Into the Deep: America, Whaling & the World

Peleg Folger (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): Thou didst, O Lord, create the mighty whale, That wondrous monster of a mighty length; Vast is his head and body, vast his tail, Beyond conception his unmeasured strength.

佩莱格​​·福尔格（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：上帝啊，您创造了强大的鲸鱼，那条体长巨大的奇妙怪物；他的头和身体巨大，他的尾巴巨大，他的力量难以估量，难以想象。

But, everlasting God, thou dost ordain That we, poor feeble mortals should engage Ourselves, our wives and children to maintain, This dreadful monster with a martial rage.

但是，永恒的上帝，你命定我们，可怜的、软弱的凡人，应该让我们自己，我们的妻子和孩子，去维护这个充满军事愤怒的可怕怪物。

Peleg Folger, 1754.

法莱格·福尔格，1754。

Callie Thorne, voice-over: Death to the living, Long life to the killers, Success to sailors' wives, And greasy luck to whalers.

卡莉·索恩（Callie Thorne），画外音：生者死亡，杀手长寿，水手妻子成功，捕鲸者运气不佳。

Narrator: On the hot and sultry morning of Thursday, August 12th, 1819, with the price of whale oil on the rise, and the world sunk deep in a debilitating economic depression, an 87-foot, 238-ton whaleship called the Essex weighed anchor off the island of Nantucket, sailed east past Great Point lighthouse, and headed out onto the surging currents of the North Atlantic for what would prove to be the most haunting and horrific voyage in the history of American whaling.

旁白：1819 年 8 月 12 日，星期四，炎热闷热的早晨，鲸油价格上涨，世界陷入经济萧条，一艘长 87 英尺、重 238 吨的捕鲸船“埃塞克斯”号在楠塔基特岛起锚，向东航行经过大角灯塔，驶向汹涌的北大西洋洋流，开始了一段被证明是最伟大的旅程。美国捕鲸史上令人难忘且可怕的航行。

The ship was in many ways a microcosm of American whaling at the time.

从很多方面来说，这艘船都是当时美国捕鲸活动的缩影。

Owned by a group of Quaker merchants on Nantucket, and manned by a characteristically mixed and motley crew; each of whom had a stake in the outcome of the voyage and a share of the profits, no matter how small.

该船由楠塔基特岛的一群贵格会商人所有，由一群典型的混杂的船员组成；他们每个人都对航程的结果有利害关系，并分享利润，无论利润有多小。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: The Essex had been a fairly typical ship going into this; in fact, if anything, was regarded as a lucky ship.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：埃塞克斯号是一艘相当典型的船只。事实上，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是被视为一艘幸运的船。

She had been good to her owners and good to her men, coming back regularly with decent loads.

她对她的主人和她的手下都很好，定期带着体面的货物回来。

Nothing special about her, she was getting old - she was twenty years old, which is getting towards the end of the life of a whaleship, but there were no signs that anything extraordinary was in the cards for the Essex.

她没什么特别的，她正在变老——她已经二十岁了，这艘捕鲸船的生命即将结束，但没有任何迹象表明埃塞克斯号有任何非凡的事情发生。

Narrator: In addition to her 28-year-old first-time captain, George Pollard, and his able, but headstrong 22-year-old first mate, Owen Chase, the ship's twenty-one man crew included seven newly-recruited black sailors out of Boston, five veteran Nantucketers, five off-islanders, and two young men - Captain Pollard's cousin, Owen Coffin, and his cabin boy, Thomas Nickerson, an orphan - who at 17 and 14, respectively, were scarcely more than boys.

旁白：除了 28 岁的首次担任船长的乔治·波拉德和他能干但任性的 22 岁大副欧文·蔡斯之外，船上的 21 名船员还包括 7 名新招募的来自波士顿的黑人水手、5 名楠塔基特退伍军人、5 名外岛人以及两名年轻人——波拉德船长的表弟欧文·科芬和他的机舱男孩、孤儿托马斯·尼克森。 - 分别在 17 岁和 14 岁的时候，他们只比男孩大不了多少。

Thomas Nickerson (Vincent Kartheiser, voice-over): It was perhaps the most pleasing moment of my life when I at the age of fourteen went for the first time aboard that ship.

托马斯·尼克森（文森特·卡塞瑟，画外音）：当我十四岁时第一次登上那艘船时，这也许是我一生中最愉快的时刻。

She was to be my home for the coming three years, and black and ugly as she was, I would not have exchanged her for a palace.

她将是我未来三年的家，尽管她又黑又丑，我也不会用她来换一座宫殿。

Thomas Nickerson.

托马斯·尼克森.

Narrator: They were ultimately bound - after a long zigzagging course down the Atlantic past the Azores, Africa and Brazil - for the deep green waters of the Pacific off the coast of Peru.

旁白：他们最终沿着大西洋蜿蜒曲折地航行，经过亚速尔群岛、非洲和巴西，最终前往秘鲁海岸附近的太平洋深绿色水域。

They were hunting sperm whales - huge, big-brained, deep-ocean creatures prized for the luminous character of the oil that could be rendered from their immense bodies, and for the hundreds of gallons of spermaceti oil - finer still - contained in their massive block-shaped heads.

他们正在捕猎抹香鲸——巨大、脑容量大的深海生物，因其巨大的身体可以提炼出的油的发光特性而受到重视，而且它们巨大的块状头中含有数百加仑的鲸蜡油——更精细。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: This was the beginning of the Industrial Age.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：这是工业时代的开始。

And before petroleum, the oil that was lubricating the machines, lighting the urban centers of America and Europe, was whale oil.

在石油出现之前，鲸油是用来润滑机器、照亮美国和欧洲城市中心的石油。

And before there was Mobil Oil headquarters, there was Nantucket, and it was Nantucket sperm oil that was making the Industrial Revolution happen and providing the first global economic engine America would know.

在美孚石油公司总部出现之前，就有了楠塔基特岛，正是楠塔基特岛精油推动了工业革命的发生，并为美国提供了第一个全球经济引擎。

Daniel Vickers, Historian: Whale oil was the highest-quality illuminant and the highest-quality lubricant that human beings could produce.

历史学家丹尼尔·维克斯：鲸油是人类可以生产的最高品质的照明剂和最高品质的润滑剂。

And the western world was becoming a richer, more productive place in the later 18th and early 19th centuries.

18 世纪末和 19 世纪初，西方世界变得更加富裕、生产力更高。

And that drove the price of oil higher and gave whalemen an incentive to go further and further and further.

这推高了石油价格，并激励捕鲸者走得越来越远。

Narrator: That August night in 1819, however, as the doomed ship headed out into the blackness of the Atlantic, no one in their wildest dreams could have imagined the fate that lay in store for the industry itself, for the tiny island that was then its capital, or for the ship and its 21-man crew whose dark and dreamlike voyage would haunt the memory of American whaling for generations to come, give rise to one of the most remarkable works of literature ever created by an American, and, like whaling itself, raise large and searching questions about the relation of human beings to each other, to other species, and to the planet.

旁白：然而，1819 年 8 月的一个晚上，当这艘注定失败的船驶入大西洋的黑暗时，没有人在最疯狂的梦想中能够想象到这个行业本身、当时作为其首都的小岛，或者这艘船及其 21 名船员的命运，他们黑暗而梦幻般的航行将萦绕在美国捕鲸业子孙后代的记忆中，催生了美国人有史以来创作的最杰出的文学作品之一，捕鲸本身，就人类彼此之间、人类与其他物种以及人类与地球的关系提出了重大而深刻的问题。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Well, the poetry of whaling, I think, is the deepest and darkest poetry of America really.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：嗯，我认为捕鲸诗歌确实是美国最深刻、最黑暗的诗歌。

Because at the center of it is the whale - this huge creature - eighty tons, in some cases, that can attack a human being but possesses a secret, possesses oil, that in the early 19th century was really the heart blood of American commerce.

因为它的中心是鲸鱼——这种巨大的生物——在某些情况下重达八十吨，它可以攻击人类，但拥有秘密，拥有石油，在19世纪初，它确实是美国商业的心脏血液。

But there's also the sea.

但这里也有大海。

So you have this creature in this vast wilderness, and I think it's the wilderness aspect of the sea that gives it the poetry that goes way beyond anything that we're familiar with today.

所以你在这片广阔的荒野中拥有这种生物，我认为正是海洋的荒野方面赋予了它远远超出我们今天所熟悉的任何事物的诗意。

It's a deep language.

这是一门有深度的语言。

Lisa Norling, Historian: There's something very primordial about the epic hunt - one of the basic things that human beings have done since we started to walk upright - but it's the biggest, it's the most extreme, it's the farthest away, it's the longest voyages, the riskiest kind of endeavor.

丽莎·诺林，历史学家：史诗般的狩猎有一些非常原始的东西，这是自从我们开始直立行走以来人类所做的基本事情之一，但它是最大的、最极端的、最遥远的、最长的航行、最危险的尝试。

And so it taps into something very basic about human existence and experience.

因此它触及了人类存在和经验的一些非常基本的东西。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: It's partly the size and magnitude of everything that creates this huge response; partly that the whale is the biggest creature that's ever lived.

梅尔维尔学者伯考·爱德华兹（Bercaw Edwards）：部分原因是所有事物的规模和强度造成了如此巨大的反应；部分原因是鲸鱼是有史以来最大的生物。

No dinosaur was ever bigger than the biggest whale that's still alive.

没有任何恐龙比现存最大的鲸鱼更大。

Partly, the length of the voyages.

部分是航程的长度。

I mean, everything is so much beyond anything that we can imagine.

我的意思是，一切都超出了我们的想象。

D.

D .

Graham Burnett, Historian: There are industries - the kind of cultural import of which outstrips even economic importance, and whaling was economically very important.

历史学家格雷厄姆·伯内特：有些产业的文化重要性甚至超过了经济重要性，而捕鲸业在经济上非常重要。

But its peculiar combination of danger, and romance, and exoticism meant that it took up considerably more space in the collective imagination than it did even in the bankrolls of the early republic.

但它的危险、浪漫和异国情调的独特结合意味着它在集体想象中占据的空间比在共和国早期的资金中占据的空间要大得多。

Narrator: Pursued from the start with a single-minded drive and tenacity, no other enterprise more vividly expressed the untrammeled human energies unleashed in the new world following the founding of America.

旁白：从一开始就以一心一意的干劲和坚韧不拔的精神追求，没有任何一家企业比这更生动地表达了美国建国后在新世界中释放出的不受约束的人类能量。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: There was something about the entrepreneurial spirit of the people that chose to settle in the colonies before the United States became the United States, something that they brought with them.

埃里克·杰·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：在美国成为美国之前，选择在殖民地定居的人们有一种创业精神，这是他们随身携带的。

They wanted to succeed, in their own terms, in this new land.

他们希望以他们自己的方式在这片新土地上取得成功。

And whether it was the entrepreneurial spirit, the desire to make money on your own, the willingness to risk a lot, the Americans just latched onto whaling early on and wouldn't let go.

无论是创业精神、自力更生的渴望还是愿意冒很大风险的意愿，美国人都很早就抓住了捕鲸业，不肯放手。

And they did become among the greatest whalemen of all time.

他们确实成为了有史以来最伟大的捕鲸者之一。

Daniel Vickers, Historian: From beginning to end, from the recruitment in Nantucket in the 17th century through to the final voyages out of New Bedford, it would always be difficult for the industry to keep up with the problem that it creates which is the destruction of its resource base.

历史学家丹尼尔·维克斯（Daniel Vickers）：从始至终，从 17 世纪楠塔基特岛的招募到最后离开新贝德福德的航行，该行业始终难以跟上其造成的问题，即资源基础的破坏。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: For the most part, very few, if any whalemen were really concerned about the whales' fate as a species.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：在大多数情况下，很少有捕鲸者真正关心鲸鱼作为一个物种的命运。

They viewed whales as floating profit centers to be taken advantage of, not preserved.

他们将鲸鱼视为浮动的利润中心，可以被利用，而不是被保护。

You can find statements about the possibility of sending some of these species to extinction.

您可以找到有关导致其中一些物种灭绝的可能性的陈述。

But they were more concerned with that putting an end to their industry than they were about the need to save the whales.

但他们更关心的是这会结束他们的行业，而不是拯救鲸鱼的需要。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): And still another inquiry remains - whether Leviathan can long endure so wide a chase and so remorseless a havoc; or whether he must not at last be exterminated from the waters, and the last whale, like the last man, smoke his last pipe, and then himself evaporate in the final puff.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：还有一个问题仍然存在——利维坦是否能够长期承受如此广泛的追逐和如此无情的破坏？或者他最终是否一定会被从水中消灭，最后一条鲸鱼就像最后一个人一样，抽完最后一根烟斗，然后在最后一口烟中蒸发掉。

Herman Melville.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔.

Narrator: Right up to the very end, however, the whalemen themselves had only one place to go - ever farther, ever longer, ever deeper - out onto the seemingly infinite wilderness of the sea until at last there was no place left for them to go.

旁白：然而，直到最后，捕鲸人自己也只有一个地方可以去——越来越远，越来越远，越来越深，到看似无边无际的大海荒野，直到最后无处可去。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: It was an endeavor that inspired so much of what would become the defining characteristics of America.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：这一努力激发了许多后来成为美国特征的东西。

I mean, there is violence, there is a spiritual sense of destiny, there is this intense parochialism that drives you to go around the world and conquer the world.

我的意思是，有暴力，有精神上的命运感，有这种强烈的狭隘主义驱使你环游世界并征服世界。

And then, always, at the center of it, is this bloodlust for the hunt.

然后，始终处于其中心的是对狩猎的嗜血欲望。

I mean, that's the definition of America, as far as I can tell, and it all happened in American whaling in the 17th, 18th and 19th century.

我的意思是，据我所知，这就是美国的定义，而这一切都发生在 17、18 和 19 世纪的美国捕鲸业中。

Narrator: English, Dutch and Basque whalemen had already depleted the right whale populations along the shores of the Old World when on November 9th, 1620, the 102 passengers of the Mayflower rounded the tip of Cape Cod and finally made landfall off the coast of Massachusetts.

旁白：1620 年 11 月 9 日，当五月花号的 102 名乘客绕过科德角并最终在马萨诸塞州海岸登陆时，英国、荷兰和巴斯克的捕鲸者已经耗尽了旧大陆沿岸的露脊鲸数量。

As the daylight grew stronger, the sea-weary pilgrims were astonished to see teeming pods of right whales spouting and frolicking just off the bow of the ship.

随着日光渐强，厌倦了大海的朝圣者们惊讶地发现，成群结队的露脊鲸在船头喷水嬉戏。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: When one's speaking about the great whales - the big whales, the whales that are 40, 50, 60, 80 feet long, and weigh tons and tons and tons - there are really two discernible groups.

斯图尔特·弗兰克 (Stuart Frank)，新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：当人们谈论伟大的鲸鱼时——大型鲸鱼，长 40、50、60、80 英尺，重达数吨、数吨、数吨的鲸鱼——实际上有两个明显的群体。

There are the odontocetes, the toothed whales, and the only big one is the sperm whale and all the rest, the mysticete whales, the baleen whales.

有齿鲸类、齿鲸类，唯一体型较大的是抹香鲸，其余的都是须鲸类、须鲸类。

Michael Moore, Marine Biologist: Before the petrol-chemical industry, oil from these animals was hugely valuable.

迈克尔摩尔，海洋生物学家：在石油化学工业出现之前，来自这些动物的石油非常有价值。

And the sperm whale in particular had the spermaceti wax from its head which could be processed into oil for lighting and later for lubricants and also for cosmetics.

尤其是抹香鲸，其头部的鲸蜡可以加工成用于照明的油，然后用于润滑剂和化妆品。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: In the spermaceti organ was up to 23 barrels of spermaceti oil, which was the most valuable of all whale oils.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：鲸蜡器官中含有多达 23 桶鲸蜡油，这是所有鲸油中最有价值的。

It was used both directly in lamps, but also to make spermaceti candles which were a favorite of Benjamin Franklin, and burned very brightly, and produced very little soot.

它既可以直接用于灯，也可以用来制作鲸蜡蜡烛，这是本杰明·富兰克林最喜欢的，燃烧起来非常明亮，产生的烟灰很少。

Michael Moore, Marine Biologist: In contrast to sperm whales, the baleen whales have an oil but less valuable, but what they do have is baleen, the filtering system that hangs down from the roof of the mouth.

海洋生物学家迈克尔·摩尔：与抹香鲸相比，须鲸有油，但价值较低，但它们所拥有的是鲸须，即从口腔顶部垂下的过滤系统。

And the baleen essentially is the plastic precursor.

鲸须本质上是塑料的前身。

Anything you do with plastic today you could try to do with baleen.

今天你用塑料做的任何事情都可以尝试用鲸须做。

D.

D .

Graham Burnett, Historian: What did whalemen do?

历史学家格雷厄姆·伯内特：捕鲸人做了什么？

Whalemen turned creatures of darkness - these God-spited, vicious monsters - into the sources of light.

