Truman
In 1944, a little-known Senator from Missouri was campaigning for the office of Vice President.
1944 年，一位名不见经传的密苏里州参议员正在竞选副总统职位。
New Orleans, Houston, Portland, Seattle, Boston, New York City, Washington, Pittsburgh, St. Louis -- he criss-crossed America.
新奥尔良、休斯顿、波特兰、西雅图、波士顿、纽约、华盛顿、匹兹堡、圣路易斯——他的足迹遍及美国。
One night in his private pullman car, he awoke in a cold sweat.
一天晚上，他在自己的私人普尔曼汽车里醒来，一身冷汗。
He had dreamed that Franklin Roosevelt had died, and he, Harry Truman, was President of the United States.
他梦见富兰克林·罗斯福去世了，而他，哈里·杜鲁门，成为了美国总统。
In all his life, Truman told a reporter, he had never had such a terrifying nightmare.
杜鲁门告诉记者，他一生中从未做过如此可怕的噩梦。
April 12, 1945.
1945 年 4 月 12 日。
Vice President Harry S.
副总统哈里·S.
Truman received a call urging him to come quickly and quietly to the White House.
杜鲁门接到电话，敦促他迅速、安静地前往白宫。
As he ran through the corridors of the Capitol, he refused to face what lay ahead:
当他跑过国会大厦的走廊时，他拒绝面对前方的一切：
"I thought I was going down there to meet the President," Truman said later, "I didn't allow myself to think anything else."
“我以为我要去那里会见总统，”杜鲁门后来说，“我不允许自己思考任何其他事情。”
At 5:25 P.M.
下午 5:25
Truman entered the first lady's second floor study.
杜鲁门进入第一夫人二楼的书房。
Eleanor Roosevelt put her arm around his shoulder.
埃莉诺·罗斯福用手臂搂住他的肩膀。
"Harry," she told him.
“哈利，”她告诉他。
"The President is dead,"
“总统死了”
"Is there anything I can do for you?" Truman asked.
“有什么可以为您效劳的吗？”杜鲁门问道。
"Is there anything we can do for you," Mrs. Roosevelt replied, "For you are the one in trouble now."
“有什么我们能为你做的吗？”罗斯福夫人回答道，“因为现在有麻烦的是你。”
He was only a high school graduate, a farmer until he was 33, a haberdasher gone bankrupt at 38.
他只是一名高中毕业生，33 岁之前一直是农民，38 岁时破产了。
No one in Washington had ever even heard of Harry Truman before he was 50.
华盛顿没有人在 50 岁之前听说过哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman)。
Now at 60, he was President of the United States.
现年 60 岁的他是美国总统。
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: Here was a little haberdasher from Missouri, a small businessman, for him to step into the shoes of the great FDR, there was an enormous feeling of let-down.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW) 总统助理：这位来自密苏里州的小服饰店小商人，要接替伟大的罗斯福，我感到非常失望。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: For many people, it was as if the Presidency had died, not just the President.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：对于很多人来说，就好像总统职位已经去世，而不仅仅是总统去世了。
People were shaken, not just by Roosevelt's death, but, what did this mean to have this unknown quantity step in to such a powerful and important position.
人们震惊的不仅仅是罗斯福的去世，而是让这个不知名的人物登上如此强大而重要的职位意味着什么。
"If Harry Truman can be President," Americans everywhere were saying, "so could my next-door neighbor."
“如果哈里·杜鲁门能够成为总统，”世界各地的美国人都在说，“那么我的隔壁邻居也可以。”
Our hearts are heavy.
我们的心情很沉重。
The cause which claimed Roosevelt also claims us.
夺走了罗斯福的事业也夺走了我们。
He never faltered.
他从来没有动摇过。
Nor will we.
我们也不会。
VERNON JARRETT, Journalist: I felt that the man was out of his element.
弗农·贾勒特（VERNON JARRETT），记者：我觉得这个人不合时宜。
And I think many other Americans expressed the same fear.
我认为许多其他美国人也表达了同样的恐惧。
We got an incompetent that we know nothing about in the White House.
我们在白宫里遇到了一个我们一无所知的无能者。
It was kind of frightening thing to contemplate.
这是一件令人恐惧的事情。
Of all the men who had been President, he was one of the least prepared.
在所有担任过总统的人中，他是准备最不充分的人之一。
Vice President for only 82 days, excluded from Roosevelt's inner circle, he knew nothing about the war raging across three continents and two oceans except what he read in the papers.
担任副总统仅82天，被排除在罗斯福的核心圈子之外，除了在报纸上读到的内容外，他对横跨三大洲、两大洋的战争一无所知。
But within four months, Harry S.
但四个月内，Harry S.
Truman would have at his command the most terrible weapon ever devised by man, and he would have to decide whether or not to use it.
杜鲁门将拥有人类有史以来最可怕的武器，他必须决定是否使用它。
"Now Harry, you be good," Martha Truman had told her 11-year-old son.
“哈利，你乖一点，”玛莎·杜鲁门告诉她 11 岁的儿子。
And Harry Truman had wanted to be good.
哈里·杜鲁门也想做好人。
He dreamed of becoming a concert pianist and practiced with the same determined, optimistic spirit his pioneer grandparents brought with them when they first came West to Missouri.
他梦想成为一名音乐会钢琴家，并以他的先驱祖父母第一次来到密苏里州时所带来的坚定、乐观的精神进行练习。
Born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Harry was six when his family settled in Independence -- a town still close to the rugged life of the American frontier.
哈里于 1884 年 5 月 8 日出生于拉马尔，六岁时全家定居在独立城——这座小镇仍然靠近美国边境的崎岖生活。
Men carried knives, or guns.
男人们携带刀或枪。
Fistfights were common.
打架斗殴很常见。
Independence, Missouri was not a place where young boys played the piano.
密苏里州独立城并不是小男孩弹钢琴的地方。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He's this young kid who looks sort of like a sissy.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他是个看起来有点像娘娘腔的小孩子。
There is a surviving picture of him that was made around the time he was 11.
有一张他幸存下来的照片，是在他 11 岁时拍摄的。
You see this kid who looks sort of like Little Lord Fauntleroy dressed up in his Sunday best, sort of pudgy, wearing these big thick glasses in a day when it was very unusual for a kid to wear eyeglasses.
你看这个孩子看起来有点像方特勒罗伊小勋爵，穿着周日最好的衣服，有点矮胖，戴着这些又大又厚的眼镜，而在那个孩子戴眼镜是很不寻常的日子里。
"The popular boys were the ones who were good at games and had big, tight fists," Truman remembered years later.
“受欢迎的男孩是那些擅长游戏、拳头又大又紧的男孩，”杜鲁门多年后回忆道。
"I was never like that.
“我从来都不是这样的。
Without my glasses I was blind as a bat, and to tell the truth, I was kind of a sissy.
没有了眼镜，我就像一只蝙蝠一样瞎了，说实话，我有点娘娘腔。
If there was any danger of getting into a fight, I always ran." But in spite of the teasing, Harry kept on playing the piano.
如果有打架的危险，我总是逃跑。”但尽管有人取笑，哈利还是继续弹钢琴。
All his life, Harry Truman would show the same dogged perseverance.
哈里·杜鲁门一生都表现出同样顽强的毅力。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: There was that little boy up every morning at 5 o'clock, for two hours in absolute earnest before going to school, sitting there in the half-light working away at Mozart or Chopin.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：那个小男孩每天早上 5 点起床，在去学校之前绝对认真地度过两个小时，坐在昏暗的灯光下练习莫扎特或肖邦。
It was Harry's mother who first urged him to play the piano and encouraged him to practice.
是哈利的母亲首先督促他弹钢琴并鼓励他练习。
Harry was the sort of boy, a friend recalled, "who seemed to do whatever his mother told him."
一位朋友回忆说，哈利是那种“似乎听妈妈吩咐的事”的男孩。
The daughter of a pioneer farmer, Martha Truman had gone to college and studied music, art, and literature.
玛莎·杜鲁门是先锋农民的女儿，她上大学学习音乐、艺术和文学。
Before Harry was five she sat him on her lap and taught him to read from the family Bible.
哈利五岁之前，她让他坐在自己的腿上，教他读家庭圣经。
CHARLES BABCOCK, Truman Family Neighbor: I think Harry's mother wanted him to be a real gentleman.
查尔斯·巴布科克，杜鲁门的邻居：我认为哈利的母亲希望他成为一名真正的绅士。
And do things just right.
并且把事情做得恰到好处。
She actually babied Harry a good deal if you want to say that.
如果你想说的话，她实际上非常宠爱哈利。
But she had no other choice because he couldn't do the rough and tumble with the other kids.
但她别无选择，因为他不能和其他孩子一起打闹。
Harry's introduction to politics was rowdy and boisterous.
哈利对政治的介绍是喧闹而喧闹的。
Election day at the end of the 19th century was marked by high spirits, carousing and brawls.
19 世纪末的选举日充满了兴高采烈、狂欢和斗殴的气氛。
And in Independence, Harry's father, John Truman, was always right in the middle of the action.
在《独立》中，哈利的父亲约翰·杜鲁门总是站在行动的中心。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: His father was about five foot four, or so, but tough.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他的父亲身高大约五英尺四英寸左右，但很坚强。
He would fight at the drop of a hat.
他会随时战斗。
He would take after people, particularly on election day...
他会追随人们，尤其是在选举日......
And once when a man in a courtroom accused him of being a liar, he chased the fellow out into the street and threatened to beat him up.
有一次，当一名男子在法庭上指控他撒谎时，他将这名男子追到街上，并威胁要殴打他。
Like Harry's mother, John Truman also came from pioneer stock.
和哈利的母亲一样，约翰·杜鲁门也出身于先锋家族。
He earned his living trading horses and mules.
他靠买卖马和骡子为生。
"A fiery fellow," people said of him, "very stubborn, but on the square...
“一个脾气暴躁的家伙，”人们这样评价他，“非常固执，但在广场上......
A man of his integrity and industry...
一个正直而勤奋的人......
you excuse a whole lot of things."
你原谅了很多事情。”
All his life, Harry would try to earn John Truman's respect.
哈利一生都在努力赢得约翰·杜鲁门的尊重。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Once his father got young Harry a pony.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作家：有一次，他的父亲给了小哈利一匹小马。
And the father was leading the pony, and the little boy fell off the pony and started to cry.
父亲牵着小马，小男孩从小马上摔下来，哭了起来。
And the father said, "Any little boy that cries when he falls off the pony has to walk home." So he had to walk all the way back.
父亲说：“任何从小马身上摔下来哭的小男孩都必须步行回家。”于是他只好一路走回去。
And Mrs. Truman, Harry's mother, didn't like that at all.
哈利的母亲杜鲁门夫人根本不喜欢这样。
"Mamma thought I was badly mistreated, but I wasn't," Truman remembered.
“妈妈以为我受到了严重的虐待，但事实并非如此，”杜鲁门回忆道。
"In spite of my crying all the way home, I learned a lesson."
“尽管我一路哭着回家，但我吸取了教训。”
Harry learned that a man kept trying until he succeeded, that a man never admitted he was afraid, that a man had to speak bluntly and be prepared to fight.
哈利了解到一个人不断尝试直到成功，一个人从不承认自己害怕，一个人必须直言不讳并做好战斗的准备。
But no matter how hard he tried, Harry could never quite measure up.
但无论哈利如何努力，他都无法完全达到标准。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: My own impression is that he really wanted to relate to his father.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：我个人的印象是，他真的很想与他的父亲建立联系。
He felt that their relationship was not as good as it should have been, it was not as close as it should have been.
他觉得他们的关系没有应有的好，没有应有的亲密。
Harry was not his father's favorite.
哈利不是他父亲的最爱。
His younger brother John Vivian was.
他的弟弟约翰维维安是。
John Vivian shared his father's interest in trading horses and mules.
约翰·维维安（John Vivian）和他的父亲一样对马匹和骡子贸易有着浓厚的兴趣。
Harry preferred to read.
哈利更喜欢读书。
Harry was one of the few boys in town who went to high school.
哈利是镇上为数不多的几个上高中的男孩之一。
Most of the students in his class were girls.
他班上的大多数学生都是女孩。
He spent his spare time going to concerts...
他利用业余时间去听音乐会...
when he wasn't devouring books.
当他不狼吞虎咽地读书时。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He claimed to have read every book in the little town library.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他声称读过小镇图书馆里的每一本书。
He particularly liked biography and history.
他特别喜欢传记和历史。
George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Robert E.
乔治·华盛顿、安德鲁·杰克逊、罗伯特·E.
Lee...
李...
They were his heroes and he wanted to be like they were.
他们是他的英雄，他想成为像他们一样的人。
Everything he learned reinforced his native optimism and taught him to admire the simple, old-fashioned virtues.
他学到的一切都增强了他天生的乐观精神，并教会他欣赏简单、老式的美德。
"A true heart, a strong mind, and a great deal of courage," he wrote in a school composition, "and I think a man will get through the world."
他在学校作文中写道：“一颗真诚的心、坚强的意志和巨大的勇气，我认为一个人就能走遍这个世界。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman grew up in a town where there were certain standards of behavior.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：杜鲁门在一个有一定行为标准的小镇长大。
Selfishness is not tolerated -- hypocrisy is detested -- you were put down if you started acting a little too big for your britches and you judge people by the work they do, doing a good job.
自私是不被容忍的——虚伪是令人厌恶的——如果你开始表现得有点太过分了，你就会被贬低，你会根据人们所做的工作来评判他们，做得好。
Independence, Harry said, was a place where "Right was right and wrong was wrong, and you didn't have to talk about it." Throughout his life, Truman would idealize his home town.
哈利说，独立是一个“对的就是对的，错的就是错的，而且你不必谈论它”的地方。杜鲁门一生都将他的家乡理想化。
But Independence was also a place where Catholics and Jews were not to be trusted, Italians and Irish not to be hired.
但独立也是一个不信任天主教徒和犹太人、不雇佣意大利人和爱尔兰人的地方。
Blacks lived in a cluster of shacks called "Nigger Neck."
黑人住在一群被称为“黑鬼脖子”的棚屋里。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Independence, Missouri was more like the South than it was like the Midwest.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：密苏里州独立城更像是南方，而不是中西部。
It was a Jim Crow town.
那是一个吉姆·克劳镇。
When the Civil War veterans gathered on the town square for reunions they were confederate veterans.
当内战退伍军人聚集在城镇广场上聚会时，他们是南方联盟的退伍军人。
And Truman grew up in a family where racial slurs were used.
杜鲁门在一个经常使用种族歧视的家庭中长大。
Where old habits of the mind and the mouth prevailed.
头脑和嘴巴的旧习惯盛行的地方。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Harry's grandmother especially just hated Abe Lincoln.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：哈利的祖母尤其讨厌亚伯·林肯。
Harry's mother didn't feel very good about Abe Lincoln either.
哈利的母亲对亚伯·林肯也没有好感。
Her big hero was Robert E.
她的大英雄是罗伯特·E.
Lee, and you get the impression from what you learn about Truman's mother that she thought John Wilkes Booth was a great man.
李，你从杜鲁门母亲的了解中得到的印象是，她认为约翰·威尔克斯·布斯是一个伟人。
Harry began life with all the prejudices of his family, and most of his friends and neighbors.
哈利一开始就受到家人、大多数朋友和邻居的偏见。
The best and worst of small town America helped shape his moral imagination.
美国小镇最好和最坏的一面帮助塑造了他的道德想象力。
In 1900, Harry and his father went to the Democratic National Convention in Kansas City.
1900年，哈利和他的父亲前往堪萨斯城参加民主党全国代表大会。
John Truman was a life-long Democrat, who passed his staunch party convictions along to his son.
约翰·杜鲁门一生都是民主党人，他将坚定的政党信念遗传给了他的儿子。
It was the 16-year-old boy's first taste of national politics, and he loved it...
这是这个 16 岁男孩第一次尝到国家政治的滋味，他很喜欢它……
the crowds, the hoopla, and as the new century began, the spirit of optimism that filled the air -- the dreams of better and better times ahead.
人群、喧嚣，以及新世纪开始时空气中弥漫的乐观精神——对未来越来越美好时代的梦想。
John Truman had his own dreams.
约翰·杜鲁门有他自己的梦想。
Fiercely ambitious, always attracted to the big score, he began speculating in grain futures.
他雄心勃勃，总是被大局所吸引，开始投机谷物期货。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He wanted to get rich.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他想致富。
He thought you had to work hard.
他认为你必须努力工作。
He was an enormously hard worker, but he thought you needed some luck in order to get rich.
他是一个非常努力的人，但他认为你需要一些运气才能致富。
And he bet the family savings and indeed eventually the family home in Independence on the grain markets.
他把家里的积蓄，甚至最终把在独立城的家都押在了粮食市场上。
"Youth, the Hope of the World," read the Latin slogan above the heads of Harry Truman's 1901 high school graduating class.
“青年，世界的希望，”1901 年哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 高中毕业班的头顶上写着拉丁口号。
But now at 17, Harry's own hopes were shattered.
但现在 17 岁了，哈利自己的希望破灭了。
He had wanted to go to college.
他本来想上大学。
But his father's gamble on the grain markets proved disastrous, and the Trumans lost everything they owned.
