Woodrow Wilson
Part 1: A Pssionate Man:
第 1 部分：一个充满激情的男人：
Narrator: On an afternoon in the spring of 1920, Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States, was led through the White House.
旁白：1920年春天的一个下午，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊在陪同下参观白宫。
Wilson had suffered a devastating stroke.
威尔逊遭受了毁灭性的中风。
Narrator On an afternoon in the spring of 1920, Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States, was led through the White House.
旁白 1920 年春天的一个下午，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 在陪同下参观了白宫。
Wilson had suffered a devastating stroke.
威尔逊遭受了毁灭性的中风。
Unable to perform his duties, the President instead spent his time watching old newsreels that the secret service screened for him and friends like journalist Ray Baker.
由于无法履行职责，总统转而将时间花在观看特勤局为他和记者雷·贝克等朋友放映的旧新闻片上。
Historian: Ray Stannard Baker The moving picture machine behind us began to click and sputter.
历史学家：雷·斯坦纳德·贝克（Ray Stannard Baker） 我们身后的电影机开始发出咔嗒声和溅射声。
With the first brilliantly lighted episode, we were in another world.
随着第一集灯光明亮，我们进入了另一个世界。
There we were, sailing grandly into the harbor at Brest.
我们就在那里，宏伟地驶入布雷斯特港口。
There was the President himself, smiling upon the bridge.
总统本人正在桥上微笑。
By magic, we were transported to Paris.
神奇的是，我们被带到了巴黎。
There he was again, driving down the most famous avenue in the world.
他又出现了，沿着世界上最著名的大道行驶。
And there was the President at Buckingham Palace with the King of England.
总统和英国国王一起在白金汉宫。
Narrator The newsreels were testimony to the man Wilson had once been.
旁白 新闻短片见证了威尔逊曾经的样子。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Well I think there's no question that he was one of the five greatest Presidents in American history.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 我认为毫无疑问他是美国历史上最伟大的五位总统之一。
He has that rare combination, which he shares with, certainly with Jefferson and with Lincoln.
他拥有这种罕见的组合，这是他所共有的，当然也包括杰斐逊和林肯。
That is he was a tremendously effective, practical politician, and a very deep thinker.
也就是说，他是一位非常有效、务实的政治家，也是一位非常深刻的思想家。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Woodrow Wilson laid out the contours of American foreign policy that has been followed for better or worse ever since.
肯尼迪·伍德罗·威尔逊勾勒出美国外交政策的轮廓，从那时起，无论好坏，美国外交政策一直被遵循。
Every president since has to one degree or another been a Wilsonian.
此后的每一位总统都在某种程度上是威尔逊主义者。
Narrator Wilson seemed cold and aloof in public, but in private he was deeply emotional.
叙述者威尔逊在公开场合显得冷漠孤傲，但私底下却感情深厚。
Historian: Thomas Knock Wilson really needed a companion, and a lover.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克·威尔逊确实需要一个同伴和一个爱人。
The relationship between Ellen and Woodrow is probably the most romantic in Presidential history.
艾伦和伍德罗之间的关系可能是总统历史上最浪漫的关系。
Author: Betty Boyd Caroli He was very academic, those steel-rimmed glasses, he always seemed very serious, but he was an extremely passionate person.
作者：Betty Boyd Caroli 他很学术，那副钢框眼镜，他总是显得很严肃，但他是一个极其热情的人。
Narrator He cultivated a reputation as an intellectual who relied on hard facts, but Wilson's greatest source of guidance was his faith.
旁白 他赢得了依赖确凿事实的知识分子的声誉，但威尔逊最大的指导来源是他的信仰。
Historian: Louis Auchincloss He believed that he was directed by God and he frequently said so.
历史学家：路易斯·奥金克洛斯（Louis Auchincloss） 他相信自己受到上帝的指引，并且他经常这样说。
He thought that God had made him president of the United States.
他认为上帝让他成为美国总统。
Narrator And yet the most important mission of Wilson's life, creating a League of Nations to spread democracy, ended in failure.
旁白 然而，威尔逊一生中最重要的使命——创建国际联盟来传播民主——却以失败告终。
Historian: Jay Winter He was a man who believed in this extraordinarily difficult goal and when he knew that he wouldn't get there the moment must have been devastating for him.
历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter） 他是一个相信这个极其困难的目标的人，当他知道自己无法实现这一目标时，那一刻对他来说一定是毁灭性的。
Narrator It was during his fight for the league, that Wilson suffered the debilitating stroke.
旁白 在为联盟而战的过程中，威尔逊遭遇了中风，使人衰弱。
From that moment on, it was Wilson's wife who secretly performed many of the duties of the President.
从那时起，总统的许多职责就由威尔逊的妻子秘密履行。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park No one really knew what was going on.
历史学家：伯特·帕克博士 没有人真正知道到底发生了什么。
The word stroke was never mentioned.
中风这个词从未被提及。
Certainly the word paralyzed was never mentioned.
当然，“瘫痪”这个词从未被提及。
And the American public was kept effectively in the dark Narrator On the banks of the Savannah River lies Augusta, Georgia.
美国公众实际上被蒙在鼓里。 叙述者 佐治亚州奥古斯塔位于萨凡纳河畔。
The night of May 14th, 1865, the President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, was brought through the town in chains, on his way to a Union prison.
1865 年 5 月 14 日晚上，邦联总统杰斐逊·戴维斯 (Jefferson Davis) 被戴着铁链押送穿过小镇，前往联邦监狱。
Many townspeople turned out to witness the somber spectacle.
许多镇民都出来目睹了这悲惨的景象。
One was an eight year-old boy named Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
其中一个是一个名叫托马斯·伍德罗·威尔逊的八岁男孩。
No event dominated Wilson's childhood like the Civil War.
没有什么事件像内战那样主导威尔逊的童年。
Nearly every family he knew had a relative killed or wounded.
他认识的几乎每个家庭都有亲戚被杀或受伤。
Now, as the president of the confederacy rolled past, crushed and defeated, young Tommy and everyone else who watched knew that life in the South could never be the same.
现在，当联邦总统被压垮、被击败时，年轻的汤米和其他观看的人都知道南方的生活再也不会一样了。
Historian: John Milton Cooper The South, when Wilson was a boy, was the only part of the United States which has ever had a modern war.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 当威尔逊还是个孩子的时候，南方是美国唯一发生过现代战争的地区。
A modern total war.
现代全面战争。
It had been ruined.
它已经被毁了。
The social structure had been just totally overturned.
社会结构刚刚被彻底颠覆。
It's a completely overturned world.
这是一个完全颠覆的世界。
And especially for white folks, for better off white people, like the Wilson's, they've got to find a new way.
尤其是对于白人来说，为了像威尔逊一家这样的白人过上更好的生活，他们必须找到一种新的方式。
Narrator In a land in ruins, the one institution left to pick up the pieces was the church.
旁白 在一片废墟中，唯一能收拾残局的机构就是教堂。
Tommy's father, Joseph Wilson, was a preacher at one of the most prominent congregations in the South.
汤米的父亲约瑟夫·威尔逊是南方最著名的教会之一的传教士。
Joseph Ruggles Wilson Come with me now, to lift up, after my manner, the fallen.
约瑟夫·拉格尔斯·威尔逊 现在跟我来，按照我的方式去扶起倒下的人。
Let us reinstate the righteous rule of the Father throughout the broken and disordered race to which you and I both belong.
让我们在你我都属于的破碎和混乱的种族中恢复天父的正义统治。
Narrator Joseph Wilson was a Presbyterian, who taught his son that God had put Christians into the world not to withdraw from it, but to make it a better place.
叙述者约瑟夫·威尔逊是一位长老会教徒，他教导他的儿子，上帝将基督徒带到这个世界上并不是为了退出这个世界，而是为了让这个世界变得更美好。
He told Tommy that God wanted him to work tirelessly to help rebuild a country devastated by war.
他告诉汤米，上帝希望他不懈努力，帮助重建一个饱受战争蹂躏的国家。
Historian: Jay Winter Growing up with a, a Presbyterian father would give a boy a sense that goodness isn't something that you measure in terms of your own personal behavior alone.
历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter） 与一位长老会父亲一起长大会让一个男孩感觉到，善良并不是仅凭个人行为来衡量的。
Wilson's father would give him an idea that the true test was making the world a place where justice, where goodness had a better and bigger place than it had before he came on the scene.
威尔逊的父亲会给他一个想法，即真正的考验是让世界成为一个比他出现之前更美好、更广阔的正义、善良之地。
It's a difficult matter to live with, but it's one that once you get the stamp in your childhood you never lose it for the rest of your life.
这是一件很难忍受的事情，但一旦你在童年时得到了这个印记，你就永远不会失去它。
Narrator For all of his father's expectations, Tommy Wilson was not a promising student.
旁白 尽管汤米·威尔逊 (Tommy Wilson) 的父亲对他寄予厚望，但他并不是一个有前途的学生。
At the age of ten, he still could not read.
十岁时，他仍不识字。
Some put it down to laziness, others to a lack of intelligence.
有些人将其归因于懒惰，另一些人则将其归因于缺乏智慧。
But the real reason was far more complicated.
但真正的原因要复杂得多。
Historian: John Milton Cooper As near as we can tell, young Tommy Wilson suffered from a form of dyslexia.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 据我们所知，年轻的汤米·威尔逊患有某种阅读障碍。
Probably a mild form.
可能是一种温和的形式。
And this is something that nobody knew existed in those days, the term wouldn't be, wouldn't even be coined until the middle of the Twentieth Century.
这是当时没有人知道存在的东西，这个词直到二十世纪中叶才被创造出来。
Here's this difficulty, a lot of people in the family thought he was kind of slow, that this was not a very bright boy.
困难就在这里，家里很多人都认为他有点迟钝，这不是一个很聪明的男孩。
Narrator "He was not like other boys," one neighbor said, "he had a queer way of going off alone." With few friends, Tommy was deeply dependent on his relationship with his parents.
旁白：“他不像其他男孩，”一位邻居说，“他独自出门的方式很奇怪。”汤米几乎没有朋友，他非常依赖与父母的关系。
Historian: John Milton Cooper His father never lost faith in him.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 他的父亲从未对他失去信心。
It's very interesting.
这很有趣。
His father stuck with him.
他的父亲一直支持着他。
I think that may have had a lot to do with his being able to overcome dyslexia.
我认为这可能与他能够克服阅读障碍有很大关系。
Narrator Joseph Wilson was determined to compensate for his son's inability to read.
叙述者约瑟夫·威尔逊决心弥补儿子无法阅读的缺陷。
He spent hour after hour with Tommy, drilling him in the art of debate and teaching him to perform the speeches of great orators like Daniel Webster.
他和汤米一起度过了一个又一个小时，训练他辩论的艺术，并教他表演丹尼尔·韦伯斯特等伟大演说家的演讲。
Historian: John Morton Blum His father was very important in directing Wilson towards serious use of English, with picking the precise word, speaking with eloquence, turning his attention to persuading people of his own ideas.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 他的父亲在指导威尔逊认真使用英语方面发挥了非常重要的作用，他选择准确的词语，雄辩地讲话，将注意力转向说服人们接受他自己的想法。
And it was that kind of thing that captured the boy's fancy.
正是这种东西引起了男孩的兴趣。
Narrator His mother, Jessie, came from the Woodrows of Ohio, a well-educated, socially prominent family.
旁白 他的母亲杰西来自俄亥俄州的伍德罗家族，这是一个受过良好教育、社会显赫的家庭。
Jessie did everything in her power to convince her son that he was capable of living up to the Woodrow family name.
杰西竭尽全力让儿子相信他有能力不辜负伍德罗家族的名声。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Tommy was Jessie Woodrow Wilson's favorite among all her children and she gave him a kind of supportive, uncritical love that I think made him strong and self-confident.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 汤米是杰西·伍德罗·威尔逊所有孩子中最喜欢的人，她给了他一种支持性的、不加批判的爱，我认为这让他变得坚强和自信。
For some reason or other, from a very, very early age, this is a person of tremendous self-confidence.
出于某种原因，从很小很小的时候起，这是一个非常自信的人。
Narrator When he was 16, Tommy heard about a new invention called shorthand.
旁白 16 岁时，汤米听说了一项名为速记的新发明。
It was a way to bypass reading by using a "code" to record ideas on paper.
这是一种通过使用“代码”将想法记录在纸上来绕过阅读的方法。
Wilson practiced day after day until he had mastered it.
威尔逊日复一日地练习，直到他掌握了它。
With the boost shorthand gave his grades, he managed to gain admission to Princeton, one of the top schools in the country.
随着速记成绩的提升，他成功进入美国顶尖学校之一的普林斯顿大学。
Tommy remained a slow reader.
汤米的阅读速度仍然很慢。
But he excelled in the areas where his real skills lay.
但他在自己真正擅长的领域表现出色。
He joined the debate team and after one victory, wrote to his father, "I have made a discovery, I have found that I have a mind.
他加入了辩论队，在一场胜利后，写信给他的父亲：“我有了一个发现，我发现我有一个想法。
Yet anyone observing Tommy Wilson would have thought he was majoring in baseball.
然而，任何观察汤米·威尔逊的人都会认为他主修棒球。
As a boy he had written a detailed rulebook for the game.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他就为这项运动写了一本详细的规则手册。
Now, he organized a pickup team called "The Bowery Boys." The boys played baseball every single day of the week, and sometimes twice.
现在，他组织了一支名为“The Bowery Boys”的搭讪队伍。男孩们每周每天都打棒球，有时甚至两次。
Wilson's other passion was politics.
威尔逊的另一个爱好是政治。
He often got into arguments with his classmates over the legacy of the civil war.
他经常与同学就内战遗留问题发生争执。
He believed it was time to withdraw northern troops and give control of the region back to white southerners.
他认为是时候撤出北方军队并将该地区的控制权交还给南方白人了。
"One night we sat up 'till dawn talking about it," a northern classmate said, "he taking the Southern side and getting quite bitter." Wilson wrote his parents that the taunts from northerners made him so angry he wanted to physically attack them.
“有一天晚上，我们一直聊到天亮，”一位北方同学说，“他偏向南方，变得很痛苦。”威尔逊写信给他的父母说，北方人的嘲笑让他非常生气，他想对他们进行身体攻击。
The intense debates stoked Tommy's interest in a career in politics.
激烈的辩论激发了汤米对政治生涯的兴趣。
He drilled himself daily in the art of oratory, so that, as he put it, "I would be able to lead others into my way of thinking." Historian: John Morton Blum Why did Wilson pick on politics and government?
他每天都在训练自己的演讲艺术，因此，正如他所说，“我能够引导别人接受我的思维方式。”历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 为什么威尔逊会选择政治和政府？
Well it was because he dreamed of becoming a major statesman, using politics to gain office and using office to persuade men about how to live and order their lives.
嗯，这是因为他梦想成为一名重要的政治家，利用政治来获得职位，并利用职位来说服人们如何生活和安排自己的生活。
Narrator To appear more distinguished, he began using his middle name, Woodrow, instead of Tommy.
旁白 为了显得更加尊贵，他开始使用自己的中间名伍德罗（Woodrow），而不是汤米（Tommy）。
He even began handing out calling cards that said Woodrow Wilson, Senator.
他甚至开始分发写有参议员伍德罗·威尔逊的名片。
Woodrow Wilson The first time I saw your face was in church one morning , in April, wasn't it?
伍德罗·威尔逊 我第一次看到你的脸是四月的一个早晨，在教堂里，不是吗？
I remember thinking, "What a bright pretty face!
我记得我当时想：“多么明亮美丽的脸啊！
What splendid laughing eyes!
笑起来的眼睛多么灿烂啊！
I'll lay a wager that this demure little lady has lots of life and fun in her!
我敢打赌，这位端庄的小女士身上充满活力和乐趣！
Narrator At 26, while attending church in Rome, Georgia, Wilson's eyes alighted on Ellen Axson, a minister's daughter.
旁白 26 岁的威尔逊在佐治亚州罗马的教堂做礼拜时，他的目光落在了一位牧师的女儿埃伦·阿克森身上。
Ellen was highly intelligent and a talented artist, whose work had won a medal at an exhibition in Paris.
艾伦非常聪明，也是一位才华横溢的艺术家，她的作品曾在巴黎的一次展览上获得奖牌。
Painting was a refuge from the harsh realities of her life.
绘画是她逃避生活严酷现实的避难所。
When Ellen was 21, her mother died, leaving her to care for 3 younger siblings.
艾伦 21 岁时，她的母亲去世了，留下她照顾 3 个弟弟妹妹。
Then her father, who suffered from manic depression, was confined to a mental hospital, where he committed suicide.
随后，她的父亲患有躁狂抑郁症，被关进精神病院，并在那里自杀。
All the while, Ellen clung to her dream of establishing an art school for women, which would enable her both to earn a living and pursue her art.
一直以来，艾伦都坚持自己的梦想，即建立一所女子艺术学校，这将使她既能谋生又能追求艺术。
Ellen Axson It is possible that my talent for art, combined with my talent for work, might, after many years, win me a place among the first rank of American artists.
埃伦·阿克森：多年后，我的艺术天赋和我的工作天赋可能会为我赢得美国一流艺术家的一席之地。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Well one of the things that amazes me most about Ellen Wilson was not just that she seems to have been an outstanding artist, even as a young woman, but she had the independence to follow up on it.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡洛丽（Betty Boyd Caroli） 艾伦·威尔逊（Ellen Wilson）最让我惊讶的事情之一不仅是她似乎是一位杰出的艺术家，即使在年轻时也是如此，而且她有独立的能力去跟进。
She entered juried shows, she was represented by one of the outstanding agents in New York City.
她参加了评审演出，并由纽约市一位杰出的经纪人代理。
Her work was acquired by some of the outstanding museums in the country.
她的作品被国内一些著名博物馆收藏。
And her oils of landscapes are outstanding I think.
我认为她的风景油画非常出色。
"Autumn" is the one that most people talk about.
“秋天”是人们谈论最多的一个。
Even at the time that Woodrow met her, she certainly understood that she had artistic potential.
即使在伍德罗遇见她的时候，她也肯定知道自己具有艺术潜力。
Narrator A cousin said that if Ellen ever married, the man would probably be of no consequence, since smart men were rarely interested in women who were their intellectual equals.
旁白的一位表弟说，如果艾伦结婚了，这个男人可能不会有什么影响，因为聪明的男人很少对智力与他们平等的女人感兴趣。
But Woodrow Wilson was eager for the love and support of a strong woman like Ellen - and he began revealing a side of himself to her that few people ever saw.
但伍德罗·威尔逊渴望得到像艾伦这样坚强的女性的爱和支持，他开始向她展示自己鲜为人知的一面。
Historian: Louis Auchincloss Wilson very definitely gave the impression of being a cold fish, but he was a deeply passionate man.
历史学家：路易斯·奥金克洛斯·威尔逊（Louis Auchincloss Wilson）确实给人一种冷酷无情的印象，但他却是一个充满激情的人。
He was passionate in his relationship with women.
他对与女性的关系充满热情。
He was passionate in his relationship with his god.
他对与神的关系充满热情。
All that came from a kind of much repressed but inward highly burning fire.
这一切都来自一种被压抑但内心高度燃烧的火焰。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Far from being a cold fish, far from being a, a thinking machine as he once joked that people thought he was, this was a very warm, passionate, in some ways hot man.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 (John Milton Cooper) 远非一条冷酷的鱼，远非他曾经开玩笑说人们认为他是一台思考机器，他是一个非常热情、充满激情、在某些方面很热辣的人。
I mean, he liked women, very, very much indeed.
我的意思是，他确实非常非常喜欢女人。
Narrator Wilson launched an all-out campaign to win Ellen's love.
旁白威尔逊发起了一场全力以赴的运动来赢得艾伦的爱情。
When she went to New York to paint, he wrote her letters nearly every day.
当她去纽约画画时，他几乎每天都给她写信。
Woodrow Wilson Soon, I will come myself, to claim you, to take possession of you-of all the time and love you can give me; to take you in my arms and hold you.
伍德罗·威尔逊 很快，我就会亲自来，来占有你，占有你——你能给我的所有时间和爱；把你抱在怀里，拥抱你。
I tremble with a deep excitement when I think of it.
一想到这里，我就激动不已。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli The letters he was writing to her were, were just filled with his love you know, with poetry, with expressions of how much she meant to him.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 他写给她的信充满了他的爱，你知道，充满了诗歌，表达了她对他的意义。
It must have been, it must have swept her off her feet.
一定是这样，它一定让她神魂颠倒。
Narrator In Woodrow, Ellen saw not only passion but ambition.
旁白 在伍德罗身上，艾伦看到的不仅是激情，还有野心。
Here was a young man who was determined to go places and she wanted to go with him.
这是一个决心要去某个地方的年轻人，她想和他一起去。
Ellen Axson Suppose, it were as great a sacrifice to give up my art as even you imagine, my darling must know that it would be a pitiable price to pay for such a love as his.
埃伦·埃克森 假设，放弃我的艺术是一种巨大的牺牲，就像你想象的那样，我亲爱的一定知道，为他这样的爱付出的代价将是可怜的。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli In the time that Ellen Wilson married Woodrow, that's what a woman did.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 在艾伦·威尔逊与伍德罗结婚的时候，女人就是这么做的。
A woman who married put all of her energy to making a home for him, to making him happy, and Woodrow took a lot of work.
一个结了婚的女人把所有的精力都用来为他建立一个家，让他幸福，而伍德罗付出了很多努力。
He was a very demanding husband.
他是一个要求非常严格的丈夫。
Narrator Ten months after they were married, Ellen gave birth to a daughter, Margaret.
叙述者 结婚十个月后，艾伦生下了一个女儿，玛格丽特。
Jessie and Nellie soon followed.
杰西和内莉很快就跟了上去。
Besides caring for her daughters, Ellen focused on Woodrow's career.
除了照顾女儿之外，艾伦还专注于伍德罗的事业。
From the start of their courtship, she had known of his dream of winning political office.
从他们恋爱开始，她就知道他赢得政治职位的梦想。
But she also knew that it would be hard for a would-be politician to support a family.
但她也知道，对于一个未来的政治家来说，养家糊口是很困难的。
The couple agreed that Woodrow should become a professor, instead.
这对夫妇同意伍德罗应该成为一名教授。
Wilson enrolled in graduate school at Johns Hopkins University.
威尔逊就读于约翰·霍普金斯大学研究生院。
When his doctoral thesis was published it received glowing reviews in newspapers across the country.
他的博士论文发表后，受到全国报纸的好评。
America's federal government was dangerously weak, Wilson argued, and needed to be strengthened.
威尔逊认为，美国联邦政府脆弱得危险，需要加强。
Historian: John Milton Cooper He got fascinated with, how do politics really work, that was his one subject entirely, throughout his life was how does power really work and in turn, how can I wield it.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀（John Milton Cooper）他着迷于政治如何真正发挥作用，这完全是他一生的主题，权力如何真正发挥作用，以及我如何运用它。
Wilson wanted to wield power.
威尔逊想要掌握权力。
Narrator When he was just 33, Wilson was offered a full professorship at his alma mater, Princeton.