捕鲸人将黑暗生物——这些上帝唾弃的邪恶怪物——变成了光明的来源。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: When the colonists got here, they sort of recreated whaling as it had begun many centuries before.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：当殖民者到达这里时，他们有点重现了许多世纪前开始的捕鲸活动。

Instead of going out after the whale, there were many more whales offshore and many of them died for multiple reasons, and they would wash ashore.

近海的鲸鱼并没有出去捕鲸，而是有更多的鲸鱼，其中许多鲸鱼因多种原因死亡，然后被冲上岸。

So, in the earliest years, drift whaling was a very active enterprise.

因此，在最早的几年里，漂流捕鲸是一项非常活跃的事业。

And Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts Bay, writes in the early 1630s of three or four whales coming ashore on the lower part of the Cape every year and men from his colony going there and cutting them up and boiling down their blubber into oil.

马萨诸塞湾总督约翰·温思罗普 (John Winthrop) 在 1630 年代初写道，每年有三四头鲸鱼在好望角下游登陆，他的殖民地的人们前往那里，将它们切碎，然后将鲸脂煮成油。

Drift whaling went on for a number of decades.

漂流捕鲸持续了数十年。

But then the men decided, "Why should we wait for Providence to bring a whale to us?

但随后人们决定：“为什么我们要等待上帝给我们带来鲸鱼呢？

Let's go out and attack them on their own terms." So shore whaling sprouted up and down the coast.

让我们出去按照他们自己的方式攻击他们吧。”因此，海岸捕鲸活动在海岸上兴起。

After sighting a whale offshore, they'd hop into these 25-foot whaleboats, go through the surf, row up to it, harpoon it, bring it back in and process it on the shore.

在近海看到鲸鱼后，他们会跳进这些 25 英尺长的捕鲸船，穿过海浪，划到鲸鱼身边，用鱼叉捕获它，然后将其带回岸上并进行处理。

And that went on for many decades and was very successful up and down the Eastern Seaboard.

这种情况持续了几十年，并且在东海岸上下非常成功。

Narrator: By 1720, shore whaling had become an inextricable part of the culture and economy of the American colonies - from the tip of Cape Cod to the shores of Long Island, and beyond.

旁白：到 1720 年，海岸捕鲸已经成为美国殖民地文化和经济中不可分割的一部分——从科德角的尖端到长岛海岸以及更远的地方。

By then, the center of gravity of whaling itself had begun to shift, out towards a wind-swept spit of land off the coast of Cape Cod, which the Wampanoags called "Natocket" - "the far-away place" - and which, over the next hundred years, would rise to become one of the greatest whaling capitals the world has ever seen.

那时，捕鲸业的重心本身已经开始转移，转向科德角海岸附近一片被风吹过的陆地，万帕诺亚格人称之为“纳托基特”——“遥远的地方”——在接下来的一百年里，这里将成为世界上最伟大的捕鲸之都之一。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Nantucket is a crescent of sand, only 50 square miles, almost 30 miles out to sea, and it's out there.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：楠塔基特岛是一片新月形的沙滩，只有 50 平方英里，距离大海近 30 英里，而且它就在那里。

It's as far out there as you're going to get.

它就在你能到达的最远的地方。

And out that far, anyone who lived there was basically at sea along with those out on ships.

到目前为止，住在那里的任何人基本上都和船上的人一样在海上。

Daniel Vickers, Historian: The great advantage that Nantucket had at the time was that it had a completely unexploited population of whales.

历史学家丹尼尔·维克斯：楠塔基特岛当时的巨大优势是它拥有完全未开发的鲸鱼种群。

And when you look at the geography of the American coast, the track of the right whale comes up from the tropics, and then it hits Long Island, and then they all have to hang a right.

而当你观察美国海岸的地理时，露脊鲸的踪迹是从热带上来的，然后它到达了长岛，然后它们都得向右挂。

And so this hundred-mile-wide band of right whales funnels past Nantucket, which sticks further out into the Atlantic than any other piece of the American coastline.

因此，这一百英里宽的露脊鲸群穿过楠塔基特岛，这里比美国海岸线的任何其他部分都更深入大西洋。

And so that was an enormous advantage and made the early Nantucket industry incredibly profitable and productive.

因此，这是一个巨大的优势，使早期楠塔基特工业的利润和生产力令人难以置信。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And the story goes that in the late 17th century, some Nantucketers were up on a hill looking out in the ocean, and someone said, "That is a green field in which we will go to prosper." And they had to hire someone, Ichabod Paddock, to teach them how to do it.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：故事是这样的，在 17 世纪末，一些楠塔基特人在一座小山上眺望大海，有人说：“那是一片绿色的田野，我们将在其中走向繁荣。”他们必须聘请伊卡博德·帕多克（Ichabod Paddock）来教他们如何做到这一点。

But they also had a native population, the Wampanoags, who had been harvesting whales that had washed up on the shore for centuries.

但他们也有一个本土人口，万帕诺亚格人，几个世纪以来他们一直在捕捞被冲上海岸的鲸鱼。

And those were the ingredients that led to the blossoming of whaling on Nantucket.

这些就是导致楠塔基特岛捕鲸业蓬勃发展的因素。

Narrator: One last breakthrough remained before whaling on Nantucket could finish taking flight.

旁白：在楠塔基特岛的捕鲸活动完成起飞之前，还剩下最后一个突破。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: About 1712, as legend has it, Captain Christopher Hussey was leading his men out on a short shore whaling voyage to kill some right whales when a storm blew up.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：大约在 1712 年，据传说，克里斯托弗·赫西船长正带领他的部下进行短途海岸捕鲸航行，以捕杀露脊鲸，这时一场风暴爆发了。

And he and his men were blown far offshore.

他和他的手下被吹到了离岸很远的地方。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Far enough where he came across a whale with a different kind of spout he had never seen before.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：足够远，他遇到了一头鲸鱼，它的喷口是他以前从未见过的。

Instead of the right whale's upward spout, this one went forward.

与露脊鲸向上喷水不同的是，这头鲸向前喷出。

He's in the middle of a storm - he kills the whale.

他正处于风暴之中——他杀死了鲸鱼。

The blood and oil of the whale still the waters in a biblical fashion.

鲸鱼的血和油以圣经的方式使水域平静。

Brings it back, and this is the sperm whale, the one with the truly high-grade oil.

带回来，这就是抹香鲸，真正的高级油。

And this was Nantucket's destiny.

这就是楠塔基特岛的命运。

The sperm whale beckoned them beyond where they had been before and they would follow this whale everywhere.

抹香鲸向他们招手，让他们走出以前去过的地方，他们会跟随这头鲸鱼去任何地方。

Narrator: The discovery of sperm whales off the coast of Nantucket sent shock waves rippling through the island community - which almost immediately begin to gird itself - as if for a kind of war.

旁白：在楠塔基特岛海岸附近发现抹香鲸，给整个岛屿社区带来了巨大的冲击波，整个岛屿社区几乎立即开始自我戒备，就像一场战争。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: In the head of the sperm whale is a reservoir of spermaceti.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：抹香鲸的头部有一个鲸脑油储存库。

This is the good stuff; it's as clear as vodka when you first open it up.

这是好东西；当你第一次打开它时，它就像伏特加一样清澈。

But as soon as it touches air, it begins to oxidize and begins to look like sperm.

但一旦接触空气，它就开始氧化并开始看起来像精子。

And so, the sperm whale was the high end of the market - the absolute best oil you could get - and Nantucketers were really leading the way.

因此，抹香鲸是市场的高端——绝对是你能买到的最好的油——而楠塔基特人确实处于领先地位。

Narrator: No one ever mastered the difficult and deadly arts of killing sperm whales more proficiently than the pious, plain-spoken Quakers of Nantucket.

旁白：没有人比楠塔基特岛虔诚、直言不讳的贵格会教徒更熟练地掌握了捕杀抹香鲸的困难而致命的艺术。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: There's something about the Quaker religion that breeds a strength of community that the people in Nantucket were able to build upon.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：贵格会宗教有一些东西孕育了楠塔基特岛人民能够建立的社区力量。

They had a very good business sense.

他们有很好的商业头脑。

They were very hard workers.

他们是非常努力的工人。

They had a cohesive social fabric at home, so when the men went off, the women kept the community running and stable.

他们在家里有一个有凝聚力的社会结构，所以当男人离开时，女人保持社区的运转和稳定。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: There's a spirituality to it; there is a sense of social cement and control; and there's a sense of identity - it's a spiritual endeavor.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：它有一种灵性；它是一种灵性。有一种社会凝聚力和控制感；还有一种认同感——这是一种精神上的努力。

It lent itself to a real religious sense of destiny.

它赋予了一种真正的宗教命运感。

You know, "Quakers with a vengeance," as Melville would call them and I think this was a Quaker war when it came to the sperm whale and it was a little horrifying to see the enthusiasm, and the sort of spiritual ruthlessness, that Nantucketers had when it came to whaling.

你知道，梅尔维尔称他们为“复仇的贵格会教徒”，我认为这是一场关于抹香鲸的贵格会战争，看到楠塔基特人在捕鲸方面的热情和精神上的残酷，有点令人震惊。

Narrator: In the beginning, when the offshore grounds near Nantucket still teemed with pods of sperm whales, the voyages were relatively brief.

旁白：一开始，当楠塔基特岛附近的近海仍然充满了抹香鲸时，航行时间相对较短。

But as the nearshore population dwindled, whaleships began venturing further and further out into the Atlantic, up to Newfoundland and the Davis Straits, out toward the west coast of Africa and down toward the Caribbean, and the equator, and beyond - on voyages of increasing length and duration, made possible by the increasing size of the ships - and, after 1750, by the advent of onboard brick and iron try-works which effectively transformed the vessels into floating factories - unmoored to land, and free to roam ever further afield on longer and longer voyages in pursuit of their prey.

但随着近岸人口的减少，捕鲸船开始越来越远地进入大西洋，到达纽芬兰和戴维斯海峡，向非洲西海岸延伸，向下到达加勒比海、赤道，甚至更远的地方——由于船舶尺寸的不断增大，使得航行的长度和持续时间越来越长——而且，1750年后，随着船上砖和铁试炼工厂的出现，这些工厂有效地将船舶变成了浮动工厂——不系泊在陆地上，为了追寻猎物，它们可以自由地漫游到更远的地方，航程越来越远。

Peleg Folger (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): July 25th, 1752.

佩莱格·福尔格（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：1752 年 7 月 25 日。

In our boats after whales, we struck a yearling.

在捕鲸的船上，我们发现了一头一岁的小鲸鱼。

At the yearling's side the cow always keeps, and presently she was struck likewise and at last we killed her by much lancing.

母牛总是站在一岁牛的身边，不久她也被击中，最后我们用长矛杀死了她。

In her flurry, she made a miserable rack of our boat in a moment.

在她的慌乱中，她立刻把我们的船弄得惨不忍睹。

Yet we were all taken up well and not one man hurt.

然而，我们都被妥善安置，没有一人受伤。

Praise the Lord for His mercies and for His wonderful works to the children of men.

赞美主的怜悯和他对人类儿女的奇妙作为。

Peleg Folger.

法莱格·福尔格.

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Sperm whaling was difficult; it was intricate.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：精子捕鲸很困难；这很复杂。

It required a myriad of skills that you just could not pick up.

它需要大量你无法掌握的技能。

You had to grow up with this, and it began with harpooning the whale.

你必须伴随着这个成长，而这一切都是从用鱼叉捕鲸开始的。

To achieve this is one of the more spectacular athletic endeavors, because you're not only heaving a harpoon.

实现这一目标是一项更壮观的运动努力，因为你不仅仅是举起鱼叉。

You're on a 25- to 30-foot whaleboat, in the middle of the ocean, getting tossed around and you're throwing this at a moving target.

您坐在一艘 25 至 30 英尺长的捕鲸船上，在大海中央，被抛来抛去，然后将其扔向移动目标。

But it's not just killing the whale - you've gotta cut it up, and this is where it becomes more like a factory.

但这不仅仅是杀死鲸鱼——你还得把它切碎，这就是它变得更像一个工厂的地方。

And these people were not just hunters, they were also some of our first factory workers except they were afloat off in the middle of the world, on a ship, cutting up these whales, rendering the oil.

这些人不仅仅是猎人，他们也是我们第一批工厂工人，只不过他们漂浮在世界中部的船上，切割这些鲸鱼，提炼石油。

But then you had to get the whale oil back to market and then sell it.

但随后你必须将鲸油带回市场然后出售。

And so they were also merchants - very sophisticated merchants.

所以他们也是商人——非常老练的商人。

And to top it all off, because you were killing off the whales, you were going to literally uncharted parts of the globe in pursuit of these whales.

最重要的是，因为你正在捕杀鲸鱼，所以你将前往地球上真正未知的地方追捕这些鲸鱼。

And so these people were explorers like none other the world has ever known.

因此，这些人是世界上前所未有的探险家。

And so it's exploration but it's fueled by lethal killing.

所以这是探索，但它的动力是致命的杀戮。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: And Nantucketers took whaling to its highest degree before the American Revolution.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：在美国革命之前，楠塔基特人的捕鲸活动达到了顶峰。

In the years just prior to the American Revolution, there were 360 whaleships leaving from American ports.

在美国独立战争之前的几年里，有 360 艘捕鲸船从美国港口出发。

A hundred and fifty of them were out of Nantucket.

其中一百五十人来自楠塔基特。

And over 50% of the profits that New England earned by selling goods to Old England came from the sale of whale oil and baleen.

新英格兰向老英格兰出售商品所赚取的利润中，有超过 50% 来自鲸油和鲸须的销售。

And, in a very concrete way, the profits earned from whaling helped the colonies become stronger to the point where they were ultimately able to rip away from the mother country.

而且，以一种非常具体的方式，捕鲸所获得的利润帮助殖民地变得更加强大，以至于他们最终能够从母国手中夺走。

D.

D .

Graham Burnett, Historian: There's a fantastic speech given by Edmund Burke in the English Parliament in 1775.

历史学家格雷厄姆·伯内特：埃德蒙·伯克 1775 年在英国议会发表了精彩的演讲。

He takes the floor to announce to his compatriots that they better watch out, because this upstart colony of theirs is running rampant over the world's oceans.

他上台向他的同胞们宣布，他们最好小心，因为他们的这个新兴殖民地正在世界海洋上猖獗。

He says, you know, "We send our sailors as far south as they can go chasing whales, and what do we find there but a bunch of American whalemen.

他说，你知道，“我们把我们的水手派到尽可能远的南方去追逐鲸鱼，但我们在那里除了一群美国捕鲸者之外还发现了什么。

We send our sailors up to the extremest reaches of the poles, and who do we find there?

我们派水手到两极最远的地方，我们在那里找到了谁？

A bunch of American whaling vessels.

一群美国捕鲸船。

No sea," he writes, "but what is vexed by their fishery." So Americans were well-known as a kind of global powerhouse, via the whaling industry, long before they were a global powerhouse geopolitically.

没有大海，”他写道，“但他们的渔业却让他们烦恼不已。”因此，早在美国人成为地缘政治上的全球强国之前，美国人就通过捕鲸业被称为全球强国。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): Thus have these naked Nantucketers, these sea hermits, issuing from their ant hill in the sea, overrun and conquered the watery world like so many Alexanders.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：这些裸体的楠塔基特人，这些海洋隐士，就这样从海上的蚁丘中冒出来，像许多亚历山大一样占领并征服了水世界。

For the sea is his; he owns it, as Emperors own empires.

因为大海是他的；他拥有它，就像皇帝拥有帝国一样。

The Nantucketer, he alone resides and riots on the sea; he alone, in bible language, goes down to the sea in ships.

楠塔基特人，他独自居住并在海上骚乱；用圣经的话来说，他独自乘船下海。

There is his home; there lies his business.

那儿就是他的家；这就是他的事。

For years he knows not the land; so that when he comes to it at last, it smells like another world, more strangely than the moon would to an Earthsman.

多年来他对这片土地一无所知；因此，当他最终到达那里时，它闻起来就像另一个世界，比地球人的月亮更奇怪。

With the landless gull, that at sunset folds her wings and is rocked to sleep between billows; so at nightfall, the Nantucketer, out of sight of land, furls his sails, and lays him to his rest, while under his very pillow rush herds of walruses and whales.

与无地的海鸥一起，日落时收起翅膀，在波涛间摇晃入睡；因此，夜幕降临时，楠塔基特号在看不见陆地的地方，收起帆，让他休息，而他的枕头下却涌动着成群的海象和鲸鱼。

Herman Melville.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔.

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: The American Revolution had a devastating impact on the whaling industry.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：美国革命对捕鲸业产生了毁灭性的影响。

Whaleships were destroyed, at port and at sea, at an alarming rate.

港口和海上的捕鲸船以惊人的速度被毁。

Nantucket, which had 150 whaleships before the American Revolution, had fewer than 30 at war's end.

楠塔基特岛在美国独立战争前拥有 150 艘捕鲸船，到战争结束时数量已不足 30 艘。

Lisa Norling, Historian: Nantucket was hit really hard by the Revolution.

丽莎·诺林（Lisa Norling），历史学家：楠塔基特岛受到革命的严重打击。

Their closest economic ties were with London, which was the major market for their whale oil and other whaling products.