但他父亲在粮食市场上的赌博被证明是灾难性的，杜鲁门家族失去了他们所拥有的一切。
But Harry never complained about his luck.
但哈利从未抱怨过自己的运气。
He never would.
他永远不会。
Determined to help support his family, he headed for nearby Kansas City.
他决心帮助养家糊口，于是前往附近的堪萨斯城。
For a 17-year-old boy just starting out in life, Kansas City was brimming with possibilities.
对于一个刚刚开始人生的 17 岁男孩来说，堪萨斯城充满了可能性。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: It's a big, rough, boisterous, overgrown cowtown.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：这是一个大、粗犷、喧闹、杂草丛生的牛镇。
It's got everything, including lots of opportunity for sin if that's what you wanted.
它拥有一切，如果你想要的话，还包括很多犯罪的机会。
Prostitution, gambling, and wide-open, all night hell-raising.
卖淫、赌博、大敞，彻夜闹鬼。
To what extent Harry experienced any of that we'll never know.
哈利在多大程度上经历了这些我们永远不会知道。
My suspicion is not at all.
我的怀疑一点也没有。
He was a good boy.
他是个好孩子。
CHARLES BABCOCK, Truman Family Neighbor: Harry was a nice guy.
查尔斯·巴布科克，杜鲁门的邻居：哈利是个好人。
And his mother had raised him very well.
而且他的母亲把他养育得很好。
I don't think he was about to get in trouble in Kansas City even though a lot of people did in those days, you know.
我不认为他会在堪萨斯城遇到麻烦，尽管当时很多人都遇到过麻烦，你知道。
Harry didn't have a lot of money so he worked all the time, so he couldn't get in very much trouble that way because his time was spent working.
哈利没有很多钱，所以他一直在工作，这样他就不会惹上太多麻烦，因为他的时间都花在了工作上。
Mailroom boy for a newspaper, timekeeper for a railroad construction company, bank clerk -- Harry took what jobs came his way, and made the most of them.
报纸的收发室男孩、铁路建筑公司的计时员、银行职员——哈利接受了他所从事的工作，并充分利用了这些工作。
Kansas City, Harry reported, was a place with "things doing." He went to concerts, theater and vaudeville, saw the four Cohans and Sara Bernhardt.
哈利报告说，堪萨斯城是一个“有事可做”的地方。他去看音乐会、剧院和歌舞杂耍，见到了科恩四兄弟和萨拉·伯恩哈特。
Once he heard Theodore Roosevelt speak from the back of a railroad car.
有一次，他在火车车厢后座上听到西奥多·罗斯福讲话。
The President, Harry thought, appeared to be surprisingly short.
哈利想，总统的个子似乎出奇的矮。
He joined the National Guard and enjoyed the company of other young men.
他加入了国民警卫队，并享受与其他年轻人的陪伴。
Women, though, were another matter.
然而，女性则是另一回事。
"I was always afraid of girls," he once wrote.
“我总是害怕女孩，”他曾经写道。
After four years, Harry was drawing a good salary as a bank clerk and finding new friends.
四年后，哈利成为一名银行职员，拿着不错的薪水，并结识了新朋友。
He was 21 years old, just beginning to make a life for himself, when once again his father thwarted his ambitions.
他21岁那年，刚刚开始为自己谋生，但父亲再次挫败了他的雄心壮志。
Down on his luck, John Truman had been forced to sell his house, all his livestock, and had even taken a job as a night watchman.
运气不佳的约翰·杜鲁门被迫卖掉了自己的房子和所有的牲畜，甚至还找到了一份守夜人的工作。
He saw his chance to get back on his feet when his wife's mother asked him to take over the family farm 15 miles south of Independence.
当他岳母要求他接管位于独立城以南 15 英里的家庭农场时，他看到了重新站起来的机会。
But he knew he couldn't run the huge 600 acre farm without the help of both his sons.
但他知道，如果没有两个儿子的帮助，他就无法经营这个占地 600 英亩的巨大农场。
He told Harry to quit his job and come home.
他告诉哈利辞掉工作回家。
Again, without complaint, Harry did as he was told.
哈利再次毫无怨言地照着他的吩咐做了。
CHARLES BABCOCK, Truman Family Neighbor: I don't think he was by nature a farmer.
查尔斯·巴布科克，杜鲁门的邻居：我不认为他天生就是一个农民。
I think he liked people better.
我认为他更喜欢人们。
So it was tough on him.
所以这对他来说很艰难。
He didn't want to do it, I'm sure.
我确信他不想这样做。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: It was hard work, hard, hard work, and blistering heat in the summer time in western Missouri.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：在密苏里州西部的夏季，工作非常辛苦、非常辛苦、而且非常炎热。
And cold, cold winters where the whole landscape turned to iron.
寒冷的冬天，整个大地都变成了钢铁。
And he'd never done this before, this was new to him.
而且他以前从未这样做过，这对他来说是新鲜事。
He'd grown up in town, he'd gone to work in the bank, he had clerks jobs, he looked like a clerk.
他在城里长大，在银行工作，做过文员工作，他看起来像个文员。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He remembered in later years friends who told him he wouldn't last six months.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他记得后来的朋友们告诉他，他撑不过六个月。
And he'd be back at work at the bank.
他会回到银行工作。
"If a crooked row, or a blank space showed in the cornfield or wheat," Harry remembered, "I'd hear about it for a year."
“如果玉米地或麦田里出现一排歪歪斜斜的行，或者一片空白，”哈利回忆道，“我会听说它一年。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He's working for his father, and working for John Truman wouldn't have been easy...
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：他为他的父亲工作，而为约翰·杜鲁门工作并不容易……
but he was determined to prove he could do it.
但他决心证明自己能做到。
I think he was still dissatisfied with his relationship with his father and thought that maybe this was his last opportunity to repair it.
我认为他仍然对自己和父亲的关系不满意，并认为也许这是他修复关系的最后机会。
For nearly eight years, Harry worked at his father's side.
哈利在父亲身边工作了近八年。
"We were real partners," Harry remembered.
“我们是真正的伙伴，”哈利回忆道。
"He thought I was about right.
“他认为我是对的。
I knew he was."
我知道他是。”
"Dear Bessie, I've been sowing oats all week, and hauled about six tons of hay yesterday....
“亲爱的贝西，我整个星期都在播种燕麦，昨天拖了大约六吨干草......
You know the wind blew something fierce last Tuesday and Wednesday and the sun also had some effect.
你知道，上周二和周三刮起了猛烈的风，阳光也产生了一些影响。
Between them I look like raw beef."
在他们中间我看起来就像生牛肉。”
To escape the drudgery of his daily life, Harry stole time to write a young woman from his high school graduating class -- Elizabeth Wallace -- Bess.
为了逃避日常生活的苦差事，哈利抽出时间写了一位高中毕业班的年轻女子——伊丽莎白·华莱士——贝丝。
SUE GENTRY, Editor, The Independence Examiner : The story he tells, they were in Sunday school together when they were six years old.
苏·金特里（SUE GENTRY），《独立审查员》编辑：他讲述的故事是，他们六岁时一起上主日学校。
There was a year's difference in their age.
他们的年龄相差了一岁。
And from that moment on, he thought of no one else but that blue-eyed, golden haired little girl.
从那一刻起，他的心里就不再想着别人，只想着那个蓝眼金发的小女孩。
It took five years, Harry said, before he could summon the courage even to talk to her.
哈利说，他花了五年时间才鼓起勇气和她说话。
He would remain in awe of Bess for the rest of his life.
他将终生敬畏贝丝。
Bess was popular, outgoing and a great athlete.
贝丝很受欢迎，性格外向，而且是一位出色的运动员。
A superb tennis player, the best female fencer in town, and a terrific third baseman.
一位出色的网球运动员，镇上最好的女击剑手，也是一位出色的三垒手。
SUE GENTRY, Editor, The Independence Examiner : She belonged to a special family in Independence.
SUE GENTRY，《独立审查员》编辑：她属于独立州的一个特殊家庭。
A family that was prominent and recognized.
一个显赫且被认可的家庭。
Of course Harry came -- was from a farm family.
哈利当然来了——他来自一个农场家庭。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Bess Wallace and her family lived in one of the biggest houses in Independence.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：贝丝·华莱士和她的家人住在独立城最大的房子之一。
They had a servant to wait on the tables, there were lace curtains in the windows and Brussells carpets on the floor.
他们有一个仆人在桌子上侍候，窗户上挂着蕾丝窗帘，地板上铺着布鲁塞尔地毯。
And you walked up those steps onto the Wallace front porch and you rang the doorbell and when you crossed the threshold into that house, if you were Harry Truman, you were stepping into a different world, where people didn't work with their hands, where to all that he knew at least, they had no such thing as debt or worry, or concern about weather and insects and all the -- all the burdens of farm life.
你走上台阶，来到华莱士的前廊，按响门铃，当你跨进那栋房子的门槛时，如果你是哈里·杜鲁门，你就踏入了一个不同的世界，那里的人们不用手工作，至少他知道，在那里，他们没有债务或忧虑，也没有担心天气和昆虫以及所有农场生活的负担。
And he courted her with a determination that is very expressive of the kind of man he was.
他以坚定的决心向她求爱，这充分体现了他的性格。
It was his first campaign.
这是他的第一次竞选。
He wrote her letter after letter, day after day.
他日复一日地给她写了一封又一封信。
"Dear Bessie, I don't care what kind of paper you write on.
“亲爱的贝西，我不在乎你写在什么样的纸上。
I should be just as pleased to get a letter from you on wrapping paper as on the finest stationery."
我会很高兴收到你写在包装纸上的信，就像收到你写在最好的信纸上的信一样。”
.....You certainly did write me one fine letter (put the emphasis on fine, not on one, because they're all fine)..."
......你确实给我写了一封很好的信（强调很好，而不是一封，因为它们都很好）......”
"Dear Bess, I shall sure be glad to go to Salisbury's for dinner Sunday.
“亲爱的贝丝，我一定会很高兴周日去索尔兹伯里吃晚饭。
But don't you think I am a terrible tightwad if we walk?"
但如果我们步行的话，你不觉得我是个可怕的小气鬼吗？”
Harry was in love, but Bess held herself aloof.
哈利恋爱了，但贝丝却保持冷漠。
SUE GENTRY, Editor, The Independence Examiner : She had lots of beaus.
苏·金特里（SUE GENTRY），《独立审查员》编辑：她有很多男朋友。
And her mother always thought, so I'm told, that Bess could do better than Harry, a farm boy.
据我所知，她的母亲一直认为贝丝可以比农场男孩哈利做得更好。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: I once asked Mae Wallace, Harry Truman's sister-in-law, if it was true that Mrs. Wallace, her mother-in-law Madge Wallace, didn't think that Harry was good enough for Bess.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：我曾经问过哈里·杜鲁门的嫂子梅·华莱士，华莱士夫人，她的婆婆玛奇·华莱士，是否真的认为哈里配不上贝丝。
And she said, "Oh, yes, that's right.
她说：“哦，是的，没错。
She didn't think Harry was good enough for Bess, but she didn't think anyone was good enough for Bess."
她认为哈利配不上贝丝，但她也不认为任何人配得上贝丝。”
Madge Wallace would never think Harry was good enough.
玛奇·华莱士永远不会认为哈利足够好。
Once a beautiful girl from a much admired family, she had become a reclusive troubled woman, grown more and more dependent on her only daughter, ever since the tragic death of her husband.
曾经是一个来自受人尊敬的家庭的美丽女孩，自从丈夫不幸去世后，她变成了一个隐居的、陷入困境的女人，变得越来越依赖她唯一的女儿。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Precisely why David Wallace got up very early one morning, climbed into the family bath tub, put a gun to his head and pulled the trigger we don't really know.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：大卫·华莱士一天早上起得很早，爬进家庭浴缸，用枪指着自己的头，然后扣动扳机，我们并不清楚。
Some accounts have it he was depressed because he was heavily in debt.
有些报道称他因负债累累而感到沮丧。
But why would such a fine man do this?
但这么优秀的一个人，为什么会做出这样的事呢？
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Bess' father was an extremely popular, charming man who often rode the horse at the head of political parades.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：贝丝的父亲是一位非常受欢迎、迷人的男人，经常骑着马走在政治游行的最前面。
But he was an alcoholic.
但他是个酒鬼。
And like the character in the poem Richard Cory he went home one night and put a bullet through his head.
就像理查德·科里诗中的人物一样，有一天晚上他回到家，一颗子弹射穿了他的头。
And his wife, Bess' mother, came apart.
他的妻子，贝丝的母亲，也崩溃了。
She never was able to cope again.
她再也无法应对。
Her husband's suicide scandalized the small town.
她丈夫的自杀震惊了小镇。
Madge Wallace became, someone said, "a prisoner of shame."
有人说，玛奇·华莱士成了“耻辱的囚徒”。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: It cast a pall over the rest of her life.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：这给她的余生蒙上了一层阴影。
Mrs. Wallace gave Bess the impression that it was Bess' duty to take care of her.
华莱士夫人给贝丝的印象是照顾她是贝丝的责任。
Her mother became very reliant on her.
她的母亲变得非常依赖她。
Bess was just 18.
贝丝当时才 18 岁。
A neighbor remembered how, in the hours immediately following her father's suicide, "Bess was walking up and down in back of the house with clenched fists."
一位邻居记得，在她父亲自杀后的几个小时里，“贝丝紧握着拳头在房子后面走来走去。”
"Dear Bessie I certainly enjoyed myself the evening I was there and you may be assured that I shall repeat the offense as often as I can or you will allow me.
“亲爱的贝西，我在那儿的那个晚上确实玩得很开心，你可以放心，我会尽可能多地重复这种冒犯行为，或者你会允许我这样做。
The cake and coffee couldn't be beat....
蛋糕和咖啡是无与伦比的......
there's nothing better than cake but more cake.
没有什么比蛋糕更好的了，只有更多的蛋糕。
Bess was 25 when Harry first began to court her.
哈利第一次向贝丝求爱时，她才 25 岁。
She was a young woman on the verge of spinsterhood, the bonds forged by maternal need and filial duty drawing ever more tightly around her.
她是一位即将处女的年轻女子，母亲的需要和孝道所形成的纽带越来越紧密地围绕着她。
But Harry idolized her.
但哈利崇拜她。
All through elementary and high school, he had shyly loved her -- from afar.
整个小学和高中，他都害羞地爱着她——远远的。
Even as a young man in Kansas City, he had dreamed always and only of Bess.
当他还是堪萨斯城的一个年轻人时，他就一直梦想着贝丝。
Now he was 26.
现在他26岁了。
And he had never had a girlfriend.
而且他从来没有过女朋友。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman from the time he was a kid had always been somewhat uneasy with the opposite sex.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门从小就对异性感到有些不安。
Maybe Bess' distance and his idealization of her provided an excuse for not getting involved with women for a long time.
也许贝丝的距离和他对她的理想化为她长期不与女性交往提供了借口。
He's been hooked on this woman ever since he met her at the age of five, and he has never been able to get interested in any other women since.
自从五岁遇见这个女人以来，他就迷上了这个女人，从此再也没有对任何其他女人产生过兴趣。
Harry saw Bess whenever he could, nearly every Sunday.
哈利一有机会就去见贝丝，几乎每个星期天。
They enjoyed concerts, plays, and continued to exchange letters:
他们喜欢音乐会、戏剧，并继续交换信件：
Dear Bessie, You may be very, very sure that your letters cannot possibly come too often or too regular for me...
亲爱的贝西，您可能非常非常确定您的来信对我来说不可能太频繁或太规律......
Dear Bessie, My voice is somewhat weary from yelling at the horses.
亲爱的贝西，由于对马大喊大叫，我的声音有些疲倦。
Please write me when you have the time as I enjoy your letters very much...
当你有时间的时候请给我写信，因为我非常喜欢你的来信......
Finally Harry drew up his courage and proposed -- in a letter:
最后哈利鼓起勇气在一封信中提议：
Dear Bessie: You may not have guessed it but I've been crazy about you ever since we went to Sunday school together.
亲爱的贝西：你可能没有猜到，自从我们一起上主日学校以来，我就一直为你着迷。
But I never had the nerve to think you'd even look at me.
但我从来没有勇气想到你会看我。
I don't think so now but I can't keep from telling you what I think of you.
我现在不这么认为，但我忍不住告诉你我对你的看法。
Were I an Italian or a poet I would use all the luscious language of two continents.
如果我是意大利人或诗人，我会使用两大洲所有甜美的语言。
I am not either but only a kind of good-for-nothing American farmer...
我也不是，只是一个没出息的美国农民……
If you turn me down, I'll not be thoroughly disappointed, for it's no more than I expect.
如果你拒绝我，我也不会彻底失望，因为这并不超出我的预期。
Please write as soon as you feel that way.
一旦你有这种感觉，请尽快写下来。
The sooner, the better pleased I am.
越早，我就越高兴。
It took Bess three weeks to respond.
贝丝花了三周时间才做出回应。
She refused.
她拒绝了。
And Harry wrote to thank her for not ridiculing him.
哈利写信感谢她没有嘲笑他。
"You know you turned me down so easy I am almost happy anyway.