旁白 当威尔逊 33 岁时，他的母校普林斯顿大学向他提供了正教授职位。
He became an enormously popular teacher-in seven out of eight years, he was voted favorite professor.
他成为了一位非常受欢迎的老师——八年中有七年，他被评为最受喜爱的教授。
"We came into contact with a mind rich with knowledge," one student said.
“我们接触到了一个知识丰富的头脑，”一名学生说。
"No one could touch him as a lecturer." At the end of his classes, Wilson was often given a standing ovation.
“作为一名讲师，没有人能碰他。”课程结束时，威尔逊经常受到起立鼓掌。
Professor Wilson lectures addressed the growing gap between the have's and the have-nots in America in the early 1890's.
威尔逊教授的讲座讨论了 1890 年代初期美国贫富差距日益扩大的问题。
Captains of industry like the Rockefellers, Carnegies and Morgans had become fabulously wealthy, while the majority of American workers lived in poverty.
洛克菲勒家族、卡内基家族和摩根家族等工业巨头变得异常富有，而大多数美国工人却生活在贫困之中。
Wilson was deeply influenced by a book of photographs by Jacob Riis, titled "How The Other Half Lives." Riis' photographs had created a national sensation, by exposing the squalor in which many Americans lived.
威尔逊深受雅各布·里斯（Jacob Riis）的一本摄影集《另一半的生活》的影响。里斯的照片揭露了许多美国人生活的肮脏状况，引起了全国轰动。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brown There had been economic and political inequity in this country certainly since the Civil War.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗 自内战以来，这个国家就一直存在着经济和政治不平等。
The depression of 1894 however brought to the fore in glaring terms the level of inequity that existed.
然而，1894 年的大萧条使现存的不平等程度暴露无遗。
When you have a depression in which 20% of the American people are unemployed, thousands of businesses are going under, thousands of banks are going under, you have to begin to question whether this corporate elite is really running the show in the most equitable and wise fashion.
当经济萧条时，20%的美国人失业，成千上万的企业破产，成千上万的银行破产，你不得不开始质疑这些企业精英是否真的以最公平、最明智的方式掌控局面。
Narrator Across the nation, rapidly growing populist and socialist movements were demanding real change.
旁白 在全国范围内，迅速发展的民粹主义和社会主义运动要求真正的变革。
But the corporate elite refused to budge.
但企业精英拒绝让步。
Open warfare between strikers and union busters threatened to shut down factories and coal mines.
罢工者和工会破坏者之间的公开战争威胁要关闭工厂和煤矿。
Many feared that the nation was about to descend into chaos.
许多人担心国家即将陷入混乱。
Professor Wilson was one of the few who had a practical solution: give America's government new power to rein in big business.
威尔逊教授是少数提出实际解决方案的人之一：赋予美国政府新的权力来控制大企业。
Historian: Thomas Knock He came to the conclusion, that the government of the United States really did have to respond to these problems.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克（Thomas Knock）他得出的结论是，美国政府确实必须对这些问题做出回应。
That there was a kind of social compact between the people and the government, and working people were "the people." He was a bit fearful, also, that if neither of the major parties responded more forthrightly, then we were asking for bigger trouble down the road.
人民和政府之间存在一种社会契约，劳动人民就是“人民”。他还有点担心，如果两个主要政党都没有做出更直率的回应，那么我们将来就会遇到更大的麻烦。
If you didn't let some steam out at the pot, it's going to blow up in your face.
如果你没有让锅里的蒸汽散发出来，它就会炸到你脸上。
Narrator Wilson articles in magazines like Harper's attracted nationwide attention and offers speak to political clubs and civic organizations began to pour in.
旁白威尔逊在《哈泼斯》等杂志上发表的文章引起了全国范围的关注，政治俱乐部和民间组织的演讲机会开始涌入。
Woodrow Wilson Modern industry has so distorted competition as to put it into the power of some to tyrannize over many and enable the rich and strong to combine against the poor and weak.
伍德罗·威尔逊（Woodrow Wilson） 现代工业已经扭曲了竞争，以至于让一些人能够对许多人进行暴政，并使富人和强者联合起来对抗穷人和弱者。
Historian: Louis Auchincloss He apparently had an extraordinary effect on audiences.
历史学家：路易斯·奥金克洛斯 他显然对观众产生了非凡的影响。
And his voice was powerful and very moving.
而且他的声音很有力量，非常动人。
And I think when he spoke he put his whole heart and soul into it, enjoyed it very much.
我认为当他讲话时，他全身心投入，非常享受。
I think he's probably at his best when he spoke.
我认为他说话时可能处于最佳状态。
Narrator Soon, a buzz began to spread about the eloquent Mr. Wilson.
旁白 很快，关于能言善辩的威尔逊先生的议论开始传开。
Before long, he was the most famous man at Princeton.
不久之后，他就成为普林斯顿大学最著名的人物。
Few were surprised when, at 46, he was named president of the college.
当 46 岁的他被任命为学院院长时，很少有人感到惊讶。
But Joseph Wilson believed that God had even greater plans for his son.
但约瑟夫·威尔逊相信上帝对他的儿子有更伟大的计划。
"This is only the beginning of a very great career," he told all who would listen.
“这只是一个非常伟大的职业生涯的开始，”他告诉所有愿意倾听的人。
The family settled into the President's house at Princeton.
全家搬进了普林斯顿大学的总统府。
Soon after, Joseph Wilson moved in, too.
不久之后，约瑟夫·威尔逊也搬了进来。
Each evening, Woodrow regaled his father with stories from his day and sought his advice.
每天晚上，伍德罗都会给父亲讲他那个时代的故事，并寻求他的建议。
Then, suddenly, Joseph became seriously ill.
然后，约瑟夫突然得了重病。
Woodrow spent every moment he could with him and sang him to sleep each night.
伍德罗尽其所能地陪伴他，每天晚上都唱歌让他入睡。
On January 21st, 1903 Joseph Wilson died.
1903 年 1 月 21 日，约瑟夫·威尔逊去世。
Woodrow Wilson It has quite taken the heart out of me to lose my life-long friend and companion.
伍德罗·威尔逊 失去我一生的朋友和伴侣让我非常伤心。
He is gone and a great loneliness is in my heart.
他走了，我的心里充满了巨大的孤独。
No generation ahead of me now!
现在没有比我领先的一代了！
I am in the firing line.
我在前线。
Narrator The family would soon suffer another loss.
旁白 这个家庭很快就会再次遭受损失。
When Ellen's youngest brother Eddie was ten, he had come to live with Woodrow and Ellen and they came to think of him as the son they never had.
当艾伦最小的弟弟埃迪十岁时，他与伍德罗和艾伦住在一起，他们开始认为他是他们从未有过的儿子。
In the spring of 1905, Eddie, his wife and young son drowned.
1905 年春天，埃迪、他的妻子和年幼的儿子溺水身亡。
Woodrow turned to his faith to see him through the loss.
伍德罗转向他的信仰，帮助他度过损失。
But Ellen was by nature more introspective - and she could not make sense out of a god who would allow such horrible things to happen.
但艾伦生性比较内省，她无法理解上帝居然会允许如此可怕的事情发生。
Eddie's death sent Ellen into a long and deep depression.
埃迪的去世让艾伦陷入了长期而深深的抑郁之中。
Woodrow found Ellen's dark mood disconcerting and urged her to begin painting again.
伍德罗发现艾伦的阴郁情绪令人不安，并敦促她重新开始绘画。
But even her art could not brighten Ellen's disposition.
但即使是她的艺术也无法照亮艾伦的性格。
Ellen Wilson I cannot somehow shake off for a moment the weight it has laid upon my spirits, all the more so perhaps because, for Woodrow's sake, I must not show it.
埃伦·威尔逊 我一刻也无法摆脱它给我精神带来的沉重负担，也许更是如此，因为看在伍德罗的份上，我不能表现出来。
He is almost terribly dependent on me to keep up his spirits and to "rest" him, as he says.
正如他所说，他几乎非常依赖我来保持他的精神并让他“休息”。
If I become just for a moment blue, then he becomes blue black.
如果我只是暂时变成蓝色，那么他就会变成蓝黑色。
Narrator As a girl, Ellen had been devastated by her father's depression.
叙述者 作为一个女孩，艾伦因父亲的抑郁症而深受打击。
For the sake of her own daughters, she began making every effort to resume a normal life.
为了自己的女儿，她开始竭尽全力恢复正常的生活。
During his early years as President of Princeton, Wilson continued to receive invitations from around the nation to speak about political reform.
在担任普林斯顿大学校长的早年，威尔逊不断收到来自全国各地的关于政治改革的邀请。
"He was time and again overwhelmed with applause," the Baltimore Sun wrote, " and had to wait until the clapping ceased to be heard again." Harper's Monthly declared that Wilson was a man the nation would do well to pay attention to.
《巴尔的摩太阳报》写道：“他一次又一次被掌声淹没，不得不等到不再听到掌声。” 《哈珀月刊》宣称威尔逊是值得全国关注的人。
By any measure, the Princeton President's star was on the rise.
无论以何种标准衡量，这位普林斯顿大学校长的明星地位都在冉冉升起。
Then, on the morning of May 28, 1906, the Wilson household was thrown into panic.
然后，1906 年 5 月 28 日早上，威尔逊一家陷入了恐慌。
Woodrow awoke to discover that that he had lost sight in one eye.
伍德罗醒来后发现自己一只眼睛失明了。
Ellen rushed him to the hospital, where doctors discovered that the blood vessels behind Wilson's left eye had hemorrhaged.
艾伦赶紧把他送往医院，医生发现威尔逊左眼后面的血管已经出血。
Back home, Nellie and her sisters waited anxiously for news of their father's condition.
回到家里，内莉和她的姐妹们焦急地等待着父亲病情的消息。
Nellie Wilson We were at the door waiting when they returned.
内莉·威尔逊 他们回来时我们正在门口等着。
Father was calm, but after one look at mother's face, we knew that something dreadful had happened.
父亲很平静，但一看母亲的脸色，我们就知道发生了可怕的事情。
Not until father had gone upstairs did she tell us that the doctor's verdict was that he must give up all his work and live a retired life.
直到父亲上楼，她才告诉我们，医生的判决是他必须放弃所有工作，过退休生活。
Worst of all, there was no assurance that he would ever again regain his health completely.
最糟糕的是，无法保证他会再次完全恢复健康。
It is impossible to describe the panic and despair that engulfed us.
无法形容席卷我们的恐慌和绝望。
Narrator The hemorrhage had been caused by a severe case of hypertension or high blood pressure.
旁白 出血是由于严重的高血压或高血压引起的。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park Here is a man who's 49 years old, relatively young, who already has a, an advanced disease.
历史学家：Bert Park 博士 这是一位 49 岁的男子，相对年轻，已经患有晚期疾病。
By the time we reach 1906 this disease process has already been ongoing for at least a decade.
到 1906 年，这种疾病过程已经持续了至少十年。
Simply because you don't get this type of finding unless the disease has been hanging around for a long time.
原因很简单，除非这种疾病已经存在很长时间了，否则你不会得到这种类型的发现。
The problem is that it then begins to affect other organ systems.
问题是它随后开始影响其他器官系统。
If it's left untreated, you're talking about the heart, the kidneys and most significantly the brain.
如果不及时治疗，你所谈论的是心脏、肾脏，最重要的是大脑。
And the potential for that is catastrophic ultimately.
最终，这种情况的可能性是灾难性的。
Narrator In 1906, the only known treatment for hypertension was rest.
旁白 1906 年，唯一已知的高血压治疗方法是休息。
His doctor recommended that Wilson retire if he wished to live.
他的医生建议威尔逊如果想活下去就退休。
Wilson decided to take a leave from Princeton and go to Britain to recuperate.
威尔逊决定从普林斯顿请假前往英国休养。
He began a strict regime of exercise, walking farther and farther each day until he was hiking up to 14 miles across the English countryside.
他开始了严格的锻炼制度，每天走得越来越远，直到徒步穿越英国乡村 14 英里。
With his sight returned and his health improved, he began to ponder his faith and his future.
随着视力的恢复和健康状况的改善，他开始思考自己的信仰和未来。
Historian: John Morton Blum The Presbyterian faith meant a great deal to Wilson from the time that he was first conscious of an idea through the rest of his life.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 长老会信仰对威尔逊来说意义重大，从他第一次意识到一个想法到他的余生。
He was a Calvinist in fact.
事实上他是加尔文主义者。
And always a Calvinist, secure in the knowledge that he was one of the elect one of God's agents, he thought, on this earth.
他始终是一位加尔文主义者，深知自己是上帝在这个地球上的选民之一，他想。
Narrator By the end of his stay in Britain, Wilson had become convinced that he had not yet fulfilled God's plan for him.
旁白 在英国逗留结束时，威尔逊确信他尚未实现上帝对他的计划。
He decided that he would devote himself to transforming Princeton, even if it meant risking his health.
他决定致力于改造普林斯顿，即使这意味着冒着健康风险。
Woodrow Wilson College should not be-as many think it is-a playground for the sons of very rich men, for they are not as apt to form definite and serious purposes, as are those who know they must whet their whits for the struggle of life.
伍德罗·威尔逊学院不应该——正如许多人认为的那样——成为非常富有的人的儿子们的游乐场，因为他们不像那些知道必须为生活奋斗而磨砺自己的人那样容易形成明确而严肃的目标。
Narrator With the rise of a new class of fabulously wealthy Americans, Princeton had become a place where the sons of the rich could gain a bit of culture, without having to expend too much effort-a kind of country club.
旁白 随着新的美国富豪阶层的崛起，普林斯顿已经成为富人子弟无需花费太多精力就能获得一点文化的地方——一种乡村俱乐部。
Now, Wilson wanted to change all that.
现在，威尔逊想要改变这一切。
He proposed building a world-class graduate school in the center of campus to train the next generation of American leaders.
他提议在校园中心建立一所世界一流的研究生院，以培养下一代美国领导人。
To help attract serious scholars, he planned to abolish Princeton's fraternity like eating-clubs, filled with the schools richest and laziest students.
为了吸引认真的学者，他计划废除普林斯顿大学的兄弟会，就像饮食俱乐部一样，里面挤满了学校最富有和最懒的学生。
But Princeton's wealthy alumni were outraged by Wilson's attacks on their son's beloved clubs and threatened to withhold their donations.
但普林斯顿大学的富有校友对威尔逊袭击他们儿子心爱的俱乐部感到愤怒，并威胁要扣留捐款。
Rather than try to work out a compromise, Wilson declared war.
威尔逊没有试图达成妥协，而是宣战。
Historian: John Morton Blum Wilson had never found opposition easy to handle.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆·威尔逊从未发现反对派是容易对付的。
He had this extraordinary confidence that his was the right, that he was the special vehicle of the Lord, that he spoke the truth, so that opposition became almost in that definition sacrilegious.
他有着非凡的信心，相信自己是正确的，自己是主的特殊载体，自己说的是实话，因此，在这个定义中，反对几乎成了亵渎。
Historian: Jay Winter After all Calvinism was based upon a hatred of the gaudy riches and laziness of the Catholic church.
历史学家：杰·温特 毕竟加尔文主义是建立在对天主教会的华丽财富和懒惰的仇恨之上的。
None of that for Woodrow Wilson at Princeton.
对于普林斯顿大学的伍德罗·威尔逊来说，这些都不是。
Wilson's education was moral as much as it was intellectual.
威尔逊接受的教育既是智力教育，也是道德教育。
Narrator Over the next four years, Wilson spent a great deal of time fighting the alumni, but little time building the support he needed.
旁白 在接下来的四年里，威尔逊花了很多时间与校友抗争，却很少花时间去争取他所需要的支持。
Eventually, his graduate school was built, but far from the main campus.
最终，他的研究生院建成了，但远离主校区。
The "upper-crust" eating clubs remained at the center of university social life.
“上流社会”饮食俱乐部仍然是大学社交生活的中心。
Gradually, Wilson came to bitterly resent those who had opposed him.
渐渐地，威尔逊对那些反对他的人产生了强烈的怨恨。
Woodrow Wilson Certainly this is the same place to a stick that I knew four years ago, but I have changed much more than it has.
伍德罗·威尔逊 当然，这与我四年前认识的棍子的位置相同，但我的改变比它大得多。
I am constantly confronted by specimens of the sort I like least: restless, rich, empty-headed people.
我经常遇到我最不喜欢的那种人：不安分、富有、头脑空虚的人。
I am glad to see them disappear into the distance, but very resentful that I must have their dust in my nostrils.
我很高兴看到它们消失在远方，但很怨恨我的鼻孔里一定有它们的灰尘。
They and their kind are my worst enemies.
他们和他们的同类是我最大的敌人。
Narrator Wilson became so frustrated that he began to think the time had come to leave Princeton and the job that had suited him so well.
叙述者威尔逊变得非常沮丧，他开始认为是时候离开普林斯顿大学和这份非常适合他的工作了。
Ellen Wilson was responsible for a household of ten at Princeton - including her own daughters, a niece of Woodrow's and her own adult sister and brother.
艾伦·威尔逊 (Ellen Wilson) 在普林斯顿大学负责照顾一个十口之家，其中包括她自己的女儿、伍德罗的侄女以及她自己成年的姐妹和兄弟。
Her brother Stockton was the most demanding, for he suffered from the family curse of manic depression.
她的哥哥斯托克顿对她的要求是最高的，因为他患有躁狂抑郁症的家族诅咒。
During one of Stockton's breakdowns, Ellen revealed her burdens to a friend.
在斯托克顿一次精神崩溃期间，艾伦向一位朋友吐露了她的负担。
Ellen Wilson I used to think it didn't matter if you gave way, if no one knew.
艾伦·威尔逊 我曾经认为，如果没有人知道，即使你让步也没关系。
But now, I do not dare to give way a minute.
但现在，我一分钟都不敢让步。
Both Stockton and Woodrow need me to be strong all the time.
斯托克顿和伍德罗都需要我一直保持坚强。
Narrator But the wear and tear of always needing to be strong for others made it difficult for Ellen to be the lively companion that Woodrow craved.
旁白 但是，总是需要为他人坚强而疲惫不堪，这使得艾伦很难成为伍德罗渴望的活泼伴侣。
To keep her husband happy, she began staging parties where Woodrow could banter with her more spirited female friends.
为了让丈夫高兴，她开始举办聚会，伍德罗可以在聚会上与她更活泼的女性朋友开玩笑。
But for Woodrow, Ellen's parties were not enough.
但对伍德罗来说，艾伦的聚会还不够。
He decided to take a break from his battles at Princeton and go to Bermuda.
他决定暂时结束在普林斯顿的战斗，前往百慕大。
Ellen stayed home to look after Stockton and her daughters.
艾伦留在家里照顾斯托克顿和她的女儿们。
In Bermuda, Wilson met a witty, outgoing socialite named Mary Peck.
在百慕大，威尔逊遇到了一位机智、外向的社交名流，名叫玛丽·佩克。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Woodrow Wilson was an academic with a Ph.D., who was used to being around academics, and politicians.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡洛丽·伍德罗·威尔逊是一位拥有博士学位的学者，习惯于与学者和政客打交道。
And in walks Mary Peck, who's vivacious, beautiful, and flirtatious.
玛丽·派克走了进来，她活泼、美丽、轻浮。
I think she says something like, because he did not smoke, or skate, or swim, he was drawn to women like me who did.
我想她是这么说的，因为他不抽烟、不滑冰、不游泳，所以他就被像我这样抽烟的女人所吸引。
Narrator Peck introduced Wilson to her friend Mark Twain and invited Woodrow to play golf with them.
叙述者佩克将威尔逊介绍给她的朋友马克·吐温，并邀请伍德罗和他们一起打高尔夫球。
Afterward, Peck invited Wilson to her home, though she too was married.
之后，佩克邀请威尔逊到她家，尽管她也已婚。
As they enjoyed the pleasures of Bermuda together, Wilson felt himself drawn more and more to her.
当他们一起享受百慕大的乐趣时，威尔逊感到自己越来越被她吸引。
Woodrow Wilson There were hours when I lost all of the abominable self-consciousness that has been my bane all my life, and felt perfectly at ease.
伍德罗·威尔逊（Woodrow Wilson） 有好几个小时，我完全摆脱了我一生中的祸根——所有令人厌恶的自我意识，并感到完全放松。
Happily myself.
庆幸的是我自己。
God was very good to me to send me such a friend, so perfectly satisfying and delightful.
上帝对我很好，给了我这样一个朋友，让我非常满足和愉快。
So delectable.
太美味了。
Historian: John Milton Cooper She was a lovely, sympathetic, interesting person, interesting woman.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 她是一个可爱、富有同情心、有趣的人、有趣的女人。
Something happened there.
那里发生了一些事情。
Some kind of love affair began between the two of them.
他们两人之间开始了某种恋爱关系。
We don't know how far it went.
我们不知道它走了多远。
Probably rather far, just given Wilson's own rather passionate nature.
考虑到威尔逊本人相当热情的本性，可能相当遥远。
Narrator When Wilson returned home, he and Mary continued to write to each other.
旁白 威尔逊回到家后，他和玛丽继续给对方写信。
Eventually, Ellen learned about their correspondence.
最终，艾伦得知了他们的信件。
Historian: John Milton Cooper She confronted Wilson, but not in a fighting way.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 她与威尔逊对峙，但不是以战斗的方式。
And what she was able to do was to get him to back off.
而她能做的，就是让他退缩。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Well Ellen must've been very upset about the relationship that Woodrow had with Mary Peck.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡洛丽 好吧，艾伦一定对伍德罗与玛丽·佩克的关系感到非常不安。
But to maintain his path to his career, she put a good face on it.
但为了维持他的职业道路，她强颜欢笑。
Made out that Mary was a friend of the family, and she had no objection to their friendship.
得知玛丽是这家人的朋友，她并不反对他们的友谊。
Historian: Thomas Knock However, we do know it caused pain for all people concerned, especially Ellen.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克然而，我们确实知道这给所有相关人员带来了痛苦，尤其是艾伦。
She was grief-stricken by this and Wilson was guilt-stricken.
她对此感到悲痛，威尔逊也感到内疚。
Ultimately, he decided to taper off the relationship with Mary.
最终，他决定减少与玛丽的关系。
And Ellen eventually forgave him.
艾伦最终原谅了他。
And they went on from there.
他们从那里继续前进。
Narrator One morning in April of 1910, a well-known journalist arrived at Princeton.
旁白 1910 年 4 月的一天早晨，一位著名记者抵达普林斯顿。
Ray Baker had taken on the role of scout for the progressive movement and was traveling the country in search of a new leader to fight for its agenda.
雷·贝克（Ray Baker）担任了进步运动的侦察员，并正在全国各地寻找新的领导人来为其议程而奋斗。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brown Progressives were concerned that the focus on wealth and the focus on a top elite garnering all of the wealth had taken attention away from the purpose of the United States, which was supposed to be a democratic society in which the maximum number of people joined in making decisions.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗（Victoria Bissell Brown）进步派担心，对财富的关注以及对获得所有财富的顶级精英的关注已经转移了人们对美国宗旨的关注，美国本应是一个民主社会，其中尽可能多的人参与决策。
Narrator Baker had heard about Wilson's battles at Princeton.