他们与伦敦有着最密切的经济联系，伦敦是他们鲸油和其他捕鲸产品的主要市场。

And they tried really hard to stay neutral and they couldn't.

他们非常努力地保持中立，但他们做不到。

Narrator: Some Nantucket merchants, seeking safer havens, now began to shift their base of operations to new ports on the mainland - including a sleepy seaside hamlet on the Massachusetts shore, called Dartmouth.

旁白：一些楠塔基特商人为了寻求更安全的避风港，现在开始将他们的业务基地转移到大陆上的新港口，其中包括马萨诸塞州海岸上一个名为达特茅斯的宁静海滨小村庄。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: After the American Revolution when some of the most successful whaling merchants of all decided to depart from Nantucket and settle in what later became New Bedford, they helped that small town rise to become the greatest whaling city of the 19th century.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：美国独立战争后，一些最成功的捕鲸商人决定离开楠塔基特岛并定居在后来的新贝德福德，他们帮助这个小镇崛起成为 19 世纪最伟大的捕鲸城市。

Narrator: The American whaling fleet was just beginning to recover in the winter of 1790, when news reached Nantucket that a British whaleship, the Amelia , had rounded the horn of South America for the first time and breached the deep green waters of the Pacific.

旁白：1790年冬天，美国捕鲸船队刚刚开始恢复，当时有消息传到楠塔基特岛，一艘英国捕鲸船阿米莉亚号首次绕过南美洲之角，闯入太平洋深绿色的海水。

No event since the discovery of sperm whales off the coast of Nantucket would have a more seismic impact on the industry.

自从在楠塔基特岛海岸发现抹香鲸以来，没有任何事件会对这个行业产生如此巨大的影响。

Lisa Norling, Historian: 1790, they round Cape Horn; whalemen go into the Pacific, enormously rich whaling grounds.

丽莎·诺林 (Lisa Norling)，历史学家：1790 年，他们绕过合恩角；捕鲸者进入太平洋，那里是极其丰富的捕鲸场。

They find tons of sperm whales and other whales that are enormously lucrative.

他们发现了大量的抹香鲸和其他鲸鱼，利润丰厚。

But to get there takes a long time.

但要到达那里需要很长时间。

And, once you're there, you're there for a long time.

而且，一旦你到了那里，你就会在那里待很长时间。

And so instead of voyages being kind of seasonal - being three months, five months, six months - they're now years in duration.

因此，航行不再是季节性的——三个月、五个月、六个月——而是持续数年。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: By 1820, and whaling was taking off at a time when the rest of the country was in economic depression.

作家纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克 (Nathaniel Philbrick)：到 1820 年，捕鲸业开始兴起，而当时该国其他地区正处于经济萧条时期。

So that Nantucket was poised to enter what would become its golden age where the entire Pacific would become its backyard.

因此，楠塔基特岛即将进入黄金时代，整个太平洋将成为它的后院。

This is a country poised to become what America would eventually become: a world power.

这是一个即将成为美国最终成为的国家：世界强国。

And this was now a state-of-the-art industry.

这现在是一个最先进的行业。

I mean, the ships - we think of them as square-rigged, quaint little crafts - but these things were state-of-the-art, decades in development.

我的意思是，这些船只——我们认为它们是方形装备的、古怪的小工艺品——但这些东西是最先进的，已经开发了几十年。

They were not only the perfect factory ship for rendering the oil, they could go anywhere.

它们不仅是提炼石油的完美工厂船，而且可以去任何地方。

They were magnificent exploration vessels, and they lasted pretty darn long under horrible conditions.

它们是宏伟的勘探船，在恶劣的条件下持续了相当长的时间。

One of these ships could sail up to a Pacific atoll, could stand by as three whaleboats went out and brought back a 60-ton whale, and yet it was also a home for several dozen men for three, four years.

其中一艘船可以航行到太平洋环礁，可以在三艘捕鲸船出海并带回一头60吨鲸鱼时待命，但它也是几十个人的家，可以住上三四年。

And so, they were the spaceships of their day, where they could travel to unknown worlds, killing whales and rendering the oil.

因此，它们是当时的宇宙飞船，可以前往未知的世界，捕杀鲸鱼并提炼石油。

This was a technology that I think is much more like what we're thinking in terms of, "What if we have to leave this planet, and, you know, go to other solar systems?" Well, the Nantucketers were doing it in the 19th century.

我认为这项技术更像是我们所思考的，“如果我们必须离开这个星球，并且，你知道，去其他太阳系怎么办？”嗯，楠塔基特人在 19 世纪就这么做了。

And the universe for America at that point was the Pacific, and the Nantucketers were the true astronauts of American history.

当时美国的宇宙是太平洋，楠塔基特人是美国历史上真正的宇航员。

Narrator: By the second decade of the 19th century, American whaling and America itself were poised on the brink of an astonishing era of growth and expansion - the ships pushing ever further out across the globe on voyages of increasing length and duration - seventy vessels a year leaving Nantucket alone - destined for unknown waters on the far side of the world.

旁白：到了 19 世纪的第二个十年，美国捕鲸业和美国本身正处于一个惊人的增长和扩张时代的边缘——船只在全球范围内航行的距离和持续时间越来越长——每年有 70 艘船只离开楠塔基特岛——目的地是世界另一端的未知水域。

But of all the ships launched from all the ports during whaling's hectic golden age, none would cast a longer shadow over the memory of American whaling than the voyage of the Essex , which set sail from Nantucket on a sultry August afternoon in the summer of 1819.

但在捕鲸业繁忙的黄金时代，从所有港口出发的所有船只中，没有哪艘船比埃塞克斯号的航行更能给美国捕鲸业的记忆蒙上阴影，这艘船于 1819 年夏天一个闷热的八月下午从楠塔基特岛起航。

Gideon Folger and Paul Macy (Philip Bosco, voice-over): Captain Pollard: As thou art master of the Ship Essex now lying without the bar at anchor, our orders are, that thou shouldst proceed to sea the first fair wind and proceed for the Pacific Ocean, and endeavour to obtain a load of sperm oil and when accomplished to make the best dispatch for this place.

吉迪恩·福尔格和保罗·梅西（菲利普·博斯科，画外音）：波拉德船长：由于您是埃塞克斯号船的船长，现在没有锚杆停泊，我们的命令是，您应该在第一股顺风中出海，前往太平洋，并努力获得一船精油，并在完成后为这个地方做出最好的调度。

Wishing thee a short and prosperous voyage.

祝您旅途短暂而顺利。

The owners of the Ship Essex, Gideon Folger and Paul Macy.

埃塞克斯号的船主吉迪恩·福尔格和保罗·梅西。

Thomas Nickerson (Vincent Kartheiser, voice-over): August 12th, 1819.

托马斯·尼克森（文森特·卡塞瑟，画外音）：1819 年 8 月 12 日。

As the land receded from our view and sunk beneath a western horizon, there seemed a sudden gloom to spread over me as I for the first time realized that I was alone upon a wide and an unfeeling world, without one relative or friend to bestow one kind word upon me.

当大地从我们的视野中退去，沉入西方地平线之下时，一种突然的阴郁似乎笼罩了我，因为我第一次意识到我独自一人在广阔而无情的世界上，没有一个亲戚或朋友对我说一句善意的话。

Thomas Nickerson.

托马斯·尼克森.

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: When you look at the map of the Atlantic, there were ways you had to go.

作家纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick）：当你查看大西洋地图时，你会发现有些路你必须走。

The prevailing winds blew you to the east, and so you would follow those to the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands, where Nantucketers would often load up with provisions because they could get them much more cheaply than they could in New England.

盛行风把你吹向东方，所以你会跟随这些风到亚速尔群岛和佛得角群岛，楠塔基特人经常在那里装载粮食，因为他们比新英格兰便宜得多。

And then they would begin to head south, down towards Cape Horn, trying to find whales all the way.

然后他们开始向南航行，前往合恩角，一路寻找鲸鱼。

And the Essex had a fairly typical run with one great exception.

埃塞克斯号的运行相当典型，但有一个很大的例外。

Narrator: Two days after leaving port, the ship was struck by a sudden squall so violent it knocked her on her beam ends, ripping away the main top gallant sail, and almost sending her to the bottom.

旁白：离开港口两天后，这艘船遭遇了一场突如其来的狂风袭击，其猛烈程度使她撞到了船梁末端，撕掉了主帆，几乎让她沉入海底。

The ship righted herself at the last moment but not before three whaleboats were damaged or destroyed.

该船在最后一刻恢复了平衡，但在此之前三艘捕鲸船受损或被摧毁。

The Essex sailed on, but sea-worthy replacements for the damaged vessels were never found.

埃塞克斯号继续航行，但从未找到适合海上的受损船只的替代品。

By January 1820, following a month-long battle with gale force winds and bitter weather around Cape Horn, they had finally rounded the southern tip of South America, and entered the warm, sun-drenched waters of the Pacific.

到 1820 年 1 月，在合恩角周围与强风和严酷天气进行了长达一个月的战斗后，他们终于绕过了南美洲南端，进入了温暖、阳光普照的太平洋水域。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And it's suddenly warm, blue, sunny and the Essex had emerged from the darkness of the Horn and all of that pain and terror of the knockdown.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：突然间，天气变得温暖、蔚蓝、阳光明媚，埃塞克斯号从号角的黑暗以及被击倒的所有痛苦和恐惧中浮现出来。

Well, they quickly come across some whaleships that say, "No, the whaling isn't very good here - it's not so good at all.

好吧，他们很快就遇到了一些捕鲸船，这些捕鲸船说：“不，这里的捕鲸业不太好——一点也不太好。

We're beginning to fish out the west coast of South America.

我们开始在南美洲西海岸捕鱼。

But there is a newly discovered whaling ground - the offshore ground - thousands of miles out, farther than the Essex has ever gone.

但有一个新发现的捕鲸场——近海场地——在数千英里之外，比埃塞克斯号曾经到达过的地方还要远。

We're going to go for it." I think some stomachs must have rumbled with that: "Whoa, that's where we're going?

我们会全力以赴。”我想有些人的胃一定会咕咕叫：“哇，这就是我们要去的地方？

On this relatively little ship, we're going to the offshore ground - between 2,000 and 3,000 miles out." I mean, that is far out.

在这艘相对较小的船上，我们将前往离岸 2,000 到 3,000 英里的地方。”我的意思是，那还很遥远。

And this was early in Pacific whaling.

这是太平洋捕鲸活动的早期。

I mean, this is when all the islands that would become very well-known to whalemen are entirely unknown - only known to them through rumors - rumors of cannibals.

我的意思是，此时所有鲸鱼所熟知的岛屿都完全不为人所知——他们只能通过谣言——食人者的谣言来了解。

And the offshore ground takes you right up in that vicinity.

离岸地面会将您带到该附近。

The Marquesas, Tahiti, sounds great to us today, but back then, who knew?

马克萨斯群岛、塔希提岛，今天对我们来说听起来很棒，但在当时，谁知道呢？

Narrator: In October 1820, with 850 barrels of oil in the hold and 550 still to go, George Pollard ordered the helmsman to steer the Essex west - out into the vast and trackless wilderness of the Pacific, heading toward the offshore grounds, looking for whales.

旁白：1820 年 10 月，船舱里还有 850 桶石油，还有 550 桶石油尚未运出，乔治·波拉德命令舵手驾驶“埃塞克斯号”向西航行，驶入太平洋广阔无路的荒野，驶向近海，寻找鲸鱼。

Lisa Norling, Historian: I think that one of the really fascinating things that makes seafaring in general and whaling in particular so fascinating is what it's like to be at sea.

丽莎·诺林（Lisa Norling），历史学家：我认为，让航海尤其是捕鲸如此令人着迷的真正令人着迷的事情之一就是在海上的感觉。

And you're out there and all of the reference points that you're used to on land are gone.

当你到了那里，你在陆地上习惯的所有参考点都消失了。

And there's a way in which time and space kind of merge.

时间和空间有一种融合的方式。

The romantics in the 18th century and early 19th century often referred to the sea and voyages as the closest you could get to the sublime, because it really is transcendent, that experience of being sort of without reference points on this fluid medium with just the horizon and so there's a sense that you're much closer to the eternal.

18 世纪和 19 世纪初的浪漫主义者经常将海洋和航行称为最接近崇高的地方，因为它确实是超然的，那种在只有地平线的流体介质上没有参考点的体验，所以有一种感觉，你更接近永恒。

Daniel Vickers, Historian: Most of the time they were doing nothing.

历史学家丹尼尔·维克斯：大多数时候他们什么也不做。

There was a culture onboard a whaling ship which had to accommodate itself to long periods of deep inactivity and then short periods of extraordinarily high activity.

捕鲸船上有一种文化，必须适应长时间的深度不活动和短期的异常活跃。

I mean, right around the clock, no pause for anything.

我的意思是，全天候，没有任何停顿。

Brutal, backbreaking work.

残酷、劳累的工作。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: People sometimes marvel at the skill set that one needs to have to go whaling - the courage and the acuity, alertness, and the physical stamina.

斯图尔特·弗兰克（Stuart Frank），新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：人们有时会对捕鲸所需的技能感到惊讶——勇气、敏锐度、警觉性和体力。

I think it's no different, really, than marveling at the skill set one needs to be a successful soldier under tremendous pressure.

我认为这实际上与惊叹于在巨大压力下成为一名成功的士兵所需的技能没有什么不同。

And, in fact, there have been psychologists who've reflected on the post-traumatic stress dimensions of whaling voyages, likening them to experiences in wartime because of the level of stress.

事实上，已经有心理学家反思了捕鲸航行的创伤后压力维度，将其比作战时的经历，因为压力水平。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Well, you know, you're on a typical whaling vessel in the middle of the Pacific.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：嗯，你知道，你在太平洋中部的一艘典型捕鲸船上。

And everybody's bored and just sitting around when one of the lookouts sees a whale.

当其中一个瞭望员看到鲸鱼时，每个人都感到无聊，只是坐在那里。

"Thar she blows!" And, suddenly, this whaleship becomes a furious center of activity, as they ready the whaleboats.

“她吹了！”突然间，当他们准备好捕鲸船时，这艘捕鲸船变成了一个激烈的活动中心。

A good crew could get their whaleboat ready to go in under a minute, and put it in the water, and off they go, rowing furiously.

优秀的船员可以在一分钟之内让他们的捕鲸船做好入海准备，并将其放入水中，然后他们就出发，疯狂地划动。

Six men per whaleboat, out towards the whale.

每艘捕鲸船有六人，朝着鲸鱼出发。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: The officer would be in the back, steering, and the men would be rowing.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：军官将在后面掌舵，而男人们将划船。

They could go about 6 knots under oars.

他们可以在桨下行驶约 6 节。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: You're closing on a whale.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：你正在接近一头鲸鱼。

And you're trying to be absolutely quiet, because you don't want the whale to know you're there.

你试图保持绝对安静，因为你不想让鲸鱼知道你在那里。

And so the mate is whispering to his crew, urging his men on in hushed whispers, usually with plenty of swear words, telling 'em to hurry up.

因此，大副正在对他的船员低声说话，小声地催促他的手下，通常是用大量的脏话，告诉他们快点。

And you can hear it breathe when it surfaces.

当它浮出水面时，你可以听到它的呼吸声。

And it's a very human sound.

这是一种非常人性化的声音。

And there was an awful stench associated with it as well.

而且还有一种可怕的恶臭与之相关。

And the only one who can actually see this whale is the mate at the steering oar.

唯一能真正看到这头鲸鱼的是掌舵桨的大副。

And as they're rowing, they're exhausted.

当他们划船时，他们已经筋疲力尽了。

And finally they approach, where it's time to throw the harpoon.

最后他们接近了，是时候扔鱼叉了。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: And the officer would cry out, "Stand up and give it to him!"

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：军官会喊道：“站起来，把它交给他！”

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: The harpooneer stands up, takes up the harpoon.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：鱼叉手站起来，拿起鱼叉。

And there he sees it - the whale - black immensity of a creature.

在那里他看到了它——鲸鱼——一种巨大的黑色生物。

And he knows that when he throws this thing, he's gonna turn this passive, sixty-ton monster into an infuriated beast.

他知道，当他扔出这个东西时，他会将这个被动的六十吨怪物变成一头愤怒的野兽。

And there were many a first-time harpooneer who would literally faint when presented with this option.

许多第一次使用标枪的人在面对这个选项时简直会晕倒。

But if he didn't faint, he threw the harpoon.

但如果他没有晕倒的话，他就把鱼叉扔了出去。

Margaret Creighton, Historian: And I think this moment - when you are attaching a harpoon to the whale - that's the moment of crisis.

历史学家玛格丽特·克赖顿：我认为这一刻——当你把鱼叉绑在鲸鱼身上时——那就是危机时刻。

And that's the moment that some of these men find so compelling that they actually return to this work again and again.

正是在这个时刻，其中一些人发现如此引人注目，以至于他们实际上一次又一次地回到这项工作。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: The whale could have one of three reactions: it might turn around and smash up the boat; it might dive deep to the bottom; but, most commonly, it would just take off across the surface, towing the boat behind it.