“你知道你如此轻易地拒绝了我，无论如何，我几乎很高兴。
I was never fool enough to think that a girl like you could ever care for a fellow like me.
我从来没有愚蠢到认为像你这样的女孩会关心像我这样的人。
But Harry wouldn't give up.
但哈利不会放弃。
He bought a second-hand Stafford touring car to take Bess courting.
他买了一辆二手斯塔福德旅行车来带贝丝求爱。
When he learned that she liked tennis, Harry built her a grass tennis court out behind the farmhouse and threw a tennis party in her honor.
当哈利得知她喜欢网球时，他在农舍后面为她建造了一个草地网球场，并为她举办了一场网球派对。
She didn't come.
她没有来。
"I really worked all day Sunday getting that court ready for you," he wrote her.
“周日我真的工作了一整天，为你准备好法庭，”他写信给她。
"We also had a supply of watermelons on hand.
“我们手头还有大量西瓜。
But you can make it some Saturday, and Mamma says you must come to dinner next time."
不过周六你可以来，妈妈说你下次一定要来吃晚饭。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Persistence is a very strong theme in Harry Truman.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：坚持是《哈里·杜鲁门》中一个非常强烈的主题。
He doesn't give up very easily.
他不会轻易放弃。
He really set his mind that Bess was the one.
他确实认定贝丝就是那个人。
And she always would be.
她永远都是。
Never any variation in that.
从来没有任何变化。
He just kept at it--
他只是坚持下去——
Two years after she had turned him down, Bess began to change her mind.
拒绝他两年后，贝丝开始改变主意。
She told Harry that if she ever married anyone, it would be him.
她告诉哈利，如果她嫁给任何人，那就是他。
"Dear Bess, "It doesn't seem real that you should care for me...
“亲爱的贝丝，“你应该关心我，这似乎并不真实......
I've always thought that the best man in the world is hardly good enough for any woman.
我一直认为世界上最好的男人配不上任何女人。
But when it comes to the best girl in all the universe caring for an ordinary gink like me -- well, you just have to let me get used to it.
但当谈到全宇宙最好的女孩照顾像我这样的普通女孩时——好吧，你只需要让我习惯它。
I'm all puffed up and hilarious and happy."
我很骄傲，很搞笑，也很高兴。”
But Bess would never marry a farmer.
但贝丝永远不会嫁给一个农民。
The farm was $12,000 in debt, and Harry was still working for his father.
农场负债 12,000 美元，而哈利仍在为他父亲工作。
Then, in 1914, John Truman, straining to remove a boulder from a road, severely injured himself.
1914 年，约翰·杜鲁门 (John Truman) 在用力清除路上的一块巨石时，自己受了重伤。
X-rays revealed a tumor blocking his intestine.
X光检查显示肿瘤堵塞了他的肠道。
Doctors recommended surgery, but held out little hope.
医生建议进行手术，但希望不大。
The operation failed.
操作失败。
Harry saw his father grow weaker and weaker.
哈利看到他的父亲变得越来越虚弱。
Near death, the wiry, once ambitious man looked back on his life.
濒临死亡时，这个身材瘦长、曾经雄心勃勃的男人回顾了自己的一生。
"I have been," he told his son, "a failure." On the evening of November 2, 1914, Harry rested at his father's bedside.
他告诉儿子：“我一直是个失败者。” 1914 年 11 月 2 日晚上，哈利在父亲的床边休息。
"I had been sitting with him and watching a long time," Truman said later.
“我和他坐在一起看了很长时间，”杜鲁门后来说。
"When I woke up he was dead." Years later, when a writer asked Truman if his father had been a failure, Harry told him, "How could he be a failure if his son became President of the United States?"
“当我醒来时，他已经死了。”多年后，当一位作家问杜鲁门他的父亲是否失败时，哈里告诉他：“如果他的儿子成为美国总统，他怎么会失败呢？”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: The death of John Truman was a liberation for Harry.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：约翰·杜鲁门的去世对哈利来说是一种解放。
Once he gets past the point of grief and shock at his father's death, he is finally free to set out in directions of his own.
一旦他摆脱了父亲去世带来的悲伤和震惊，他终于可以自由地朝着自己的方向出发了。
And he decides pretty quickly that those directions are going to be away from the farm.
他很快就决定这些方向将远离农场。
After hearing tales of easy money to be made in Oklahoma, Harry headed south.
在听说俄克拉荷马州容易赚钱的故事后，哈利前往南方。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He's going to do as his father had done, only make what his father had tried, work.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他会像他父亲那样做，只是让他父亲尝试过的事情发挥作用。
His father gambled.
他的父亲赌博。
His father gambled and lost.
他的父亲赌博输了。
He was going to gamble and win.
他要去赌博并赢。
Harry borrowed several thousand dollars against his livestock, and gambled it on a zinc mine.
哈利以他的牲畜为抵押借了几千美元，并把它赌在了一个锌矿上。
CHARLES BABCOCK, Truman Family Neighbor: He decided he'd get rich quick to catch up with Bess, because Bess was well to do.
查尔斯·巴布科克，杜鲁门的邻居：他决定尽快致富以赶上贝丝，因为贝丝做得很好。
"Dear Bess, Our foreman says we have a much better mine than he expected...
“亲爱的贝丝，我们的工头说我们的矿井比他预期的要好得多......
When I see you I hope to tell you that we are going full blast and making ore so fast it makes our heads swim."
当我见到你时，我希望告诉你，我们正在全力以赴，开采矿石的速度快得让我们头晕目眩。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He seems to assume that things are not going to go wrong, you work hard, lady luck will be on your side and you'll make it.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他似乎认为事情不会出错，只要你努力工作，幸运女神就会站在你这边，你就会成功。
But what Harry doesn't understand and what he's never good at is that you buy low and you sell high.
但哈利不明白而且他从来不擅长的是低买高卖。
"Dear Bess, The mine has gone by the board.
“亲爱的贝丝，矿井已经按照指示牌消失了。
I have lost out on it entirely.
我完全失去了它。
There was never one of our name who had sense enough to make money.
我们当中从来没有一个人有足够的理智去赚钱。
I am no exception....
我也不例外......
You would do better perhaps if you pitch me into the ash heap and pick someone with more sense and ability and not such a soft head."
如果你把我扔进垃圾堆，选择一个更有理智、更有能力、而不是头脑软弱的人，也许你会做得更好。”
But he sank another $5,000 in an oil well company and convinced Bess to risk some money too.
但他又在一家油井公司投资了 5,000 美元，并说服贝丝也冒一些风险。
"Dear Bess, People seem to think our...
“亲爱的贝丝，人们似乎认为我们的......
project has some merit.
项目有一定的优点。
We got $225 yesterday....
昨天我们得到了225美元......
Hope to see you Sunday, and be so full of oil that I'll float."
希望周日见到你，充满油，我就能漂浮起来。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He is always optimistic.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他总是很乐观。
He comes out of this culture that says people can get ahead if they work hard.
他来自这样一种文化：只要努力工作，就能取得成功。
And then it also says if they have a little luck too.
然后它还说他们是否也有一点运气。
Harry's company ran out of money and went bust.
哈利的公司耗尽了资金并破产了。
Bess lost everything she had invested.
贝丝失去了她投资的一切。
Harry sold his stake to a better-financed outfit.
哈利把他的股份卖给了一家资金更充足的公司。
The new company kept drilling, and struck it rich.
新公司不断钻探，并致富了。
If Harry had hung on, drilled just a little deeper, he would have been a millionaire.
如果哈利坚持下去，钻得更深一点，他就会成为百万富翁。
"Dear Bess, I seem to have a grand and admirable ability for calling tails when heads come up.
“亲爱的贝丝，我似乎有一种伟大而令人钦佩的能力，能够在正面出现时喊出反面。
My luck should surely change.
我的运气肯定会改变。
Sometime I should win.
有时候我应该赢。
I have tried to stick.
我曾尝试坚持。
Worked, really did, like thunder for ten years to get that old farm in line...
很有效，真的很有效，十年如雷，让那个老农场恢复正常……
and I have had a crop failure every year.
我每年都会歉收。
Thought I'd change my luck and see [where it's got me]."
我想我应该改变一下运气，看看[它会把我带到哪里]。”
Harry Truman was 33 years old and had failed at everything he had tried.
哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 33 岁，他尝试过的一切都失败了。
But Harry didn't feel sorry for himself for long.
但哈利并没有为自己感到难过太久。
He closed his letter by asking Bess, "Can I come over Tuesday night?
他在信的最后问贝丝：“我周二晚上可以过来吗？
Just remember how crazy I am about you and forget all the rest."
只要记住我对你有多疯狂，然后忘记其他的一切。”
When America went to war in 1917, young men from small towns all across the nation responded with patriotic fervor.
1917 年美国爆发战争时，来自全国各地小镇的年轻人以爱国热情响应。
Harry Truman was one of them.
哈里·杜鲁门就是其中之一。
That spring Harry left the farm in the hands of his mother and sister and joined the army.
那年春天，哈利把农场交给了母亲和姐姐，并参军了。
And at long last, Bess agreed to marry him.
最后，贝丝同意嫁给他。
But now Harry refused.
但现在哈利拒绝了。
"I don't think it would be right for me," he told her, "to ask you to tie yourself to a prospective cripple."
“我认为我不适合，”他告诉她，“让你把自己绑在一个未来的瘸子身上。”
The Great War had already taken the lives of an entire generation of Europe's young men.
第一次世界大战已经夺去了整整一代欧洲年轻人的生命。
One million men died at the Somme.
一百万人死于索姆河。
Nearly another million more at Verdun.
凡尔登又增加了近百万人。
But for Harry, like other raw recruits, war still shimmered with romance.
但对于哈利来说，就像其他新兵一样，战争仍然闪烁着浪漫的光芒。
He later said that he was "stirred by the flame."
他后来说，他“被火焰搅动了”。
"I felt that I was Galahad after the Grail."
“我感觉自己就是圣杯之后的加拉哈德。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: There was no need for Truman to have ever gone to war.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜鲁门没有必要参战。
He was technically blind in one eye.
从技术上来说，他的一只眼睛是盲的。
His eyesight was so bad that he could never have gotten in at all but for the fact that he memorized the eye chart in advance of the examination.
他的视力太差了，要不是考试前熟记了视力表，他根本进不了考场。
But he wanted to go.
但他想去。
He was determined to go.
他决心要走。
Harry had never been to college, never been in a fight in his life, but he earned the rank of captain, was sent to France and given command of four rapid-fire guns and 194 men.
哈利从未上过大学，一生中从未参加过战斗，但他获得了上尉军衔，被派往法国，指挥 4 门速射炮和 194 名士兵。
On the morning of July 11, 1918, Captain Harry Truman introduced himself to the notorious Battery D, a rowdy bunch, mostly Irish from Kansas City, some of the most insubordinate soldiers in the United States Army.
1918 年 7 月 11 日早上，哈里·杜鲁门上尉向臭名昭著的 D 炮台做了自我介绍，这是一群吵闹的人，大部分是来自堪萨斯城的爱尔兰人，是美国陆军中最不服从命令的士兵之一。
"Never," Harry said later, "have I felt so nervous."
“我从来没有这么紧张过，”哈利后来说。
MCKINLEY WOODEN, Battery D: We had been pretty tough bunch.
麦金利·伍登（MCKINLEY WOODEN），Battery D：我们是一群非常坚强的人。
We had got rid of three captains.
我们已经解雇了三名队长。
But the first night he addressed the battery, he says, I didn't come over here to get along with you fellas.
但他说，在他解决电池问题的第一天晚上，我来这里不是为了和你们相处。
You're gonna get along with me.
你会和我和睦相处的。
I said to an Irishman, "What do you think of the new captain." He says "Ninety days, ninety days."
我对一个爱尔兰人说：“你觉得新船长怎么样。”他说：“九十天，九十天。”
"You could see," one of the men remembered, "that he was scared to death."
“你可以看出，”其中一名男子回忆道，“他吓得要死。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: World War I was the crucible for Truman.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：第一次世界大战对杜鲁门来说是严峻的考验。
It was the formative experience of his life.
这是他一生的经历。
It changed everything for him -- changed him.
这改变了他的一切——改变了他。
Changed his understanding of himself.
改变了他对自己的认识。
At the end of August Captain Truman led his men into battle for the first time.
八月底，杜鲁门上尉首次率领他的部队投入战斗。
Battery D opened fire on a company of German soldiers encamped four miles away.
D 连向驻扎在四英里外的一队德国士兵开火。
Before the Germans could return the fire, Truman ordered his men to take a new position, but they couldn't move without the horses to pull the cannons.
在德国人还击之前，杜鲁门命令他的部队采取新的阵地，但如果没有马匹拉动大炮，他们就无法移动。
MCKINLEY WOODEN, Battery D: Harry gave the first sergeant orders to have the horses up at a certain hour.
麦金利·伍登，D连：哈利向第一中士发出命令，让马匹在某个时间站起来。
But the first sergeant was 30 minutes late in getting up there.
但第一中士迟到了30分钟。
We'd have been away from there if he had.
如果他有的话我们就会离开那里。
That's where the trouble started.
这就是麻烦开始的地方。
It was dark and raining when the Germans opened fire.
德国人开火时，天色已黑，还下着雨。
Battery D was trapped, its big guns mired in the mud.
D连被困，其大炮陷入泥沼。
The men panicked -- many ran.
人们惊慌失措——许多人逃跑了。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And Truman is caught in the middle and he sees everybody taking off.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜鲁门夹在中间，他看到每个人都在起飞。
And he stands there and he calls them every name he can think of and he knew a lot of names.
他站在那里，用他能想到的每一个名字称呼他们，他知道很多名字。
You "no good Irish sons of bitches" he hollered and ordered his soldiers to re-group.
他大喊道：“你们这些爱尔兰狗娘养的都不是好东西”，并命令他的士兵重新集结。
The men, stunned by his rage, inspired by his courage, did as they were told.
这些人被他的愤怒震惊了，被他的勇气所鼓舞，照他说的做了。
Through the dark and rain, Truman marched them out of danger.
杜鲁门冒着黑夜和雨，带领他们脱离了危险。
"Dear Bess, The men think I am not much afraid of shells.
“亲爱的贝丝，人们认为我不太害怕炮弹。
But they don't know I was too scared to run..."
但他们不知道我太害怕而不敢逃跑……”
Battery D had escaped without a single casualty.
D号电池成功逃脱，没有造成任何人员伤亡。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And they thereafter saw him differently.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：此后他们对他有了不同的看法。
Because he had stood his ground.
因为他已经坚持了自己的立场。
And after a while they began to realize that this fellow with the eyeglasses and the bank clerk look about him was in fact a man of real determination.
过了一会儿，他们开始意识到，这个戴着眼镜、看上去像银行职员的家伙实际上是一个真正有决心的人。
"Captain Harry," the men decided, was good luck.
“哈利船长，”人们断定，祝你好运。
"We have a captain," one soldier wrote his father, "who cannot be beat."
“我们有一位队长，”一名士兵写信给他的父亲，“他是不可战胜的。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He was about as unheroic in his eyeglasses as one could be.
大卫·麦卡洛（DAVID MCCULLOUGH），传记作者：戴上眼镜后，他显得非常没有英雄气概。
But there is a photograph of him that is on his I.D.
但他的身份证上有一张他的照片。
card.
卡。
And he has his glasses off and you look at that photograph and you see the strength.
他摘下眼镜，你看着那张照片，你就会看到他的力量。
You see what a rugged character he is.
可见他的性格是多么的粗犷。
Harry Vaughan once said that, "if you want to understand Harry Truman you have to understand that he is one tough son of a bitch of a man." And if you look at that picture, you can see the iron.
哈里·沃恩曾经说过：“如果你想了解哈里·杜鲁门，你就必须了解他是一个强硬的混蛋。”如果你看那张照片，你可以看到铁。
You can see what his men must have recognized and understood.
你可以看出他的手下一定已经认识和理解了什么。
At night, Harry would sit and stare at a photograph he brought with him to Europe.
晚上，哈利会坐下来盯着他带到欧洲的一张照片。
"Dear Bess, I have two breast pockets in my blouse.
“亲爱的贝丝，我的衬衫上有两个胸袋。
Naturally you can guess whose picture stays in the left hand one...
当然你也能猜到左手的照片是谁的……
It has never left me...
它从未离开过我...
nor will it ever.
也永远不会。
I have looked at it many, many times and imagined that you were there in spirit, as I knew you were, and it helped a lot...
我看了很多很多次，想象你的精神在那里，正如我所知道的那样，这很有帮助......
I hope you have a most happy birthday and that you will never see another one without me to help celebrate and then may they go on without end..."
我希望你有一个最快乐的生日，如果没有我的帮助，你再也见不到另一个生日了，然后愿他们永无止境地继续下去……”
By November, the war to end all wars was over.
到了十一月，结束一切战争的战争结束了。
Captain Truman and the boys from Battery D had seen some of the bloodiest fighting in American history.
杜鲁门上尉和 D 炮台的男孩们目睹了美国历史上最血腥的战斗。
"Dear Bess, You know I have succeeded at doing what was my greatest ambition to do at the beginning of the war.