叙述者贝克听说过威尔逊在普林斯顿大学的战斗。
He wondered if the outspoken professor might be a potential progressive candidate for President in 1912.
他想知道这位直言不讳的教授是否可能成为 1912 年总统的潜在进步候选人。
Baker spent two hours with Wilson, assessing his potential as a politician.
贝克与威尔逊一起度过了两个小时，评估他作为政治家的潜力。
Ray Stannard Baker I left Princeton convinced that I had met the finest mind to be found in America public life.
雷·斯坦纳德·贝克 (Ray Stannard Baker) 离开普林斯顿时，我深信自己遇到了美国公共生活中最优秀的人才。
And yet, I concluded that he was politically impossible.
然而，我的结论是他在政治上是不可能的。
Was he not wholly without practical experience?
他不是完全没有实践经验吗？
He did not know the leaders of his own party in New Jersey, or even in his own town.
他不认识新泽西州自己政党的领导人，甚至不认识自己所在城镇的领导人。
I did not believe in miracles.
我不相信奇迹。
Narrator Baker may have been unwilling to bet on Wilson, but not the New Jersey democratic boss, "Sugar" Jim Smith.
旁白贝克可能不愿意把赌注押在威尔逊身上，但新泽西州民主党老板“糖”吉姆·史密斯却不愿意。
Smith was a charming Irishman, who was rumored to have taken more than his share of bribes.
史密斯是一位迷人的爱尔兰人，有传言说他收受的贿赂超过了应有的数额。
He was desperate to find someone who could win the New Jersey governorship by appealing to progressive voters-but who was politically naÔve enough to be easily manipulated.
他迫切希望找到一个能够通过吸引进步选民来赢得新泽西州州长职位的人，但他在政治上很天真，很容易被操纵。
Boss Smith offered Professor Wilson the democratic nomination for governor.
史密斯老板向威尔逊教授提供了州长的民主提名。
Wilson immediately accepted.
威尔逊立即接受了。
But Ellen was less enthusiastic.
但艾伦却没有那么热情。
After seeing a New York production of "Macbeth," she worried about the physical cost to her husband of unrestrained ambition.
在看完纽约制作的《麦克白》后，她担心无节制的野心会给丈夫带来身体上的损失。
Ellen Wilson Maybe these husbands ought not to be encouraged to get the things to which their ambitions lead them.
埃伦·威尔逊：也许不应该鼓励这些丈夫去实现他们的野心引导他们实现的目标。
I don't mean when the object of their ambition is wrong as in Macbeth's case, but even when it is right, it may wear out their strength and spirit and health.
我并不是说他们的野心目标是错误的，就像麦克白的例子一样，但即使是正确的，也可能会耗尽他们的力量、精神和健康。
And yet they will never be happy unless they get it.
然而，除非他们得到它，否则他们永远不会快乐。
Narrator In September of 1910, Woodrow Wilson began his campaign for governor.
旁白 1910 年 9 月，伍德罗·威尔逊开始竞选州长。
Woodrow Wilson I endorse the splendid program of the progressives, to put things forward by fairness, by justice, by a concern for all interests.
伍德罗·威尔逊 我赞同进步派的出色纲领，通过公平、正义和对所有利益的关注来提出问题。
Narrator The election went just as Sugar Jim Smith had planned: Wilson led the democrats to a statewide sweep.
旁白 选举正如糖吉姆·史密斯所计划的那样进行：威尔逊带领民主党在全州范围内大获全胜。
Immediately after the new governor was sworn in, Sugar Jim came calling at the capitol to give Wilson his marching orders.
新州长宣誓就职后，糖吉姆立即前往国会大厦向威尔逊下达行军命令。
Historian: John Milton Cooper There is a great irony in Wilson's entrance into politics, which is that he comes in as the tool of the bosses.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 威尔逊进入政界有一个很大的讽刺，那就是他成为了老板们的工具。
They want Wilson as a Trojan horse, really.
他们真的希望威尔逊成为特洛伊木马。
Well, turns out their Trojan horse was a real horse.
好吧，事实证明他们的特洛伊木马是一匹真正的木马。
Narrator In defiance of Smith, Wilson introduced four major reform bills: an anti-corruption law, election reform, new laws to regulate corporations, and workman's compensation.
旁白 威尔逊不顾史密斯的反对，提出了四项主要改革法案：反腐败法、选举改革、监管公司的新法律以及工人赔偿。
"The whole country is watching the first session of the New Jersey legislature under Wilson with interest," the New York Times wrote, "it is the beginning of the combat between him and the old system." Sugar Jim still controlled many of the votes in the legislature, and he was confident he would be able to teach the professor a lesson.
《纽约时报》写道：“全国人民都在饶有兴趣地观看威尔逊领导下的新泽西州立法机构第一届会议，这是他与旧体制斗争的开始。”糖吉姆仍然控制着立法机关的许多选票，他有信心能够给教授一个教训。
But when Sugar Jim's supporters gathered at a legislative caucus to plan Wilson's defeat, they were stunned when the governor arrived in person to confront them.
但当“糖吉姆”的支持者聚集在立法党团会议上策划击败威尔逊时，当州长亲自到来与他们对质时，他们感到震惊。
The legislators angrily told him that his presence was unconstitutional.
立法者愤怒地告诉他，他的出席是违宪的。
In response Wilson whipped a copy of the state constitution out of his pocket and cited the passage that gave him the right to be present.
作为回应，威尔逊从口袋里掏出一份州宪法，并引用了赋予他出席会议权利的段落。
Then he made an appeal to what he called "their better, unselfish natures." Every one of the new governor's reform bills passed.
然后他诉诸了他所谓的“他们更好、无私的本性”。新州长的每一项改革法案都获得通过。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Wilson was a great surprise as a politician.
作为一名政治家，肯尼迪·威尔逊是一个巨大的惊喜。
He had had no elected public life before this moment.
在此之前，他从未参与过民选公共生活。
He was the darkest of dark horses.
他是黑马中最黑的。
But he was a refreshing presence.
但他的存在令人耳目一新。
He was someone who spoke clearly and emphatically, and spoke truth to power and denounced the bosses and denounced the bankers and the corporate titans and so on.
他是一个说话清晰、斩钉截铁的人，对权力讲真话，谴责老板、谴责银行家和企业巨头等等。
In language that was precise and eloquent to a degree that few others could do.
语言的精确和雄辩达到了很少有人能做到的程度。
Narrator Wilson had served in elected office for just two years, but newspapers across the country were suddenly calling him a contender for the White House.
叙述者威尔逊在民选办公室任职仅两年，但全国各地的报纸突然称他为白宫竞争者。
"Why is Governor Woodrow Wilson now frequently mentioned as a Democratic candidate for the presidency?" the Rocky Mountain news asked.
“为什么伍德罗·威尔逊州长现在经常被提及为民主党总统候选人？”落基山新闻问道。
"We think the answer is to be found in two words: progressiveness and courage." The Democratic Convention of 1912 took place in Baltimore.
“我们认为答案可以用两个词找到：进步和勇气。” 1912 年民主党大会在巴尔的摩举行。
The excited delegates were convinced that the White House was within their grasp - if only they could agree on a candidate.
兴奋的代表们相信，只要他们能够就一位候选人达成一致，白宫就在他们的掌握之中。
In three previous elections the Democrats had backed Nebraska populist William Jennings Bryan.
在之前的三届选举中，民主党都支持内布拉斯加州民粹主义者威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
Historian: Michael Kazin The Democratic Progressives had run hard behind Bryan three different times.
历史学家：迈克尔·卡津 民进党曾三次大力支持布莱恩。
He had lost all three times by increasing margins.
他三次都因为利润的增加而输掉了。
And so they needed to find someone who could win.
所以他们需要找到一个能够获胜的人。
They needed somebody who would not scare the richest most powerful people in society who ran most of the newspapers in America, which was the mass media at the time.
他们需要一个不会吓到社会上最富有、最有权势的人的人，这些人掌管着美国大部分报纸，也就是当时的大众媒体。
And they also wanted someone of course who was a true Progressive.
当然，他们还想要一个真正的进步主义者。
Narrator Nine candidates had tossed their hats in the ring.
旁白 九名候选人已在擂台上抛了帽子。
The favorites were Wilson, backed by reformers in the North, and Champ Clark, darling of conservatives and big city bosses.
最受青睐的是受到北方改革者支持的威尔逊，以及保守派和大城市老板们的宠儿钱普·克拉克。
Though William Jennings Bryan was not running, everyone knew that it would be impossible to win the nomination without his support.
尽管威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩没有参加竞选，但每个人都知道，如果没有他的支持，就不可能赢得提名。
For years Bryan and Wilson had held each other in mutual contempt.
多年来，布莱恩和威尔逊一直互相蔑视。
But then Ellen Wilson stepped in.
但随后艾伦·威尔逊介入了。
Though she was ambivalent about Woodrow's political ambitions, Ellen was also fiercely loyal.
尽管艾伦对伍德罗的政治野心抱有矛盾的态度，但她也非常忠诚。
Without consulting her husband, Ellen invited Bryan to dinner.
艾伦没有咨询丈夫的意见，就邀请布莱恩共进晚餐。
That evening, Wilson, the Princeton intellectual, and Bryan, the Nebraska populist, found out they had a surprising amount in common.
那天晚上，普林斯顿大学知识分子威尔逊和内布拉斯加州民粹主义者布莱恩发现他们有惊人的共同点。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli I think any wife who, who feels that she understands so well her husbands career, that she can arrange dinner guests that fit those plans, I think that shows an enormous strength and independence.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利（Betty Boyd Caroli） 我认为，任何一位妻子，如果她觉得自己非常了解丈夫的职业生涯，可以安排符合这些计划的晚餐客人，我认为这显示了巨大的力量和独立性。
And arranging a dinner with anybody as important as a, a former candidate for President, and then telling your husband to get home because you had arranged it, it shows a lot of guts.
安排与像前总统候选人这样重要的人共进晚餐，然后告诉你的丈夫回家，因为这是你安排的，这显示了很大的勇气。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Ellen made it possible for Wilson to be Wilson.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 艾伦使威尔逊成为威尔逊成为可能。
She was very shrewd about how to exploit opportunities.
她对于如何利用机会非常精明。
Whenever he had a great career change, whenever he had a great turning point Ellen's advice was absolutely critical.
每当他的职业生涯发生重大转变，每当他遇到重大转折点时，艾伦的建议绝对是至关重要的。
Narrator On June 27th, the delegates began voting in the sweltering heat of Baltimore's convention hall.
旁白 6 月 27 日，代表们在酷热的巴尔的摩会议厅开始投票。
Round after round of balloting produced deadlock after deadlock.
一轮又一轮的投票陷入僵局。
Historian: Michael Kazin The convention of 1912 was one of the more exciting political conventions in American history, probably in world history for that matter.
历史学家：迈克尔·卡津 (Michael Kazin) 1912 年的大会是美国历史上最激动人心的政治大会之一，或许也是世界历史上最激动人心的政治大会之一。
It was very hot, of course.
当然，天气非常热。
It was July and it was Baltimore before the days of air conditioning, so this didn't help matters.
当时是七月，巴尔的摩还没有空调，所以这并没有什么帮助。
You were involved in a circus which at any moment could break out into a fist fight.
你身处一个马戏团，随时可能爆发拳斗。
Narrator With no end to the deadlock in sight, Woodrow Wilson headed for the place he loved best.
旁白 僵局看不到结束的迹象，伍德罗·威尔逊前往他最喜欢的地方。
While he was on the 18th tee, he got word that the logjam at the convention had started to break - William Jennings Bryan was throwing his support behind Governor Wilson.
当他在第 18 洞发球台时，他得到消息称大会的僵局已经开始打破——威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩开始支持威尔逊州长。
On the 46th ballot, Wilson became the Democratic nominee for President.
在第46次投票中，威尔逊成为民主党总统候选人。
For all its drama, the convention was only the opening act for one of the most exciting Presidential elections America had ever seen.
尽管充满戏剧性，这次大会只是美国有史以来最激动人心的总统选举之一的开场表演。
Historian: John Morton Blum To use a phrase of Theodore Roosevelt the American voters, especially middle class voters were in 1912 in an heroic mood.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 用西奥多·罗斯福的话来说，1912年的美国选民，尤其是中产阶级选民，心情十分英雄。
They were in heroic mood demanding change.
他们怀着英雄般的心情要求改变。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy It's one of the most significant elections in all of American history because it involves a philosophical debate about the nature of government, of a depth and a sophistication that we've never really seen in American politics.
肯尼迪 这是美国历史上最重要的选举之一，因为它涉及关于政府性质的哲学辩论，其深度和复杂程度是我们在美国政治中从未真正见过的。
Narrator On the right was the Republican candidate, President William Howard Taft, running for a second term with strong support from big business.
旁白 右边是共和党候选人、总统威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱，他在大企业的大力支持下竞选连任。
On the left was socialist Eugene Debs, who told his millions of supporters that it was time for the working class to run America.
左翼是社会主义者尤金·德布斯，他告诉他的数百万支持者，现在是工人阶级统治美国的时候了。
Two candidates were trying to win the voters in the middle.
两位候选人试图赢得中间选民的支持。
One was Wilson.
其中之一是威尔逊。
The other was former President Theodore Roosevelt, running as leader of his new Bull Moose Party.
另一位是前总统西奥多·罗斯福，作为他的新公牛驼鹿党的领导人竞选。
Both Roosevelt and Wilson were reformers.
罗斯福和威尔逊都是改革家。
It was the only thing they had in common.
这是他们唯一的共同点。
Where Roosevelt was blustering and charismatic, Wilson often seemed cold and distant.
罗斯福气势汹汹、魅力非凡，而威尔逊却常常显得冷漠、疏远。
Where Roosevelt was a baby kisser and back slapper, a reporter had once said that shaking Wilson's hand was like shaking a dead fish.
罗斯福是一个亲吻婴儿、拍背的人，而一位记者曾经说过，握威尔逊的手就像握一条死鱼。
Wilson was painfully aware of their differences.
威尔逊痛苦地意识到他们之间的差异。
Woodrow Wilson He appeals to their imagination.
伍德罗·威尔逊 他激发了他们的想象力。
I do not.
我不知道。
He is a real, vivid person who they have seen and shouted themselves horse for and voted for, millions strong.
他是一个真实、生动的人，数百万人亲眼目睹他、为他欢呼、为他投票。
I am a vague, conjectural personality, more made up of opinions and academic prepossessions than of human traits and red corpuscles.
我是一个模糊的、推测性的人格，更多地是由观点和学术先入之见组成，而不是由人类特征和红细胞组成。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Roosevelt was one of the most kinetic, almost frantic personalities of his era.
肯尼迪·罗斯福是他那个时代最有活力、几乎疯狂的人物之一。
Wilson was much more thoughtful, more cerebral.
威尔逊更加深思熟虑，更加理智。
But beneath that veneer was quite a passionate individual, passionate about his politics and often passionate about his personal life.
但在这个外表之下，是一个充满激情的人，对他的政治充满热情，而且常常对他的个人生活充满热情。
Narrator As election day neared, the Roosevelt camp came into possession of one of Mary Peck's steamy love letters to Wilson, which was apparently stolen from Wilson's luggage.
旁白 随着选举日的临近，罗斯福阵营获得了玛丽·佩克写给威尔逊的一封热情洋溢的情书，这封信显然是从威尔逊的行李中偷来的。
Roosevelt's advisors urged him to release the letter to the press.
罗斯福的顾问敦促他向媒体公布这封信。
But Roosevelt refused.
但罗斯福拒绝了。
It was hopeless, he said, to convince the public that a man who looked like a drugstore clerk was, in reality, a Romeo.
他说，要让公众相信一个看起来像药店店员的人实际上是罗密欧是没有希望的。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli And they didn't release the letters, and I think that explains why most people have trouble seeing Woodrow Wilson as this passionate man, because he did look like the druggist on the corner, you know.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 他们没有公布这些信件，我认为这解释了为什么大多数人很难将伍德罗·威尔逊视为一个充满激情的人，因为他看起来确实像街角的药剂师，你知道。
He was very academic, those steel-rimmed glasses, he always seemed very serious, but he was an extremely passionate person.
他很学术，那副钢框眼镜，总是显得很严肃，但他是一个极其热情的人。
Narrator Wilson's best hope against Roosevelt was to speak to Americans in person.
叙述者威尔逊对罗斯福的最大希望就是亲自与美国人交谈。
He crisscrossed the nation, warning his audiences that big business was cutting average Americans out of their fair share of the nation's wealth.
他走遍全国，警告听众，大企业正在剥夺普通美国人在国家财富中应得的份额。
Woodrow Wilson We must choose whether we shall continue to have our affairs dominated and determined by small groups of men or whether we shall again assert the individual independence of the American people in the conduct of their business and their politics.
伍德罗·威尔逊 我们必须选择是继续让我们的事务由一小群人主导和决定，还是再次主张美国人民在开展业务和政治时的个人独立性。
Narrator Wilson promised Americans a "New Freedom" - a new opportunity for the average person to get ahead in the world.
叙述者威尔逊向美国人许诺“新自由”——为普通人在世界上取得成功的新机会。
Historian: Thomas Knock The difference between Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, at that time was that Woodrow Wilson wanted to enact very tough anti-trust law, to break up the big corporations into smaller units.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克 当时西奥多·罗斯福和伍德罗·威尔逊之间的区别在于，伍德罗·威尔逊希望制定非常严厉的反垄断法，将大公司拆分成更小的单位。
Then the government could sit back and have a kind of self-regulating economy, so that smaller business people, "the man on the make," he used that phrase a lot, could have an opportunity to realize their full potential.
然后，政府就可以袖手旁观，建立一种自我调节的经济，这样，小企业主，即他经常使用的“成功人士”，就有机会充分发挥自己的潜力。
This is part of what he meant by "The New Freedom." Narrator Wilson spent election day at the governor's home in New Jersey.
这是他所说的“新自由”的一部分含义。旁白威尔逊在新泽西州州长官邸度过了选举日。
After dinner he read Ellen and his daughters a poem by Browning about the importance of accepting God's will.
晚餐后，他给艾伦和女儿们读了一首勃朗宁的诗，讲述了接受上帝意志的重要性。
Woodrow Wilson "Indeed, the special marking of the man / Is prone submission to the heavenly will / Seeing it, what it is, and why it is." Narrator Nellie was the first to hear the sound that signaled the outcome of the election.
伍德罗·威尔逊“确实，这个人的特殊标记/容易屈服于天意/看到它，它是什么，以及为什么它是。”旁白内莉是第一个听到选举结果声音的人。
Nellie Wilson I heard the first muffled tone of the bell of old Nassau Hall - another moment it was ringing like a thing possessed.
内莉·威尔逊 我听到老拿骚大厅的第一声低沉的钟声——又一会儿，它像着了魔的东西一样响起。
I ran to one of the front windows.
我跑到前窗前。
In all directions, as far as I could see, there were people coming.
放眼望去，四面八方，都有人来。
Swarms had already invaded the little garden and were crowding around the porch.
成群的动物已经侵入了小花园，并聚集在门廊周围。
Swaying torches made grotesque circles of light.
摇曳的火把形成怪诞的光圈。
And there, a red glare shining full on his face was father, utterly, utterly unfamiliar.
在那里，脸上闪着红光的是父亲，完全非常陌生。
He was no longer my father.
他不再是我的父亲了。
These people, strangers who had chosen him to be their leader, now claimed him.
这些原本选择他作为领袖的陌生人，现在却认领了他。
Narrator On March 3, 1913, the Wilson's arrived in Washington, to celebrate Woodrow's inauguration as President.
旁白 1913 年 3 月 3 日，威尔逊夫妇抵达华盛顿，庆祝伍德罗就任总统。
But the family had as much to worry about as celebrate.
但一家人除了庆祝之外，还有很多值得担心的事情。
Wilson had won just forty-three percent of the vote, hardly a mandate.
威尔逊只赢得了百分之四十三的选票，这几乎算不上是授权。
Before the election, he had forecast that the life of the next president would be hell and said that the stress of the job might well kill him.
大选前，他曾预测下一任总统的生活将是地狱，并表示工作压力很可能会杀死他。
Ellen was also worried about what the strain of the presidency would do to Woodrow's blood pressure.
艾伦还担心总统职位的压力会对伍德罗的血压产生影响。
But as Nellie helped her mother prepare for an inaugural tea at the White House, the first sign came that it was Ellen who was in trouble.
但当内莉帮助母亲准备白宫就职茶会时，第一个迹象表明艾伦遇到了麻烦。
Nellie Wilson I arranged her hair and adjusted her prettiest hat at just the right angle.
内莉·威尔逊（Nellie Wilson）我整理了她的头发，并将她最漂亮的帽子调整到合适的角度。
She hardly said a word.
她几乎没说一句话。
Then, suddenly, putting both hands over her face, she burst into tears.
然后，突然，她用双手捂住脸，泪流满面。
There was almost despair in her sudden break, something I had never seen before.
她突然的崩溃有一种近乎绝望的感觉，这是我以前从未见过的。
I was afraid that mother was ill.
I was afraid that mother was ill.
As she left with father, I cried with black despair, 'It will kill them-it will kill them both.' Narrator On March 4th, 1913, Wilson was inaugurated the 28th President of the United States.
当她和父亲离开时，我绝望地哭泣：“这会杀了他们——这会杀了他们两个。”旁白 1913 年 3 月 4 日，威尔逊就任美国第 28 任总统。
Soon after he took office, Wilson announced that he would do something no president in 113 years had done: address the Congress in person.
威尔逊上任后不久就宣布，他将做113年来没有一位总统做过的事情：亲自在国会发表讲话。
Then he sat down at his typewriter, a machine which he had been one of the first Americans to embrace, and began tapping out his speech.
然后他坐在打字机前（他是最早使用这台机器的人之一），开始敲出他的演讲。
Woodrow Wilson I am very glad indeed to have this opportunity to address the two Houses directly and to verify for myself the impression that the President of the United States is a person, not a mere department of the Government hailing Congress from some isolated island of jealous power, sending messages, not speaking naturally and with his own voice - that he is a human being trying to cooperate with other human beings in a common service.
伍德罗·威尔逊：我确实很高兴有这个机会直接向两院发表讲话，并亲自验证这样的印象：美国总统是一个人，而不仅仅是一个政府部门，他向来自嫉妒权力的某个孤岛的国会致敬，发送信息，而不是自然地用自己的声音说话——他是一个试图在共同服务中与其他人合作的人。
Narrator As he settled into his new job, Wilson established a strict schedule.
旁白 在适应新工作后，威尔逊制定了严格的时间表。
He arrived at eight each day for a breakfast of coffee, oatmeal, and two raw eggs in fruit juice - "like swallowing a newborn baby," he said.
他每天八点到家，吃早餐，包括咖啡、燕麦片和两个果汁生鸡蛋——“就像吞下一个新生婴儿一样，”他说。
He then dictated from nine to ten a.m.
He then dictated from nine to ten a.m.
and saw visitors until one.
and saw visitors until one.
After lunch with his family, he returned to his office.
与家人共进午餐后，他回到办公室。
Nearly all who came to see him there were struck by the President's deep sense of mission.