梅尔维尔学者伯考·爱德华兹（Bercaw Edwards）：鲸鱼可能会做出以下三种反应之一：它可能会转身并撞毁船；它可能会潜入海底深处；但最常见的是，它只是从水面起飞，拖着后面的船。

Anywhere from, say, 20 minutes to over 24 hours.

比如说，20 分钟到 24 小时以上。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Sperm whales can go up to 20 miles an hour.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克 (Nathaniel Philbrick)，作家：抹香鲸的飞行速度可达每小时 20 英里。

And here they are, on a 25-foot open boat, getting dragged along on what became known as a Nantucket sleighride.

他们坐在一艘 25 英尺长的敞篷船上，被拖着乘坐楠塔基特雪橇。

They're pinned to the flanks of this whale, and the whale begins to exhaust itself.

它们被固定在鲸鱼的侧腹上，鲸鱼开始精疲力尽。

And now they have to get themselves to within stabbing distance of the creature.

现在他们必须让自己处于该生物的刺杀距离之内。

So they gradually begin to pull in the harpoon line.

于是他们逐渐开始拉鱼叉线。

By this time, the mate has changed places with the harpooneer, because the mate always gets the honor of the kill.

这时，大副已经和标枪手交换了位置，因为大副总是获得击杀的荣誉。

And he takes up the killing lance, with which they would try to get what was known as the "life of the whale" where the coiled arteries are near where the lungs are.

他拿起杀戮长矛，他们将试图用它来获得所谓的“鲸鱼的生命”，那里的盘绕动脉靠近肺部。

And so he begins to stab this creature with this long killing lance.

于是他开始用这把致命的长矛刺向这个生物。

Margaret Creighton, Historian: This killing is something that demands respect.

历史学家玛格丽特·克赖顿：这场杀戮需要尊重。

And it also is a moment of continuing danger too.

这也是一个持续危险的时刻。

Boats are stove right and left, men are thrown into the water, jaws emerge and clamp down on boats with regularity.

船左右摇摆，人被扔进水里，下巴有规律地出现并夹住船。

Mayhem, when this boat is stove, or shattered to pieces, or blown to bits in the air.

混乱，当这艘船被火炉烧毁时，要么被打碎，要么在空中被炸成碎片。

And there is nothing like it.

没有什么比这更好的了。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: He wouldn't aim for the heart, because it was too deeply buried in the whale - nor for the brain, because it was encased in too much skull - but, instead, aim for the very large lungs that lie right on the surface of the back.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：他不会瞄准心脏，因为心脏埋在鲸鱼体内太深了，也不会瞄准大脑，因为它被太多的头骨包裹着，而是瞄准了位于背部表面的非常大的肺部。

And, basically, he's trying to cut them up, so that the whale can't breathe very well.

基本上，他试图把它们切碎，这样鲸鱼就不能很好地呼吸。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And it often took fifteen attempts at finding the life of the whale, and so all this blood is just flowing down.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：通常需要十五次尝试才能找到鲸鱼的生命，所以所有这些血都流了下来。

It's a river of gore.

这是一条血腥的河流。

Until, finally, he finds the life, and the whale begins to choke on its own blood.

直到最后，他找到了生命，鲸鱼开始被自己的血窒息。

And so a geyser of gore would erupt.

于是，一股血腥的间歇泉就会爆发。

They would yell out, "Chimney's afire!" And, often, they were drenched with the whale's blood.

他们会大喊：“烟囱着火了！”而且，它们常常沾满鲸鱼的血。

And they knew this meant that the whale was going to die.

他们知道这意味着鲸鱼即将死亡。

And so they would disengage themselves, move back, and watch as the whale would go into what was known as its "flurry." Where it would begin to swim in ever-tightening circles, vomiting squid and whatever it had eaten.

因此，他们会脱离接触，向后退，看着鲸鱼进入所谓的“混乱”状态。在那里，它会开始绕着越来越紧的圈子游动，吐出鱿鱼和它吃过的任何东西。

And then it would suddenly die and lie there, fin up, in a pool of its own blood and vomit.

然后它会突然死掉，鳍朝上，躺在自己的血泊中并呕吐。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: It's such a savage, brutal way to kill something.

梅尔维尔学者伯考·爱德华兹（Bercaw Edwards）：这是一种野蛮、残忍的杀人方式。

It's not a quick death; it's a long, drawn-out, nasty death.

这不是快速的死亡；而是快速的死亡。这是一场漫长、漫长、令人厌恶的死亡。

And eventually, the whale would just die.

最终，鲸鱼就会死去。

One fin would come out, and they would call that "fin out."

一只鳍会伸出来，他们称之为“鳍伸出”。

And then they would have to row back to the ship, towing this huge, inert mass.

然后他们必须拖着这个巨大的、惰性的物体划回船上。

An average whale was 40 to 60 tons, but they could sometimes be up to 85 tons.

鲸鱼的平均重量为 40 至 60 吨，但有时可达 85 吨。

And they could average only about one mile per hour towing the whale.

他们平均每小时只能拖拽鲸鱼约一英里。

Often five miles was a pretty common distance.

通常五英里是一个相当常见的距离。

Because the horizon of a whaleboat is about five miles but, at times, even further than that.

因为捕鲸船的地平线大约是五英里，但有时甚至比这更远。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: It was often dark by the time they finally made it back to the ship.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：当他们最终回到船上时，天已经黑了。

And you tie it up to the ship, and in the next three days begin to peel the blubber from this huge creature.

你把它绑在船上，在接下来的三天里开始剥这个巨大生物的鲸脂。

And it's been compared to peeling an orange.

这就像剥橙子一样。

What you do is, you hack out a piece where you put a large hook that is suspended from the mast, and you then hack around it to create the blanket piece.

你所做的就是，你砍出一块，在其中放置一个悬挂在桅杆上的大钩子，然后你围绕它砍伐以创建毯子块。

It's about five feet wide, and you begin to tear this piece of blubber.

它大约有五英尺宽，你开始撕掉这块鲸脂。

And the blubber is about six inches thick.

鲸脂大约有六英寸厚。

It's not like our kind of fat - it's a very hard, fibrous material.

它不像我们的脂肪——它是一种非常坚硬的纤维材料。

And they're cutting it away, as they peel up this blanket piece.

当他们剥开这块毯子时，他们正在把它剪掉。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: And they stripped the blubber off the whale so the whale's slowly turning in the water, and the weight of just the blubber is pulling the whole ship over, so that it feels like the masts are gonna come out of her, because of the pressure of just lifting that one piece of blubber.

贝尔考·爱德华兹，梅尔维尔学者：他们剥掉了鲸鱼的鲸脂，这样鲸鱼就在水中慢慢地转动，仅鲸脂的重量就将整艘船拉了过来，所以感觉桅杆就要从她身上掉下来了，因为仅仅抬起那一块鲸脂就会产生压力。

And then they'll cut off the bottom of the piece of blubber, and it weighs about a ton when it's cut off.

然后他们会切掉鲸脂的底部，切下来后重约一吨。

And, as they cut it off, it snaps across, and the whole ship moves quickly.

而且，当他们切断它时，它突然穿过，整艘船迅速移动。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Finally they peel it all, and then they have to decapitate the whale.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：最后他们把它全部剥了，然后他们不得不斩首鲸鱼。

And you bring up the head and you put it on the deck, put a hole in the head, and sometimes one, two people go inside to ladle out this oil from the head, and the deck is just messy with oil and blood.

然后你把头抬起来，放在甲板上，在头上打一个洞，有时一两个人进去把头上的油舀出来，甲板上到处都是油和血。

And by this time, you're beginning to light the fires for the try-works and you have pieces of blubber that have been cut into small pieces, fan-like sections known as "bible leaves." They throw this into the try-pot and it starts to bring it down into oil.

这时，你开始为尝试工作生火，并且你已经得到了被切成小块的鲸脂碎片，扇状的部分被称为“圣经叶子”。他们将其放入试锅中，试锅开始将其分解成油。

And it's bubbling and all the crispy bits, known as the cracklings, float to the top.

它正在冒泡，所有松脆的碎片（称为脆皮）都会浮到顶部。

And as they float to the top, and the fires are really going, they start to use the cracklings instead of wood.

当它们浮到顶部时，火确实在燃烧，他们开始使用噼啪声而不是木头。

And so this whale is rendered with fires that are stoked with its own body.

因此，这头鲸鱼是用它自己的身体点燃的火焰来渲染的。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: And they get covered with the thick, greasy smoke, which smells just horrible.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：它们被浓浓的油腻烟雾覆盖，闻起来很可怕。

Melville says, in Moby Dick , that it smelled like the "left wing of the Day of Judgment; it was an argument for the pit."

梅尔维尔在《白鲸记》中说，它闻起来像“审判日的左翼；这是对坑的争论”。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: It would go on for days at a time.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：这种情况一次会持续好几天。

And they were completely exhausted by the end of it - and clean up the ship, as if nothing had ever happened, and go out again.

到最后他们已经精疲力竭了——清理了船，就好像什么也没发生过一样，然后又出去了。

Josh Hamilton, voice-over: A trying-out scene has something peculiarly wild and savage in it, a kind of indescribable uncouthness.

乔什·汉密尔顿（画外音）：试训的场景里有一种特别狂野和野蛮的东西，一种难以形容的粗鲁。

There is a murderous appearance about the bloodstained decks, and the huge masses of flesh and blubber lying here and there, and a ferocity in the looks of the men, heightened by the red fierce glare of the fires.

血迹斑斑的甲板上充满了杀戮的气息，到处都是大量的血肉和鲸脂，人们的表情充满了凶猛，在红色的猛烈火光的映衬下更加显得凶猛。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Well, November 20th, 1820, the Essex was about almost 3,000 miles off the coast of South America.

作家纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克 (Nathaniel Philbrick)：嗯，1820 年 11 月 20 日，埃塞克斯号距离南美洲海岸约 3,000 英里。

They're almost smack-dab on the equator.

它们几乎就在赤道上。

It's a beautiful day.

这是美好的一天。

Perfect day for killing whales - not much wind, sunny - and there is a pod of whales to leeward.

捕鲸的最佳日子 - 风不大，阳光明媚 - 下风处有一群鲸鱼。

And they send out their three whaleboats.

他们派出了三艘捕鲸船。

And Owen Chase, in his whaleboat, gets a whale.

欧文·蔡斯在他的捕鲸船上捕到了一头鲸鱼。

But the whale slaps the side of the whaleboat with its tail, opens up a seam, and they have to let go of the whale and go back to the ship to repair the vessel.

但鲸鱼用尾巴拍打了捕鲸船的侧面，打开了一条缝，他们不得不放开鲸鱼，回到船上修理船只。

Narrator: Two miles off the windward side of the ship, Captain Pollard and the second mate had also fastened onto whales and were being dragged towards the horizon.

旁白：在离船迎风面两英里处，波拉德船长和二副也被绑在鲸鱼身上，被拖向地平线。

Back on the Essex , Chase and his men hoisted their damaged boat up onto the deck, and set to work repairing it.

回到埃塞克斯号，蔡斯和他的手下将受损的船吊到甲板上，并开始修复。

It was 8:30 in the morning.

当时是早上 8 点 30 分。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And so Chase is putting a piece of canvas on the broken portion of the whaleboat.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：所以蔡斯正在把一块帆布放在捕鲸船的破损部分上。

Tommy Nickerson - who's had a birthday, so he's all of 15 - is at the helm.

掌舵人是汤米·尼克森 (Tommy Nickerson)，他刚刚过生日，所以他已经 15 岁了。

And he's ordered to steer the vessel down towards the other whaleboats when they notice something, a very large sperm whale.

当其他捕鲸船发现有东西时，他被命令驾驶船只朝其他捕鲸船驶去，这是一头非常大的抹香鲸。

Biggest whale they've seen so far.

他们迄今为止见过的最大的鲸鱼。

Eighty feet long - eighty-five feet long - as long as the ship itself.

八十英尺长——八十五英尺长——和船本身一样长。

And it's behaving oddly.

而且它的行为很奇怪。

It's just sitting on the surface of the water, with its head pointed towards the side of the vessel.

它只是坐在水面上，头指向船的一侧。

And no one's too concerned, but then this whale begins to move towards the ship - dives down.

没人太担心，但随后这头鲸鱼开始向船移动——潜入水中。

But when it surfaces, it's picked up speed and this huge block-like head is pointed right towards the side of the Essex .

但当它浮出水面时，它的速度加快了，这个巨大的块状头部正指向埃塞克斯号的侧面。

The men realize what's happening and shout out to Tommy Nickerson to hard up the helm, in an attempt at an evasive maneuver, but it's too late.

船员们意识到发生了什么事，并向汤米·尼克森大喊，让他加紧舵轮，试图规避，但为时已晚。

Thomas Nickerson (Vincent Kartheiser, voice-over): I heard a loud cry from several voices at once, followed by a tremendous crash.

托马斯·尼克森（文森特·卡塞瑟，画外音）：我听到几个声音同时大声喊叫，然后是一声巨大的撞击声。

The whale had struck the ship with his head at the waters edge with such force as to shock every man upon his feet.

鲸鱼的头部在水边撞击了船只，其力量之大足以震慑每一个站起来的人。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: The whale goes underneath the ship, begins to surface, knocks the vessel side to side as if they're in the middle of an earthquake.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：鲸鱼潜入船底，开始浮出水面，将船左右撞击，就好像它们正处于地震中一样。

And then it surfaces on the starboard side of the ship - head towards the bow, tail towards the stern.

然后它在船的右舷浮出水面——头朝船头，尾朝船尾。

It's just knocked out.

它刚刚被淘汰了。

It's so close that Chase takes up the killing lance, and motions to kill this huge creature.

距离如此之近，蔡斯拿起了杀戮长矛，示意要杀死这个巨大的生物。

But then, he relents.

但后来，他态度软化了。

He notices that the tail of the whale was within inches of the rudder.

他注意到鲸鱼的尾巴距离舵只有几英寸。

And, if provoked, this creature could take out the steering device and they'd be in big trouble, thousands of miles from land.

而且，如果被激怒，这种生物可能会破坏转向装置，他们就会在距离陆地数千英里的地方遇到大麻烦。

But if Chase knew what was about to happen next, he would have risked the rudder, because suddenly, this huge creature springs to life, swims several hundred yards to leeward and does a behavior typical of an infuriated bull sperm whale - snaps its jaws with a percussive force that can be heard for miles.

但如果蔡斯知道接下来会发生什么，他就会冒着舵的危险，因为突然间，这个巨大的生物复活了，向下风游了数百码，并做出了愤怒的公抹香鲸的典型行为——用几英里外都能听到的撞击力咬断下巴。

And then it takes off again, swimming ahead of the ship, turns around and comes straight at the bow of the Essex.

然后它再次起飞，游到船的前面，掉头直奔埃塞克斯号的船头。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): I turned around and saw him about one hundred rods directly ahead of us, coming down with twice his ordinary speed, and it appeared with tenfold fury and vengeance in his aspect.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：我转过身，看到他在我们正前方大约一百杆处，以两倍于平常的速度下降，他的外表显得十倍的愤怒和复仇。

The surf flew in all directions about him with the continual violent thrashing of his tail.

海浪从他周围四面八方飞来，伴随着他的尾巴不断猛烈的拍打。

His head about half out of water, and in that way he came upon us, and again struck the ship.

他的头大约一半露出水面，就这样他来到了我们身边，再次撞到了船。

Owen Chase.

欧文·蔡斯。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And the whale slams into the bow of ship, crushing it like an eggshell.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：鲸鱼猛烈撞击船头，像蛋壳一样将其压碎。

And even, according to one account, driving this 283-ton vessel backwards.

据一种说法，甚至可以让这艘 283 吨的船只倒退。

It eventually disengages its head from the fractured timbers of the bow and swims off, never to be heard from again.

它最终将头从弓的断裂木材中脱离出来，游走了，再也没有听到过。

For these men, this was unimaginable - where the creature that you always assume is sort of passively out there, that is your prey, turns you into the hunted.

对于这些人来说，这是难以想象的——你一直认为是被动地在那里的生物，也就是你的猎物，却把你变成了猎物。

I mean, this was unbelievable.

我的意思是，这太令人难以置信了。

And the ship is now sinking, very quickly, bow first.

现在船正在下沉，速度非常快，先鞠躬。

They have one spare whaleboat.

他们有一艘备用捕鲸船。

They begin to frantically try to rig it up.

他们开始疯狂地尝试组装它。

And as they do that, the African-American steward goes down below - even as the ship fills with water - and comes up with some navigational guides and compasses.

当他们这样做时，这位非裔美国管家会潜到船下——即使船已经注满了水——并拿出了一些导航指南和指南针。

And as he makes his way to the deck, the ship is beginning to cant towards the port side.

当他走向甲板时，船开始向左舷倾斜。

The men have taken the spare whaleboat to the edge.

人们已经把备用捕鲸船带到了边缘。

The ship's about to flip on top of them.

船即将翻转压在他们身上。

Everybody tumbles in and they row away as fast as they can.