“亲爱的贝丝，你知道我已经成功地实现了战争开始时我最大的抱负。
That is to take a Battery through and not lose a man.
那就是要击垮炮台而不失去一个人。
We fired some 10,000 rounds at Heinie and were shelled ourselves time and again but never did the Hun score a hit on me."
我们向海尼发射了大约 10,000 发子弹，我们一次又一次地遭到炮击，但匈奴却从未击中我。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman's wartime service was awfully important to him because it was the greatest success he had had in his life up 'till that point.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门的战时服役对他来说非常重要，因为这是他迄今为止一生中取得的最大成功。
He comes out of it having established himself as a leader of men.
他走出困境，确立了自己作为人类领袖的地位。
That's something he never could have said about himself at any point earlier in his life.
这是他在生命早期的任何时候都无法对自己说的话。
In January, 1919 Harry watched as President Woodrow Wilson arrived in Paris to a tumultuous reception.
1919 年 1 月，哈利目睹伍德罗·威尔逊总统抵达巴黎并受到热烈欢迎。
World leaders were gathering to ensure a lasting peace, empires had fallen, the map of Europe was about to be re-drawn, but Harry Truman simply wanted to go back to Missouri.
世界领导人齐聚一堂，以确保持久和平，帝国已经垮台，欧洲地图即将重新绘制，但哈里·杜鲁门只想回到密苏里州。
"For my part," he wrote, "I don't give a whoop whether there's a League of Nations or whether Russia has a Red government or a Purple one and if the President of the Czecho-slovaks wants to pry the throne from under the King of Bohemia, let him pry, but send us home.
“就我而言，”他写道，“我不在乎是否存在国际联盟，也不在乎俄罗斯是否有红色政府或紫色政府，如果捷克斯洛伐克总统想从波西米亚国王手中夺取王位，就让他撬吧，但要送我们回家。
But it would be months before the army would let Harry go back to Missouri.
但几个月后，军队才会让哈利返回密苏里州。
He toured France, saw the Riviera and Paris -- the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, the Folies Bergere.
他游览了法国，参观了里维埃拉和巴黎——埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、游乐厅。
Forty years later Harry would remember it as "disgusting." At the time he wrote that it was what you'd expect to see in Kansas City -- "only more so."
四十年后，哈利记得这件事“令人恶心”。当时他写道，这正是你所期望在堪萨斯城看到的——“甚至更多”。
Seven weeks after returning home, on June 28, 1919, a day so hot the flowers in the chapel wilted, Harry Truman married Bess Wallace at tiny Trinity Episcopal Church in Independence.
回国七周后，1919 年 6 月 28 日，天气炎热，教堂里的花朵都枯萎了，哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 在独立城的小型三一圣公会教堂与贝丝·华莱士 (Bess Wallace) 结婚。
Harry was 35.
哈利 35 岁。
Twenty-nine years had passed since he had first seen Bess in Sunday School -- eight years since he'd first proposed.
自从他在主日学校第一次见到贝丝以来，已经过去了二十九年——距离他第一次求婚已经过去了八年。
He had never dated another woman.
他从未与其他女人约会过。
One of Truman's men from Battery D wrote him, "I hope you have the same success in this new war as you had in the old."
杜鲁门在 D 炮台的一名手下写信给他说：“我希望你在这场新战争中取得与旧战争中一样的成功。”
After a honeymoon on the Great Lakes, Harry moved all of his belongings into his mother-in-law's house.
在五大湖度完蜜月后，哈利把他所有的物品搬进了岳母的房子。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: I think it was very important to Bess that he was willing to live with her obligations to Mrs. Wallace and absolutely live with Mrs. Wallace who was an awfully hard person to live with.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：我认为对贝丝来说非常重要的是，他愿意承担她对华莱士夫人的义务，并绝对与华莱士夫人一起生活，她是一个非常难以相处的人。
Harry spent much of his adult life almost being a punching bag for her.
哈利成年后的大部分时间几乎都成了她的出气筒。
He never talked back to her.
他从来不跟她顶嘴。
He forced himself to think only the nicest thoughts about her, at least as far as anything that's ever been recorded.
他强迫自己只去想关于她最好的想法，至少是有记录以来的想法。
Although his new bride assured him the situation was temporary, Harry would live with Bess' family for the next 15 years.
尽管他的新婚新娘向他保证这种情况只是暂时的，但哈利将在接下来的 15 年里与贝丝的家人住在一起。
In 1919, as America celebrated the end of World War I, Harry Truman was just another soldier in search of a job.
1919 年，当美国庆祝第一次世界大战结束时，哈里·杜鲁门只是另一名正在寻找工作的士兵。
Eddie Jacobson -- Harry's old army buddy -- was out of work too.
哈利的老军友埃迪·雅各布森也失业了。
Eddie suggested they go into business together in downtown Kansas City.
埃迪建议他们一起去堪萨斯城市中心做生意。
Just before Christmas, they opened up a little haberdashery on 12th Street selling "gents furnishings." Kansas City had grown famous for its soul stirring jazz.
圣诞节前夕，他们在第 12 街开了一家小百货店，出售“男士家具”。堪萨斯城以其激动人心的爵士乐而闻名。
Harry didn't take much to the music, never even learned to dance, but jazz made the downtown swing -- and that was good for business.
哈利对音乐不太感兴趣，甚至从未学过跳舞，但爵士乐让市中心摇摆不定——这对生意有好处。
Everybody seemed to have money to spend.
每个人似乎都有钱可花。
"We sold shirts at 16 dollars," Eddie remembered.
“我们以 16 美元的价格出售衬衫，”埃迪回忆道。
RUTH GRUBER, Jacobson Family Friend: Harry was the salesman, and Eddie was the buyer.
露丝·格鲁伯（RUTH GRUBER），雅各布森家庭朋友：哈利是推销员，埃迪是买家。
They really understood each other in the business.
他们在业务上非常了解彼此。
There were no conflicts.
没有发生冲突。
And they were good buddies.
他们是好哥们。
They played poker every Saturday night.
他们每周六晚上都打扑克。
Truman called Eddie you bald-headed SOB.
杜鲁门骂埃迪是个秃头混蛋。
They were cut from the same Midwestern cloth...
它们是用同样的中西部布料剪裁而成的......
except that the religious background was not the same.
只是宗教背景不一样。
Eddie Jacobson was Jewish, born on New York City's lower east side.
埃迪·雅各布森是犹太人，出生于纽约市下东区。
Although Harry and Eddie were friends, Harry couldn't bring Eddie home for dinner -- Bess' mother objected.
尽管哈利和埃迪是朋友，但哈利不能带埃迪回家吃晚饭——贝丝的母亲反对。
Harry and Eddie made a good team.
哈利和埃迪是一对很好的搭档。
They worked hard -- from eight in the morning to nine at night -- but the little haberdashery struggled.
他们努力工作——从早上八点一直干到晚上九点——但这家小百货店却举步维艰。
And in 1922, after just two years, caught in a post-war recession, it went under.
1922 年，仅仅两年后，该公司就陷入了战后经济衰退，破产了。
Harry was 38 and deep in debt.
哈里当时 38 岁，负债累累。
"Went into business all enthusiastic," he wrote.
“满怀热情地进入商界，”他写道。
"Lost all I had and all I could borrow." Feeling "fairly blue."
“失去了我拥有的一切和我能借到的一切。”感觉“相当忧郁”。
Harry was facing failure once again, but his luck was finally about to change.
哈利再次面临失败，但他的运气终于要改变了。
Old army pal Jim Pendergast thought Truman's war record would make him a good candidate for political office and put in a call to his uncle Tom.
老军友吉姆·彭德加斯特认为杜鲁门的战争记录将使他成为政治职位的良好候选人，并给他的叔叔汤姆打了电话。
Tom Pendergast was a raw-boned, thick-necked, spat-wearing Irishman.
汤姆·彭德加斯特是个骨瘦如柴、脖子粗、穿着口水服的爱尔兰人。
Crass and colorful, Pendergast was a hard drinker and a reckless gambler.
彭德加斯特粗鲁而多姿多彩，是个酗酒者和鲁莽的赌徒。
In time, he would lose, some said, six million dollars on the ponies.
有人说，随着时间的推移，他会在小马身上损失六百万美元。
But he knew how to win at politics.
但他知道如何在政治上获胜。
A tough, backstage operator, he would build a political machine so strong and control it with such an iron grip that one day pundits would call Kansas City "Tom's Town."
作为一名强硬的后台操纵者，他将建立一个如此强大的政治机器，并以铁腕般的方式控制它，以至于有一天专家们将堪萨斯城称为“汤姆镇”。
Pendergast made money selling the county concrete and real estate -- monopolizing the market and lining his pockets with lucrative kickbacks.
彭德加斯特通过出售县里的混凝土和房地产赚钱，垄断了市场，并通过丰厚的回扣中饱私囊。
But in Kansas City in the 20s there were many ways to get rich.
但二十世纪二十年代的堪萨斯城有很多致富的方法。
Gambling, bootleg liquor, prostitution, narcotics -- Pendergast was into all of it.
赌博、私酒、卖淫、毒品——彭德加斯特都沉迷其中。
He was deeply involved in the Kansas City rackets, and manipulated Jackson county politics.
他深入参与堪萨斯城的诈骗活动，并操纵杰克逊县的政治。
In 1922, when Pendergast needed someone to stand for county commissioner, or judge as the position was called, Pendergast chose war hero Harry Truman.
1922 年，当彭德加斯特需要有人担任县专员（或称法官）时，彭德加斯特选择了战争英雄哈里·杜鲁门。
Harry saw his chance, and without hesitation, grabbed it.
哈利看到了机会，毫不犹豫地抓住了它。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: Pendergast turned to Truman to sort of perfume the Pendergast machine by getting a person who had integrity, who also had strong support among veterans of WWI.
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：彭德加斯特向杜鲁门求助，希望找到一位正直、在第一次世界大战退伍军人中也得到大力支持的人，为彭德加斯特机器注入香水。
But Pendergast did not yet control all of Jackson county.
但彭德加斯特尚未控制整个杰克逊县。
Harry would have to campaign hard, and he was green.
哈利必须努力竞选，而他还很新手。
He counted on Pendergast, his war record, and the boys from Battery D.
他指望彭德加斯特、他的战争记录以及 D 炮台的男孩们。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He was pathetic as a speaker.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：作为一名演讲者，他很可怜。
He could hardly express himself at all.
他几乎无法表达自己的意思。
And his pals from the army all went out and campaigned hard for him.
他的军中战友也纷纷出动，为他奋战。
And they would cheer at every rally and they would try and whip up excitement for their beloved Captain Harry.
他们会在每次集会上欢呼，并努力为他们心爱的哈利船长激发兴奋。
And at one point they decided it would be dramatic if Truman arrived by plane.
他们一度认为，如果杜鲁门乘飞机抵达，那将是戏剧性的。
So they got a World War I bi-plane, and one of the army pals flew the plane, Truman came sailing through the air, landed, climbed out of the plane, staggered across the field, violently ill, to a fence where he threw up in front of everybody, and that was sort of his first great entrance as a politician.
于是他们得到了一架第一次世界大战时期的双翼飞机，一位陆军战友驾驶着这架飞机，杜鲁门在空中航行，着陆，爬出飞机，摇摇晃晃地穿过田野，病得很重，来到栅栏前，在所有人面前吐了出来，这可以说是他作为政治家的第一次伟大出场。
His speeches were blunt, his voice flat, his style coarse, even crude.
他说话生硬，声音平淡，风格粗俗，甚至粗俗。
But he liked politicking with the people of Jackson county -- the talk, the jokes, the camaraderie.
但他喜欢与杰克逊县的人民一起参与政治——谈话、笑话和友情。
He was tireless and energetic -- and he won -- by just 279 votes.
他不知疲倦、精力充沛，最终以 279 票的优势获胜。
He would be elected two more times in the next 10 years.
在接下来的10年里，他将再当选两次。
After years of drift and failure, Harry Truman had finally settled into a career.
经过多年的漂泊和失败，哈里·杜鲁门终于开始了自己的职业生涯。
County Commissioner was a big job.
县专员是一项艰巨的任务。
Harry was responsible for 700 employees and seven million dollars a year.
Harry 负责管理 700 名员工，每年赚取 700 万美元。
WALT BODINE, Journalist: He was famous at that time for being a builder, and he built some great highways in Jackson County.
沃尔特·博丁（Walt Bodine），记者：他当时以建筑商而闻名，他在杰克逊县建造了一些伟大的高速公路。
That was at a time when they used to say of Missouri, "Stay out of Missouri and stay out of the mud."
那时，他们常常这样评价密苏里州：“远离密苏里州，远离泥沼。”
Truman loved the job -- the power, the prestige, the chance to do good things.
杜鲁门热爱这份工作——权力、声望、做好事的机会。
He worked with Irish and Italian Catholics, and black community leaders, slowly moving away from small town prejudices.
他与爱尔兰和意大利天主教徒以及黑人社区领袖合作，慢慢摆脱小镇偏见。
He earned a reputation for efficiency, honesty, won the respect of the newspapers.
他以高效、诚实赢得了声誉，赢得了报纸的尊重。
But he could not win the praise of Bess' mother, who disapproved of politics.
但他无法赢得贝丝母亲的赞扬，她不赞成政治。
But Harry never complained.
但哈利从未抱怨过。
His life had at last found direction.
他的人生终于找到了方向。
In 1924, Margaret, his first and only child, was born.
1924 年，他的第一个也是唯一的孩子玛格丽特出生。
Harry was nearly 40, with a daughter he adored, a wife he dearly loved, and dozens of friends.
哈利已经快四十岁了，有一个他深爱的女儿，一个他深爱的妻子，还有几十个朋友。
He joined the Elks, the Masons, the American Legion, the American Veterans of Foreign Wars, the International Acquaintance league, and spent every Monday night in a backroom over a bank playing poker.
他加入了麋鹿队、共济会、美国退伍军人协会、美国对外战争退伍军人协会、国际熟人联盟，并且每周一晚上都在银行的密室里玩扑克。
But he was troubled.
但他却很烦恼。
Brought up to honor the difference between right and wrong, Harry found it more and more difficult to deal with the man to whom he owed his job.
哈利从小就接受尊重是非之分的教育，他发现与这个他工作的人打交道越来越困难。
By 1930, Tom Pendergast dominated Kansas City politics while his involvement in Kansas City racketeering had become even more unsavory.
到 1930 年，汤姆·彭德加斯特 (Tom Pendergast) 主导了堪萨斯城的政治，而他参与堪萨斯城的敲诈勒索活动则变得更加令人厌恶。
The ruthless gangster Johnny Lazia was his lieutenant.
冷酷无情的黑帮约翰尼·拉齐亚是他的副官。
Kansas City became notorious for shoot-outs, arson, kidnappings.
堪萨斯城因枪战、纵火、绑架而臭名昭著。
Harry had nothing to do with mobsters, but he turned his back while Pendergast skimmed millions in public money.
哈利与黑帮没有任何关系，但当彭德加斯特盗取数百万公共资金时，他背弃了他。
Torn between loyalty to Pendergast and his own self-respect, he began suffering from acute headaches, dizziness, insomnia.
他在对彭德加斯特的忠诚和自己的自尊之间左右为难，开始遭受剧烈头痛、头晕和失眠的困扰。
Pendergast demanded that Harry rig county contracts, Harry insisted on fair bidding.
彭德加斯特要求哈利钻取县合同，哈利坚持公平竞标。
His honor, he said, was at stake.
他说，他的荣誉受到威胁。
Pendergast told Harry his honor wasn't worth a pinch of snuff.
彭德加斯特告诉哈利，他的荣誉根本不值一提。
Harry's anxiety grew so great that he quietly took a room at a hotel in downtown Kansas City, and poured out his troubles on pages he kept, but would never show anyone.
哈利的焦虑变得如此之大，以至于他悄悄地在堪萨斯城市中心的一家酒店订了一个房间，并在他保留的页面上倾诉了他的烦恼，但永远不会向任何人展示。
"Am I just a crook," he wrote, "to compromise in order to get the job done...?"
“我只是一个骗子吗？”他写道，“为了完成工作而妥协……？”
"I wonder if I did right...
“我想知道我做得对吗......
[I saved $3,500,000] but I had to put a lot of no good sons of bitches on the payroll and pay other sons of bitches more money for supplies than they were worth in order to satisfy the political powers.
[我节省了 3,500,000 美元]，但为了满足政治权力，我不得不给很多不合格的狗娘养的人发工资，并支付给其他狗娘养的比他们本身价值更多的钱。
I believe I did do right."
我相信我做对了。”
Harry refused to condemn Pendergast himself: "He owned a bawdy house, a saloon and gambling establishment," Harry wrote, "but he's all man."
哈利拒绝谴责彭德加斯特本人：“他拥有一所淫荡的房子、一家酒吧和赌场，”哈利写道，“但他也是个男人。”
Harry did agree to give county jobs to machine loyalists, relatives, and friends, but he resolved never to take a bribe or a kickback himself.
