生命垂危。
He had been beaten and stabbed.
他遭到殴打和刺伤。
Edward Escobar, Historian: “During the summer of 1942, there had been growing concern about Mexican-American youth crime.
历史学家爱德华·埃斯科瓦尔 (Edward Escobar)：“1942 年夏天，人们对墨西哥裔美国青年犯罪问题越来越关注。
“
“
[10:13:42] ” when the Sleepy Lagoon case broke, and Jose Diaz’s body was found…
[10:13:42]”当沉睡泻湖案爆发，何塞·迪亚兹的尸体被发现时……
“
“
“it came at exactly the right moment for the hysteria to erupt.
“这正是歇斯底里爆发的正确时刻。
“
“
Narration In the 1940’s, one Mexican kid killing another didn't attract much interest from authorities.
旁白 在 20 世纪 40 年代，一名墨西哥儿童杀害另一名儿童并没有引起当局的太大兴趣。
But in war-time Los Angeles Jose Diaz’s murder would play out differently.
但在战时的洛杉矶，何塞·迪亚兹的谋杀案将会有不同的结果。
The police department stormed the city’s Mexican American community.
警察局突袭了该市的墨西哥裔美国人社区。
The arrest and trial of Leyvas and others from the 38 th St. neighborhood raised fears that Mexican youth were out of control.
莱瓦斯和来自第 38 街社区的其他人的被捕和审判引发了人们对墨西哥年轻人失控的担忧。
Within months the city would be gripped by brutal racial rioting…
几个月之内，这座城市将陷入残酷的种族骚乱……
Mexican Americans would point to the riots of 1943 as the darkest days of their long history in the City of the Angels.
墨西哥裔美国人将 1943 年的骚乱视为他们在这座天使之城漫长历史中最黑暗的日子。
Narration In 1942 the mood in the city of the angels was eerie.
旁白 1942 年，天使之城的气氛令人毛骨悚然。
The country was at war.
该国正处于战争状态。
On the streets, the talk was of spies and traitors.
街上谈论的是间谍和叛徒。
Suspicions swirled around young Mexican Americans.
年轻的墨西哥裔美国人周围充满了怀疑。
Fears abounded that rebellious kids were being manipulated by enemy agents.
人们普遍担心叛逆的孩子会被敌方特工操纵。
George Sanchez, Historian: “In the local papers, you saw often columns right next to each other.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯 (George Sanchez)：“在当地报纸上，您经常会看到彼此相邻的专栏。
[12:28:22] Japan is doing this.
[12:28:22] 日本正在这样做。
Our local threat is these Mexican-American youth.
我们当地的威胁是这些墨西哥裔美国青年。
“
“
Narration Less than a hundred years before, Los Angeles belonged to Mexico.
旁白 不到一百年前，洛杉矶属于墨西哥。
Business was conducted in Spanish…and streets had names like Eternidad and Chapule.
生意是用西班牙语进行的……街道的名字有埃特尼达（Eternidad）和查普尔（Chapule）之类的。
But by 1942, Nuestra Senora de Los Angeles was now simply Los Angeles…and more than just the name of the city had changed.
但到了 1942 年，Nuestra Senora de Los Angeles 现在更名为洛杉矶……而且改变的不仅仅是城市的名称。
Chapule became Pearl St. and Eternidad became Broadway.
查普勒变成了珍珠街，埃特尼达变成了百老汇。
As Los Angeles grew, Mexican Americans came to be viewed as foreigners in a city established by their ancestors.
随着洛杉矶的发展，墨西哥裔美国人在这座由其祖先建立的城市中逐渐被视为外国人。
Within 48 hours of Jose Diaz’s murder, six hundred young Mexican Americans were caught in a dragnet.
何塞·迪亚兹被谋杀后 48 小时内，六百名年轻的墨西哥裔美国人陷入了天罗地网。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “They picked up everybody that was over 12, and up to 25.
Lupe Leyvas，修女：“他们接走了所有 12 岁以上、25 岁以下的人。
You couldn't walk out on the street, because they would take you.
你不能走到街上，因为他们会带走你。
So the word went out in the neighborhood "They're picking up everybody.
于是邻居们就传开了“他们要带走所有人”的消息。
And it's about a fight.
这是关于一场战斗。
And it's about somebody got killed." Then, the parents would go to the other parents and tell them "Look, they're doing this and that.
是关于有人被杀的。”然后，父母会去找其他父母并告诉他们“看，他们正在做这做那。
Keep the kids in the house." we were just peeking out the windows.
让孩子们留在屋子里。”我们只是往窗外看。
Police were all over the streets.”
街上到处都是警察。”
Edward Escobar, Historian: “The police did regularly harass Mexican kids on the street because they thought of them as being the criminal element.
历史学家爱德华·埃斯科瓦尔：“警察确实经常在街上骚扰墨西哥儿童，因为他们认为他们是犯罪分子。
If the kid just looks suspicious, they would pick them up.
如果孩子看起来很可疑，他们就会把他们抓起来。
If the kid looked sullen or didn't give proper respect, that kid could get beat up by the police.
如果这个孩子看起来闷闷不乐或者没有给予应有的尊重，那个孩子可能会被警察殴打。
There are a number of instances in which Mexican kids said, you know, if you're on the street after 8 o'clock, just be careful.
在很多情况下，墨西哥孩子都会说，你知道，如果你八点后在街上，请小心。
You've got to get off the streets.”
你必须离开街道。”
Narration Hank Leyvas was no stranger to the LAPD.
旁白 汉克·莱瓦斯 (Hank Leyvas) 对洛杉矶警察局并不陌生。
Leyvas was routinely picked up by police when the suspect of a crime was ambiguously described as an “unknown Mexican.”
当犯罪嫌疑人被含糊地描述为“身份不明的墨西哥人”时，莱瓦斯经常被警方逮捕。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “From the perspective of the LAPD, Henry was a delinquent with a chip on his shoulder, largely because he was the kind of kid who would stand up for his rights.
历史学家爱德华多·帕根（Eduardo Pagan）：“从洛杉矶警察局的角度来看，亨利是一个心怀不满的罪犯，很大程度上是因为他是那种会捍卫自己权利的孩子。
He would protest assaults upon him.
他会抗议对他的攻击。
He would protest if he was arrested, for example.
例如，如果他被捕，他就会抗议。
He would challenge them.”
他会挑战他们。”
Narration: By the summer of 1942 his life seemed headed in a new direction.
旁白：1942 年夏天，他的生活似乎正朝着新的方向发展。
He had enlisted in the Merchant Marine, even been issued a uniform.
他加入了商船队，甚至还获得了制服。
But now he was a suspect in the murder of Jose Diaz.
但现在他成为谋杀何塞·迪亚兹的嫌疑人。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “As soon as we pulled up, my mother started to get out of the car and the police surrounded the car, and they arrested my brother.
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“我们一停下来，我母亲就开始下车，警察包围了汽车，他们逮捕了我的兄弟。
I asked them, "Where are you taking him?" and they said "To the 77th Police Station.”
我问他们：“你们要带他去哪里？”他们说：“去77派出所。”
Narration Decades of discrimination had forced the Mexican American community to turn inward.
旁白 数十年的歧视迫使墨西哥裔美国人社区转向内向。
By the 1940’s LA’s 250,000 Mexican Americans lived in a series of tight-knit neighborhoods called barrios.
到 1940 年代，洛杉矶有 25 万墨西哥裔美国人居住在一系列紧密相连的社区，称为巴里奥斯 (barrios)。
The communities were traditional, conservative, and self-contained.
这些社区是传统的、保守的、自给自足的。
But like many Mexican Americans of his generation Hank Leyvas refused to accept the confines of the barrio.There was a different America outside their neighborhood and Hank and others like him wanted to claim a piece for themselves.
