George Wallace: Settin' the Woods on Fire
David McCullough, Series Host: Hello and welcome to The American Experience.
系列主持人大卫·麦卡洛：大家好，欢迎来到《美国经历》。
I'm David McCullough.
我是大卫·麦卡洛。
George Wallace was born in the year 1919, in the dirt-poor back country of southeastern Alabama, in a town called Clio, or Clio, the goddess of history -- and what history George Wallace made!
乔治·华莱士 (George Wallace) 于 1919 年出生在阿拉巴马州东南部一个极其贫穷的偏远乡村，一个名叫克里奥 (Clio) 的小镇，或者说历史女神克里奥 (Clio)，而乔治·华莱士 (George Wallace) 创造了多么伟大的历史！
What a turbulent, tragic path he blazed in the politics of twentieth-century America.
他在二十世纪美国政治中开辟了一条多么动荡、悲惨的道路。
At its simplest, his story might seem a raw chronicle of politics at the lowest level -- hypocrisy, opportunism, graft, and most repugnant of all, rampant exploitation of racism.
最简单地说，他的故事似乎是最低层政治的原始编年史——虚伪、机会主义、贪污，以及最令人厌恶的对种族主义的猖獗剥削。
But very little is ever simple and the story of George Wallace is no exception.
但没有什么是简单的，乔治·华莱士的故事也不例外。
At the start of his political rise, he was a liberal, indeed, he was considered the one of the most liberal judges in Alabama, a moderate on racial issues.
在政治崛起之初，他是一名自由主义者，事实上，他被认为是阿拉巴马州最自由的法官之一，在种族问题上是温和派。
He got his first notoriety with his fists, as a bantam-weight boxer at age 16.
16 岁时，他作为一名最轻量级拳击手，第一次因拳头而声名狼藉。
Even later, as governor and a candidate for the presidency, the jut of the jaw and lower lip gave him the look of someone always spoiling for a fight.
甚至后来，当了州长和总统候选人后，突出的下巴和下嘴唇让他看起来总是一副好斗的样子。
More than anything he loved the limelight and was driven by a hunger for power.
他最喜欢成为众人瞩目的焦点，并对权力充满渴望。
Playing to racial prejudice, he would fan a fire of rage for which countless men, women, and children paid a dreadful price.
他煽动种族偏见，煽动愤怒之火，无数男人、女人和儿童为此付出了可怕的代价。
More than two thousand years ago, Aristotle warned that democracies are most commonly corrupted by the "insolence" of demagogues.
两千多年前，亚里士多德警告说，民主国家最常因煽动者的“无礼”而腐败。
Was George Wallace, as many who knew him believe, a fundamentally decent man who would say anything to get elected?
乔治·华莱士是否像许多认识他的人所相信的那样，是一个本质上正派的人，为了当选可以说任何话？
Or was he just a plain, old-fashioned, dyed-in-the-wool demagogue?
或者他只是一个朴素、守旧、不折不扣的煽动家？
George Wallace: Settin' the Woods on Fire, Part I, by producers Paul Stekler and Daniel McCabe.
乔治·华莱士：点燃森林，第一部分，制片人保罗·斯特克勒和丹尼尔·麦凯布。
In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever.
以地球上最伟大的人民的名义，我在尘埃中划下界限，向暴政的脚下发出挑战，我说现在实行种族隔离，明天实行种族隔离，永远实行种族隔离。
RICK BRAGG, Writer, reading: Everybody seems to be here, everybody white.
里克·布拉格，作家，正在读：似乎每个人都在这里，每个人都是白人。
The city auditorium is packed with sweaty, jostling bodies and two little blond-haired boys try hard not to get stepped on as their momma, holding tight to their hands, steers them through the cheering crowd, a band is playing Dixie and someone is waving a Confederate battle flag, back and forth, back and forth.
市礼堂里挤满了汗流浃背、推搡的人，两个金发小男孩努力不被踩到，他们的妈妈紧紧握住他们的手，引导他们穿过欢呼的人群，一支乐队正在演奏迪克西，有人来回挥舞着南方邦联的战旗。
Sam and I stand together, understanding only a little of what is being said.
萨姆和我站在一起，只听懂了一点内容。
The governor talks about a lot of things.
州长谈论了很多事情。
But mostly he seems to be telling us that we are better than the Negroes.
但大多数时候，他似乎是在告诉我们，我们比黑人更好。
We had not known that we were better than anybody.
我们不知道我们比任何人都好。
J.
J。
L.
L。
CHESTNUT, Lawyer: Here’s a man of great talents, great skill, great charm, great everything.
切斯纳特，律师：这是一个才华横溢、技巧高超、魅力十足、一切都很棒的人。
But it was all focused in the wrong direction -- in the pursuit of power for the wrong reasons.
但这一切都集中在错误的方向上——为了错误的理由而追求权力。
That’s the great tragedy of George Wallace.
这就是乔治·华莱士的伟大悲剧。
GEORGE WALLACE: How in the name of common sense can you be too strong about segregation?
乔治·华莱士：以常识的名义，你怎么可能对种族隔离过于强烈呢？
You’re either for it or against it.
你要么支持，要么反对。
There’s not any middle ground as I know of.
据我所知，没有任何中间立场。
REV.
修订版。
FRED SHUTTLESWORTH, Civil Rights Leader: George Wallace caused a lot of suffering and a lot of misery, and I believe a lot of deaths.
弗雷德·沙特尔斯沃斯，民权领袖：乔治·华莱士造成了很多痛苦和痛苦，我相信有很多人死亡。
PAT BUCHANAN, Political Commentator: I don’t think the Governor owes anyone an apology.
政治评论员帕特·布坎南：我认为州长不欠任何人道歉。
How do you blame Governor Wallace who stands with his traditions and customs and state, and defies an entire national establishment?
你如何责怪华莱士州长坚持他的传统、习俗和国家，并蔑视整个国家机构？
BUCHANAN: Maybe you can say the cause was wrong, but I think the, uh, the man in many ways was right.
布坎南：也许你可以说原因是错误的，但我认为，呃，这个人在很多方面都是对的。
GEORGE WALLACE: They’ve never paid any attention to anything that the people of your state and my state did or said in the past.
乔治·华莱士：他们从来没有关注过你们州和我州人民过去所做或所说的任何事情。
They’ve called us rednecks.
他们称我们为乡下人。
There sure are a lot of rednecks in this country.
这个国家确实有很多乡下人。
NARR: To some, he was the embodiment of an American evil -- segregation.
纳尔：对某些人来说，他是美国罪恶——种族隔离的化身。
To others, he was a defender of Southern pride and the working man.
对于其他人来说，他是南方自豪感和工人阶级的捍卫者。
A politician willing to tell it like it is.
一个愿意照原样说出来的政治家。
GEORGE WALLACE: When does it come to have racial overtones in this country to stand for law and order?
乔治·华莱士：这个国家什么时候会带有种族色彩来代表法律和秩序？
NARR: He divided a nation.
纳尔：他分裂了一个国家。
GEORGE WALLACE: Why don’t you young punks get out of the auditorium?
乔治·华莱士：你们这些小混混为什么不离开礼堂呢？
NARR: And launched a conservative movement that transformed the country.
纳尔：并发起了一场改变国家的保守运动。
GEORGE WALLACE SUPPORTERS: We want Wallace!
乔治·华莱士的支持者：我们想要华莱士！
We want Wallace!
我们想要华莱士！
We want Wallace!
我们想要华莱士！
NARR: But his story is more than that.
纳尔：但他的故事远不止这些。
It’s the story of a young man trying to do right and a devil’s bargain to achieve power.
这是一个年轻人试图做正确的事，并通过魔鬼的交易来获得权力的故事。
It’s the story of a loving wife and a turbulent marriage that ends in tragedy.
这是一个关于一位慈爱的妻子和一段以悲剧告终的动荡婚姻的故事。
It’s the story of an old man seeking forgiveness and redemption from the very people he had scorned.
这是一个老人向他所蔑视的人寻求宽恕和救赎的故事。
And it’s the story of five bullets and what they took.
这是关于五颗子弹以及他们所拿走的东西的故事。
NARR: A saga of America in the twentieth century and the private journey of a man’s soul.
纳尔：二十世纪美国的传奇故事和一个人灵魂的私人旅程。
The life of George Wallace.
乔治·华莱士的一生。
NARR: George Wallace: Settin’ the Woods on Fire GEORGE WALLACE: During the next four years, many problems will arise in the matter of segregation and civil rights, as a result of judicial decisions.
纳尔：乔治·华莱士：放火烧树林 乔治·华莱士：在接下来的四年里，由于司法判决，种族隔离和公民权利问题将会出现许多问题。
Having served as judge of the 3rd Judicial Circuit of Alabama, I feel, my friends, that this judicial experience, will be invaluable to me as your governor.
我的朋友们，我曾担任阿拉巴马州第三巡回法院的法官，我认为这种司法经验对于我作为你们的州长来说将是无价的。
CHESTNUT: Judge George Wallace was the most liberal judge that I had ever practiced law in front of.
栗子：乔治·华莱士法官是我执业过的最开明的法官。
He was the first judge in Alabama to call me "Mister" in a courtroom.
他是阿拉巴马州第一位在法庭上称呼我“先生”的法官。
George Wallace said, "Mr. Chestnut," and I was almost shocked to hear that, it was so unusual.
乔治·华莱士说：“切斯特纳特先生。”听到这句话我几乎感到震惊，这太不寻常了。
GEORGE WALLACE: And I want to tell the good people of this state, as a judge of the 3rd Judicial Circuit, if I didn’t have what it took to treat a man fair, regardless of his color, then I don’t have what it takes to be the governor of your great state.
乔治·华莱士：作为第三巡回法院的法官，我想告诉这个州的好人们，如果我不具备公平对待一个人的能力，无论他的肤色如何，那么我就不具备成为你们这个伟大州的州长的能力。
NARR: In 1958, Judge George Wallace was an Alabama liberal, running for governor.
纳尔：1958 年，乔治·华莱士法官是一位阿拉巴马州自由派人士，竞选州长。
He tried to balance two ambitions -- to help the poor - and himself.
他试图平衡两个野心——帮助穷人——和他自己。
RICHARD FLOWERS, College Friend: George Wallace was a very unusual individual.
理查德·弗劳尔斯，大学好友：乔治·华莱士是一个非常不寻常的人。
I think he, he was a real human.
我认为他，他是一个真正的人。
He wanted to do for the, for the downtrodden, but it became politically unpopular to do for the downtrodden if he was black.
他想为受压迫者做事，但如果他是黑人，为受压迫者做事在政治上就变得不受欢迎。
NARR: George Corley Wallace understood poverty.
纳尔：乔治·科利·华莱士了解贫困。
He’d seen it first hand.
他亲眼所见。
He was born in 1919 in the small town of Clio in Barbour County, Alabama.
1919 年，他出生于阿拉巴马州巴伯县的克利奥小镇。
Though home to a privileged few, the county was overwhelmingly poor.
尽管这个县是少数特权阶层的家园，但它却极其贫穷。
Its population almost evenly split between black and white.
其人口几乎均匀分布在黑人和白人之间。
Wallace’s parents were neither struggling sharecroppers nor of the plantation aristocracy.
华莱士的父母既不是苦苦挣扎的佃农，也不是种植园贵族。
"We are not poor," his mother told him.
“我们并不穷，”他的母亲告诉他。
"We have plenty to eat, -- and we have screen doors." DAN CARTER, Biographer: Wallace comes from a, not well-to-do, but a respectable middle class family.
“我们有足够的食物，——而且我们有纱门。”传记作者丹·卡特：华莱士来自一个虽不富裕但受人尊敬的中产阶级家庭。
His grandfather was a doctor, well-respected.
他的祖父是一位医生，很受人尊敬。
Uh, ran a drugstore, small landowner, but by the time George Wallace is born, the family, like so many in the South, has fallen on hard times.
呃，经营一家药店，小地主，但当乔治·华莱士出生时，这个家庭和南方的许多家庭一样，已经陷入困境。
And so, while Wallace wasn't part of the desperate poor, he was poor.
因此，虽然华莱士不属于绝望的穷人，但他确实很穷。
NARR: Accompanying his grandfather -- the county doctor -- on house calls, George got an intimate glimpse into the lives of his neighbors.
纳尔：乔治陪同他的祖父（县医生）出诊，深入了解了邻居的生活。
CORNELIA WALLACE: Many of the children, black and white, down in Barbour County were delivered by Doctor Wallace, and there are many Wallace children down there named after the grandfather.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：巴伯县的许多孩子，无论是黑人还是白人，都是由华莱士医生接生的，那里有许多华莱士的孩子以祖父的名字命名。
But it bothered George to see people being without food, people who had to pay with a, a potato or a chicken.
但乔治看到人们没有食物，不得不用土豆或鸡肉来付钱，这让乔治很烦恼。
They just didn’t have money out in the country.
他们只是在国内没有钱。
The Depression years made an indelible mark on his life.
大萧条时期给他的人生留下了不可磨灭的印记。
It was a very desperate time.
那是一段非常绝望的时期。
NARR: Despite the hard times, the Wallace family grew.
纳尔：尽管经历了困难时期，华莱士家族还是成长了。
George was followed by Gerald, then Jack.
乔治之后是杰拉德，然后是杰克。
And eleven years later, Marianne.
十一年后，玛丽安。
Their mother Mozelle, at one time, an aspiring pianist, tempered the family's harsh pioneer-like existence with a pursuit of refinement.
他们的母亲莫泽尔（Mozelle）曾是一位有抱负的钢琴家，她以追求精致的方式调和了家庭严酷的先驱式生活。
Classical music, books, and every Sunday, a march to the Methodist Church where she played hymns.
古典音乐、书籍，以及每周日前往卫理公会教堂的游行，她在那里演奏赞美诗。
George's father had a quick wit and a flair for conversation.
乔治的父亲思维敏捷，很有谈话天赋。
But also a dark side.
但也有黑暗的一面。
An explosive temper and a fondness for the bottle.
暴躁的脾气和对瓶子的喜爱。
"He was a bad one for getting into fights," an acquaintance recalled.
“他是一个不喜欢打架的人，”一位熟人回忆道。
"He’d fight ‘em all." CARTER: His father was something of a ne'er do well, who despite his, his support from his father, simply wasn't able to make it.
“他会和他们所有人战斗。”卡特：他的父亲表现不佳，尽管有他父亲的支持，他还是没能成功。
I think clearly Wallace wanted, he didn't want that to happen to him.
我认为显然华莱士想要，他不希望这种事发生在他身上。
He did not want to be perceived as a kind of failure.
他不想被视为失败者。
And in Barbour County, in the 1930s, there wasn't much of a way out of that place, if you had ambition, except in politics.
在 20 世纪 30 年代的巴伯县，如果你有野心，除了政治之外，没有什么出路可以离开那个地方。
NARR: Wallace’s tiny county had produced five Alabama governors.
纳尔：华莱士的小县曾产生过五位阿拉巴马州州长。
Politics were sport, entertainment, a way of life.
政治是体育、娱乐、一种生活方式。
PEGGY WALLACE KENNEDY, Daughter: My grandmother, his mother, would tell me stories about on Saturday, they would always find daddy downtown at the, at the, at the center of the town where the courthouse was, or where people gathered and played checkers and that kind of thing, just shaking people’s hands.
佩吉·华莱士·肯尼迪，女儿：我的祖母，他的母亲，会给我讲星期六的故事，他们总是会在市中心、法院所在地、或者人们聚集在一起玩跳棋之类的地方找到爸爸，只是与人们握手。
GEORGE WALLACE, JR., Son: When he was a very young boy in, in Clio, five- and six-years old, and he would see someone new in Clio he had not seen, he would walk up to them as a five- or six-year old and shake their hand, and say, "Welcome to Clio, if I can do anything for you, let me know." NARR: Just watching his father count votes in a local election, Wallace later recalled, was so exciting -- it was like watching someone water ski for the first time.
小乔治·华莱士的儿子：当他还是克里奥的一个很小的男孩时，五六岁，他会在克里奥看到一个他从未见过的新人，他会像五六岁的孩子一样走到他们面前，与他们握手，然后说：“欢迎来到克里奥，如果我能为你做点什么，请告诉我。”纳尔：华莱士后来回忆道，看着他父亲在地方选举中计票就非常令人兴奋——就像第一次看有人滑水一样。
CARTER: Wallace from the time he was 13 years old, was, uh, obsessed, is not too strong a word, with the political process.
卡特：华莱士从 13 岁起就对政治进程着迷，这个词并不重。
He lived politics, he ate politics, he absorbed it.
他以政治为生，以政治为食，并吸收政治。
He was exhilarated by it.
他为此感到兴奋。
And he said, in fact, from the time that he got to the state capitol when he was 14 years old.
他说，事实上，从他14岁到州议会大厦开始。
He stood on the spot where Jefferson Davis had taken the oath of office as the first president of the Confederacy and as he said, swore to himself, "I'm going to be governor someday." NARR: Another Wallace passion was boxing.
他站在杰斐逊·戴维斯宣誓就任联邦第一任总统的地方，正如他所说，他向自己发誓：“有一天我要成为州长。”纳尔：华莱士的另一个爱好是拳击。
By his late teens, he was a Golden Gloves champion, two years in a row.
在他十几岁的时候，他连续两年获得金手套冠军。
GEORGE WALLACE, JR, Son: There’s a picture of my father that he took home, uh, after, uh, winning a, a, a bout, and he’s throwing a good right hand.
小乔治华莱士，儿子：有一张我父亲的照片，他带回家，呃，呃，赢了一场，一场比赛，他的右手打得很好。
And the gentleman he hit in the nose has blood flowing from the punch, and it’s just a perfect picture.
而被他打中鼻子的那位先生，一拳鲜血直流，简直就是一幅完美的画面。
NARR: For many who knew Wallace, boxing would become a metaphor for his later, combative political style.
纳尔：对于许多认识华莱士的人来说，拳击将成为他后来好斗的政治风格的隐喻。
He always came out swinging.
他总是摇摇晃晃地出来。
But Wallace would prove a cagier fighter outside the ring, carefully choosing his opponents, often waiting for their first move before throwing a devastating counterpunch.
但华莱士在场外证明了自己是一位谨慎的斗士，他会仔细选择对手，经常等待对手的第一步行动，然后再进行毁灭性的反击。
A brilliant and instinctive opportunist.
一个才华横溢、本能的机会主义者。
Wallace graduated from the University of Alabama with a law degree in June 1942.
1942 年 6 月，华莱士毕业于阿拉巴马大学，获得法律学位。
A month later, with a friend Glen Curlee, he met a clerk in a five-and-dime store in Tuscaloosa.
一个月后，他和朋友格伦·柯利 (Glen Curlee) 在塔斯卡卢萨的一家五毛钱商店遇到了一名店员。
"There she was," he said.
“她就在那儿，”他说。
"Olive complexioned with auburn hair." GLEN CURLEE, College Friend: He said, "Well, I’m gonna get a date with her." I said, "George, you know there’s a law against contributing to the delinquency of a minor." I said, "What’s her name?" Said, "I haven’t met her yet." I said, "Then how you gonna get a date?" He said, "You just wait and see." So he came back in a few minutes, said "I got a date with her tonight." I said, "What’s her name?" He said, "Lurleen Burns." GEORGE WALLACE’ (from an archival source): Well, I met my wife right after she finished high school when she was only 16 years of age.
“橄榄色肤色，赤褐色头发。” GLEN CURLEE，大学朋友：他说，“好吧，我要和她约会。”我说：“乔治，你知道有一条法律禁止未成年人犯罪。”我说：“她叫什么名字？”说：“我还没见过她。”我说：“那你要怎么约会呢？”他说：“你等着瞧吧。”几分钟后他回来了，说：“今晚我和她有个约会。”我说：“她叫什么名字？”他说：“露琳·伯恩斯。”乔治·华莱士（来自档案来源）：嗯，我的妻子高中毕业后就遇到了她，当时她只有 16 岁。
‘Course I didn’t realize how young she was.
“我当然没有意识到她有多年轻。
She was very pretty.
她非常漂亮。
And there was just some little twist or sparkle about her.
她身上有一些小小的扭曲或闪光。
NARR: George fell hard for the working class girl, and she for him.
纳尔：乔治深深地爱上了这个工人阶级女孩，而她也爱上了他。
But they shared few interests.
但他们的共同兴趣很少。
Lurleen was known by family friends as a tomboy, who enjoyed the outdoors.
卢琳被家人朋友称为假小子，喜欢户外活动。
"Politics," she later said, "was something daddy discussed." NARR: Despite their differences, by George’s account, they were "desperately in love" and soon married.
“政治，”她后来说，“是爸爸讨论的话题。”纳尔：尽管他们存在分歧，但根据乔治的说法，他们“极度相爱”并很快结婚了。
By the end of 1944, they had their first child Bobbi Jo and scraped by, living in a converted chicken coop near a military base in New Mexico.
1944 年底，他们生下了第一个孩子波比·乔 (Bobbi Jo)，他们住在新墨西哥州军事基地附近一个改建的鸡舍里，勉强度日。
With World War II raging overseas, George had entered the Army Air Corps, but turned down Officer Candidate School.
随着第二次世界大战在海外肆虐，乔治进入了陆军航空队，但拒绝了军官候补学校。
After the war, he reasoned that there’d be more enlisted men voting than officers.
战后，他推断投票的士兵会比军官多。
NARR: In 1946 twenty-seven-year-old George Wallace won his first election, as state representative for Barbour County.
纳尔：1946 年，27 岁的乔治·华莱士作为巴伯县的州代表赢得了他的第一次选举。
An observer commented, "Hell, George knew every voter down to the chicken thieves." NARR: The new legislator was a whirlwind of energy.
一位观察家评论道：“天啊，乔治认识每一个选民，连小偷都认识。”纳尔：新立法者充满活力。
In his first year, he introduced over 50 bills, many of them programs for the poor, paid for by new taxes on the rich.
在他上任的第一年，他提出了 50 多项法案，其中许多是针对穷人的计划，费用是通过对富人征收新税来支付的。
RAY JENKINS, Alabama Journal : He had a reputation as something of a quote "socialist." He, he sponsored all of this, uh, legislation that would bring industry to the state and that sort of thing.
雷·詹金斯（RAY JENKINS），《阿拉巴马州日报》：他享有“社会主义者”的名声。他，他赞助了所有这些，呃，立法，将工业引入国家以及诸如此类的事情。
Uh, but mainly he was identified with the Jim Folsom wing of politics, the very progressive, liberal faction of, uh, Alabama politics.
呃，但主要是他被认为是吉姆·福尔瑟姆政治派系，这是阿拉巴马州政治中非常进步、自由的派系。
NARR: Big Jim Folsom, a twice-elected governor, dominated the post-war politics of Alabama.
纳尔：大吉姆·福尔瑟姆，两次当选州长，主导了阿拉巴马州的战后政治。
No politician would influence Wallace more.
没有哪个政治家对华莱士的影响比他更大。
And Big Jim was living proof that progressive politics could lead to the governorship.
大吉姆就是活生生的例子，证明进步政治可以带来州长职位。
CARTER: To Big Jim Folsom politics was about economic power.
卡特：对大吉姆·福尔瑟姆来说，政治关乎经济实力。
To represent poor and struggling working class and even middle class people against elites, against the forces of economic power that he felt like were constantly trying to, uh, keep them down.
代表贫穷和挣扎的工人阶级，甚至中产阶级反对精英，反对他认为不断试图压制他们的经济力量。
ZECOZY WILLIAMS, Folsom Supporter: I went to one of his rallies.
泽科齐·威廉姆斯，福尔瑟姆支持者：我参加了他的一场集会。
He had this song, "Y’all come, y’all come." When you say, "Y’all come," that mean-- that didn’t say Negro nor white.
他有这首歌，“你们都来了，你们都来了。”当你说“你们都来”时，意思是——这并不是说黑人或白人。
He say, "Y’all come." ROLAND JOHNSON, Folsom Campaign Bandleader: [strums guitar] If you’re living in the country, everybody is your neighbor.
他说：“你们都来吧。”罗兰·约翰逊（ROLAND JOHNSON），福尔瑟姆竞选乐队队长：[弹吉他]如果你住在乡下，每个人都是你的邻居。
On this one thing, you can rely.
在这一点上，你可以信赖。
They will all come to see you, and never, ever leave you, saying y’all come to see us by and by.
他们都会来看你，永远不会离开你，说你们很快就会来看我们。
NARR: Folsom’s "Y’all come" reflected his steadfast resistance to the siren call of racism.
纳尔：福尔瑟姆的“你们都来”反映了他对种族主义诱惑的坚定抵制。
SHUTTLESWORTH: I think he wanted to make adjustments.
SHUTTLLESWORTH：我认为他想要做出调整。
He was one of the officials that I think were not rabid.
我认为他是不狂热的官员之一。
He was not a rabid segregationist.
他并不是一个狂热的种族隔离主义者。
He was not a hater.
他不是一个仇恨者。
NARR: To Big Jim, the poor were the poor, regardless of color, a view the young George Wallace seemed to share.
纳尔：对大吉姆来说，穷人就是穷人，无论肤色如何，年轻的乔治·华莱士似乎也认同这一观点。
CARTER: The, the one thing that uh, that Wallace asked Folsom for directly was an appointment to the Tuskegee Board of Trustees, the state’s most prestigious black, uh, uh, college, university.
卡特：华莱士直接向福尔瑟姆请求的一件事是塔斯基吉董事会的任命，这是该州最负盛名的黑人，呃，呃，学院，大学。
BOB INGRAM, Montgomery Advertiser : Unheard of that a white man from Alabama, from Barbour County, South Alabama, would want to be on that board.
蒙哥马利广告商鲍勃·英格拉姆：闻所未闻，来自阿拉巴马州南阿拉巴马州巴伯县的白人想要加入该委员会。
And I think that was the real George Wallace.
我认为那是真正的乔治·华莱士。
CARTER: Folsom once, once said that he thought Wallace was just a little too far ahead of his time.
卡特：福尔瑟姆曾经说过，他认为华莱士有点太超前于他的时代了。
That he really believed that Wallace was already thinking about the time in the future when blacks would be voting in Alabama, and he wanted to be there on the ground floor.
他真的相信华莱士已经在考虑将来黑人在阿拉巴马州投票的时间，他想在一楼投票。
JOHNSON: Oh, y’all come to see Jim now and then.
约翰逊：哦，你们偶尔会来看吉姆。
[finishes with guitar flourish] NARR: In 1952 Wallace won election as a circuit judge in Clayton, Alabama.
[以吉他的华丽结束] NARR：1952 年，华莱士赢得了阿拉巴马州克莱顿巡回法官的选举。
The populism he practiced from the bench impressed even those who one day would be his fiercest opponents.
他在替补席上推行的民粹主义甚至给那些有朝一日成为他最激烈反对者的人留下了深刻的印象。
CHESTNUT: Wallace was for the underdog.
栗子：华莱士是支持失败者的。
I was representing some poor black farmers at-- they had, uh, been stripped of their cotton by a major cotton oil processor in Birmingham, and they sent down these high-priced lawyers and all that.
我代表一些贫穷的黑人农民，呃，他们的棉花被伯明翰的一家主要棉油加工商剥夺了，他们派了这些高价律师等等。
And Walla-- Wallace was sitting there looking at ‘em, and I was sitting over at another table with my little clients in overalls and all of that.
华拉——华莱士坐在那里看着他们，我和我的小客户坐在另一张桌子旁，穿着工作服之类的。
And these people looked down on us, these lawyers did.