哈利确实同意将县里的工作交给机器忠诚者、亲戚和朋友，但他决心自己永远不会接受贿赂或回扣。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman accepted his association with the Pendergasts as the price he had to pay to be in politics -- not unlike, one might say, accepting living with Madge Wallace and in his mother-in-law's house as the price he had to pay to marry Bess.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：杜鲁门接受了与彭德加斯特家族的联系，作为他从政所必须付出的代价——有人可能会说，这与接受与马奇·华莱士一起生活并住在他岳母的房子里作为他娶贝丝所必须付出的代价没有什么不同。
In 1932, when Harry went with Pendergast to the Democratic convention in Chicago, he saw Franklin Roosevelt for the first time.
1932年，当哈利和彭德加斯特一起去芝加哥参加民主党大会时，他第一次见到了富兰克林·罗斯福。
Give me your help in this crusade to restore America to its own people.
请在这场为美国人民恢复美国的十字军东征中提供帮助。
In accepting his party's nomination, the 51-year-old Roosevelt achieved a lifelong ambition.
51岁的罗斯福在接受党内提名后实现了毕生的抱负。
Harry S.
哈里·S。
Truman was 48, unknown outside of Missouri.
杜鲁门 48 岁，在密苏里州以外的地方默默无闻。
Now for the first time, he began to reveal his own ambitions.
现在，他第一次开始透露自己的野心。
He let it be known that he wanted to run for Governor, or Congress.
他公开表示他想竞选州长或国会议员。
But Pendergast had other candidates in mind.
但彭德加斯特心中还有其他候选人。
Then, in 1934, when Pendergast was looking for a new Senator, some of the boss' aides recommended Harry.
1934 年，当彭德加斯特寻找新参议员时，老板的一些助手推荐了哈利。
"Do you mean to tell me," Pendergast bellowed, "you actually believe that Harry Truman can be elected to the United States Senate?"
“你的意思是告诉我，”彭德加斯特吼道，“你真的相信哈里·杜鲁门可以当选为美国参议员吗？”
After three other men turned him down, Pendergast settled for Harry Truman and backed him in the Missouri primary.
在另外三名男子拒绝后，彭德加斯特最终选择了哈里·杜鲁门，并在密苏里州初选中支持他。
Truman's opponents called him Pendergast's bellhop.
杜鲁门的对手称他为彭德加斯特的侍者。
The election turned on Kansas City, where Pendergast made certain that Truman got all but 11,000 of its 148,000 votes.
选举的对手是堪萨斯城，彭德加斯特确保杜鲁门在堪萨斯城获得了 148,000 票中除了 11,000 票之外的所有选票。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: Pendergast actually stuffed the ballot boxes with illegal votes and people that weren't registered.
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：彭德加斯特实际上在投票箱里塞满了非法选票和未登记的人。
The new United States Senator from Missouri was 50 years old -- and had never been to Washington for more than a few days.
这位来自密苏里州的新任美国参议员今年 50 岁，从来没有去过华盛顿超过几天。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: So off he goes to Washington and Tom Pendergast's parting words to the new Senator from Missouri are, "Keep your mouth shut and answer your mail." And he arrives in Washington with a shadow over him, a cloud over him as the "Senator from Pendergast." And there are certain senators who won't even speak to him because he has such a stigma attached to him.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他去了华盛顿，汤姆·彭德加斯特对密苏里州新参议员的临别赠言是：“闭嘴，回复邮件。”当他到达华盛顿时，他身上笼罩着一层阴影，“来自彭德加斯特的参议员”的阴云笼罩着他。有些参议员甚至不愿意和他说话，因为他身上有这样的耻辱。
Harry, Bess, and Margaret settled into the nation's capital, moving into an inexpensive, four-room apartment.
哈利、贝丝和玛格丽特定居在国家首都，搬进一套廉价的四居室公寓。
But Bess wasn't happy there.
但贝丝在那里并不开心。
She lasted just five months before she returned to Independence.
她只坚持了五个月就返回了独立。
Her mother wanted her home.
她的母亲想要她回家。
She and Margaret shuttled back and forth to Washington, where the Trumans rented one small apartment after another.
她和玛格丽特往返于华盛顿，杜鲁门夫妇在那里租了一套又一套的小公寓。
Throughout Harry's years in the Senate, Bess spent much of her time in Independence, leaving Senator Truman heartsick and lonely.
哈里在参议院任职期间，贝丝大部分时间都在独立党度过，这让杜鲁门参议员感到伤心和孤独。
Dear Bess, I've been wandering around like a lost soul this morning...It's a wrench to be without you.
亲爱的贝丝，今天早上我像一个迷失的灵魂一样四处游荡……没有你真是一种痛苦。
I never missed you so much before...
我以前从未如此想念过你...
Dear Bess, Your card was a lifesaver this morning.
亲爱的贝丝，你的卡今天早上救了我一命。
I never in my life spent such a lonesome night.
我一生中从未度过过如此孤独的夜晚。
Dear Bess, Your letter came on the second mail so everything is all right...
亲爱的贝丝，你的信是在第二封邮件中寄来的，所以一切都很好......
Dear Bess, Your letter was in the first mail
亲爱的贝丝，你的信在第一封邮件中
Dear Bess, I do wish you'd let me hear at least every other day.
亲爱的贝丝，我真希望你至少每隔一天让我听一次。
Dear Bess, Dreamed about you last night.
亲爱的贝丝，昨晚梦见了你。
Thought we were going through a flood together.
以为我们正在一起经历洪水。
We got through without disaster.
我们平安度过了难关。
The weather has been fine.
天气一直很好。
Dear Bess, It was good to hear your voice last night, but not half as good as really seeing and talking to you --
亲爱的贝丝，昨晚听到你的声音真好，但还不如真正看到你并与你交谈好一半——
Dear Bess, I was so lonesome last night...even if my combination of words makes you sick sometimes...
亲爱的贝丝，昨晚我是如此孤独……即使我的组合有时让你感到恶心……
Dear Bess, Happy Birthday!...If your dress doesn't fit you send it back and we'll get a larger one.
亲爱的贝丝，生日快乐！...如果您的衣服不合身，请将其寄回，我们会买一件更大的。
Dear Bess, You don't know how much I appreciated the letter that came in the morning's mail.
亲爱的贝丝，你不知道我有多感激早上寄来的这封信。
I was so devilishly homesick...I could see you standing out there in the yard watching me drive away and I don't think you kissed me goodbye...
我非常想家......我可以看到你站在院子里看着我开车离开，我不认为你吻别我......
It would be years before Senator Truman gained enough confidence to work himself out from under Pendergast's shadow.
杜鲁门参议员花了很多年才获得足够的信心，从彭德加斯特的阴影下走出来。
"He came in," a friend remembered, "with a real inferiority complex."
“他进来时，”一位朋友回忆道，“带着一种真正的自卑感。”
"I was as timid," Truman later wrote, "as a country boy arriving on the campus of a great university."
杜鲁门后来写道：“我就像一个来到一所伟大大学校园的乡村男孩一样胆怯。”
With America caught in the grips of the Depression -- Truman fell in line with Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs.
随着美国陷入大萧条，杜鲁门与富兰克林·罗斯福的新政计划保持一致。
He called Roosevelt "the greatest of the greats."
他称罗斯福为“伟人中最伟大的人”。
But Roosevelt himself had no use for the junior Senator from Missouri.
但罗斯福本人对这位来自密苏里州的资浅参议员没有用处。
It took five months before the White House summoned Truman for a 15 minute meeting.
五个月后，白宫才召集杜鲁门举行一次 15 分钟的会议。
After just seven minutes, Truman was shown the door.
仅仅七分钟后，杜鲁门就被带出门了。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Roosevelt would have nothing to do with him.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：罗斯福不会与他有任何关系。
Roosevelt really gave him the back of his hand.
罗斯福确实给了他支持。
People on the White House staff gave him the back of their hands.
白宫工作人员对他表示支持。
He couldn't get appointments.
他无法获得预约。
He wasn't somebody that they took very seriously.
他不是他们非常重视的人。
Truman sat for months in the Senate Chamber without making a single speech.
杜鲁门在参议院坐了几个月，没有发表任何讲话。
He was known as "Go-along, get-along Harry."
他被称为“随和、随和的哈利”。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He has to prove to the people in the Senate, that he's somebody to be taken seriously, that he's a hard worker and that he's honest and that he's going to do the job.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：他必须向参议院的人们证明，他是一个值得认真对待的人，他是一个勤奋的人，他是诚实的，他会做好这项工作。
And he gave it everything he had.
他给了它他所拥有的一切。
He would work longer days, harder days than anybody.
他会比任何人工作更长的时间、更辛苦的日子。
He was in there before anybody showed up.
在任何人出现之前他就已经在那里了。
He was assigned to committees and he would show up when nobody else would show up for dreary committee sessions and dreary committee hearings, very often the only one there listening to hours and hours of deadly testimony about deadly subjects, but he was going to do the job.
他被分配到委员会，当没有其他人出席沉闷的委员会会议和沉闷的委员会听证会时，他就会出现，通常是唯一一个在那里聆听数小时关于致命主题的致命证词的人，但他会完成这项工作。
He was going to learn the business.
他要去学习生意。
And, as time went by, in a matter of about three or four years, they began to realize what kind of a fellow they had on their hands.
随着时间的推移，大约三四年后，他们开始意识到自己手上的这个家伙是什么样的人。
Slowly, Truman began to prove himself.
慢慢地，杜鲁门开始证明自己。
But even as he became more and more independent, he remained loyal to Tom Pendergast.
但即使他变得越来越独立，他仍然忠于汤姆·彭德加斯特。
He kept a framed portrait of the Missouri Boss in his office, even though Pendergast was in trouble.
尽管彭德加斯特遇到了麻烦，他还是在办公室里保留了一幅密苏里州老板的镶框肖像。
Pendergast was seriously ill, his gambling out of control, his debts in the millions.
彭德加斯特病重，赌博失控，负债数百万。
In 1939, a grand jury indicted him for tax evasion.
1939年，大陪审团以逃税罪起诉他。
Convicted, he was sentenced to prison for 15 months and banned from politics for five years.
他被定罪，被判处 15 个月监禁，并禁止从政 5 年。
The scandal tainted Truman and it couldn't have come at a worse time -- in 1940, he was up for re-election.
这起丑闻玷污了杜鲁门，而且它发生的时机再糟糕不过了——1940 年，他正准备连任。
His opponents derided him as a fraudulent Senator, elected by ghost votes -- a Pendergast lackey.
他的对手嘲笑他是一位欺诈性的参议员，是通过幽灵选票选出的——彭德加斯特的走狗。
Truman tried to convince voters that President Roosevelt supported him, but Roosevelt never did.
杜鲁门试图让选民相信罗斯福总统支持他，但罗斯福从未这样做。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Roosevelt wanted to distance himself from Harry Truman.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：罗斯福想与哈里·杜鲁门保持距离。
Roosevelt considered Truman an embarrassment to the Democratic party.
罗斯福认为杜鲁门让民主党蒙羞。
Without the support of the President, or Pendergast, Truman had to go it alone.
没有总统或彭德加斯特的支持，杜鲁门不得不单干。
Most observers didn't give him a chance.
大多数观察家没有给他机会。
But he never gave up.
但他从未放弃。
And eked out a narrow victory -- he won by just 8,000 votes.
最终以微弱优势获胜——仅以 8,000 票之差获胜。
Truman returned to the Senate his own man, but he would remain a backbencher, until once again, a war would reveal his strength as a leader -- and catapult him into the limelight.
杜鲁门让自己的人回到参议院，但他仍将是一名后座议员，直到战争再次展现他作为领导人的实力，并使他成为众人瞩目的焦点。
1940 -- Nazi armies swept across Europe.
1940年——纳粹军队横扫欧洲。
Great Britain was under attack.
英国受到攻击。
The United States wasn't in it yet, but America was getting ready.
美国还没有参与其中，但美国已经做好了准备。
Building planes, munitions, tanks, army camps...Back in Washington, Truman was receiving complaints about waste, mismanagement, and even fraud, and all by himself, he decided to look into it.
建造飞机、弹药、坦克、军营……回到华盛顿，杜鲁门收到了有关浪费、管理不善、甚至欺诈的投诉，他决定亲自调查此事。
WILBUR SPARKS, Truman Investigating Committee: Without letting anybody in his party know what he was doing, he decided to go see for himself.
威尔伯·斯帕克斯，杜鲁门调查委员会：在不让党内任何人知道他在做什么的情况下，他决定亲自去看看。
And he took a long automobile drive...
他开了很长一段车......
as I recall, he drove a dirty old Dodge in those days.
我记得当时他开的是一辆脏兮兮的旧道奇车。
And he climbed in his Dodge, drove south.
他爬上他的道奇车，向南行驶。
He must have had a list of camps that were being built...And wherever he went, he stopped in one of these.
他一定有一份正在建造的营地清单……无论他走到哪里，他都会在其中一个营地停下来。
He went in and started asking questions.
他进去开始问问题。
Nobody ever asked him who he was or why he was asking these questions.
没有人问过他是谁，也没有人问过他为什么问这些问题。
He'd talk to workers.
他会和工人交谈。
He'd talk to foremen.
他会和工头谈话。
"There were hundreds of men," he said, "just standing around collecting their pay, doing nothing."
“有数百人，”他说，“只是站在那里领取工资，什么也不做。”
WILBUR SPARKS, Truman Investigating Committee: He saw big piles of lumber just lying there.
威尔伯·斯帕克斯，杜鲁门调查委员会：他看到大堆木材就躺在那里。
Nobody was using it.
没有人使用它。
Trucks standing still and rusting.
卡车静止不动，生锈。
Congress had authorized more than 10 billion dollars for defense contracts in just six months.
国会在短短六个月内就批准了超过 100 亿美元的国防合同。
From his own highly personal investigation, Truman feared the money was being squandered.
杜鲁门根据自己高度个人化的调查，担心这笔钱被浪费了。
On February 10, 1941, Senator Truman proposed the formation of a committee to investigate the entire national Defense Program.
1941 年 2 月 10 日，杜鲁门参议员提议成立一个委员会来调查整个国防计划。
WILBUR SPARKS, Truman Investigating Committee: The White House didn't like the idea at all.
威尔伯·斯帕克斯，杜鲁门调查委员会：白宫根本不喜欢这个主意。
They didn't want anybody poking into what they were doing, but they thought that at the outset that they could probably control Harry Truman and that he would do just about anything the leadership of the Senate wanted him to do.
他们不想让任何人窥探他们在做什么，但他们认为从一开始他们就可以控制哈里·杜鲁门，而且他会做参议院领导层希望他做的任何事情。
On December 8th America went to war.
12 月 8 日，美国爆发战争。
Truman was all at once thrust center stage.
杜鲁门立刻成为舞台中央。
Labeled as the lackey of one of the most corrupt bosses in America, he would now move to stamp out corruption in the largest war machine ever assembled.
他被贴上了美国最腐败老板之一的走狗的标签，现在他将采取行动，铲除有史以来最大的战争机器中的腐败。
Truman took on the most powerful men in America, and the country's largest industries -- steel, aluminum, rubber, airplanes.
杜鲁门与美国最有权势的人物以及美国最大的工业——钢铁、铝、橡胶、飞机——展开较量。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He had a distrust of big business, a distrust of Wall Street and he went after the people who were really selling shoddy goods or doing things that were clearly unpatriotic...
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他对大企业、华尔街不信任，他追捕那些真正销售伪劣商品或做明显不爱国之事的人……
WILBUR SPARKS, Truman Investigating Committee: In a hearing he showed absolutely no fear.
威尔伯·斯帕克斯，杜鲁门调查委员会：在听证会上，他完全没有表现出恐惧。
He made it clear that he meant business.
他明确表示他是认真的。
He was not afraid to say anything to anybody.
他不害怕对任何人说任何话。
He was feared.
他很害怕。
The committee investigating the national defense program has found waste, inefficiency, mismanagement and profiteering.
调查国防计划的委员会发现了浪费、效率低下、管理不善和牟取暴利的情况。
He questioned witnesses relentlessly, attacking them for bad planning, sloppy administration, graft.
他无情地询问证人，攻击他们计划不周、管理草率、贪污受贿。
His reputation soared.
他的声誉飙升。
The committee became known as the Truman Committee.
该委员会后来被称为杜鲁门委员会。
He personally saved the nation billions of dollars.
他个人为国家节省了数十亿美元。
Reporters named him one of the ten most valuable men in Washington.
记者将他评为华盛顿十大最有价值的人物之一。
"The sudden emergence of Harry Truman in the Senate," Time magazine wrote, "is a queer accident of democracy."
《时代》杂志写道：“哈里·杜鲁门突然出现在参议院，是民主的一个奇怪的意外。”
Even President Roosevelt wanted some of the credit: "Yes, Yes," Roosevelt said, "I put him in charge of that war investigating committee, didn't I?"
就连罗斯福总统也想获得一些荣誉：“是的，是的，”罗斯福说，“我让他负责那个战争调查委员会，不是吗？”
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: Here was one of the products of one of the most corrupt political machines in the nation...
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：这是美国最腐败的政治机器之一的产品之一......
the Pendergast machine....
彭德加斯特机器......
yet he was able to rise above it.
但他能够超越它。
And that's one of the remarkable things about Harry Truman.