但就像他这一代的许多墨西哥裔美国人一样，汉克·莱瓦斯拒绝接受贫民区的限制。在他们的社区之外，有一个不同的美国，汉克和其他像他一样的人想为自己争取一块。
George Sanchez, Historian: "The tensions that arose from this sort of splitting of culture, is that often parents really saw their children disappearing from them.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯（George Sanchez）：“这种文化分裂所产生的紧张局势是，父母常常亲眼目睹自己的孩子从他们身边消失。
From the sanctity of the barrio, from the cultural world.
来自巴里奥的神圣，来自文化世界。
Even though physically they remained, they more often were the people that would venture into various aspects of American culture.”
尽管他们的身体仍然存在，但他们更多时候是愿意冒险进入美国文化各个方面的人。”
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: "These kids spoke to each other in English.
历史学家爱德华多·帕甘（Eduardo Pagan）：“这些孩子用英语互相交谈。
And it was an English that was punctuated by jazz phrases; "cool", "hip", "on time.” All of these kinds of things that they very clearly drew from the jazz culture during this period.”
这是一种夹杂着爵士乐短语的英语； “酷”、“时髦”、“准时”。他们非常清楚地从这一时期的爵士文化中汲取了所有这些东西。”
"And some of the boys from 38th Street will tell you they had no Spanish during this time.
“一些来自 38 街的男孩会告诉你，他们这段时间没有西班牙语。
They didn't speak Spanish."
他们不会说西班牙语。”
Narration The wartime economy put money in the kids’ pockets.
旁白 战时经济让孩子们有了钱。
In 1942 they were spending it on big ballooned pants, pegged at the ankle and long baggy coats; a style borrowed from African Americans, it was called the zoot suit.
1942 年，他们把钱花在了脚踝处的大气球裤和宽松的长外套上；一种借鉴非裔美国人的风格，被称为“佐特套装”。
The zoot-suit was everywhere.
佐特套装随处可见。
In the night clubs kids in zoot-suits ruled the dance floor.
在夜总会里，穿着佐特服的孩子们统治了舞池。
Their stoic moves…the essence of LA cool.
他们坚忍的举动……洛杉矶酷的精髓。
Art Arenas: “All they do is get the girl’s arm like that, and she go around him, and he put his arm out this way, and then she’d go around about three times, and he go like that, because that guy was not going to move.”
Art Arenas：“他们所做的就是像那样抓住女孩的手臂，然后她绕着他转，然后他把手臂伸出来，然后她绕着大约三圈，然后他就那样走，因为那个家伙不会动。”
“…he didn't want to wrinkle the coat or nothing.”
“……他不想让外套起皱或者什么都不想。”
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “As soon as they would get out of the house they would beeline straight down to Central Avenue where a lot of jazz clubs were.
历史学家爱德华多·帕根 (Eduardo Pagan)：“他们一走出家门，就会直奔中央大街，那里有很多爵士俱乐部。
And they would go there to listen to jazz artists, and to dance the swing.
他们会去那里听爵士乐艺术家的演奏，并跳秋千。
And all of these things that their Mexican parents would probably not have approved of.
所有这些事情他们的墨西哥父母可能不会批准。
And they found ways of sneaking around.
他们找到了偷偷摸摸的方法。
And in fact, wearing the zoot suit, I would say, was part of that.”
事实上，我想说，穿着佐特套装就是其中的一部分。”
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: "Many times I wore my skirt just above my knee until I got around the corner, then I'd roll it up at the waste, and so that it would be really short.
Lupe Leyvas，修女：“很多时候我都把裙子穿在膝盖以上，直到拐角处，然后我会把它卷起来，这样裙子就会很短。
Then coming back from school, we'd just pull them down.”
然后从学校回来，我们就把它们拉下来。”
"The boys wore their pants very wide at the knee...They were always to be 40 inches at the knees, and 10 to 11 inches at the cuff, so they were very ballooned out, very high wasted.”
“男孩们穿的裤子膝盖处很宽……膝盖处总是 40 英寸，袖口处 10 到 11 英寸，所以它们非常膨胀，非常浪费。”
Narration Their outrageous clothes and cocky attitudes shocked their traditional parents who feared their sons and daughters were becoming pachucos.
旁白 他们令人震惊的衣着和傲慢的态度让他们的传统父母感到震惊，他们担心自己的儿子和女儿会变成帕丘科人。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “In Los Angeles in the early forties, the word "pachuco" meant punk.
历史学家 Eduardo Pagan：“四十年代初在洛杉矶，“pachuco”这个词的意思是朋克。
These were ill-mannered kids.
这些都是没有礼貌的孩子。
These weren't the kids that you wanted your children to hang out with.”
这些不是你想让你的孩子一起出去玩的孩子。”
Narration Many white Los Angelenos felt threatened by their assertive presence.
许多洛杉矶白人因他们自信的存在而感到威胁。
To them, any Mexican kid in a zoot suit was a potential pachuco…
对他们来说，任何穿着佐特服的墨西哥孩子都是潜在的帕丘科……
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “…by wearing their zoot suits, and swaggering down the streets in public, these kids defied the norms of segregation” "It's hard for us to imagine, but to go back in the context in the 1940s when everything around you told you you're not one of us.
历史学家爱德华多·帕根 (Eduardo Pagan)：“……这些孩子穿着祖特服，在公共场合大摇大摆地走在街上，他们藐视种族隔离的规范。”“我们很难想象，但要回到 20 世纪 40 年代的背景，当时周围的一切都告诉你，你不是我们中的一员。
You're not American.
你不是美国人。
And because you're not American, because you're not white, you're supposed to remain in your neighborhoods.
因为你不是美国人，因为你不是白人，所以你应该留在你的社区。
You can't go to our clubs.
你不能去我们的俱乐部。
You can't go to our restaurants.
你不能去我们的餐馆。
You can't go to our movies, and on, and on, and on.
你不能去看我们的电影，等等。
And of course that’s going to breed some sort of resentment.”
当然，这会滋生某种怨恨。”
Narration The tension on LA’s streets was heightened by the presence of 50,000 sailors looking for a way to let off steam before heading off to war.
旁白 50,000 名水手在出发前寻找发泄的方式，这加剧了洛杉矶街道上的紧张气氛。
George Sanchez, Historian: “Well, the tensions between servicemen and Mexican-American boys I think came from a lot of different places.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯：“嗯，我认为军人和墨西哥裔美国男孩之间的紧张关系来自很多不同的地方。
The first place to look is in terms of the servicemen's own backgrounds.
首先要看军人自身的背景。
Uh, a lot of these servicemen, uh, were coming from other parts of the United States.
呃，这些军人中有很多，呃，来自美国其他地区。
They were not familiar with Mexican-Americans.
他们对墨西哥裔美国人并不熟悉。
And they really were not accustomed to not only the diversity of Los Angeles, but the kind of interaction one would see on the city streets…"
他们不仅不习惯洛杉矶的多样性，而且不习惯在城市街道上看到的那种互动……”
Narration The charged atmosphere sparked frequent street battles between sailors from the Naval Armory and Mexican American boys from the surrounding community called Chavez Ravine.
紧张的气氛引发了海军军械库的水手和来自周围查韦斯峡谷社区的墨西哥裔美国男孩之间频繁的巷战。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “I think many of the Mexican-American kids during this period came to terms with segregation by seeing their neighborhoods as their neighborhoods.
历史学家爱德华多·帕根（Eduardo Pagan）：“我认为这一时期的许多墨西哥裔美国孩子通过将他们的社区视为他们的社区来接受种族隔离。
They resented the presence of whites, particularly, if you can imagine, white military personnel during this period pumped up, uh, by boot camp, ready to go out, and lick the Japs, andlick the Nazis.”
他们憎恨白人的存在，尤其是，如果你能想象的话，白人军事人员在这一时期在新兵训练营里兴奋不已，准备出去打败日本人和纳粹。”
Narration The sailors making their way back from a night on the town had no alternative but to cut through a mostly Mexican-American neighborhood.