每个人都跌入水中，然后以最快的速度划开。

And they were just two boat lengths away when, with an appalling groan, the ship capsizes.

就在距离他们只有两艘船的距离时，随着一声可怕的呻吟，船翻了。

And it doesn't sink - it just lays there, on the side of the water.

它不会下沉——它只是躺在那里，在水的一侧。

And the emotions that these men must have had looking at- this was their home.

这些人看到这里一定有这样的情感——这就是他们的家。

This was how they were going to get back to Nantucket.

这就是他们返回楠塔基特岛的方式。

And it wasn't going to get them back to Nantucket.

这不会让他们回到楠塔基特岛。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): The captain's boat was the first that reached us.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：船长的船是第一个到达我们身边的。

He stopped about a boat's length off, but had no power to utter a single syllable; he was so completely overpowered with the spectacle before him.

他停在了大约一条船的距离处，但没有力气说出一个音节。他完全被眼前的景象压倒了。

He was in a short time, however, enabled to address the inquiry to me, "My God, Mr. Chase, what is the matter?" I answered, "We have been stove by a whale."

然而，他很快就向我询问了：“天哪，蔡斯先生，出了什么事？”我回答说：“我们被鲸鱼烤焦了。”

Thomas Nickerson (Vincent Kartheiser, voice-over): Here lay our beautiful ship, a floating and dismal wreck, which but a few minutes before appeared in all her glory, the pride and boast of her captain and officers, and almost idolized by her crew.

托马斯·尼克森（文森特·卡塞瑟，画外音）：这里躺着我们美丽的船，一艘漂浮的、惨淡的残骸，就在几分钟前，它还展现出她所有的荣耀、船长和军官们的自豪和夸耀，几乎被她的船员们崇拜。

Thomas Nickerson.

托马斯·尼克森.

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): November 20th, 1820.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：1820 年 11 月 20 日。

Amazement and despair now wholly took possession of us.

惊讶和绝望现在完全占据了我们。

We contemplated the frightful situation the ship lay in, and thought with horror upon the sudden and dreadful calamity that had overtaken us.

我们凝视着这艘船所处的可怕处境，并惊恐地想到我们遭遇的突然而可怕的灾难。

Every countenance was marked with the paleness of despair.

每个人的脸上都写满了绝望的苍白。

The crew of the ship are saved.

船上的船员得救了。

But all that remain to conduct these twenty beings through the stormy terrors of the ocean, perhaps many thousand miles, are three light boats.

但是，引导这二十个人穿过可能有数千英里的暴风雨恐怖的海洋，剩下的就只有三艘轻船了。

Owen Chase.

欧文·蔡斯。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: The whaling industry definitely spread out in waves throughout the world.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：捕鲸业无疑是在世界范围内一波又一波地蔓延。

And as nearshore populations became depleted, they had to go farther offshore to find a profitable number of whales to pursue.

随着近岸鲸鱼数量的减少，他们不得不到更远的近海去寻找数量可观的鲸鱼来捕猎。

They find one space, they fish it out, and then they go to the next point of opportunity.

他们找到一个空间，然后把它捞出来，然后再去寻找下一个机会点。

Which is what caused them to radiate outwards, and, ultimately, end up sailing the seven seas, literally, looking for whales.

这就是导致它们向外辐射的原因，并最终在七大洋中航行，字面意思是寻找鲸鱼。

It also caused the voyages to extend from a week, a month, a year, to up to four years was the average during the golden age.

这也导致航行时间从黄金时代的平均一周、一个月、一年延长到四年。

And the all-time record was eleven years.

历史纪录是十一年。

And as more and more whales were taken out of the ocean, just mathematics argued for them to go farther afield, and find new stocks to take advantage of.

随着越来越多的鲸鱼被带出海洋，数学证明它们应该去更远的地方，寻找新的种群来利用。

Narrator: The Essex went down at a crucial moment of flux and change in the history of American whaling, and at the start of the most tumultuous and fateful period of growth and change in the history of the American republic.

旁白：埃塞克斯号沉没的时候正值美国捕鲸历史上动荡和变革的关键时刻，也是美利坚共和国历史上最动荡和最致命的成长和变革时期的开始。

Over the next forty years - from 1820 to the eve of the Civil War - propelled by the forces of a vast Industrial Revolution, the restless young nation once huddled along the Atlantic shore, would hurtle across the American continent with breakneck speed.

在接下来的四十年里——从 1820 年到南北战争前夕——在大规模工业革命力量的推动下，这个曾经挤在大西洋沿岸、躁动不安的年轻国家将以惊人的速度冲过美洲大陆。

Its population tripling to more than thirty million in less than forty years.

在不到四十年的时间里，其人口增加了两倍，达到三千万以上。

Its landmass expanding to more than three and a half million square miles in all.

它的陆地面积总共扩大到超过三十五十万平方英里。

As the nation surged west - fueled by a constantly rising tide of whale oil - all the possibilities, both bright and dark, of the young republic, would come to the fore.

随着国家在不断上涨的鲸油浪潮的推动下向西推进，这个年轻共和国的所有可能性，无论是光明的还是黑暗的，都将浮出水面。

Michael Moore, Marine Biologist: The wealth that was generated by the Yankee whalers fueled the expansion of this country.

迈克尔·摩尔，海洋生物学家：洋基捕鲸者创造的财富推动了这个国家的扩张。

So that out of the banks of New Bedford - the richest place in the world in 1850 - came the necessaries to head west, build the railroads and all of those things.

因此，从新贝德福德——1850 年世界上最富有的地方——的银行中，我们获得了向西发展、修建铁路和所有这些东西的必需品。

Narrator: The golden age of whaling had begun - at once its highest peak - its most extravagant and storied era - and the beginning of the end.

旁白：捕鲸业的黄金时代已经开始——它的最高峰——最奢侈和传奇的时代——也是终结的开始。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: The golden age was a brief period, if you look at the history of all whaling, but it was an extremely dynamic period, and it was an extremely profitable period.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：如果你看看所有捕鲸业的历史，黄金时代是一个短暂的时期，但这是一个极其充满活力的时期，也是一个极其有利可图的时期。

Urban areas and populations were exploding.

城市地区和人口呈爆炸式增长。

And there was so much demand for whale oil and other forms of lighting, that the whaling industry continued to grow, despite increased competition.

由于对鲸油和其他形式的照明的需求如此之大，因此尽管竞争加剧，捕鲸业仍持续增长。

It was really in the 1820s, when Nantucket was still a major whaling powerhouse, that New Bedford started inching up.

确实是在 1820 年代，当时楠塔基特岛仍然是主要的捕鲸重镇，新贝德福德才开始缓慢崛起。

And by the end of the 1820s, New Bedford had taken the lead.

到 1820 年代末，新贝德福德取得了领先地位。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: You needed a much larger workforce.

斯图尔特·弗兰克（Stuart Frank），新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：您需要更多的劳动力。

You needed an infrastructure for shipyards, and for the production of whaleboats and harpoons, and cordage, and all the other things that a place on the mainland, like New Bedford, could provide.

你需要一个造船厂、生产捕鲸船、鱼叉、绳索以及大陆上某个地方（如新贝德福德）可以提供的所有其他东西的基础设施。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: It truly was a golden age.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：那确实是一个黄金时代。

In 1846, 735 American whaleships sailed on the world's oceans, out of a total of 900 worldwide.

1846 年，全球共有 900 艘捕鲸船，其中有 735 艘在世界各大洋上航行。

Seventy million dollars was invested in infrastructure.

基础设施投资七千万美元。

70,000 people made their livelihood from whaling, directly or indirectly.

70,000 人直接或间接以捕鲸为生。

There were 20,000 men who populated those whaling ships and went out in search of whales all over the world.

这些捕鲸船上有 20,000 名男子，他们出海到世界各地捕鲸。

In 1853, the most profitable year, they killed more than 8,000 whales and generated profits of $11 million.

1853年是利润最高的一年，他们捕杀了8000多头鲸鱼，创造了1100万美元的利润。

This was an enormous industry.

这是一个巨大的产业。

It was a time when as many as sixty other American ports decided to jump on the whaling bandwagon.

当时，多达六十个其他美国港口决定加入捕鲸行列。

It's when San Francisco became a main whaling port.

那时旧金山成为主要捕鲸港口。

It's when Hawaii became a major stoppingoff point for whaleships on their cruises to the Arctic after bowhead whales.

正是在那时，夏威夷成为捕鲸船在捕鲸之后前往北极的主要中转站。

Whalemen were often the first Westerners to appear in many locations in the world.

捕鲸人往往是最先出现在世界许多地方的西方人。

They helped to discover upwards of 200 islands.

他们帮助发现了超过 200 个岛屿。

They went to places where there were no charts, there were no maps.

他们去了没有海图、没有地图的地方。

They helped the United States government to produce maps that people could use as they sailed around the world.

他们帮助美国政府制作人们在环游世界时可以使用的地图。

Narrator: Increasingly now, the massive changes in scale and global reach were transforming every aspect of the whaling industry.

旁白：现在，规模和全球影响力的巨大变化正在日益改变捕鲸业的各个方面。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: And you find that, more and more, the whale fishery's becoming larger and larger - the need for product is becoming greater and greater - so that the whaling voyages are venturing further and further away - and the vessels are getting larger and the crews are getting larger, and it becomes much less personalized a kind of industry, much more a factory mentality in the management strategies of whaling.

斯图尔特·弗兰克，新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：你会发现，鲸鱼捕捞业变得越来越大，对产品的需求也越来越大，因此捕鲸航行的距离越来越远，船只越来越大，船员也越来越大，它不再是一种个性化的行业，在捕鲸管理策略上更像是一种工厂心态。

Wages begin to be less sensitively conceived by the management.

管理层对工资的考虑开始变得不那么敏感。

The boys are no longer your cousin and your nephew and the guy down the street - they're kids from all over the country - yea, and all over the world, who are infusing themselves into the many vacant positions that become available.

这些男孩不再是你的表弟、你的侄子和街上的那个家伙——他们是来自全国各地——是的，来自世界各地的孩子，他们正在将自己融入到许多可用的空缺职位中。

They were paying bonuses to drag guys from these cities not only to New Bedford, and Nantucket and New London, but to Sag Harbor, and to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and some of these outports.

他们支付奖金，不仅把这些城市的人拖到新贝德福德、楠塔基特和新伦敦，而且还拖到萨格港、新罕布什尔州朴茨茅斯和其中一些外港。

Margaret Creighton, Historian: At this time you're going to see men who are going to sign aboard a whaleship coming from all walks of American life.

历史学家玛格丽特·克赖顿：此时你会看到来自美国各行各业的准备在捕鲸船上签名的人。

You're going to see men who are not making it on farms, factories, runaway apprentices.

你会看到那些在农场、工厂、逃亡学徒中无法生存的人。

You're going to have your group of inexperienced sailors.

你将拥有一群缺乏经验的水手。

You're going to have your veteran sailors, a group of men of color.

你将拥有经验丰富的水手，一群有色人种。

Some hailing from the United States, some hailing from across the globe.

有些来自美国，有些来自世界各地。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: There were fugitive slaves, for whom this was a good way to lay low for a while.

斯图尔特·弗兰克，新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：有逃亡的奴隶，对他们来说这是暂时保持低调的好方法。

There were escapees from the Portuguese military service in the Azores Islands, and Cape Verde, and Madeira.

亚速尔群岛、佛得角和马德拉群岛都有从葡萄牙军队服役的逃亡者。

Lisa Norling, Historian: By the 1830s, there's huge numbers - thousands of young men who are coming from all over the world - very diverse - who work in the whaling industry just for a voyage or two, or even part of a voyage.

丽莎·诺林（Lisa Norling），历史学家：到了 1830 年代，有大量的人——来自世界各地的数千名年轻人——非常多样化——在捕鲸业工作，只是为了一两次航行，甚至是一次航行的一部分。

And then they take off somewhere else, desert.

然后他们起飞到其他地方，沙漠。

So there's a differentiation, even onboard ship, of people who are in it for the long haul, who are going to be promoted, who are responsible for the ship and the process.

因此，即使是在船上，长期工作的人、将要晋升的人、对船舶和流程负责的人也存在差异。

And then this huge pool of much more diverse, transient and also - from the perspective of the ship owners - expendable labor.

然后，这个庞大的劳动力库更加多样化、短暂，而且从船东的角度来看，也是消耗性劳动力。

Narrator: Faced with the rising costs of longer voyages, many owners cut corners every way they could - stinting on food, shrinking the whalemen's share of the profits, and often hiring captains willing to work the men mercilessly, then once the hold was filled with oil, drive them from the ship, through cruelty and neglect.

旁白：面对长途航行的成本不断上涨，许多船东想方设法地走捷径——在食物上节俭，减少捕鲸者的利润份额，并且经常雇用愿意无情地工作的船长，然后一旦货舱装满石油，就通过残酷和忽视将他们赶出船。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: During the golden age, whaling, for the average whaleman, was a miserable pursuit.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：在黄金时代，捕鲸对于普通捕鲸者来说是一件痛苦的事情。

It was, as one of them said, an "enormous filthy humbug." It was a miserable existence, especially for the men before the mast.

正如其中一位人士所说，这是一个“巨大肮脏的骗局”。这是一种悲惨的生活，尤其是对于桅杆前的人们来说。

They would spend most of their time in the forecastle, or fo'c'sle, where as many as 24 of them would be cramped under the main deck, in this room that had no natural light; that was hot, that smelled, that had cockroaches, rats.

他们大部分时间都待在艏楼或fo'c'sle里，其中多达24人挤在主甲板下，这个没有自然光的房间；那里很热，有臭味，还有蟑螂和老鼠。

And as the period wore on, the gulf between those at the top and those at the bottom, in terms of their wages, widened considerably and it wasn't that good of a deal for a foremast man, or a green hand, to go on a four-year voyage.

随着时间的推移，高层和底层之间的工资差距大大拉大，对于一个船长或新手来说，进行四年的航行并不是一件好事。

Sometimes they'd come back in debt or having only earned a couple of pennies a day.

有时他们会负债累累，或者每天只赚几分钱。

Narrator: It was, one man said, "perhaps the most demoralizing service of any upon earth." "It would be better to be painted black and sold to a southern planter," another whaleman agreed, "rather than be doomed to the forecastle of a whaleship.

旁白：一位男子说，“这也许是地球上最令人沮丧的服务”。 “最好是被漆成黑色并卖给南方种植园主，”另一位捕鲸人同意道，“也比注定要被卖到捕鲸船的艏楼里更好。

It is the most doggish life that ever fell to the lot of mortal man."

这是凡人所经历过的最狗血的生活。”

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: It was hard to keep labor onboard, because of the conditions, and the desertion rates were sometimes astronomical.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：由于条件的原因，很难留住船上的劳动力，而且逃兵率有时是天文数字。

It was rare for a whaleship to return from a voyage with the same complement of men that it left with.

捕鲸船在航行归来时，很少能带着与离开时相同的船员。

But at the height of the golden age, there were 20,000 men shipping out on these whaleships every year.

但在黄金时代的鼎盛时期，每年有 20,000 人乘坐这些捕鲸船出海。

And it is amazing that so many people could be enticed to pursue this difficult, dangerous profession.

令人惊奇的是，这么多人会被诱惑去从事这个困难、危险的职业。

Narrator: In the waning days of December, 1840, a restless, twenty-one-year-old one-time school teacher from upstate New York, arrived in New Bedford, looking for work on a whaleship.

旁白：1840 年 12 月的最后几天，一位焦躁不安的 21 岁的学校教师从纽约州北部来到新贝德福德，在一艘捕鲸船上寻找工作。

On December 25th, he signed on board a whaleship called the Acushnet, and nine days later, set sail for the South Pacific.

12月25日，他在一艘名为“Acushnet”的捕鲸船上签约，九天后启航前往南太平洋。

"My life," he later said, "began that day."

“我的生活，”他后来说，“从那天开始。”

Andrew Delbanco, Writer: Herman Melville was a young man adrift.

安德鲁·德尔班科（Andrew Delbanco），编剧：赫尔曼·梅尔维尔是一个漂泊的年轻人。

He had no profession that was waiting for him.

他没有什么职业在等待他。

He had little formal education.

他几乎没有受过正规教育。

And he did what other young men in the 19th century did when they found themselves in those circumstances, he went to sea.

他做了 19 世纪其他年轻人在这种情况下所做的事情：他出海了。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: And he sailed down around Cape Horn, and up into the Pacific.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：他绕合恩角航行，进入太平洋。

And when he got to the Marquesas, he jumped ship and spent a month ashore.

当他到达马克萨斯群岛时，他跳船并在岸上呆了一个月。

Then joined a second whaleship, an Australian whaleship, named the Lucy Ann , and onboard her he was involved in a mutiny, eventually incarcerated in a Tahitian jail, escaped from that.

然后登上了第二艘捕鲸船，一艘澳大利亚捕鲸船，名为“露西安”号，在船上他卷入了一场叛变，最终被关进大溪地监狱，并从中逃脱。

And then joined his third whaleship, which was a Nantucket whaleship, the Charles M.