这是哈里·杜鲁门的非凡之处之一。
At last, Truman had found a home in the Senate.
杜鲁门终于在参议院安身立命。
Popular, nationally known, he became an insider, a respected member of one of the most powerful clubs in America.
他很受欢迎，全国闻名，成为美国最强大的俱乐部之一的内部人士和受人尊敬的成员。
His private life, too, had settled into a comfortable routine.
他的私生活也已经步入舒适的轨道。
Margaret Truman -- "Miss Skinny," Harry liked to call her -- had begun singing lessons and was already talking of a singing career.
玛格丽特·杜鲁门——哈利喜欢称呼她为“瘦小姐”——已经开始上歌唱课，并且已经开始谈论歌唱事业。
He looked always, his daughter said, as if he had just stepped from a bandbox.
他女儿说，他看起来总是像刚从乐队盒子里走出来一样。
His suits were always cleaned and pressed, his style immaculate.
他的西装总是经过清洗和熨烫，他的风格完美无瑕。
To Bess, he remained completely devoted.
对于贝丝，他始终忠心耿耿。
"Dear Bess, Well, I doubt you will remember it, but tomorrow is an anniversary of vital importance....
“亲爱的贝丝，嗯，我怀疑你会记得它，但明天是一个至关重要的周年纪念日......
23 years have been extremely short and for me altogether most happy ones....
23年对于我来说非常短暂，但却是最幸福的......
A failure as a farmer, a miner, an oil promoter, and a merchant, but finally hit the groove as a public servant - and that due mostly to you and lady luck."
作为农民、矿工、石油推销商和商人，他都是失败的，但最终成为一名公务员——这主要归功于你和幸运女神。”
Senator Truman was content.
杜鲁门参议员很满意。
But in the summer of 1943, he began to hear disturbing talk.
但 1943 年夏天，他开始听到令人不安的言论。
Certain people wanted him to run for Vice President.
有些人希望他竞选副总统。
Truman called them "blowhards."
杜鲁门称他们为“吹牛大王”。
On July 18, 1944, when the Democrats convened in Chicago, the rumors that Harry Truman was going to be the next Vice President were still just rumors.
1944年7月18日，当民主党在芝加哥召开会议时，关于哈里·杜鲁门将成为下一任副总统的传言仍然只是谣言。
He had, in fact, arrived at the convention prepared to nominate another man.
事实上，他抵达大会时已准备好提名另一位候选人。
"I don't want to be Vice President," he would tell anyone who asked.
“我不想当副总统，”他会告诉任何提出要求的人。
He was convinced that the President did not like him.
他确信总统不喜欢他。
But in 1944, the President would not dictate the choice for Vice President.
但在 1944 年，总统不会决定副总统的选择。
In the next few days, Harry Truman's fate would be decided by a group of powerful Democrats meeting behind closed doors.
在接下来的几天里，哈里·杜鲁门的命运将由一群强大的民主党人闭门会议决定。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The future of the country and his own immediate future and fate are all in the hands of forces beyond his control...
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：国家的未来以及他自己眼前的未来和命运都掌握在他无法控制的力量手中......
and he can't be anything but a kind of a chip on the surface of the water being swept along.
他只不过是被扫过的水面上的一块碎片。
As the convention got underway, the Democrats prepared to give their nomination for the fourth time to Franklin Roosevelt.
随着大会的进行，民主党准备第四次提名富兰克林·罗斯福。
Many of them already knew it would be the last.
他们中的许多人已经知道这将是最后一次。
The President was ill.
总统病了。
Diagnosed with heart disease, he had never asked, and was never told, the extent of his illness.
他被诊断出患有心脏病，但从未询问过，也从未被告知他的病情有多严重。
But those close to him were frightened by the deathlike pallor that shadowed the once ebullient face.
但那些靠近他的人都被他曾经热情洋溢的脸庞上笼罩着死一般的苍白吓坏了。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: It was not spoken of.
民主党主席之女帕特·汉内根：没有提到过。
The fact that Roosevelt might die.
罗斯福可能会死的事实。
That was a deep, dark secret.
那是一个深深的、黑暗的秘密。
It was war time and no one wanted to talk about the President failing in any way....[but] I think that had to be behind everybody's minds.
那是战争时期，没有人愿意谈论总统在任何方面的失败……[但]我认为这一定是每个人的想法。
HARRY BYRD, Senator: It was in the minds of many delegates that whoever was nominated for Vice President could very well become President within the next four years.
哈里·伯德（Harry BYRD）参议员：许多代表认为，无论谁被提名为副总统，都很有可能在未来四年内成为总统。
The entire focus of that convention was on who would be nominated for the Vice Presidency.
该大会的全部焦点是谁将被提名为副总统。
The current Vice President, Henry Wallace, was the man to beat.
现任副总统亨利·华莱士是要击败的人。
A champion of civil rights and labor, he was immensely popular with liberals, but conservative Democrats opposed him.
作为民权和劳工的捍卫者，他深受自由派的欢迎，但保守的民主党人反对他。
Many of them turned to Jimmy Byrnes from South Carolina, a former Senator and Supreme Court Justice.
他们中的许多人求助于来自南卡罗来纳州的前参议员和最高法院法官吉米·伯恩斯。
An avowed segregationist, he was unacceptable to liberals.
作为一名公开的种族隔离主义者，他是自由主义者无法接受的。
With the democrats divided, party leaders were searching for a compromise.
由于民主党内部存在分歧，政党领导人正在寻求妥协方案。
Party Chairman Bob Hannegan wanted neither Wallace nor Byrnes.
党主席鲍勃·汉尼根既不想要华莱士，也不想要伯恩斯。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: My father and the other political advisors felt that Jimmy Byrnes would be a liability to the ticket.
帕特·汉尼根，民主党主席的女儿：我的父亲和其他政治顾问认为吉米·伯恩斯将成为选举的负担。
Southerners were a drawback at that time.
南方人在当时是一个劣势。
Labor was not particularly fond of him.
工党并不是特别喜欢他。
And my father was very concerned about Wallace as a possible President.
我父亲非常担心华莱士可能成为总统。
He felt that he was sort of flaky.
他觉得自己有点飘忽不定。
And from a politician's standpoint my father couldn't control him.
从政客的角度来看，我父亲无法控制他。
So, my father felt that Truman would be somewhat blameless.
所以，我父亲觉得杜鲁门多少有些无可指责。
That he would have no real drawbacks.
他不会有真正的缺点。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: So he emerges as a compromise candidate.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：所以他是一个妥协的候选人。
"The Missouri Compromise: some people say.
“密苏里妥协案：有人说。
He has conservative friends.
他有保守派朋友。
Southerners like him.
南方人喜欢他。
But he's been a good New Dealer.
但他是一位出色的新政者。
He's got labor union contacts.
他有工会联系。
He emerges as the person everyone can agree on.
他成为每个人都同意的人。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: It was simply, actually a dipping into almost the bottom of the barrel, you could almost say, to appoint as Vice President, and to select as Vice President on the ticket, a man who didn't have anything against him.
肯·赫克勒（KEN HECHLER），白宫助理：你几乎可以说，任命一个没有任何反对意见的人为副总统，并在选票上选择他为副总统，这实际上是一种几乎是跌入谷底的行为。
Ladies and gentlemen of the convention...
与会的女士们、先生们...
Unknown to the delegates, the party bosses were determined to make Truman Vice President.
代表们不知道的是，党魁们决心任命杜鲁门为副总统。
Two weeks before, they had made a trip to the White House.
两周前，他们去了白宫。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: One July night in 1944, the big bosses met with Franklin Roosevelt and it was a very hot night, very humid with the long French doors open to the air and the curtain blowing and what little breeze there was, and they all sat around in their shirt sleeves, perspiring, talking about who ought to be the Vice Presidential choice.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：1944 年 7 月的一个晚上，大老板们会见了富兰克林·罗斯福，那是一个非常炎热、潮湿的夜晚，长长的法式大门敞开着，窗帘随风飘扬，微风徐徐，他们都穿着衬衫，满头大汗，坐在一起，讨论谁应该成为副总统人选。
And the bosses all said it could not be Wallace, it could not be Byrnes, and it ought to be Truman.
老板们都说不可能是华莱士，不可能是伯恩斯，而应该是杜鲁门。
Roosevelt later told his son Jimmy that, in fact, he really didn't care.
罗斯福后来告诉他的儿子吉米，事实上，他真的不在乎。
He was a tired, sick, ill man and his mind and what energy he had was all concentrated on the war.
他是一个又累又病的人，他的思想和精力都集中在战争上。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: I think my father and other party leaders did the choosing and Roosevelt went along with it.
民主党主席的女儿帕特·汉尼根：我认为我的父亲和其他党派领导人做出了选择，罗斯福也同意了。
I don't think he cared at this point.
我认为他此时并不关心。
I think it was, I don't think it was a matter of great concern to him.
我认为是的，我不认为这对他来说是一个非常关心的问题。
If it had been, he would have known very well how to put the matter to rest.
如果真是这样，他就知道如何平息这件事了。
The most important Democrats were now lined up behind Truman, and at the convention, Bob Hannegan told the Senator the Vice Presidential nomination was his.
最重要的民主党人现在都站在杜鲁门身后，在大会上，鲍勃·汉尼根告诉参议员，副总统提名是他的。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: Once my father and his friends had pretty much set Truman up, then they had to convince Truman that he was going to run.
民主党主席的女儿帕特·汉尼根：一旦我的父亲和他的朋友们几乎把杜鲁门陷害了，那么他们就必须说服杜鲁门他要参选。
And he was very much opposed to it, and he said he wouldn't do it.
而且他是非常反对的，他说他不会这么做。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He didn't want to be President and he certainly didn't want to be President after Franklin Roosevelt.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他不想当总统，他当然也不想在富兰克林·罗斯福之后成为总统。
He didn't want to come in and try and have to fill those enormous shoes.
他不想进来尝试填补那些巨大的空缺。
He didn't think he was qualified to be the President of the United States.
他认为自己没有资格担任美国总统。
He was very happy where he was, in the Senate.
他在参议院感到非常高兴。
He had gone through the trauma of the Pendergast years where his name had been rubbed in the mud along with Pendergast machine, and it hurt his family.
他经历了彭德加斯特时代的创伤，他的名字和彭德加斯特机器一起被磨在泥里，这也伤害了他的家人。
He was a very devoted family man.
他是一个非常忠诚于家庭的男人。
Bess had none of that kind of political ambition.
贝丝没有那种政治野心。
She had no desire to see her husband become President.
她不想看到她的丈夫成为总统。
She certainly had no desire to be the First Lady.
她当然不想成为第一夫人。
She didn't like the limelight and one of the reasons that they didn't want the nomination was a fear that her father's suicide would become public, that the country would find out that this disgraceful thing had happened in her past.
她不喜欢出风头，他们不希望获得提名的原因之一是担心她父亲的自杀会被公开，担心整个国家会发现这件不光彩的事情发生在她的过去。
But the momentum was building toward a Truman Vice Presidency, and Bess Truman would have to stand aside.
但杜鲁门当选副总统的势头正在增强，贝丝·杜鲁门将不得不靠边站。
On July 20th, the party bosses summoned Truman to a suite in the Blackstone Hotel to listen in on a phone call that, unknown to the Senator, they had rehearsed in advance with the President.
7 月 20 日，党魁们把杜鲁门叫到黑石酒店的一间套房，听他们事先与总统排练过的电话，但参议员并不知道。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: My father got the President himself, President Roosevelt, to call him on the line and while he was on the line, he let Truman listen.
帕特·汉尼根，民主党主席的女儿：我父亲让总统本人，罗斯福总统，给他打电话，当他打电话时，他让杜鲁门听。
The President's voice boomed so loud everyone in the room could hear:
总统的声音洪亮，房间里的每个人都能听到：
"Have you got that fellow lined up yet?" the President asked.
“那家伙已经排好队了吗？”总统问道。
"No," the President was told.
“不，”总统被告知。
"He is the contrariest goddamn mule from Missouri I ever dealt with."
“他是我接触过的来自密苏里州的最相反的该死的骡子。”
"You tell the Senator," Roosevelt said, "that if he wants to break up the Democratic party in the middle of the war, that's his responsibility." And then he banged down the phone.
“你告诉参议员，”罗斯福说，“如果他想在战争期间分裂民主党，那是他的责任。”然后他就挂断了电话。
"Well," Truman said, pacing up and down the floor, "if that's the situation I'll have to say yes.
“好吧，”杜鲁门说，在地板上来回踱步，“如果是这种情况，我就不得不答应了。
But why the hell didn't he tell me in the first place?"
但他为什么不一开始就告诉我呢？”
ARCHIVAL SOUND ON FILM, CONVENTION ANNOUNCER: Harry Truman has received more than a majority.
电影档案声音，大会播音员：哈里·杜鲁门获得了超过多数票。
I do now declare him to be the nominee of the Democratic Party for Vice President and the next Vice President of the United States.
我现在宣布他为民主党副总统候选人和下一任美国副总统。
On Friday, July 21, 1944, Harry Truman accepted his party's nomination for Vice President.
1944 年 7 月 21 日星期五，哈里·杜鲁门接受了党派的副总统提名。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: I think he was somewhat excited.
民主党主席之女帕特·汉尼根：我认为他有些兴奋。
I don't think Mrs. Truman was happy at all.
我认为杜鲁门夫人一点也不高兴。
I don't recall her ever smiling the whole time.
我不记得她自始至终都在微笑。
She was in a box not too far from us, and I don't recall any smiles down there.
她在离我们不远的一个包厢里，我不记得那里有任何微笑。
I think she was very unhappy about it.
我想她对此非常不高兴。
ARCHIVAL SOUND ON FILM, TRUMAN: There's not much more that I can say to you except that I accept the honor with all the humility that a Senator of the United States can assume in this position.
电影中的声音，杜鲁门：我没有什么可以对你说的，除了我以美国参议员在这个职位上所能承担的全部谦逊接受这一荣誉。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
"After Dad's speech," Margaret Truman later wrote, "we were besieged by hordes of shouting, sweating photographers.
“爸爸演讲结束后，”玛格丽特·杜鲁门后来写道，“我们被一群大喊大叫、汗流浃背的摄影师包围了。
Everyone wanted to touch us.
每个人都想触摸我们。
Thankfully, the police formed a kind of phalanx around us, and we were able to get into a waiting car outside, where Mom looked at Dad, glared at him, and said, "Are we going to have to go through this for all the rest of our lives?"
值得庆幸的是，警察在我们周围形成了一个方阵，我们得以进入外面等候的汽车，妈妈看着爸爸，瞪着他，说：“我们的余生都要经历这个吗？”
As they headed back to Independence, Bess Truman refused to speak to anyone.
当他们返回独立城时，贝丝·杜鲁门拒绝与任何人交谈。
Margaret: Dad, here's a nice letter from Marion.
玛格丽特：爸爸，这是玛丽昂写来的一封好信。
Oh, that's nice of Marion.
噢，马里昂真是太好了。
You know I think Marion had a good time in Chicago.
你知道我认为马里昂在芝加哥过得很开心。
Here's one from your teacher, Miss Carr.
这是你的老师卡尔小姐寄来的一份。
And here's one from Mr. Buger from St. Louis.
这是来自圣路易斯的 Buger 先生的一封信。
Listen to what he says, "Please convey my congratulations to your loyal wife, charming daughter and dear mother -- whose great joy and happiness is shared by thousands of Americans.
听听他是怎么说的：“请转达我对你忠实的妻子、迷人的女儿和亲爱的母亲的祝贺——成千上万的美国人分享着她们的巨大喜悦和幸福。
Isn't that nice?
这不是很好吗？
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: Once he was in it he was all the way in it.
帕特·汉尼根，民主党主席的女儿：一旦他参与其中，他就一直参与其中。
Margaret: Say Daddy, don't you wish you'd gone fishing last week.
玛格丽特：爸爸，你不希望上周去钓鱼了吗？
Well, I did go on a sort of fishing trip to Chicago, or at least it resulted that way.
嗯，我确实去芝加哥钓鱼了，或者至少结果是这样。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: He was too much of a politician himself not to go for it all the way.
帕特·汉尼根，民主党主席的女儿：他本身就是一位政治家，所以不可能不全力以赴。
Truman campaigned with his usual energy and determination, traveling thousands of miles, skipping meals, washing his socks in the basin of his sleeping car.
杜鲁门以他一贯的精力和决心参加竞选，长途跋涉数千英里，不吃饭，在卧铺车的水盆里洗袜子。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He's designated as the party work horse.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：他被指定为党的主力。
"This duty has been inflicted on me and I'm going to do it.
“这项责任已落在我身上，我将履行它。
But I'm apprehensive about the future."
但我对未来感到担忧。”
The night that Roosevelt and Truman were elected, Harry Truman could hardly sleep.
罗斯福和杜鲁门当选的那天晚上，哈里·杜鲁门几乎无法入睡。
The Vice President, Truman would say, is a "political eunuch."
杜鲁门会说，副总统是一个“政治太监”。
He presided over the Senate, writing letters home during the long senatorial debates, dropping by for a late afternoon drink with his old friends in Congress.