旁白 水手们在镇上过夜后返回时别无选择，只能穿过一个以墨西哥裔美国人为主的社区。
George Bray: “Going down that canyon from the armory, – Mexican kids would sit up there on the side of the hill as we were walking down the road there…”
乔治·布雷：“从军械库走下峡谷，当我们沿着那里的路走时，墨西哥孩子会坐在山边……”
“You never wanted to get caught by yourself as a sailor in that area, by going there, in one, single file.
“作为一名水手，你永远不想在那个地区被自己发现，排成一队去那里。
You’re asking for trouble.
你这是在自找麻烦。
You’re really asking for trouble.”
你真是自找麻烦。”
Reno Sanetti: “At the base, they told us to go down to the sail shop and they sewed thirteen pennies in the back of our neckerchief, that if any of the Pachucos came after you, you'd take that neckerchief off and use it as a billy club.
雷诺·萨内蒂：“在基地，他们让我们去风帆店，他们在我们的围巾后面缝了十三枚硬币，如果有任何帕丘科人来追你，你就把围巾摘下来，用它作为比利棍。
Thirteen pennies can give you quite a blow.
十三便士可以给你很大的打击。
And we all had that.”
我们都有过这样的经历。”
Narration Each fight provided an excuse for the next.
旁白 每一次战斗都为下一次战斗提供了借口。
Sailors insulted Mexican American teenagers and they in turn taunted the sailors.
水手们侮辱墨西哥裔美国青少年，而他们又嘲笑水手们。
The police had their own problems with LA’s Mexican youth.
警察对洛杉矶的墨西哥年轻人也有自己的问题。
Edward Escobar, Historian: “During the war years, the LAPD felt frustrated.
历史学家爱德华·埃斯科巴：“在战争年代，洛杉矶警察局感到沮丧。
…
……
they were losing their best and most experienced police officers to go off into the army and the navy, into the service.
他们失去了最优秀、最有经验的警察，转而去陆军和海军服役。
And in addition to that, they were faced with this new phenomenon of the zoot suiters.”
除此之外，他们还面临着“动物园追随者”这一新现象。”
"You don't know how many times you heard that they were going to take their kid gloves off.
“你不知道有多少次听说他们要脱掉他们的小手套。
They were going to deal with the zoot suiters, harshly now, that they wanted to really step forward and deal with what they saw as this criminal element in a very harsh manner."
他们现在要严厉地对待动物园追随者，他们想真正向前迈出一步，以非常严厉的方式处理他们所认为的犯罪分子。”
Narration Inside the interrogation room of the 77 th precinct, Hank Leyvas could not have imagined what was in store for him.
旁白 在第 77 分局的审讯室内，汉克·莱瓦斯无法想象等待他的是什么。
The Sleepy Lagoon case was playing out like a Hollywood movie.
沉睡泻湖案的进展就像一部好莱坞电影。
Hank was the villain.
汉克是恶棍。
The ending to this story would surprise everyone.
这个故事的结局让所有人都大吃一惊。
Narration The arrest of Leyvas and twenty-one other boys made front-page news.
旁白 莱瓦斯和其他二十一个男孩的被捕成为头版新闻。
Hank and his friends did admit to engaging in a fight, but they denied killing Jose Diaz.They stuck to their story despite tough treatment by the police.
汉克和他的朋友确实承认打架，但他们否认杀死何塞·迪亚兹。尽管受到警方的严厉对待，他们仍坚持自己的说法。
Henry Ynostrosa, Sleepy Lagoon Defendant: “They put gloves on so they won’t mark their hands up, you know?
沉睡泻湖被告亨利·伊诺斯特罗萨（Henry Ynostrosa）：“他们戴上手套，这样就不会在手上做记号，你知道吗？
And just whip you.
然后就鞭打你。
Just hit you all over.
简直把你打得遍体鳞伤。
The body, the face, and everything.
身体，脸，一切。
In the legs, kick you in the legs.
在腿上，踢你的腿。
Yes.
是的。
And they were trying to get a confession.”
他们试图让他们招供。”
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “ We got to the police station, and I went up to the counter.
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“我们到了警察局，我走到柜台前。
And I asked if we could see my brother, Hank, that he had just been picked up, and what could we do?
我问我们是否可以见见我的弟弟汉克，他刚刚被接走，我们能做什么？
And the officer said; he looked it up.
军官说：他查了一下。
He said "Yes, he's the leader." I said "Well, I am not sure that you've got the right person, if you're calling him the leader." He said "No, we know who you want." He said "You want to see Hank." They opened the door, and I saw my brother, but I didn't even recognize him.
他说：“是的，他是领导。”我说：“好吧，如果你称他为领导者，我不确定你是否找对了人。”他说：“不，我们知道你想要谁。”他说：“你想见汉克。”他们打开门，我看到了我的兄弟，但我什至不认识他。
They had him handcuffed, the hands were behind the chairs.
他们给他戴上手铐，双手放在椅子后面。
He had his head down.
他低着头。
His lip was hanging all below his chin.
他的嘴唇垂在下巴下面。
And I called to him, but he didn't lift his head up.
我叫他，但他没有抬起头。
He was knocked out.
他被击倒了。
He said "Well, now you've seen him."
他说：“好吧，现在你已经看到他了。”
Narration Hank claimed that one of the cops who beat him was Chief Clem Peoples.
旁白汉克声称殴打他的警察之一是克莱姆·皮普尔斯酋长。
The Chief was the lead investigator on the Sleepy Lagoon case.
局长是沉睡泻湖案的首席调查员。
When the largest mass trial in California history began in October of 1942, Peoples was there, building a case against Hank and the boys in the courtroom and writing articles about Sleepy Lagoon in the pulp press.
1942 年 10 月，加州历史上规模最大的大规模审判开始时，皮普尔斯也在场，在法庭上对汉克和男孩们提起诉讼，并在纸浆出版社撰写有关沉睡泻湖的文章。
Presiding over the case was the honorable Charles Fricke, a well-respected judge known as a law and order man.
主持此案的是尊敬的查尔斯·弗里克（Charles Fricke），他是一位受人尊敬的法官，也是一位法律和秩序人。
Bill Shibley: “Dad used to talk about Fricke as a prosecutor’s judge.
比尔·希布利：“爸爸过去常常谈论弗里克作为检察官的法官。
Judge Fricke, according to my father, would take his prosecutors aside over lunch hours and educate them on how to introduce evidence.
据我父亲说，弗里克法官会在午餐时间将他的检察官带到一边，并教育他们如何提出证据。
Uh, he prided himself in knowing criminal law better than anybody.
呃，他为自己比任何人都了解刑法而感到自豪。
I think my father felt that he thought of himself as infallible and tended to look down at counsel and look down at people that he didn’t agree with.”
我认为我的父亲觉得他认为自己是绝对正确的，并且倾向于看不起建议，看不起那些他不同意的人。”
Narration Overruling objections from the defense, Judge Fricke sat all the defendants together, isolating them from their lawyers.
弗里克法官驳回了辩方的反对意见，将所有被告坐在一起，将他们与律师隔离开来。
Since their arrest the defendants had not been allowed to get haircuts or clean clothes.
自被捕以来，被告一直不被允许理发或干净的衣服。
Defense attorneys requested that the defendants be permitted to clean up.
辩护律师要求允许被告进行清理工作。
Their request was denied.
他们的要求被拒绝了。
The Judge ruled that the boys’ appearance was relevant to the case.
法官裁定男孩的外表与本案有关。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: That's the way they are, that's the way they have to be out here.
Lupe Leyvas，修女：他们就是这样，他们就应该这样。
He said "They wear long, duck tail hair, and no, we're not allowing them to take haircuts.
他说：“他们留着长长的鸭尾毛，不，我们不允许他们理发。
So nothing was allowed, so naturally, they looked really bad.”