然后加入了他的第三艘捕鲸船，这是一艘楠塔基特岛捕鲸船，查尔斯·M·

Henry .

亨利.

So if you heard the story of his life, you wouldn't actually believe that it had really happened.

因此，如果您听过他的生活故事，您实际上不会相信这真的发生过。

I mean, it sounds like a made-up life.

我的意思是，这听起来像是虚构的生活。

But it's a real life, and it's very similar to others.

但这是真实的生活，和其他人很相似。

Andrew Delbanco, Writer: He became friends and comrades with people from all around the world of great diversity of color and temperament and language.

安德鲁·德尔班科（Andrew Delbanco），作家：他与来自世界各地肤色、气质和语言各不相同的人们成为了朋友和同志。

He really believed in the dignity of the common man and discovered that on a whaleship.

他确实相信普通人的尊严，并在捕鲸船上发现了这一点。

He discovered their capacity for heroism, and self-sacrifice, and solidarity with their friends, and their reliable moral instincts about good and evil.

他发现了他们的英雄主义、自我牺牲、与朋友团结的能力，以及他们关于善恶的可靠的道德本能。

He really believed in those principles of democratic equality.

他确实相信民主平等的原则。

Narrator: For three years, he wandered the Pacific, coming to know every aspect of the whaling industry in intimate detail: the cruelty and the exploitation, the violence and the danger, the courage and the generosity, the beauty and the wonder.

旁白：三年来，他在太平洋上游荡，深入了解捕鲸业的方方面面：残酷与剥削、暴力与危险、勇气与慷慨、美丽与奇迹。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): There you stand a hundred feet above the silent decks, striding along the deep, as if the masts were giant stilts.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：你站在寂静的甲板上方一百英尺处，沿着深海大步走，仿佛桅杆是巨大的高跷。

While beneath you and between your legs, as it were, swim the hugest monsters of the sea.

在你的脚下和你的双腿之间，可以说是海洋中最大的怪物在游动。

There you stand, lost in the infinite series of the sea.

你站在那里，迷失在无尽的大海中。

Until at last, thy spirit ebbs away to whence it came.

直到最后，你的精神消退到它来的地方。

Becomes diffused through time and space, forming at last a part of every shore the round globe over.

通过时间和空间扩散，最终形成地球上每一个海岸的一部分。

Herman Melville.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔.

Margaret Creighton, Historian: That's why Melville puts so many of his reveries at the masthead.

历史学家玛格丽特·克赖顿：这就是为什么梅尔维尔把他的许多遐想放在了报头。

And sailors emphasize this, this is a place where you do dream, and where you do appreciate the magnificence of the world.

水手们强调这一点，这是一个你真正梦想的地方，也是你真正欣赏世界壮丽的地方。

This is a place where men understand the depths, or the expanse, of the world.

这是一个人们了解世界的深度或广阔的地方。

Narrator: One night in August, 1841, far out on the Pacific, less than a hundred miles from where the Essex had gone down twenty years earlier, he had a chance encounter that would change the course of his life completely.

旁白：1841 年 8 月的一个晚上，在遥远的太平洋上，距离埃塞克斯号二十年前沉没的地方不到一百英里，他遇到了一次彻底改变他人生轨迹的偶遇。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): On board the Acushnet , on the passage to the Pacific cruising grounds, we encountered another Nantucket craft and gammed with her.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，配音）：在阿库什尼特号上，在前往太平洋巡航场地的航道上，我们遇到了另一艘楠塔基特岛的飞船并与她进行了游戏。

In the fo'c'sle, I made the acquaintance of a fine lad of sixteen or thereabouts.

在家里，我结识了一个十六岁左右的好小伙子。

A son of Owen Chase, the first mate of the Essex and one of its only survivors.

欧文·蔡斯的儿子，埃塞克斯号的大副，也是其唯一的幸存者之一。

I questioned him concerning his father's adventure, and the next morning, he handed me a complete copy of his father's extraordinary narrative.

我向他询问了他父亲的冒险经历，第二天早上，他递给我一份他父亲非凡叙述的完整副本。

The reading of this wondrous story upon the landless sea, and so close to the very latitude of the shipwreck, had a surprising effect upon me.

在无地的海上、如此接近沉船的纬度上阅读这个奇妙的故事，对我产生了令人惊讶的影响。

Narrator: The tale of what happened to the men to the Essex , adrift on the wide and unforgiving waters of the Pacific, would haunt him for the rest of his life.

旁白：埃塞克斯号上的船员在太平洋宽阔无情的水域上漂流，所发生的故事将在他的余生中困扰着他。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): November 21st, 1820.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：1820 年 11 月 21 日。

The morning dawned upon our wretched company.

清晨，我们这群可怜的同伴迎来了黎明。

Watches had been kept up during the night in our respective boats to see that none of the spars...

整个晚上，我们各自的船上都保持着值班，以确保没有一根桅杆……

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Here they are, presented with this wreck of a ship.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：他们在这里，看到了这艘船的残骸。

And the first thing they realize is they've got to rig their whaleboats to survive in the open ocean.

他们意识到的第一件事是他们必须装备捕鲸船才能在公海生存。

And so they build them up by a foot and a half, and they rig them as little schooners.

于是他们把它们加长了一英尺半，然后把它们装成小纵帆船。

And they take as many of the provisions as they can fit, and they figured if everything went right, they could survive for two months on the provisions they had.

他们拿走了尽可能多的食物，他们认为如果一切顺利，他们可以靠现有的食物生存两个月。

Narrator: The crew of the Essex spent two days salvaging everything they could from the hold of the sinking ship.

旁白：埃塞克斯号的船员们花了两天的时间从正在下沉的船的货舱中打捞出一切能找到的东西。

The situation was appalling.

情况令人震惊。

The closest known islands, the Marquesas, were more than 1,200 miles to the west - the coast of South America, a staggering 3,000 miles to the east - but in fact much farther, given the prevailing winds and current.

已知距离最近的马克萨斯群岛距离西边 1,200 多英里（南美洲海岸），东边距离惊人的 3,000 英里，但考虑到盛行风和洋流，实际上要远得多。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: And so they have a decision to make - "Where do we go?" And the obvious thing is to follow the trade winds which would blow them to the west, towards the Marquesas and the other Pacific islands.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：所以他们需要做出一个决定——“我们去哪里？”显而易见的事情是跟随信风，将它们吹向西方，吹向马克萨斯群岛和其他太平洋岛屿。

And Pollard says, "Look.

波拉德说：“看。

I think we should go with the trade winds.

我认为我们应该顺着信风前进。

It's the only way we're going to get there without running out of food." But the other officers, led by Owen Chase, disagree.

这是我们在不耗尽食物的情况下到达那里的唯一方法。”但以欧文·蔡斯为首的其他警官并不同意。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): We examined our navigators, to ascertain the nearest land, and found it was the Marquesas Islands.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：我们检查了我们的导航仪，以确定最近的陆地，发现它是马克萨斯群岛。

The Society Islands were next, islands we were entirely ignorant of and if inhabited, we presumed by savages, from whom we had as much to fear, as from the elements, or even death itself.

接下来是社会群岛，我们对这些岛屿完全一无所知，如果有人居住，我们推测是野蛮人，我们对他们的恐惧就像对自然元素的恐惧一样，甚至是死亡本身。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: They said, "We don't want to become a meal for cannibals.

作家纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick）：他们说：“我们不想成为食人者的食物。

Let's go back to South America, and this is how we'll do it.

让我们回到南美洲，我们将这样做。

We can't go against the trade winds.

我们不能逆风而行。

But if we sail south for a month, for a thousand miles, we'll get to the variable breezes, where we can turn left.

但如果我们向南航行一个月，一千英里，我们就会遇到多变的微风，在那里我们可以左转。

And if everything goes right, after another month we'll be on the shore of Chile.

如果一切顺利，再过一个月我们就会到达智利海岸。

We'll be virtual skeletons, but we'll be alive, and in a civilized port." And Pollard decides to reverse himself, and says, "Okay, we're going to do that." And this was the fatal error.

我们将是虚拟的骷髅，但我们会活着，而且在一个文明的港口里。”波拉德决定扭转局面，说道：“好吧，我们就这么做。”这就是致命的错误。

Because instead of everything going right, everything would go wrong.

因为不是一切都会顺利，而是一切都会出错。

Just a few days out, they begin to realize that they're not going to starve initially - they're going to die of dehydration.

仅仅几天后，他们就开始意识到他们最初不会挨饿，而是会死于脱水。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): November 28th.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，配音）：11 月 28 日。

Our allowance of water now insufficient.

我们的水现在不够了。

Our extreme sufferings here first commence.

我们的极度痛苦首先从这里开始。

The violence of raving thirst has no parallel in the catalogue of human calamities.

极度干渴的暴力在人类灾难中是无与伦比的。

Owen Chase.

欧文·蔡斯。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: They were within hours of people beginning to die when, miraculously, they sight an island, Henderson Island.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：就在人们开始死亡的几个小时内，他们奇迹般地看到了一座岛屿，亨德森岛。

It's still thousands of miles off the coast of South America, but they know they're not going to die of dehydration - at least not now.

虽然距南美洲海岸仍有数千英里，但他们知道自己不会死于脱水——至少现在不会。

And so they drink the water, but within a matter of days, they've killed just about every living thing within walking distance, and they realize they can't all live here.

所以他们喝了水，但几天之内，他们就杀死了步行距离内的几乎所有生物，他们意识到他们不能都住在这里。

They're going to starve if they stay here.

如果他们留在这里，他们会饿死的。

So the decision is made, "Well, South America is still 3,000 miles away.

于是我们做出了决定：“好吧，南美洲还有 3,000 英里远。

Let's go for it."

让我们努力吧。”

Narrator: On December 26, as the beleaguered party prepared to set off again in their frail crafts, three crew members announced they were staying behind.

旁白：12月26日，当陷入困境的一行人准备乘坐脆弱的飞船再次出发时，三名船员宣布他们要留下来。

On New Year's Eve, following an emotional parting, the seventeen remaining voyagers pushed back out onto the surging currents of the Pacific.

除夕夜，在一次感人的离别之后，剩下的十七名航海者又回到了太平洋汹涌的海流上。

Day after day, the three forlorn vessels sailed on through the blank immensity of the ocean, battling mountainous waves, worsening wind and weather, and increasing hunger and malnutrition.

日复一日，这三艘被遗弃的船只在茫茫大海中航行，与汹涌的海浪、恶劣的风和天气以及日益严重的饥饿和营养不良作斗争。

The men struggling to hold on and to keep the three boats from being separated.

人们奋力抓住三只船，不让它们分开。

With each passing day, the company grew weaker.

日复一日，公司日渐衰弱。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): January 3rd.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：1 月 3 日。

Our birds and fish all now consumed, and we have begun again upon our short allowance of bread.

我们的鸟和鱼现在都吃光了，我们又开始吃面包了。

January 10th.

1 月 10 日。

Mathew Joy, the second mate, died suddenly at 4 o'clock.

二副马修·乔伊 (Mathew Joy) 于凌晨 4 点突然去世。

We sewed him up in his clothes, tied a large stone to his feet, and consigned him in a solemn manner to the ocean.

我们把他缝在衣服里，把一块大石头绑在他的脚上，然后郑重地把他扔到了大海里。

January 27th.

1 月 27 日。

Hunger now violent and outrageous.

饥饿现在变得猛烈而令人发指。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: The three boats would become separated, one never to be seen again.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：三艘船将被分开，其中一艘再也不会出现。

And what begins to catch up to them now is starvation.

现在开始困扰他们的是饥饿。

They begin to run out of food.

他们开始耗尽食物。

And as men began to die, they began to realize that if the rest of them were going to live, they had to eat the bodies of their dead shipmates.

当人类开始死亡时，他们开始意识到，如果其他人想要活下去，他们就必须吃掉死去的船友的尸体。

Owen Chase (Josh Hamilton, voice-over): February 8th.

欧文·蔡斯（乔什·汉密尔顿，画外音）：2 月 8 日。

Isaac Cole, one of our crew, died in the most horrid and frightful convulsions.

艾萨克·科尔，我们的一名船员，死于最可怕的抽搐中。

We kept his corpse all night.

我们把他的尸体保存了一整夜。

When I addressed the men on the painful subject of keeping the body for food, it was without any objection agreed to, and we set to work as fast as we were able to prevent its spoiling.

当我向这些人讲述保留尸体作为食物的痛苦话题时，他们没有任何异议，我们开始尽快工作，以防止尸体变质。

We separated his limbs from his body and cut all the flesh from the bones.

我们将他的四肢与身体分开，并从骨头上切掉所有的肉。

After which we opened the body, took out the heart, which we eagerly devoured, and then ate sparingly of a few pieces of the flesh.

然后我们打开了尸体，取出了心脏，我们狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，然后少量地吃了几块肉。

Thus did we dispose of our fellow sufferer.

我们就这样处理掉了我们的同胞。

Narrator: One by one, the men died, in extremes of horror and agony - the men next to them, near death themselves, unable to do anything to help or relieve their suffering companions.

旁白：这些人在极度的恐惧和痛苦中一一死去——他们旁边的人也濒临死亡，无法做任何事情来帮助或减轻他们受苦的同伴。

The African-American crew members fared worst.

非裔美国船员的情况最糟糕。

By February, all six were dead, and the remains of four of them had been butchered and eaten by their companions

到了二月，六人全部死亡，其中四人的遗体被同伴屠杀并吃掉

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: At first, they ate the bodies of the people who died.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：起初，他们吃死者的尸体。

But eventually, in Captain Pollard's boat, they were reduced to drawing lots.

但最终，在波拉德船长的船上，他们只能进行抽签。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: It would be down to four of them - Pollard and three teenage Nantucketers, including his young cousin, Owen Coffin.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：这将归结为四个人——波拉德和三名十几岁的楠塔基特人，包括他年轻的表弟欧文·科芬。

And they had reached the point where they were all starving, and there was nobody left to eat.

他们已经到了挨饿的地步，没有人可以吃东西了。

And one of the boys said, "Let's exchange lots and see who will be the one to sacrifice themselves so the others might live." And so they would draw lots, and the lot would go to Owen Coffin, Pollard's cousin.

其中一个男孩说：“我们来交换一下，看看谁会牺牲自己，这样其他人才能活下去。”所以他们会抽签，抽签将授予波拉德的表弟欧文·科芬。

And the story goes that Pollard said, "My boy, if you don't want to do this, I'll kill the first one that touches you." The boy had been raised a Quaker, was at this point, his sufferings were such he said: "No, I like my lot as well as any other." They had to draw lots again to see who would kill him.

故事是这样的，波拉德说：“我的孩子，如果你不想这样做，我会杀掉第一个碰你的人。”这个男孩从小是贵格会教徒，此时，他的痛苦是这样的，他说：“不，我喜欢我的命运，也喜欢其他人的命运。”他们不得不再次抽签，看看谁会杀掉他。

That went to Charles Ramsdel.

那是查尔斯·拉姆斯德尔的。

And so he would shoot his friend, and they would consume him.

所以他会射杀他的朋友，然后他们就会把他吃掉。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Eventually, in February of 1821, almost within sight of the Chilean coast, a Nantucket whaleship, the Dauphin , would see a derelict whaleboat unlike anything any of them had ever seen.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：最终，在 1821 年 2 月，在智利海岸几乎可以看到的地方，一艘名为“多芬”（Dauphin）的楠塔基特捕鲸船看到了一艘他们从未见过的废弃捕鲸船。

It had been through hell, and they couldn't see any people, it was just floating there.

它已经经历了地狱，他们看不到任何人，它只是漂浮在那里。

And they sailed up, and they looked down, and there was Pollard and Charles Ramsdel, sort of curled up in fetal positions, their eyes bulging from their skulls.

他们向上航行，向下看去，发现了波拉德和查尔斯·拉姆斯德尔，他们像胎儿一样蜷缩着，眼睛从头骨中凸出来。

And they were sucking the bones of their dead messmates.

他们正在吮吸死去同伴的骨头。

They were trying to live off the marrow in those bones.

他们试图靠这些骨头里的骨髓生存。

And they were so far gone that they were initially frightened by the sight of these other people.

他们走得太远了，一开始看到这些人都被吓到了。

Narrator: George Pollard and Charles Ramsdel were rescued on February 23rd, 1821.

旁白：乔治·波拉德和查尔斯·拉姆斯德尔于 1821 年 2 月 23 日获救。

Five days earlier, the captain of an English whaleship called the Indian , cruising three hundred miles to the north off the coast of Chile, had spied a small boat desperately trying to overtake them.

五天前，一艘名为“印第安人”的英国捕鲸船的船长在智利海岸以北三百英里处发现一艘小船拼命试图追上他们。

On it were the emaciated figures of Owen Chase, Benjamin Lawrence and fifteen-year-old Thomas Nickerson.

上面画着欧文·蔡斯、本杰明·劳伦斯和十五岁的托马斯·尼克森的瘦弱身影。

In Lawrence's pocket was a ragged twelve inch piece of string he had methodically twined throughout the whole nightmarish journey.