几乎所有来拜访他的人都被总统深深的使命感所震撼。
When the chairman of the Democratic Party came to demand a job in return for helping Wilson win the presidency, Wilson told him that it was not the Democratic Party, but God, who had made him president.
当民主党主席来要求一份工作以换取帮助威尔逊赢得总统职位时，威尔逊告诉他，不是民主党，而是上帝让他当总统。
Historian: John Morton Blum A character in any President is an important part of the way he handles his office.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 任何一位总统的性格都是他处理职务的重要组成部分。
Now in Wilson's case let's just take one aspect of his character, his certitude.
现在以威尔逊为例，我们只看他性格的一个方面，即他的自信。
His certitude that he was right.
His certitude that he was right.
Now certitude is a great asset, when you have to fight for what you believe in and when you convince other people that your correct.
现在，当你必须为自己的信念而奋斗，并且让其他人相信你是正确的时，确定性就是一笔巨大的财富。
But certitude is a serious obstacle when you're trying to achieve something to which there's a good deal of opposition and where it's necessary to compromise in order to have your way.
但当你试图实现某件事时，遇到很多反对，并且必须妥协才能实现目标，那么确定性就会成为一个严重的障碍。
Narrator Wilson was fortunate that in his early days in office there was little organized opposition to his plans for change.
叙述者威尔逊很幸运，在他上任之初，很少有人有组织地反对他的变革计划。
In a rapid fire series of bills he was able to toughen anti-trust laws, win new protections for labor unions, create the Federal Reserve System to make loans more easily available to average Americans, and give government the resources it needed to rein in big business by creating the first lasting income tax.
在一系列迅速出台的法案中，他加强了反垄断法，为工会赢得了新的保护，创建了联邦储备系统，使普通美国人更容易获得贷款，并通过创建第一个持久的所得税，为政府提供了控制大企业所需的资源。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy The first two years of Wilson's first term are one of the most remarkable moments in modern American politics.
肯尼迪 威尔逊第一任期的头两年是现代美国政治中最引人注目的时刻之一。
There's more reform agenda accomplished in that brief moment than in virtually any other two year period in the 20th century.
在那短暂的时刻完成的改革议程几乎比 20 世纪任何其他两年时期都要多。
He lays down the rhetorical markers about how the state must step in to insulate citizens against the volatilities of the free market and this has defined the character of American politics ever since.
他提出了关于国家必须如何介入以使公民免受自由市场波动影响的言辞标记，这从那时起就定义了美国政治的特征。
Narrator In a second round of reforms Wilson pushed through the first law mandating an 8 hour work day and the first law banning child labor.
旁白 在第二轮改革中，威尔逊推动通过了第一部规定每天工作 8 小时的法律和第一部禁止童工的法律。
Historian: John Milton Cooper There's a very nice coincidence for Wilson.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 对于威尔逊来说，这是一个非常好的巧合。
In many ways, the kind of ideas that the progressives and programs that they had begun to agitate for, are exactly the kind of things that he had been studying for over twenty years.
从很多方面来说，进步人士所鼓动的思想和纲领正是他二十多年来一直在研究的东西。
Now how do you make government more accountable?
Now how do you make government more accountable?
How do you make it more open?
How do you make it more open?
How do you exercise power both more efficiently and more openly, and more answerably, there.
你如何在那里更有效、更公开、更负责任地行使权力。
And the man and the moment found each other beautifully in that.
那个人和那个时刻在其中完美地相遇了。
Narrator It was an impressive record, but not an unblemished one.
旁白 这是一张令人印象深刻的唱片，但并非完美无缺。
Many prominent African Americans had supported Wilson in 1912, because of his promise that his "New Freedoms" would apply to all Americans equally.
1912 年，许多著名的非裔美国人都支持威尔逊，因为他承诺他的“新自由”将平等地适用于所有美国人。
But once he was in office, Wilson sided with the many southern Democrats in Congress and in his cabinet who favored segregation.
但上任后，威尔逊站在国会和内阁中许多支持种族隔离的南方民主党人一边。
During his first term, the House passed a law making racial intermarriage a felony in the District of Columbia.
在他的第一个任期内，众议院通过了一项法律，将哥伦比亚特区的种族通婚定为重罪。
Then Wilson's new Postmaster General overturned 50 years of integration by ordering that his Washington offices be segregated.
随后，威尔逊的新任邮政局长下令将其华盛顿办事处实行隔离，从而推翻了 50 年来的一体化。
Soon, plans were made to segregate many other federal departments.
很快，制定了隔离许多其他联邦部门的计划。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brown To understand Woodrow Wilson's racial views, it is important to remember that he was a Southerner.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗 要了解伍德罗·威尔逊的种族观点，重要的是要记住他是南方人。
He had been raised in a climate in which it was presumed that African American people were less evolved than Anglo Saxon people.
在他成长的环境中，人们认为非裔美国人的进化程度低于盎格鲁撒克逊人。
This was not a casual assumption on his part, it was one that was ingrained in his whole being.
这并不是他随意的想法，而是根深蒂固的想法。
Narrator In 1914, newspaper publisher William Monroe Trotter led a delegation of African Americans who had endorsed Wilson to the White House.
旁白 1914 年，报纸出版商威廉·门罗·特罗特 (William Monroe Trotter) 率领支持威尔逊入主白宫的非裔美国人代表团。
Trotter angrily asked the President, "have you a new freedom for white Americans and a new slavery for your Afro-American fellow citizens?" Historian: David Levering Lewis They demand an accounting from Woodrow Wilson.
特罗特愤怒地问总统：“你为美国白人提供新的自由，为非裔美国同胞提供新的奴隶制吗？”历史学家：大卫·利弗林·刘易斯 他们要求伍德罗·威尔逊提供一份账目。
They supported the man and these are the consequences and Wilson pleads misunderstanding and suggests that what is being done is really a boon and a benefit to the African Americans.
他们支持这个人，这就是后果，威尔逊辩称误解，并表示正在做的事情确实对非裔美国人来说是一种恩惠和好处。
It's taking away the tension in the work place, as it were.
可以说，它消除了工作场所的紧张气氛。
And Trotter will have none of this and voices rise and tempers rise until Wilson excuses Trotter from his presence.
特罗特不会接受这一切，人们的声音越来越大，脾气也越来越大，直到威尔逊原谅特罗特不在场。
As Trotter leaves he does something quite extraordinary.
当特罗特离开时，他做了一件非常不寻常的事情。
He convenes his own press conference on the grounds of the White House and reenacts the exchanged just transpired between him and the President.
他在白宫召开了自己的新闻发布会，重演了他和总统之间刚刚发生的对话。
Narrator Wilson was furious that a black man would dare to publicly question him.
旁白威尔逊对一个黑人竟敢公开质疑他感到愤怒。
For the rest of his presidency, he would make no effort to improve race relations in America.
在他剩余的总统任期内，他不会做出任何努力来改善美国的种族关系。
Historian: David Levering Lewis In, in every man's life, there's the possibility of making a considerable difference.
历史学家：大卫·莱弗林·刘易斯 (David Levering Lewis) 在每个人的生活中，都有可能做出重大改变。
By attitude, by word spoken, by something done or not done.
通过态度、所说的话、所做或未做的事情。
You'd have to say that in the area of race relations, Woodrow Wilson was deficient on all those points.
不得不说，在种族关系方面，伍德罗·威尔逊在这些方面都有所欠缺。
He neither said what should have been said, he neither did what should have been done, nor did he understand what needed doing.
该说的他没有说，该做的他没有做，他也不明白需要做什么。
Woodrow Wilson It would be an irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs.
伍德罗·威尔逊：如果我的政府必须主要处理外交事务，那将是命运的讽刺。
All of my preparation has been in domestic affairs.
我所有的准备工作都是为了国内事务。
Narrator In Wilson's first month in office, Mexico erupted in revolution when its democratically-elected President was murdered by the Mexican military.
旁白 在威尔逊上任的第一个月，墨西哥爆发了革命，民主选举的总统被墨西哥军方谋杀。
Wilson was convinced that the right thing for the United States to do was send in troops to restore democracy to Mexico.
威尔逊坚信，美国正确的做法是派遣军队恢复墨西哥的民主。
Historian: John Morton Blum Always the idealist, always the moralist, Wilson did have some general ideas about foreign relations to which he repaired when the crises in Mexico and in Europe arose.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 威尔逊始终是理想主义者，始终是道德家，他确实对对外关系有一些总体看法，当墨西哥和欧洲危机出现时，他修正了这些看法。
As always, he saw the United States as a special vehicle of the Lord to provide an example to the world of the blessings of democracy and constitutionalism.
一如既往，他将美国视为上帝的特殊载体，为世界提供民主和宪政祝福的榜样。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Wilson hadn't thought that much about foreign policy.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀·威尔逊并没有对外交政策考虑太多。
Like, like nearly all Americans of his time, even the best educated ones, he thought about domestic affairs.
就像他那个时代的几乎所有美国人一样，即使是受过最好教育的美国人，他也会考虑国内事务。
It just, it just wasn't-this was not something that was on his mind that much.
只是，事实并非如此——这并不是他最关心的事情。
And he had to learn it.
他必须学习它。
We have a President of the United States, who has to learn foreign policy by the seat of his pants.
我们有一位美国总统，他必须凭感觉学习外交政策。
Mexico is his shakedown cruise.
墨西哥是他的试航之旅。
Narrator When the American Navy sailed into Vera Cruz, Mexicans saw it as Yankee imperialism and united to fight the invaders.
旁白 当美国海军驶入韦拉克鲁斯时，墨西哥人将其视为美国帝国主义并团结起来对抗入侵者。
The resulting battle left more than a hundred dead.
由此引发的战斗造成一百多人死亡。
Despite the fierce Mexican opposition, Wilson remained certain that his was the right course.
尽管遭到墨西哥的强烈反对，威尔逊仍然确信他的路线是正确的。
When rebels attacked a border town, Wilson sent more troops into Mexico, once again embroiling the United States in the chaotic revolution.
当叛军袭击边境城镇时，威尔逊向墨西哥派遣了更多军队，再次将美国卷入混乱的革命之中。
Wilson's actions sparked intense criticism.
Wilson's actions sparked intense criticism.
"What legal or moral right has a President of the United States to say who should be President of Mexico?" Harper's Monthly asked.
“美国总统有什么法律或道德权利来决定谁应该担任墨西哥总统？” 《哈珀月刊》问道。
"Wilson is a ridiculous creature in international matters," Theodore Roosevelt declared.
“威尔逊在国际事务中是一个可笑的人物，”西奥多·罗斯福宣称。
"He is the very worst man we have ever had in his position." Historian: David M.
“他是我们在他的职位上遇到过的最糟糕的人。”历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Wilson's intervention in Mexico, in a sense, reveals his amateurism in this area.
肯尼迪·威尔逊对墨西哥的介入，从某种意义上来说，暴露了他在这方面的业余性。
It's a marker I think of just how indifferent he was to the rest of the world, that he, he had reflex, impulse to introduce military forces.
我认为这标志着他对世界其他地方有多么冷漠，他有条件反射和冲动引入军事力量。
That was a pretty ham-handed device for trying to deal with complicated politics of the Mexican revolution.
对于试图处理墨西哥革命的复杂政治来说，这是一个相当笨拙的策略。
Narrator Mexico was just the beginning of Wilson's entanglement in foreign affairs.
Narrator Mexico was just the beginning of Wilson's entanglement in foreign affairs.
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
1914年6月28日，奥地利大公弗朗茨·斐迪南被塞尔维亚民族主义者刺杀。
Austria and Germany mobilized their armies to punish the Serbs.
奥地利和德国动员军队惩罚塞尔维亚人。
To defend them, Russia and France called up their armies.
为了保卫他们，俄罗斯和法国召集了他们的军队。
It was clear to all that the great powers of Europe were on the verge of a catastrophic war.
所有人都清楚，欧洲列强正处于一场灾难性战争的边缘。
Deeply influenced by his boyhood experience of the civil war, Wilson believed that such a conflict offered nothing but heartache for all caught up in it.
威尔逊深受儿时内战经历的影响，他相信这样的冲突只会给所有卷入其中的人带来心痛。
And yet, there were powerful forces pushing him to get involved.
然而，有强大的力量推动他参与其中。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson has a problem on his hands.
历史学家：杰·温特·威尔逊手上有个问题。
He is committed as an American President to defend the national interest, which interest is to stay out of that European war.
作为美国总统，他致力于捍卫国家利益，即不卷入欧洲战争。
At the same time, he has a multi-ethnic population in which there are millions of people whose families are fighting on both sides of a conflict at the same time as the United States becomes neutral.
与此同时，他的人口是多种族的，在美国成为中立国的同时，有数百万人的家庭在冲突双方的斗争中。
He therefore has an impossible political task, which is to keep the country out of the war and at the same time respond to major pulls of public opinion to get involved on one side or the other.
因此，他面临着一项不可能完成的政治任务，那就是让国家远离战争，同时回应舆论的重大拉动，让其卷入一方或另一方。
Narrator For a president who was knew little about foreign affairs, it was the greatest challenge imaginable.
Narrator For a president who was knew little about foreign affairs, it was the greatest challenge imaginable.
And yet, in July of 1914, the impending disaster in Europe was by no means the first thing on Woodrow Wilson's mind.
然而，1914 年 7 月，伍德罗·威尔逊首先想到的并不是欧洲即将发生的灾难。
As first lady, Ellen Wilson refused be confined to the traditional role of White House hostess.
作为第一夫人，艾伦·威尔逊拒绝局限于白宫女主人的传统角色。
With her daughters grown and her siblings finally living on their own, she was determined to do something meaningful.
随着女儿长大，兄弟姐妹终于独立生活，她决心做一些有意义的事情。
After she took a tour of the area where Washington D.C.'s poorest residents lived, Ellen resolved to help clean up the city's slums.
在参观了华盛顿特区最贫困居民居住的地区后，艾伦决心帮助清理该市的贫民窟。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Ellen took the job of first lady to a whole new level.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德 卡洛丽·艾伦将第一夫人的工作提升到了一个全新的水平。
She tied her name to housing legislation, worked very hard to get alleys, backhouses they were called, improved so that slums would be torn down.
她将自己的名字与住房立法联系在一起，非常努力地对小巷、后屋进行改造，以便拆除贫民窟。
She's the first First Lady to do that.
她是第一位这样做的第一夫人。
Narrator After less than a year as First Lady, Ellen had to abandon her efforts - the occasional bouts of exhaustion which she had experienced since the inauguration were becoming much worse.
旁白 在担任第一夫人不到一年后，艾伦不得不放弃她的努力——自就职以来她偶尔经历的疲惫变得更加严重。
Her doctor discovered that Ellen was suffering from a kidney ailment called Bright's Disease.
她的医生发现艾伦患有一种称为布莱特氏病的肾脏疾病。
In the summer of 1914, just as Europe was spiraling towards war, Woodrow Wilson watched helplessly as his wife's health deteriorate.
1914 年夏天，正当欧洲陷入战争之际，伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 眼睁睁地看着妻子的健康状况每况愈下。
Then, on August 1st, as Ellen's condition dramatically worsened, a telegram arrived informing the president that all hope for peace was gone: Germany had declared war on Russia.
然后，8 月 1 日，随着艾伦的病情急剧恶化，一封电报到达，通知总统所有和平的希望都破灭了：德国已向俄罗斯宣战。
Nellie and her father stood vigil at Ellen's bedside.
内莉和她的父亲守在艾伦的床边。
Nellie Wilson Every time Dr. Grayson came from mother's room, we searched his face for some sign of encouragement, but we did not find it.
Nellie Wilson Every time Dr. Grayson came from mother's room, we searched his face for some sign of encouragement, but we did not find it.
It was like a terrible nightmare: Europe in flames, and all hope fading from our own hearts.
这就像一场可怕的噩梦：欧洲陷入火海，我们心中的所有希望都在消失。
Narrator Throughout their thirty years of marriage, Woodrow and Ellen had never stopped writing each other love letters.
旁白 在伍德罗和艾伦三十年的婚姻中，他们从未停止过给对方写情书。
Ellen Wilson My life has been the most remarkable life history that I ever even read about-and to think I have lived it with you!
埃伦·威尔逊 我的一生是我读过的最非凡的人生史——而且我想我和你一起经历了这一切！
I love you, my dear, in every way you could wish to be loved.
我爱你，亲爱的，以你希望被爱的一切方式。
Deeply, tenderly, devotedly, passionately.
深深地、温柔地、虔诚地、热情地。
Woodrow Wilson It is very wonderful how you have loved me.
伍德罗·威尔逊 你如此爱我真是太棒了。
I have gone my way after a fashion that made me the center of the plan.
我遵循一种让我成为计划中心的方式走自己的路。
And you, who are so independent in spirit and in judgment, whose soul is also a kingdom, have been so loyal, so forgiving.
And you, who are so independent in spirit and in judgment, whose soul is also a kingdom, have been so loyal, so forgiving.
Nothing but love could have accomplished so wonderful a thing.
Nothing but love could have accomplished so wonderful a thing.
Narrator On August 6, with her husband at her side, Ellen Axson Wilson died.
旁白 8 月 6 日，艾伦·艾克斯森·威尔逊 (Ellen Axson Wilson) 去世，她的丈夫在她身边。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Wilson was absolutely devastated by Ellen's death.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀·威尔逊对艾伦的死感到非常震惊。
They had been married for almost thirty years.
他们结婚已经快三十年了。
They had seldom been apart.
他们很少分开。
She had been his closest companion, she had been his greatest emotional support.
She had been his closest companion, she had been his greatest emotional support.
And now suddenly she was taken away, and she was taken away, at, in some ways, the worst possible moment.
And now suddenly she was taken away, and she was taken away, at, in some ways, the worst possible moment.
He's got to deal both with the breakdown of the world on the one hand, and he's got to deal with this breakdown in his personal life.
他一方面必须应对世界的崩溃，另一方面他也必须应对个人生活的崩溃。
Narrator In the days after his wife's death, the President began to exhibit the symptoms of severe depression, including confused thinking and memory loss.
旁白 在妻子去世后的几天里，总统开始表现出严重抑郁的症状，包括思维混乱和记忆丧失。
To an aide Wilson said that he was no longer fit to be President because he could no longer think straight.
威尔逊对助手说，他不再适合担任总统，因为他不再能够正常思考。
And yet clear thinking had never been more important.
然而，清晰的思维从未如此重要。
Germany had just shocked the world by invading neutral Belgium, drawing Britain into the war, and making it far more likely that America, too, would be sucked in.
德国刚刚入侵中立的比利时，将英国拖入战争，让美国也更有可能被卷入战争，震惊了世界。
As he wandered alone through the White House, the President was heard by his staff to mutter one phrase, again and again.
当总统独自在白宫漫步时，他的工作人员听到总统一遍又一遍地咕哝着一句话。
Woodrow Wilson My God, what am I to do?
伍德罗·威尔逊 我的上帝，我该怎么办？
Narrator: In 1915, the Great Powers of Europe were engaged in the most brutal war mankind had ever fought.
Narrator: In 1915, the Great Powers of Europe were engaged in the most brutal war mankind had ever fought.
After just six months of fighting, more than a million young men had been killed.
经过短短六个月的战斗，超过一百万年轻人被杀。
President Woodrow Wilson was trying to keep America out of the cataclysm - but he was crippled by a crisis in his personal life.
President Woodrow Wilson was trying to keep America out of the cataclysm - but he was crippled by a crisis in his personal life.
His wife Ellen had died just as the war began.
战争开始时，他的妻子艾伦去世了。
Wilson, who had always relied on a strong woman for support, was utterly bereft.
Wilson, who had always relied on a strong woman for support, was utterly bereft.
Historian: Thomas Knock Not long after Ellen died, the week that the war broke out, he made a comment that he wished somebody might shoot him.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克 (Thomas Knock) 艾伦去世后不久，也就是战争爆发的那一周，他发表评论说，他希望有人能射杀他。
He was that miserable over the loss of Ellen, he was terribly lonely.
失去艾伦让他非常痛苦，他非常孤独。
Narrator Wilson's deep need for female companionship stood in stark contrast to his cold and aloof public image.
Narrator Wilson's deep need for female companionship stood in stark contrast to his cold and aloof public image.
Historian: Louis Auchincloss He was a deeply passionate man.
历史学家：路易斯·奥金克洛斯（Louis Auchincloss） 他是一个充满热情的人。
He was passionate in his relationship with women.
他对与女性的关系充满热情。
He was passionate in his relationship with his God.
He was passionate in his relationship with his God.
All that came from a kind of much repressed but inward highly burning fire.
这一切都来自一种被压抑但内心高度燃烧的火焰。
Narrator Wilson's intense drive had seen him through the worst trial of his life.
叙述者威尔逊的强烈动力帮助他度过了一生中最艰难的考验。
While President of Princeton, the blood vessels in one eye had burst.
While President of Princeton, the blood vessels in one eye had burst.
Fearing that his high blood pressure might kill him, doctors urged him to retire.
由于担心高血压会导致他死亡，医生敦促他退休。
But Wilson ignored them.
但威尔逊忽略了他们。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park Here is a man who's relatively young who already has an advanced disease.
Historian: Dr. Bert Park Here is a man who's relatively young who already has an advanced disease.
The fact of the matter is the piper was going to have to be paid at some point.
事实上，吹笛者在某个时候必须得到报酬。
He was living on borrowed time.
他靠借来的时间生活。
Narrator Wilson had defied the odds to become President of the United States, by promising to give all Americans a chance to share in the wealth created by the new industrial age.
叙述者威尔逊排除万难成为美国总统，承诺让所有美国人有机会分享新工业时代创造的财富。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy The first two years of Wilson's first term are one of the most remarkable moments in modern American politics.
Kennedy The first two years of Wilson's first term are one of the most remarkable moments in modern American politics.
There's more reform agenda accomplished in that brief moment than in virtually any other two year period in the 20th century.
在那短暂的时刻完成的改革议程几乎比 20 世纪任何其他两年时期都要多。
Narrator Now Europe was exploding in flames.
旁白 现在欧洲正在熊熊大火中爆炸。
Haunted by his childhood experience of the horrors of the Civil War, Wilson became obsessed with creating a new world order.
威尔逊童年时期内战的恐怖经历一直困扰着他，他开始痴迷于建立一个新的世界秩序。
Historian: Jay Winter No one else had tried to fundamentally recast the international order in a way that would make war impossible.
历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter） 没有人试图以一种使战争不可能发生的方式从根本上重塑国际秩序。
His was to be a revolutionary peace, one that would transform the world.
His was to be a revolutionary peace, one that would transform the world.
You can't imagine a higher goal than that.
你无法想象比这更高的目标。
Narrator But Wilson's pursuit of his dream would almost kill him.
旁白 但威尔逊对梦想的追求几乎要了他的命。
One afternoon in early 1915, as President Woodrow Wilson approached the elevator in the White House, its doors opened to reveal a striking woman in walking clothes and muddy boots.
1915 年初的一个下午，当伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 总统走近白宫的电梯时，电梯门打开了，一位身穿运动服、脚踩沾满泥水的靴子的引人注目的女人出现了。
The fifty-nine year old President wasted no time getting acquainted with Edith Bolling Galt, a 42-year-old widow.