所以什么都不被允许，所以自然地，他们看起来真的很糟糕。”
Alice Greenfield McGrath, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee: “The jury was looking at the defendants who sat in two rows of seats opposite them and their dislike of the defendants was palpable.
沉睡泻湖辩护委员会的爱丽丝·格林菲尔德·麦格拉思（Alice Greenfield McGrath）：“陪审团正在看着坐在他们对面两排座位上的被告，他们对被告的厌恶是显而易见的。
They did not like those people they were looking at.”
他们不喜欢他们所看到的那些人。”
Narration Hank and the other boys looked like vagabonds, said one observer.
旁白 一位观察者说，汉克和其他男孩看起来就像流浪汉。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “They were no longer those young men that took their pride in their clothes.
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“他们不再是那些以自己的衣服为荣的年轻人了。
They didn't have that.”
他们没有那个。”
Narration Only Hank Leyvas grasped the significance of the trial…
旁白 只有汉克·莱瓦斯明白这次审判的意义……
his conviction would send a message that the city had Mexican youth crime under control.
他的定罪将传达一个信息：该市已控制墨西哥青少年犯罪。
Rudy Leyvas, Brother, Hank Leyvas: “My brother Hank knew that he was going to be the one that they were going to zero in on.
汉克·莱瓦斯兄弟鲁迪·莱瓦斯：“我的兄弟汉克知道他将成为他们要归零的人。
He was very aware of what was happening.”
他非常清楚正在发生的事情。”
Alice Greenfield McGrath, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee: “Hank was cast as the villain because both in personality and size — he was like larger than, than the others …”
沉睡泻湖防御委员会的爱丽丝·格林菲尔德·麦格拉思：“汉克被选为反派，因为无论是性格还是身材——他都比其他人大……”
Narration: The prosecution painted a picture of the 38 th St group as ruthless killers, with Hank as their leader.
旁白：检方将第38圣团描绘成冷酷无情的杀手，汉克是他们的领袖。
When the 38 th St. kids took the stand, they told a different story.
当第 38 届圣孩子们出庭时，他们讲述了一个不同的故事。
They said they were driving around that night looking for the boys who had attacked Hank and his girlfriend earlier that evening.
他们说，那天晚上他们开车四处寻找当晚早些时候袭击汉克和他女朋友的男孩。
As they approached the party…two of the girls found Jose Diaz lying in the shadows.
当她们接近派对时……两个女孩发现何塞·迪亚兹躺在阴影中。
He had been beaten and stabbed.
他遭到殴打和刺伤。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “Blood is streaming down from both sides of his face.
历史学家爱德华多·帕甘（Eduardo Pagan）：“血从他的脸两侧流下来。
There's blood coming also out of his mouth.
嘴里也有血流出来。
He's breathing quite shallow.
他的呼吸很浅。
And this is when they find him.
这就是他们找到他的时候。
Already unconscious before the fight broke out.”
在战斗爆发之前就已经失去知觉了。”
Narration As the girls attended to Jose…Hank and his friends went on the attack.
旁白 当女孩们照顾何塞时……汉克和他的朋友们发起了攻击。
When the brief fight broke up, the girls helping Jose were pulled away.
短暂的打斗结束后，帮助何塞的女孩们被拉走了。
One of the boys spotted Diaz on the ground and hit him.
其中一名男孩发现迪亚兹倒在地上并殴打了他。
The defendants admitted that one of their group had struck Diaz but under oath, they denied any responsibility for his death.
被告承认他们的一伙人袭击了迪亚兹，但在宣誓后，他们否认对迪亚兹的死亡负有任何责任。
Though never charged in connection with the murder, the girls from 38 th St were portrayed in the press as every bit as dangerous as the boys.
尽管从未被指控与这起谋杀案有关，但媒体将 38 街的女孩描绘成和男孩一样危险。
Elizabeth Escobedo, U.
伊丽莎白·埃斯科贝多，U.
of Washington: “It was plastered all over the papers that girls took part in this murderous foray the night that Jose Diaz was killed.
华盛顿邮报：“报纸上到处都报道说，在何塞·迪亚兹被杀的那天晚上，女孩们参与了这场凶残的袭击。
And that was a huge part of the story, that women were actually on the streets fighting with boys..”
这是故事的一个重要部分，女人实际上在街上与男孩打架……”
Narration: Eight girls were called to testify by the prosecution.
旁白：检方传唤八名女孩出庭作证。
One after another they refused to cooperate.
他们纷纷拒绝合作。
One of them was Lorena Encinas.
洛雷娜·恩西纳斯就是其中之一。
She knew who killed Jose Diaz, but she would not reveal her secret.
她知道是谁杀了何塞·迪亚兹，但她不愿透露自己的秘密。
Hank Leyvas’s mother remained hopeful throughout the process.
汉克·莱瓦斯的母亲在整个过程中始终充满希望。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “My mother always thought that because her son was not guilty, that no matter what they do, at the end they're going to be released because they didn't have anything to do with the killing.”
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“我母亲一直认为，因为她的儿子无罪，所以无论他们做什么，最终都会被释放，因为他们与杀戮没有任何关系。”
Narration On January 12, 1943, the jury announced its verdict.
旁白 1943 年 1 月 12 日，陪审团宣布了裁决。
Alice Greenfield McGrath, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee: “When the jury came in and the verdict was read, the expression on the faces of the defendants were of horror.”
沉睡泻湖辩护委员会的爱丽丝·格林菲尔德·麦格拉思：“当陪审团进来宣读判决时，被告脸上的表情很恐怖。”
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “The mothers were all huddled together there.
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“母亲们都挤在一起。
I was there with them.
我和他们在一起。
Most of them didn't speak English.
他们中的大多数人不会说英语。
There was, I think, only two that spoke English.” “So we were quickly trying to translate to them what had happened.”
我想，只有两个人会说英语。” “所以我们很快就试图向他们解释所发生的事情。”
Narration Seventeen defendants were found guilty.
叙述 十七名被告被判有罪。
Hank Leyvas was sentenced to life.
汉克·莱瓦斯被判处终身监禁。
Rudy Leyvas, Brother: “Hank kind of expected that they would be found guilty.
鲁迪·莱瓦斯（Rudy Leyvas）兄弟：“汉克有点预计他们会被判有罪。
And he picked his head up.
他抬起头。
A lot of them just dropped their head down and looked to the floor.
他们中的许多人只是低下头，看着地板。
But he just picked his head up like he knew just what was coming.
但他只是抬起头，好像他知道接下来会发生什么。
My brother Hank knew what was going to come.”
我的兄弟汉克知道将会发生什么。”
Henry Ynostroza, Sleepy Lagoon Defendant “Some of the guys were in tears.
Henry Ynostroza，沉睡泻湖被告人 “有些人泪流满面。
Yes.
是的。
Ya know, and me and Hank Leyvas would tell them, buckle up, you suckers, you men.
你知道，我和汉克·莱瓦斯会告诉他们，系好安全带，你们这些傻瓜，你们这些男人。
Be a man.
做一个男人。
Stop crying.
别哭了。
We were hurting, too.
我们也很受伤。
But we weren’t trying to show it.
但我们并没有试图展示它。
We were trying to be machos and all that.
我们试图成为有男子气概的人等等。
A lot of guys were crying.”
很多人都哭了。”
Narration The boys were sent to San Quentin prison, 400 miles from home.
旁白 男孩们被送往距家 400 英里的圣昆廷监狱。
They weren’t the only ones who would do time.
他们并不是唯一愿意花时间的人。
The girls from 38 th St. were taken from their families and made wards of the state.
来自第 38 街的女孩们被从她们的家人身边带走，并受到国家的监护。
In a legal process that provided neither jury nor trial, they were sent away to an infamous reform school.
在既没有陪审团也没有审判的法律程序中，他们被送往一所臭名昭著的感化学校。
Elizabeth Escobedo, U.