这些人瞧不起我们，这些律师就是这么做的。
They wouldn’t even, wouldn’t even refer to us as plaintiffs.
他们甚至不会称我们为原告。
They just said, "those people," with a good deal of scorn.
他们只是带着轻蔑的口吻说“那些人”。
And you could see Wallace getting tense over that and, and giving them the eye.
你可以看到华莱士对此感到紧张，并且注视着他们。
And finally he said to them, said, "When you address Mr. Chestnut from now on, you will address him as Mr. Chestnut.
最后他对他们说：“从现在起，当你们称呼栗子先生时，就称呼他为栗子先生。
You will refer to his clients as the plaintiffs.
您将把他的客户称为原告。
Do you understand?" And they understood.
你明白吗？”他们明白了。
And Wallace ruled against them and ruled for me in every case.
华莱士在每一个案件中都做出了对他们不利的裁决，并为我做出了裁决。
If I was asking for 100 dollars, I got 150 dollars.
如果我要 100 美元，我会得到 150 美元。
He was sitting without a jury.
他坐在没有陪审团的情况下。
So Wallace was quite different from the rest of the judges in Alabama.
因此，华莱士与阿拉巴马州的其他法官有很大不同。
NARR: At age 14, George Wallace had vowed to someday become governor.
纳尔：14 岁时，乔治·华莱士 (George Wallace) 发誓有一天要成为州长。
In 1958, at age 39, he made his move.
1958年，39岁的他迈出了第一步。
But he now faced a new political force, one that would pit his compassion for the poor against his hunger for power.
但他现在面临着一股新的政治力量，这种力量将使他对穷人的同情与他对权力的渴望相抗衡。
The arrest three years earlier of Rosa Parks in Montgomery for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, had grown into a Negro boycott of the city’s segregated buses, and had given rise to a mass movement for civil rights, led by a young minister named Martin Luther King, Jr. The protest left white Alabamians feeling under siege.
三年前，罗莎·帕克斯 (Rosa Parks) 在蒙哥马利因拒绝将公交车座位让给白人而被捕，这件事后来演变成黑人对该市隔离公交车的抵制，并引发了一场由年轻部长马丁·路德·金 (Martin Luther King, Jr.) 领导的大规模民权运动。这次抗议让阿拉巴马州的白人感到受到了围攻。
In his campaign, Wallace tried to find some middle ground.
在竞选中，华莱士试图找到一些中间立场。
Though he supported segregation, his moderate position gained the endorsement of the civil rights organization, the N.A.A.C.P.
尽管他支持种族隔离，但他的温和立场得到了民权组织全国有色人种协进会（N.A.A.C.P.）的认可。
CARTER: Even when Wallace adopts a segregationist position as he does very strongly in the mid-1950s, he still somehow feels that he can be a moderate segregationist.
卡特：即使华莱士在 20 世纪 50 年代中期采取了非常强烈的种族隔离立场，他仍然觉得自己可以成为一名温和的种族隔离主义者。
He tries to run as a responsible segregationist.
他试图以负责任的种族隔离主义者的身份参选。
He speaks against the Klan for example, and he tries to continue the same themes that have carried Folsom to victory.
例如，他发表反对三K党的言论，并试图继续使福尔瑟姆取得胜利的相同主题。
NARR: Wallace’s opponent had other ideas.
纳尔：华莱士的对手有其他想法。
John Patterson, the state’s attorney general, had used the courts to drive civil rights activists out of Alabama.
该州总检察长约翰·帕特森曾利用法院将民权活动人士赶出阿拉巴马州。
He approved of the death sentence for a black man convicted of stealing a dollar and ninety-five cents -- from a white woman.
他批准对一名因从一名白人妇女那里偷窃一美元和九十五美分而被定罪的黑人判处死刑。
And Patterson left no doubt where he stood on integration.
帕特森毫不怀疑他在一体化问题上的立场。
John Patterson: Once you let the bar down, it’s all over.
约翰·帕特森：一旦你放下了标准，一切就都结束了。
And, and I’m not for token integration or any kind of integration.
而且，我不赞成代币集成或任何类型的集成。
And I think that some of the people in the state who’ve been advocating token integration have already, uh, sold us out before the fight even starts.
我认为该州一些一直提倡代币整合的人在战斗开始之前就已经出卖了我们。
VIRGINIA DURR: John Patterson was my cousin.
弗吉尼亚·杜尔：约翰·帕特森是我的表弟。
My mother was a Patterson.
我的母亲是帕特森家族的人。
And John Patterson’s father was a very fine man.
约翰·帕特森的父亲是一个非常好的人。
And John Patterson, I think, a perfectly intelligent person, but he ran for governor on the worst racist platform you’ve ever seen in your life.
我认为约翰·帕特森是一个非常聪明的人，但他在你一生中见过的最糟糕的种族主义平台上竞选州长。
Just as racist as it could possibly be.
就像种族主义一样。
NARR: Just before the election, a newspaper exposed close connections between Patterson's campaign and the Ku Klux Klan.
纳尔：就在选举之前，一份报纸揭露了帕特森的竞选团队与三K党之间的密切联系。
In the past, that alliance would have cost a candidate the votes of moderates.
在过去，这种联盟会让候选人失去温和派的选票。
But in Alabama in 1958, the middle ground had disappeared.
但 1958 年的阿拉巴马州，中间立场已经消失。
GEORGE WALLACE: And I want to tell the good people of this state as a judge of the 3rd Judicial Circuit, if I didn’t have what it took to treat a man fair regardless of his color, then I don’t have what it takes to be the governor of your great state.
乔治·华莱士：作为第三巡回法院的法官，我想告诉这个州的好人们，如果我没有能力公平地对待一个人，无论他的肤色如何，那么我就没有能力成为你们这个伟大州的州长。
NARR: The final runoff wasn’t even close.
NARR：最终决选的比分甚至相差甚远。
Patterson was swept to victory, Wallace was devastated, his lifelong dream shattered.
帕特森大获全胜，华莱士悲痛欲绝，他一生的梦想破灭了。
BILL JONES, Wallace Campaign Staff: It’s one of the few times in Wallace’s career that he didn’t really understand what the people were thinking.
比尔·琼斯，华莱士竞选团队成员：这是华莱士职业生涯中为数不多的一次他没有真正理解人们在想什么的情况之一。
He knew segregation was an issue.
他知道种族隔离是一个问题。
But he did not realize that it was the tough mean issue that it was in nineteen hundred and fifty-eight.
但他没有意识到，这是 1958 年最棘手的问题。
NARR: 1958 was a turning point for George Wallace.
纳尔：1958 年对于乔治·华莱士来说是一个转折点。
The defeat would change him, the future of Alabama, and the political landscape of the entire country.
这次失败将改变他、阿拉巴马州的未来以及整个国家的政治格局。
CHESTNUT: George Wallace with his keen political antenna, understood immediately why he had lost.
栗子：乔治·华莱士凭借敏锐的政治触角，立即明白了自己为何失败。
And I think he decided at that point that he would exploit race to the extent it took necessary that we -- that he considered necessary to win.
我认为他当时就决定，他将利用种族优势，达到我们——他认为获胜所必需的程度。
JENKINS: And in doing that, he made a Faustian bargain.
詹金斯：在这样做的过程中，他做了一个浮士德式的交易。
He uh-- the one time progressive decided to sell his soul for the governorship.
他呃——这位曾经的进步人士决定为了州长职位出卖自己的灵魂。
And, uh, he could never turn back on that fully.
而且，呃，他永远无法完全恢复这一点。
SEYMORE TRAMMELL, Barbour Co. District Attorney: George Wallace came back to the district after the defeat, back to our county, and he asked me if I would come over to his office and talk with him.
西摩尔·特拉梅尔（SEYMORE TRAMMELL），巴伯县地方检察官：乔治·华莱士（George Wallace）在战败后回到了该地区，回到了我们的县，他问我是否愿意去他的办公室和他谈谈。
So I did.
所以我做到了。
And he said, "Seymore, you know why I lost that governor’s race?" I said, "I’m not sure, uh, Judge.
他说：“西莫尔，你知道我为什么输掉州长竞选吗？”我说：“我不确定，呃，法官。
What do you think?" He said, "Seymore, I was outniggered by John Patterson.
你觉得怎么样？”他说：“西莫尔，我被约翰·帕特森打败了。
And I’ll tell you here and now, I will never be outniggered again." CARTER: After George Wallace lost in 1958, it was, uh, his first defeat he had ever suffered in anything he had ever run for.
我现在就告诉你，我再也不会被黑了。”卡特：乔治·华莱士在 1958 年失败后，呃，这是他在他所竞选的任何事情上遭受的第一次失败。
Um, and those around him, newspaper people who covered him, his friends, noticed a real change in his personality.
嗯，他周围的人，报道他的报纸人士，他的朋友，注意到他的性格发生了真正的变化。
He drank for the first time.
他第一次喝酒。
Uh, he was never a serious drinker, but it didn’t take but a couple of drinks to throw him off balance, um.
呃，他从来都不是一个严重的饮酒者，但只喝了几杯就让他失去了平衡，嗯。
He, he began, um, uh, having sexual liaisons in a pretty indiscriminate and careless kind of way during that period.
他,他开始,嗯,呃,在那段时期,以一种相当不分青红皂白、粗心大意的方式发生性关系。
He moved his family to Montgomery, sort of dropped them off at an apartment there, and hit the road, planning for the next election.
他举家搬到了蒙哥马利，把他们送到了那里的一间公寓，然后就上路了，为下一次选举做准备。
KENNEDY: Well, he was gone a lot.
肯尼迪：嗯，他已经走了很多次了。
But, you see, he was always gone, so it wasn’t new to, uh, us children.
但是，你看，他总是不在，所以这对我们这些孩子来说并不新鲜。
I think that for mother it was different.
我认为对于母亲来说这是不同的。
I think it’s, was just, uh, real different for her.
我认为这对她来说，呃，真的很不同。
NARR: For Lurleen, this was a trying time.
纳尔：对于露琳来说，这是一段艰难的时期。
She had two more children to raise, Peggy and George Junior, little money and an absent husband.
她还有两个孩子要抚养，佩吉和小乔治，钱很少，丈夫却不在身边。
She filed for divorce, only to be talked out of it.
她提出离婚，但遭到劝阻。
ANITA SMITH, Biographer: I don’t think there’s any secret that some of his absenteeism from the home life bothered her.
安妮塔·史密斯（ANITA SMITH），传记作者：我认为他缺席家庭生活的一些行为让她感到困扰，这并不是什么秘密。
And I asked her point-blank one time, I said, were you really thinking about divorcing George?
有一次我直截了当地问她，我说，你真的考虑过和乔治离婚吗？
And she side-stepped it.
她回避了它。
NARR: Faced with political oblivion, a desperate Wallace vowed to win with a new strategy to win the next governor’s race -- unbridled support of segregation.
纳尔：面对政治遗忘，绝望的华莱士发誓要以新策略赢得下一届州长竞选——肆无忌惮地支持种族隔离。
Within months, Wallace found a way back into the headlines -- though it meant sacrificing an old friend.
几个月之内，华莱士找到了重新成为头条新闻的方法——尽管这意味着牺牲一位老朋友。
INGRAM: You know, in politics, and in every pursuit I suppose, luck has a lot to do with it.
英格拉姆：你知道，在政治中，在我认为的每一个追求中，运气都与它有很大关系。
Uh, nothing-- he couldn’t have written a better scenario than the confrontation that came the next year with, uh, Federal Judge Frank Johnson here in Montgomery.
呃，没什么——他不可能写出比明年在蒙哥马利与联邦法官弗兰克·约翰逊的对峙更好的场景了。
NARR: Wallace knew Frank Johnson from college where they had been close friends.
纳尔：华莱士在大学时就认识弗兰克·约翰逊，他们是亲密的朋友。
In 1959, Johnson, now a federal judge ordered Alabama’s voting records turned over to a federal commission investigating discrimination against black voters.
1959 年，现任联邦法官的约翰逊下令将阿拉巴马州的投票记录移交给一个联邦委员会，调查对黑人选民的歧视。
Only one local circuit judge refused to comply, for the new hard-line segregationist, it was show time.
只有一名当地巡回法官拒绝遵守，对于新的强硬种族隔离主义者来说，现在是表现的时候了。
GEORGE WALLACE: I will not comply and I will not produce records as requested by this subpoena issued by the Civil Rights Commission here in Montgomery, Alabama.
乔治·华莱士：我不会遵守，也不会按照阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利民权委员会发出的传票的要求提供记录。
Uh, this Civil Rights Commission, in my opinion, is a commission formed by the influence of carpetbaggers and it’s going to wind up acting as a kangaroo and a mock court.
呃，这个民权委员会，在我看来，是一个受地毯式骗子影响而成立的委员会，它最终会充当袋鼠和模拟法庭。
INGRAM: What he wanted more than anything was to be found in contempt and be put in jail for a day.
英格拉姆：他最想要的就是被人蔑视并被关进监狱一天。
That would have been ideal.
那将是理想的。
He’d be a martyr now.
他现在已经是一名烈士了。
He’d gone to jail to protect their way of life.
他入狱是为了保护他们的生活方式。
NARR: Late on a January night, Wallace arranged to secretly meet his friend Johnson.
纳尔：一月的一个深夜，华莱士安排秘密会见他的朋友约翰逊。
Judge Frank Johnson: He says, Judge, my ass is in a crack.
弗兰克·约翰逊法官：他说，法官，我的屁股裂开了。
We had a cup of coffee and, uh, that’s when he sa-- asked me if I would send him to jail just a little while, it would help him politically.
我们喝了一杯咖啡，呃，就在那时他问我是否愿意把他送进监狱一会儿，这在政治上对他有帮助。
I told him, no, if he didn’t comply with my order I would send him to jail for as long as I could.
我告诉他，不，如果他不遵守我的命令，我会尽可能把他送进监狱。
NARR: Wallace found a way out.
纳尔：华莱士找到了出路。
He avoided jail be giving up the voting records.
他通过交出投票记录避免了牢狱之灾。
He had lost, but in public, he claimed victory, insisting he had successfully defied the federal courts.
他输了，但在公开场合，他声称自己获胜，坚称自己成功地藐视了联邦法院。
GEORGE WALLACE: The action today shows that if you resist them to the hilt, they will back down and they will hunt anyway they can to back down.
乔治·华莱士：今天的行动表明，如果你全力抵抗他们，他们就会退缩，并且会尽其所能地寻找退缩的机会。
INGRAM: Wallace continued to tell the people and the public that he had defied a federal judge.
英格拉姆：华莱士继续告诉人民和公众，他藐视联邦法官。
He hadn’t defied anybody.
他没有违抗任何人。
But they believed it.
但他们相信了。
GEORGE WALLACE: This 1959 attempt to have a second Sherman’s march to the sea has been stopped in the cradle of the Confederacy.
乔治·华莱士：1959 年，谢尔曼第二次向大海进军的尝试在南部邦联的摇篮中就被阻止了。
INGRAM: Wallace got enormous attention, both within and without the state.
英格拉姆：华莱士在州内外都受到了极大的关注。
He suddenly had become the foremost spokesman to preserve the southern way of life.
他突然成为保护南方生活方式的最重要代言人。
NARR: Wallace had also found a face to put on the forces of integration.
纳尔：华莱士还找到了一张展现一体化力量的面孔。
TRAMMELL: He had created a devil in Frank Johnson, and he began killing that devil.
特拉梅尔：他在弗兰克·约翰逊身上创造了一个魔鬼，然后他开始杀死那个魔鬼。
GEORGE WALLACE: This federal judge had a lot of mean, nasty things to say about me.
乔治·华莱士：这位联邦法官对我说了很多刻薄、下流的话。
Why?
为什么？
Because he was mad that anybody would dare question an order of his.
因为他很生气，因为有人敢质疑他的命令。
I’m the only official in the South that has been tried for standing up for you.
我是南方唯一因支持你们而受到审判的官员。
You check the record.
你查一下记录。
TRAMMELL: And he would call Frank Johnson a bald-faced, scalawaggin’, carpetbaggin’, no-good, no-account, integratin’ liar.
特拉梅尔：他会称弗兰克·约翰逊是一个秃头、无赖、爱走私、无用、无用、整合性的骗子。
GEORGE WALLACE: This Washington crowd and the federal judge backed down and when, and when and if they say they didn’t back down, they’re integratin’, scalawaggin’, carpetbaggin’ liars.
乔治·华莱士：华盛顿的人群和联邦法官做出了让步，当他们说他们没有让步时，他们就是整合者、无赖者、走私者的骗子。
[big applause] TRAMMELL: And the people would just go wild.
[热烈鼓掌] 特拉梅尔：人们会变得疯狂。
He loved that.
他喜欢那个。
NARR: For the next three years, Wallace criss-crossed Alabama, in pursuit of the governorship.
纳尔：在接下来的三年里，华莱士穿梭于阿拉巴马州，追逐州长职位。
With few black Alabamians allowed to vote, the "Fighting Little Judge" had one message.
由于很少有阿拉巴马黑人被允许投票，“战斗小法官”有一个信息。
GEORGE WALLACE: There’s some people who’ve gone over the state and said, "Well, George Wallace has talked too strong about segregation." Now let me ask you this, how in the name of common sense can you be too strong about it?
乔治·华莱士：有些人对整个州说：“乔治·华莱士关于种族隔离的言论太强烈了。”现在让我问你，以常识的名义，你怎么能对此太过强烈呢？
You’re either for it or you’re against it.
你要么支持它，要么反对它。
There’s not any middle ground as I know of.
据我所知，没有任何中间立场。
NARR: The early 60s saw civil rights sit-ins and integrated freedom bus rides spread all across the South.
NARR：20 世纪 60 年代初，民权静坐和综合性自由公交车活动遍布整个南方。
Angry reaction from whites added more fuel to the Wallace fire.
白人的愤怒反应更是火上浇油。
TRAMMELL: He knew that he could not stop integration.
特拉梅尔：他知道他无法停止整合。
But he knew that that was the issue.
但他知道这就是问题所在。
And the one issue that he could win on.
这是他可以获胜的一个问题。
CHESTNUT: People ask me a lot of times, was Wallace a racist?
栗子：人们很多次问我，华莱士是种族主义者吗？
Now, was he a Ku Kluxter?
现在，他是Ku Kluxter吗？
No. Did he get up every morning and say, let me go find some black folks so I could lynch them?
不。他每天早上起床都会说，让我去找一些黑人，这样我就可以私刑处死他们吗？
No. He wasn’t that.
不，他不是那样的。
And he, he would not have favored those who felt and there were those who felt that way.
而他，他不会偏爱那些有这种感觉的人，而有些人也有这种感觉。
But he could be perfectly reasonable in a conversation with a black person.
但在与黑人交谈时他却可以完全讲道理。
And he could leave, and in the next ten minutes, deliver the most racist appeal that you’ve ever heard in pursuit of votes.
他可以离开，并在接下来的十分钟内发出你所听过的最种族主义的呼吁来争取选票。
WILLIAMS: In that time, those days, people didn’t want negroes to be upgraded.
威廉姆斯：在那个时候，人们不希望黑人升级。
And that’s why he hollered.
这就是他大喊的原因。
That’s why he said nigger, nigger, nigger.
这就是为什么他说黑鬼，黑鬼，黑鬼。
Because he knew, you know, the white people was against negroes and he wanted to be against negroes so he could be elected.
因为他知道，白人反对黑人，他也想反对黑人，这样他才能当选。
Seated Man: Say, who you going to vote for governor?
坐着的人：说吧，你会投票给谁当州长？
Man w/ camera: George Wallace, of course, isn’t everybody?
拿着相机的男人：当然是乔治·华莱士，不是每个人吗？
JOHNSON: The majority of people in the state of Alabama liked what he was saying and that’s the, the white people.
约翰逊：阿拉巴马州的大多数人都喜欢他所说的话，那就是白人。
First woman: Who you voting for for governor?
第一女：你投票给谁当州长？
Second woman: Why George Wallace, isn’t everybody?
第二个女人：为什么是乔治·华莱士，不是每个人都这样吗？
JOHNSON: It won him the race.
约翰逊：这让他赢得了比赛。
NARR: When election day in 1962 arrived, Wallace won in a record landslide.
纳尔：1962 年选举日到来时，华莱士以创纪录的压倒性优势获胜。
BRAGG: The part of the world where I grew up, they’d been waiting for a champion for a long time.
布拉格：在我长大的地方，他们等待冠军已经很久了。
And Wallace hit ‘em just as they were at their most angry.
华莱士在他们最愤怒的时候打了他们。
He hit ‘em at a time when they were looking for somebody to lead ‘em.
当他们正在寻找领导他们的人时，他击中了他们。
Uh, where he took ‘em, a lot of them are ashamed, or where they went, but he took ‘em.
呃，他把他们带到哪里，他们中的很多人都感到羞耻，或者他们去了哪里，但他把他们带到了哪里。
NARR: Part of the Wallace success was due to a new, fiery, hard-hitting style of campaigning, the result of a new speechwriter.
纳尔：华莱士的成功部分归功于新的演讲撰稿人所采用的新的、激烈的、强硬的竞选风格。
NARR: In later years, he’d be known as Forrest Carter, a writer claiming Native-American descent.
纳尔：后来，他被称为福雷斯特·卡特（Forrest Carter），一位自称有美洲原住民血统的作家。
Author of novels about "The Outlaw Josey Wales" -- and "The Education of Little Tree." But in the fifties and sixties, he went by the name Asa Carter and was the founder of his own Ku Klux Klan organization.
着有《亡命之徒乔西·威尔士》和《小树的教育》等小说。但在五六十年代，他的名字是阿萨·卡特，是他自己的三K党组织的创始人。
SEYMORE TRAMMELL.
西莫尔·特拉梅尔。
Wallace Finance Director: Asa Carter was a most integral part of the George Wallace organization.
华莱士财务总监：阿萨·卡特是乔治·华莱士组织中最不可或缺的一部分。
He was a man that had connections, good connections with the underworld, you might say.
你可能会说，他是一个与黑社会有联系、有良好联系的人。
He was our go-between between the governor and with the Ku Klux Klan.
他是我们与州长和三K党之间的中间人。
He could keep those people quiet, or he could get them to be very disturbed.
他可以让那些人保持安静，也可以让他们感到非常不安。
CARTER: A group of his followers had gone out and randomly castrated a black man.
卡特：他的一群追随者出去随意阉割了一名黑人。
He had a long history of violence.
他有长期的暴力史。
In fact, it’s not uh, an exaggeration to call him something of a kind of psychopath.
事实上，称他为某种精神病患者并不夸张。
NARR: Asa Carter wrote Wallace's 1963 inaugural speech.
纳尔：阿萨·卡特 (Asa Carter) 撰写了华莱士 1963 年的就职演说。
Words to rally Southern white resistance to integration.
团结南方白人抵制融合的言论。
Words branded in history with the name George Wallace.
历史上烙印着乔治·华莱士这个名字的词。
GEORGE WALLACE: In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say, segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever.
乔治·华莱士：以地球上最伟大的人们的名义，我在尘埃中划下界限，向暴政的脚下发出挑战，我说，现在种族隔离，明天种族隔离，永远种族隔离。
[applause] CHESTNUT: What he was talking about was locking into place forever a system in which, in my own county, only one hundred and fifty black folk, out of fifteen thousand, were registered to vote.
[掌声] 切斯特纳特：他所说的是永远锁定一个制度，在我自己的县，一万五千名黑人中只有一百五十人登记投票。
And each one of these had to be, uh, vouched for by a white person.
其中每一项都必须由白人担保。
If some white person didn’t say, "Ol’ Ned was alright," Ol’ Ned didn’t get registered.
如果某个白人没有说“Ol'Ned 没问题”，Ol'Ned 就不会被注册。
And here was Wallace on the television, saying he’s gonna lock that in place forever.
华莱士在电视上说他将永远锁定这一点。
CARTER: When Wallace turned to the politics of race one of his supporters who was horrified, said, "George, why are you doing this?
卡特：当华莱士转向种族政治时，他的一位支持者感到震惊，他说：“乔治，你为什么要这样做？
Why are you doing this?" And Wallace, sadly he thought, said, "You know, I tried to talk about good roads and good schools and all these things that have been part of my career, and nobody listened.
你为什么要这么做？”华莱士悲伤地想，他说：“你知道，我试图谈论好的道路和好的学校以及所有这些成为我职业生涯一部分的事情，但没有人听。
And then I began talking about niggers, and they stomped the floor." NARR: After years of non-stop campaigning, Wallace and his family settled into the relative luxury of the governor's mansion.
然后我开始谈论黑鬼，他们跺脚。”纳尔：经过多年不间断的竞选活动，华莱士和他的家人搬进了相对豪华的州长官邸。
For George, it was the fulfillment of his life’s ambition.
对于乔治来说，这是他一生抱负的实现。
For Lurleen, it meant finally getting help with the children, -- including the latest arrival, Lee -- from the mansion’s staff of servants.
对于卢琳来说，这意味着终于能得到宅邸仆人的帮助来照顾孩子们，包括最新抵达的李。
GEORGE WALLACE: Y’all look after the little teeny one.
乔治·华莱士：你们都照顾那个小家伙。
Servant: Alright.
仆人：好的。
GEORGE WALLACE: Bye.
乔治·华莱士：再见。
Servant: Bye.
仆人：再见。
NARR: The new governor’s early acts reflected his populist roots.
纳尔：新州长的早期行为反映了他的民粹主义根源。
Free textbooks, new roads, technical schools, and junior colleges all across the state.
全州免费教科书、新道路、技术学校和专科学校。
But while Wallace enjoyed the public appearances, he soon found out that his heart wasn’t in the job.
尽管华莱士很享受公开露面，但他很快发现自己的心不在这份工作上。
JENKINS: Most politicians consider running for office, uh, to be an ordeal which has to be endured in order to get the office.
詹金斯：大多数政客认为竞选公职，呃，是一种为了获得职位而必须忍受的磨难。
But, uh, with Wallace, running is the, the prize in and of itself.
但是，呃，对于华莱士来说，跑步本身就是奖励。
When he wins the office, he begins to get bored.
当他赢得职位后，他开始感到无聊。
He has no interest in administration, he only wants to get elected and hear the roar of the crowd.
他对行政没有兴趣，他只想当选并听到人群的呼喊。
That’s the secret of George Wallace.
这就是乔治·华莱士的秘密。
NARR: And there was one issue above all, that could kept the crowd roaring.
纳尔：最重要的是，有一个问题可能会让人群沸腾。
FLOWERS: Everybody that came out of the office told me that all he wants to talk about is the race issue, the race issue.
弗劳斯：每个从办公室出来的人都告诉我，他只想谈论种族问题，种族问题。
I thought surely [clears throat] that he had just used this as a means of getting elected.
我肯定[清了清嗓子]他只是用这个作为当选的手段。
I thought surely he would do the right thing.
我想他肯定会做正确的事。
But he, he, he changed.
但他、他、他变了。
NARR: Only three months into his term, Wallace faced massive civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham, a city known for its brutal enforcement of segregation.
纳尔：华莱士上任仅三个月，就在伯明翰面临大规模的民权示威活动，这座城市以残酷执行种族隔离而闻名。
The city’s response -- police dogs and fire hoses — shocked much of the nation.
该市的反应——警犬和消防水龙——震惊了全国大部分地区。
NARR: But it wasn’t this battle that brought Wallace fully into the national spotlight.
纳尔：但并不是这场战斗让华莱士完全成为全国关注的焦点。
The cagey boxer chose a different arena.