这位五十九岁的总统立即结识了 42 岁的寡妇伊迪丝·博林·高尔特。
Historian: John Milton Cooper She was a friend of a female relative of Wilson's who was living at the White House.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 她是威尔逊住在白宫的一位女性亲戚的朋友。
They'd just happened to wander in when Wilson came back from a golf game, and this chance meeting and he was absolutely dazzled, just plain dazzled.
当威尔逊打完高尔夫球回来时，他们正好闲逛，这次偶然的相遇让他彻底眼花缭乱，简直是眼花缭乱。
Narrator Edith Bolling Galt was a woman ahead of her time - confident and independent.
叙述者伊迪丝·博林·高尔特 (Edith Bolling Galt) 是一位走在时代前沿的女性——自信而独立。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli She was a wealthy widow, you know her husband been dead a few years.
历史学家：Betty Boyd Caroli 她是一位富有的寡妇，你知道她的丈夫已经去世几年了。
She wore clothes from Paris.
她穿着巴黎的衣服。
She drove her own little electric car around Washington.
她驾驶着自己的小型电动汽车在华盛顿各地行驶。
After the first dinner Edith has at the White House with Woodrow, she writes to a friend, saying, you know, I dined tonight with the President.
伊迪丝在白宫与伍德罗共进第一顿晚餐后，她写信给一位朋友说，你知道，我今晚与总统共进晚餐。
You don't get the sense of a woman whose been swept off her feet.
你无法体会到一个女人被迷倒的感觉。
Narrator Most Americans believed it was inappropriate for any man, and especially the President, to be dating so soon after his wife's death.
旁白 大多数美国人认为，任何男人，尤其是总统，在妻子去世后这么快就约会都是不合适的。
Wilson had to do his courting in secret.
威尔逊不得不秘密求爱。
Day after day, the President's chauffeur-driven Pierce Arrow rolled at 20 miles an hour through the Virginia countryside.
日复一日，总统驾驶的皮尔斯·阿罗号以每小时 20 英里的速度驶过弗吉尼亚乡村。
Woodrow Wilson You are so vivid; you are so beautiful!
伍德罗·威尔逊 你是如此生动；你真美！
I have learned what you are and my heart is wholly enthralled.
我已经了解了你的本质，我的心完全被迷住了。
Historian: Thomas Knock Woodrow Wilson was a very vital, passionate man.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克·伍德罗·威尔逊是一个非常有活力、充满激情的人。
They'd go for long drives along the Potomac, and they'd sit in the backseat, and they would talk, and they would hug each other and kiss.
他们沿着波托马克河长途驾车，坐在后座上聊天，互相拥抱、亲吻。
Historian: John Milton Cooper In a way, what woman wouldn't be flattered by attracting the President?
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 从某种程度上来说，哪个女人不会因吸引总统而感到受宠若惊呢？
Here is the most important man in the country.
这是这个国家最重要的人。
He's bright, he's witty, he's warm.
他很聪明，他很机智，他很温暖。
And he's President.
他是总统。
Narrator Wilson's long drives with Edith terrified his advisors, who feared that the relationship would be discovered and Wilson's re-election put at risk.
叙述者威尔逊与伊迪丝的长途驾车让他的顾问们感到害怕，他们担心这种关系会被发现，威尔逊的连任将面临风险。
Their fears were realized when a rumor raced through Washington that the President of the United States had been seen necking with a woman in his car.
当有人看到美国总统在车里与一名女子发生亲密关系的谣言在华盛顿传开时，他们的担忧变成了现实。
Then, The Washington Post society columnist revealed that "the President has been 'entertaining' Edith Bolling Galt regularly." But due to a misprint, the article stated "the President has been "entering" Edith Bolling Galt regularly." The entire edition of the paper had to be recalled.
随后，《华盛顿邮报》社会专栏作家透露，“总统一直在定期‘招待’伊迪丝·博林·高尔特。”但由于印刷错误，文章称“总统经常‘进入’伊迪丝·博林·高尔特”。该论文的整个版本都必须被召回。
With gossip spreading across the country, Wilson was desperate to make the relationship respectable.
随着流言蜚语在全国蔓延，威尔逊迫切希望让这种关系变得受人尊重。
Only three months after meeting Edith, he asked her to marry him.
认识伊迪丝仅三个月后，他就向她求婚。
But Edith was shocked at the proposal - and turned him down.
但伊迪丝对这个提议感到震惊并拒绝了他。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli It wasn't considered proper to marry so soon.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 这么快结婚被认为是不合适的。
So I think part of that was Edith's feeling.
所以我认为部分原因是伊迪丝的感受。
And part was just what woman would change her life so completely in five weeks.
其中一部分正是女人在五周内彻底改变她生活的原因。
Remember, she was used to going to Europe when she wanted, she had plenty of money, she, she had the best of Washington society, and she could travel wherever she wanted.
记住，她习惯了想去欧洲就去，她有很多钱，她，她有华盛顿最好的社会，她可以去任何她想去的地方。
She wasn't too taken with the idea of living in the White House.
她对住在白宫的想法不太感兴趣。
Narrator For the moment, Woodrow Wilson would have to cope with life as a single man.
旁白 目前，伍德罗·威尔逊必须独自应对生活。
In August 1914, it took only one day to show the world how horrific the European war would be.
1914年8月，只用了一天的时间，就向世人展示了欧洲战争将有多么可怕。
Wearing nineteenth century uniforms of bright red trousers and blue coats, French troops marched in formation across open ground toward the invading German Army.
身穿十九世纪制服的鲜红色裤子和蓝色外套，法国军队列队穿过开阔的土地，向入侵的德国军队行进。
Machine guns mowed them down.
机关枪把他们射倒了。
27,000 French soldiers were killed.
27,000名法国士兵阵亡。
Woodrow Wilson wanted to avoid the conflict at all costs.
伍德罗·威尔逊希望不惜一切代价避免冲突。
Historian: John Milton Cooper He believed that if the United States could stay out, that we could be the great reconciler, the great mediator.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 他相信，如果美国能够置身事外，我们就能成为伟大的和解者、伟大的调解者。
And in order to do that, we can't get involved in something like this horrible war.
为了做到这一点，我们不能卷入这场可怕的战争。
It's destructive, it's the antithesis of civilization, and what's more, he deeply suspected the motives of all the belligerents in there.
它具有破坏性，是文明的对立面，更重要的是，他深深怀疑那里所有交战者的动机。
Narrator Wilson also knew that America's vast immigrant population had divided interests in the war.
叙述者威尔逊也知道美国庞大的移民人口在战争中存在利益分歧。
He feared that if the U.S. joined the fight, it might split the country.
他担心如果美国加入战斗，可能会导致国家分裂。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy We have to remember that the moment Wilson assumes the Presidency is the moment when there were more immigrants relative to the general population than in any other moment in American history, including our own.
肯尼迪：我们必须记住，威尔逊就任总统的那一刻，移民相对于总人口的比例比美国历史上任何其他时刻（包括我们自己的时刻）都要多。
And many of those immigrants came from the countries of the Austrian/Hungarian Empire and from Germany, and it was anybody's guess where their loyalties might lie.
其中许多移民来自奥地利/匈牙利帝国和德国，任何人都猜测他们的忠诚度在哪里。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson wanted no part of that because he saw that it was potentially the case that a European war would tear the fragile, very delicate web of American unity right apart.
历史学家：杰伊·温特·威尔逊（Jay Winter Wilson）不想参与其中，因为他看到欧洲战争有可能会撕裂美国脆弱、非常微妙的团结网。
Narrator But while America and its President were effectively avoiding the war, there were powerful forces threatening to drag them in.
旁白 但是，尽管美国及其总统有效地避免了战争，但仍有强大的力量威胁要将他们拖入战争。
Historian: Walter LaFeber By 1915, he found that the American economy doesn't work in a neutral way.
历史学家：沃尔特·拉费伯 (Walter LaFeber) 到 1915 年，他发现美国经济并不是以中立的方式运行。
That in order for the American economy to work they had to sell goods to the belligerents - the people who were fighting in Europe.
为了让美国经济运转，他们必须向交战方——在欧洲作战的人们——出售商品。
And it just so happened, that most American banking ties were with the British and the French, and as a result, Wilson finds himself by 1915, he is essentially locked in on the British French side.
碰巧的是，大多数美国银行业都与英国和法国有联系，因此，到 1915 年，威尔逊发现自己基本上被锁定在英法一边。
Narrator On a sunny afternoon in May of 1915, the British luxury liner Lusitania was nearing the end of its voyage from New York to England.
旁白 1915 年 5 月一个阳光明媚的下午，英国豪华客轮卢西塔尼亚号从纽约到英国的航程即将结束。
A German submarine sighted the vessel.
一艘德国潜艇发现了这艘船。
It fired one torpedo.
它发射了一枚鱼雷。
The great ship exploded and sank in twenty-two minutes.
这艘大船在二十二分钟内爆炸并沉没。
Historian: Thomas Knock The sinking of the Lusitania shocked Americans, because it seemed like an act of almost wanton murder on the high seas.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克 卢西塔尼亚号的沉没震惊了美国人，因为这看起来像是公海上的一场近乎肆意的谋杀行为。
This was not a military ship or even a merchant ship.
这不是军舰，甚至不是商船。
It was a passenger liner with men, women, and children, non-combatants, and among them, of course, a hundred and twenty-eight Americans that went down among the, the twelve hundred who died.
这是一艘载有男人、女人、儿童和非战斗人员的客轮，其中当然有一百二十八名美国人，他们与一千二百名遇难者一起沉没。
Narrator Germany's aggression on the high seas stoked nationalist cries for America to enter the war.
旁白 德国对公海的侵略激起了民族主义者要求美国参战的呼声。
Wilson's bitter rival, former President Theodore Roosevelt, was eager for the United States to wield a "big stick" on the world stage.
威尔逊的死对头、前总统西奥多·罗斯福渴望美国在世界舞台上挥舞“大棒”。
When Wilson failed to retaliate against the Germans, TR called the President a "prime-jackass" and threatened to "skin him alive if he doesn't go to war." Republican Congressmen, led by Henry Cabot Lodge were also furious with the President.
当威尔逊未能对德国人进行报复时，TR 称总统为“头号蠢货”，并威胁“如果他不参战，就要活剥他的皮”。以亨利·卡伯特·洛奇为首的共和党国会议员也对总统感到愤怒。
"Wilson is afraid," Senator Lodge declared.
“威尔逊很害怕，”洛奇参议员宣称。
"He flinches in the presence of danger, physical and moral." Wilson's true feelings about the conflict were reflected in a newly erected Civil War monument that the President passed each time he journeyed to the capitol.
“他在身体和精神上的危险面前都会退缩。”威尔逊对这场冲突的真实感受反映在一座新竖立的内战纪念碑上，总统每次前往国会大厦都会经过这座纪念碑。
Woodrow Wilson I come from the South and I know what war is, for I have seen its terrible wreckage and ruin.
伍德罗·威尔逊 我来自南方，我知道什么是战争，因为我亲眼目睹了战争的可怕残骸和废墟。
It is easy for me as President to declare war.
作为总统，我很容易宣战。
I do not have to fight, and neither do the gentlemen on the Hill who now clamor for it.
我不必战斗，现在呼吁战斗的山上先生们也不必战斗。
It is some poor farmer's boy, or the son of some poor widow - who will have to do the fighting and dying.
这是一些贫穷农夫的男孩，或者一些贫穷寡妇的儿子——他们将不得不参加战斗和死亡。
Narrator In the spring of 1915, Woodrow Wilson still had his eyes on Edith Bolling Galt.
旁白 1915 年春天，伍德罗·威尔逊仍然关注着伊迪丝·博林·高尔特。
Though she had not agreed to marry him, she was willing to continue seeing him.
虽然她没有同意嫁给他，但她愿意继续见到他。
And when the war kept Wilson closeted with his advisors at the White House, she sent him letters by secret courier.
当战争使威尔逊与他在白宫的顾问们闭门不出时，她通过秘密信使给他寄了信。
Edith Bolling Galt My precious weary pilot, I will kiss the tired eyes that have strained so to see the right course through the blackness ahead, and try to shut out the tumult that is raging around you on every side by whispering in your listening ears: "I love you, my precious Woodrow." Historian: John Milton Cooper There's an old saying, that power is the greatest aphrodisiac.
伊迪丝·博林·高尔特 我亲爱的疲惫的飞行员，我会亲吻那双疲倦的眼睛，为了在前方的黑暗中看到正确的航向，我会亲吻那双疲倦的眼睛，并在你倾听的耳边低声说：“我爱你，我亲爱的伍德罗。”历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 有句老话说，权力是最好的春药。
Wilson certainly used the Presidency as a way of wooing the Widow Galt.
威尔逊当然利用总统职位来吸引高尔特寡妇。
He shared his thoughts with her.
他与她分享了他的想法。
He shared secrets of state with her.
他与她分享国家机密。
He would show her the documents about the Lusitania, about the submarine.
他会给她看有关卢西塔尼亚号和潜艇的文件。
He used the Presidency as a way of winning this woman.
他利用总统职位来赢得这位女士。
Narrator By fall, Wilson was on the verge of popping the question again.
旁白 到了秋天，威尔逊即将再次提出这个问题。
Suddenly, their love was put in jeopardy by the President's relationship with another woman.
突然，他们的爱情因总统与另一个女人的关系而陷入危险。
Nine years earlier, on the island of Bermuda, Wilson had had an affair with a socialite named Mary Peck.
九年前，在百慕大岛上，威尔逊与一位名叫玛丽·佩克的社交名流有染。
Now, as the Presidential election approached, Wilson learned that the Republicans were planning to make his infidelity an issue in the campaign.
现在，随着总统选举的临近，威尔逊得知共和党人正计划将他的不忠作为竞选中的一个问题。
Woodrow decided he had no choice but to tell Edith about his affair with Peck, and warn her that she might now be caught up in a major scandal.
伍德罗决定他别无选择，只能告诉伊迪丝他与佩克的风流韵事，并警告她现在可能会陷入重大丑闻。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli When Woodrow confessed to Edith that he had this relationship with Mary Peck, she really had second thoughts, as I think any woman would.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 当伍德罗向伊迪丝承认他与玛丽·佩克有这种关系时，她真的重新考虑了，我想任何女人都会这样。
And she gave, I guess she must've begun thinking how many other people knew about this, what kind of scandal might be involved, how many other women there might be.
她说，我想她一定已经开始思考还有多少人知道这件事，可能涉及什么样的丑闻，可能还有多少其他女性。
She really began to take another look at this man, because this was a side of him that she did not know.
她真的开始重新审视这个男人，因为这是他不为人知的一面。
Narrator On September 22nd, Edith retreated to her home to decide on the future of their relationship.
旁白 9月22日，伊迪丝回到家中决定他们关系的未来。
As she deliberated, a letter from Woodrow arrived, begging her forgiveness.
正当她深思熟虑时，伍德罗寄来一封信，请求她的原谅。
Woodrow Wilson I know I have no rights, but I also know that it would break my heart and my life if I could not call you my darling.
伍德罗·威尔逊 我知道我没有权利，但我也知道，如果我不能称你为亲爱的，我的心和我的生活都会破碎。
Narrator Finally, Edith made her reply.
旁白 最后，伊迪丝做出了回应。
Edith Bolling Galt Dearest, I am not afraid of any gossip or threat with your love as my shield...
伊迪丝·博林·高尔特 最亲爱的，有你的爱作为我的盾牌，我不害怕任何流言蜚语或威胁......
I now see straight into the heart of things and am ready to follow the road where love leads.
我现在看清了事物的本质，并准备好沿着爱所引导的道路前进。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Well at the end of a long night's thinking, Edith comes around and decides that she really does want to marry Woodrow.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 经过一夜的沉思，伊迪丝回过神来，决定她真的想嫁给伍德罗。
And I think, frankly, historians are divided about how much of it was really great love, and how much of it was the attraction of the power of the White House.
坦率地说，我认为历史学家对于其中有多少是真正伟大的爱，有多少是白宫权力的吸引力存在分歧。
Narrator On the 9th of October 1915, the couple made their first public appearance together at the World Series in Philadelphia.
旁白 1915 年 10 月 9 日，这对夫妇在费城举行的世界职业棒球大赛上首次一起公开露面。
Two months later, as a marine band played the wedding march, the couple was married in a small ceremony in Edith's home.
两个月后，随着海军陆战队乐队演奏婚礼进行曲，这对夫妇在伊迪丝家中举行了小型婚礼。
Though there were still public murmurs of disapproval, Wilson's three daughters welcomed Edith into the family, firm in their belief that their mother Ellen would have approved.
尽管公众仍然有反对的声音，威尔逊的三个女儿欢迎伊迪丝加入家庭，坚信她们的母亲艾伦会批准的。
With her marriage to one of the most powerful men in the world, Edith Wilson knew she was embarking on a remarkable journey.
与世界上最有权势的男人之一结婚后，伊迪丝·威尔逊知道她正在踏上一段非凡的旅程。
"You will lay your hand in mine," she wrote, "and with the other turn the pages of history." In 1916, while struggling to keep the nation neutral, Wilson had to campaign for reelection.
“你将把手放在我的手上，”她写道，“然后用另一只手翻开历史的一页。” 1916 年，威尔逊在努力保持国家中立的同时，还必须竞选连任。
His Republican opponent was Charles Evans Hughes, a former Governor of New York and Supreme Court Justice.
他的共和党对手是前纽约州州长、最高法院法官查尔斯·埃文斯·休斯。
In private, Theodore Roosevelt called Hughes a "bearded iceberg." But TR's deep-seated hatred for Woodrow Wilson drove him onto the campaign trail, where he extolled Hughes, and attacked the President.
西奥多·罗斯福私下里称休斯为“长胡子的冰山”。但TR对伍德罗·威尔逊根深蒂固的仇恨驱使他走上了竞选之路，他在竞选中赞扬了休斯，并攻击了总统。
"No one displays more despicable baseness than Wilson," Roosevelt declared, "who is without a touch of the heroic in his cold, selfish and timid soul." Historian: Thomas Knock Wilson was acutely aware of the way other people perceived him, the public at large, that he was a, "a human thinking machine" that ice water ran through his veins, and, that bothered him a bit.
罗斯福宣称：“没有人比威尔逊表现得更卑鄙卑鄙，他冷酷、自私和胆怯的灵魂中没有一点英雄气概。”历史学家：托马斯·诺克·威尔逊（Thomas Knock Wilson）敏锐地意识到其他人（广大公众）对他的看法，他是一台“人类思维机器”，他的血管里流淌着冰水，这让他有点困扰。
Every now and then when he'd be out on the "hustings" and give a speech, and he got fired up, and somebody from the audience would yell, "You tell them, Woody." He loved it.
时不时地，当他参加“竞选”并发表演讲时，他会被激怒，观众中有人会大喊：“你告诉他们，伍迪。”他喜欢它。
Narrator The President reached out to a wide range of progressives: From laborers and farmers to ethnic minorities and women suffragists who already had the vote in the west.
旁白 总统向广泛的进步人士伸出援手：从工人和农民到少数民族和已经在西方拥有投票权的女权主义者。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brow n Social Justice Progressives, by 1916, came to feel that Woodrow Wilson was somebody that they could work with.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗 (Victoria Bissell Brown) 到 1916 年，社会正义进步人士开始觉得伍德罗·威尔逊是他们可以合作的人。
He was not yet their perfect candidate, but they also perceived him as the candidate who was the most likely to keep the country out of war.
他还不是他们的完美候选人，但他们也认为他是最有可能使国家远离战争的候选人。
Narrator Edith relished campaigning in a way Wilson's first wife never had.
叙述者伊迪丝以威尔逊第一任妻子从未有过的方式享受竞选活动。
But she also became an issue in an increasingly dirty campaign.
但她也成为了一场日益肮脏的竞选活动中的一个问题。
Republican women held so-called "Indignation Meetings" to protest Wilson's pursuit of Edith so soon after the death of his first wife.
共和党妇女举行所谓的“愤慨会议”，抗议威尔逊在第一任妻子去世后不久就追求伊迪丝。
And bawdy jokes about Edith began to circulate.
关于伊迪丝的下流笑话开始流传。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli One joke that did evidently persist, the question was, "What did Mrs. Galt do when the President of the United States proposed to her?" And the answer was, she fell out of bed.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡罗利 有一个笑话显然一直流传至今，问题是：“当美国总统向高尔特夫人求婚时，她做了什么？”答案是，她从床上掉了下来。
Which in 1915 would've been extremely risqué, I guess it would be risqué even today, but 1915, that was pretty risqué a story to pass around about the President.
这在 1915 年是非常有伤风化的，我想即使在今天也是有伤风化的，但在 1915 年，这是一个关于总统的非常有伤风化的故事。
Narrator Wilson believed that the tense international situation called for a Chief Executive who had the full support of the American people.
旁白威尔逊认为，紧张的国际局势需要一位得到美国人民全力支持的行政长官。
He decided that if he lost the election, he and his Vice President would immediately resign.
他决定，如果他落选，他和他的副总统将立即辞职。
Vice President Thomas Marshall was not told of the plan.
副总统托马斯·马歇尔没有被告知该计划。
The early returns showed Hughes winning most of the eastern states.
早期的回报显示休斯赢得了东部大部分州的胜利。
That night, Wilson went to bed thinking he had lost.
那天晚上，威尔逊上床睡觉时以为自己输了。
The next morning, he and Edith awoke to more bad news.
第二天早上，他和伊迪丝醒来时听到了更多坏消息。
On such difficult occasions, Wilson drew support from his Presbyterian faith, and he was prepared to accept the loss as God's will.
在如此困难的时刻，威尔逊从他的长老会信仰中得到了支持，他准备接受上帝的旨意。
"The news did not seem in the least to disturb him," Edith recalled.
“这个消息似乎丝毫没有让他感到不安，”伊迪丝回忆道。
Then, as polling results trickled in from the western states, the tide turned.
然后，随着西部各州的民意调查结果逐渐出来，形势发生了转变。
By only a few thousand votes, Wilson managed to win the crucial state of California, and the election.
威尔逊仅以几千票的优势赢得了至关重要的加利福尼亚州和选举。
On the afternoon of January 31st, 1917, the president received a diplomatic communiqué: the German Government had declared all-out submarine warfare against American ships in the Atlantic.
1917年1月31日下午，总统收到外交公报：德国政府宣布对大西洋上的美国舰艇发动全面潜艇战。
Then, a telegram was intercepted that revealed Germany was trying to persuade Mexico to declare war against the US by offering the states of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico as potential war prizes.
随后，一封电报被截获，显示德国正试图通过提供德克萨斯州、亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州作为潜在的战利品来说服墨西哥对美国宣战。
Historian: Thomas Knock The fact that Germany is sinking American ships, that it's plotting with Mexico to bring on the war with the United States, causes Wilson to lose all faith in the good intentions of the German government.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克 德国正在击沉美国船只，并与墨西哥密谋与美国开战，这一事实使威尔逊对德国政府的善意失去了所有信心。
Narrator Wilson called for an extraordinary session of Congress to receive "a communication concerning grave matters of national policy." After days of agonizing, he had decided to declare war.