他主持参议院，在漫长的参议院辩论中写信回家，下午晚些时候顺便和他在国会的老朋友一起喝一杯。
He seemed wholly unaffected by his new title -- "homespun as ever," one Senator remarked.
他似乎完全不受新头衔的影响——“一如既往的朴素”，一位参议员评论道。
One afternoon, at a luncheon at the National Press Club, the Vice President sat down at the piano to play the Missouri Waltz.
一天下午，在国家新闻俱乐部举行的午餐会上，副总统坐在钢琴前弹奏了密苏里华尔兹。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Suddenly a young beautiful actress, Lauren Bacall, perches herself on top of the piano for some publicity portraits, showing a rather daring amount of leg by 1945 standards.
阿朗佐·汉比，传记作者：突然，一位年轻美丽的女演员劳伦·白考尔 (Lauren Bacall) 坐在钢琴上拍摄一些宣传肖像，以 1945 年的标准来看，她的腿部线条相当大胆。
Truman doesn't quite know how to react to this.
杜鲁门不太知道对此有何反应。
He does what is probably the only intelligent thing to do, which is to keep smiling and keep playing the piano.
他做了可能是唯一明智的事情，那就是保持微笑并继续弹钢琴。
Flashbulbs exploded.
闪光灯爆炸了。
The audience cheered.
观众欢呼起来。
The photos were an international sensation.
这些照片引起了国际轰动。
Bess was furious.
贝丝很生气。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: It did have kind of a loose association with the idea of the Vice President being the piano player in a house of ill-repute.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：这确实与副总统在声名狼藉的房子里担任钢琴演奏家的想法有某种松散的联系。
Throughout his Vice Presidency, Truman was always kept outside Roosevelt's inner circle.
在担任副总统期间，杜鲁门始终被排除在罗斯福的核心圈子之外。
FDR never took Truman into his confidence.
罗斯福从未信任过杜鲁门。
The Vice President met alone with the President just two times.
副总统仅单独会见总统两次。
He could never shake, Truman said, the feeling that the Roosevelt White House considered him "small potatoes." He has what you might almost call a love-hate relationship with Roosevelt by this time.
杜鲁门说，他永远无法摆脱罗斯福白宫认为他是“小人物”的感觉。此时他与罗斯福之间的关系可以说是又爱又恨。
He admires him on the one-hand, doesn't quite trust him on the other hand.
他一方面欣赏他，另一方面又不太信任他。
And the fact is that Roosevelt didn't pay much attention to his new Vice President.
事实上，罗斯福并没有太关注他的新副总统。
Even when they had met for a private luncheon at the White House during the campaign, Roosevelt told Truman nothing of importance, posing for photographers and making small talk.
即使他们在竞选期间在白宫举行私人午餐会，罗斯福也没有告诉杜鲁门任何重要的事情，只是摆姿势给摄影师拍照，闲聊。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And it was as that point that Truman saw Roosevelt close-up for the first time.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：就在那时，杜鲁门第一次近距离看到罗斯福。
And saw how badly he looked.
并看到他的样子有多糟糕。
Saw the circles under his eyes, saw the droop of his shoulders, and noticed that when Roosevelt went to pour his cream into his coffee that his hand trembled so he could hardly do it.
看到他的眼圈，看到他的肩膀下垂，并注意到当罗斯福去往咖啡里倒奶油时，他的手颤抖着，几乎无法做到这一点。
"I had been afraid for many weeks that something might happen," Truman admitted.
“几周来我一直担心会发生什么事情，”杜鲁门承认。
"But I didn't allow myself to think about it."
“但我不允许自己去想它。”
ROBERT LIFTON, Biographer: I think Truman and everybody else at one level knew that Roosevelt wouldn't live out his term.
罗伯特·利夫顿，传记作者：我认为杜鲁门和其他所有人都在一定程度上知道罗斯福无法完成他的任期。
But there was a shared denial that was overwhelming.
但大家都一致否认这一事实。
It came from Roosevelt and from Truman.
它来自罗斯福和杜鲁门。
So that the result was that there was absolutely no preparation of the Vice President by a very sick President for the Presidency.
因此，结果是，一位病重的总统完全没有为副总统担任总统做好准备。
And Truman, he didn't take the most modest kind of effort toward imaging himself as President and preparing himself for the Presidency.
而杜鲁门，他并没有付出最谦虚的努力来将自己想象成总统并为总统职位做好准备。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He tells a friend in Missouri that Roosevelt has the pallor of death on his face.
阿朗佐·汉比，传记作者：他告诉密苏里州的一位朋友，罗斯福的脸色像死人一样苍白。
He's very worried that he's going to have the Presidency thrust on him and that it might happen at any moment.
他非常担心总统职位会强加给他，而且这种情况随时都可能发生。
On April 12, 1945, Truman rushed to the White House.
1945年4月12日，杜鲁门赶赴白宫。
Franklin Roosevelt was dead.
富兰克林·罗斯福去世了。
Vice President for just 82 days, Harry S.
就任副总统仅 82 天的 Harry S.
Truman was now President of the United States.
杜鲁门现在是美国总统。
He was frightened and insecure.
他感到害怕和没有安全感。
"I'm not big enough for this job," Truman said.
杜鲁门说：“我的体格不足以胜任这份工作。”
After taking the oath, Truman gathered his cabinet around him.
宣誓后，杜鲁门召集内阁成员。
He barely knew these men.
他几乎不认识这些人。
Now he asked for their support.
现在他请求他们的支持。
Secretary of War Henry Stimson remained, while the rest silently drifted away.
战争部长亨利·史汀生留下来，而其他人则默默地走开了。
"He wanted me to know about an immense project," Truman wrote later, "to develop a new explosive of almost unbelievable destructive power.
“他想让我了解一个巨大的项目，”杜鲁门后来写道，“开发一种具有几乎令人难以置信的破坏力的新型炸药。
That was all he felt free to say at the time, and his statement left me puzzled." Harry Truman was President, and he knew nothing about the atomic bomb.
这就是他当时想说的全部内容，他的说法让我感到困惑。”哈里杜鲁门是总统，他对原子弹一无所知。
The day after Franklin Roosevelt died, President Harry Truman met with reporters.
富兰克林·罗斯福去世后的第二天，哈里·杜鲁门总统会见了记者。
"Boys, if you ever pray, pray for me now," he told them.
“孩子们，如果你们曾经祈祷，现在就为我祈祷，”他告诉他们。
I don't know whether you fellows ever had a load of hay fall on you, but when they told me yesterday what had happened, I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me."
我不知道你们这些家伙是否曾经被一担干草落在身上，但是当他们昨天告诉我发生了什么事时，我感觉就像月亮、星星和所有的行星都落在了我身上。”
On his first full day in office, Truman surprised everyone with his show of energy and confidence.
在上任的第一天，杜鲁门表现出的活力和自信让所有人都感到惊讶。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Outwardly, Truman works very hard at looking confident, at seeming to be in charge.
阿朗佐·汉比（传记作者）：从表面上看，杜鲁门非常努力地表现出自信、似乎在掌控一切。
Privately, he clearly feels quite insecure about his new role.
私下里，他显然对自己的新角色感到相当不安全。
He lets close friends and confidantes know that this is a terrible challenge he faces.
他让亲密的朋友和知己知道这是他面临的一个可怕的挑战。
"I'm scared," he admitted to his mother and sister.
“我很害怕，”他向母亲和妹妹承认。
His first chance to prove that he was up to the job came on April 16th when he addressed a joint session of Congress.
4 月 16 日，他在国会联席会议上发表讲话，这是他第一次有机会证明自己能够胜任这份工作。
In just a moment you'll hear the voice of Speaker Rayburn as he introduces President Truman.
稍后您就会听到雷伯恩议长介绍杜鲁门总统的声音。
Anxious to reassure Americans -- and himself -- Truman fumbled.
杜鲁门急于安抚美国人和他自己，却笨手笨脚。
He launched immediately into his speech, and all across the country, Americans listening on the radio heard the Speaker of the House correct him by his first name.
他立即开始演讲，全国各地收听广播的美国人都听到众议院议长用他的名字纠正了他。
SAM RAYBURN'S VOICE "Just a moment.
萨姆·雷伯恩的声音：“请稍等。
Let me present you, will you, Harry?"
让我介绍一下你，好吗，哈利？”
"Members of the Congress, I have the great pleasure and the high privilege of presenting to you the President of the United States."
“国会议员们，我非常高兴并荣幸地向你们介绍美国总统。”
TRUMAN "In his infinite wisdom, almighty God has seen fit to take from us a great man who loved and was beloved by all humanity.
杜鲁门：“全能的上帝以其无限的智慧，认为有必要从我们身边夺走一位热爱全人类并被全人类所爱的伟人。
No man could possibly fill the tremendous void left by the passing of that noble soul.
没有人能够填补这位高贵灵魂去世后留下的巨大空白。
In spite of his nervous slip, the speech was a resounding success.
尽管他有些紧张，演讲还是取得了巨大的成功。
Americans everywhere warmed to this seemingly simple, straightforward man from Missouri.
世界各地的美国人都对这个来自密苏里州的看似简单、直率的人产生了好感。
His small-town, folksy manner stood in striking contrast to the patrician manners of Franklin Roosevelt, and many Americans found the change refreshing.
他的小镇风情与富兰克林·罗斯福的贵族风格形成鲜明对比，许多美国人发现这种变化令人耳目一新。
"After a diet of caviar," an aide said, "You like to get back to ham and eggs."
“吃了鱼子酱之后，”一名助手说，“你喜欢吃火腿和鸡蛋。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: Harry was a fresh and fast and darting about, and, the contrast sort of hit them.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：哈利是一个精力充沛、速度很快、飞快奔跑的人，这种对比让他们印象深刻。
Truman was peppery and he'd walk along the street and the truck driver, I remember on one occasion, said, "Good luck, Harry!"
杜鲁门脾气暴躁，他走在街上，我记得有一次，卡车司机说：“祝你好运，哈利！”
The press was soon praising him for his candor and cabinet officials for his hard work.
媒体很快就称赞他的坦率，内阁官员称赞他的辛勤工作。
Truman, many Americans, were saying was a man of the people.
许多美国人都说杜鲁门是人民的人。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: The thing I remember most, is his hand shake.
记者罗伯特·多诺万：我记得最清楚的是他的握手。
I never felt such a hand shake.
我从来没有感觉到这样的手颤抖。
It finally dawned on me, this man had -- was a real dirt farmer.
我终于明白了，这个人是一个真正的农民。
He worked behind a plow for ten years.
他在犁后面工作了十年。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman was the ordinary American democrat, small "D."
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门是一位普通的美国民主党人，小“D”。
But did the American people want someone who was simply ordinary to lead them?
但美国人民想要一个普通人来领导他们吗？
Did they believe that someone of that type could?
他们相信这种类型的人可以吗？
This is a problem that Truman would face throughout his Presidency.
这是杜鲁门在整个总统任期内面临的一个问题。
When Truman took the oath of office, Americans were fighting the greatest war in history.
当杜鲁门宣誓就职时，美国正在进行历史上最伟大的战争。
All at once he was Commander-In-Chief of 16 million men and a terrifying arsenal of warships, tanks, and planes arrayed against the Japanese in the Pacific and Nazi Germany in Europe.
他突然成为了 1600 万人的总司令，拥有一支由军舰、坦克和飞机组成的可怕军火库，在太平洋上对抗日本，在欧洲对抗纳粹德国。
But what he knew about war came from his experience as a soldier in World War I and from books he had read as a child.
但他对战争的了解来自于他作为第一次世界大战士兵的经历和他小时候读过的书。
Americans everywhere wondered how Harry Truman would end the war -- and at what cost.
世界各地的美国人都想知道哈里·杜鲁门将如何结束战争——以及付出什么代价。
During Truman's first days in office, allied armies were sweeping toward Germany -- the Soviet Union closed in from the East, the Americans from the West.
杜鲁门上任的第一天，盟军正向德国发起进攻——苏联从东方逼近，美国从西方逼近。
But with the Nazis on the verge of surrender, Truman feared that the Soviets could no longer be trusted.
但随着纳粹濒临投降，杜鲁门担心苏联不再值得信任。
The war-inspired alliance between Russia and America was beginning to come apart.
俄罗斯和美国之间因战争而建立的联盟开始瓦解。
On April 22, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov paid a call on the White House.
4月22日，苏联外长莫洛托夫拜会白宫。
Molotov was a wily diplomat, a hardened veteran of the Russian Revolution.
莫洛托夫是一位狡猾的外交家，一位冷酷的俄罗斯革命老兵。
Truman had been President for just 10 days.
杜鲁门就任总统仅十天。
He had never negotiated a treaty before, never met a Russian in his life, and knew next to nothing about American foreign policy.
他以前从未谈判过条约，一生中从未见过俄罗斯人，对美国的外交政策几乎一无所知。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman was insecure and ignorant, ignorant not in the sense of being unintelligent.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：杜鲁门缺乏安全感且无知，无知并不是指不聪明。
The man was very intelligent.
这个人非常聪明。
Ignorant in the sense of not knowing what was going on.
无知是指不知道发生了什么。
Of course, nobody really knew what was going on except Franklin D.
当然，除了富兰克林·D·肯尼迪之外，没有人真正知道发生了什么。
Roosevelt, and he was dead.
罗斯福，他死了。
The major problem was that the Red Army occupied much of Eastern Europe and was driving towards Berlin.
主要问题是红军占领了东欧大部分地区并正在向柏林挺进。
And, consequently, what Truman faced was essentially a Russian occupation of Eastern and part of Central Europe.
因此，杜鲁门所面临的基本上是俄罗斯对东欧和中欧部分地区的占领。
Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin saw the countries of eastern and central Europe as a band of protection against any attempt to invade Russia.
苏联独裁者约瑟夫·斯大林将东欧和中欧国家视为抵御任何入侵俄罗斯企图的保护带。
Truman feared Stalin would use the Red Army to force them to become communist.
杜鲁门担心斯大林会利用红军迫使他们成为共产主义者。
"Whoever occupies a territory," Stalin said, "also imposes on it his own social system as far as his army can reach."
斯大林说：“无论谁占领了一块领土，他的军队所能到达的范围内都将自己的社会制度强加于该领土。”
When Truman and Molotov sat down to talk, the fate of eastern Europe still hung in the balance.
当杜鲁门和莫洛托夫坐下来谈话时，东欧的命运仍然悬而未决。
Truman believed the Soviets had already violated an agreement negotiated by Roosevelt guaranteeing free elections in Poland.
杜鲁门认为苏联已经违反了罗斯福谈判达成的保证波兰自由选举的协议。
The new President didn't hesitate to tell the Soviet Minister just what he thought.
新总统毫不犹豫地告诉了苏联部长他的想法。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: Truman gave him a -- a tongue-lashing -- "Why don't you people behave?
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：杜鲁门对他进行了严厉的斥责，“你们这些人为什么不守规矩？
Why don't you respect your obligations," and so on.
你为什么不尊重你的义务，”等等。
And, according to Chip Bolin, who told me about this, who was the interpreter and was on the scene, said Molotov, in his stiff way, drew back and said, "I've never been talked to like this." And Truman said to him, "Well, you folks behave and you won't be talked to like this."
据当时在场的翻译奇普·博林（Chip Bolin）告诉我这件事，他说，莫洛托夫以他僵硬的方式后退一步说：“我从来没有被这样说过话。”杜鲁门对他说：“好吧，你们老实点，别人不会这样跟你们说话的。”
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman then walked out of the room, saw a top State Department aide and said to the State Department aide, "I just gave him a straight one-two to the jaw." And then he stopped and looked at this man and said, "Do you think I did right?"
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：杜鲁门随后走出房间，看到一名国务院高级助手，并对这位国务院助手说：“我刚刚给了他一记二过二的下巴。”然后他停下来，看着这个男人说道：“你觉得我做的对吗？”
"I'm here to make decisions," Truman said.
杜鲁门说：“我来这里是为了做出决定。”
"Whether they prove right or wrong, I'm going to make them." Within the next few months, Truman would have to make one of the most terrible decisions in history.
“无论它们被证明是对还是错，我都会制作它们。”在接下来的几个月内，杜鲁门将不得不做出历史上最可怕的决定之一。
While Nazi Germany was crumbling, the Japanese remained a dangerous, unyielding enemy.
当纳粹德国崩溃时，日本人仍然是一个危险的、不屈的敌人。
They had already taken over 50,000 American lives, and more and more were dying every day.
他们已经夺去了 50,000 多名美国人的生命，而且每天都有越来越多的人死去。
But America had been developing a weapon that might force the Japanese to surrender.
但美国一直在开发一种可能迫使日本投降的武器。
Just 13 days in office, Truman was handed a memorandum by Secretary of War Stimson:
杜鲁门上任仅 13 天，战争部长史汀生就向杜鲁门递交了一份备忘录：
"Within four months," Truman read, "we shall in all probability have completed the most terrible weapon ever known in human history."
杜鲁门写道：“在四个月内，我们很可能会制造出人类历史上最可怕的武器。”
Stimson went on to tell Truman about the secret site in New Mexico where scientists had been working round-the-clock for the past two and a half years to fashion a weapon out of the elemental forces of the universe.