这位谨慎的拳击手选择了不同的竞技场。
And a different opponent.
还有不同的对手。
Not civil rights marchers but the federal government.
不是民权游行者，而是联邦政府。
He then landed a punch that put him on the front pages all across the country.
然后他打出了一拳，使他登上了全国的头版。
NARR: In the spring of 1963, a federal court ordered the admission of black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood -- to integrate the University of Alabama.
纳尔：1963 年春天，联邦法院下令录取黑人学生维维安·马龙 (Vivian Malone) 和詹姆斯·胡德 (James Hood)，以整合阿拉巴马大学。
NARR: In defiance of the court’s order, Wallace vowed to block the students from entering the university, even if it meant he personally had to stand in the schoolhouse door.
纳尔：华莱士无视法院的命令，发誓要阻止学生进入大学，即使这意味着他必须亲自站在校舍门口。
BILL JONES, Wallace Press Secretary: He knew, I knew and everybody around him knew that the, uh, legal battle was going to be lost.
比尔·琼斯，华莱士新闻秘书：他知道，我知道，他周围的每个人都知道，呃，法律斗争将会失败。
But the, uh, public relations battle, if we handled it correctly, was going to be won.
但是，呃，公共关系之战，如果我们处理得当，就会取得胜利。
Women: Bless your heart.
女：祝福你的心。
Bless your heart.
祝福你的心。
We’re all with you.
我们都和你在一起。
GEORGE WALLACE: Thank you, very much, hear.
乔治·华莱士： 非常感谢，听到了。
TRAMMELL: This would now project him onto the national scene as a political figure, someone to actually be dealt with and not ignored in the future.
特拉梅尔：这将使他作为一个政治人物出现在国家舞台上，一个在未来真正受到处理而不是被忽视的人。
He knew that better than anyone else, and he played the part perfectly.
他比任何人都清楚这一点，而且他完美地扮演了这个角色。
NED BROOKS: This is Ned Brooks inviting you to meet the press.
内德·布鲁克斯：我是内德·布鲁克斯邀请您会见媒体。
INGRAM: He was invited to make his first national television appearance.
英格拉姆：他被邀请首次在全国电视节目中露面。
Larry Spivak, "Meet the Press." Oh, he was excited.
拉里·斯皮瓦克，“会见媒体”。哦，他很兴奋。
I mean, boy, this was, this was big stuff.
我的意思是，天哪，这是一件大事。
It was hostile like I have never seen.
这是我从未见过的敌意。
ANTHONY LEWIS, New York Times : What is your real purpose in what you’re doing?
安东尼·刘易斯，《纽约时报》：你所做的事情的真正目的是什么？
Are you there as a political gesture, to try to arouse violence, or what, what is your purpose?
你这样做是出于政治姿态，试图煽动暴力，还是什么，你的目的是什么？
JACK NELSON, Los Angeles Times : I would say that the national press probably, uh, underestimated Wallace.
杰克·尼尔森，《洛杉矶时报》：我想说，全国媒体可能，呃，低估了华莱士。
In the beginning they considered him almost a buffoon.
一开始他们几乎认为他是个小丑。
Lawrence Spivak: Governor, the question I asked, however, was can these students be enrolled at the University of Alabama without the use of troops?
劳伦斯·斯皮瓦克：州长，我问的问题是，这些学生可以在不使用军队的情况下就读阿拉巴马大学吗？
GEORGE WALLACE: Uh, uh, domestic tranquility will prevail and there will be no need for troops.
乔治·华莱士：呃，呃，国内将保持平静，不需要军队。
GEORGE WALLACE: Mr. Lewis, we don’t have any utopia in Alabama.
乔治·华莱士：刘易斯先生，阿拉巴马州没有任何乌托邦。
Neither do you have it here in New York City where you can’t even walk in Central Park here at night without fear of being raped or mugged or shot.
在纽约市也没有这种情况，你甚至不能晚上在中央公园散步而不担心被强奸、抢劫或枪击。
JENKINS: He was capable of jousting and debating the press, uh, in the way that few other Southern governors had done before.
詹金斯：他有能力与媒体较量和辩论，呃，以前很少有其他南方州长这样做过。
You could almost hear the whole state of Alabama cheering.
你几乎可以听到整个阿拉巴马州的欢呼声。
NARR: The temperature reached 95 degrees early on the morning of June 11th, 1963.
纳尔：1963年6月11日清晨，气温达到95度。
The University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa was virtually closed, patrolled by state police and units of the Alabama National Guard.
阿拉巴马大学塔斯卡卢萨分校实际上已关闭，由州警察和阿拉巴马国民警卫队巡逻。
Four hundred reporters crowded around the schoolhouse door, awaiting a confrontation elaborately choreographed by Wallace’s aides.
四百名记者聚集在校舍门口，等待华莱士助手精心策划的一场对峙。
NARR: At 9:53 a.m., Wallace arrived at the campus.
纳尔：上午 9 点 53 分，华莱士抵达校园。
TRAMMELL: I meet that automobile outside and I tell him, Governor, when you step out of this automobile, you walk right down that little concrete path there, where you see there the news media on your left, the state troopers on your right, all backed up by the, uh, National Guard.
特拉梅尔：我在外面遇到那辆汽车，我告诉他，州长，当你走出这辆汽车时，你就沿着那条小水泥路走，在那里你可以看到新闻媒体在你的左边，州警察在你的右边，所有这些都有国民警卫队的支持。
You move right through that crowd just as cocky as a quail." He walked down through there, stopping for just a moment to say some meaningless word to the press, right on into the door of the auditorium.
你就像一只鹌鹑一样趾高气扬地穿过人群。”他穿过那里，停了一会儿，对媒体说了一些毫无意义的话，然后径直走进了礼堂的门。
I maneuver my way around and get inside there, and I tell him, when you see me remove my hat, that is the signal for you to step to the microphone.
我绕道走进去，然后我告诉他，当你看到我摘下帽子时，那就是你走向麦克风的信号。
NARR: At 10:48, Assistant Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach -- under orders from President Kennedy -- arrived to enforce the federal court's decision to integrate the University of Alabama.
纳尔： 10 点 48 分，助理司法部长尼古拉斯·卡岑巴赫 (Nicholas Katzenbach) 在肯尼迪总统的命令下抵达执行联邦法院整合阿拉巴马大学的决定。
CARTER: Wallace has the Assistant Attorney General come up, uh, implore, threaten, promise, entreat him.
卡特：华莱士让助理司法部长过来，呃，恳求、威胁、承诺、恳求他。
And then he’s able, on national television, all three networks, he’s able to give this somewhat stodgy but still very dignified defense of Southern tradition.
然后他能够在国家电视台、所有三个网络上，对南方传统进行这种有点古板但仍然非常有尊严的捍卫。
GEORGE WALLACE: The unwelcomed, unwanted, unwarranted, and force-induced intrusion upon the campus of the University of Alabama today of the might of the central government, offers frightful example of the oppression of the rights, privileges and sovereignty of this state by officers of the federal government.
乔治·华莱士：今天，中央政府的力量对阿拉巴马大学校园的不受欢迎、不受欢迎、无理和武力入侵，提供了联邦政府官员压迫该州权利、特权和主权的可怕例子。
CARTER: People had been reading in the newspapers about what an awful man this George Wallace was, and then they saw him, millions of Americans saw him.
卡特：人们在报纸上读到乔治·华莱士是一个多么可怕的人，然后他们看到了他，数百万美国人看到了他。
And they saw somebody who was reasonably dignified, who gave at least a reasoned argument in favor of states’ rights.
他们看到了一个相当有尊严的人，他至少提出了支持州权利的合理论点。
He didn’t mention race at all.
他根本没有提到种族。
KATZENBACH: You are going to stand in that door?
KATZENBACH：你要站在那扇门里吗？
That’s correct?
这是正确的吗？
GEORGE WALLACE: I stand upon that statement.
乔治·华莱士：我坚持这一说法。
KATZENBACH: You stand upon that statement.
卡森巴赫：您坚持这一说法。
Governor, I’m not interested in a show.
州长，我对表演不感兴趣。
I don’t know what the purpose of this show is.
我不知道这个节目的目的是什么。
NARR: By late afternoon, the show for the national media was over.
纳尔：下午晚些时候，全国媒体的表演结束了。
President Kennedy federalized the Alabama National Guard.
肯尼迪总统将阿拉巴马州国民警卫队联邦化。
The Guard commander asked Wallace to step aside.
警卫队指挥官要求华莱士退到一边。
And he did.
他做到了。
No violence marred that day.
那天没有发生暴力事件。
Through his contacts with the Klan and a public appeal, Wallace had maintained calm.
通过与三K党的接触和公开呼吁，华莱士一直保持冷静。
The governor had kept his promise and made his stand in the schoolhouse door.
州长信守诺言，站在校舍门口。
Now, the nation was talking about George Wallace.
现在，全国都在谈论乔治·华莱士。
INGRAM: That pugnacious, glaring expression.
英格拉姆：那种好斗、怒目而视的表情。
The chin thrust out.
下巴伸出来。
I mean, he just-- he personified Southern resistance to race-- racial integration.
我的意思是，他只是——他代表了南方对种族的抵制——种族融合。
He became a, he became a national, even an international, figure that day.
那天他成为了一个，他成为了一个全国性的，甚至是一个国际性的人物。
JONES: Money, money started pouring in, just, uh support letters.
琼斯：钱，钱开始涌入，只是，呃支持信。
By and large, the letters were extremely favorable.
总的来说，这些信件都非常有利。
NARR: Like the fight with Judge Johnson four years earlier, no one seemed to notice that Wallace had lost.
纳尔：就像四年前与约翰逊法官的战斗一样，似乎没有人注意到华莱士输了。
Vivian Malone and James Hood were now attending the University of Alabama.
维维安·马龙和詹姆斯·胡德现在就读于阿拉巴马大学。
CHESTNUT: When I look back on that schoolhouse door situation, I think indulging Wallace into this play acting sent the wrong message, gave encouragement to the wrong forces, and set off a, a chain of things down there, which disgraced this state for a long time to come.
栗子：当我回顾那个校舍门的事件时，我认为让华莱士在这部戏中表演传递了错误的信息，鼓励了错误的势力，并在那里引发了一系列的事情，这让这个国家在很长一段时间内蒙羞。
NARR: Three months later, on the morning of September 15, a bomb planted by Klansmen, at Birmingham’s 16th Street Baptist Church, exploded, injuring twenty people.
纳尔：三个月后，即 9 月 15 日上午，三K党成员在伯明翰第 16 街浸信会教堂安放的炸弹爆炸，造成 20 人受伤。
And killing four little girls.
并杀死了四个小女孩。
Rev.
牧师。
Martin Luther King, Jr. : The governor said things and did things which caused, uh, these people to feel that they were aided and abetted by the highest officer in the state.
马丁·路德·金：州长的言行让这些人觉得他们受到了该州最高官员的帮助和教唆。
The murders of yesterday stand as blood on the hands of Governor Wallace.
昨天的谋杀案就像华莱士州长手上的鲜血一样。
CARTER: When four little girls are killed, of course, he didn’t want that to happen, but you can’t get away from the consequences of your action.
卡特：当然，当四个小女孩被杀时，他不希望这种情况发生，但你无法逃避你的行为的后果。
It’s not what he intended that, in the last analysis, is important.
归根结底，重要的并不是他的意图。
It’s that reckless disregard he showed that led to these events.
正是他表现出的鲁莽漠视导致了这些事件。
NARR: The Birmingham bombing didn’t slow the nation’s most renowned opponent of civil rights.
纳尔：伯明翰爆炸事件并没有让这个国家最著名的民权反对者放慢脚步。
[Reporter: What are your plans now?
【记者：现在有什么打算吗？
When will you return to Indiana?] NARR: Wallace, the newsmaker, now traveled the country, speaking to both hostile and friendly audiences, every appearance boosting his stature back home in Alabama.
你什么时候返回印第安纳州？] 纳尔：新闻人物华莱士现在走遍全国，向敌对和友好的观众发表讲话，每次露面都提升了他在阿拉巴马州家乡的地位。
GEORGE WALLACE: I spoke to high hoi-polloi colleges at Harvard, and at Dartmouth and at Brown.
乔治·华莱士：我与哈佛大学、达特茅斯学院和布朗大学的高人气学院进行了交谈。
I remember speaking at Harvard.
我记得在哈佛演讲。
I made them the best speech they’d ever heard.
我为他们做了他们听过的最好的演讲。
[applause and laughter] There are millions like you and I throughout this country.
[掌声和笑声] 这个国家有数百万人像你我一样。
There are more today of us than there are of them.
今天我们的人数比他们的人数还多。
The others are more zo-- more, more vociferous and they are loud and they make more noise.
其他人则更加“zo”——更多、更吵闹，他们声音很大，发出更多噪音。
But there are more good people than there are of these little pinkos that run around and don’t do a thing in the world but talk about human liberty.
但好人比这些到处乱跑、在世界上什么也不做、只谈论人类自由的小粉红们要多。
[applause and cheers] But you ladies and gentlemen take heart-- gentlemen.
[掌声和欢呼]但是女士们先生们请振作起来——先生们。
I reckon there are some ladies here.
我估计这里有一些女士。
I see by the paper that not many ladies are here.
我从报纸上看到这里的女士不多。
You’re having the same fight that we’re having in some quarters.
你们正在经历与我们在某些方面所经历的同样的斗争。
[laughter] But it’s very bad for the folks try to destroy your traditions [laughter] and your customs.
[笑声]但这对于人们试图破坏你们的传统[笑声]和习俗来说是非常糟糕的。
But you got to get in the mainstream.
但你必须进入主流。
[laughter] NARR: Wallace’s rhetoric in the North built on his successful stand at the schoolhouse door.
[笑声]纳尔：华莱士在北方的言论建立在他在校舍门口的成功立场之上。
He soft-pedaled segregation and instead, attacked new federal civil rights bills designed to end it.
他淡化了种族隔离，反而攻击了旨在结束种族隔离的新联邦民权法案。
"Segregation forever" became "states’ rights." Defending "racial separation" became defending Americans against "Big Government." GEORGE WALLACE: This civil rights bill will wind up putting a homeowner in jail because he doesn’t sell his home to someone that some bureaucrat thinks he ought to sell it to.
“永远种族隔离”变成了“各州的权利”。捍卫“种族隔离”变成了捍卫美国人反对“大政府”。乔治·华莱士：这项民权法案最终会让房主入狱，因为他没有将自己的房子卖给一些官僚认为他应该卖给的人。
My friends, a man’s home is his castle and he ought to be able-- [applause] And he ought to be able to sell it to people with blue eyes and green teeth if he wants to, it’s his home.
我的朋友们，一个人的家就是他的城堡，他应该能够——[掌声]如果他愿意的话，他应该能够把它卖给蓝眼睛绿牙齿的人，这是他的家。
[applause] JENKINS: By this time he had begun to learn to speak in his so-called "code words," in which he would never ever use, uh, race and in fact, would even say that we’re not talking about race.
[掌声]詹金斯：此时他已经开始学习用他所谓的“暗语”说话，他永远不会使用，呃，种族，事实上，甚至会说我们不是在谈论种族。
We’re, uh, talking about, uh, merit, and, someone taking your job.
我们正在，呃，谈论，呃，优点，以及有人取代你的工作。
But, uh there was no doubt what he was talking about.
但是，呃，毫无疑问他在说什么。
INGRAM: People began to say, hey -- this issue of racism and concern about the blacks is not just limited to South of the Mason-Dixon line.
英格拉姆：人们开始说，嘿——种族主义和对黑人的担忧问题不仅仅局限于梅森-迪克森线以南。
It's up here, too.
它也在这里。
But he was the first to sense that.
但他是第一个察觉到这一点的。
He knew there was a, a racial problem not just in Alabama, in Mississippi, in Louisiana and Georgia, if you please, but all over the country and he took advantage of it.
他知道不仅在阿拉巴马州、密西西比州、路易斯安那州和佐治亚州存在种族问题，如果你愿意的话，而且在全国各地都存在种族问题，他利用了这一问题。
GEORGE WALLACE: There were at least 100 Confederate flags being flown in the Serbian Village Hall in South Milwaukee.
乔治·华莱士：南密尔沃基的塞尔维亚村大厅里至少飘扬着 100 面邦联旗帜。
And you know, the band played "Dixie." Even the Milwaukee Journal had to report this -- they played "Dixie" and 3,500 people stood and sung it in Polish.
你知道，乐队演奏了《迪克西》。就连《密尔沃基日报》也不得不报道这一点——他们演奏了《迪克西》，3500 人起立用波兰语演唱。
And I tell you that "Dixie" sounds good being sung in the Polish language-- [great applause and cheers] CARTER: ‘Course, he plays upon race.
我告诉你，用波兰语唱《迪克西》听起来不错——[热烈的掌声和欢呼]卡特：‘当然，他玩的是种族。
In many communities where there is racial conflict between black and white working-class Americans, it’s very intense.
在许多美国黑人和白人工人阶级之间存在种族冲突的社区，冲突非常激烈。
But you can’t explain Wallace’s appeal to these people simply -- these voters -- simply on the basis of their racism.
但你不能简单地根据他们的种族主义来解释华莱士对这些人——这些选民——的吸引力。
Wallace, as a lifelong outsider, taps into working class and ethnic Americans into their feelings of resentment, of anger, of frustration, of being on the outside that the only people that uh, politicians are concerned about are minorities.
华莱士作为一个终生的局外人，利用工人阶级和美国族裔的怨恨、愤怒、沮丧和局外人的感受，政客们唯一关心的是少数族裔。
NARR: The Alabama governor had stumbled onto a new constituency of Americans alienated by the civil rights movement.
纳尔：阿拉巴马州州长偶然发现了一个被民权运动疏远的美国人的新选区。
In 1964 Wallace saw an opportunity to demonstrate his growing popularity.
1964 年，华莱士看到了一个展示他日益受欢迎的机会。
He entered Democratic party primaries in Wisconsin, Indiana and Maryland.
他参加了威斯康星州、印第安纳州和马里兰州的民主党初选。
With little campaigning, he took over a third of the vote.
经过很少的竞选活动，他就获得了三分之一的选票。
GEORGE WALLACE: If I’m ever run out of Alabama, I know another state I can come to.
乔治·华莱士：如果我用完了阿拉巴马州，我知道我可以去另一个州。
JENKINS: Well, I think you could say in, uh, 1964, uh, Wallace invented what came to be called "backlash politics." And he appealed to this vote in a very sophisticated and adroit way.
詹金斯：嗯，我想你可以说，呃，1964 年，华莱士发明了后来被称为“反弹政治”的东西。他以一种非常老练和巧妙的方式呼吁这次投票。
NARR: By the end of 1964, George Wallace had achieved a national following.
纳尔：到 1964 年底，乔治·华莱士已经赢得了全国的追随者。
Now more that ever, every win, every loss in the battle against civil rights in Alabama would ring across the country.
现在，阿拉巴马州反民权斗争中的每一次胜利或每一次失败都会响彻全国。
LEWIS: It was important to have a symbol, to have someone who personified the opposition and Governor Wallace emerged as a great symbol.
刘易斯：拥有一个象征很重要，让一个代表反对派和华莱士州长的人成为一个伟大的象征。
NARR: In early 1965, Selma, Alabama, became the site of a civil rights campaign to enable black voters to register.
纳尔：1965 年初，阿拉巴马州塞尔玛成为黑人选民登记的民权运动所在地。
On Sunday, March 7th, 600 people set out for the state capital in Montgomery, 50 miles away, hoping to gain national attention.
3 月 7 日星期日，600 人出发前往 50 英里外的州首府蒙哥马利，希望引起全国关注。
Wallace had issued an order to prevent the march.
华莱士已下令阻止游行。
His state troopers were waiting at the Edmund Pettus Bridge at the edge of town.
他的州警正在镇边缘的埃德蒙·佩特斯桥等候。
Trooper: It would be detrimental to your safety to continue this march.
士兵：继续行军会对你的安全不利。
And I’m saying that this is an unlawful assembly.
我说这是非法集会。
You have to disperse.
你必须驱散。
You’re ordered to disperse.
你被命令解散。
Go home or go to your church.
回家或者去你的教堂。
This march will not continue.
这次游行不会继续下去。
JOHN LEWIS, Civil Rights Leader: In the beginning, I thought we’d be arrested and just taken to jail.
约翰·刘易斯，民权领袖：一开始，我以为我们会被捕并入狱。
Uh, but when I saw the troopers putting on their gas masks and raising their sticks and the bull whips.
呃，但是当我看到士兵们戴上防毒面具，举起棍子和牛鞭时。
Those moments when the troopers came toward us, I knew then we would be beaten.
当士兵向我们冲过来的那一刻，我知道我们会被殴打。
NARR: The events of what would be called "Bloody Sunday" were witnessed by a horrified national television audience that night.
纳尔：那天晚上，惊恐的全国电视观众目睹了被称为“血腥星期日”的事件。
JENKINS: Wallace never intended for that violence to take place on that Sunday in Selma.
詹金斯：华莱士从来没有打算让那场暴力事件发生在塞尔玛的那个周日。
His police chief lost control of himself and, uh, what you had was a police riot.
他的警察局长失去了控制，呃，发生了一场警察骚乱。
Wallace was smart enough to know -- I mean, he was the one who invented backlash politics, and he didn’t want to create his own backlash against his politics by having this type of thing shown on the news nationwide.
华莱士很聪明，他知道——我的意思是，他是发明了强烈反对政治的人，他不想通过在全国范围内的新闻中播放此类事情来引起自己对他的政治的强烈反对。
JONES: Wallace was as mad, I believe, as I’ve ever seen him.
琼斯：我相信华莱士是我见过的最疯狂的人。
He is a very sensible man.
他是一个非常明智的人。
He knows that things like that hurts his political image, even in the state of Alabama.
他知道这样的事情会损害他的政治形象，即使在阿拉巴马州也是如此。
NARR: The violence in Selma had immediate impact.
纳尔：塞尔玛的暴力事件产生了立竿见影的影响。
Days later, President Lyndon Johnson asked Congress for the most comprehensive voting rights bill in the nation’s history.
几天后，林登·约翰逊总统要求国会制定美国历史上最全面的投票权法案。
Then, a federal court in Alabama ruled in favor of the protesters.
随后，阿拉巴马州的一家联邦法院做出了有利于抗议者的裁决。
King: Judge Johnson has just ruled that we have a legal and constitutional right to march from Selma to Montgomery.
金：约翰逊法官刚刚裁定，我们拥有从塞尔玛游行到蒙哥马利的合法和宪法权利。
[great cheers] NARR: Judge Frank Johnson, the old friend Wallace had vilified to rekindle his own political career, had issued the ruling.
[热烈欢呼]纳尔：弗兰克·约翰逊法官，这位老友华莱士为了重燃自己的政治生涯而诽谤的法官，已经发布了裁决。
And unlike 1959, this time there was no doubt who had lost and who had won.
与1959年不同的是，这一次谁输谁赢已经毫无疑问。
On March 21st, thousands of marchers from across the country set out from Selma, arriving in Wallace’s state capital of Montgomery four days later.
3月21日，来自全国各地的数千名游行者从塞尔玛出发，四天后抵达华莱士州首府蒙哥马利。
JONES: The great outpouring of press, the great outpouring of people of stature from all areas of the country that, that got into the march, I think showed all of us around Wallace that, uh, Wallace had lost that battle.
琼斯：媒体的大量涌入，来自全国各地的知名人士的大量涌入游行，我认为向华莱士周围的我们所有人表明，呃，华莱士已经输掉了这场战斗。
HARPER: You could look out George’s window in the governor’s office and see, and, of course everybody knows that Martin Luther King was a great speaker.
哈珀：你可以从乔治州长办公室的窗户往外看，当然每个人都知道马丁·路德·金是一位伟大的演说家。
And I says, "Wallace, you see?
我说：“华莱士，你明白吗？
If you could speak like Martin Luther King, you’d have had all them people following you and you’d might-- amount to something." NARR: Wallace's aides joked that he was looking at the inauguration crowds of the future.
如果你能像马丁·路德·金那样说话，你就会让所有人追随你，而你可能会有所成就。”纳尔：华莱士的助手开玩笑说，他正在关注未来的就职典礼人群。
They were not far from wrong.
他们离错误不远了。
Over the next decade, hundreds of thousands of black voters would register in Alabama and millions more throughout the South.
在接下来的十年中，数十万黑人选民将在阿拉巴马州登记，而整个南方将有数百万黑人选民登记。
Wallace’s stubborn opposition had contributed mightily to the civil rights cause.
华莱士的顽固反对为民权事业做出了巨大贡献。
JENKINS: By making an issue of the, uh, Civil Rights Act of 1964 and particularly, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, uh, his politics and his opposition to it, uh, in effect, helped those bills be passed.
詹金斯：通过对 1964 年的《民权法案》，特别是 1965 年的《投票权法案》提出问题，呃，他的政治观点以及他对此的反对，呃，实际上帮助了这些法案的通过。
That they could be called the Wallace Acts of 1964 and ‘65.
它们可以被称为 1964 年和 65 年的华莱士法案。
NARR: Wallace had lost on Civil Rights.
纳尔：华莱士在民权问题上失败了。
Now he was about to lose the thing he cherished most.
现在，他即将失去他最珍惜的东西。
At the end of 1966, the governor would be forced out of office.
1966年底，州长被迫下台。
KENNEDY: Well, we were at dinner one night and, um, we were just talking about politics and, uh, things that were important in life.
肯尼迪：嗯，有一天晚上我们吃晚饭，嗯，我们只是谈论政治，以及，呃，生活中重要的事情。
And he said, "There, there’re two things that are most important in life," and he said, "that's money and power and I don't care for money." He loved the power.
他说，“生活中有两件事是最重要的，”他说，“那就是金钱和权力，我不关心金钱。”他热爱权力。
NARR: In 1966 Wallace faced a direct threat to his hold on power.
纳尔：1966 年，华莱士的权力面临着直接威胁。
The state constitution, no governor could hold two consecutive terms.
州宪法规定，任何州长都不能连续任职两届。
He would have to leave office.
他将不得不离职。
But the solution was right by his side.
但解决方案就在他身边。
JENKINS: He came up with this idea of running his wife as a surrogate governor.
詹金斯：他提出了让他的妻子担任代理州长的想法。
It had happened once before out in Texas when a colorful couple called Ma and Pa Ferguson had pulled off this same sort of scam.
以前在得克萨斯州也曾发生过这样的事，一对名叫弗格森妈妈和爸爸的色彩缤纷的夫妇也曾实施过类似的骗局。
HARPER: ‘Course, the newspaper and the press tried to show that he forced her to run.
哈珀：“当然，报纸和媒体试图表明他强迫她参选。
But when it started, George didn’t think she had a chance.
但当事情开始时，乔治认为她没有机会。
And he said, "This state’s just not ready for a woman to be governor." NARR: George and Lurleen Wallace did not start out as a political team.
他说：“这个州还没有准备好让女性担任州长。”纳尔：乔治·华莱士和露琳·华莱士一开始并不是一个政治团队。
Lurleen was basically a private person, happiest when out of the limelight.
露琳基本上是一个注重隐私的人，当远离聚光灯时最快乐。
Painfully shy in public, her job, she said, was "to stay home and raise the kids and look after the house." JENKINS: Never had any interest in politics.