伊丽莎白·埃斯科贝多，U.
of Washington: “The Ventura School for Girls at this time is really a very repressive institution, one that's custodial and disciplinary procedures completely rival the state prisons of the time.” “Young women would go to very drastic measures in order to escape going to the Ventura School for Girls because of its bad reputation.
华盛顿州州长：“此时的文图拉女子学校确实是一个非常压制性的机构，其监禁和纪律程序完全可以与当时的州立监狱相媲美。” “由于文图拉女子学校名声不好，年轻女性会采取非常严厉的措施，以逃避去该校的学习。
There were women at the juvenile hall who knew that they were going to be ultimately sentenced to the Ventura School and they were swallowing safety pins the night before in order to get out of it.”
少年管教所里的一些妇女知道她们最终将被判入文图拉学校，她们在前一天晚上吞下了安全别针，以便离开学校。”
Narration With the secret she held, Lorena Encinas could have made a deal.
旁白 凭借她所掌握的秘密，洛雷娜·恩西纳斯本可以达成一笔交易。
But she refused.
但她拒绝了。
She gave birth to a son, Ted, while an inmate at the school.
当她还是学校的囚犯时，她生了一个儿子泰德。
“My mother's reason for being there was for the mere reason that she failed to cooperate with the courts and divulge the information that they wanted her to, to name all the names of the people involved.”
“我母亲之所以出现在那里，仅仅是因为她没有与法院合作，没有透露他们希望她透露的信息，也没有说出所有涉案人员的名字。”
Narration During all the time she served at Ventura, Lorena kept details about Jose Diaz’s murder to herself.
旁白 在文图拉服役期间，洛雷娜一直对何塞·迪亚兹谋杀案的细节保密。
Her son was taken from her soon after his birth.
她的儿子出生后不久就被从她身边带走。
Narration: While the 38 th St. boys did time in San Quentin, prominent Los Angelenos were working to get them released.
旁白：当第 38 届圣男孩们在圣昆廷度过一段时光时，洛杉矶的知名人士正在努力让他们获释。
Believing the boys had been railroaded, Communists, intellectuals and Hollywood celebrities like Orson Welles and Rita Hayworth, lent their names to the newly-formed Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee.
共产主义者、知识分子和奥逊·威尔斯和丽塔·海华斯等好莱坞名人相信这些男孩已经被铁路带走，他们将自己的名字借给了新成立的沉睡泻湖防御委员会。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “I went to the Beverly Hills Hotel they said I had to go speak.
卢佩·莱瓦斯 (Lupe Leyvas) 修女：“我去了比佛利山庄酒店，他们说我必须去讲话。
[ She said] "Bring some clothes, we'll pick you up." I went as I dressed, with my knee high white socks, and my very short black skirt and white blouse.
[她说]“带点衣服，我们来接你。”我穿着齐膝的白色袜子、非常短的黑色裙子和白色衬衫。
They picked me up and we went to Rita Hayworth's house.
他们来接我，然后我们去了丽塔·海华斯的家。
And Rita Hayworth said "No, no, you can't wear that.
丽塔·海华斯说：“不，不，你不能穿那个。
You can get one of my dresses." And uh, my first formal belonged to Rita Hayworth.”
你可以买我的一件衣服。”呃，我的第一件正装是丽塔·海华斯的。”
Narration Political activists also joined the cause.
旁白 政治活动家也加入了这一事业。
Alice McGrath, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee
Alice McGrath，沉睡泻湖防御委员会
“…we had professional people, we had educators, we had -- we had congressmen, we had a lot of union people.”
“……我们有专业人士，我们有教育工作者，我们有国会议员，我们有很多工会人员。”
Narration The committee’s efforts to portray the defendants as innocent victims paid off.
旁白 委员会将被告描绘成无辜受害者的努力得到了回报。
Money to fund an appeal came in from across the country.
全国各地纷纷筹集资金支持呼吁。
Prominent members of the Committee visited the boys to reassure them they would not be forgotten.
委员会的知名成员拜访了这些男孩，并向他们保证他们不会被忘记。
Henry Ynostroza, Sleepy Lagoon Defendant: “And Anthony Quinn told us, don’t worry.
沉睡泻湖被告亨利·伊诺斯特罗扎 (Henry Ynostroza)：“安东尼·奎因告诉我们，别担心。
We’re going to beat this on appeal.
我们将在上诉中击败这一点。
Yes.
是的。
You were railroaded.
你被铁路困住了。
Listen, I’m behind you guys.”
听着，我在你们身后。”
Narration In the months following the trial the city grew more tense.
旁白 审判后的几个月里，这座城市变得更加紧张。
Skirmishes between sailors and zoot suiters became a daily occurrence.
水手和动物园爱好者之间的小冲突每天都会发生。
Marietta Lee: “The Pachucos would intimidate people.
玛丽埃塔·李：“帕丘科人会恐吓人们。
They would walk down the street, five abreast and if you walked around them they would laugh or stick their hand out and hit you.
他们会五个人并排走在街上，如果你绕过他们，他们会大笑或者伸出手来打你。
After a while you got, so you would go down the side streets instead of confronting them.”
过了一会儿，你就明白了，所以你会沿着小巷走，而不是与他们对峙。”
“A lot of them were from Mexico.
“其中很多人来自墨西哥。
They didn’t speak English.
他们不会说英语。
They didn’t adhere to our laws.
他们不遵守我们的法律。
They weren’t even geared up for the war effort.”
他们甚至没有为战争做好准备。”
Narration On June 3, 1943 the city exploded.
旁白 1943 年 6 月 3 日，这座城市发生了爆炸。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “As a group of service personnel were passing a group of civilian youth, one young man raised his hand in a manner that one of the sailors thought was threatening.
历史学家爱德华多·帕甘（Eduardo Pagan）：“当一群军人经过一群平民青年时，一名年轻人举起了手，其中一名水手认为这是一种威胁。
One of the sailors turned around, and grabbed the arm of the young civilian, and from that point the fight broke out.
一名水手转过身来，抓住了年轻平民的手臂，战斗由此爆发。
It seemed that both sides were primed for confrontation, and the street seemed to explode in a fight.
双方似乎已经做好了对抗的准备，街道上似乎爆发了一场战斗。
In the process, the sailor had his jaw broken, he was knocked unconscious, and his buddies had to drag him back to the armory.”
在这个过程中，水手的下巴被打断，他被打昏了，他的伙伴们不得不把他拖回军械库。”
Narration Later that night, a group of sailors armed with belts and clubs left the Naval armory and headed downtown.
旁白 那天晚上晚些时候，一群装备着腰带和棍棒的水手离开海军军械库，前往市中心。
The Zoot Suit Riots had begun.
佐特套装骚乱开始了。
George Bray: “We had a commanding officer.…
乔治·布雷：“我们有一位指挥官……
And he told the guys, he said, "Okay, men." He said, "We've had it." So he -- so the guys from the armory, they got out the gun belts and wrapped them around their hands and down they went and cleaned up town.”
他告诉这些人，他说：“好吧，伙计们。”他说：“我们已经受够了。”所以他——所以军械库的人，他们拿出枪带，把它们缠在手上，然后去清理城镇。”
Art Arenas: “I was in the theater downtown and watching a movie.
艺术竞技场：“我在市中心的剧院看电影。
All of a sudden the lights went on, and you hear a lot of noise -- commotion, and a lot of guys yelling or something.
突然灯亮了，你听到很多噪音——骚动，还有很多人大喊大叫什么的。
Now you turn around and you see these servicemen, beating the heck out of all these Mexicans.”
现在你转过身来，你会看到这些军人正在打败所有这些墨西哥人。”
Gloria Rios Berlin: “So, and there was a fight, not just with fisticuffs, but some of them had chains.