旁白威尔逊呼吁国会召开特别会议，以接收“有关国家政策重大问题的通讯”。经过几天的痛苦，他决定宣战。
Now he faced the monumental task of telling Americans why, after three years of advocating neutrality, he had changed his mind.
现在他面临着一项艰巨的任务，那就是告诉美国人为什么在倡导中立三年后他改变了主意。
He had to explain what was at stake that was worth fighting and dying for.
他必须解释什么是值得为之奋斗和牺牲的利害攸关的事情。
On April 2nd, Wilson stood before a joint session of Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Germany.
4月2日，威尔逊在国会联席会议上要求对德国宣战。
Woodrow Wilson It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars.
伍德罗·威尔逊 带领这个伟大的爱好和平的人民卷入战争，卷入所有战争中最可怕和灾难性的战争，是一件可怕的事情。
But the right is more precious than peace and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples.
但权利比和平更宝贵，我们将为我们一直珍藏在心的事物而战，为世界的最终和平和各国人民的解放而战。
The world must be made safe for democracy.
必须让世界变得安全以实现民主。
Historian: John Milton Cooper It's the greatest Presidential speech, I think, since Lincoln's second inaugural address.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 我认为这是自林肯第二次就职演说以来最伟大的总统演讲。
Wilson believed that the United States was a very special nation - that we were really conceived in liberty, and that we had a mission in the world to try to make it a better place.
威尔逊相信美国是一个非常特殊的国家——我们确实是在自由中孕育的，我们的使命是努力让世界变得更美好。
To try to make it more peaceful, more just, more democratic.
努力使其更加和平、更加公正、更加民主。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy He's often accused there being hopelessly romantic and idealistic.
肯尼迪 他经常被指责为不可救药的浪漫主义和理想主义。
I would, I would argue all to the contrary that Wilson, number one, had no real alternative but to cast the war on this plane of idealism because none of his country's vital interests were really at stake.
我会，我会反驳说，威尔逊，第一，别无选择，只能将战争置于理想主义的层面上，因为他的国家的切身利益都没有真正受到威胁。
So he had somehow to convince the public that something was at stake here and what was at stake was the nature of the democratic experiment itself, worldwide.
因此，他必须以某种方式让公众相信，这里有一些事情处于危险之中，而危险的是世界范围内民主实验本身的性质。
Narrator The address was met with wild applause, and Wilson's justification for going to war was greeted with enthusiasm.
旁白 威尔逊的讲话赢得了热烈的掌声，威尔逊对战争的辩解也受到了热烈的欢迎。
"The old isolation is finished," The New York World declared, "we are no longer aloof from the rest of the world .
《纽约世界报》宣称：“旧的孤立状态已经结束，我们不再与世界其他地方隔绝。”
.
。
.
。
whatever happens now concerns us, and from none of it can be withheld the force of our influence." When he was struggling keep the country neutral, Wilson had lamented the suspension of civil liberties during the Civil War.
现在发生的任何事情都与我们有关，任何事情都无法阻止我们的影响力。”当威尔逊努力保持国家中立时，他对内战期间公民自由的暂停感到遗憾。
"War means autocracy," he had warned.
“战争意味着独裁，”他警告说。
"To fight you must be brutal and ruthless." Now, America was at war once more and Wilson declared, "Woe to the man who seeks to stand in our way." Historian: David M.
“要与你战斗，就必须残酷无情。”现在，美国再次陷入战争，威尔逊宣称：“那些试图阻碍我们的人有祸了。”历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Wilson's fears about the disloyalty of many elements of American society, particularly recent immigrants, all came rather nastily to the floor, almost immediately after the declaration of war.
肯尼迪·威尔逊对美国社会许多成员，特别是新移民的不忠诚的担忧，几乎在宣战后立即就变得相当令人厌恶。
And he allows his attorney general to undertake some very aggressive prosecutions of the ethnic and immigrant press, to search out and suppress any dissident views about the, the waging of the war.
他还允许他的司法部长对种族和移民媒体进行一些非常积极的起诉，以搜寻和压制任何关于发动战争的不同意见。
It's not a lovely chapter in the history of American civil liberties.
这不是美国公民自由史上的美好篇章。
Narrator The Wilson Administration began urging American citizens to act as vigilantes and report anyone "who spreads pessimistic stories, cries for peace, or belittles our effort to win the war." From concert halls to schools, Beethoven and Brahms, along with all works of German literature, were banned.
威尔逊政府开始敦促美国公民充当义务警员，举报任何“散布悲观故事、呼吁和平或贬低我们赢得战争努力的人”。从音乐厅到学校，贝多芬和勃拉姆斯以及所有德国文学作品都被禁止。
In Chicago, schoolchildren were enlisted to publicize the decree.
在芝加哥，小学生被招募来宣传该法令。
In addition, thousands of Americans were arrested for opposing the war on moral and ethical grounds.
此外，数千名美国人因基于道德和伦理理由反对战争而被捕。
One of them was Eugene Debs, four-time Socialist candidate for President.
其中之一是四次社会党总统候选人尤金·德布斯。
After Debs made a speech against the war, he was sentenced to ten years in prison.
德布斯发表反战演讲后，被判处十年监禁。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brown The Wilson Administration supported and passed an Espionage Act and later a Sedition Act, both of which limited free speech in this country.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗 威尔逊政府支持并通过了《间谍法》和后来的《煽动叛乱法》，这两项法案都限制了这个国家的言论自由。
Under the provisions of that act, the Wilson Administration could arrest anyone that spoke out against the war, anyone who spoke out against Wilson's policies, anyone who spoke out against conscription.
根据该法案的规定，威尔逊政府可以逮捕任何公开反对战争的人、任何公开反对威尔逊政策的人、任何公开反对征兵的人。
Narrator On September 30th, 1917, in an event staged for newsreel cameras, President Wilson presided over the first draft since the Civil War.
旁白 1917 年 9 月 30 日，在一场为新闻纪录片拍摄的活动中，威尔逊总统主持了自内战以来的第一份草案。
With hundreds of thousands of young men destined for the killing fields of Europe, Wilson and his advisors were deeply worried about how the country would react.
随着数十万年轻人被送往欧洲的杀戮场，威尔逊和他的顾问们非常担心这个国家将如何反应。
They launched the Committee for Public Information, a propaganda agency charged with whipping up support for the war.
他们成立了公共信息委员会，这是一个负责争取对战争支持的宣传机构。
Hollywood stars like Charlie Chaplin were enlisted in the effort.
查理·卓别林等好莱坞明星都参与了这项工作。
Edith Wilson did her part.
伊迪丝·威尔逊尽了自己的一份力量。
Like millions of other Americans, she signed a pledge to conserve food for the war effort, and displayed the familiar pledge card in the window of the White House.
和数百万其他美国人一样，她签署了为战争节约粮食的承诺，并在白宫的窗户上展示了这张熟悉的承诺卡。
Edith also joined the Red Cross, and passed out cigarettes and chewing gum to thousands of soldiers at Washington's Union Station.
伊迪丝还加入了红十字会，并在华盛顿联合车站向数千名士兵分发香烟和口香糖。
To publicize a Red Cross effort to increase wool production, Edith opened the White House lawn to dozens of grazing sheep.
为了宣传红十字会增加羊毛产量的努力，伊迪丝向数十只羊开放了白宫草坪。
Most of the country was soon firmly behind their President and the war.
该国大部分地区很快就坚定支持他们的总统和战争。
In late 1917, the first American troops arrived in Europe.
1917年底，第一批美国军队抵达欧洲。
After two months of training, they were thrown into battle.
经过两个月的训练，他们投入战斗。
But there were far too few of them to turn the tide.
但他们的人数太少，无法扭转局势。
The stalemate with Germany dragged on, and now Americans, too, were dying.
与德国的僵局一直持续着，现在美国人也快死了。
One of the casualties was a member of a family that Woodrow Wilson knew well: Theodore Roosevelt's son, Quentin, was a pilot whose plane had crashed behind German lines.
其中一名伤亡者是伍德罗·威尔逊熟悉的一个家庭的成员：西奥多·罗斯福的儿子昆汀是一名飞行员，他的飞机在德国战线后方坠毁。
Wilson had the grim responsibility of notifying his old rival by telegram that his youngest son was dead.
威尔逊肩负着严峻的责任，他要通过电报通知他的老对手，他的小儿子已经去世。
The President was haunted by the mounting casualties.
不断增加的伤亡人数让总统心神不宁。
In his lifetime, the rifles and cannons of the Civil War had become the machine guns, tanks and airplanes of the world war.
在他的一生中，南北战争的步枪和大炮变成了世界大战的机枪、坦克和飞机。
He became convinced that there was only one hope for the human race: to make this the last war.
他开始相信人类只有一个希望：让这成为最后一场战争。
Woodrow Wilson There are times when words seem empty and only actions seem great.
伍德罗·威尔逊（Woodrow Wilson） 有时，言语看起来很空洞，只有行动才显得伟大。
Such a time has come.
这样的时刻已经到来。
Narrator The President sent for his closest advisor, Colonel Edward House.
旁白 总统派人去找他最亲密的顾问爱德华·豪斯上校。
Beneath his veneer of Texas charm, House was a master political operator.
豪斯在德克萨斯魅力的外表下，是一位政治操纵大师。
"He is an intimate man," an acquaintance said, "even when he is cutting a throat." After his first meeting with House, Wilson had declared, "My dear friend, we have known each other always." Historian: Louis Auchincloss You can't get away from Wilson's own statements that he and House were the same person.
“他是一个亲密的人，”一位熟人说道，“即使在他割喉的时候也是如此。”在第一次与豪斯会面后，威尔逊宣称：“我亲爱的朋友，我们一直都认识。”历史学家：路易斯·奥金克罗斯（Louis Auchincloss） 你无法摆脱威尔逊自己的说法，即他和豪斯是同一个人。
He made remarks that are almost mystic.
他的言论近乎神秘。
And he said "If Colonel House said it then I say it." House was socially minded, politically minded, could talk to anybody, always saw the other man's point of view, always had a compromise in one hand.
他说：“如果豪斯上校这么说，那我也这么说。”豪斯具有社会意识和政治意识，可以与任何人交谈，总是能看到别人的观点，总是能在一方面做出妥协。
Wilson was stiff, idealistic, hated to compromise, hated small talk.
威尔逊性格僵硬、理想主义、讨厌妥协、讨厌闲聊。
And together they made a sort of perfect president.
他们一起成为了一位完美的总统。
The task Wilson had in mind for House was to help create a new world order based on democracy.
威尔逊给众议院的任务是帮助建立一个基于民主的新世界秩序。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson's notion that democracy was not only good for America but also good for the world is fundamentally important in Wilson's declaring war in 1917 because the cause of war and the cause of the suffering was the existence of aristocratic, militaristic regimes, whose interests had nothing to do with the people.
历史学家：杰伊·温特·威尔逊（Jay Winter Wilson）的民主不仅对美国有利而且对世界有利的观点对于威尔逊1917年的宣战至关重要，因为战争的起因和苦难的起因是贵族军国主义政权的存在，而这些政权的利益与人民无关。
Give the power to the people Wilson believed and wars would be impossible.
把权力交给威尔逊相信的人，战争就不可能发生。
A democratic world would be a world without war.
民主世界将是一个没有战争的世界。
Narrator Colonel House secretly organized a group of historians, political scientists and geographers to study the European situation in depth.
旁白豪斯上校秘密组织了一批历史学家、政治学家和地理学家，深入研究欧洲局势。
Known as "The Inquiry," the group analyzed ways to avoid war in the future.
该组织被称为“调查”，分析了避免未来战争的方法。
In early January 1918, the President called the Colonel back to the White House.
1918 年 1 月上旬，总统将上校召回白宫。
It was time to take the information compiled by "The Inquiry" and turn it into a concrete proposal.
是时候将“调查”收集的信息转化为具体的建议了。
Fearing leaks from his cabinet, Wilson kept the meeting secret.
由于担心内阁泄密，威尔逊对这次会议保密。
Colonel Edward House Saturday was a remarkable day.
爱德华·豪斯上校星期六是非凡的一天。
At a quarter past ten I set to work with the President.
十点一刻，我开始与总统一起工作。
We took it systematically, first outlining general terms such as open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, and a general association of nations.
我们系统地理解了它，首先概述了开放外交、海洋自由和国际联盟等一般术语。
Then we began on Belgium, France, and other territorial adjustments.
然后我们开始对比利时、法国和其他领土进行调整。
At half past twelve o'clock, we finished remaking the map of the world.
十二点半，我们重新绘制了世界地图。
Narrator Their plan had fourteen simple points.
旁白 他们的计划有十四个简单的要点。
The first thirteen described a world where conflicts would be settled without war.
前十三描述了一个无需战争就能解决冲突的世界。
The last point described the organization that would make peaceful coexistence possible, a new international forum called the League of Nations.
最后一点描述了使和平共处成为可能的组织，即一个名为国际联盟的新国际论坛。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy In Wilson's mind, if the sacrifices of blood and treasure that Americans had to pay in World War I were ever going to be justified, it had to be with an outcome that didn't simply end the fighting but created a new international order - and this meant creating a new institution, which would restructure the way international diplomacy and international relations were conducted, and that of course is the League of Nations.
威尔逊认为，如果美国人在第一次世界大战中必须付出的鲜血和财富的牺牲是合理的，那么它的结果必须不仅仅是结束战斗，而是创建一个新的国际秩序——这意味着创建一个新的机构，它将重组国际外交和国际关系的运作方式，这当然就是国际联盟。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson's vision of how to achieve peace was based upon his belief that you set up institutions that don't resolve all problems but create a framework in which tensions can be absorbed and war can be avoided.
历史学家：杰伊·温特·威尔逊关于如何实现和平的愿景是基于他的信念，即建立的机构不能解决所有问题，但可以创建一个可以缓解紧张局势并避免战争的框架。
This is something he did all his life.
这是他一生都在做的事情。
Find an institutional framework and have it as a way of making the world safer.
找到一个制度框架，并将其作为让世界变得更安全的一种方式。
Narrator Wilson's Fourteen Points were translated into a dozen languages.
叙述者威尔逊的《十四点》被翻译成十几种语言。
They were transmitted by wireless radio into Russia and Austria-Hungary.
它们通过无线电传送到俄罗斯和奥匈帝国。
Leaflets were airdropped into German territory from airplanes and balloons, and were even stuffed into empty artillery shells and lobbed over the German lines.
传单通过飞机和气球空投到德国境内，甚至被塞进空炮弹中，越过德国防线投掷。
In one of the first international advertising campaigns, Wilson's ideas for a new world order were spread around the globe.
在最早的国际广告活动之一中，威尔逊关于新世界秩序的想法传播到了全球。
In 1906, the blood vessels in one of Wilson's eyes had burst, causing a temporary loss of vision.
1906年，威尔逊一只眼睛的血管破裂，导致暂时失明。
Now there were ominous signs that the condition was again becoming a threat.
现在有不祥的迹象表明这种情况再次成为威胁。
Edith watched her husband with growing concern.
伊迪丝越来越担心地看着她的丈夫。
Edith Wilson When every nerve was tense with anxiety during the war, there would come days when he was incapacitated by blinding headaches which no medicine could relieve.
伊迪丝·威尔逊 (Edith Wilson) 战争期间，当每根神经因焦虑而紧张时，有时他会因头痛而丧失行动能力，而这种头痛是任何药物都无法缓解的。
We made the room cool and dark, and when at last merciful sleep would come, he would lie for hours in this way, apparently not even breathing.
我们让房间变得又冷又暗，当他终于进入仁慈的睡眠时，他会这样躺上几个小时，显然甚至没有呼吸。
Many a time, I stole in to listen-to see if he were really alive.
很多次，我偷偷溜进去听——看看他是否真的还活着。
Narrator Wilson's headaches were a sign that high blood pressure was gradually hardening the arteries in his brain.
叙述者威尔逊的头痛表明高血压正在逐渐使他大脑中的动脉硬化。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park In 1917 he began to experience, fairly severe headaches implying that his blood pressure was very much out of control.
历史学家：Bert Park 博士 1917 年，他开始出现相当严重的头痛，这表明他的血压严重失控。
Tie that in with the disease process back in 1906 which clearly identifies the hypertension.
将其与 1906 年的疾病过程联系起来，清楚地识别出高血压。
You put those two things together and you see that you've got a continuum to a problem that's been going on and has been unaddressed, and the potential risk for strokes and the like, is of great concern.
你把这两件事放在一起，你会发现你已经得到了一个一直在发生但尚未得到解决的问题的连续体，并且中风等潜在风险值得高度关注。
Narrator Wilson's physician, a Navy medical officer named Dr. Cary Grayson, was deeply worried about the President's health.
叙述者威尔逊的医生是一位海军医务官卡里·格雷森博士，他非常担心总统的健康状况。
Grayson accompanied the President wherever he went and constantly nagged him to relax and exercise more.
格雷森无论总统走到哪里都陪伴在身边，并不断叮嘱他要放松，多锻炼。
With his days of playing baseball long behind him, the President's favorite sport was now golf.
总统打棒球的日子已经一去不复返了，现在他最喜欢的运动是高尔夫。
He was known to play rain or shine.
众所周知，他无论风雨无阻。
He even painted his ball red in order to see it in the snow.
他甚至把球涂成红色，以便在雪地里也能看到它。
But for all his eagerness, he was a classic duffer.
但尽管他很热心，他却是一个典型的笨蛋。
"Golf," Wilson said, was "an ineffectual attempt to put an elusive ball into an obscure hole with implements ill-adapted to the purpose." It was, in fact, Edith who became a superior golfer, the best of any First Lady in history.
威尔逊说：“高尔夫是一种徒劳的尝试，用不适合其目的的工具将难以捉摸的球打入一个不起眼的洞中。”事实上，伊迪丝成为了一名出色的高尔夫球手，是历史上所有第一夫人中最好的。
Her diaries were soon sprinkled with entries such as, "Played golf with W.
她的日记很快就充满了诸如“和 W. 一起打高尔夫球”之类的条目。
and Grayson.
和格雷森。
Beat them both." By late spring of 1918, over 500,000 U.S. troops were in France, with 250,000 more arriving every month.
打败他们两个。”到 1918 年春末，已有超过 50 万美军驻扎在法国，并且每个月都有 25 万美军抵达法国。
Fearing that they would soon be overwhelmed by the Americans, the German High Command launched a massive, last-ditch offensive to try and win the war.
由于担心他们很快就会被美国人压倒，德国最高统帅部发动了大规模的最后一搏进攻，试图赢得战争。
Beginning on May 28th, the German troops clashed with the American forces along a hundred mile front.
5月28日开始，德军与美军在100英里的战线上发生冲突。
Over one million American soldiers fought.
超过一百万美国士兵参加了战斗。
120,000 were killed or wounded.
120,000 人死亡或受伤。
But the American and Allied Armies stopped the Germans, and forced them into a steady retreat.
但美国和盟军阻止了德国人，迫使他们不断撤退。
With all hope of victory gone, Germany's Kaiser abdicated.
随着所有胜利的希望破灭，德国皇帝退位了。
Eager to end the war, the new German chancellor wrote the American President, saying that his nation was willing to stop fighting if a peace treaty was based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
渴望结束战争的德国新总理写信给美国总统，表示如果和平条约基于威尔逊的十四点，德国愿意停止战争。
Historian: Jay Winter This gives Wilson extraordinary power because he can threaten the allies that if they don't agree to his terms to conduct negotiations with the Germans, then he'll conduct, then he will make a separate peace with them.
历史学家：杰伊·温特 这赋予了威尔逊非凡的权力，因为他可以威胁盟国，如果他们不同意他与德国人进行谈判的条件，那么他将进行，然后他将与他们单独和平。
What he's able to do is to declare that the war is at an end even though the allies aren't happy with it.
他能做的就是宣布战争已经结束，尽管盟友对此并不满意。
Narrator When news of Wilson's armistice was announced, celebrations erupted in cities around the world.
旁白 当威尔逊停战的消息宣布时，世界各地的城市爆发了庆祝活动。
With his dreams of a new world order seemingly within his grasp, Wilson turned his attention to a far more mundane matter: winning the midterm election.
随着新世界秩序的梦想似乎触手可及，威尔逊将注意力转向了一件更为平凡的事情：赢得中期选举。
The President asked American voters to give him a mandate to pursue world peace.
总统请求美国选民赋予他追求世界和平的使命。
But his wartime arrests and censorship had alienated the very progressives who were the most ardent advocates of peace.
但他的战时逮捕和审查制度疏远了最热心和平倡导者的进步人士。
In addition, African Americans who had once voted for Wilson were outraged at his support of segregation.
此外，曾经投票支持威尔逊的非裔美国人对他支持种族隔离感到愤怒。
The President's White House screening of the film "Birth of a Nation," which portrayed the Ku Klux Klan in a heroic light, did not help matters.
总统在白宫放映的电影《一个国家的诞生》描绘了三K党的英雄形象，但这对事情没有任何帮助。
Historian: David Levering Lewis He certainly was very much a man of his times.
历史学家：大卫·莱弗林·刘易斯（David Levering Lewis） 他无疑是他那个时代的人物。
What he did say was that he was going to lead his time in the right direction.
他确实说过，他将带领时代走向正确的方向。
That is really the signature of Woodrow Wilson's Presidency.
这确实是伍德罗·威尔逊总统任期的标志。
In the area of race, however, the direction was backward and not forward.
然而，在种族领域，方向是向后而不是向前。
Narrator Women's groups were also angry at the President, because of his lukewarm support of universal suffrage and the harsh treatment of White House protesters.
解说员妇女团体也对总统感到愤怒，因为他对普选的冷淡支持以及对白宫抗议者的严厉对待。
Historian: Victoria Bissell Brown He did not think that women should be chaining themselves to the White House fence.
历史学家：维多利亚·比塞尔·布朗 他认为女性不应该把自己锁在白宫的栅栏上。
His reaction was not very gentlemanly, and not very democratic.
他的反应不太绅士，也不太民主。
Those women were beaten and abused in jail and, in protest, women went on hunger strike.
这些妇女在监狱中遭到殴打和虐待，为了抗议，妇女们进行了绝食抗议。
And Woodrow Wilson allowed those women to be force fed, by having tubes shoved down their throats, and liquid nutrition poured down those tubes.
伍德罗·威尔逊允许这些妇女被强行喂食，将管子插入她们的喉咙，然后将液体营养液倒入这些管子中。
Narrator Desperately trying to rally the Democrats, Wilson campaigned in harsh, partisan tones.
旁白 威尔逊拼命地试图团结民主党人，他以严厉的党派语气进行竞选活动。
The strategy backfired.
该策略适得其反。
The Republicans won a majority in both Houses of Congress.
共和党赢得了国会两院的多数席位。
Shortly before his death, Theodore Roosevelt managed a parting shot.
西奥多·罗斯福去世前不久，完成了一次告别。
The world should take note, he warned, that Wilson had "no authority whatever to speak for the American people." On December 4, 1918, Woodrow Wilson set sail from New York harbor on the George Washington.
他警告说，世界应该注意到，威尔逊“没有任何权力为美国人民说话”。 1918 年 12 月 4 日，伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 乘坐乔治·华盛顿号从纽约港起航。
Undaunted by his losses at home, he was on his way to Europe, determined that the peace treaty with Germany retain his visionary blueprint for world peace, the Fourteen Points.