她在公共场合非常害羞，她说，她的工作就是“呆在家里抚养孩子并照顾房子”。詹金斯：从来没有对政治感兴趣。
And in fact it was well known that, uh, that she even resented the fact that politics was, was George Wallace’s mistress, so to speak, uh, and that he, uh, he much preferred politics to his family.
事实上，众所周知，呃，她甚至讨厌政治是乔治·华莱士的情妇，可以这么说，呃，而他，呃，他更喜欢政治胜过他的家庭。
GREENHAW: Lurleen Wallace was quiet, sweet, nice.
格林霍：露琳·华莱士很安静、可爱、友善。
And then, all of a sudden, you find she was a, a tough lady, too.
然后，突然间，你发现她也是一位坚强的女士。
She loved to fish.
她喜欢钓鱼。
She’d go wild turkey hunting down in, uh, Lowndes County with the good ol’ boys.
她会和好孩子们一起去朗兹县狩猎野火鸡。
She was not just the quiet little mother.
她不仅仅是一个安静的小母亲。
Not just a quiet little housewife.
不仅仅是一个安静的小家庭主妇。
SMITH: Although I disagree with so much I’ve seen about her that painted her as somebody who was not assertive, she was assertive.
史密斯：虽然我不同意我所看到的很多关于她的看法，这些人把她描绘成一个不自信的人，但她确实很自信。
As somebody who didn’t have a sense of humor, she bubbled and she giggled and she had all this sense of humor.
作为一个没有幽默感的人，她总是滔滔不绝，咯咯地笑，她很有幽默感。
But the part that did paint her as someone who stayed in the background was true, she was reserved, she didn’t have experience.
但确实把她描绘成一个留在幕后的人是真实的，她很保守，她没有经验。
You would have had to have felt scared.
你一定会感到害怕。
But I think it was something that she was willing to do for him.
但我认为这是她愿意为他做的事情。
She knew how much this meant to George.
她知道这对乔治来说意味着什么。
JONES: One time I said, "Lurleen, why did you do this?" And she said to me, "I did it for George." She was very loyal to him when maybe she ought not to have been as loyal as she was.
琼斯：有一次我说：“露琳，你为什么这么做？”她对我说：“我这么做是为了乔治。”她对他非常忠诚，也许她不应该如此忠诚。
NARR: The decision to run had been made under difficult circumstances.
纳尔：参选的决定是在困难的情况下做出的。
Doctors had discovered Lurleen had cancer.
医生发现露琳患有癌症。
In the coming years, many would question whether George, pursuing his own ambitions, had pushed his wife into running.
在接下来的几年里，许多人会质疑乔治是否为了追求自己的野心而迫使他的妻子参加竞选。
KENNEDY: A lot of people think she was made to do it, but you, you didn’t make her do, uh, anything.
肯尼迪：很多人认为她是被迫这样做的，但你，你没有让她做，呃，任何事情。
[chuckles] She did what she wanted to do.
[笑]她做了她想做的事。
NARR: Forty-five days after major surgery -- with her doctor’s assurance that the cancer had been caught in time -- Lurleen made the announcement.
纳尔：在大手术四十五天后，在医生保证癌症已被及时发现的情况下，露琳宣布了这一消息。
Lurleen: Ladies and gentlemen, I will be a candidate for governor of Alabama.
露琳：女士们先生们，我将成为阿拉巴马州州长的候选人。
KENNEDY: My mother was not a natural politician.
肯尼迪：我的母亲不是一个天生的政治家。
She didn't have a lot of self-confidence.
她没有太多的自信。
I remember her practicing her speeches in ‘66.
我记得她在66年练习演讲。
She would, uh, call me in and she would turn her chair away from me and practice her speech to see if I heard every word pronounced correctly, and that I-- that she was loud enough.
她会，呃，叫我进去，然后把椅子从我身边移开，练习她的演讲，看看我是否听到每个单词都发音正确，以及我——她的声音足够大。
Lurleen: I ask you to cast your vote for me on May 3rd and my pledge to you is that I will continue, with my husband’s help, the same type of government you have experienced in the last three years and we will continue to stand up for Alabama.
露琳：我请你们在 5 月 3 日投票给我，我向你们保证，在我丈夫的帮助下，我将继续维持你们过去三年所经历的同样类型的政府，我们将继续支持阿拉巴马州。
JENKINS: In the course of the ‘66 campaign, she did, uh, seem to rather warm to the job of, uh, running, and, uh, she could make a fairly decent speech on the stump, but it was always a speech of about 2 or 3 minutes.
詹金斯：在 66 年的竞选过程中，她确实，呃，似乎对……呃，跑步的工作相当热衷，而且，呃，她可以在树桩上发表相当不错的演讲，但演讲总是大约 2 或 3 分钟。
And it would always end up with something to the effect, uh, that "I am gratified to be the instrument by which my husband can continue his governorship of Alabama." A very demeaning sort of thing, in retrospect.
最后总会有这样的结果，呃，“我很高兴成为我丈夫继续担任阿拉巴马州州长的工具。”回想起来，这是一件非常有辱人格的事情。
GREENHAW: But-- on-- once she started running she started becoming her own person, more and more and more.
格林霍：但是，一旦她开始跑步，她就开始变得越来越有自己的风格。
She started thinking about mental health.
她开始思考心理健康问题。
She started thinking about, uh, school education that she’d be in charge of when she became governor.
她开始考虑，呃，当她成为州长后，她将负责学校教育。
She started adding to her speeches each time until those speeches were her personality.
她开始每次都在演讲中添加内容，直到这些演讲成为她的个性。
HARPER: George called me and says, "You know, Lurleen’s really going over good." Lurleen was the type that everybody liked.
哈珀：乔治打电话给我说：“你知道，露琳的情况真的很好。”露琳是大家都喜欢的类型。
I don’t think nobody disliked Lurleen.
我认为没有人不喜欢露琳。
Women or men.
女人或男人。
NARR: Working class whites -- farmers and factory workers -- recognized Lurleen Wallace as one of their own and they pledged their support.
NARR: Working class whites -- farmers and factory workers -- recognized Lurleen Wallace as one of their own and they pledged their support.
HARPER: She told me one day, says, "I didn’t know there was so many tobacco chewers and snuff dippers in Alabama, and, and I think I’ve kissed every one of them." KENNEDY: It was one of the best times of her life.
哈珀：有一天她告诉我，“我不知道阿拉巴马州有这么多嚼烟的人和吸鼻烟的人，而且我想我已经吻过他们每一个人了。”肯尼迪：那是她一生中最美好的时光之一。
She truly came across as a loving compassionate person.
She truly came across as a loving compassionate person.
My mother has been gone for 30 years and there’s not a day that goes by that someone does not come up to me and say how wonderful she was or how much, uh, they loved her or how much they admired her.
我的母亲已经去世 30 年了，每天都会有人来找我说她有多棒，或者他们有多么，呃，他们有多么爱她，或者有多么钦佩她。
NARR: The 1966 Alabama election for governor would be remembered for another reason.
纳尔：1966 年阿拉巴马州州长选举被铭记还有另一个原因。
It was the first year black voters were registered in large numbers.
这是黑人选民大量登记的第一年。
White Alabama politicians like Richmond Flowers openly courted their votes.
像里士满·弗劳尔斯这样的阿拉巴马州白人政客公开拉拢他们的选票。
Flowers: I’m going to invite every citizen of Alabama with or without their robes and hoods to come by and watch those 50 stars as they spread out and say, "Which one, my friend, is Alabama?
弗劳尔斯：我将邀请阿拉巴马州的每一位公民，无论是否穿着长袍和头巾，都过来观看这 50 颗星星，他们散开来说：“我的朋友，哪一颗是阿拉巴马州？
They’re all alike!" There’s no difference.
他们都一样！”没有什么区别。
Lurleen: Now may I present the man who will be my number one assistant, my husband and your governor, George C.
露琳：现在请允许我介绍一位将成为我的第一助手、我的丈夫和你们的州长的乔治·C·布什 (George C.
Wallace.
华莱士。
NARR: The large number of new black voters wasn’t lost on Wallace either, as he chose his targets.
NARR: The large number of new black voters wasn’t lost on Wallace either, as he chose his targets.
GEORGE WALLACE: We’ll use the power and prestige of the governor’s office to try to awaken the American people to the trends that are rampant in our country.
乔治·华莱士：我们将利用州长办公室的权力和威望，试图唤醒美国人民，让他们认识到我国猖獗的趋势。
A trend that says we must fight the Communists in Vietnam while at the same time the Communist-controlled beatnik mobs in the streets influence national affairs in Washington, D.C. Flowers: Everybody that disagrees with him is a Communist.
一种趋势表明，我们必须在越南与共产党人作斗争，而与此同时，共产党控制的街头暴民却影响着华盛顿特区的国家事务。 弗劳尔斯：每个不同意他观点的人都是共产党人。
I’ll tell you why he has removed his vengeance from the Negro and turned it towards the Communists.
我会告诉你为什么他不再对黑人报仇，而是转向共产党人。
It’s just this simple friends-- there are not 238,000 Communists registered to vote in Alabama.
就是这么简单，朋友们——阿拉巴马州登记投票的共产党人还不到 238,000 名。
NARR: Opposing the Wallaces proved futile.
纳尔：反对华莱士家族被证明是徒劳的。
With a total of ten candidates in the Democratic primary, Lurleen Wallace won in a landslide.
民主党初选共有十名候选人，卢琳·华莱士以压倒性优势获胜。
INGRAM: There was just no contest because of-- they loved her but more than that, they wanted George Wallace to remain in power.
英格拉姆：没有竞争，因为他们爱她，但更重要的是，他们希望乔治·华莱士继续掌权。
NARR: In the general election that fall, Alabamians, black and white, flocked to the polls.
NARR: In the general election that fall, Alabamians, black and white, flocked to the polls.
The choice was between Lurleen Wallace and a far more conservative Republican.
The choice was between Lurleen Wallace and a far more conservative Republican.
CHESTNUT: My dear mother taught school in Selma, Alabama for forty years.
CHESTNUT: My dear mother taught school in Selma, Alabama for forty years.
And, uh, she had announced that she was going to vote for the Wallaces, as she put it.
And, uh, she had announced that she was going to vote for the Wallaces, as she put it.
And I said, "You must be out of your mind.
我说：“你一定是疯了。
You can’t do that to me.
你不能这样对我。
I’m known as one of the leading civil rights lawyers in the South.
我被认为是南方领先的民权律师之一。
How can my mother be voting for George Wallace?" And she said, "Look.
我妈妈怎么能投票给乔治·华莱士呢？”她说：“看。
George Wallace has built trade schools all over this state.
George Wallace has built trade schools all over this state.
George Wallace has raised the salaries of teachers three times in a row." That had never happened in her lifetime.
George Wallace has raised the salaries of teachers three times in a row."这在她的一生中从未发生过。
She said, "Look.
她说：“看。
We have free textbooks in the schools.
我们学校有免费的教科书。
And look at the cad who’s running against George Wallace." She says, "I don’t care what my son is, I’m voting for George Wallace." And she did.
看看那个与乔治·华莱士竞选的流氓。” She says, "I don’t care what my son is, I’m voting for George Wallace."她做到了。
NARR: Just a year and a half after the violence at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, and four years after George Wallace vowed "segregation forever," Lurleen Wallace won the governorship with 63 percent of the vote -- including a majority of Alabama’s black voters.
纳尔：埃德蒙·佩特斯大桥暴力事件发生仅一年半，乔治·华莱士发誓“永远种族隔离”四年后，卢琳·华莱士以 63% 的选票赢得了州长职位，其中包括大多数阿拉巴马州黑人选民。
JENKINS: Once she became governor, she occupied the governor’s office, but the real governor’s office was just across the hall where George Wallace sat.
詹金斯：当她成为州长后，她就占据了州长办公室，但真正的州长办公室就在乔治·华莱士坐的大厅对面。
One time Lurleen burst out of the governor’s office, unexpectedly and said "Where’s the governor?" [laughs] And, uh, and the aide seemed a little embarrassed by this, he smiled and he said, "You are the governor." She said, "You know what I mean," [laughs] and closed the door and went back in.
One time Lurleen burst out of the governor’s office, unexpectedly and said "Where’s the governor?" [laughs] And, uh, and the aide seemed a little embarrassed by this, he smiled and he said, "You are the governor." She said, "You know what I mean," [laughs] and closed the door and went back in.
NARR: As governor, Lurleen Wallace pushed for reform of mental health facilities and for expansion of state parks.
纳尔：作为州长，卢琳·华莱士推动了精神卫生设施的改革和州立公园的扩建。
And as long as she remained in office, George Wallace had a hammerlock on the government of Alabama.
And as long as she remained in office, George Wallace had a hammerlock on the government of Alabama.
INGRAM: His power was just complete and total and absolute at that point in Alabama to a fa-- I mean, it was, it was almost frightening how powerful he was.
英格拉姆：当时在阿拉巴马州，他的权力是完整的、完全的、绝对的——我的意思是，他的权力几乎令人恐惧。
You just didn't cross George Wallace.
你只是没有得罪乔治·华莱士。
JENKINS: uh, he created a, uh, climate, uh, of, of hysteria, almost, in which no one could challenge Wallace.
JENKINS: uh, he created a, uh, climate, uh, of, of hysteria, almost, in which no one could challenge Wallace.
GREENHAW: There was this atmosphere, eh, that just covered the capitol, that anybody who was not part of the Wallace team was on the outs.
GREENHAW: There was this atmosphere, eh, that just covered the capitol, that anybody who was not part of the Wallace team was on the outs.
You, you just didn’t belong there.
你，你只是不属于那里。
I later asked one of the Wallace people, "Why in the hell did you all try to browbeat everybody who comes around?" He said, "Man, we were using our power." NARR: With the state government in his pocket, Wallace could afford to think big.
后来我问华莱士家族的一位成员：“你们到底为什么要威逼周围的每个人？”他说：“伙计，我们正在使用我们的力量。”纳尔：有了州政府的掌权，华莱士就有能力大胆思考。
He planned to run for president in 1968.
他计划于 1968 年竞选总统。
And there was already an ample source of campaign funds -- kickbacks from state contracts -- collected by his Finance Director, Seymore Trammell TRAMMELL: I was George Wallace’s hatchet man uh, and also I was George Wallace’s son of a bitch.
而且已经有充足的竞选资金来源——来自国家合同的回扣——由他的财务总监西莫尔·特拉梅尔收取。特拉梅尔：我是乔治·华莱士的打手，呃，我也是乔治·华莱士的王八蛋。
If money had to be gotten from somebody, a type of graft, or kickback, I was the man that had to do that and, primarily, the use of the governor’s office was for the purpose of graft, so that we could have all of the people who did business with the state: any body, contractors, engineers.
如果必须从某人那里获取金钱，某种形式的贪污或回扣，我就是必须这样做的人，而且，主要的是，利用州长办公室是为了贪污的目的，这样我们就可以拥有所有与国家做生意的人：任何机构、承包商、工程师。
They would have to contribute ten percent of that contract into the campaign fund, and that would generate, uh, hundreds and hundreds of thousands of dollars.
他们必须将该合同的百分之十捐献给竞选基金，这将产生，呃，成百上千美元。
NARR: Wallace was going to need every dollar.
纳尔：华莱士将需要每一块钱。
He planned to run against the Republicans AND the Democrats, as the candidate of his new third party.
他计划作为他的新第三党的候选人与共和党和民主党竞争。
CARTER: And, of course, the threat to the opponents is that he will capture enough electoral votes, mainly in the South, that he’ll capture enough electoral votes that um, neither of his Democratic or Republican opponents will be able to capture a majority of the electoral college.
卡特：当然，对手面临的威胁是，他将获得足够的选举人票，主要是在南方，他将获得足够的选举人票，以至于他的民主党或共和党对手都无法获得选举团的多数席位。
And then he’ll be in the catbird’s seat.
然后他就会坐在猫鸟的位置上。
He’ll be in a position to dictate uh, to either candidate, alright, if you support me on the following issues, then I’ll deliver the presidency.
他将能够对任何一位候选人发号施令，好吧，如果你在以下问题上支持我，那么我将担任总统。
NARR: The Wallace third party campaign began with a drive to get on the ballot in California.
纳尔：华莱士的第三方竞选活动始于在加利福尼亚州参加选票的努力。
Man: Come on, folks.
男人：来吧，伙计们。
Man: Come on over and say hello to Governor George C.
男：过来跟乔治·C·州长打个招呼吧。
Wallace.
华莱士。
If you’d like to shake his hands and chat with him you can do so.
如果您想与他握手并聊天，您可以这样做。
Man: It will only take a minute to register if you’d like to register for George C.
男：如果你想报名参加乔治·C.
Wallace.
华莱士。
We have registrars that will register you in one minute so put him on the ballot here in California.
我们的登记员会在一分钟内为您登记，所以把他放在加利福尼亚州的选票上。
Archival Narrator: When the campaign kicked off, many political experts said Wallace didn’t have the appeal.
档案旁白：竞选开始时，许多政治专家表示华莱士没有吸引力。
But if he is underestimated by some, it’s not because he sidesteps any issues.
但如果他被一些人低估，那并不是因为他回避了任何问题。
He gets right down to cases.
他直接开始处理案件。
GEORGE WALLACE: And the Supreme Court of our country has handcuffed the police.
乔治·华莱士：我们国家的最高法院给警察戴上了手铐。
They have rendered decisions today that are absolutely ludicrous and asinine.
他们今天做出的决定绝对是荒谬和愚蠢的。
Turn people loose every day who are self-proven and confessed murderers of five or more people.
每天释放那些自我证明并承认杀害五人或五人以上的凶手的人。
You’ve read about it, you’ve seen it.
你已经读过它，你已经看到了它。
And when they turn somebody loose who’s a self-proven murderer of five or more people, some pseudo-intellectual tells us that really he’s not to blame.
当他们释放一个已被证明是杀害五人或更多人的凶手时，一些伪知识分子告诉我们，实际上他不应该受到责备。
Society is to blame because his poppa didn’t carry him to see the Los Angeles Rams play when he was a little boy and he’s mad with folks.
社会应该受到指责，因为当他还是个小男孩时，他的爸爸没有带他去看洛杉矶公羊队的比赛，而且他对人们很生气。
TURNIPSEED: California, you know, California always has had a great deal of extremists, you know, in politics one way or another, you know.
TURNIPSEED：加州，你知道，加州总是有很多极端分子，你知道，在政治上以某种方式，你知道。
As Governor Wallace used to say, "There’s a lot of nuts and kooks out there," you know.
正如华莱士州长常说的：“外面有很多疯子，”你知道。
In fact, we were talking about what to name the party.
事实上，我们正在讨论给聚会起什么名字。
And he said, "We probably ought to call it the Squirrel Party." I never will forget a fella who was one of my top people in Los Angeles and he took me down to the parking lot in a-- I think it was an old pickup.
他说：“我们或许应该称其为松鼠党。”我永远不会忘记一个小伙子，他是我在洛杉矶最重要的人之一，他开着一辆——我想那是一辆旧皮卡车把我带到了停车场。
Rolled the tarp back and, and he had in there all kinds of military weapons.
把防水布卷起来，里面有各种军用武器。
He had bazookas and machine guns.
他有火箭筒和机枪。
And I said, "What’s going on?" And he says, "Oh, we’ve got maneuvers up in the desert," you know.
我说：“发生了什么事？”他说，“哦，我们在沙漠里进行了演习，”你知道。
And I says, "For what?" And he says, "Well, it’s our group." And I says, "Well, is it the National Guard?" "No, no, no, it’s a private group." And I said, I said, "What do you call it?" He said, "Well, it’s our militia." And I said, "Who, who you armed against?" you know.
我说：“为了什么？”他说：“好吧，这是我们的团队。”我说：“嗯，是国民警卫队吗？” “不不不，这是私人团体。”我说，我说，“你怎么称呼它？”他说：“嗯，这是我们的民兵。”我说：“你武装起来反对谁？”你知道。
"Who are you after?
“你在追谁？
Are the Communists going to get you?" And he said, "No, we’re more concerned about the Rockefeller interest in the trilateral commission." And I just looked at the guy, you know.
共产党会抓你吗？”他说：“不，我们更关心洛克菲勒对三边委员会的兴趣。”我只是看着那个人，你知道。
What could I say?
我能说什么？
NARR: George Wallace had begun his run for the presidency in a season of civil unrest.
纳尔：乔治·华莱士是在一个内乱的季节开始竞选总统的。
When an assassin took the life of Dr. Martin Luther King in the spring of 1968, America’s cities erupted.
1968 年春天，一名刺客杀害了马丁·路德·金博士，美国的城市爆发了。
It was a situation ready-made for George Wallace.
对于乔治·华莱士来说，这是一个现成的情况。
NARR: But as he rode the tempest, with political advantage growing each day, tragedy also struck at home.
纳尔：但当他乘风破浪、政治优势与日俱增时，悲剧也发生在国内。
SMITH: I don’t think that, that when Lurleen ran for office she had any inkling that she was going to have a short time to live.
史密斯：我不认为，当露琳竞选公职时，她有任何迹象表明她的寿命很短。
Once it was diagnosed that it was cancer again, she was an optimistic person, but she was very grounded in realism.
当再次诊断出癌症时，她是一个乐观的人，但又非常脚踏实地。
SIMON: She was not bitter, I, I--Of course, as all mothers uh, uh, one of her great regrets was that she realized that she would not live to see, uh, Lee because Lee, Lee was six.
西蒙：她并不痛苦，我，我——当然，作为所有母亲，呃，呃，她最大的遗憾之一是她意识到她无法活着看到，呃，李，因为李，李已经六岁了。
And to see her grown or, or into her teens anyway.
并看到她长大，或者，或者无论如何，到她十几岁。
She said, "If I could just see my children grown I-- everything else would be alright." KENNEDY: We had watched her health decline, uh, steadily for many, many months.
她说：“如果我能看到我的孩子们长大，其他一切都会好起来的。”肯尼迪：我们看着她的健康状况持续恶化，呃，持续了好几个月。
Uh, she did come home from the hospital April the 13th.
呃，她确实是4月13日从医院回家的。
They let her come home because that was my, uh, little sister’s birthday.
他们让她回家，因为那是我，呃，小妹妹的生日。
She did come home basically to die.
她回家基本上就是为了死。
WALLACE JR: The night before she died, he came in my room and told me that, uh, that Mother would not, uh, live, would not make it.
小华莱士：在她去世的前一天晚上，他来到我的房间告诉我，呃，母亲不会，呃，活下去，不会活下去。
I became very upset, as he did.
我变得非常沮丧，就像他一样。
And, uh, uh, then we had dinner that night with the doctors in the mansion.
然后，呃，呃，然后那天晚上我们和豪宅里的医生一起吃晚饭。
And it was a matter of time.
这是时间问题。
KENNEDY: Uh, she never came, uh, out of her coma and we sat with her for several hours.
肯尼迪：呃，她一直没有从昏迷中苏醒，我们陪着她坐了几个小时。
And then, uh, we all gathered around the bedside.
然后，呃，我们都聚集在床边。
WALLACE JR.: My father was holding her hand, uh, during the last few minutes of her life.
小华莱士：在她生命的最后几分钟，我父亲握着她的手。
And, uh, and he told her, "Lurleen, we’re here." And he named the children and that we were all with her.
然后，呃，他告诉她，“露琳，我们到了。”他给孩子们起了名字，我们都和她在一起。
"Uh, if you understand, would you squeeze my hand." At which time, she squeezed his hand.
“呃，如果你明白的话，可以捏捏我的手吗？”这时，她握住了他的手。
And Dad asked the doctor, "Is that reflex voluntary?" And Dr. Hutchinson indicated that she, she, she hears you.
爸爸问医生：“这种反射是自愿的吗？”哈钦森博士表示她、她、她听到了你的声音。
She’s responding to you.
她正在回应你。
So that last embrace of hands was, uh, uh, her telling us of her love for us.
所以最后一次拥抱是，呃，呃，她告诉我们她对我们的爱。
NARR: "Good-bye sweetheart," were George Wallace’s last words to Lurleen.
纳尔：“再见，亲爱的，”这是乔治·华莱士对露琳说的最后一句话。
SIMON: It was a state funeral.
西蒙：那是一场国葬。
She lay in state in the capitol rotunda overnight.
她在国会大厦圆形大厅里安息了一夜。
People were lined up all the way down Dexter Avenue to get into the rotunda.
人们沿着德克斯特大道一直排着队，等待进入圆形大厅。
It was huge.
它是巨大的。
KENNEDY: It was very, very hard to, um, st-- stand there at her casket in the rotunda of the capitol while all of these people were around you and you're, you’re having to view her with no privacy.
肯尼迪：当所有这些人都在你周围时，站在国会大厦圆形大厅里她的灵柩旁，这是非常非常困难的，你必须毫无隐私地看着她。
It's, it's almost like we didn't have our time together because everything was watched.
就好像我们没有在一起的时间，因为一切都被监视了。
WALLACE JR: I remember driving to the cemetery with my father and he told me at that moment, uh, the day of the funeral, he said, "You don’t understand it now, but as years go by, when you understand the depth of affection people have for your mother, that will help sustain you in many ways." And it really did, knowing that so many people felt for her so deeply helped sustain us and give us strength.
小华莱士：我记得和父亲开车去墓地的时候，他告诉我，呃，葬礼那天，他说，“你现在不明白，但随着时间的推移，当你了解人们对你母亲的感情之深时，这将在很多方面帮助你支撑你。”确实如此，知道有这么多人对她有如此深的感情，这帮助我们支撑着我们，给了我们力量。
NARR: Five weeks after death of his wife, Lurleen, George Wallace resumed his campaign for President.
纳尔：乔治·华莱士的妻子卢琳去世五周后，他恢复了总统竞选活动。
He wished that he "could have waited a little longer," he said.
他说，他希望“能再等一会儿”。
But Wallace was being overtaken by the rush of events.
但华莱士却被突发事件所淹没。
Robert Kennedy had been assassinated just the week before.
罗伯特·肯尼迪就在一周前被暗杀。
In the growing chaos of violence, protest and rising crime, millions of Americans would come to believe that one man stood against the forces tearing the country apart.
在暴力、抗议和不断上升的犯罪日益混乱的情况下，数百万美国人逐渐相信，有一个人站出来反对撕裂国家的力量。
David McCullough, Series Host: Hello and welcome to The American Experience, I'm David McCullough.
系列主持人大卫·麦卡洛：大家好，欢迎收看《美国经历》，我是大卫·麦卡洛。
We continue with the second and concluding part of George Wallace.
我们继续乔治·华莱士的第二部分和最后部分。
The life of Governor George Wallace of Alabama is a modern-day tragedy of Shakespearean sweep and complexity.
阿拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士的一生是莎士比亚式的现代悲剧，其影响深远且复杂。
As we have seen, a respected liberal judge, sees racism as the salvation for his stalled political career.
正如我们所看到的，一位受人尊敬的自由派法官将种族主义视为他陷入停滞的政治生涯的救赎。
He grabs the chance and swept to prominence, "plays many parts" of profound consequence.
他抓住了这个机会，声名鹊起，“扮演了许多角色”，产生了深远的影响。
"Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever" was the rallying cry.
“现在隔离，明天隔离，永远隔离”是战斗口号。
Elected governor in 1962, Wallace was soon at center stage in the national drama of civil rights, playing to the crowds, playing to the cameras, "standing in the schoolhouse door," as if to stop two black students from entering.
1962年当选州长后，华莱士很快就成为了全国民权大戏的中心舞台，他向人群、向镜头表演，“站在校舍门口”，仿佛要阻止两名黑人学生进入。
A storm of racial violence followed in Alabama.