格洛丽亚·里奥斯·柏林（Gloria Rios Berlin）：“所以，发生了一场打斗，不仅是拳脚相加，而且其中一些人还戴着铁链。
So what I did is I dived underneath the counter and stayed there and, you know, protected myself because it became very wild.
所以我所做的就是潜入柜台下面并呆在那里，你知道，保护自己，因为它变得非常狂野。
It was like a movie set.”
就像电影布景一样。”
Narration Among the victims in the theater were twelve and thirteen year old boys, beaten by American servicemen because of the clothes they wore.
旁白 剧院的受害者中有十二岁和十三岁的男孩，他们因为穿着的衣服而遭到美国军人的殴打。
George Bray: “A lot of them came back happy, a lot of the guys, the Americans.
乔治·布雷：“他们中的很多人都高兴地回来了，很多人都是美国人。
They came back happy.”
他们高兴地回来了。”
Narration The following night, hundreds of sailors took the fight beyond downtown and into the heart of LA’s oldest Mexican neighborhood.
第二天晚上，数百名水手将战斗带到了市中心之外，进入了洛杉矶最古老的墨西哥社区的中心。
George Sanchez, Historian “The servicemen would cross the river, and head into communities like Boyle Heights, and then other parts of East Los Angeles to seek out Mexican-American youth that were no longer ending up in downtown Los Angeles at theaters and bars.
乔治·桑切斯，历史学家“军人会过河，前往博伊尔高地等社区，然后前往东洛杉矶的其他地区，寻找不再在洛杉矶市中心的剧院和酒吧的墨西哥裔美国青年。
So as the riot played itself out, there had to be a lot more sort of search and destroy -- to use a military metaphor.
因此，随着骚乱的发生，必须进行更多类型的搜索和破坏——用军事比喻来说。
And that's where you get the real movement into East Los Angeles.”
这就是东洛杉矶真正动起来的地方。”
Narration Once in the barrio, sailors broadened their attack beyond Mexican boys in zoot-suits.
叙述 一旦进入了贫民区，水手们的攻击范围就扩大到了穿着佐特服的墨西哥男孩之外。
Any Mexican in their path was a potential target.
任何挡在他们面前的墨西哥人都是潜在的目标。
George Sanchez, Historian: “The way the riots developed is very much attached to what the notion of a zoot-suiter was.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯 (George Sanchez)：“骚乱的发展方式与动物园追随者的概念密切相关。
The notion of a zoot-suiter was always racialized, even though Mexicans were not the only people wearing zoot suits.
佐特套装的概念总是带有种族色彩，尽管墨西哥人并不是唯一穿着佐特套装的人。
So a riot that first was aiming atindividuals because of their dress becomes a more expansive sort of riot, aimed at a particular racial population; Mexican-Americans.”
因此，最初因着装而针对个人的骚乱，变成了针对特定种族群体的更广泛的骚乱；墨西哥裔美国人。”
Narration It didn't take long for the kids from the barrios to organize and fight back.
旁白 没过多久，来自贫民区的孩子们就组织起来并进行了反击。
Rudy Leyvas, Brother: “There was an alley behind this theater and a lot right next to it.
鲁迪·莱瓦斯（Rudy Leyvas），兄弟：“这个剧院后面有一条小巷，旁边有很多地方。
And it was just jammed.
它只是被卡住了。
So we was waiting, it was already getting dark.
于是我们就等着，天已经黑了。
So then about 20, 20, 30 guys come out in the street sort of so when the sailors come they could see them.
然后大约有 20、20、30 个人出现在街上，这样当水手来时他们就可以看到他们。
And as soon as they went out there here comes the truck loads, truck loads of sailors and civilians.
他们一出去，一卡车的水手和平民就来了。
And they, uh they let out a cry, there they are, there they are.
他们，呃，他们发出一声叫喊，他们在那里，他们在那里。
And they came in.
他们进来了。
As they came in, once they got all the way in, we all came out ….
当他们进来时，一旦他们一路进来，我们就都出来了……。
I had myself, had a bat and I used it.
我有自己，有一只球棒，我使用了它。
And there was people hurt on both sides.”
双方都有人受伤。”
Reno Sanetti: “We were fist-a-cuffing and you know, kicking and biting and scratching.
雷诺·萨内蒂：“我们互相拳打脚踢，你知道，又踢又咬又抓。
And I got a couple of good blows that knocked me down.
我受到了几次重击，把我击倒了。
They took me back to the base and put me in sick bay overnight.
他们把我带回基地并把我放在医务室过夜。
And the next morning I went to doing my normal duties.
第二天早上我就去履行我的正常职责。
But I had two good shiners.”
但我有两个很好的闪光点。”
Carlos Espinoza: “At night time they came.
卡洛斯·埃斯皮诺萨：“他们在晚上来了。
At night time, right?
晚上的时候吧？
At night time they came.
晚上的时候他们来了。
So we just disappear, right?
所以我们就消失了，对吧？
Disappear.
消失。
But we found out that the best thing to do to get even with them is watch them on Whittier Boulevard, and when there was four or five guys riding, uh, in a car and we would follow them until they have to come to a Boulevard stop and there would be another car in front of them, wewould run out there, open one door, and start pounding the hell out of the driver’s door and get him out.
但我们发现，要报复他们，最好的办法就是在惠提尔大道上看着他们，当有四五个人骑着一辆车时，我们会跟着他们，直到他们必须到达大道车站，而他们前面会有另一辆车，我们会跑到那里，打开一扇车门，然后开始从司机的车门里猛击，把他赶出去。
And then beat the hell out of the guy, right?”
然后把那家伙打得落花流水，对吧？”
Narration On the fifth day of the riots, 5,000 civilians showed up to assist the sailors.
旁白 骚乱第五天，5000 名平民前来协助水手。
Marietta Lee: “My brother was only fourteen years old.
玛丽埃塔·李：“我哥哥只有十四岁。
I was sixteen at the time, but I did drive.
当时我十六岁，但我确实开车。
And we got my mother’s car and we went to El Toro and picked up Marines…
我们开着我母亲的车，去埃尔托罗接了海军陆战队员……
Los Angeles was like a war zone and we had to do something about it.
洛杉矶就像一个战区，我们必须对此采取一些措施。
The Pachucos had just taken over….I felt that I was doing my share for the war effort.”
帕丘科人刚刚接管……我觉得我正在为战争尽自己的一份力量。”
Narration: The kids fighting the sailors were not entirely on their own.
旁白：与水手战斗的孩子们并不完全是靠自己。
Rudy Leyvas, Brother: “There’s this man, I never knew, I never seen him before.
鲁迪·莱瓦斯（Rudy Leyvas），兄弟：“有一个人，我从来不知道，我以前从未见过他。
And he says, are you guys coming to fight sailors?
他说，你们是来打水手的吗？
And I says, yeah.
我说，是的。
And he said, I have a car here, it’s full of gas.
他说，我这里有一辆车，加满油了。
And at that time the gas was rationed.
那时天然气是配给的。
He says, it’s full of gas, take it, use it, when you get through just leave the keys in it, put it any place on Central Avenue and I will pick it up.
他说，它充满了汽油，拿着它，使用它，当你通过时，把钥匙留在里面，把它放在中央大街的任何地方，我会去取它。
And he says, all I want you to do is get one of them white guys for me.”
他说，我想让你做的就是为我找一个白人。”
Narration By week’s end, the Zoot Suit Riots were making headlines across the country.
旁白 到了周末，动物园服骚乱已经成为全国各地的头条新闻。
Thousands of marines, soldiers, and sailors from as far away as Las Vegas arrived in the City of the Angels, itching to clean up the town.
数千名海军陆战队员、士兵和水手远道而来，从拉斯维加斯抵达天使之城，渴望清理这座城镇。
Mexican American kids were overwhelmed.
墨西哥裔美国孩子不知所措。
In a ritual repeated across the city, servicemen stripped them of their clothes and burnt the garments on the streets.