劳伦斯的口袋里有一根十二英寸长的破烂绳子，他在整个噩梦般的旅程中都有条不紊地缠绕着。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: It was three months at sea.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：在海上度过了三个月。

And they covered more than 4,000 miles - longer than Captain Bligh's epic open-boat voyage, much longer than anything Shackleton encountered.

他们的航程超过 4,000 英里，比布莱船长史诗般的开船航行还要长，比沙克尔顿遇到的任何航行都长得多。

There would be five men taken from the whaleboats alive, all of them Nantucketers.

捕鲸船上将有五名活着的人，他们都是楠塔基特人。

The only three non-Nantucket survivors were those three men who stayed on Henderson Island.

仅有的三名非楠塔基特幸存者是留在亨德森岛上的三名男子。

So a grand total of eight survived the Essex disaster.

因此，埃塞克斯灾难中共有八人幸存。

Twelve people died, and most of them African-Americans.

十二人死亡，其中大多数是非裔美国人。

Narrator: Herman Melville returned to New York in the fall of 1844 - resolved to make a name for himself as a writer - rapidly publishing two well-received, if conventional, novels, Typee and Omoo , based on his Pacific wanderings.

旁白：赫尔曼·梅尔维尔于 1844 年秋天回到纽约，决心以作家的身份出名，并根据他在太平洋的漂泊经历，迅速出版了两部广受欢迎的传统小说《Typee》和《Omoo》。

But the story of the doomed ship sunk by a giant whale would continue to haunt him.

但那艘注定失败的船被巨鲸击沉的故事将继续困扰着他。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex , might been avoided, had they, immediately after leaving the wreck, steered straight for Tahiti, to which there was a fair trade wind.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：如果埃塞克斯号上这些悲惨的人们在离开沉船后立即直奔塔希提岛，那么他们所遭受的所有痛苦都是可以避免的，因为那里有良好的信风。

But they dreaded cannibals.

但他们害怕食人者。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: I think the story of the Essex was a very personal story for him, because the crux of the story is they decide not to go to the Marquesas, because of the fear of cannibals.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：我认为埃塞克斯号的故事对他来说是一个非常个人化的故事，因为故事的关键是他们决定不去马克萨斯，因为害怕食人者。

Melville had that same dilemma.

梅尔维尔也面临着同样的困境。

He was on a whaleship.

他在一艘捕鲸船上。

He wanted to desert, but the only available island was the Marquesas, where there were cannibals.

他想逃走，但唯一可用的岛屿是马克萨斯岛，那里有食人者。

Melville decides to embrace the unknown.

梅尔维尔决定拥抱未知。

To go to the Marquesas, live with the cannibals, he would write Typee , which was his first novel, an instant best-seller, it made his career.

为了去马克萨斯群岛，与食人者一起生活，他写了《Typee》，这是他的第一部小说，立即成为畅销书，这成就了他的事业。

And so, I think, in Moby Dick , you have that understanding that, you know, there is another choice and look what it can present.

所以，我认为，在《白鲸》中，你会明白，你知道，还有另一种选择，看看它能呈现什么。

It's not just fear and terror and darkness.

这不仅仅是恐惧、恐怖和黑暗。

There is wonder, and diversity and excitement out there, and they all exist together.

那里有奇迹、多样性和兴奋，而且它们都同时存在。

And in Moby Dick , he channels both sides in a way that no other person in the world could have written that novel, at that particular moment.

在《白鲸记》中，他以世界上任何其他人都无法在那个特定时刻写出这部小说的方式引导双方。

Because he internalized all those issues and created, through the voice of Ishmael, one of the greatest voices in American literature.

因为他将所有这些问题内化，并通过以实玛利的声音创造了美国文学中最伟大的声音之一。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard): Call me Ishmael.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德）：叫我以实玛利。

Some years ago - never mind how long precisely - having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world...

几年前——不管具体多久——我的钱包里几乎没有钱，也没有什么特别让我感兴趣的东西，我想我应该航行一会儿，看看世界上有水的部分......

Narrator: In the tale he now began to unfold - of a doomed Nantucket whaleship, called the Pequod - manned by thirty sailors from every race and corner of the planet, and commanded by a stern Quaker captain called Ahab, who will stop at nothing in his quest to kill the immense white whale that has maimed him - he would see an allegory of the human condition, and a riveting parable, both bright and dark, of the recklessly expanding American republic.

旁白：在他现在开始讲述的故事中，一艘注定失败的楠塔基特捕鲸船，名为“裴阔德号”，由来自地球各个种族和各个角落的三十名水手驾驶，由一位名叫亚哈的严厉的贵格会船长指挥，他将不惜一切代价杀死致残他的巨大白鲸。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: He's trying to incorporate everything into it - a discussion of science and a discussion of religion and a discussion of human limitations and a discussion of truth and justice - as well as an adventure story.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：他试图将一切都融入其中——对科学的讨论、对宗教的讨论、对人类局限性的讨论以及对真理和正义的讨论——以及一个冒险故事。

And, it's just kind of huge and sprawling, just like the whale is so enormous.

而且，它有点巨大而且蔓延，就像鲸鱼一样巨大。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: I mean, it's all there in Moby Dick .

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：我的意思是，这一切都在《白鲸》中。

He was there, he saw it, he knew these people, and yet, he had had time to reflect.

他在那里，他看到了，他认识这些人，然而，他有时间反思。

I mean, if you took Moby Dick , you could go to a different planet and recreate a whaleship and go whaling.

我的意思是，如果你拍了《白鲸》，你就可以去另一个星球，重建一艘捕鲸船并去捕鲸。

The DNA of the fishery is there.

渔业的 DNA 就在那里。

Melville understood the poetics of the engine of the American economy at that point.

梅尔维尔当时理解美国经济引擎的诗意。

He got to the poetry and the magic and the mystery that engulfs not only us but whales and planets.

他触及了诗歌、魔法和神秘，这些不仅吞没了我们，也吞没了鲸鱼和行星。

And he dove very deeply and he dove so deeply that he never really came out of it.

他陷得很深，陷得很深，以至于他从来没有真正摆脱过。

Narrator: Traveling from New York to New Bedford and finally out to the far shores of Nantucket, at once out in space, back in time and down into the deepest recesses of the human soul, the novel's restless, brooding everyman narrator, Ishmael, signs on board the whaleship, Pequod - whose bewilderingly mixed and democratic crew includes a tiny fugitive slave boy named Pip, a giant South Sea islander named Queequeg, and the steadfast Wampanoag harpooneer, Tashtego - all of whom, with their comrades, will be propelled to the ends of the earth by their relentless search for the leviathan.

叙述者：从纽约到新贝德福德，最后到达楠塔基特岛的遥远海岸，小说中不安分、沉思的普通叙述者以实玛利在太空中回到了过去，深入到了人类灵魂的最深处，在鲸鱼“佩阔德”号上做了标记——这艘船的船员混杂得令人眼花缭乱，民主的船员包括一个名叫皮普的小逃亡奴隶男孩、一个名叫奎奎格的巨大南海岛民和坚定的万帕诺亚格标枪手塔什特戈——他们所有人，以及他们的战友，都将通过对利维坦的不懈探索被推向天涯海角。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): With huge pronged poles they pitched hissing masses of blubber into the scalding pots, or stirred up the fires beneath 'til the snaky flames darted, curling, out of the doors to catch them by the feet.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：他们用巨大的尖头杆子把嘶嘶作响的鲸脂扔进滚烫的锅里，或者搅动下面的火，直到蛇形的火焰卷曲地冲出门外，抓住他们的脚。

The smoke rolled away in sullen heaps.

烟雾阴沉地滚滚而去。

To every pitch of the ship, there was a pitch of the boiling oil, which seemed all eagerness to leap into their faces.

船的每一个倾斜处，都有一处沸腾的油，似乎都渴望跳到他们的脸上。

As the wind howled on, and the sea leaped, and the ship groaned and dived, and yet steadfastly shot her red hell further and further into the blackness of the sea and the night.

风呼啸而过，大海汹涌澎湃，船呻吟着俯冲，却坚定地将她的红色地狱射向黑暗的大海和夜色。

Then the rushing Pequod, freighted with savages, and laden with fire, and burning a corpse, and plunging in that blackness, seemed the material counterpart of her monomaniac commander's soul.

然后，汹涌而来的佩阔德号，载满了野蛮人，满载着火焰，焚烧着尸体，陷入了黑暗，似乎是她偏执的指挥官灵魂的物质对应物。

Andrew Delbanco, Writer: Melville was well aware that the Americans were the best in the world at killing whales.

安德鲁·德尔班科（Andrew Delbanco），作家：梅尔维尔很清楚美国人是世界上捕杀鲸鱼最擅长的人。

They were like bringing the business of whale-killing to a new level.

他们就像将捕鲸业提升到了一个新的水平。

They had the best technology, which is why they were at sea for so long, because these ships were both killing machines, and also factories for turning whales into marketable commodities.

他们拥有最好的技术，这就是他们在海上呆了这么久的原因，因为这些船既是杀人机器，也是将鲸鱼变成可销售商品的工厂。

So he understood that America was on the cutting edge, and that it was carrying this idea of democratic man to places where such ideas had never been contemplated.

因此，他明白美国处于最前沿，并且正在将民主人的理念带到从未考虑过的地方。

And he associates this reckless and unbelievably capacious expansion that the United States is undergoing in this period as a kind of messianic spread of the democratic ideal.

他将美国在这一时期所经历的这种鲁莽和令人难以置信的大规模扩张视为民主理想的一种救世主传播。

And the whaleship is a kind of vanguard of that.

捕鲸船是这方面的先锋。

But he was also aware that these energies were brutal, and destructive, and relentless and merciless.

但他也意识到这些能量是残酷的、具有破坏性的、无情的、无情的。

And, of course, he was aware that the expansion of the United States was the selfsame thing as the expansion of slavery.

当然，他知道美国的扩张与奴隶制的扩张是同一回事。

So he saw this duality about America.

所以他看到了美国的这种二元性。

And he felt it as a very deep feature of humankind and turned the whaleship into an allegory.

他觉得这是人类的一个非常深刻的特征，并将捕鲸船变成了一个寓言。

Very literally and clearly so.

非常字面和明确地如此。

I mean, there were thirty states; there were thirty sailors, federated along one keel.

我的意思是，有三十个州；有三十名水手，沿着一根龙骨联合起来。

So it's certainly the case that the Pequod is an allegorical representation of the United States heading toward disaster.

因此，“裴阔德”号无疑是美国走向灾难的寓言。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: When you're reading Moby Dick , it just seems like it's going to keep and going, just like a whaling voyage.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：当你阅读《白鲸》时，它似乎会一直持续下去，就像一次捕鲸航行一样。

But suddenly, you're to the end.

但突然之间，你就走到了尽头。

And the last three chapters seem to come so quickly, and the book just kind of speeds up and then bang, the ship is lost.

最后三章似乎来得太快了，这本书的速度有点加快，然后砰的一声，船就迷失了。

It's struck by the whale and it sinks.

它被鲸鱼击中并沉没。

And you can't quite believe it, although, of course, it's the only ending it could possibly have.

你可能不太相信它，尽管，当然，这是它可能有的唯一结局。

Narrator: At the very end, as the ship goes down - in one of the greatest passages in all of literature - all America and all humanity seem implicated in the catastrophe that overtakes the Pequod.

旁白：最后，当船沉没时——这是所有文学中最伟大的段落之一——整个美国和全人类似乎都卷入了裴阔德号的灾难之中。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): "The ship?

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：“那艘船？

Great God, where is the ship?" Soon they saw her, only the uppermost masts out of water.

大神，船在哪里？”很快他们就看到了她，只有最上面的桅杆露出了水面。

While fixed by infatuation, or fidelity, or fate, to their once lofty perches, the pagan harpooneers still maintained their sinking lookouts on the sea.

尽管出于迷恋、忠诚或命运，异教鱼叉手仍坚守在曾经崇高的栖息地，但他们仍然保持着对海上下沉的瞭望。

And now, concentric circles seized the lone boat itself, and all its crew, and each floating oar, and every lance-pole, and spinning, animate and inanimate, all round and round in one vortex, carried the smallest chip of the Pequod out of sight.

现在，同心圆抓住了这艘孤独的船本身，它的所有船员，每一根漂浮的桨，每一根矛杆，旋转着，有生命的和无生命的，在一个漩涡中一圈又一圈，把裴阔德号上最小的碎片带出了视线。

But as the last whelmings intermixingly poured themselves over the sunken head of the Indian at the mainmast, leaving a few inches of the erect spar yet visible, together with long streaming yards of the flag, which calmly undulated, with ironical coincidings, over the destroying billows they almost touched.

但当最后的重击混合地倾泻到主桅处印第安人凹陷的头部时，留下几英寸的直立桅杆仍然可见，连同长长的飘动的旗帜一起，旗帜在他们几乎触及的毁灭性巨浪上平静地波动，具有讽刺意味的巧合。

At that instant, a red arm and a hammer hovered backwardly uplifted in the open air, in the act of nailing the flag faster and yet faster to the subsiding spar.

就在这时，一只红色的手臂和一把锤子在空中向后举起，正在将旗帜越来越快地钉在下沉的桅杆上。

A sky-hawk that tauntingly had followed the main-truck downwards from its natural home among the stars, pecking at the flag, and incommoding Tashtego there; this bird now chanced to intercept its broad fluttering wing between the hammer and the wood; and simultaneously feeling that etherial thrill, the submerged savage beneath, in his death-grasp, kept his hammer frozen there.

一只天鹰嘲讽地跟随主卡车从它在星空中的自然家园下降，啄食旗帜，并在那里打扰了塔什特戈；这只鸟现在碰巧在锤子和木头之间拦截了它宽阔的翅膀。同时感受到那空灵的颤栗，淹没在下面的野蛮人，在他的死亡之握中，将他的锤子冻结在那里。

And so the bird of heaven, with archangelic shrieks, and his imperial beak thrust upwards, and his whole captive form folded in the flag of Ahab, went down with his ship, which, like Satan, would not sink to hell till she had dragged a living part of heaven along with her and helmeted herself with it.

于是，天堂之鸟伴随着大天使般的尖叫声，它那帝国般的喙向上伸出，它的整个被俘虏的身躯折叠在亚哈的旗帜中，与它的船一起沉没了，它像撒旦一样，不会沉入地狱，除非她拖着天堂的一个活生生的部分，并用它给自己戴上头盔。

Now small fowls flew screaming over the yet yawning gulf.

现在，小鸟尖叫着飞过尚未张开的海湾。

A sullen white surf beat against its steep sides.

阴郁的白色海浪拍打着陡峭的山壁。

Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.

然后一切都崩溃了，大海的巨大裹尸布像五千年前一样滚动着。

Narrator: He finished the novel in the summer of 1851, one week before his 32nd birthday, and sent the final pages to his publishers, convinced he had created a masterpiece.

旁白：1851 年夏天，也就是他 32 岁生日前一周，他完成了这部小说，并将最后几页寄给了出版商，确信自己创作了一部杰作。

But, as if in anticipation of the collapse of the industry and the republic, he had plumbed so deeply in his novel, Moby Dick was destined to sink to the bottom of the sea almost as soon as it was published and take Herman Melville's literary career with it.

但是，仿佛预见到工业和共和国的崩溃，他在小说中进行了如此深入的探索，《白鲸》注定几乎在出版后就沉入海底，并带走了赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的文学生涯。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: Right before Moby Dick came out, he was a writer on the rise, and he thought that Moby Dick , his magnum opus, was gonna launch him to the heights of writing fame.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），编剧：在《白鲸》问世之前，他是一位正在崛起的作家，他认为《白鲸》这部他的代表作将把他推向写作名气的顶峰。

But it did exactly the opposite, it started his slide towards obscurity.

但事实恰恰相反，他开始走向默默无闻。

It was just too wild of a novel for the people of the era to fully absorb.

这对于当时的人们来说太过狂野，无法完全吸收。

And the reviews that came out of Moby Dick were absolutely scathing.

《莫比迪克》的评论绝对是严厉的。

And for the rest of his life, he never achieved the fame that he so dearly wanted.

在他的余生中，他从未获得他如此渴望的名声。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: America of the 1850s was no longer interested in its maritime wilderness.

作家纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克 (Nathaniel Philbrick)：1850 年代的美国不再对其海上荒野感兴趣。

It was the wilderness of the West.

那是西部的荒野。

The Gold Rush had changed everything.

淘金热改变了一切。

And so even though he was writing in the white heat of the whaling moment, it was too late when it came to his audience, because their attention had strayed to the West.

因此，尽管他是在捕鲸时刻的白热化时期写作的，但当他的读者看到时已经太晚了，因为他们的注意力已经转移到了西方。

Narrator: Devastated, and bewildered, by the failure of the book, Melville would soon leave novel-writing behind entirely, turn to poetry, little of it published, and end his career as a custom's inspector in lower Manhattan where he died in 1891, at the age of 72, all but forgotten as a writer.