阿拉巴马州随后爆发了一场种族暴力风暴。
The jeering mobs, the fire hoses and dogs as seen on television, the cold-blooded murder of Sunday school children, the police brutality of "Bloody Sunday" at Selma were seared forever on the nation's memory.
电视上看到的嘲笑的暴民、消防水龙和狗、对主日学校学生的冷血谋杀、塞尔玛“血腥星期日”警察的暴行都永远烙在了这个国家的记忆中。
But along with the corruption of the Wallace administration came popular programs for education, and help for the poor, black and white.
但随着华莱士政府的腐败，流行的教育计划以及对穷人、黑人和白人的帮助也随之而来。
When unable to run for another term, because of an Alabama law, Wallace saw that his wife was elected in his place.
当由于阿拉巴马州的一项法律而无法竞选连任时，华莱士看到他的妻子代替他当选。
By the time of her death from cancer, he had launched his first bid for the presidency, which is the point where we continue.
当她因癌症去世时，他已经开始首次竞选总统，这就是我们继续的话题。
Through the whole course of Wallace's story, questions keep arising, up to and including the last tormented years, when he asked for forgiveness.
在华莱士故事的整个过程中，问题不断出现，直到并包括最后那段痛苦的岁月，当他请求宽恕时。
Was it redemption he was seeking?
他寻求的是救赎吗？
Or re-election.
或者重新选举。
George Wallace, Settin' the Woods on Fire, Part II.
乔治·华莱士，《点燃树林》，第二部分。
PEGGY KENNEDY: We were at dinner one night and ah we were just talking about Politics and things that were important in life and he said there are two things that were most important in life.
佩吉·肯尼迪：一天晚上我们一起吃晚饭，我们只是谈论政治和生活中重要的事情，他说生活中有两件事是最重要的。
That’s money and power, and I don’t care for money.
那就是金钱和权力，而我不在乎金钱。
He loved power.
他热爱权力。
NARR: George Corley Wallace, a man who started out battling for the poor regardless of color.
纳尔：乔治·科利·华莱士，一个不分肤色地为穷人而战的人。
Then found the key to power in the outstretched hands of racism.
然后在种族主义伸出的手中发现了权力的钥匙。
NARR: A man who gave voice to the hopes and fears of millions of Americans only to be gunned down in his prime.
纳尔：一个表达了数百万美国人的希望和恐惧的人，却在鼎盛时期被枪杀。
NARR: A man who turned to the very same people he had scorned and asked for their forgiveness.
纳尔：一个向他曾经鄙视过的人求助并请求他们原谅的人。
George Corley Wallace, haunted by his past foreshadowing his country's future.
乔治·科利·华莱士 (George Corley Wallace) 深受过去的困扰，预示着国家的未来。
BRAGG: People down here still say what if?
布拉格：这里的人们还在说如果怎么办？
What if one of the bullets had been just a little bit over to one side, he'd still been walkin’ and standin’ and not in constant pain.
如果其中一颗子弹只是稍微偏向一侧，他仍然可以行走和站立，并且不会持续疼痛。
You know, what if?
你知道，如果呢？
NARR: Five weeks after the death of his wife Lurleen, George Wallace resumed his campaign for president.
纳尔：乔治·华莱士在妻子卢琳去世五周后，继续竞选总统。
He wished that he "could have waited a little longer," he said.
他说，他希望“能再等一会儿”。
But Wallace was being overtaken by the rush of events.
但华莱士却被突发事件所淹没。
Robert Kennedy had been assassinated just the week before.
罗伯特·肯尼迪就在一周前被暗杀。
Martin Luther King stuck down only months earlier.
马丁·路德·金仅在几个月前就陷入困境。
Cities in flames, campus protests, the war in Vietnam.
大火中的城市、校园抗议、越南战争。
From out of the chaos the Nation would emerge fundamentally change.
国家将摆脱混乱而发生根本性的变化。
The Liberal impulse that had dominated politics since the New Deal would give away to a new conservatism .
自新政以来主导政治的自由主义冲动将让位于新的保守主义。
In 1968 the man in the eye of the storm who set the agenda , law and order, the danger of big government and the minds of many the politics of race was the third party candidate for President hoping to deadlock the election.
1968 年，这位处于风暴中心的人制定了议程、法律和秩序、大政府的危险以及许多种族政治的思想，他是第三党总统候选人，希望使选举陷入僵局。
Wallace Political Advertisement: Look America, take a good look.
华莱士政治广告：看看美国，好好看看。
This was done by anarchists, revolutionaries, the Molotov cocktail set.
这是由无政府主义者、革命者和莫洛托夫鸡尾酒组完成的。
Ask yourself why are the anti-American, anti-God anarchists also violently anti-Wallace.
问问你自己，为什么反美、反上帝的无政府主义者也暴力地反华莱士。
Want to get rid of them?
想摆脱他们吗？
Then don’t waste your vote on those that encourage the sit-ins and illegal marches.
那么就不要把选票浪费在那些鼓励静坐和非法游行的人身上。
Vote for a law-abiding, God-fearing America.
投票给一个守法、敬畏上帝的美国。
It takes courage.
这需要勇气。
Wallace has it, do you?
华莱士有，你有吗？
Murphree: The Negro, uh, no doubt about it, has got out of hand.
Murphree：黑人，呃，毫无疑问，已经失控了。
And I think Wallace will enforce law and order.
我认为华莱士将执行法律和秩序。
And, uh, this is one thing that the people are concerned about.
而且呃,这是人们关心的一件事。
It’s dangerous for people to even leave their doors unlocked, you have to lock your doors.
人们即使不锁门也是危险的，你必须锁好门。
GEORGE WALLACE: And it is a sad day in our country that you cannot walk even in your neighborhoods at night or even in the daytime because both national parties, in the last number of years, have kow-towed to every group of anarchists that have roamed the streets of San Francisco and Los Angeles and throughout the country.
乔治·华莱士：在我们国家，这是悲伤的一天，你甚至不能在晚上甚至白天在你的社区行走，因为在过去的几年里，两个国家政党都向在旧金山、洛杉矶和全国各地的街道上漫步的每一个无政府主义者团体卑躬屈膝。
And now they have created themselves a Frankenstein monster and the chickens are coming home to roost all over this country.
现在他们给自己创造了一个弗兰肯斯坦怪物，而鸡们正在全国各地栖息。
LEWIS: I think he knew very well in his very heart and soul what he was doing.
刘易斯：我认为他内心和灵魂都非常清楚自己在做什么。
Governor Wallace was a cold political opportunist and he used the question of race to fan the flames of division in order to seek a political goal.
华莱士州长是一个冷酷的政治机会主义者，他利用种族问题煽动分裂的火焰，以谋取政治目标。
TURNIPSEED: Race and being opposed to the civil rights movement and all it meant was the very heart and soul of the Wallace campaign.
TURNIPSEED：种族和反对民权运动，这一切意味着华莱士竞选的核心和灵魂。
I mean, that’s what it was all about.
我的意思是，这就是全部内容。
And I remember I was in a little town in south central Massachusetts called Webster.
我记得我当时在马萨诸塞州中南部一个叫韦伯斯特的小镇。
I went to the Polish-American Club And the manager says, "Well," says, "when Governor Wallace is elected president," he said, "he’s going to line up all these niggers and shoot them, isn’t he?" And I said, "Oh hell, no." You know, I was being honest with him.
我去了波兰裔美国人俱乐部，经理说，“好吧，”他说，“当华莱士州长当选总统时，”他说，“他会把所有这些黑鬼排成一排，然后射杀他们，不是吗？”我说：“天哪，不。”你知道，我对他很诚实。
I said, "He’s just worried about agitators and things like that." But this guy was dead serious.
我说：“他只是担心煽动者之类的事情。”但这家伙却是认真的。
Interviewer’s question [off camera]: What do you think is the biggest attraction that Wallace has?
采访者提问（镜头外）：你认为华莱士最大的魅力是什么？
Working man: Uh, common sense and easy-to-understand language.
上班族：呃，常识，通俗易懂的语言。
He can talk to the American public without making a complicated situation out of anything.
他可以与美国公众交谈，而不会造成任何复杂的情况。
BUCHANAN: Wallace’s great trait was to cut through the political malarkey and to speak clearly and succinctly in language people could understand.
布坎南：华莱士的伟大之处在于能够消除政治上的胡言乱语，并用人们可以理解的语言清晰简洁地讲话。
I remember in 1968, we were, Nixon was saying, you know, using diplomatic, political and other skills, "We will end the war and win the peace in Vietnam," and we had this formulation.
我记得在 1968 年，尼克松说，你知道，利用外交、政治和其他技巧，“我们将结束战争并赢得越南的和平”，我们有这样的表述。
Wallace got up there and said, "Win the war, or get out," which is in retrospect, exactly what we should have done.
华莱士站起来说，“赢得战争，或者滚蛋”，现在回想起来，这正是我们应该做的。
One, or the other.
一个，或者另一个。
And people understood that.
人们明白这一点。
GEORGE WALLACE: We’ve got some professors in this part of the country who are today calling for communist victory.
乔治·华莱士：我们这个地区的一些教授今天呼吁共产主义胜利。
And they say that’s free speech.
他们说这是言论自由。
But they mean free speech only if you let them speak.
但只有当你让他们发言时，他们才意味着言论自由。
They don’t want anybody else to speak.
他们不想让其他人说话。
And I tell you-- TURNIPSEED: Governor Wallace used to just love to use the long-haired hippie agitators, the, the folks who were out in the front lines of the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement.
我告诉你——芜菁籽：华莱士州长曾经喜欢利用长发嬉皮士煽动者，那些在民权运动和反战运动前线的人们。
GEORGE WALLACE: I love you, too.
乔治·华莱士：我也爱你。
I sure do.
我当然知道。
[laughter] Oh, I thought you were a she, you’re a he.
[笑声]哦，我以为你是个女人，你是个男人。
Oh my goodness.
哦，我的天啊。
TURNIPSEED: The folks that he felt like his constituency uh, uh, just really disliked the most, you know.
TURNIPSEED：那些他认为是他的选区的人，呃，呃，真的最不喜欢，你知道。
GEORGE WALLACE: And when he was in California, a group of anarchists lay down in front of his automobile, and threatened his personal safety, the president of the United States!
乔治·华莱士：当他在加利福尼亚州时，一群无政府主义者躺在他的汽车前，威胁他美国总统的人身安全！
Well, I want to tell you that if you elect me the president and I go to California or I come to Arkansas and some of them lie down in front of my automobile, it will be the last one they’ll ever want to lie down in front of.
好吧，我想告诉你，如果你选我当总统，我去加利福尼亚州或阿肯色州，他们中的一些人躺在我的车前，这将是他们最后想躺在我的车前的车。
Demonstrators chant: Wallace is a pig!
示威者高呼：华莱士是头猪！
Wallace is a pig!
华莱士是头猪！
Black & white demonstrators: Wallace is a pig, ooh-ah!
黑白示威者：华莱士是头猪，哦啊！
Wallace is a pig, ooh-ah!
华莱士是头猪，哦啊！
GEORGE WALLACE: I want to say again what I said in the beginning.
乔治·华莱士：我想再说一遍我一开始说的话。
You fellas better have your day now because you’re through later on, I can tell you that much.
你们最好现在就过好日子，因为稍后你们就会结束，我可以告诉你们这么多。
TRAMMELL: Uh, that would be the kind of pictures that we would want.
特拉梅尔：呃，这就是我们想要的那种照片。
GEORGE WALLACE: Well, just keep on, you get me a million votes every time you show up, I’ll tell you that much.
乔治华莱士：好吧，继续吧，每次你出现，你都会给我一百万张选票，我会告诉你这么多。
TRAMMELL: When that would be on television, and particularly back home in the South.
特拉梅尔：当这件事出现在电视上时，尤其是在南方的家乡。
GEORGE WALLACE: Come up here after I’ve completed my speech and I’ll autograph your sandals for you.
乔治·华莱士：我演讲结束后到这里来，我会在你的凉鞋上签名。
TRAMMELL: People would just, want to just leave the cotton fields early in the afternoon and get to the television and send whatever dollars they had, right into the campaign headquarters.
特拉梅尔：人们只是想在下午早些时候离开棉田，走到电视前，将他们拥有的所有美元直接送到竞选总部。
And by doing that, we were able to finance the campaign.
通过这样做，我们能够为该活动提供资金。
Demonstrators: Wallace go home!
示威者：华莱士回家吧！
Wallace go home!
华莱士回家吧！
GEORGE WALLACE: Why don’t you young punks get out of the auditorium?
乔治·华莱士：你们这些小混混为什么不离开礼堂呢？
GEORGE WALLACE whispers (to someone off camera in audience): What’d you say?
乔治·华莱士（对镜头外观众中的某个人）低声说道：你说什么？
You go to hell, you son of a bitch.
你下地狱去吧，你这个王八蛋。
GEORGE WALLACE: And I tell you what, I may not teach you any politics if you’ll listen but I’ll teach you some good manners.
乔治·华莱士：我告诉你，如果你愿意听的话，我可能不会教你任何政治，但我会教你一些礼貌。
I’ll teach you some good manners.
我会教你一些良好的礼仪。
I’ll teach you some good manners.
我会教你一些良好的礼仪。
George Wallace supporters: We want Wallace!
乔治华莱士支持者：我们想要华莱士！
We want Wallace!
我们想要华莱士！
INGRAM: He was one of the few candidates that I, in my experience, that people would literally fight you over.
英格拉姆：根据我的经验，他是少数几个人们会真正为你争论的候选人之一。
They would, they would hit you with their fist.
他们会，他们会用拳头打你。
I mean, it-- the feelings were intense.
我的意思是，这种感觉非常强烈。
Wallace supporter: You shut up!
华莱士支持者：你闭嘴！
You rotten finks!
你们这些臭家伙！
Wallace supporter: You ought to take them people over there and put them in a bunch of cages and ship them off in a ship and dump them.
华莱士的支持者：你应该把他们带到那里，把他们关在一堆笼子里，然后用船把他们运走，然后扔掉。
INGRAM: Uh, he brought that-- he was himself the boxer, the fighter.
英格拉姆：呃，他带来了这一点——他本人就是拳击手、斗士。
JONES: Well, if you’ve ever seen George Wallace on the stump, you know that the fists are swinging and sometimes it’s open hands but most of the time, it’s that fist swinging to stress a point.
琼斯：嗯，如果你见过乔治·华莱士在树桩上，你就会知道他的拳头在挥动，有时是张开双手，但大多数时候，挥动拳头是为了强调一点。
And he was very good at it.
他非常擅长。
GEORGE WALLACE: They’ve never paid any attention to anything that the people of your state or my state did or said in the past.
乔治·华莱士：他们从来没有关注过你们州或我州人民过去所做或所说的任何事情。
They ignored us and looked down their nose at us and called us everything under the sun.
他们无视我们，蔑视我们，称我们为天底下的一切。
And I’m sick and tired of it and I resent it because I feel the people of our region are just as intelligent and refined and cultured as the people of any region of the United States or the entire world.
我对此感到厌倦和怨恨，因为我觉得我们地区的人民与美国或全世界任何地区的人民一样聪明、文雅和有教养。
And that’s no reflection of upon the people of any other section of our country.
这并没有反映到我们国家任何其他地区的人民身上。
CARTER: Day after day, white Southerners looked at the television and what did they see?
卡特：南方白人日复一日地看电视，他们看到了什么？
They saw a kind of morality play in which there were the heroic, the civil rights activists, and these horrific bestial, violent white Southerners.
他们看到了一种道德剧，其中有英雄、民权活动家，也有这些可怕的野兽、暴力的南方白人。
And now you have George Wallace, standing up, standing up for America, he says, but really standing up for white Southerners.
现在乔治·华莱士站起来，为美国挺身而出，他说，但实际上是为南方白人挺身而出。
GEORGE WALLACE: Yes, they’ve looked down their nose at you and me a long time.
乔治·华莱士：是的，他们长期以来一直瞧不起你和我。
They’ve called us rednecks -- the Republicans and the Democrats.
他们称我们为乡下人——共和党人和民主党人。
Well, we’re going to show there sure are a lot of rednecks in this country.
好吧，我们要证明这个国家确实有很多乡巴佬。
CARTER: And in that sense, he becomes the champion of the white South.
卡特：从这个意义上说，他成为了南方白人的冠军。
It didn’t matter that he loses.
他输了并不重要。
He loses in ‘63 against the Kennedys.
他在 63 年输给了肯尼迪家族。
He loses again in, uh, in virtually every confrontation he has.
他在，呃，几乎每一次对抗中都再次失败。
But white Southerners are used to that since the Civil War.
但自内战以来，南方白人已经习惯了这一点。
They’ve always lost.
他们总是输。
What is important is not, so much winning as it is being a fighter, standing up, defending your rights, showing how tough you are and, and in a sense, getting Americans to respect you.
重要的不是胜利，而是成为一名斗士，挺身而出，捍卫自己的权利，展示自己的坚强，并在某种意义上让美国人尊重你。
GEORGE WALLACE: And in school lunchrooms throughout the country where public funds are involved they’ve held that as a result of this decision that little children cannot even bow their heads and say, "God is great, God is good." It violates the Constitution, they say.
乔治·华莱士：在全国各地涉及公共资金的学校午餐室中，他们认为，由于这一决定，小孩子甚至无法低下头说：“上帝是伟大的，上帝是良善的。”他们说，这违反了宪法。
Well, whoever heard of any such interpretation of the Constitution of our country?
那么，谁听说过我国宪法有这样的解释呢？
Those are the things that the average man in this country is sick and tired of.
这些是这个国家的普通人已经厌倦的事情。
BUCHANAN: There was a tremendous counter revolution to what the Supreme Court was doing in the 50s and early 60s with its decisions on school prayer, and its decisions on integration, and its decisions later on, on abortion and things like that.
布坎南：最高法院在 50 年代和 60 年代初所做的事情发生了一场巨大的反革命，它做出了关于学校祈祷的决定，关于融合的决定，以及后来关于堕胎等问题的决定。
And what Governor Wallace did, Governor Wallace was the first to hit these directly head-on to pick up on these issues and address these concerns of middle America And he became really the tribune of middle America, the tribune of the people.
华莱士州长所做的事情是，华莱士州长是第一个直接正面攻击这些问题并解决美国中部的这些问题的人，他真正成为美国中部的论坛，人民的论坛。
TRAMMELL: The people that really believed in Wallace were the people that he would term as the rednecks, the wool hats, the hayseed, the footlog walkers, the square dancers, the guitar pickers.
特拉梅尔：真正相信华莱士的人是他所说的乡巴佬、羊毛帽人、干草籽人、步行者、广场舞者、吉他手。
They did believe that, uh, somewhere out of the ranks of the poor people, that, uh, some person would ultimately rise and represent their thoughts, their ideas, and their wants and their wishes.
他们确实相信，呃，在穷人行列之外的某个地方，呃，有些人最终会崛起并代表他们的思想、想法、需求和愿望。
And George Wallace was the man.
乔治·华莱士就是这样的人。
TURNIPSEED: He’d say "You ever heard of Mountain Brook, Alabama?" And they’d say, "No, Geor-- Governor, tell us about it." And he said, "Well, Mountain Brook is an all lily-white town.
萝卜籽：他会说“你听说过阿拉巴马州的布鲁克山吗？”他们会说：“不，乔治州长，请告诉我们这件事。”他说：“嗯，布鲁克山是一座全是百合花白色的小镇。
It’s over across the mountain from Birmingham.
它位于伯明翰的山对面。
You know, Birmingham, as you know, has got all the steel mills and all.
你知道，伯明翰拥有所有的钢铁厂等等。
And, and you got the blue collar working class people there and, of course, they’re faced with their schools, their kids being bussed from here there to yonder to kingdom come to integrate the schools." And he says, "But you take the fellows, that, that-- the executives of the mills, the big shots of the mills, they get into air-conditioned Cadillacs and their chauffeurs drive on back up to Mountain Brook where the average home is worth about $300,000 a piece and some of the homes have 15 bathrooms in ‘em." [laughs] And he says, "And they drive up there and they sit up there at the Country Club, the Mountain Brook Country Club, and they got these little martinis and they hold their little fingers up in the air, and they sip on the martinis.
而且，那里有蓝领工人阶级，当然，他们面临着自己的学校，他们的孩子被从这里乘公共汽车到那里，再到王国来整合学校。”他说，“但是你带着这些人，那个，那个——工厂的高管，工厂的大人物，他们开着空调凯迪拉克，他们的司机开车回到布鲁克山，那里的平均房屋价值约为每间 30 万美元，有些房屋有 15 个浴室。” [笑]他说，“他们开车到那里，坐在乡村俱乐部，布鲁克山乡村俱乐部，他们喝了这些小马提尼酒，他们把小手指举在空中，喝着马提尼酒。
And you know what they say?
你知道他们说什么吗？
‘Oh, we’ve got to be progressive, we’ve got to have some of this integration, says, it’s good.’ You know, to bus your children from here to there to kingdom come and back again and guess where their children go to school?
“哦，我们必须进步，我们必须进行一些整合，说，这很好。”你知道，用巴士载着你的孩子从这里到那里到王国来再回来，猜猜他们的孩子在哪里上学？
To all-white private schools up in Mountain Brook." CARTER: And George Wallace forces Americans, uh, to look at the, the arguments that he has, simply because of the political power that he gradually accumulates.
布鲁克山的全白人私立学校。”卡特：乔治·华莱士迫使美国人，呃，审视他所拥有的论点，仅仅是因为他逐渐积累的政治权力。
As the electorate moves up from 8% to 10% to finally by October of 1968, about 22, 23% of the American voters say they support George Wallace for president.
随着选民比例从 8% 上升到 10%，最终到 1968 年 10 月，大约有 22%、23% 的美国选民表示他们支持乔治·华莱士竞选总统。
NARR: The election for president was only a month away.
纳尔：距离总统选举只有一个月了。
But George Wallace’s popularity was about to be dealt a staggering blow.
但乔治·华莱士的人气即将受到沉重打击。
TRAMMELL: George Wallace said, "Seymore, I’m gonna tell you who we need as a vice-presidential running mate.
特拉梅尔：乔治·华莱士说：“西莫尔，我要告诉你我们需要谁作为副总统竞选搭档。
That is General Curtis LeMay.
那是柯蒂斯·李梅将军。
Because just think, Seymore, we can get all of the veterans voting for us." NARR: A former Air Force Chief of Staff, General LeMay was a favorite of the political right.
因为只要想想，西莫尔，我们就能让所有退伍军人投票给我们。”纳尔：勒梅将军是前空军参谋长，是右翼政治人物的宠儿。
But his blunt manner especially on the subject of nuclear warfare had earned him a reputation as a "loose cannon." With the outspoken general at his side, George Wallace introduced to the national press his choice for vice president.
但他的直率态度，特别是在核战争问题上，为他赢得了“松散的大炮”的声誉。在这位直言不讳的将军的陪伴下，乔治·华莱士向全国媒体介绍了他对副总统的选择。
GEORGE WALLACE: General LeMay spent 37 years in the service of his country.
乔治·华莱士：李梅将军为国家服务了 37 年。
One of the outstanding characteristics that I admire greatly is his willingness to speak his mind.
我非常钦佩的突出特点之一是他愿意说出自己的想法。
Well, about the first or second question out of the box was Jack Nelson, who represented the "LA Times." NELSON: Uh, I asked General LeMay about his statements concerning dropping the H-bomb, you know, in a, in a war.
好吧，关于第一个问题或第二个问题是《洛杉矶时报》的代表杰克·尼尔森。纳尔逊：呃，我向李梅将军询问了他关于在战争中投放氢弹的言论。
NARR: Anticipating such questions from the press and fearing a potential gaff, Wallace’s staff had carefully prepared LeMay.
纳尔：华莱士的工作人员预料到媒体会提出此类问题，并担心可能出现失误，因此为勒梅做好了仔细的准备。
JONES: We spent the night with LeMay, telling him, "Stay off of nuclear warfare and those type of things." If you get asked a question like that, fluff it off and say, "That has nothing to do with George Wallace and me running for president and vice president." NARR: But the trait Wallace and LeMay shared of plain-speaking was about to go nuclear.
琼斯：我们和勒梅一起过夜，告诉他“远离核战争和类似的事情。”如果你被问到这样的问题，那就敷衍地说：“这与乔治·华莱士和我竞选总统和副总统无关。”纳尔：但是华莱士和勒梅所共有的直言不讳的特质即将成为核心。
Reporter [off camera]: As a potential vice-president, what would be your policy in the employment of nuclear weapons?
记者[镜头外]：作为潜在的副总统，您在核武器的使用方面有何政策？
LeMay: Well, we seem to have a-- uh, I’ll take the nuclear weapons section first.
勒梅：嗯，我们似乎有——呃，我首先讨论核武器部分。
We seem to have a phobia about nuclear weapons.
我们似乎对核武器有恐惧症。
TURNIPSEED: He was drawn into a long conversation about nuclear weaponry and the tests that had been done with the hydrogen bombs out in the South Pacific and so forth.
TURNIPSEED：他陷入了一场关于核武器和在南太平洋进行的氢弹试验等方面的长谈。
LeMay: The rats were supposed to be vaporized inside of this fireball.
LeMay：老鼠应该在这个火球内被蒸发。
But, uh, the rats out there are bigger, fatter and healthier than they ever were before.
但是，呃，那里的老鼠比以前更大、更胖、更健康。
TURNIPSEED: And Governor Wallace was standing over on the side, kind of looking, and just kind of shrinking up, you could tell he wanted to get out of there.
TURNIPSEED：华莱士州长站在一边，看起来有点收缩，你可以看出他想离开那里。
LeMay: I don’t believe the world will end if we explode a nuclear weapon.
李梅：我不相信如果我们爆炸核武器世界就会毁灭。
But, on the other hand, I don’t want to explode one unless we have to.
但是，另一方面，除非必要，否则我不想引爆一个。
As a matter of fact, I don’t want to stick a rusty knife into anybody’s belly until I have to, either.
事实上，除非万不得已，我也不想把一把生锈的刀插进任何人的肚子里。
JONES: Wallace was so mad, and he would not let me -- "he" being Wallace -- would not let me stop the durn news conference.
琼斯：华莱士非常生气，他不让我——“他”是华莱士——不让我阻止该死的新闻发布会。
NELSON: The governor, uh, tried to pull him away and, uh, said, "I know you folks, I know you out there from the Los Angeles Times , and the general don’t know how to handle you." GEORGE WALLACE: Uh, so, Mr. Nelson he hasn’t said anything about using nuclear weapons.
尼尔森：州长，呃，试图把他拉开，然后，呃，说，“我认识你们，我认识你们，来自《洛杉矶时报》，将军不知道如何对付你们。”乔治·华莱士：呃，纳尔逊先生，他没有说过任何有关使用核武器的事情。
And, uh …
而且，呃……
[Reporters fire off questions, "Governor, give us the peace sign."] JONES: I, I could have got it stopped and moved on, but Wallace would not let me do it.
[记者们提出问题，“州长，给我们和平标志。”]琼斯：我，我本可以让它停止并继续前进，但华莱士不让我这样做。
GEORGE WALLACE: Let General LeMay answer.
乔治·华莱士：让勒梅将军回答。
General LeMay would be glad to answer your question.
李梅将军很乐意回答你的问题。
NELSON: And the General, he decided that he was not gonna be denied his opportunity in the sun.