在整个城市重复的仪式中，军人脱掉他们的衣服，并在街上焚烧衣服。
Eduardo Pagan, Historian: “The LAPD hangs back during this entire confrontation: about a week of rioting.
历史学家爱德华多·帕根 (Eduardo Pagan)：“洛杉矶警察局在整个对抗期间犹豫不决：大约一周的骚乱。
Never taking the offensive in trying to stop the riot.
永远不要采取进攻来阻止骚乱。
And only showing up after the rioting servicemen have swept through an area.
而且只有在骚乱的军人席卷了一个地区之后才会出现。
And they show up only to arrest the victims of riot, and throw them into jail.”
他们出现只是为了逮捕骚乱的受害者，并将他们投入监狱。”
Reno Sanetti: “…the shore patrol would naturally come out right away, because they were patrolling like regular policemen.
Reno Sanetti：“……岸边巡逻队自然会马上出来，因为他们就像普通警察一样巡逻。
And they’d come to break up a fight and they'd take these Pachucos-- if they could catch them if they didn't run away -- you know, they'd catch them and throw them in the jeep and put them in the paddy wagon and take them to jail.
他们来打架，他们会带走这些帕丘科人——如果他们不逃跑的话，他们能抓住他们——你知道，他们会抓住他们，把他们扔进吉普车，放进稻谷车，然后把他们送进监狱。
With the sailors, they'd put us in the jeep, take us a couple of blocks away and tell us to get back to our ship or get back to the station.”
水手们会把我们送进吉普车，带我们到几个街区外，然后告诉我们回到船上或回到车站。”
Carols Espinoza: “None of the sailors ever got arrested.
卡罗尔斯·埃斯皮诺萨：“没有一个水手被捕。
You tell me one of the sailors that got arrested for beating the hell out of somebody, huh?”
你告诉我其中一名因殴打他人而被捕的水手吧？”
George Sanchez, Historian: “Within four or five days, L.A.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯 (George Sanchez)：“四五天内，洛杉矶
officials realize this could move us out of control.
官员们意识到这可能会让我们失控。
Out of control in a wartime society.
战时社会失控。
It could in fact lead to much greater problems, if servicemen kept disobeying their superiors, and going down into these communities.
如果军人继续不服从上级并深入到这些社区，实际上可能会导致更大的问题。
And that’s why it stopped.”
这就是它停止的原因。”
Narration On June 8, 1943 military authorities in consultation with civic leaders declared the city off-limits to servicemen.
旁白 1943 年 6 月 8 日，军事当局与民间领袖协商后宣布禁止军人进入这座城市。
The rioting ended soon afterwards.
骚乱很快就结束了。
The following day the city council adopted a resolution banning the wearing of zoot suits on LA streets.
第二天，市议会通过了一项决议，禁止在洛杉矶街道上穿着佐特服。
Wearing the suit in public was punishable by a thirty-day jail term.
在公共场合穿着这套衣服将被判处三十天监禁。
Stores that sold the suits quickly moved to distance themselves from the style that had become a symbol of rebellion.
销售这些西装的商店很快就与这种已成为叛逆象征的风格保持了距离。
George Sanchez, Historian: “Mexican-American youth I think were taught in World War II that they could not simply choose by themselves the way that they would express themselves.
历史学家乔治·桑切斯（George Sanchez）：“我认为，墨西哥裔美国青年在第二次世界大战中被教导，他们不能简单地自行选择表达自己的方式。
They simply couldn't choose what they could wear.
他们根本无法选择自己穿什么。
They simply couldn't choose who they could be.
他们根本无法选择自己可以成为谁。
That this was not a society that allowed for that kind of freedom of expression for these particular youth.
这不是一个允许这些特定年轻人有这种言论自由的社会。
And that's a very painful lesson.
这是一个非常惨痛的教训。
It's a very painful lesson when one hears the rhetoric of Americans all, the rhetoric of American promise, open to all sorts of immigrants, all sorts of people.”
当人们听到全体美国人的言论、美国承诺向各种移民、各种人开放的言论时，这是一个非常痛苦的教训。”
Narration As the riots subsided, the governor ordered the creation of a citizens committee.
旁白 随着骚乱平息，州长下令成立公民委员会。
Its charge was to investigate and determine the cause of the riots.
其职责是调查并确定骚乱的原因。
Ironically, prison life had sheltered the 38 th St. boys from the worst mob violence in Los Angeles history.
具有讽刺意味的是，监狱生活却让第 38 届圣男孩们免受洛杉矶历史上最严重的暴民暴力的侵害。
With Hollywood stars still working on their behalf, the kids got special treatment.
由于好莱坞明星仍在为他们工作，孩子们得到了特殊待遇。
Henry Ynostroza, Sleepy Lagoon Defendant: “We used to have what the guards used to eat, their food.
沉睡泻湖被告亨利·伊诺斯特罗扎 (Henry Ynostroza)：“我们以前有警卫吃的东西，他们的食物。
Not prison food.
不是监狱的食物。
Their food.
他们的食物。
You know, steak, pork chops, milk, ice cream, cake everything.”
你知道，牛排、猪排、牛奶、冰淇淋、蛋糕什么都有。”
Narration Unlike the other boys, Hank Leyvas refused to play along.
旁白 与其他男孩不同，汉克·莱瓦斯拒绝配合。
His resistance to authority earned him a stint at California’s dreaded Folsom prison.
他对权威的反抗使他在加利福尼亚州可怕的福尔瑟姆监狱服刑。
“The locking of the doors,” he wrote, left him with “a lonesome, empty feeling….
“门被锁上，”他写道，给他留下了“一种孤独、空虚的感觉……”
You are standing up to the iron door waiting for the guard to come along and take the count.
你站在铁门前等待警卫过来计数。
Listening as his footsteps fade away in the distance.
听着他的脚步声渐渐远去。
You realize that you are alone…”
你意识到你是孤独的……”
As the months passed, Leyvas grew increasingly resentful.
几个月过去了，莱瓦斯变得越来越怨恨。
Finally, in November of 1943, defense attorneys filed an appeal with the California Second District Court claiming their clients had been denied a fair trial.
最后，1943 年 11 月，辩护律师向加州第二地方法院提起上诉，声称他们的当事人被剥夺了公平审判的机会。
A year passed before a decision was handed down.
一年过去了，决定才下达。
By this time, Hank and the others had been locked up for more than two years.
此时，汉克等人已经被关了两年多了。
Alice Greenfield McGrath, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee: “ I sent a telegram to San Quentin care of Henry Leyvas to tell all the guys, uh, saying appeal successful — I've forgotten what else it said, but I know it ended, oh,…what a wonderful morning.”
Alice Greenfield McGrath，沉睡泻湖防御委员会：“我给 Henry Leyvas 的 San Quentin 护理中心发了一封电报，告诉所有的人，呃，上诉成功了——我忘了上面还写了什么，但我知道一切结束了，哦，……多么美好的一个早晨。”
Henry Ynostroza, Sleepy Lagoon Defendant: “We couldn’t believe it at first.
沉睡泻湖被告 Henry Ynostroza：“一开始我们简直不敢相信。
It was like a shock.
这就像一个震惊。
And one of the guys told me, he says, you know this guy’s got a barrel of homemade brew buried in the ground.
其中一个人告诉我，他说，你知道这个人有一桶自制啤酒埋在地下。
And we felt like celebrating.
我们很想庆祝。
So we dug it up.
所以我们把它挖了出来。
And we got drunk that night in the barracks over there.
那天晚上我们在那边的军营里喝醉了。
And the officers came, you know.
你知道，军官们来了。
They weren’t officers, they were like supervisors.
他们不是军官，他们就像主管。
And the head guy, the warden told them, as long as they don’t fight nobody and don’t cause no problem, leave them alone.
监狱长告诉他们，只要他们不与任何人打架，不造成任何问题，就别打扰他们。
Leave them alone.