他没有被国内的损失吓倒，而是踏上了前往欧洲的旅程，并决心与德国的和平条约保留他对世界和平的远见蓝图“十四点”。
The voyage was a welcome rest.
这次航行是一次令人愉快的休息。
Under the watchful eye of Dr. Grayson, Wilson enjoyed the salt air, games of shuffleboard, and especially the company of Edith.
在格雷森博士的注视下，威尔逊享受咸咸的空气、沙狐球游戏，尤其是伊迪丝的陪伴。
Secretary of State Robert Lansing and Colonel House begged Wilson not to go, afraid that if he failed he would be humiliated, both at home and abroad.
国务卿罗伯特·兰辛和豪斯上校恳求威尔逊不要去，担心如果他失败了，他会在国内外受到羞辱。
But Wilson was undeterred.
但威尔逊并没有被吓倒。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson's aim in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was probably higher than any statesman in the modern period.
历史学家：杰·温特·威尔逊 (Jay Winter Wilson) 在 1919 年巴黎和会上的目标可能比现代任何一位政治家都要高。
No one else had tried to fundamentally recast the international order in a way that would make war impossible.
没有其他人试图以一种使战争不可能发生的方式从根本上重塑国际秩序。
His was to be a revolutionary peace, one that would transform the world.
他的目标是实现一种革命性的和平，一种将改变世界的和平。
You can't imagine a higher goal than that.
你无法想象比这更高的目标。
Historian: Walter LaFeber Wilson said to a friend on his way over, I would not be able to do this if I did not think I were an instrument of God.
历史学家：沃尔特·拉费伯·威尔逊在过来的路上对一位朋友说，如果我不认为自己是上帝的工具，我就无法做到这一点。
And the reception that he got from millions of people in Europe who looked at him literally as a political savior reaffirmed for him that he was going to be an instrument of God.
欧洲数以百万计的人们将他视为政治救世主，他们对他的接待再次证实了他将成为上帝的工具。
Narrator American voters may not have given their President a ringing endorsement, but the citizens of the great cities of Europe did, turning out by the hundreds of thousands to cheer him.
旁白 美国选民可能没有强烈支持他们的总统，但欧洲各大城市的公民却这么做了，成千上万的人前来为他欢呼。
Standing amid the crowds, journalist Ray Baker was troubled by the intensity of their hopes for Wilson.
站在人群中，记者雷·贝克对他们对威尔逊的强烈希望感到不安。
Ray Stannard Baker I have, curiously, a feeling of doom in the coming to Europe of Wilson...He is now approaching the supreme test of his triumph and his popularity...No man has long breathed such a rarefied atmosphere and lived.
雷·斯坦纳德·贝克（Ray Stannard Baker） 奇怪的是，我对威尔逊来到欧洲有一种厄运的感觉……他现在正在接近他的胜利和声望的最高考验……没有人能长期呼吸如此稀薄的气氛并生活下来。
All the old ugly depths-hating change, hating light-will suck him down.
所有旧的、丑陋的深处——讨厌变化，讨厌光明——都会把他吸下去。
Narrator Wilson came to Paris believing America's crucial role in convincing the Germans to sign the armistice had earned him the right to dictate the terms of the peace treaty.
叙述者威尔逊来到巴黎，相信美国在说服德国签署停战协定方面发挥了关键作用，这为他赢得了决定和平条约条款的权利。
Woodrow Wilson It is not too much to say we saved the world.
伍德罗·威尔逊 说我们拯救了世界并不过分。
And I do not intend to let those Europeans forget it.
我不想让那些欧洲人忘记这一点。
They were beaten when we came in and they know it.
当我们进来时他们被殴打了，他们知道这一点。
Narrator British and French leaders saw things entirely differently.
旁白 英国和法国领导人对事情的看法完全不同。
They believed that they had paid the price for the victory - with the blood of more than two million young men.
他们相信，他们已经为胜利付出了代价——超过两百万年轻人的鲜血。
Desperate for Wilson to understand what they had suffered, they invited him to tour the war zone.
他们迫切希望威尔逊了解他们所遭受的苦难，因此邀请他参观战区。
But Wilson refused.
但威尔逊拒绝了。
"They want me to see red," he told Edith, "but I think there should be one man at the peace table one has not lost his temper." It was the first of many disagreements between Wilson and the Allies.
“他们希望我看到红色，”他告诉伊迪丝，“但我认为和平谈判桌上应该有一个人没有发脾气。”这是威尔逊与盟军之间众多分歧中的第一个。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Wilson arrives in Paris to take up his part in the peace negotiations in 1918 and he looks across the table and he sees that he's negotiating here with two true sharks.
1918 年，肯尼迪·威尔逊 (Kennedy Wilson) 抵达巴黎参加和平谈判，他望向桌子对面，发现自己正在与两条真正的鲨鱼进行谈判。
Georges Clemenceau, the Premier of France, and Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, men who were hard and determined to get the best deal they possibly could for their countries and had no tolerance whatsoever for Wilson's idealistic pronouncements about having to reform the whole character of the international system.
法国总理乔治·克列孟梭和英国首相劳埃德·乔治，他们都坚定不移地为自己的国家争取尽可能最好的协议，并且对威尔逊关于必须改革国际体系整体特征的理想主义言论没有任何容忍。
Narrator "God gave us the Ten Commandments, and we broke them," Georges Clemenceau declared.
旁白 “上帝给了我们十诫，但我们打破了它们，”乔治·克列孟梭宣称。
"Wilson gives us Fourteen Points, we shall see." Historian: Jay Winter His contempt for Wilson was very deep and he believed that this was a man who mistook words for realities and would do everything he could to provide Wilson with all the space for speeches and none of the space for achievements.
“威尔逊给了我们十四分，我们拭目以待。”历史学家：杰·温特 他对威尔逊的蔑视很深，他认为这是一个误以为事实的人，会竭尽全力为威尔逊提供一切演讲的空间，而不是任何成就的空间。
Narrator If Clemenceau thought little of Wilson's ideas, others were exhilarated by them.
旁白 如果说克列孟梭对威尔逊的想法不以为然，那么其他人却对这些想法感到兴奋。
Arab leaders wanted the American President to press for their freedom from the British Empire.
阿拉伯领导人希望美国总统敦促他们摆脱大英帝国的统治。
W.E.B.
W.E.B.
Dubois, the outspoken African-American leader, implored Wilson to speak out for Africa.
直言不讳的非裔美国领导人杜波依斯恳求威尔逊为非洲发声。
And a young Vietnamese student who would later call himself Ho Chi Minh gave Wilson's delegation a letter requesting independence for his country.
一位后来自称胡志明的年轻越南学生向威尔逊代表团递交了一封要求国家独立的信。
Historian: Walter LaFeber When Wilson talked about self-determination, open covenants openly arrived at these were things that people in Asia or Africa or African Americans in the United States had never heard before.
历史学家：沃尔特·拉费伯 当威尔逊谈到自决时，公开达成的契约是亚洲或非洲人民或美国非裔美国人以前从未听说过的。
Here is a person who is willing to take a position on principles that will help them and, and guarantee the quality that they've been searching for generations.
这个人愿意在有助于他们的原则上采取立场，并保证他们几代人一直在寻找的品质。
But Wilson discovers, when he gets to Europe, is that the world's much more complex than this and he gets caught up in a whole series of issues which he cannot control.
但威尔逊到达欧洲后发现，世界比这复杂得多，他陷入了一系列他无法控制的问题中。
Narrator Britain and France were determined to take revenge on Germany.
旁白 英国和法国决心向德国复仇。
Italy wanted control over much of Yugoslavia.
意大利希望控制南斯拉夫的大部分地区。
Japan wanted former German colonies in China.
日本想要在中国建立前德国殖民地。
One by one Wilson was forced to give way on his Fourteen Points.
威尔逊被迫在他的“十四点原则”上一一让步。
But he would not compromise on one point: the League of Nations.
但他不会在国际联盟这一点上妥协。
Historian: Jay Winter It was the moment when you set up an institution, through which over time the conflicts between nations, which were bound to arise, would be resolved.
历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter） 那是你建立一个机构的时刻，随着时间的推移，国家之间必然会出现的冲突将通过这个机构得到解决。
So for him there was one fundamental outcome that had to emerge from the peace negotiations, and that was a commitment to a League of Nations.
因此，对他来说，和平谈判必须产生一个基本成果，那就是对国际联盟的承诺。
Everything else was secondary.
其他一切都是次要的。
Narrator Wilson spent long hours deep in consultation with Colonel House.
叙述者威尔逊花了很长时间与豪斯上校深入协商。
Edith, for years resentful of her husband's close relationship with House, grew increasingly jealous.
伊迪丝多年来一直对丈夫与豪斯的亲密关系感到不满，并变得越来越嫉妒。
To fill the time, she visited hospitals and rehabilitation centers, and gave words of support to wounded soldiers.
为了打发时间，她参观了医院和康复中心，并向受伤士兵表示支持。
And occasionally, Edith would quietly go on a shopping spree to the great fashion houses.
偶尔，伊迪丝会悄悄地去各大时装店疯狂购物。
Historian: Betty Boyd Caroli Edith in Paris made a big splash.
历史学家：贝蒂·博伊德·卡洛莉·伊迪丝在巴黎引起了巨大轰动。
Her French clothes, her confidence, and later when she traveled in Italy, there was an American soldier who wrote home and said, Mrs. Wilson was every bit as fashionable as the Italian queen.
她的法式服装，她的自信，后来她去意大利旅行时，有一个美国士兵写信回家说，威尔逊夫人一点也不亚于意大利女王。
Narrator Finally, the committee chaired by the American President finished its proposal for the League of Nations.
旁白 最后，由美国总统主持的委员会完成了关于国际联盟的提案。
Wilson scheduled a presentation for all the peace conference delegates for February 14th.
威尔逊计划于 2 月 14 日向所有和平会议代表发表演讲。
Edith was desperate to attend, but French Premier Clemenceau refused her request.
伊迪丝迫切希望参加，但法国总理克列孟梭拒绝了她的请求。
Eventually, she wore the old Frenchman down - on condition that she arrive before the delegates, remain hidden behind a curtain during the event, and stay until everyone had left.
最终，她说服了这位老法国人——条件是她先于代表们到达，并在活动期间隐藏在幕布后面，并一直待到所有人都离开。
As the delegates crowded into the hall, Edith watched her husband from a tiny, hidden alcove.
当代表们挤进大厅时，伊迪丝在一个隐蔽的小壁龛里看着她的丈夫。
Edith Wilson As he stood there-slender, calm, and powerful in his argument-I seemed to see the people of all depressed countries-men, women and little children-crowding round and waiting upon his words.
伊迪丝·威尔逊站在那里——他的论点苗条、冷静、有力——我似乎看到了所有抑郁国家的人民——男人、女人和小孩——都聚集在一起等待他的发言。
Afterwards, the members rushed to grasp his hand.
随后，成员们纷纷冲过去握住他的手。
Narrator Hours after his triumphant presentation, Wilson left France, confident that his vision for the League had cleared its greatest hurdles.
旁白 在他胜利演讲几小时后，威尔逊离开了法国，他相信自己对联盟的愿景已经扫清了最大的障碍。
As soon as he arrived in Washington, Wilson met with key Republicans, led by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.
威尔逊一抵达华盛顿，就会见了以参议员亨利·卡伯特·洛奇为首的重要共和党人。
They were outraged at being excluded from the treaty negotiations and determined to voice their opposition to giving up U.S. sovereignty to an international organization.
他们对被排除在条约谈判之外感到愤怒，并决心表示反对将美国主权交给国际组织。
The meeting only made matters worse.
这次会议只会让事情变得更糟。
One senator said afterward that he felt as if he had been "wandering with Alice in Wonderland and had tea with the Mad Hatter." Wilson, for his part, was convinced that the Republicans were too selfish and short-sighted to grasp his vision.
一位参议员事后表示，他感觉自己仿佛“与爱丽丝漫游仙境，与疯帽子一起喝茶”。威尔逊则坚信共和党人太自私和短视，无法理解他的愿景。
To him, the League was the only hope for a twentieth century free of war.
对他来说，联盟是二十世纪没有战争的唯一希望。
Historian: Jay Winter That higher demand produced a sense that compromise was impossible.
历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter）更高的要求让人产生一种妥协是不可能的感觉。
And in many respects this is a characteristic Calvinist view.
从许多方面来看，这是典型的加尔文主义观点。
Once you get into the Lord's work of making peace, then great causes have great enemies.
一旦你参与主缔造和平的工作，那么伟大的事业就会有伟大的敌人。
Narrator After just ten days at home, Wilson sailed back to France, anxious to finish work on the treaty.
旁白 在家里呆了十天后，威尔逊乘船返回法国，急于完成条约的工作。
The second trip had none of tonic effect of the first.
第二次旅行没有第一次的滋补作用。
Over-tired and over-wrought, the President came down with a bad cold.
由于过度疲劳和过度劳累，总统患了重感冒。
But it wasn't an infection that had caused his complaint, he told Dr. Grayson.
但他告诉格雷森医生，引起他抱怨的并不是感染。
Woodrow Wilson You made an error in my diagnosis.
伍德罗·威尔逊 你在我的诊断中犯了一个错误。
It is true I have a headache, neuralgia, sore-throat, tooth-ache, fever and a chill, but my trouble is that I am suffering from a retention of gases generated by the Republican Senators-and that's enough to poison any man.
确实，我有头痛、神经痛、喉咙痛、牙痛、发烧和发冷，但我的麻烦是共和党参议员产生的气体潴留，这足以毒害任何人。
Narrator On March 13, 1919, Wilson arrived back in France aboard the George Washington.
旁白 1919 年 3 月 13 日，威尔逊搭乘乔治·华盛顿号返回法国。
As soon as the ship docked, Colonel House went to the President's stateroom to brief Wilson on what had happened while he was gone.
船一靠岸，豪斯上校就前往总统的特等舱，向威尔逊简要介绍了他离开期间发生的事情。
House informed him that in order to obtain British and French consent to the treaty, he had agreed to delete all mention of the League of Nations.
豪斯告诉他，为了获得英国和法国对该条约的同意，他已同意删除所有提及国际联盟的内容。
The President was stunned.
总统惊呆了。
Edith recalled that when her husband emerged from the meeting, he looked as if he had aged ten years.
伊迪丝回忆说，当她的丈夫从会议中出来时，他看起来好像老了十岁。
"House has given away everything I had won before we left Paris," he told her.
“豪斯已经放弃了我在离开巴黎之前赢得的一切，”他告诉她。
For years, the men had been extremely close, but now the President felt betrayed.
多年来，这些人一直非常亲密，但现在总统感到被背叛了。
Egged on by Edith, Wilson began to freeze House out.
在伊迪丝的怂恿下，威尔逊开始将豪斯拒之门外。
After June of that year, the two men would never speak again.
那年六月之后，两人就再也没有说过话。
Having lost confidence in his most trusted advisor, under attack by the Senate, and at odds with the Allies, Wilson felt he had no one to rely on but himself.
威尔逊对他最信任的顾问失去了信心，受到参议院的攻击，并且与盟军发生争执，威尔逊觉得除了自己之外没有人可以依靠。
Historian: John Milton Cooper He was having to work harder, under greater strain, than he'd ever done in his life.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 他不得不在更大的压力下工作，这是他一生中从未做过的。
I mean, these are fourteen, fifteen hours a day, day after day after day.
我的意思是，每天有十四、十五个小时，日复一日。
Historian: John Morton Blum These attitudes worked on him temperamentally.
历史学家：约翰·莫顿·布鲁姆 这些态度对他的性格产生了影响。
They worked on him in ways they work on anybody who finds himself or herself in a tense situation struggling every day with a few other people to produce a common artifact they can all admire.
他们对待他的方式就像对待任何发现自己处于紧张局势中的人一样，每天与其他一些人一起努力创造出他们都钦佩的共同艺术品。
What happens is, those conditions make your blood pressure go up.
发生的情况是，这些情况会使你的血压升高。
And in Wilson's case that was dangerous.
对于威尔逊来说，这是危险的。
Narrator For two weeks, the President worked furiously, until he had won back what House had bargained away.
旁白 两周来，总统拼命工作，直到赢回豪斯讨价还价的东西。
Then on the afternoon of April 3, as Wilson met with the leaders of France, Britain and Italy, he became violently ill.
4月3日下午，威尔逊在会见法国、英国和意大利领导人时病重。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park April 3rd he is felled by a severe viral illness manifested by temperatures up to 103, diarrhea, and a very severe productive cough.
历史学家：Bert Park 博士 4 月 3 日，他死于严重的病毒性疾病，表现为体温高达 103 度、腹泻和非常严重的咳嗽。
At that point he became delusional, particularly at night and many individuals associated with him at the time became aware that he was having disorders of perception.
那时他开始产生妄想症，尤其是在晚上，当时与他有联系的许多人都意识到他患有知觉障碍。
Narrator The next morning, Ike Hoover, one of Wilson's personal aides, sensed that the combination of fever and high blood pressure was causing the President to hallucinate.
旁白 第二天早上，威尔逊的一位私人助手艾克·胡佛感觉到发烧和高血压的结合导致总统产生了幻觉。
Ike Hoover He was suddenly a different man, unreasonable, unnatural, simply impossible.
艾克·胡佛 他突然变了一个人，不合理、不自然、简直不可能。
His suspicions were intensified, his perspective distorted.
他的疑虑加深了，他的观点也扭曲了。
His feelings about Colonel House now became an obsession.
他对豪斯上校的感情现在变成了一种痴迷。
And he became obsessed with the idea that every French employee about the place was a spy for the French government.
他开始痴迷于这个想法：这个地方的每一位法国雇员都是法国政府的间谍。
The President was sicker than the world ever knew.
总统的病情比世人所知的还要严重。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park He's really not thinking appropriately, he's having a delusional state and medically he did have what you define what he had as delirium.
历史学家：伯特·帕克博士他的思维确实不正常，他处于一种妄想状态，从医学上来说，他确实患有你所定义的谵妄症。
Narrator After three days, the President's fever subsided, but not his blood pressure.
旁白 三天后，总统的烧退了，但血压却没有退。
On June 28, 1919, the world's attention turned to the Palace of Versailles, where the treaty finally would be signed.
1919 年 6 月 28 日，世界的目光转向凡尔赛宫，条约最终在这里签署。
Most of Wilson's Fourteen Points were either badly weakened or missing altogether, and the Allies were demanding payments that might bankrupt Germany for a generation.
威尔逊的“十四点”的大部分内容要么被严重削弱，要么完全消失，而盟军要求的付款可能会让德国一代人破产。
The German delegates felt angry and betrayed.
德国代表感到愤怒和被背叛。
Historian: Walter LaFeber The problem with Wilson is that he had promised too much.
历史学家：沃尔特·拉费伯 威尔逊的问题在于他承诺了太多。
He cannot reconcile his rhetoric to reality.
他无法使他的言辞与现实相一致。
The Germans came to Wilson and said we surrendered on the basis of the Fourteen Points.
德国人来找威尔逊，说我们根据十四点投降。
Now you deliver on the Fourteen Points.
现在你要兑现十四点。
And Wilson could not deliver.
威尔逊无法兑现。
The French and the British would not let him deliver.
法国和英国不让他兑现。
Narrator The Germans had no choice.
旁白 德国人别无选择。
They signed the Treaty of Versailles.
他们签署了《凡尔赛条约》。
Wilson signed too.
威尔逊也签了字。
He had only one achievement to point to - the League of Nations - but he was counting on it to make up for all his failures.
他只有一项成就可以提及——国际联盟——但他指望它来弥补他所有的失败。
Before leaving France, the President made a Memorial Day visit to a cemetery where the bodies of six thousand young Americans lay buried.
在离开法国之前，总统在阵亡将士纪念日参观了埋葬着六千名美国年轻人尸体的墓地。
Woodrow Wilson Here, the men of America gave that greatest of all gifts, the gift of life.
伍德罗·威尔逊 在这里，美国人民献出了最伟大的礼物——生命的礼物。
And here stand I, consecrated in spirit to the men who were once my comrades and who are now gone, and who have left me under eternal bonds of fidelity.
我站在这里，在精神上向那些曾经是我的战友、现在已经离开的人、以及他们留给我永恒的忠诚的人们致敬。
Narrator Wilson now faced the greatest fight of his life: to convince the U.S. Senate to approve the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
叙述者威尔逊现在面临着他一生中最伟大的斗争：说服美国参议院批准《凡尔赛条约》和国际联盟。
But his political skills were dwindling away - casualties of the changes in his personality brought on by his illness.
但他的政治技巧正在逐渐衰退——这是他的疾病所带来的性格变化的结果。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park What began to occur after that point is an accentuation of the one side which was the "self-righteous, shall not compromise, no man shall put me down type of scenario," versus the "let's work together as team," which he left behind.
历史学家：伯特·帕克博士在那之后开始发生的是强调“自以为是、不妥协、没有人会贬低我的场景”这一方面，而不是他留下的“让我们作为团队一起工作”。
And so what we began to see was an accentuation of his personality traits.
所以我们开始看到他的个性特征得到了强调。
He became a caricature of himself, if you will.
如果你愿意的话，他成了他自己的漫画。
Historian: Jay Winter Wilson's politics narrowed as his arteries became blocked.
历史学家：杰伊·温特·威尔逊（Jay Winter Wilson）的政治脉络随着他的动脉被阻塞而变得狭窄。
He became a man who simply could not physically or politically function in the way that he had done before.
他成为一个在身体或政治上根本无法像以前那样发挥作用的人。
His vision of the world was the same.
他对世界的看法是一样的。
But his sense of what he would have to do in order to reach his goals became narrower and narrower and narrower.
但他对自己必须做什么才能实现目标的认识却变得越来越狭隘。
Narrator In his debilitated state, Wilson underestimated the key opponent of his League, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.
旁白 威尔逊在虚弱的状态下低估了他的联盟的主要对手，参议员亨利·卡伯特·洛奇。
Historian: Thomas Knock I think it's safe to say that Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge hated each other's guts.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克（Thomas Knock） 我认为可以肯定地说，伍德罗·威尔逊（Woodrow Wilson）和亨利·卡伯特·洛奇（Henry Cabot Lodge）对彼此恨之入骨。
Henry Cabot Lodge relished the political situation that Wilson found himself in after the 1918 mid-term elections.
亨利·卡伯特·洛奇 (Henry Cabot Lodge) 对 1918 年中期选举后威尔逊所处的政治局势很满意。
The Republicans controlled the Senate by one, which was enough.
共和党以一票之差控制了参议院，这已经足够了。
It meant that Henry Cabot Lodge was going to chair the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and preside over Wilson's great document.
这意味着亨利·卡伯特·洛奇将担任参议院外交关系委员会主席并主持威尔逊的伟大文件。
Historian: David M.
历史学家：大卫·M.
Kennedy Wilson was asking for not only a major change in the international system itself, but for no less major change in the way the United States would conduct its own international business in partnership with other people, with other nations.
肯尼迪·威尔逊不仅要求国际体系本身发生重大改变，而且要求美国与其他人民、其他国家合作开展国际事务的方式也发生同样重大的改变。
This was a gigantic departure.