尼尔森：将军，他决定不会剥夺他在阳光下的机会。
And so, uh, you know he continued to answer a couple of questions.
所以，呃，你知道他继续回答了几个问题。
LEMAY: If I found it necessary, I would use anything that we could dream up.
LEMAY：如果我发现有必要，我会使用任何我们能想到的东西。
Anything that we could dream up, including nuclear weapons, if it was necessary.
任何我们能想到的东西，包括核武器，如果有必要的话。
Reporter [off camera]: Is it possible to win a nuclear war, general?
记者[镜头外]：将军，有可能赢得核战争吗？
Aide: General, we’ve got to go.
助手：将军，我们该走了。
LEMAY: No, I’ll answer that.
勒梅：不，我会回答这个问题。
I don’t think it’s possible for anybody to win-- NELSON: I mean it was a hilarious situation in a way.
我认为任何人都不可能获胜——尼尔森：我的意思是，从某种程度上来说，这是一个很搞笑的情况。
But it was also kind of devastating.
但这也是毁灭性的。
By the time that all of the networks ran it that evening as the lead on their program, and all the papers the next morning had the headlines on page one, uh, he’d began to go down in the polls.
那天晚上，当所有电视网都将其作为节目的主角时，第二天早上所有报纸都在第一版上刊登了头条新闻时，呃，他的民意调查开始下降。
JONES: I don’t, uh, blame Nelson.
琼斯：我不，呃，责怪尼尔森。
If I’d been sitting out there, and I’ve reported a little bit in my life, I, I may have asked the same question.
如果我一直坐在那里，并且我在我的生活中做了一些报道，我，我可能会问同样的问题。
It was funny, really, when it was all over, a year or so later.
大约一年后，当一切结束时，这真的很有趣。
Wasn’t very funny that day.
那天不太好笑。
NARR: The press conference earned Wallace and LeMay the nickname the "Bombsey Twins." Voters who had been cautiously leaning toward Wallace began slipping away.
纳尔：这次新闻发布会为华莱士和勒梅赢得了“邦西双胞胎”的绰号。一直谨慎地倾向于华莱士的选民开始流失。
[Crowd chanting "Wallace must go!" repeatedly] NARR: In the end, Richard Nixon -- and not George Wallace -- would become the nation’s 37th President.
[人群高呼“华莱士必须走！”纳尔：最终，理查德·尼克松——而不是乔治·华莱士——将成为美国第 37 任总统。
GEORGE WALLACE: Great reception.
乔治·华莱士： 接待非常好。
Great reception.
很棒的接待。
NARR: But Wallace -- who had received over 10 million votes and carried five Southern states -- had come close to achieving his real goal — deadlocking the election.
纳尔：但是华莱士——他获得了超过 1000 万张选票并赢得了南方五个州——已经接近实现他的真正目标——让选举陷入僵局。
With a shift of less than one percent of the vote in just two more states -- he would have had enough electoral votes to throw the election into the House of Representatives.
只要再有两个州的选票变化不到百分之一，他就有足够的选举人票将选举提交众议院。
Wallace would have been the kingmaker -- delivering the presidency to the party most willing to embrace his issues.
华莱士本可以成为拥王者——将总统职位交给最愿意接受他的问题的政党。
[Wallace Supporters: We want Wallace!] NARR : Those issues -- and the millions of Americans who had supported him -- were not about to go away.
[华莱士支持者：我们想要华莱士！] 纳尔：这些问题——以及支持他的数百万美国人——不会消失。
[Wallace Supporters: We want Wallace!] CARTER: In 1968, uh, it is true that the heart of his support remains in the South.
[华莱士支持者：我们想要华莱士！] 卡特：1968 年，呃，确实，他的支持核心仍然在南方。
But even outside the South a large minority supports George Wallace.
但即使在南方以外，也有很大一部分人支持乔治·华莱士。
And what I think it, it, it represents is this tectonic shift in American politics that takes place in the 1960s.
我认为它代表的是 20 世纪 60 年代美国政治的结构性转变。
Race riots, the backlash against Great Society programs, uh, the divisions that are exposed by the war in Vietnam.
种族骚乱，对伟大社会计划的强烈反对，呃，越南战争暴露的分歧。
In a sense, American politics comes unwound in the 1960s.
从某种意义上说，美国政治在 20 世纪 60 年代开始放松。
Whether it’s through intuition or luck or simply being in the right place at the right time, George Wallace always seems to anticipate this.
无论是凭借直觉、运气，还是仅仅在正确的时间出现在正确的地点，乔治·华莱士似乎总是能预见到这一点。
GEORGE WALLACE: If you’ll sit down, I’ll drown that crowd out.
乔治·华莱士：如果你坐下来，我会把那群人淹没。
If you’ll just sit down, I’ll drown ‘em out.
如果你坐下来，我就会把它们淹没。
[cheers] All he needs is a good haircut.
[干杯]他所需要的只是一个好的发型。
If he’ll go to the barbershop, I think they can cure him.
如果他去理发店，我想他们可以治愈他。
CARTER: He’s the first one in many cases to raise these issues, to speak bluntly, frankly.
卡特：在很多情况下，他是第一个提出这些问题、直言不讳、坦率地说的人。
That appeals to a large minority and it’s always a minority, but a large minority of Americans who finally say, "We have a politician who’s not going to give us some mealy-mouth, on the one hand and on the other, but he’s going to tell it like it is.
这吸引了很大一部分人，而且总是少数人，但最终有一小部分美国人会说：“我们有一位政治家，他一方面不会给我们胡言乱语，但他会照原样说出来。
Even if it’s offensive to some people, so what?
即使这会冒犯某些人，那又怎样？
Young man: Give ‘em hell, George!
年轻人：让他们见鬼去吧，乔治！
Give ‘em hell!
让他们见鬼去吧！
Give ‘em hell, George!
让他们见鬼去吧，乔治！
NARR: After the 1968 defeat, George Wallace returned to Montgomery, Alabama, to his modest, suburban home.
纳尔：1968 年失败后，乔治·华莱士回到阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利郊区他简陋的家中。
He was now a single parent, raising his younger children, Peggy, George Jr. and Lee.
他现在是一位单亲家长，抚养着年幼的孩子佩吉、小乔治和李。
But the widower kept a busy schedule.
但鳏夫的日程安排得很紧。
He traveled, raised money, and looked toward the 1972 presidential race.
他到处旅行、筹集资金，并展望 1972 年的总统竞选。
Also, a new love entered his life, someone raised in politics, who easily shared the spotlight and even drew some of her own.
此外，一位新欢进入了他的生活，一个在政界长大的人，她很容易成为众人瞩目的焦点，甚至还吸引了一些她自己的关注。
She was Big Jim Folsom’s niece, a former beauty queen, the recently divorced Cornelia Ellis Snively.
她是大吉姆·福尔瑟姆的侄女，前选美皇后，最近离婚的科妮莉亚·埃利斯·斯尼利。
GREENHAW: First of all, Cornelia was a beautiful woman.
格林霍：首先，科妮莉亚是一位美丽的女人。
She was a knockout.
她是一个淘汰赛。
She had raven-colored hair, she could fill out a pair of blue jeans.
她有一头乌鸦色的头发，可以塞满一条蓝色牛仔裤。
I mean, she would turn a head.
我的意思是，她会转过头来。
And she turned George Wallace’s.
她把乔治华莱士的。
He always liked the looks of a good-looking woman.
他一向喜欢漂亮女人的容貌。
And she was younger, and I’m sure she came on strong to George Wallace.
而且她更年轻，我确信她对乔治·华莱士的态度很强烈。
And he, uh, and he was smitten with her.
而他，呃，他被她迷住了。
CORNELIA.WALLACE: There was a lot of physical attraction, very passionate kind of love between us.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：我们之间有很多身体上的吸引力，非常热情的爱。
I had known him all my life.
我一生都认识他。
And, uh, I didn’t really think he was attractive then -- when I was younger, but [laughs] uh, at the time I saw him and got reacquainted with him when I was not a married person and a single person.
而且，呃，当时我真的不认为他有魅力——当我年轻的时候，但是[笑]呃，当我还不是已婚人士和单身人士时，我看到他并重新认识了他。
He was very attractive to me then.
那时他对我来说非常有吸引力。
Uh, and I guess I was very attractive to him.
呃，我想我对他来说很有吸引力。
NARR: The courtship with Cornelia remained discreet -- while Wallace planned his next (political) move.
纳尔：与科妮莉亚的求爱仍然是谨慎的——而华莱士则计划着他的下一步（政治）行动。
Money continued to trickle into his national election headquarters in Montgomery.
资金继续流入他位于蒙哥马利的全国选举总部。
And he still had popularity.
而且他仍然有人气。
A Gallup poll of America's most admired men showed George Wallace in seventh place -- just ahead of the Pope.
盖洛普对美国最受尊敬的男性进行的一项民意调查显示，乔治·华莱士位居第七——仅领先于教皇。
But one fact was clear to Wallace and observers alike: If he didn’t retake the Alabama governor’s office, he'd lose his political base and his national aspirations would be over.
但华莱士和观察人士都清楚一个事实：如果他不重新担任阿拉巴马州州长，他就会失去政治基础，他的国家愿望也会结束。
PAUL HARVEY: Hello, Americans.
保罗·哈维： 大家好，美国人。
I am Paul Harvey.
我是保罗·哈维。
George Wallace is fighting this time for his political life, you know.
你知道，乔治·华莱士这次正在为他的政治生涯而战。
He must run for governor again or be relegated to political oblivion.
他必须再次竞选州长，否则就会在政治上被遗忘。
And yet, you know, despite his sustained popularity with the electorate running for governor is not quite as simple as it sounds.
然而，你知道，尽管他在选民中持续受欢迎，但竞选州长并不像听起来那么简单。
He must run against his own political protégé, the now popular Governor Albert Brewer.
他必须与自己的政治门生、现在受欢迎的州长阿尔伯特·布鲁尔竞争。
Inevitably, this is going to have to be a no-holds barred campaign, involving divided insiders and influenced by prominent, interested outsiders.
不可避免的是，这将是一场没有任何限制的竞选活动，涉及分裂的内部人士，并受到知名的、感兴趣的外部人士的影响。
NARR: Wallace’s opponent, Governor Albert Brewer, was stronger than ever.
纳尔：华莱士的对手阿尔伯特·布鲁尔州长比以往任何时候都更强大。
Alabama law now allowed him to run for a second consecutive term.
阿拉巴马州法律现在允许他连续第二个任期。
And he soon had a secret advantage, the financial support of the president of the United States.
而且他很快就拥有了一个秘密优势，即美国总统的财政支持。
NARR: Wallace had come close to costing Richard Nixon the election in 1968 -- and the president was not going to let it happen again.
纳尔：1968 年，华莱士差点让理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 输掉大选，而总统不会让这种情况再次发生。
Red Blount, a Nixon cabinet member from Alabama, thought Brewer could beat Wallace and drive him out of presidential politics.
来自阿拉巴马州的尼克松内阁成员雷德·布朗特认为布鲁尔可以击败华莱士并把他赶出总统政治。
All Brewer needed, Blount said, was a little help from his friends.
布朗特说，布鲁尔所需要的只是他朋友们的一点帮助。
EHRLICHMAN: There came a time when the president received Red Blount and me to discuss the Wallace situation.
埃利希曼：有一段时间，总统接待了雷德·布朗特和我，讨论华莱士的情况。
Red carried a message from Governor Brewer, uh, the effect of which was that he’d be willing to run, given the proper inducements.
雷德传达了布鲁尔州长的信息，呃，其效果是，只要有适当的诱因，他愿意参选。
Well, that was an easy call for the president.
嗯，这对总统来说是一个简单的呼吁。
He said, "By all means, give him whatever inducements he needs." NARR: Nixon ultimately provided some $400,000, in secret cash payments, nearly a third of Brewer’s campaign budget.
他说：“无论如何，给他任何他需要的诱因。”纳尔：尼克松最终秘密提供了约 40 万美元的现金，几乎占布鲁尔竞选预算的三分之一。
INGRAM: Criticized beyond belief after the fact, but to this day and to my death, I will defend it as one of the cleanest contributions you could get.
英格拉姆：事后受到了难以置信的批评，但直到今天，直到我去世，我都会捍卫它，认为它是你能得到的最干净的贡献之一。
They didn't want a job.
他们不想要工作。
They didn't want a contract.
他们不想要合同。
They didn't want, uh, uh, want anything.
他们什么都不想要，呃，呃，想要任何东西。
All they wanted was to beat Wallace.
他们只想击败华莱士。
What can you do?
你能做什么？
What's wrong with that?
这有什么问题吗？
NARR: The Nixon’s plan seemed to be working.
纳尔：尼克松的计划似乎正在发挥作用。
The incumbent Brewer, a moderate, was gaining momentum and had the support of Alabama’s black electorate.
现任温和派布鲁尔的势头正在增强，并得到了阿拉巴马州黑人选民的支持。
It seemed George Wallace’s time had passed.
乔治·华莱士的时代似乎已经过去了。
PAUL HARVEY: Alright.
保罗·哈维： 好的。
Wallace, pointing to national politicians in publications out to get me, protesting that George Wallace has nobody for him but the people.
华莱士，在出版物中指着国家政客来抓我，抗议乔治·华莱士除了人民之外没有人支持他。
is right now outgunned -- but he’s not yet out maneuvered.
现在他的火力处于劣势——但他的机动性还没有落后。
TURNIPSEED: I never will forget, we had a meeting of all the faithful, all the staff and so forth, and the governor addresses everybody, and says, "Look, we got to do what we’ve got to do." We’ve got to play, he didn’t say the race card, but it was obvious what, what he wanted.
萝卜籽：我永远不会忘记，我们召开了一次由所有信徒、所有工作人员等参加的会议，州长对每个人讲话，并说：“看，我们必须做我们必须做的事情。”我们必须比赛，他没有说比赛卡，但很明显他想要什么。
And, and he says, we gotta just go all out on this issue.
他说，我们必须在这个问题上全力以赴。
INGRAM: We didn't think they could, I-- we were in the-- living in the dream world of thinking maybe this issue had kind of-- it's 1970.
英格拉姆：我们认为他们不能，我——我们生活在——生活在梦想的世界里，思考也许这个问题有点——那是 1970 年。
They've seen the diffic-- the troubles, the tragedies for both in large degree by Wallace's, uh, stand.
他们在很大程度上已经看到了华莱士的立场所带来的困难——麻烦和悲剧。
Uh, maybe times have changed.
呃，也许时代变了。
But the campaign began and it was absolutely like nothing this state had ever seen.
但竞选活动开始了，这绝对是这个州从未见过的。
Reporter: What about what you say about your opponent?
记者：您对对手的评价如何？
GEORGE WALLACE: I say nothing about my opponent.
乔治·华莱士：我对我的对手只字未提。
Reporter: How about your supporters?
记者：那你的支持者呢？
GEORGE WALLACE: I don’t know what my supporters say.
乔治·华莱士：我不知道我的支持者怎么说。
INGRAM: They had smear sheets saying that Brewer was a homosexual.
英格拉姆：他们有污点，说布鲁尔是同性恋。
His wife was a drunk.
他的妻子是个酒鬼。
One daughter was pregnant by a black.
其中一个女儿是黑人所怀的。
It was just, uh, terrifying -- Reporter: Governor, uh, what do you know about these obviously doctored photographs showing Governor Brewer with Elijah Mohammed and, uh, Cassius Clay or Mohammed Ali?
这只是，呃，可怕—— 记者：州长，呃，你对这些明显经过篡改的照片了解多少，这些照片显示布鲁尔州长与伊利亚·穆罕默德以及，呃，卡修斯·克莱或穆罕默德·阿里？
GEORGE WALLACE: Thank you all for being so good to us.
乔治·华莱士： 谢谢大家对我们这么好。
Honey, glad to see ya.
亲爱的，很高兴见到你。
INGRAM: On election day, I'm sitting in my office, and I got a call from North Alabama from a campaign worker who says, "The Wallace people are just going up and down the line saying, ‘Remember you're white, remember you're white.’" He said, "What can I say?
英格拉姆：选举日那天，我坐在办公室里，接到北阿拉巴马州一名竞选工作人员的电话，他说：“华莱士的人正在电话里走来走去，说，‘记住你是白人，记住你是白人。’”他说，“我能说什么？
How can I rebut that?" And I said, "You can't.
我该如何反驳这一点呢？”我说：“你不能。
There ain't nothing you can say." And it made the difference.
你无话可说。”而这却带来了不同。
GEORGE WALLACE: There’s no reason to let any one group call all the shots in this state.
乔治·华莱士：在这个州，没有理由让任何一个团体发号施令。
And you know the militant black bloc vote in this state if they take over-- it’s going to control politics for the next 50 years in Alabama and I know you are not going to let that happen.
你知道，如果激进的黑人集团接管这个州，他们将在接下来的 50 年里控制阿拉巴马州的政治，我知道你不会让这种情况发生。
TURNIPSEED: And I guess that meant we were doing what we had to do, but he won the race.
TURNIPSEED：我想这意味着我们正在做我们必须做的事情，但他赢得了比赛。
He became the governor.
他成为州长。
Announcer: We present to you, the next governor of Alabama, the Governor George C.
播音员：我们向您介绍阿拉巴马州的下一任州长，乔治·C.
Wallace!!!
华莱士！！！
GEORGE WALLACE: If, if, if thing-- if things were not running as good as they are running now and I was running behind, I could probably tell you national newsmen that I wouldn’t have you to kick around anymore.
乔治·华莱士：如果，如果，如果事情进展得不像现在那么顺利，而我落后了，我可能会告诉你们全国新闻记者，我不会再让你们到处乱搞了。
NARR: The joke was at Richard Nixon’s expense, a play on his famous quote in defeat from 1962, "You won’t have Nixon to kick around anymore." The president’s attempt to sway the election had failed..
纳尔：这个笑话是以理查德·尼克松为代价的，这是对他 1962 年失败时的名言的一个玩笑，“你不会再有尼克松了。”总统影响选举的企图失败了。
But the White House had another plan.
但白宫另有计划。
The I.R.S.
美国国税局
had already launched an investigation of George Wallace and some of his close supporters.
已经对乔治·华莱士和他的一些亲密支持者展开了调查。
NARR: George Wallace returned to power on January 18th, 1971.
纳尔：乔治·华莱士于 1971 年 1 月 18 日重新掌权。
Two weeks earlier, he had married Cornelia.
两周前，他与科妮莉亚结婚了。
After the bitter campaign based on race, Wallace announced to the national press that he’d always been a moderate and no longer believed in racial segregation.
在基于种族的激烈竞选之后，华莱士向全国媒体宣布，他一直是温和派，不再相信种族隔离。
He was courting the black vote he’s so recently despised, trying to build a new image as a presidential candidate.
他正在争取他最近所鄙视的黑人选票，试图树立总统候选人的新形象。
And his new wife was judged a strong political asset.
他的新婚妻子被认为是一位强大的政治资产。
JENKINS: We got the impression that, uh, this whole thing was sort of, uh, the way that, uh, Henry the Eighth might have chosen a wife, or, uh, or, uh, Kennedy may have chosen a running mate or something like this.
詹金斯：我们的印象是，呃，整件事有点像，呃，亨利八世可能选择妻子，或者，呃，或者，呃，肯尼迪可能选择竞选伙伴或类似的东西。
It was a-- there were political calculations that went into it.
这是有政治算计的。
KENNEDY: My father brightened up a lot when he married Cornelia, and I, I-- she was so good for him.
肯尼迪：当我父亲与科妮莉亚结婚时，他的心情变得愉快起来，而我，我——她对他非常好。
She would make him do things, uh.
她会让他做事，呃。
Uh, one Christmas, she made him be Santa Claus, and I have some wonderful pictures of that.
呃，有一年圣诞节，她让他成为了圣诞老人，我有一些很棒的照片。
And she was just good at, at, at really bringing out the best in my father.
她只是擅长、擅长、真正发挥出我父亲最好的一面。
I really, really think she was.
我真的真的认为她是。
NARR: Many gave credit to Cornelia for a new, more sophisticated Wallace style.
纳尔：许多人都认为科妮莉亚创造了一种新的、更精致的华莱士风格。
TURNIPSEED: She was a very stylish person, she used to kid around and say, "We’re going to couth him up a little bit, he was a little uncouth." CORNELIA WALLACE: George had not changed a lot since the first time I remember seeing him.
TURNIPSEED：她是一个非常时尚的人，她常常开玩笑说，“我们要给他一点礼貌，他有点粗鲁。”科妮莉亚·华莱士：自从我记得第一次见到乔治以来，他并没有太大变化。
He had, had greasy slicked back hair [laughs] and he had the typical, uh, either black or dark navy blue politician’s suit for the legislature.
他有一头油腻光滑的后发（笑），他穿着典型的，呃，立法机关的黑色或深海军蓝色政治家套装。
They all dressed that way.
他们都这样打扮。
We washed his hair and used a little hair spray on his hair at times, and then I began to find better looking suits for him and suits that were stylish.
我们给他洗头发，有时在他的头发上喷一点发胶，然后我开始为他寻找更好看、更时尚的西装。
He sort of began, uh, to look like the good, uh, ice cream boy in the white suit that everybody loved.
他开始有点像那个穿着白色西装、人人都喜欢的好冰淇淋男孩。
JENKINS: They did make a very stylish and interesting couple, and, and they became, to, to some extent, a kind of uh, Southern, uh, dogpatch version of Camelot, you know, uh, of, uh, Jack and Jackie, instead George and Cornelia.
詹金斯：他们确实是一对非常时尚和有趣的情侣，而且，在某种程度上，他们成为了一种呃，南方，呃，狗斑版的卡米洛特，你知道，呃，杰克和杰基，而不是乔治和科妮莉亚。
NARR: Cornelia accompanied George on many of his trips, including preparations for the run for president in 1972.
纳尔：科妮莉亚陪同乔治多次出访，包括为 1972 年竞选总统做准备。
CORNELIA WALLACE: We went to a meeting in Memphis, Tennessee of, uh, I guess, what was supposed to be left of his third party movement.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：我们去田纳西州孟菲斯参加了一次会议，呃，我猜，这是他的第三方运动应该留下的内容。
And the -- there was a governor from, uh, Mississippi at that time who was a firebrand, got up and gave a roaring racist speech to fire up these third party, uh, people who were there.
当时有一位来自，呃，密西西比州的州长，他是一个煽动者，站起来发表了咆哮的种族主义演讲，以激怒这些第三方，呃，在场的人。
Well, it, it, wo-- there were just a very small crowd of men and they didn’t look really bright or intelligent or just like nice, ha -- happy ordinary people.
嗯，它，它，哇——只有一小群人，他们看起来并不聪明或聪明，也不像好人，哈哈——快乐的普通人。
And, uh, when we started on our trip back home, I said, "George," I said, "is that all you have to run with on a third party movement?
而且，呃，当我们开始回家的旅程时，我说，“乔治，”我说，“这就是你在第三方运动中所必须要做的一切吗？
Is that your party and all you have?" He said, "Yes." I said, "Well, honey, you better stay at home, [laughs] ‘cause you’re not going to make it with that group." And, uh, I mean, I assume the idea was to get elected president.
那是你的政党和你拥有的一切吗？”他说，“是的。”我说，“好吧，亲爱的，你最好呆在家里，[笑]因为你不会和那个团体一起成功。”而且，呃，我的意思是，我认为这个想法是为了当选总统。
NARR: There were other reasons to reconsider the third party movement.
纳尔：重新考虑第三方运动还有其他原因。
Seymore Trammell, who had controlled Wallace campaign finances for years, had begun cooperating with the I.R.S.
西莫尔·特拉梅尔（Seymore Trammell）多年来一直控制着华莱士的竞选财务，他开始与国税局合作。
Its investigation was closing in on George’s brother, Gerald.
它的调查正在接近乔治的兄弟杰拉尔德。
TURNIPSEED: Gerald was a kind guy, a nice guy, and an interesting guy.
TURNIPSEED：杰拉尔德是一个善良的人，一个好人，一个有趣的人。
And I don’t think he really had any kind of racist feelings about anything.
我认为他对任何事情都没有真正的种族主义情绪。
In fact, he used to tell me, said, "Tom, I don’t care about civil rights or this stuff George talks about one way or another." He said, "I like the practical part of politics." [laughs] GREENHAW: When George became governor, Gerald seemed to just want to-- he, he used, started using the office first day.
事实上，他曾经告诉我，“汤姆，我不关心民权或乔治谈论的这些东西。”他说：“我喜欢政治的实际部分。” [笑] 格林霍：当乔治成为州长时，杰拉德似乎只想——他，他说，第一天就开始使用办公室。
And he put the word out all over the country that to do business in Alabama, with the state of Alabama, you had to go through Gerald Wallace.
他向全国宣传说，要在阿拉巴马州和阿拉巴马州做生意，就必须通过杰拉尔德·华莱士。
NARR: In George Wallace’s first term as governor of Alabama, Gerald’s reported income had jumped 400%, much of it from state contractors.
纳尔：在乔治·华莱士 (George Wallace) 担任阿拉巴马州州长的第一个任期内，杰拉德的报告收入增长了 400%，其中大部分来自州承包商。
"Gerald was so crooked," his brother Jack once joked, "that when he dies, they’re going to have to screw him into the ground." NARR: But in the early 1970s, Gerald’s business deals seemed to have caught up with him.
“杰拉尔德太狡猾了，”他的兄弟杰克曾经开玩笑说，“当他死后，他们将不得不把他拧到地上。”纳尔：但在 20 世纪 70 年代初，杰拉德的商业交易似乎让他陷入了困境。
TURNIPSEED: Gerald had told me, I was the national campaign director at the time, he came by the office and he looked kind of sad.
TURNIPSEED：杰拉尔德告诉我，我当时是全国竞选总监，他来办公室，看起来有点悲伤。
And I said, "Sag," that’s what we called him, "Sag," ‘cause he kind of sagged when he walked, [laughs] you know, he didn’t have very good posture.
我说，“下垂”，这就是我们所说的“下垂”，因为他走路时有点下垂，[笑]你知道，他的姿势不太好。
And I said, "What’s wrong, Sag?
我说：“怎么了，射手？
Man, you look sick." And he said, "Well," said, "I’m worried -- I’m afraid they got me Tom, this IRS thing." You know, they gotten all my books and I’m really worried about it and all about paying taxes.
伙计，你看起来病了。”他说，“嗯，”说，“我很担心——我担心他们抓到了我，汤姆，国税局的事情。”你知道，他们抓到了我所有的书，我真的很担心这件事，也担心缴税。
TURNIPSEED: Gosh, I was right working in Texas.
TURNIPSEED：天哪，我当时在德克萨斯州工作。
I read in the paper where, when President Nixon came down to dedicate some kind of waterway Gerald had, had met with some of the Nixon people, you know.
我在报纸上读到，当尼克松总统下来奉献某种水道时，杰拉尔德会见了尼克松的一些人，你知道。
It was in the paper.
这是在报纸上的。
NARR: Four days after Nixon's trip to Alabama in May 1971, Washington columnists reported that a "tenuous line of communication" had been opened between Nixon and Wallace.
纳尔：1971 年 5 月尼克松访问阿拉巴马州四天后，华盛顿专栏作家报道说，尼克松和华莱士之间已经开通了一条“脆弱的通讯线路”。
Seven months later, the Justice Department dropped its investigation of the Wallaces.
七个月后，司法部撤销了对华莱士夫妇的调查。
And George Wallace announced he would run as a Democrat and not as a third party candidate.