旁白：由于这本书的失败，梅尔维尔感到震惊和困惑，他很快就完全放弃了小说写作，转向诗歌，但很少出版，并结束了他在曼哈顿下城担任海关检查员的职业生涯，并于 1891 年去世，享年 72 岁，几乎被人遗忘了作为一名作家。

Narrator: The most frenzied, profitable and far-flung decade in the history of American whaling would come right at the very end, just before the downturn came.

旁白：美国捕鲸史上最疯狂、利润最高、范围最广的十年将在经济衰退到来之前的最后阶段到来。

Year after year, more and more ships went out, and the slaughter continued to widen.

年复一年，出动的船只越来越多，屠杀不断扩大。

The vessels now sailing to every ocean on the planet, chasing not only sperm whales, but right whales, hump backs, California grays, and bowheads from the tip of Cape Horn to the Arctic circle and beyond.

这些船只现在航行到地球上的每个海洋，不仅追逐抹香鲸，还追逐露脊鲸、座头鲸、加州灰鲸和弓头鲸，从合恩角顶端到北极圈及更远的地方。

Here and there, some voices were raised in consternation.

不时传来一些惊愕的声音。

"The poor whale was doomed to utter extermination," one whaleman wrote, "or at least so near to it that too few will remain to tempt the cupidity of man." But still the slaughter continued.

“可怜的鲸鱼注定要彻底灭绝，”一位捕鲸人写道，“或者至少已经接近灭绝，剩下的鲸鱼数量太少了，无法诱惑人类的贪婪。”但屠杀仍在继续。

In the fall of 1850, with the slaughter of bowhead whales in the Arctic pressing the species to the brink of extinction, an anonymous letter was sent to the editor of The Honolulu Friend , signed simply, "From a Polar Whale." "I write in behalf of my butchered and dying species," it read.

1850 年秋天，随着北极弓头鲸的屠杀将这一物种推向灭绝的边缘，一封匿名信被寄给了《檀香山之友》的编辑，署名很简单：“来自极地鲸”。 “我为我被屠杀和垂死的物种而写，”它写道。

"I appeal to the friends of the whole race of whales.

“我向整个鲸鱼种族的朋友们发出呼吁。

Must we all be murdered?

我们都必须被谋杀吗？

Must our race become extinct?

我们的种族必须灭绝吗？

Will no friends and allies arise and revenge our wrongs?"

没有朋友和盟友会站出来报复我们的错误吗？”

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: There are debates about exactly how many whales were taken.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：对于到底有多少鲸鱼被捕获存在争议。

But one of the best estimates is that there were somewhere in the order of almost 250,000 sperm whales taken during the bulk of the golden age.

但最准确的估计之一是，在黄金时代的大部分时间里，大约有 25 万头抹香鲸被捕获。

Narrator: By the end of the 1850s, fewer and fewer whalemen could make the numbers work.

旁白：到 1850 年代末，能够使这些数字发挥作用的捕鲸者越来越少。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: It's partly that they've killed so many whales that are pretty close, and it's harder and harder to find enough whales to fill a ship.

贝尔考·爱德华兹（梅尔维尔学者）：部分原因是他们捕杀了如此多的鲸鱼，而且距离很近，而且越来越难找到足够的鲸鱼来装满一艘船。

And voyages are becoming longer and longer and longer and, therefore, it's not economically sustainable.

航程变得越来越长，因此在经济上不可持续。

Narrator: But it was the recovery of a new kind of oil in the hills of western Pennsylvania in 1859 that would spell the real end of the American whale oil industry.

旁白：但 1859 年在宾夕法尼亚州西部山区发现了一种新型石油，这才标志着美国鲸油工业的真正终结。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: Colonel Edwin Drake in 1859, drilled a well in Titusville, Pennsylvania and up through the ground came an almost limitless supply of petroleum that could be turned into a flood of cheap kerosene.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），编剧：埃德温·德雷克上校于 1859 年在宾夕法尼亚州泰特斯维尔钻了一口井，从地下涌出几乎无限的石油供应，这些石油可以转化为大量廉价煤油。

And almost overnight, the whale oil industry went into steep decline.

几乎一夜之间，鲸油行业急剧下滑。

Mary K.

玛丽·K.

Bercaw Edwards, Melville Scholar: 1859, they discover petroleum.

梅尔维尔学者贝尔考·爱德华兹：1859 年，他们发现了石油。

1861 is the beginning of the Civil War.

1861年是南北战争的开始。

And with the Civil War comes the loss of so many whaleships.

随着内战的到来，大量捕鲸船消失了。

Approximately forty-five whaleships were sunk in the two Stone Fleets off Charleston and Savannah.

查尔斯顿和萨凡纳附近的两支石船舰队约有四十五艘捕鲸船被击沉。

Stuart Frank, New Bedford Whaling Museum: American whaling never really recovered from the depredations of the Civil War and the economic and technological changes that took place in the 1860s.

斯图尔特·弗兰克 (Stuart Frank)，新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆：美国捕鲸业从未真正从内战的掠夺以及 1860 年代发生的经济和技术变革中恢复过来。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: And then during the 1870s, there were major disasters in the Arctic, where dozens of whaleships were crushed in the ice.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），作家：然后在 1870 年代，北极发生了重大灾难，数十艘捕鲸船被压在冰里。

So it was a slow, long decline.

所以这是一个缓慢而长期的下降。

But after the 1850s, the whaling industry was only a shadow of its former self.

但 1850 年代之后，捕鲸业已是昔日的影子。

Narrator: For a few decades more, sustained mainly by the hunt for baleen whales in the Arctic, the American whale fishery limped on into the new century and down past the end of World War One as the profits steadily fell, and one by one, the ships were taken out of service.

旁白：接下来的几十年里，美国捕鲸业主要依靠北极地区的须鲸捕捞维持生计，进入新世纪后，在第一次世界大战结束后，利润不断下降，船只一艘接一艘地退役。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: At the end of World War I, there were only a couple of dozen whaleships remaining, and some of them were making more money as props in silent movies than they were whaling.

埃里克·杰伊·多林，作家：第一次世界大战结束时，只剩下几十艘捕鲸船，其中一些作为无声电影的道具赚的钱比捕鲸还多。

Narrator: The end finally came in the summer of 1924.

旁白：1924年夏天，结局终于到来了。

Eric Jay Dolin, Writer: In August of 1924, the Wanderer was tied up to the docks in New Bedford.

埃里克·杰伊·多林（Eric Jay Dolin），编剧：1924 年 8 月，流浪者号被拴在新贝德福德的码头上。

Hundreds of people were there to see it off, including dozens of journalists.

数百人到场送行，其中包括数十名记者。

And what had brought them down to the docks that day was a belief that the Wanderer was going to be the last of the Yankee whaleships to head out to sea.

那天让他们来到码头的原因是他们相信流浪者号将是最后一艘出海的洋基捕鲸船。

The next night, the Wanderer moored out in Buzzard's Bay, and a hurricane came up and sent it scuttling across the bay into Cuttyhunk rocks, where it was dashed against the rocks.

第二天晚上，流浪者号停泊在秃鹰湾，一场飓风袭来，它被吹过海湾，撞到了卡蒂汉克岩石上，在那里它被撞到了岩石上。

And that provided a fitting final scene for the great era of American whaling.

这为美国捕鲸的伟大时代提供了一个合适的最终场景。

Narrator: And so American whaling passed from the scene.

旁白：美国捕鲸就这样从现场消失了。

Though even as it did, around the world, the killing continued and intensified as the ships grew larger, and the technology improved, and the uses for whale products diversified.

尽管如此，在世界各地，随着船只变得越来越大、技术不断进步以及鲸鱼产品的用途多样化，捕杀仍在继续并加剧。

D.

D .

Graham Burnett, Historian: For all the enormous importance of the 19th century global whaling industry where the Americans were, of course, the dominant force.

历史学家格雷厄姆·伯内特：尽管 19 世纪全球捕鲸业具有巨大的重要性，但美国人当然是其中的主导力量。

What followed in the 20th century, with industrial whaling, represented a still larger extraction of resources from the world's oceans.

随后的 20 世纪，工业捕鲸代表了对世界海洋资源的更大规模的开采。

I mean, in essence, all the whales taken in the 19th century constituted a drop in the bucket with respect to the 20th century industry.

我的意思是，从本质上讲，19 世纪捕获的所有鲸鱼相对于 20 世纪的工业来说只是九牛一毛。

Narrator: As American whaling receded into memory and myth, its glory days would come increasingly to be commemorated, and kept alive in the public mind, by two fatefully interrelated events - one real and one imaginary.

旁白：随着美国捕鲸业逐渐消失在记忆和神话中，它的辉煌岁月将越来越多地被纪念，并通过两个致命的相互关联的事件——一个是真实的，一个是想象的——而在公众的心中永存。

One buried in the darkest and most irretrievable depths of whaling's past, the other destined first to sink into its own kind of oblivion but then to rise again triumphantly, long after its author was dead and gone - at once the greatest legacy of American whaling, and, in many ways, its greatest achievement.

一个被埋葬在捕鲸业历史最黑暗、最无法挽回的深处，另一个注定首先会陷入自己的遗忘，但在其作者去世很久之后，又会胜利地重新崛起——这既是美国捕鲸业最伟大的遗产，在许多方面也是其最伟大的成就。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: Years later, when a young woman asked her mother, "What is the Essex ?" The mother said, "Miss Molly, we do not talk about the Essex on Nantucket." It was the buried secret that everyone whispered about - but it was nothing that anyone publicly wanted to talk about.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：多年后，当一位年轻女子问她的母亲：“埃塞克斯号是什么？”母亲说：“莫莉小姐，我们不谈论楠塔基特岛的埃塞克斯号。”这是每个人都在窃窃私语的秘密——但没有人愿意公开谈论它。

All the survivors of the Essex would go back to sea, within months of their return.

埃塞克斯号的所有幸存者将在返回后的几个月内重返大海。

But Owen Chase, the most aggressive of all the whaleman, he was the one who would never be able to escape the tragedy.

但欧文·蔡斯（Owen Chase）是所有捕鲸人中最具攻击性的一个，他永远无法逃脱这场悲剧。

And even though he was able to have an exemplary whaling career, the Essex was something he could not shake.

尽管他的捕鲸生涯堪称典范，但埃塞克斯号却是他无法撼动的。

Because he would be the one who late in life would begin to hide food in his attic, would have headaches that he could not control, and would eventually have to be institutionalized.

因为他会是那个在晚年开始把食物藏在阁楼里的人，他会出现无法控制的头痛，最终不得不被送进精神病院。

And George Pollard?

乔治·波拉德呢？

He seems to have dealt with the disaster.

他似乎已经度过了这场灾难。

He would go back to sea on the whaleship Two Brothers and they fetch up on French Frigate Shoals, southwest of Hawaii, in a storm.

他会乘坐“两兄弟”号捕鲸船返回大海，然后在暴风雨中到达夏威夷西南部的法国护卫舰浅滩。

The ship is pounded to pieces by the coral, and that was the end of his whaling career.

船被珊瑚撞成了碎片，他的捕鲸生涯就此结束。

He would become the town night watchman.

他将成为镇上的守夜人。

Every November 20th, he would lock himself in his room and fast in memory of those who had died on the Essex.

每年11月20日，他都会把自己锁在房间里禁食，以纪念那些在埃塞克斯河上死去的人。

And everyone who met him, commented on what an extraordinary man he was, including Herman Melville the summer after he published Moby Dick who would write, in the back pages of his own copy of Owen Chase's Narrative of the Essex, "Met Captain Pollard on Nantucket.

每个见过他的人都评价他是一个多么非凡的人，包括赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在出版《白鲸记》后的那个夏天，他在自己的欧文·蔡斯的《埃塞克斯的叙述》的后页写道：“在楠塔基特岛遇见了波拉德船长。

To most islanders a nobody.

对于大多数岛民来说，他们是一个无名小卒。

To me, one of the most extraordinary men I have ever met." And after Melville dies, there is a note that's pasted to his writing desk, that says: "Keep true to the dreams of thy youth.

对我来说，他是我见过的最非凡的人之一。”梅尔维尔去世后，他的写字台上贴了一张纸条，上面写着：“忠于你年轻时的梦想。

" And I think with Moby Dick , he achieved those dreams.

“我认为通过《白鲸》，他实现了这些梦想。

I mean, with all the darkness included.

我的意思是，包括所有的黑暗。

And yet, it dropped silently into the reading public.

然而，它却悄无声息地进入了读者群。

Narrator: In 1919, 28 years after Herman Melville's death, and 68 years after the first failed publication of Moby Dick , the centennial of his birth sparked renewed interest in his neglected masterpiece.

旁白：1919 年，赫尔曼·梅尔维尔去世 28 年后，也是《白鲸》首次出版失败 68 年后，他的百年诞辰再次激发了人们对他被忽视的杰作的兴趣。

It would come to be recognized as one of the most imperishable achievements in the history of American literature, one that carried within it for an era even more recklessly expansive and oil-consuming than Melville's own - the seeds of a radical transformation in the way human beings understood their relation to each other, to other species and to the planet.

它后来被认为是美国文学史上最不朽的成就之一，它在一个比梅尔维尔的时代更加肆无忌惮地扩张和消耗石油的时代中，播下了人类理解彼此之间、与其他物种以及与地球的关系方式发生彻底转变的种子。

As if the restless energies that had propelled whalemen around the world had also helped propel a widening awareness that the one-time whaleman had found a way to put into words.

仿佛推动世界各地捕鲸人的不安的能量也帮助推动了人们越来越广泛的认识，即这位曾经的捕鲸人找到了一种用语言表达的方式。

Andrew Delbanco, Writer: I think, for instance, of the great chapter, later in the novel, called "The Grand Armada," in which we look through the surface of the ocean through Ishmael's eyes.

安德鲁·德尔班科（Andrew Delbanco），作家：例如，我想到小说后面的伟大章节，名为“大舰队”，其中我们通过以实玛利的眼睛看海面。

It's a tranquil day.

这是平静的一天。

He describes the surface of the ocean "as placid as a lake." And through the surface he sees the figures of mother whales nursing their young.

他形容海洋表面“像湖泊一样平静”。透过海面，他看到了母鲸正在哺育幼鲸的身影。

And the description is so exquisitely beautiful that you really feel as if you are in the presence of a writer who is, in effect, praying out loud.

这段描述是如此的精致美丽，让你感觉自己仿佛置身于一位作家面前，而他实际上正在大声祈祷。

This is the feeling of religious awe, that he is recovering from those moments as a young man aboard ship.

这是一种宗教敬畏的感觉，他正在从年轻时在船上的那些时刻中恢复过来。

Herman Melville (Robert Sean Leonard, voice-over): Far beneath this wondrous world upon the surface, another and still stranger world met our eyes as we gazed over the side.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（罗伯特·肖恩·伦纳德，画外音）：当我们从侧面凝视时，在这个奇妙的世界之下，另一个更加陌生的世界映入眼帘。

For suspended in those watery vaults, floated the forms of the nursing mothers of the whales, and those that by their enormous girth seemed shortly to become mothers.

因为在那些水汪汪的穹顶里悬浮着鲸鱼哺乳期母亲的身影，而那些体型巨大的鲸鱼似乎很快就会成为母亲。

And as human infants while suckling will calmly and fixedly gaze away from the breast, as if leading two different lives at the same time, and while yet drawing mortal nourishment, be still spiritually feasting upon some unearthly reminiscence.

就如人类婴儿在吃奶时，会平静而专注地把目光从乳房上移开，仿佛同时过着两种不同的生活，在汲取凡人营养的同时，仍在精神上享受着某种超凡脱俗的回忆。

Even so did the young of these whales seem looking up towards us, but not at us, as if we were but a bit of Gulf-weed in their newborn sight.

即便如此，这些鲸鱼的幼崽似乎抬头看着我们，但不是看着我们，就好像我们在它们新生的视线中只是一小片海湾杂草。

Herman Melville, 1851.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔，1851。

When Melville died in 1891, his death was noted in only one local newspaper, with a brief description of the "long forgotten" author.

1891 年梅尔维尔去世时，只有一份当地报纸报道了他的死讯，并简要描述了这位“早已被遗忘”的作者。

Listen to the whales in these audio recordings of whale vocalizations.

在这些鲸鱼发声的录音中聆听鲸鱼的声音。

Spanning three centuries, Into the Deep: American, Whaling & the World binds the story of American capitalism with a case study in maritime culture.

《深入深处：美国、捕鲸与世界》跨越三个世纪，将美国资本主义的故事与海洋文化的案例研究结合起来。

Dr. Tim Smith assembled a team of scientists and historians to determine the effects of 19th century American offshore whaling.

蒂姆·史密斯博士组建了一个由科学家和历史学家组成的团队来确定 19 世纪美国近海捕鲸的影响。

The whaling industry was immortalized through maps, paintings, and photographs.

捕鲸业通过地图、绘画和照片而永垂不朽。

Browse a gallery of images.

浏览图像库。

Whaling shanties were sung by the sailors to help pass the time and coordinate work out at sea.

水手们唱着捕鲸歌来打发时间并协调海上工作。

For hundreds of years, whale oil lit up the world and powered industry.

数百年来，鲸油照亮了世界并为工业提供动力。

Explore a timeline of major events.

探索重大事件的时间表。