别管他们了。
And we drank that whole barrel, yeah.”
我们喝了整桶，是的。”
Narration In October of 1944 Hank Leyvas and the other boys were set free.
旁白 1944 年 10 月，汉克·莱瓦斯 (Hank Leyvas) 和其他男孩被释放。
Ever-defiant, Hank Leyvas walked out of the Los Angeles Hall of Justice wearing a zoot-suit.
汉克·莱瓦斯一向挑衅，穿着佐特套装走出洛杉矶司法厅。
The court ruled that Judge Fricke had committed serious errors in the trial and threw out the verdict—but the court did not clear the 38 th St boys of the murder charge.
法院裁定弗里克法官在审判中犯有严重错误并驳回了该判决，但法院并没有撤销第 38 街男孩的谋杀指控。
Although LA authorities declined to re-try the case, the Sleepy Lagoon murder haunted Hank and the others for life.
尽管洛杉矶当局拒绝重审此案，沉睡泻湖谋杀案却让汉克和其他人终生难以忘怀。
Lupe Leyvas, Sister: “It stopped him from going into the service, which is the thing that he wanted so bad.
卢佩·莱瓦斯（Lupe Leyvas）修女：“这阻止了他参军，而这正是他非常想要的事情。
He had already signed into the Merchant Marine.
他已经签约加入商船队。
He had already had a trial run.
他已经进行过试运行。
And he was in uniform.
他穿着制服。
And uh, it didn't happen…
呃，这并没有发生……
All this happened and it just broke his future.”
这一切的发生，毁了他的未来。”
Narration Jose Diaz was dead and his killer got away with murder.
旁白 何塞·迪亚兹死了，凶手却逍遥法外。
Those who had information weren’t talking in 1942.
1942 年，那些掌握信息的人都没有说话。
Judy Torres, Daughter of Lorena Encinas: “My mom did know who the murderer of Jose Diaz was, but she kept it to herself.
洛雷娜·恩西纳斯 (Lorena Encinas) 的女儿朱迪·托雷斯 (Judy Torres)：“我妈妈确实知道谋杀何塞·迪亚兹的凶手是谁，但她没有告诉我。
And she refused to cooperate with the authorities…”
而且她拒绝与当局合作……”
Narration Decades passed before the truth emerged.Toward the end of her life, Lorena Encinas at last shared her secret about the Sleepy Lagoon.
几十年过去了，真相才浮出水面。在生命的尽头，洛雷娜·恩西纳斯终于分享了她关于沉睡泻湖的秘密。
Judy Torres, Daughter of Lorena Encinas: “My mother admitted to me that the reason that she kept that secret from the authorities was that it was her brother Louie, who was involved in the murder.” “…She kept it to herself because she was not the type of person that would snitch, so to speak, on anyone else.
洛雷娜·恩西纳斯（Lorena Encinas）的女儿朱迪·托雷斯（Judy Torres）：“我母亲向我承认，她向当局保守秘密的原因是她的兄弟路易参与了谋杀案。” “……她保守秘密，因为她不是那种会向其他人告密的人。
And she also was trying to protect my Uncle Louie.”
她也想保护我的路易叔叔。”
Narration Lorena claimed that her brother Louie was at the party before the 38 th St kids arrived, but had been thrown out for causing problems.
旁白洛雷娜声称，她的弟弟路易在第 38 街孩子到达之前就参加了聚会，但因制造麻烦而被赶了出去。
Later that night as Jose Diaz and two companions left the party, they were met by an angry Louie Encinas and friends.
那天晚上晚些时候，当何塞·迪亚兹和两个同伴离开聚会时，愤怒的路易·恩西纳斯和朋友们迎接了他们。
In the fight that followed Jose Diaz was stabbed and left to die.
在随后的战斗中，何塞·迪亚兹被刺伤并被留下等死。
A short time later Hank Leyvas and his friends arrived at the party.
不久之后，汉克·莱瓦斯和他的朋友们到达了聚会现场。
Narration Louie Encinas was picked up in the dragnet following the Sleepy Lagoon murder but was let go by police.
旁白 路易·恩西纳斯 (Louie Encinas) 在沉睡泻湖谋杀案后被抓获，但被警方释放。
Narration In 1943 the citizens’ committee investigating the Zoot Suit Riots issued its report.
旁白 1943 年，调查佐特服骚乱的公民委员会发布了报告。
It condemned the role played by the press and by the LAPD and determined race to be a central cause of the riots.
它谴责媒体和洛杉矶警察局所扮演的角色，并确定种族是骚乱的主要原因。
At the same time, the Mayor came to his own conclusion.
与此同时，市长也得出了自己的结论。
“The riots,” he said, “were caused by juvenile delinquents.” Race was not a factor.
“骚乱，”他说，“是由少年犯引起的。”种族不是一个因素。
38 th St girls, Lorena Encinas The Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee was powerless to help the 38 th St. girls.
第 38 街女孩，洛雷娜·恩西纳斯 沉睡泻湖防御委员会无力帮助第 38 街女孩。
They remained wards of the California Youth Authority until they reached 21 years of age.
他们一直受到加州青年管理局的监护，直到年满 21 岁。
Narration As Hank Leyvas and the other boys walked out of prison, a guard remarked, “They’ll be back.”He was right.
当汉克·莱瓦斯和其他男孩走出监狱时，一名警卫说：“他们会回来的。”他是对的。
Hank Leyvas and many of the other boys grew tragically familiar with prison life.
汉克·莱瓦斯和其他许多男孩悲惨地熟悉了监狱生活。
Hank, the symbolic zoot suiter, died in an East LA bar in 1971.
汉克，这位象征性的动物园追求者，于 1971 年在东洛杉矶的一家酒吧去世。
The Sleepy Lagoon murder remains officially unsolved.
沉睡泻湖谋杀案仍未正式侦破。
The Sleepy Lagoon murder and zoot suit riots of 1943.
1943 年的沉睡泻湖谋杀案和佐特服骚乱。
Henry Leyvas was 19 years old when he was arrested for the murder of José Díaz.
亨利·莱瓦斯 (Henry Leyvas) 因谋杀何塞·迪亚斯 (José Díaz) 被捕时年仅 19 岁。
The evolution of a flamboyant style that became a symbol for marginalized communities.
华丽风格的演变成为边缘化社区的象征。
Chavez Ravine was a thriving Mexican-American community—until L.A.
查韦斯峡谷是一个繁荣的墨西哥裔美国人社区，直到洛杉矶
needed a place to put Dodger Stadium.
需要一个地方放置道奇体育场。
Lorena and several other young women had been placed in the Los Angeles County Jail on suspicion of wrongdoing immediately following the murder of Jose Diaz.
在何塞·迪亚兹被谋杀后，洛雷娜和其他几名年轻女性因涉嫌不当行为而被关进洛杉矶县监狱。
The Los Angeles police used the murder of the 22-year-old farmworker to launch a widespread attack on what they perceived as an unruly and rapidly multiplying Mexican American youth "element."
洛杉矶警方利用这名 22 岁农场工人被谋杀的事件，对他们认为不守规矩、迅速壮大的墨西哥裔美国青年“分子”发起了广泛的攻击。
While Alice grew up in mostly segregated, white neighborhoods, she had a keen regard for the underdog and felt deeply about the indignities and injustices the minority groups of the city suffered.
虽然爱丽丝在大多数种族隔离的白人社区长大，但她非常尊重弱势群体，并对这座城市的少数群体所遭受的侮辱和不公正深有感触。
In August 1942, the murder of a young Mexican-American man ignited a firestorm in the City of the Angels.
1942年8月，一名年轻的墨西哥裔美国人被谋杀，在天使之城引发了一场风暴。
In no time at all, ethnic and racial tensions that had been building up over the years boiled over.
多年来积累的民族和种族紧张局势很快就爆发了。