乔治华莱士宣布他将作为民主党候选人而不是第三方候选人参选。
CARTER: George Wallace announces that he’s going to run as a Democrat, not as a third party candidate.
卡特：乔治·华莱士宣布他将作为民主党候选人而不是第三方候选人参选。
And it’s the third party candidacy that’s the threat to Nixon.
对尼克松构成威胁的是第三方候选人。
So, in a sense Nixon gets what he wants.
所以，从某种意义上说，尼克松得到了他想要的。
Is it a coincidence that a couple of days after this happens, the Justice Department announces that it’s not going to continue it’s investigation against Governor Wallace or against his brother?
这件事发生几天后，司法部宣布不会继续对华莱士州长或他的兄弟进行调查，这是否是巧合？
Well, we still don’t know the answer to that question.
好吧，我们仍然不知道这个问题的答案。
But it certainly raised, for a number of people at the time, disturbing questions about whether a deal had been made.
但对于当时的许多人来说，这确实引发了关于是否达成协议的令人不安的问题。
NARR: Only one person went to jail as a result of the I.R.S.
NARR：只有一人因国税局的调查而入狱。
investigation.
调查。
By cooperating, Seymore Trammell had implicated himself.
西莫尔·特拉梅尔因合作而将自己卷入其中。
He was convicted of income tax evasion and sentenced to four years in federal prison.
他被判逃税罪并被判处在联邦监狱服刑四年。
NARR: In March of 1972, a young man living in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, took the first step of a fateful journey.
纳尔：1972 年 3 月，一位住在威斯康星州密尔沃基的年轻人迈出了命运之旅的第一步。
"Now I start my diary," Arthur Bremer wrote, "of my personal plot to kill by pistol either Richard Nixon or George Wallace." CARTER: From uh, his earliest, pretty sad childhood, Arthur Bremer was this pathetic loner, isolated uh, he had no friends.
“现在我开始写日记，”阿瑟·布雷默写道，“我个人计划用手枪杀死理查德·尼克松或乔治·华莱士。”卡特：从呃，他最早的、相当悲伤的童年开始，亚瑟·布雷默就是一个可悲的孤独者，孤立的呃，他没有朋友。
He grew up, went to Milwaukee primary, secondary school.
他长大了，就读于密尔沃基的小学、中学。
Uh, was always considered to be -- as people said -- weird, a weird individual who clearly was probably mentally ill.
呃，正如人们所说，总是被认为是奇怪的，一个显然可能患有精神疾病的奇怪的人。
NARR: "No one ever noticed me nor took interest in me as an individual with the need to receive or give love.
纳尔：“没有人注意到我，也没有人对我作为一个需要接受或给予爱的个体感兴趣。
In junior high school, I was an object of pure ridicule for my dress, withdrawal, and asocial manner." Dozens of times, I saw individuals laugh and smile more in ten to fifteen minutes than I did in all my life up to then." CARTER: In his life, I think a turning point was when he had his first crush on a girlfriend.
初中时，我因着装、孤僻和不合群的举止而成为纯粹嘲笑的对象。“有几十次，我看到人们在十到十五分钟内大笑，笑得比我迄今为止的一生还要多。”卡特：我认为在他的人生中，一个转折点是他第一次迷恋女朋友的时候。
And, uh, at first she was interested, and then, when she turned him aside, then he became obsessed with this, with somehow getting her to notice him.
而且，呃，一开始她很感兴趣，然后，当她把他推到一边时，他就对此着迷了，想以某种方式让她注意到他。
And he did all kinds of strange things.
而且他还做了各种奇怪的事情。
Arthur Bremer’s neighbor: In January, he was, when he had long hair, and then he went to extremes and he shaved it off, and he was, he shaved it completely bald.
阿瑟·布雷默（Arthur Bremer）的邻居：一月份，他是，当时他留着长发，然后他走极端，把头发剃掉了，他把头发彻底剃光了。
Reporter: You mean he shaved his hair which was long at one time, until he was completely bald?
记者：你是说他把自己很长的头发一次剃掉，直到彻底秃顶？
CARTER: He wanted her to notice him, and to a, he became obsessed with making a name for himself.
卡特：他想让她注意到他，结果他开始沉迷于为自己出名。
NARR: "Life has only been an enemy to me.
纳尔：“生活对我来说只是一个敌人。
I will destroy my enemy when I destroy myself.
当我毁灭自己时，我也会毁灭我的敌人。
But I want to take part of this country that made me with me." CARTER: Well, how are you going to make a name for yourself?
但我想加入这个让我和我在一起的国家。”卡特：那么，你打算如何让自己出名呢？
I mean, this is part-time busboy, a janitor.
我的意思是，这是兼职服务员，看门人。
Uh, he decided to kill somebody.
呃，他决定杀人。
NARR: "What’s a good title for this manuscript?
纳尔：“这篇手稿的标题是什么？
‘A month in the life of nobody in particular.’" George Wallace’s 1972 run for the presidency began with the Democratic primary in Florida.
“这一个月没有什么特别的经历。”乔治·华莱士 1972 年的总统竞选始于佛罗里达州的民主党初选。
He quickly locked onto an issue that was dividing the nation -- the recent Supreme Court decisions affirming the use of busing to desegregate schools.
他很快锁定了一个导致国家分裂的问题——最高法院最近的判决确认使用校车来废除学校种族隔离。
GEORGE WALLACE: This matter that they’ve come up with of busing little children to achieve racial balance is the most asinine, atrocious, callous thing I’ve ever heard of in the United States.
乔治·华莱士：他们提出用校车接送小孩子来实现种族平衡，这是我在美国听过的最愚蠢、最残暴、最冷酷的事情。
GEORGE WALLACE: I believe that if I win the Florida primary, that Mr. Nixon himself will step in and stop the busing of school children throughout the United States.
乔治·华莱士：我相信，如果我赢得佛罗里达州初选，尼克松先生本人将介入并制止全美范围内校车校车的行为。
And I’ll bet you that when he was in Red China, he and Mao Tse Tung talked more about busing than anything else.
我敢打赌，当他在红色中国时，他和毛泽东谈论的最多的就是乘坐公交车。
If you want to know-- NARR: George Wallace carried every county in the state of Florida.
如果你想知道——纳尔：乔治·华莱士（George Wallace）赢得了佛罗里达州的每个县。
GEORGE WALLACE: The average citizen has spoken in the state of Florida.
乔治·华莱士：佛罗里达州的普通公民都曾说过话。
They are going to speak throughout the United States.
他们将在美国各地发表演讲。
I’m a serious candidate for the presidency on the Democratic ticket in the primaries.
我是民主党初选总统候选人的认真候选人。
And it looks like we’re going to Miami with the greatest number of delegates.
看来我们将带着最多数量的代表前往迈阿密。
Thank you very much ladies and gentlemen.
非常感谢各位女士们、先生们。
[cheers] CORNELIA WALLACE: The Florida primary sent him out of there with a, just like on a rocket for the 1972 presidential elections.
[欢呼]科妮莉亚·华莱士：佛罗里达州的初选让他离开了那里，就像 1972 年总统选举中的火箭一样。
NARR: Less than forty-eight hours after Wallace’s victory, President Nixon addressed the nation.
纳尔：华莱士获胜后不到四十八小时，尼克松总统向全国发表讲话。
Nixon: I am sending a special message to the Congress tomorrow.
尼克松：明天我将向国会发出一条特别信息。
I shall propose special legislation that will cause an immediate halt to all new busing orders by a federal court.
我将提出特别立法，使联邦法院立即停止所有新的公交命令。
A moratorium on new busing.
暂停新巴士运营。
NARR: On March 23rd, George Wallace held a rally in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
纳尔：3月23日，乔治华莱士在威斯康星州密尔沃基举行集会。
Arthur Bremer was there.
阿瑟·布雷默也在场。
"I figured Wallace would be dead or dying now if I wanted it so.
“我想如果我愿意的话，华莱士现在就已经死了或者快要死了。
After he gave the liberals hell, he stood in the open and waved and smiled." "The audience stood, some turned to leave, some to move in for a closer view.
在他让自由主义者下地狱之后，他站在空旷的地方挥手微笑。” “观众站着，有的转身离开，有的走近观看。
I moved in and for the first time, saw his face.
我搬进去，第一次看到他的脸。
He looked heavily wrinkled and ugly.
他看起来满脸皱纹，而且很丑陋。
That would have been it." JENKINS: I had sort of expected this sort of thing to happen sooner or later.
就这样了。”詹金斯：我本来就预料到这种事情迟早会发生。
Because when you heat up the, the political, uh, environment to the extent that Wallace does, you’re going to, uh, bring a lot of kooks out of the woodwork.
因为当你把政治，呃，环境加热到华莱士那样的程度时，你就会，呃，带来很多怪人。
WALLACE, JR: He always had told me that he realized he might be shot running for president.
小华莱士：他总是告诉我，他意识到自己可能会竞选总统。
That was very real to him.
这对他来说非常真实。
And he said, "I, I realized that might happen." But he always believed it would be a head injury and that he would die.
他说：“我，我意识到这可能会发生。”但他始终相信这会是头部受伤，他会死。
NARR: "May 13, 1972.
纳尔：“1972 年 5 月 13 日。
Arrived at Dearborn Youth Center at 15 after six.
六点过十五分到达迪尔伯恩青年中心。
The hall was packed." CHESTNUT: You just can’t go around s-- preaching hatred, however you cloak it, however you dress it up, and somehow or another, it will not come back to bite you.
大厅里挤满了人。”栗子：你就是不能到处宣扬仇恨，无论你如何掩盖它，无论你如何打扮它，不管怎样，它都不会回来咬你。
NARR: "Two 15-year old girls had gotten in front of me.
纳尔：“两个 15 岁的女孩挡在了我面前。
Their faces were one inch from the glass that would shatter with a blunt nosed bullet.
他们的脸距玻璃一英寸，玻璃会被钝头子弹打碎。
They were sure to be blinded and disfigured.
他们肯定会失明并毁容。
I let Wallace go only to spare those two stupid, innocent delighted kids.
我放走华莱士只是为了饶过那两个愚蠢、天真、高兴的孩子。
We pounded on the window together at the governor.
我们一起敲着州长的窗户。
There’d be other times." GEORGE WALLACE: Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen.
还会有其他时候的。”乔治·华莱士： 非常感谢你们，女士们、先生们。
NARR: The momentum from Wallace’s Florida win had continued to grow.
纳尔：华莱士在佛罗里达获胜的势头继续增强。
He took a strong second in Wisconsin after only eight days of campaigning.
仅经过八天的竞选活动，他就在威斯康星州强势获得第二名。
GEORGE WALLACE: We’ve come a long way from 8 years ago when, uh, the Democratic candidate called me something evil because I advocated that which he advocates now.
乔治·华莱士：与 8 年前相比，我们已经取得了长足的进步，当时，呃，民主党候选人称我为邪恶，因为我提倡他现在提倡的东西。
And I think by the time we get to November, some of the leadership is going to be saying, you know, I just didn’t understand Wallace.
我认为到了 11 月，一些领导层会说，你知道，我只是不理解华莱士。
He’s really a better fellow than I thought.
他确实是一个比我想象的更好的人。
I really didn’t know him so well.
我真的不太了解他。
NARR: Next was another strong second in Pennsylvania.
NARR：接下来是宾夕法尼亚州的另一个强劲的第二名。
Higher poll numbers.
民调数字更高。
And overflowing crowds.
还有人满为患。
Soon, the press predicted Wallace victories in some of the upcoming elections.
很快，媒体预测华莱士将在即将举行的一些选举中获胜。
On the morning of May 15th, Wallace departed for his last day of campaigning -- in the Maryland primary.
5 月 15 日早上，华莱士出发前往竞选的最后一天——马里兰州初选。
CORNELIA WALLACE: When we left the governor’s mansion that day, my husband had already started talking about-- he was nervous, he was just extremely nervous.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：那天我们离开州长官邸时，我丈夫已经开始谈论——他很紧张，他非常紧张。
He just kept saying, "I don’t think I’m going to go.
他只是一直说：“我想我不会去。
"I just don’t think I’m going to make this trip." He said, "One more day of campaigning is not going to make any difference.
“我只是认为我不会进行这次旅行。”他说：“再多一天的竞选活动不会有任何改变。
If I haven’t won it now, I’ll, I can’t win it with one day of campaigning." NARR: Wallace set aside his concerns and headed north for two final rallies.
如果我现在还没有赢得它，我会的，我不可能在一天的竞选中赢得它。”纳尔：华莱士抛开了他的担忧，前往北方进行最后两次集会。
At the first rally, a news cameraman focused on a familiar figure -- dressed in red-white-and-blue.
在第一次集会上，一名新闻摄影师将注意力集中在一个熟悉的人物身上——穿着红白蓝相间的衣服。
Arthur Bremer, standing close to the stage, asked one of the men guarding Wallace -- "Could you get George to come down and shake hands with me?’ But Wallace never mixed with the mostly hostile crowd.
阿瑟·布雷默（Arthur Bremer）站在靠近舞台的地方，问一名看守华莱士的男子：“你能让乔治下来和我握手吗？”但华莱士从不与大多数充满敌意的人群混在一起。
Instead, he and his entourage pushed on to Laurel, Maryland.
相反，他和他的随行人员继续前往马里兰州劳雷尔。
I came into the rally late at Laurel, Maryland.
我很晚才参加在马里兰州劳雷尔举行的集会。
George was already speaking and it was a very calm crowd, very nice, congenial crowd.
乔治已经在讲话了，人群非常平静，非常友善，友善。
Everything just seemed really nice.
一切看起来都很美好。
So, he came down and he started shaking hands.
于是，他下来并开始握手。
NARR: The Secret Service agent in charge asked Wallace not to go into the crowd.
纳尔：负责的特勤局特工要求华莱士不要进入人群。
"That’s all right," Wallace said.
“没关系，”华莱士说。
"I’ll take the responsibility." CORNELIA WALLACE: And then all of a sudden, I heard, da, da, da-da-da.
“我会承担责任。”科妮莉亚·华莱士：然后突然，我听到，哒，哒，哒-哒-哒。
And then time just stood still.
然后时间就静止了。
I thought they’d shoot him again.
我以为他们会再次向他开枪。
And so I jumped on top of him, trying to cover up his head and his heart and his vital organs, his lungs.
于是我跳到他身上，试图遮住他的头、他的心脏、他的重要器官、他的肺。
And, uh, there just wasn’t anybody around him.
而且，呃，他周围没有人。
Well, the Alabama bodyguard had been shot and blown out and knocked down.
好吧，阿拉巴马州的保镖被枪杀，被炸飞，然后被击倒。
The Secret Service agent that was -- these two were supposed to protect his body -- got shot in the jaw and was vomiting and vomiting blood.
特勤局特工——这两个人本应保护他的身体——下巴中弹，吐血了。
So I just kept saying, uh, he, he was dazed and he didn’t speak, and I kept saying, "George, I’m going to take you home.
所以我就一直说，呃，他，他很茫然，没有说话，我一直说，“乔治，我要带你回家。
I’m going to take you home.
我要带你回家。
And we’re going home now." And, uh, finally, all of a sudden somebody was pulling me away from him.
我们现在要回家了。”然后，呃，最后，突然有人把我从他身边拉开。
I kept begging him, I said, "Let-- don’t take me away from my husband now.
我一直求他，我说：“现在别把我从我丈夫身边带走。
Please don’t take me away from my husband now." I was able to get in the ambulance and they put George in, and the Alabama state trooper Dothard in on another stretcher.
现在请不要把我从我丈夫身边带走。”我上了救护车，他们把乔治放进去，阿拉巴马州警察多萨德放在另一张担架上。
Emcee: Please move back, ladies and gentlemen!
主持人：女士们、先生们，请退后！
Let the ambulance get out of here!
让救护车离开这里！
Please move back!
请退后！
Get out of the way!!!
走开！！！
Get out of the way!!!
走开！！！
GET OUT OF THE WAY!!!
走开！！！
CHESTNUT: I think I was in a courtroom and somebody came in and said that Wallace had been shot.
切斯特纳特：我想我当时在法庭上，有人进来说华莱士被枪杀了。
They were all around Selma that day, folk, who disliked George Wallace intensely, were praying that he’d recover.
那天，人们都在塞尔玛周围，那些非常不喜欢乔治·华莱士的人们祈祷他能康复。
They didn’t want him dead, uh, and that they-- there was no rejoicing among black Alabamians that George Wallace had been shot.
他们不想让他死，呃，而且他们——阿拉巴马黑人中没有人为乔治·华莱士被枪杀而感到高兴。
But there was a lot of, "The chickens have come home to roost." You heard that everywhere.
但也有很多人说，“鸡已经回家了。”你到处都听到过这句话。
CARTER: Wallace, by the mid-1960s was certainly aware that he was a figure in danger.
卡特：华莱士在 20 世纪 60 年代中期肯定意识到自己是一个处于危险之中的人物。
That is we’d had the assassination of Kenn-, the two Kennedy brothers and Martin Luther King, and he often talked about the danger that he had.
那就是我们经历了肯尼迪两个兄弟和马丁·路德·金的暗杀，他经常谈论他所面临的危险。
But I think he always anticipated the kind of uh, political ideologue, somebody who opposed him, uh, uh, finding him at some moment and shooting him.
但我认为他总是预料到那种呃，政治理论家，反对他的人，呃，呃，在某个时刻找到他并开枪射杀他。
George Wallace, the most intensely, ideological, political candidate of the 1960s, uh, ends up being shot by somebody who just wants to get his picture on the front page of "The New York Times." KENNEDY: When my friend told me that he had been shot, and I don't know how to put this without it sounding, uh, really cruel, I was relieved in a way because it was over, and I didn't have to wake up another morning and think about, if this was going to be the day.
乔治·华莱士，20 世纪 60 年代意识形态和政治最激烈的候选人，呃，最终被一个只想把他的照片放在《纽约时报》头版的人枪杀了。肯尼迪：当我的朋友告诉我他被枪杀时，我不知道如何表达才不会听起来，呃，真的很残酷，我在某种程度上松了一口气，因为一切都结束了，我不必再早上醒来去想，这是否会是这一天。
And of course, you know, the fact that he lived was just, uh, wonderful.
当然，你知道，他活着的事实就是，呃，太棒了。
I mean, I would have given my life.
我的意思是，我愿意献出我的生命。
I mean, I was just, it was wonderful that he lived.
我的意思是，我只是，他活着真是太好了。
But the relief that, that it was over.
但令人欣慰的是，一切都结束了。
That what you had feared was going to happen had happened, uh, just sort of rushed through me, and, uh, then I moved on and dealt with something else, see?
你所担心的事情已经发生了，呃，只是冲过我，然后，呃，然后我继续处理其他事情，明白吗？
CORNELIA WALLACE: George was taken into the emergency room, the doctors took a big safety pin and started pricking his leg and his skin didn’t flinch.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：乔治被送进急诊室，医生拿了一根大安全别针，开始刺他的腿，但他的皮肤没有退缩。
They said, "Governor, move your legs." And, uh, they said it three or four times, and he didn’t.
他们说：“州长，迈开你的腿。”而且，呃，他们说了三四次，但他没有。
I said, "He’s hard of hearing, I said, he doesn’t hear well." I said, "George, move your legs." And he didn’t and then I looked up and they looked at me.
我说：“他听力不好，我说他听得不太清楚。”我说：“乔治，移动你的腿。”但他没有，然后我抬起头，他们看着我。
And I knew he was paralyzed, they didn’t say anything.
我知道他瘫痪了，他们什么也没说。
KENNEDY: The doctor sat me down, as he did the other children, one on one, and told us that he was paralyzed.
肯尼迪：医生让我坐下，就像他对待其他孩子一样，一对一地告诉我们他瘫痪了。
Well, um, that was like losing the '58 campaign, you-- he, he's not supposed to lose and he's not supposed to be this way.
嗯，嗯，这就像输掉 58 年的竞选一样，你——他，他不应该输，他不应该这样。
And how iron-- how ironic for as, as quick a man, uh, in step and in gesture and in everything else to be paralyzed for the rest of his natural life.
多么铁，多么讽刺，对于一个同样敏捷的人来说，呃，在脚步、手势以及其他一切方面，他的余生都瘫痪了。
CORNELIA WALLACE: From that moment, I made another decision, that he would never see me cry.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：从那一刻起，我做出了另一个决定，他永远不会看到我哭泣。
That I’d have to keep him cheered up and cheerful, that I couldn’t afford the luxury of, of mourning and weeping and letting my hurt and pain come out.
我必须让他保持高兴和快乐，但我无法承受哀悼和哭泣以及让我的伤害和痛苦发泄出来的奢侈。
And I think it was twenty years later, before I could ever really feel the pain and hurt of what had happened to my husband.
我想二十年后，我才真正感受到发生在我丈夫身上的痛苦和伤害。
Whenever I just talked about this with people.
每当我和人们谈论这个的时候。
I just uh, I couldn’t talk about it anymore.
我只是呃，我不能再谈论它了。
And it’s still hard.
这仍然很难。
It’s really hard.
这真的很难。
NIXON: I know that all of us, uh, certainly wish that Governor Wallace in this very difficult time, uh, will have not only the very best medical care, uh, but that, uh, he can recover from the wounds that he has received.
尼克松：我知道，我们所有人，呃，当然希望华莱士州长在这个非常困难的时刻，呃，不仅能得到最好的医疗护理，呃，而且，呃，他能够从他所受的伤口中康复。
CARTER: Within minutes after, uh, George Wallace was shot in Laurel, Maryland, the Secret Service had informed the White House.
卡特：呃，乔治·华莱士在马里兰州劳雷尔被枪杀几分钟后，特勤局就通知了白宫。
CARTER: And, uh, Richard Nixon with several of his aides immediately begins running through, well, what are the political implications of this?
卡特：嗯，理查德·尼克松和他的几位助手立即开始思考，这有什么政治影响？
How they can turn it to their advantage?
他们如何才能将其转化为自己的优势？
And they come up with this, uh, extraordinary scheme.
他们想出了这个，呃，非凡的计划。
George McGovern is likely to be Nixon’s opponent in the upcoming presidential race.
乔治·麦戈文很可能成为尼克松在即将到来的总统竞选中的对手。
They’re going to plant McGovern material in Arthur Bremer’s apartment so that when the investigation goes forward, it will look somehow as though Arthur Bremer is a tool of George McGovern.
他们将在阿瑟·布雷默的公寓里植入麦戈文的材料，这样当调查继续进行时，在某种程度上，阿瑟·布雷默就会看起来像是乔治·麦戈文的工具。
The plan backfires, it fails because the, the F.B.I.
该计划适得其反，它失败了，因为联邦调查局 (FBI)
gets there and they close off, uh, the apartment.
到达那里，他们封锁了，呃，公寓。
The very idea that the President and his advisors are planning to do this, I think, in part, reflects not only the political machinations of the White House, but it also reflects the fear that Wallace instilled in the Nixon White House.
我认为，总统及其顾问计划这样做的想法在一定程度上不仅反映了白宫的政治阴谋，而且还反映了华莱士向尼克松白宫灌输的恐惧。
NARR: On July 7th, just seven weeks after the attempt on his life, George Wallace left Maryland’s Holy Cross Hospital.
纳尔：7 月 7 日，也就是谋杀案发生仅七周后，乔治·华莱士离开了马里兰州圣十字医院。
Reporter off camera: How do you feel governor?
镜外记者：州长感觉如何？
GEORGE WALLACE: I feel good, feel great.
乔治·华莱士：我感觉很好，感觉很棒。
NARR: With his campaign all but over he was headed to Miami, Florida, to address the delegates at the Democratic National Convention.
纳尔：随着他的竞选活动即将结束，他前往佛罗里达州迈阿密，在民主党全国代表大会上向代表们发表讲话。
Party officials had extended the invitation hoping to woo Wallace supporters.
党内官员发出邀请是希望吸引华莱士的支持者。
Wallace, in turn, hoped to find a place on the Democratic ticket.
华莱士则希望在民主党选票上找到一席之地。
GREENHAW: George went down and he looked pitiful.
格林霍：乔治倒下了，他看起来很可怜。
He looked like warmed over death.
他看起来像是因死亡而感到温暖。
I mean, he looked horrible up there, suspended above this convention.
我的意思是，他悬浮在大会上方，看起来很糟糕。
I thought, my God, hey, if something slips and falls, he, he’ll be dead, you know.
我想，天啊，嘿，如果有什么东西滑倒了，他，他就会死了，你知道的。
And what the hell is going on here?
这到底是怎么回事？
And he makes this kind of, uh, very awkward speech.
他发表了这种，呃，非常尴尬的演讲。
I felt like, you know, he’s trying to explain himself to the Democratic party.
我觉得，你知道，他正试图向民主党解释自己。
GEORGE WALLACE: I wanted it again to become the party of the average citizen in this country as it used to be.
乔治·华莱士：我希望它再次成为这个国家普通公民的政党，就像以前那样。
GREENHAW: And it didn’t work.
格林霍：但没有成功。
EHRLICHMAN: Well, I think with most of us, he disappears.
埃利希曼：嗯，我想对于我们大多数人来说，他都消失了。
He ceases to have significance in the political race.
他在政治竞选中不再具有重要意义。
He was not a factor in the election, and, um, we didn’t respond to him.
他不是选举的一个因素，而且，嗯，我们没有回应他。
He, he was just a non-entity.
他，他只是一个虚无的存在。
CORNELIA WALLACE: He was very depressed at times I expended a lot of energy and effort in pumping him back up.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：他有时非常沮丧，我花了很多精力和努力才让他振作起来。
And I said, look, you-- your life.
我说，看，你——你的生活。
Trying to help him to understand, to be grateful that he was alive.
试图帮助他理解并感激他还活着。
And it’s very easy for me to say, very hard for someone who’s going to be paralyzed.
对我来说这很容易说，但对一个即将瘫痪的人来说却很难。
One time he just absolutely quit on us, wouldn’t get up, wouldn’t get out of bed.
有一次他完全放弃了我们，不肯起床，不肯下床。
So I called my cousin who was an administrator of a V.A.
所以我打电话给我的表弟，他是退伍军人管理局的管理员。
hospital.
医院。
And he said, "I’ll send you two nurses down there." And the first day they came in their uniforms and their caps and they were big women.
他说：“我会派两名护士去那里。”第一天，她们穿着制服，戴着帽子，都是大女人。
And they, uh, came in the room, and said, "Good morning, Governor." He put, put the sheet up over his head, he just wasn’t going with them.
他们，呃，走进房间说：“早上好，州长。”他把床单盖在头上，他只是不跟他们走。
[laughs] And uh, they said, "Well, it’s time to get up, Governor.
[笑]呃，他们说，“好吧，是时候起床了，州长。
Now what are you-- what are we going to do today, you’re going to get up or just stay in bed?" He said, "I’m going to stay in bed." And he pulled -- the sheet down and peeped out and he said, "I want to tell you two sergeants something." He said, "I’m the commander of the Alabama National Guard, the chief in commander," and said, "ain’t no two sergeants going to tell me what to do." With that, they jerked the sheet back, they grabbed him up, they put him in the wheelchair and for two weeks, they pushed him through life.
现在你——我们今天要做什么，你要起床还是留在床上？”他说：“我要躺在床上。”他拉下床单，探出头来，说道：“我想告诉你们两位中士一些事情。”他说，“我是阿拉巴马州国民警卫队的指挥官，总司令，”并说，“没有两个中士会告诉我该怎么做。”说完，他们猛地拉开床单，把他抓起来，把他放在轮椅上，在两周的时间里，他们推着他度过了人生。
KENNEDY: My father had hoped for recovery.