这是一个巨大的转变。
Narrator With Lodge's attacks on the League taking a heavy toll, it soon became clear that Wilson did not have the votes in the senate that he needed.
旁白 由于洛奇对联盟的攻击造成了严重损失，很快就发现威尔逊在参议院没有获得他需要的选票。
The President realized that unless he took drastic measures, he would lose his League of Nations.
总统意识到，除非他采取严厉措施，否则他将失去国际联盟。
Historian: Thomas Knock And at last he decided that the only alternative that he had was a direct appeal to the people.
历史学家：托马斯·诺克 最后他决定，他唯一的选择就是直接向人民发出呼吁。
So he heads out on, what was really the equivalent of a full-fledged Presidential campaign.
因此，他开始了真正相当于一场全面的总统竞选活动。
Narrator In September of 1919, the President set out on a 10,000-mile tour of the United States.
旁白 1919 年 9 月，总统开始了 10,000 英里的美国之旅。
He was determined to create a nationwide outpouring of support for the League.
他决心在全国范围内争取对联盟的大力支持。
Both Edith and Dr. Grayson begged him not to go.
伊迪丝和格雷森医生都恳求他不要去。
Historian: John Milton Cooper That trip was probably the worst thing he could have done, given the state of his health.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 考虑到他的健康状况，那次旅行可能是他做过的最糟糕的事情。
He is trying to pack a tremendous amount of public persuasion into a terribly short period of time.
他试图在极短的时间内说服大量公众。
It is in some ways an act of desperation.
从某些方面来说，这是一种绝望的行为。
Narrator Columbus, Ohio.
叙述者俄亥俄州哥伦布市。
St. Louis, Missouri.
密苏里州圣路易斯。
Tacoma, Washington.
华盛顿州塔科马。
The cities came and went in a blur.
城市来来往往，模糊不清。
Wilson warned that the League was the only hope for reconciliation among Germany, Britain and France.
威尔逊警告说，联盟是德国、英国和法国之间和解的唯一希望。
Without it, he prophesied that there would be a "second World War." Woodrow Wilson I do not hesitate to say that the war we have just been through, though it was shot through with terror of every kind, is not to be compared with the war we would have to face next time.
如果没有它，他预言将会发生“第二次世界大战”。伍德罗·威尔逊 我毫不犹豫地说，我们刚刚经历的战争虽然充满了各种恐怖，但与我们下次必须面对的战争是无法相提并论的。
What the Germans used were toys as compared with what they would use in the next war.
与他们在下一场战争中使用的东西相比，德国人使用的只是玩具。
Historian: Jay Winter On the train, convincing the American people that the position he took on the peace treaty was valid, was one of Wilson's highest moments.
历史学家：杰伊·温特 在火车上，让美国人民相信他对和平条约的立场是有效的，这是威尔逊最辉煌的时刻之一。
He was able to find again that rapport with the ordinary voter that he had had earlier in his Presidency.
他能够再次找到他在总统任期早期与普通选民建立的融洽关系。
He was able to explain to people coming by the hundreds, by the thousands, to watch him go by, why it mattered so much for him to go over the heads of the Senate, in order to speak to the American people about peace and about the future.
他能够向数百名、数千名前来观看他走过的人们解释，为什么越过参议院，以便向美国人民谈论和平和未来对他来说如此重要。
About their children's world and their children's, children's world.
关于他们孩子的世界以及他们孩子的孩子的世界。
This is a moment when he had it within his hands to make his politics real.
这是他有能力实现他的政治的时刻。
Narrator Public support for the treaty began to grow.
旁白 公众对该条约的支持开始增长。
"The spirit of the crowd seemed akin to fanaticism," The New York Times reported.
“人群的精神似乎类似于狂热，”《纽约时报》报道。
"The throng joined in a continuous and riotous uproar." But after 5,000 miles of travel and speeches in 16 cities, Wilson once again began to suffer severe headaches.
“人群加入了持续不断的骚动。”但在行驶了 5000 英里并在 16 个城市发表演讲之后，威尔逊再次开始遭受严重头痛的困扰。
Edith Wilson He grew thinner and the headaches increased in duration and intensity until he was almost blind during the attacks.
伊迪丝·威尔逊（Edith Wilson）他变得越来越瘦，头痛的持续时间和强度也不断增加，直到发作期间他几乎失明。
With each revolution of the wheels, my anxieties for my husband's health increased.
车轮每转一圈，我对丈夫健康状况的担忧就与日俱增。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park The incredible stress of the trip with each speech that had to be given, all of the traveling, everyone was vitally concerned about Wilson's health and recognizing he was failing, all but Wilson.
历史学家：伯特·帕克博士 这次旅行带来了令人难以置信的压力，每一次演讲都必须进行，所有的旅行，每个人都非常关心威尔逊的健康状况，并认识到他正在失败，除了威尔逊。
The fact of the matter is the piper was going to have to be paid at some point.
事实上，吹笛者在某个时候必须得到报酬。
He was living on borrowed time.
他靠借来的时间生活。
Narrator On Sept.
九月的解说员
25th, the First Lady and a smiling but exhausted President met a crowd of several thousand in Pueblo, Colorado.
25 日，第一夫人和面带微笑但疲惫不堪的总统在科罗拉多州普韦布洛会见了数千人。
As he spoke, he seemed magically to regain his strength.
说话间，他的力量似乎神奇地恢复了。
Edith described it as "the most vigorous and touching speech he made on the entire tour." Woodrow Wilson Again and again, my fellow citizens, mothers who lost their sons in France have come to me and, taking my hand, have (not only) shed tears upon it, but they have added, "God bless you, Mr. President!" Why, my fellow citizens, should they weep upon my hand and pray God to bless me?
伊迪丝形容这是“他在整个巡演中发表的最有力、最感人的演讲”。伍德罗·威尔逊，我的同胞们，在法国失去儿子的母亲们一次又一次来到我身边，握住我的手，（不仅）为之流泪，而且她们还补充道：“总统先生，上帝保佑您！”我的同胞们，为什么他们要在我手上哭泣并祈求上帝保佑我呢？
I ordered their sons overseas.
我命令他们的儿子去海外。
I consented to them being put in the most dangerous parts of the battle line, where death was certain.
我同意把他们安排在前线最危险的地方，那里肯定会死。
But they rightly believe that their sons saved the liberty of the world.
但他们正确地相信他们的儿子拯救了世界的自由。
They believe that this sacrifice was made in order that other sons should not be called upon to die.
他们相信，做出这一牺牲是为了不让其他儿子被要求死去。
I wish some of the men who are now opposing the settlement could feel the moral obligation that rests upon us not to go back on those boys, but to see this thing through to the end and make good their redemption of the world.
我希望现在反对和解协议的一些人能够感受到我们肩负的道德义务，不要背叛这些男孩，而是要坚持到底，并完成他们对世界的救赎。
Narrator Later that day, Edith entered her husband's room and saw the terrible price that he had paid for making his speech.
叙述者 那天晚些时候，伊迪丝走进她丈夫的房间，看到他为演讲付出了可怕的代价。
Edith Wilson I found him sitting on the side of his bed, with his head resting on the back of a chair in front of him.
伊迪丝·威尔逊 我发现他坐在床边，头靠在前面的椅背上。
He said the pain had grown unbearable and he thought I had better call Dr. Grayson.
他说疼痛变得难以忍受，他认为我最好打电话给格雷森医生。
But nothing the doctor could do gave relief.
但医生却无能为力。
Finally, about five in the morning, my husband fell asleep.
终于，凌晨五点左右，我丈夫睡着了。
Narrator The next morning, Dr. Grayson told the President that he might die if he continued.
旁白 第二天早上，格雷森博士告诉总统，如果他继续这样做，他可能会死。
"No, no," Wilson responded, "I must keep on." Edith Wilson It remained for me to "hold up the mirror to nature" and show him that the fight was over.
“不，不，”威尔逊回答道，“我必须坚持下去。”伊迪丝·威尔逊 我仍然需要“举起镜子照向自然”并向他表明战斗已经结束。
Narrator The remainder of the trip was canceled and the President's train sped back to Washington.
旁白 剩余的行程被取消，总统的火车加速返回华盛顿。
Four days after Wilson's return to Washington, the worst fears of Edith and Dr. Grayson finally came to pass.
威尔逊返回华盛顿四天后，伊迪丝和格雷森博士最担心的事情终于发生了。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park Grayson is summoned to the President's bedroom, emerges from the bedroom, throws up his hands and says, "My God, the President is paralyzed." And indeed he was on his left side, the entire left side of his body.
历史学家：伯特·帕克·格雷森博士被叫到总统的卧室，他从卧室里出来，举起双手说：“天哪，总统瘫痪了。”事实上，他在他的左侧，他身体的整个左侧。
Narrator Dr. Grayson quickly diagnosed that Wilson had suffered a massive stroke.
旁白格雷森博士很快诊断出威尔逊患有严重中风。
He recommended releasing a full statement of the President's condition to the nation.
他建议向全国发布一份关于总统病情的完整声明。
But Edith forbade it, and Dr. Grayson fell in line.
但伊迪丝禁止这样做，格雷森博士也同意了。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park Grayson and Edith Wilson decide at this point the wagons must be circled, because the great warrior has fallen - that no one needs to know this.
历史学家：伯特·帕克·格雷森博士和伊迪丝·威尔逊此时决定必须将马车围起来，因为伟大的战士已经倒下 - 没有人需要知道这一点。
So what was done at that point with press releases to be dealt with, what would you do?
那么，当时要处理的新闻稿做了什么，你会做什么？
Well, what you would you say basically is that the president is incapacitated for right now.
好吧，你基本上会说总统现在丧失行为能力。
However, it's nervous indigestion.
不过，这是神经性消化不良。
There's not too much to be feared.
没有什么好害怕的。
The words, however, paralyzed were never utilized.
然而，“瘫痪”这个词从未被使用过。
You never heard the term stroke.
您从未听说过中风这个词。
And from that point on the American public was kept effectively in the dark.
从那时起，美国公众实际上就被蒙在鼓里了。
Narrator Secretary of State Lansing learned the truth, and told Edith and Grayson that the constitution called for the appointment of the Vice President.
旁白国务卿兰辛得知真相后，告诉伊迪丝和格雷森，宪法要求任命副总统。
They ignored him.
他们不理睬他。
One week later, when Wilson took a turn for the worse, Vice President Thomas Marshall was informed that the President might die at any moment.
一周后，当威尔逊病情恶化时，副总统托马斯·马歇尔被告知总统随时可能去世。
Marshall sat speechless, staring at his hands.
马歇尔一言不发地坐着，盯着自己的双手。
For more than a month, Wilson did little more than sleep and eat.
在一个多月的时间里，威尔逊除了睡觉和吃饭之外什么也没做。
The wheels of government ground to a halt; the Cabinet met but made no decisions; foreign diplomacy was put on hold.
政府的车轮戛然而止；内阁开会但未做出决定；对外外交被搁置。
Historian: John Milton Cooper Wilson's stroke caused the worst crisis of Presidential disability in American history.
历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀·威尔逊的中风引发了美国历史上最严重的总统残疾危机。
And it was handled terribly.
而且处理得很糟糕。
Essentially, Mrs. Wilson became a kind of regent.
从本质上讲，威尔逊夫人成为了一位摄政王。
She controlled access to him.
她控制着与他的接触。
She was very specific, that she never made a decision on her own; she did not try to usurp anything there.
她非常专一，从不自己做决定；她并没有试图篡夺那里的任何东西。
But we all know that whoever controls access to the President, to some extent, controls the President, is the President.
但我们都知道，谁控制了与总统的接触，某种程度上就控制了总统，谁就是总统。
Narrator Ike Hoover watched as Mrs. Wilson became, in effect, the President of the United States.
旁白艾克·胡佛目睹了威尔逊夫人实际上成为美国总统。
Ike Hoover If there were some papers requiring his attention, they would be read to him -but only those that Mrs. Wilson thought should be read to him.
艾克·胡佛 如果有一些文件需要他注意，就会读给他听，但只有威尔逊夫人认为应该读给他听的文件。
.
。
.
。
.
。
Likewise; word of any decision the President had made would be passed back through the same channels.
同样地;总统做出的任何决定的消息都将通过相同的渠道传回。
Narrator Six weeks after the stroke, Wilson's ability to speak returned.
旁白 中风六周后，威尔逊恢复了说话的能力。
But he was still unable to write or walk.
但他仍然无法写作或行走。
As the White House cover-up continued, Republicans became suspicious that the President was not fit for office.
随着白宫继续掩盖真相，共和党人开始怀疑总统不适合担任总统。
They designated two Senators, a Republican and a Democrat, to go see the President.
他们指定了两名参议员（一名共和党人和一名民主党人）去见总统。
Edith and Dr. Grayson carefully prepared for the visit.
伊迪丝和格雷森博士为这次访问做了精心的准备。
They concealed his paralyzed left arm under a blanket, and lit the room so that the President was in a deep shadow.
他们将总统瘫痪的左臂盖在毯子下，并照亮房间，使总统处于深深的阴影中。
"We're praying for you, Mr. Wilson," Republican Senator Albert Fall declared.
“我们为你祈祷，威尔逊先生，”共和党参议员阿尔伯特·法尔宣称。
"Which way, Senator?" Wilson grimly retorted, "Which way?" The President passed the test.
“参议员，往哪边走？”威尔逊冷冷地反问：“哪条路？”总统通过了测试。
The New York Times reported that the meeting "silenced for good the many wild and often unfriendly rumors of Presidential disability." The public would never know the full extent of Wilson's illness.
《纽约时报》报道说，这次会议“永远平息了许多关于总统残疾的疯狂且往往不友好的谣言”。公众永远不会知道威尔逊病情的全部情况。
But his political health could not be stage managed so easily.
但他的政治健康状况不可能如此轻易地在舞台上进行管理。
Senator Lodge introduced a series of amendments to the League charter that severely limited American commitments to the organization.
洛奇参议员对联盟章程提出了一系列修正案，严重限制了美国对该组织的承诺。
Edith could not get her embittered husband to accept the compromises.
伊迪丝无法让她怨恨的丈夫接受妥协。
Five months after Wilson's stroke, the League of Nations went down to final defeat in the Senate.
威尔逊中风五个月后，国际联盟在参议院最终惨遭失败。
Upon hearing the news, he replied, "It probably would have been better if I had died last fall." Historian: Jay Winter He was a man who believed in this extraordinarily difficult goal and when he knew that he wouldn't get there the moment must have been devastating for him.
听到这个消息后，他回答说：“如果我去年秋天就死了，可能会更好。”历史学家：杰伊·温特（Jay Winter） 他是一个相信这个极其困难的目标的人，当他知道自己无法实现这一目标时，那一刻对他来说一定是毁灭性的。
Since it meant that all those deaths had been in vain and that nothing had been accomplished by the American intervention in the war itself.
因为这意味着所有这些死亡都是徒劳的，并且美国对战争本身的干预没有取得任何成果。
At that moment he must have felt very much like an Old Testament prophet who saw that he would never reach the Promised Land, a bit like Moses on the mountain top looking onto Canaan and realizing that he'll never get across the river.
那一刻，他的感觉一定很像《旧约》中的先知，看到自己永远无法到达应许之地，有点像摩西在山顶上看着迦南，意识到自己永远无法过河。
Narrator A frail Wilson muddled through the last year of his Presidency.
旁白 身体虚弱的威尔逊在总统任期的最后一年里浑浑噩噩地度过了。
His favorite activity was watching newsreels from his time in office, with old friends like Ray Baker.
他最喜欢的活动是与雷·贝克等老朋友一起观看任职期间的新闻片。
Ray Stannard Baker Finally, the show was over, the film had run its course.
雷·斯坦纳德·贝克 最后，演出结束了，电影也结束了。
All that glory had faded away with a click and a sputter.
随着一声“咔哒”声和“噼啪”声，所有的荣耀都消失了。
It was to us sitting there as though the thread of life itself had snapped.
对坐在那里的我们来说，就好像生命之线本身已经断裂了。
We drew long breaths, and turned to see the stooped figure of the President.
我们长长地吸了一口气，转头看到了总统弯腰的身影。
He turned slowly and shuffled out of the doorway.
他缓缓转身，拖着脚步出了门口。
Alone.
独自的。
Narrator In 1921, Woodrow Wilson retired to a house on S Street in Washington D.C. Here he received visits from his daughters and grandchildren, and listened to baseball games on the radio.
旁白 1921 年，伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 退休，住在华盛顿特区 S 街的一所房子里。他在这里接待了女儿和孙辈的探望，并收听广播中的棒球比赛。
For his efforts to bring a just end to the war, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.
由于他为公正结束战争所做的努力，他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
But the former President felt that his life's work had been rejected by his own countrymen.
但这位前总统觉得他毕生的工作遭到了自己的同胞的拒绝。
Historian: David Kennedy Wilson, in his final days and years, was a truly tragic figure who had aspired to the greatest of heights of accomplishment and brought terribly low, both politically, failing to get the League of Nations, and then his health, just cruelly broken in his final years.
历史学家：大卫·肯尼迪·威尔逊在他生命的最后岁月里，是一个真正的悲剧人物，他曾渴望达到最伟大的成就，但在政治上却陷入了可怕的低谷，未能建立国际联盟，然后他的健康在他的最后几年被残酷地破坏了。
It must have been a very sad time for him.
这对他来说一定是一段非常悲伤的时光。
Historian: Dr. Bert Park In the last days of his life, though he had the physical deficits, the real, disturbing aspect were these wide swings in emotion, including, crying spells for which there was no underlying reason that one could discern.
历史学家：伯特·帕克博士 在他生命的最后几天，尽管他有身体上的缺陷，但真正令人不安的是情绪的大幅波动，包括无法辨别的根本原因的哭泣。
And for a man of Wilson's intellect and his pride, what a tragedy to see what disease had wrought over a twenty-year period.
对于一个像威尔逊这样有才智和自尊的人来说，看到疾病在二十年的时间里造成了怎样的悲剧，真是一场悲剧。
Narrator In 1921, on Armistice Day, the third anniversary of the end of the war, Wilson rode in a somber procession for the burial of the Unknown Soldier.
旁白 1921 年，停战日，也就是战争结束三周年纪念日，威尔逊参加了一场庄严的游行队伍，前往埋葬无名烈士。
As his carriage passed, a murmur of recognition arose from the crowd, then a wave of applause swept down the parade route.
当他的马车驶过时，人群中发出一阵议论声，随后游行路线上响起了一阵掌声。
Narrator The former President returned home to find twenty thousand people milling outside.
旁白 前总统回到家中，发现两万人在外面闲逛。
Wilson finally appeared on his doorstep, and with tears streaming down his cheeks, he spoke a single sentence, "I can only say, 'God Bless You." Historian: John Milton Cooper A lot of his friends, his daughters, were surprised at how calm and how serene he became.
威尔逊终于出现在他的家门口，他泪流满面，说了一句话：“我只能说，‘上帝保佑你’。”历史学家：约翰·米尔顿·库珀 他的很多朋友，他的女儿们，都对他变得如此平静和安详感到惊讶。
He said, "If we'd gone into the League of Nations, if we'd adopted my program," he said, "it would have been only a personal triumph on my part." He said, "The people weren't ready for it." He said, "Now, when we do this, it will be because the people want it, because they are ready for it." And he had his own way of putting it, too, he said, "God knew.
他说，“如果我们加入国际联盟，如果我们采纳了我的计划，”他说，“这将只是我个人的胜利。”他说：“人们还没有准备好。”他说：“现在，当我们这样做时，那是因为人们想要它，因为他们已经做好了准备。”他也有自己的表达方式，他说：“上帝知道。
God knew what to do better than I did." Narrator On Sunday, February 3, 1924, another crowd gathered on S Street.
上帝比我更知道该怎么做。”旁白 1924 年 2 月 3 日星期日，另一群人聚集在 S 街上。
Woodrow Wilson was dead.
伍德罗·威尔逊死了。
His body was carried to the Washington Cathedral for burial.
他的遗体被运往华盛顿大教堂埋葬。
President Calvin Coolidge, members of Congress and heads of foreign government attended the ceremony.
卡尔文·柯立芝总统、国会议员和外国政府首脑出席了仪式。
Edith requested Senator Lodge to forgo his official invitation.
伊迪丝请求洛奇参议员放弃他的正式邀请。
Colonel House was not invited.
豪斯上校没有被邀请。
Familiar passages of Scripture that Wilson had read throughout his life were spoken over his remains.
威尔逊一生中读过的熟悉的圣经段落在他的遗体上被讲述。
As the ceremony ended, the choir sang out "The strife is over .
仪式结束时，合唱团高唱“冲突结束了”。
.
。
.
。
the battle done."
战斗结束了。”
Read what historians have to say on the significance of Wilson's presidency.
阅读历史学家对威尔逊总统任期重要性的评价。
Hawkish Senator Lodge wanted Germany crushed and saddled with a harsh settlement.
鹰派参议员洛奇希望粉碎德国，并通过严厉的解决方案背负沉重负担。
The British prime minister served to balance Wilson's Fourteen Points against the harsh demands of French Premier Georges Clemenceau.
英国首相在威尔逊的“十四点”与法国总理乔治·克列孟梭的苛刻要求之间取得了平衡。
Clemenceau saw Wilson as too idealistic and insisted on Germany's disarmament.
克列孟梭认为威尔逊过于理想主义，坚持德国裁军。
A cheerful, self-deprecating politician from Indiana, Thomas Marshall served dutifully as Woodrow Wilson's vice president.
托马斯·马歇尔是一位来自印第安纳州的开朗、自嘲的政治家，尽职尽责地担任伍德罗·威尔逊的副总统。
Widely respected for his intellect and political acumen, House was Woodrow Wilson's most trusted advisor.
豪斯因其才智和政治敏锐性而广受尊敬，是伍德罗·威尔逊最值得信赖的顾问。
A radical suffragist, Paul clashed with President Wilson and the mainstream woman's movement alike.
作为一名激进的妇女参政主义者，保罗与威尔逊总统和主流妇女运动发生了冲突。
Baker was a leading national journalist whose belief in social reform led to a close personal and professional relationship with Woodrow Wilson.
贝克是一位著名的全国记者，他对社会改革的信念导致他与伍德罗·威尔逊建立了密切的个人和职业关系。
Before Woodrow Wilson became the standard bearer for the Democratic Party, that honor belonged to William Jennings Bryan.
在伍德罗·威尔逊成为民主党旗手之前，这一荣誉属于威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
A dynamic speaker and tenacious organizer, Carrie Chapman Catt was a powerful force in the women's suffrage movement.
卡丽·查普曼·卡特 (Carrie Chapman Catt) 是一位充满活力的演说家和顽强的组织者，是妇女选举权运动中的强大力量。
An outspoken leader of the labor movement, Eugene Debs opposed Woodrow Wilson as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1912 presidential election.
作为一位直言不讳的劳工运动领袖，尤金·德布斯 (Eugene Debs) 在 1912 年总统选举中反对伍德罗·威尔逊 (Woodrow Wilson) 作为社会党候选人。
Learn about the events Woodrow Wilson lived through.
了解伍德罗·威尔逊经历过的事件。