肯尼迪：我父亲曾希望康复。
Uh, I think he had hopes that he would walk again, as we all did.
呃，我想他希望自己能再次行走，就像我们所有人一样。
But as the months and the years went by, uh, you know that, uh, I don't know if you call it a dream, I don't know what he called it, but it diminished.
但随着岁月的流逝，呃，你知道，呃，我不知道你是否称其为梦，我不知道他称之为什么，但它消失了。
And, uh, you know, his injuries were such that it just was not going to be.
而且，呃，你知道，他的伤势如此严重，这是不可能的。
GEORGE WALLACE: I’ve had some mental stress and some anguish.
乔治华莱士：我有一些精神压力和痛苦。
And sometimes wonder, why did it happen to you?
有时会想，为什么这种事会发生在你身上？
But I accepted the fact that I was not going to walk, save a miracle.
但我接受了这样一个事实：我不会走路，除非出现奇迹。
And I’ve adjusted my life, I’ve accepted it.
我已经调整了我的生活，我已经接受了。
And, uh, so, I really don’t worry about it.
而且，呃，所以，我真的不担心。
CORNELIA WALLACE: The thing I never told him or said publicly was that what I really loved about him was that strutty, feisty walk he had.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：我从未告诉过他或公开说过，我真正喜欢他的是他昂首阔步、充满活力的步伐。
I really loved that and it hurt me that I wouldn’t be able to see him like that again.
我真的很喜欢这样，但我再也无法以那样的方式见到他，这让我很伤心。
NARR: Wallace would remain governor of Alabama, winning re-election in 1974.
纳尔：华莱士将继续担任阿拉巴马州州长，并于 1974 年赢得连任。
But his national ambitions had not disappeared.
但他的国家野心并没有消失。
With the fall of the Nixon presidency in scandal and the public’s disenchantment with Washington insiders, the stage seemed set for the governor to take another run.
随着尼克松总统因丑闻而垮台，以及公众对华盛顿内部人士的失望，这位州长再次竞选的舞台似乎已准备就绪。
JENKINS: You have to keep in mind that, uh, by that time, he had-- was in a wheelchair and had been paralyzed for four years, and, and the very fact that he was running from a wheelchair, uh, shows the tenacity and determination of the man.
詹金斯：你必须记住，呃，那时，他已经坐在轮椅上，瘫痪了四年，而且，他从轮椅上奔跑的事实，呃，显示了这个人的坚韧和决心。
NARR: As the first presidential candidate openly running from a wheelchair, Wallace was making history.
纳尔：作为第一位公开坐在轮椅上竞选的总统候选人，华莱士正在创造历史。
Even as president, Franklin Roosevelt had disguised his own paralysis with carefully choreographed entrances.
即使作为总统，富兰克林·罗斯福也通过精心设计的入口来掩饰自己的瘫痪。
Thanks to a cooperative press and a vigilant secret service, there are images of FDR in a wheelchair.
感谢合作的媒体和警惕的特勤局，罗斯福坐在轮椅上的照片得以出现。
But times had changed.
但时代已经变了。
The press had a relentless fascination with images of Wallace seemingly helpless and dogged his candidacy with questions about his health.
媒体对华莱士看似无助的形象一直着迷，并不断质疑他的健康状况。
Interviewer [off camera]: Is George Wallace well enough to run for the presidency?
采访者[镜头外]：乔治·华莱士的身体状况是否足以竞选总统？
CORNELIA WALLACE: He’s well, perfectly healthy and well.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：他很好，非常健康。
GEORGE WALLACE: I can understand that people can question about my health.
乔治·华莱士：我可以理解人们可能会质疑我的健康状况。
But Franklin Roosevelt was elected four times in a wheelchair and as Al Smith said one time, "You’re not electing an acrobat." If you needed an acrobat to be president, I would not be qualified but you don’t need an acrobat to be president.
但富兰克林·罗斯福四次都是坐在轮椅上当选的，正如阿尔·史密斯有一次所说的那样，“你不是在选举一个杂技演员。”如果你需要一个杂技演员来当总统，我就没有资格，但你不需要一个杂技演员来当总统。
Interviewer: He has been quoted as saying that he is in constant pain.
采访者：据报道他说他一直处于痛苦之中。
Is he under medication anymore?
他现在还在服药吗？
CORNELIA WALLACE: He takes, uh, Tegritol.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：他服用，呃，Tegriitol。
It works on the central nervous system.
它作用于中枢神经系统。
But if it were any kind of, uh,thing I thought interfered with his line of work, uh— Interviewer [off camera]: You wouldn’t let him take it.
但如果有任何一种，呃，我认为干扰了他的工作的事情，呃—— 采访者[镜头外]：你不会让他接受它。
CORNELIA WALLACE: I wouldn’t let him take it.
科妮莉亚·华莱士：我不会让他接受的。
He’d just have to suffer.
他只得受苦。
[laughs] GREENHAW: It was Cornelia’s efforts and thinking about, uh, FDR and pushing the FDR model on Wallace and his rehabilitation in 1976.
[笑] 格林霍：这是科妮莉亚的努力和思考，嗯，罗斯福，并在 1976 年将罗斯福模式推广到华莱士及其康复身上。
Tried to get him up and ready to go and to get ready to campaign hard and strong and have him physically able where he could lift himself up.
试图让他站起来，做好上场的准备，并准备好努力、坚强地竞选，让他的身体能够在他可以抬起自己的地方。
BUCHANAN: But for someone like Wallace whose, whose appeal really is, he’s got a tremendous amount of animal energy and dynamism.
布坎南：但是对于像华莱士这样的人来说，他的真正吸引力在于，他拥有巨大的动物能量和活力。
If you can’t stand up there on that podium, uh, it is a tremendous disadvantage.
如果你不能站在那个讲台上，呃，这是一个巨大的劣势。
JENKINS: The Florida primary was the acid test for Wallace.
詹金斯：佛罗里达州的初选对华莱士来说是严峻的考验。
It was early, I think it was a spring primary.
时间还早，我想那是春季初选。
Most of the national Democrats had decided to forego Florida because, uh, they knew that Wallace was very likely to take the state.
大多数全国民主党人决定放弃佛罗里达州，因为，呃，他们知道华莱士很可能占领该州。
NARR: Aside from Wallace, only two Democrats entered the Florida race.
纳尔：除了华莱士之外，只有两名民主党人参加了佛罗里达州的竞选。
One was also a governor, from a Southern state — Jimmy Carter.
其中一位也是来自南方州的州长——吉米·卡特。
Jimmy Carter: The major person being tested in Florida is not myself, it’s Governor Wallace.
吉米·卡特：佛罗里达州接受检测的主要人物不是我自己，而是华莱士州长。
He’s got to do at least as well or better in ‘76 in Florida, his best state, than he did in ‘72.
他在 76 年在他最好的州佛罗里达州的表现至少要和 72 年一样好，甚至更好。
NARR: Even as Wallace sought to bring the issues that had driven his career to the fore...
纳尔：尽管华莱士试图将推动他职业生涯的问题带到前台......
GEORGE WALLACE: We haven’t been against people.
乔治·华莱士：我们并没有反对人。
We’ve been against big government trying to take over and write a guideline for you and tell you how to cross the street, what to do with your union and your business when you know how to do it yourself.
我们一直反对大政府试图接管并为你写一份指南，告诉你如何过马路，当你知道如何自己做时如何处理你的工会和你的生意。
NARR: His campaign soon faltered over an aide’s stumble.
纳尔：他的竞选活动很快就因助手的失误而陷入困境。
GEORGE WALLACE: Getting on the airplane, while they’re getting the airplane, uh, the people lifting me into the airplane dropped me.
乔治·华莱士：上飞机，当他们准备起飞时，呃，那些把我抬上飞机的人把我扔下了。
[laughs] And I thought that, uh, I might have a problem here because that knee bent too much.
[笑]我想，呃，我这里可能有问题，因为膝盖弯曲太多。
So I wanted to tell the news media about it , because they make a big thing, to-do about it.
所以我想告诉新闻媒体这件事，因为他们做了一件大事，要做的事情。
Reporter [off camera]: Do you personally consider this to be a setback at all?
记者[镜头外]：您个人认为这完全是一个挫折吗？
GEORGE WALLACE: Well, it’s, uh, it’s a disappointment, uh, you know.
乔治华莱士：嗯，呃，这是令人失望的，呃，你知道。
I think it would be a disappointment to anyone that sprained a ligament in their knee.
我认为对于任何扭伤膝盖韧带的人来说这都会令人失望。
And, uh, but we’re going to keep going, of course.
而且，呃，但是我们当然会继续前进。
Folks, thank you.
各位，谢谢你们。
NARR: Unable to escape concerns about his health, Wallace lost to Carter in Florida and then again in North Carolina.
纳尔：华莱士无法逃避对健康的担忧，他在佛罗里达州输给了卡特，然后又在北卡罗来纳州输给了卡特。
JENKINS: And this had the, the double effect of first eliminating Wallace from the, uh, 1976 race, and, second, uh, giving, uh, Jimmy Carter a tremendous surge as the person who stopped George Wallace.
詹金斯：这产生了双重效果，首先将华莱士从 1976 年的比赛中淘汰，其次，呃，吉米·卡特作为阻止乔治·华莱士的人，获得了巨大的提升。
BUCHANAN: But the reason Wallace, uh, could not do as well and did not beat Carter, quite frankly, was simply because he was handicapped.
布坎南：但是坦率地说，华莱士，呃，不能做得那么好，也没有击败卡特，只是因为他有残疾。
If he had not been handicapped, uh, Jimmy Carter would not have been president.
如果他没有残疾的话,呃,吉米卡特就不会当总统。
JENKINS: And in the end, uh, George Wallace endorsed Jimmy Carter.
詹金斯：最后，呃，乔治·华莱士支持了吉米·卡特。
He did it to some extent out of spite.
他这样做在某种程度上是出于怨恨。
He, uh, he thought that this would be a way of getting back at the quote "Northern liberal Democratic establishment," by, uh, supporting a Southern governor.
他，呃，他认为这将是通过支持南方州长来报复“北方自由民主建制派”的说法。
In effect, if I can’t have it, then we’re going to have another Southern governor do it.
实际上，如果我做不到，那么我们将让另一位南方州长来做。
NARR: Carter became the first Southern governor to win the presidency since before the Civil War.
纳尔：卡特成为自内战之前第一位赢得总统职位的南方州长。
He had taken the Wallace mantle as an outsider, but not the message.
他以局外人的身份继承了华莱士的衣钵，但没有传达出信息。
The Wallace themes would find a powerful voice and his supporters a new hero in Ronald Reagan.
华莱士的主题将找到一个强有力的声音，他的支持者将在罗纳德·里根身上找到一个新的英雄。
He shared Wallace’s ability to connect with everyday Americans and he attacked many of the same targets.
他与华莱士一样有能力与普通美国人建立联系，并且攻击了许多相同的目标。
But Reagan projected a more positive view of the country’s future and that led to a movement that would come to dominate the nation’s politics for the last decades of the 20th century.
但里根对国家的未来提出了更加积极的看法，这引发了一场在 20 世纪最后几十年主导国家政治的运动。
George Wallace returned to Montgomery, as he always had after a failed presidential bid.
乔治·华莱士回到蒙哥马利，就像他在总统竞选失败后一直做的那样。
But this time, he had only two more years of the governorship.
但这一次，他的州长任期只剩下两年了。
And a marriage that had lifted him up after the shooting, now crashed around him.
枪击事件后，一段曾让他振作起来的婚姻现在却在他身边崩溃了。
GREENHAW: He began to accuse her of having affairs with state troopers.
格林霍：他开始指责她与州警有染。
She accused him of talking to his old girlfriends on the phone all the time, uh, and trying to lure them over to the mansion.
她指责他总是和他的旧女友打电话，呃，并试图引诱她们到豪宅来。
They, uh, tapped each other’s phones.
他们，呃，窃听了彼此的电话。
And then sooner or later, you know, it just turned so nasty that, uh, that they filed divorce papers, and it was a, a nasty couple of weeks in the courtrooms, uh, and, and in the newspapers.
然后迟早，你知道，事情变得如此令人讨厌，呃，他们提交了离婚文件，这是一个，法庭上令人讨厌的几周，呃，还有报纸。
Reporter: A truck pulled up to the governor’s mansion in Montgomery, Alabama today and loaded aboard Mrs. Cornelia Wallace’s personal items.
记者：今天一辆卡车停在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利州长官邸，装载着科妮莉亚·华莱士夫人的个人物品。
She was moving out.
她要搬出去了。
Couldn’t take it anymore, she said.
她说，再也受不了了。
The vulgarity, threats and abuse, as she put it.
正如她所说，粗俗、威胁和虐待。
She and Governor Wallace have had marital troubles for some time.
她和华莱士州长的婚姻问题已经有一段时间了。
He has a lawyer working on a divorce.
他有一位律师正在处理离婚事宜。
She said today that she has struggled to save her marriage but without success.
她今天表示，她一直在努力挽救婚姻，但没有成功。
NARR: 1976 seemed to be the end of a long journey for George Wallace.
纳尔：1976 年对于乔治·华莱士来说似乎是漫长旅程的终点。
But there was one transformation left, one built from the suffering of a broken body, from a rediscovered religious faith, from reflection upon a life.
但还剩下一种转变，这种转变是建立在破碎的身体的痛苦之上、建立在重新发现的宗教信仰之上、建立在对生活的反思之上的。
CARTER: George Wallace’s life uh, had its ups and downs, but it was uh, it was pretty down after, after ‘76.
卡特：乔治·华莱士的生活呃，有起有落，但呃，76 年之后，他的生活相当低落。
Uh, he’s essentially finished as a national candidate, he leaves the governorship in 1978, and he’s a fundraiser for a medical school in Birmingham, but he spends much of his time, uh, alone.
呃，他基本上已经不再是全国候选人了，他于 1978 年辞去州长职务，并且是伯明翰一所医学院的筹款人，但他大部分时间都是一个人度过的。
Um, he’s never been very close to his family, and he broods a lot.
嗯，他和家人的关系从来都不是很亲密，而且他经常沉思。
And he begins to think about, uh, his life.
他开始思考，呃，他的生活。
I think the way all good uh, Southern evangelicals or evangelicals do, "I’m at the end of my life, now what have I accomplished, what have I done, what have I done right, what have I done wrong." GEORGE WALLACE: If I didn’t have what it took to treat a man fair regardless of his color, then I don’t have what it takes to be the governor of your great state.
我认为所有好的呃，南方福音派或福音派都会这样做，“我已经到了生命的尽头，现在我完成了什么，我做了什么，我做对了什么，我做错了什么。”乔治·华莱士：如果我没有能力公平地对待一个人，无论他的肤色如何，那么我就没有能力成为你们这个伟大州的州长。
TRAMMELL: I was outniggered and I will never be outniggered again.
特拉梅尔：我被打败了，而且我再也不会被打败了。
GEORGE WALLACE: And I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever.
乔治·华莱士：我说现在是种族隔离，明天是种族隔离，永远是种族隔离。
CARTER: And although Wallace would never admit that he was a hater -- he always says he wasn’t -- he realizes the consequences of his actions, in terms of those around him.
卡特：尽管华莱士永远不会承认自己是一个仇恨者——他总是说自己不是——但他意识到自己的行为对周围人造成的后果。
GEORGE WALLACE: And now they’ve created themselves a Frankenstein monster and the chickens are coming home to roost all over this country.
乔治·华莱士：现在他们给自己创造了一个弗兰肯斯坦怪物，这些鸡正在全国各地栖息。
WALLACE, JR: His own suffering and purification that brings and the enlightenment that brings, and his realization that some things he had done and said could have caused others to suffer, bothered him, concerned him as a Christian.
小华莱士：他自己带来的痛苦和净化，以及带来的启迪，以及他意识到他所做的和所说的一些事情可能会给别人带来痛苦，这些都困扰着他，让他作为一个基督徒感到担忧。
CARTER: And so, one by one, he picks up the telephone and he begins calling his old enemies, the people who he had, uh, used as kind of punching bags in the 1960s.
卡特：于是，他一一拿起电话，开始给他的老敌人打电话，这些人，呃，在 20 世纪 60 年代被他当作出气筒。
And asked for their forgiveness.
并请求他们的原谅。
NARR: One of those Wallace called was a civil rights leader who’d been beaten bloody by Wallace’s state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965.
纳尔：华莱士打电话的其中一位是一位民权领袖，他于 1965 年在埃德蒙·佩特斯大桥被华莱士的州警打得血肉模糊。
LEWIS: Uh, he was very candid, very frank, I thought.
刘易斯：呃，我想他非常坦率，非常坦率。
He literally poured out his soul and heart to me.
他确实向我倾注了他的灵魂和心。
Uh, it was almost like a confession, like I was his priest.
呃，这几乎就像一个忏悔，就像我是他的牧师一样。
He was telling me everything.
他正在告诉我一切。
That he did some things that was wrong, and that he was not proud of.
他做了一些错误的事情，而且他并不为此感到自豪。
He, he kept saying to me, "John, I don’t hate anybody.
他，他一直对我说，“约翰，我不恨任何人。
I, I don’t hate anybody." NARR: In 1982, Wallace returned to politics, running once again for the governor’s office.
我、我不恨任何人。”纳尔：1982年，华莱士重返政坛，再次竞选州长职位。
NARR: Somehow Wallace’s pleas for forgiveness had struck a chord.
纳尔：华莱士的请求原谅不知何故引起了共鸣。
GEORGE WALLACE: And whether or not you’ve agreed with me at everything that I used to do, and agreed to, I know that you do not.
乔治·华莱士：无论你是否同意我过去所做的一切，并且同意，我知道你不同意。
I, too, see the mistakes that all of us made in years past.
我也看到了我们所有人在过去几年中所犯的错误。
Black woman: You know, God said you must repent.
黑人妇女：你知道，上帝说你必须悔改。
And he’s repented.
他已经悔改了。
Uh, Governor Wallace is a child of God now.
呃，华莱士州长现在是上帝的孩子了。
You can believe that.
你可以相信这一点。
He helped everybody, especially the black and the poor.
他帮助了所有人，特别是黑人和穷人。
GREENHAW: Here’s George Wallace from a wheelchair running in ‘82.
格林霍：这是 82 年坐在轮椅上跑步的乔治·华莱士。
The guy wins with the black vote.
那家伙以黑人选票获胜。
He could not have won without it.
没有它，他就不可能获胜。
LEWIS: He wanted the black vote and he went out and campaigned for those votes.
刘易斯：他想要黑人选票，他出去竞选这些选票。
He made promises and a lot of black folks went out and voted for him and they supported him.
他做出了承诺，很多黑人出去投票给他，他们支持他。
Black man: He said that, uh, he was wrong on segregation-- "I mistreated folk and I want a chance to repent." But the burden of proof now is on him, and, of course, only time will tell.
黑人：他说，呃，他在种族隔离问题上是错误的——“我虐待了人们，我想要一个悔改的机会。”但现在举证的责任落在了他身上，当然，只有时间才能证明一切。
NARR: For the next four years, Wallace kept that promise.
纳尔：在接下来的四年里，华莱士信守了这个诺言。
Appointing record numbers of blacks.
任命黑人人数创历史新高。
And depending on a coalition of blacks and whites for legislative support.
并依赖黑人和白人联盟的立法支持。
WALLACE, JR: He had meetings, uh, in this very building in the governor’s office, among, uh, black leaders and sought to build bridges.
小华莱士：他在州长办公室的这座大楼里与黑人领袖举行了会议，并寻求建立桥梁。
And if he was the epitome of resistance, he became the epitome of change in the New South.
如果说他是抵抗的缩影，那么他也成为了新南方变革的缩影。
LEWIS: In a, in a very strange sense, he was somewhat reverting back to the old Wallace, maybe, just maybe to his true self.
刘易斯：在一种非常奇怪的意义上，他在某种程度上回到了以前的华莱士，也许，只是也许回到了他真正的自我。
Tammy Wynette: Governor George Wallace, we love him.
塔米·怀内特：乔治·华莱士州长，我们爱他。
FLOWERS: I don’t think George changed later on in his life.
弗劳尔斯：我认为乔治后来的生活没有改变。
I think he went back to the George Wallace that I used to know.
我想他又回到了我以前认识的乔治·华莱士。
He really was for the downtrodden.
他确实是为了受压迫的人。
He really wanted to help the people that needed help.
他真的很想帮助那些需要帮助的人。
And he more or less dropped back into the old pattern of the real George Wallace.
他或多或少又回到了真正的乔治·华莱士的旧模式。
WALLACE, JR: His health had deteriorated some during that term.
小华莱士：在那段期间，他的健康状况有所恶化。
And, uh, I don’t believe he believed he could give a full measure of himself, uh, had he run again.
而且，呃，我不相信他相信如果他再次竞选的话，他可以充分展现自己。
Uh, he actually had two speeches with him as he went to the capitol, and no one knew which one he planned to give.
呃,其实他去国会大厦的时候有两场演讲,没有人知道他打算发表哪一场。
One was that he would seek the office again.
一是他将再次寻求职位。
One was that he would retire.
一是他要退休。
GEORGE WALLACE: I would like to be part of the future myself.
乔治·华莱士：我自己也想成为未来的一部分。
And during the past few days I have done much evaluation and much soul searching.
在过去的几天里，我做了很多评估和反思。
And some of you younger may not realize that I paid a pretty high price in 1972.
你们中的一些年轻人可能没有意识到我在 1972 年付出了相当高的代价。
Those five bullets gave me a thorn in the flesh, as it did for Apostle Paul.
那五颗子弹给我带来了肉中刺，就像使徒保罗一样。
And I prayed that they should be removed but they were not.
我祈祷他们应该被移除，但他们没有。
I realized in my own mind that all I’m doing is very good at the present time.
我心里意识到，我目前所做的一切都很好。
As I grow older the effects of my problem may become more noticeable.
随着年龄的增长，我的问题的影响可能会变得更加明显。
I feel that I must say that I’ve climbed my last political mountain.
我觉得我必须说我已经攀登了最后一座政治山峰。
But there’s still some personal hills that I must climb.
但仍有一些我必须攀登的个人山峰。
But for now, I must pass the rope and the pick to another climber and say, "Climb on.
但现在，我必须把绳子和镐递给另一个登山者，然后说：“继续爬。
Climb on to higher heights.
攀登更高的高度。
Climb on ‘til you reach the very peak.
继续攀登，直到到达顶峰。
Then look back and wave at me, for I, too, will still be climbing." My fellow Alabamians, I bid you a fond and affectionate farewell.
然后回头向我挥手，因为我也会继续攀登。”我的阿拉巴马同胞们，我向你们深情地告别。
You are very kind.
你很善良。
Good-bye.
再见。
Good-bye.
再见。
JENKINS: Well, [chuckles] uh, anything good out of the Wallace years?
詹金斯：嗯，[轻笑]呃，华莱士时代有什么好的事情吗？
It-- I’m afraid I can’t think of a single thing.
恐怕我什么也想不起来了。
[chuckles] INGRAM: Much that has transpired in, in government in, on the federal level in recent years was what Wallace had espoused.
[笑] 英格拉姆：近年来在政府、联邦层面发生的很多事情都是华莱士所拥护的。
Not on, on, so much on race.
不是关于种族的。
That's, that's the same people focus on that.
也就是说，这也是人们关注的焦点。
But he was against big government.
但他反对大政府。
He was for strong military.
他主张强军。
He was concerned about, uh, welfare abuse.
他担心，呃，福利滥用。
And that's what we talk about now.
这就是我们现在谈论的内容。
BUCHANAN: He has never gotten credit for being the, the figure he was and having the influence he did upon subsequent politics, uh, Nixon and Agnew, the Reagan movement, uh, frankly the Buchanan movement, the Perot movement, and the others.
布坎南：他从来没有因为他的身份以及他对后来的政治，呃，尼克松和阿格纽，里根运动，呃，坦率地说布坎南运动，佩罗运动和其他运动的影响而获得赞誉。
CARTER: He’s the man who’s not visible.
卡特：他是一个不可见的人。
He’s the invisible founding father in this whole process.
他是整个过程中隐形的创始人。
The very people who profited from Wallace’s ideas are the people who don’t want to recognize him.
从华莱士的想法中获益的人正是那些不想承认他的人。
He’s simply not respectable.
他根本不值得尊敬。
CHESTNUT: I have no problem forgiving George Wallace.
切斯纳特：我毫不犹豫地原谅乔治·华莱士。
I will not forget George Wallace because we must deal with the reality of Wallace.
我不会忘记乔治·华莱士，因为我们必须面对华莱士的现实。
How is it that a demagogue, insulting twenty million black people daily on the television, can rise to the heights that Wallace did?
一个每天在电视上侮辱两千万黑人的煽动者，怎么能达到华莱士那样的高度呢？
Forgive, yes.
原谅，是的。
Forget, never.
忘记，永远不会。
WALLACE, JR: The man I see is not the man that many people see when they think of George Wallace.
小华莱士：我看到的这个人并不是很多人想到乔治·华莱士时看到的那个人。
I see a man who’s walked with his Lord and his, his faith and his forgiveness of the man who shot him five times and his expression of love for that man.
我看到一个人与他的主和他的主同行，他的信仰，他对那个向他开了五枪的人的宽恕，以及他对那个人的爱的表达。
And I truly believe the greatest story of him has to do with that personal side, rather than anything political.
我坚信他最伟大的故事与个人方面有关，而不是任何政治因素。
INGRAM: I think, uh, uh, [sighs] I think in this conversion of Wallace, uh, he's cramming for final exams.
英格拉姆：我认为，呃，呃，[叹气]我认为在华莱士的转变中，呃，他正在为期末考试临时抱佛脚。
He knows death is not too far away, and he wants to be on the right side, and, uh, I wish him the best.
他知道死亡离我们并不遥远，他想站在正确的一边，而且，呃，我祝他一切顺利。
I, I feel sorry for him.
我，我为他感到难过。
To see this dynamic, energetic man just be a pathetic, deaf, almost blind, paralyzed, uh, and in constant pain.
看到这个充满活力、精力充沛的男人只是一个可怜的人，聋子，几乎失明，瘫痪，呃，并且处于持续的痛苦之中。
Its-- I, I don't want that-- I don't wish that on anyone.
它——我，我不希望这样——我不希望任何人这样。
WILLIAMS: The things that he have gone through, it was enough to change him.
威廉姆斯：他所经历的事情足以改变他。
And I do believe he has changed.
我确实相信他已经改变了。
A timeline of quotes that traces Wallace's political career.
追溯华莱士政治生涯的名言时间表。
A chronology of Wallace's life (1919-1998).
华莱士一生的年表（1919-1998）。
These maps show the results of the 1964 and 1972 Democratic primaries and the 1968 presidential election.
这些地图显示了 1964 年和 1972 年民主党初选以及 1968 年总统选举的结果。
Read about Wallace, the people who shaped his polital career such as his speechwriter and mentors, and his wife.
了解华莱士、塑造他政治生涯的人，例如他的演讲撰稿人和导师，以及他的妻子。
Wallace needed a substantial war chest to sustain his campaign against Nixon.
华莱士需要大量的战争资金来维持他对抗尼克松的竞选活动。
On March 25, 1965, triumphant civil rights demonstrators led by Martin Luther King, Jr. marched into Montgomery, Alabama.
1965 年 3 月 25 日，小马丁·路德·金领导的民权示威者胜利游行进入阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利。