史汀生接着向杜鲁门讲述了新墨西哥州的一个秘密地点，过去两年半里，科学家们一直在全天候工作，利用宇宙的基本力量制造出一种武器。
But it would still be months, Stimson said, before any one would know whether the atomic bomb would work.
但史汀生说，还需要几个月的时间，人们才能知道原子弹是否有效。
On May 8th, Truman's 61st birthday, Nazi Germany surrendered.
5月8日，杜鲁门61岁生日，纳粹德国投降。
"Isn't that some birthday present?" he wrote his 92-year-old mother.
“这不是生日礼物吗？”他写信给他92岁的母亲。
Now only Japan remained.
现在只剩下日本了。
"The victory won in the West must now be won in the East.
“在西方赢得的胜利现在必须在东方赢得。
The whole world must be cleansed of the evil from which half the world has been freed.
整个世界必须清除邪恶，半个世界已经摆脱了邪恶。
But Truman feared the Japanese would not surrender without a long and bloody struggle.
但杜鲁门担心日本不经过长期的血腥斗争就不会投降。
Already they had been severely punished and yet showed no signs of yielding.
他们已经受到了严厉的惩罚，却没有任何屈服的迹象。
While Truman was Vice President, American B-29's had reined thousands of tons of bombs on the island nation.
杜鲁门担任副总统期间，美国 B-29 轰炸机在这个岛国投放了数千吨炸弹。
Five weeks before he took office, American planes dropped 2,000tons of napalm on Tokyo, burning 16 square miles of the city to the ground.
在他上任五周前，美国飞机向东京投掷了 2000 吨凝固汽油弹，将这座城市 16 平方英里的面积夷为平地。
In a single day, 100,000 Japanese were killed.
一天之内，就有十万日本人被杀。
BARTON BERNSTEIN, Historian: The fire-bombing raids prepares the way for even more devastating bombing.
巴顿·伯恩斯坦，历史学家：燃烧弹袭击为更具破坏性的轰炸做好了准备。
What has changed in the war is a redefinition of what is a legitimate target.
战争中发生的变化是对合法目标的重新定义。
A legitimate target is not simply a city, but people in the city who are primarily noncombatants in what is a redefined virtually total war.
合法的目标不仅仅是一座城市，而是城市中的人们，他们在这场重新定义的几乎全面战争中主要是非战斗人员。
So that everybody becomes a target.
让所有人都成为靶子。
The bombing destroyed nearly all of Japan's biggest cities and killed more than half a million civilians.
这次轰炸几乎摧毁了日本所有最大的城市，并造成超过 50 万平民死亡。
Still, the Japanese fought on.
尽管如此，日本人还是继续战斗。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman knew they were defeated, they knew they were defeated.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：杜鲁门知道他们被击败了，他们知道他们被击败了。
That really wasn't the question, the question was would they surrender.
这确实不是问题，问题是他们会投降吗？
The battle for the island of Okinawa, 350 miles south of Japan, painted a bloody portrait for Truman of just how ferocious Japanese resistance could be.
位于日本以南 350 英里的冲绳岛之战为杜鲁门描绘了一幅血腥的肖像，展示了日本的抵抗是多么凶猛。
The fighting raged on for months.
战斗持续了几个月。
Ten thousand Americans were killed, 27,000 wounded.
一万名美国人丧生，两万七千人受伤。
And entrenched in the jungles and caves of the island, more than 100,000 Japanese soldiers were burned or bombed to death rather than surrender.
盘踞在岛上的丛林和洞穴中，超过10万日军不肯投降，而是被烧死或炸死。
ROBERT LIFTON, Biographer: Okinawa was a bloody battle.
罗伯特·利夫顿，传记作者：冲绳是一场血腥的战斗。
One of the bloodiest battles of a vicious war.
残酷战争中最血腥的战斗之一。
And Okinawa was an example of how much of a last ditch battle the Japanese could put up.
冲绳岛就是一个例子，展示了日本人可以进行多少最后的战斗。
And the kind of battle they might put up on their own islands in man to man combat.
他们可能会在自己的岛屿上进行一对一的战斗。
So Okinawa could be taken as an indicator that Japan needed dire measures to defeat it.
因此，冲绳岛可以被视为日本需要采取严厉措施来击败它的一个指标。
On June 1, with the struggle for Okinawa reaching a climax, Truman received a report from a committee he had appointed to study the atomic bomb.
6月1日，随着冲绳岛的斗争达到高潮，杜鲁门收到了他任命的一个研究原子弹委员会的报告。
The committee urged the President to use the weapon -- without warning.
该委员会敦促总统在没有警告的情况下使用该武器。
It did not recommend any alternatives.
它没有推荐任何替代方案。
BARTON BERNSTEIN, Historian: The use of the bomb was not a topic of debate...
历史学家巴顿·伯恩斯坦：炸弹的使用不是争论的话题......
the issue was never should the bomb be used.
问题是永远不应该使用炸弹。
For us, the bomb, whether we approve or not, is a question that should have been asked.
对我们来说，原子弹，无论我们是否赞成，都是一个应该问的问题。
For them living history forward and not backward, what's important to understand is that the use of the bomb was not a question -- it was an answer.
对于那些生活在历史前进而不是倒退的人来说，重要的是要明白，使用炸弹不是一个问题，而是一个答案。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: If the weapon could stop the killing, then, it was felt, it had to be used.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：如果武器可以阻止杀戮，那么，人们认为，就必须使用它。
Was it right?
是对的吗？
Was it wrong?
是不是错了？
I don't think that was the issue.
我不认为这是问题所在。
I think they saw it as necessary.
我认为他们认为这是必要的。
Truman did not know that some of the scientists who had helped create the bomb were now actively attempting to limit its use.
杜鲁门并不知道，一些曾帮助制造原子弹的科学家现在正在积极尝试限制其使用。
They advocated a demonstration bomb that would convince the Japanese to surrender.
他们主张使用演示炸弹来说服日本投降。
Their petitions never reached the President, but it is unlikely they could have changed his mind.
他们的请愿书从未到达总统手中，但他们不太可能改变总统的想法。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: I know of no occasion when President Truman ever spoke about doubts on -- on using the bomb.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：据我所知，杜鲁门总统从未在任何场合谈到过对使用炸弹的怀疑。
All his advisors, without exception, recommended the use of the bomb just as soon as it was available.
他的所有顾问无一例外地建议一旦炸弹可用就立即使用。
And he agreed with them.
他同意他们的观点。
But the atomic bomb still remained untested.
但原子弹仍未经过测试。
No one knew if it would work.
没有人知道这是否有效。
June 18th, Truman agreed to plans to invade Japan in early November.
6月18日，杜鲁门同意11月初入侵日本的计划。
Tens of thousands of American soldiers were returning from the battlefields of Europe.
数万名美国士兵正从欧洲战场归来。
For most, if the invasion went forward, it would be just weeks before they would sent back into battle.
对于大多数人来说，如果入侵继续进行，几周后他们就会被送回战场。
This time, fighting the Japanese.
这一次，与日本人作战。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: We were going to invade the home islands.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：我们要入侵本土岛屿。
And the loss of life would be terrible.
生命的损失将是可怕的。
And for Truman whether it was going to be 20,000 lives or 100,000 lives was not really the question.
对于杜鲁门来说，到底是 20,000 条生命还是 100,000 条生命并不是真正的问题。
The question was to stop the killing.
问题是停止杀戮。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman was one of the few Presidents of the 20th century to have actually experienced wartime combat.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门是 20 世纪少数几位真正经历过战时战斗的总统之一。
He had seen corpses stacked up.
他见过堆积如山的尸体。
He knew what war was like.
他知道战争是什么样子。
He was very, very anxious to get World War II over with as quickly as possible.
他非常非常渴望尽快结束第二次世界大战。
Only 30 days in office, Truman was still adjusting to the anxieties of being President, still telling his advisers that he didn't want the job.
上任仅 30 天，杜鲁门仍在适应担任总统的焦虑，仍在告诉他的顾问他不想要这份工作。
And Bess never wanted to be first lady.
贝丝从来不想成为第一夫人。
After just one month in the White House, Bess and Margaret went home to Independence.
在白宫呆了一个月后，贝丝和玛格丽特就回到了独立城的家乡。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Bess did not like living in the White House.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：贝丝不喜欢住在白宫。
She felt very uncomfortable, very ill-at-ease with all the fanfare and the attention of the press.
对于媒体的大张旗鼓和关注，她感到非常不舒服，非常不自在。
Particularly when photographers pressed in around her, she would freeze and become kind of old stone face.
尤其是当摄影师逼近她时，她会僵住，变成一张老石头脸。
And get an expression that looked as if her feet hurt.
并做出一副脚好像受伤了的表情。
The spotlight, the limelight, did not appeal to Bess Truman ever.
聚光灯、聚光灯对贝丝·杜鲁门来说从来没有吸引力。
And she would return home to Independence as often as possible.
她会尽可能经常返回独立城的家。
Leaving the President feeling very alone, often desolate.
让总统感到非常孤独，常常感到孤独。
It's hard for some people to understand what she was like and why the President was so devoted to her.
有些人很难理解她是什么样的人以及为什么总统对她如此忠诚。
But he adored her there's no question about that.
但他很爱她，这是毫无疑问的。
PAT HANNEGAN, Daughter of Democratic Party Chairman: I think she was a very shy person.
民主党主席的女儿帕特·汉内根：我认为她是一个非常害羞的人。
Very ill-at-ease in that kind of an environment.
在那样的环境下很不自在。
When she was in the White House she used to have her old bridge club from Independence, Missouri come up.
当她在白宫时，她经常会提到她来自密苏里州独立市的老桥牌俱乐部。
And I think probably that's the only time she was really comfortable.
我想这可能是她唯一真正感到舒服的时候。
So that there really was not a good niche for her.
所以说她真的没有一个好的定位。
And I don't think she ever really enjoyed the public eye.
我认为她从来没有真正享受过公众的关注。
Bess Truman's first public appearance confirmed her worst fears.
贝丝·杜鲁门的首次公开露面证实了她最担心的事情。
At the National Airport, ambulances with wings -- one each for Navy and Army.
在国家机场，有带翼的救护车——海军和陆军各一辆。
Ready to be christened by Mrs. Harry S.
准备好接受 Harry S. 夫人的洗礼了
Truman, in her first public appearance.
杜鲁门首次公开露面。
But Mrs. Truman is in for a surprise....Refusing to be rattled, the new First Lady joins in the crowd's laughter.
但杜鲁门夫人却大吃一惊……新任第一夫人拒绝惊慌，加入了人群的笑声。
By an oversight, the champagne bottle, unlike this one, hadn't been properly prepared -- etched to break the glass on impact.
由于疏忽，香槟酒瓶与这个不同，没有经过适当的准备——蚀刻以在撞击时打破玻璃。
All's well that ends well.
一切都好，结局好。
Truman smiled when he saw the newsreel, as did most of America, but Bess is said to have told her husband she wished she had swung the bottle at him.
杜鲁门在看到新闻片时笑了，就像大多数美国人一样，但据说贝丝告诉她的丈夫，她希望她能把瓶子朝他挥过去。
On July 7th, the start of his fourth month in office, Truman steamed across the Atlantic on the United States cruiser Augusta.
7 月 7 日，杜鲁门上任第四个月开始，他乘坐美国巡洋舰奥古斯塔号横渡大西洋。
Destination -- Potsdam, Germany.
目的地——德国波茨坦。
"Dear Bess, I sure dread this trip, worse than anything I've had to face.
“亲爱的贝丝，我确实害怕这次旅行，比我必须面对的任何事情都要害怕。
But it has to be done."
但这必须要做。”
With scientists at Los Alamos poised to test the atomic bomb, Truman was about to begin a series of negotiations that would determine the fate of the post-war world.
随着洛斯阿拉莫斯的科学家们准备测试原子弹，杜鲁门即将开始一系列决定战后世界命运的谈判。
He had been to Europe only once before -- as a soldier on the western front.
他以前只去过欧洲一次——作为西线的一名士兵。
Now he was President of the United States, preparing to meet two of the legends of the 20th century, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin -- "Mr. Great Britain" and "Mr. Russia," Truman called them.
现在他是美国总统，准备会见 20 世纪的两位传奇人物温斯顿·丘吉尔和约瑟夫·斯大林——“总统先生”。英国”和“先生”俄罗斯，”杜鲁门这样称呼他们。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman had to step onto the world stage with two of the most colossal figures of the century, two consummate performers, consummate actors who are very accustomed to commanding the stage.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜鲁门必须与本世纪最伟大的两位人物、两位完美的表演者、非常习惯于指挥舞台的完美演员一起登上世界舞台。
And who is he?
他是谁？
"Dear Bess, The Prime Minister came to see me this morning."
“亲爱的贝丝，首相今天早上来看我了。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman is suffering from a considerable amount of stage fright.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜鲁门患有严重的怯场症。
He knows that Churchill had been 1st Lord of the Admiralty when Harry Truman was still plowing fields back in Missouri.
他知道，当哈里·杜鲁门还在密苏里州耕田时，丘吉尔就已经是第一任海军大臣了。
He knows also the affection, the bond between Roosevelt and Churchill.
他也了解罗斯福和丘吉尔之间的感情和纽带。
And wonders if ever he can attain that kind of respect.
并想知道他是否能够获得这种尊重。
Churchill liked Truman, but the man from Missouri was not impressed by the Prime Minister's flattery: "Churchill gave me a lot of hooey," Truman wrote in his diary.
丘吉尔喜欢杜鲁门，但这位来自密苏里州的男子对总理的奉承不以为意：“丘吉尔给了我很多胡言乱语，”杜鲁门在日记中写道。
"Well, I'm sure we can get along if he doesn't try to give me too much soft soap."
“好吧，我相信如果他不给我太多软肥皂的话我们就能相处得很好。”
Following Churchill's visit, Truman asked to see Berlin.
丘吉尔访问后，杜鲁门要求访问柏林。
For months the German capitol had been the target of Allied bombs.
几个月来，德国国会大厦一直是盟军炸弹的目标。
Truman recorded his reactions in his diary.
杜鲁门在日记中记录了他的反应。
"I never saw such destruction," Truman wrote.
“我从未见过这样的破坏，”杜鲁门写道。
"I thought of Carthage, Rome, Babylon."
“我想到了迦太基、罗马、巴比伦。”
"What a pity the human animal is not able to put his moral thinking into practice.
“可惜的是，人类这种动物却无法将他的道德思想付诸实践。
I fear that machines are ahead of morals by some centuries."
我担心机器领先于道德几个世纪。”
While Truman was touring Berlin, the first atomic bomb was exploded over the deserts of New Mexico.
当杜鲁门访问柏林时，第一颗原子弹在新墨西哥州的沙漠上空爆炸。
Truman returned from his tour of a devastated Berlin to find Secretary of War Stimson with a coded telegram.
杜鲁门从满目疮痍的柏林视察归来，找到了战争部长史汀生，并带来了一份密码电报。
"Operated on this morning," it read.
“今天早上进行了手术，”上面写着。
"Diagnosis not yet complete but results seem satisfactory and already exceed expectations."
“诊断尚未完成，但结果似乎令人满意，并且已经超出了预期。”
The President now knew that the atomic bomb would work.
总统现在知道原子弹会起作用。
Plans were already in motion to drop a second bomb as soon as possible -- this one on Japan.
尽快投下第二颗炸弹的计划已经开始实施——这颗炸弹投向日本。
The next day, Stalin came to call.
第二天，斯大林来访。
"A few minutes before 12:00," Truman wrote.
“12:00 前几分钟，”杜鲁门写道。
"I looked up from my desk and there stood Stalin in the doorway."
“我从办公桌上抬起头，发现斯大林站在门口。”
"I got to my feet and advanced to meet him.
“我站起身来迎接他。
He put out his hand and smiled."
他伸出手，微笑着。”
One day Truman and Stalin would confront each other as enemies in the most dangerous ideological conflict in all of history.
有一天，杜鲁门和斯大林将在历史上最危险的意识形态冲突中作为敌人相互对峙。
But on July 17th the United States and the Soviet Union were allies who had just defeated a terrible enemy.
但7月17日，美国和苏联作为盟友刚刚击败了可怕的敌人。
Both men were cordial and friendly.
两个人都热情友好。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman was rather impressed by Stalin.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：杜鲁门对斯大林印象深刻。
He thought that here was a tough guy.
他认为这里是个硬汉。
Stalin struck him as frank and straightforward, a sort of political boss type, who would keep his word once he gave it.
斯大林给他的印象是坦率、直率，是一种政治上的老板类型，一旦做出承诺就会遵守诺言。
Truman said later that Stalin reminded him of the Missouri kingpin Tom Pendergast.
杜鲁门后来说，斯大林让他想起了密苏里州的头目汤姆·彭德加斯特。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Joseph Stalin was nothing like Tom Pendergast.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：约瑟夫·斯大林与汤姆·彭德加斯特完全不同。
This was one of the most bloodthirsty, murdering, evil men of our time.
他是我们这个时代最嗜血、最凶残、最邪恶的人之一。
But Truman had that very American idea -- that old, American idea -- that if he could just meet the fellow, shake his hand, look him in the eye, size him up -- that they could work together, work things out.
但杜鲁门有一个非常美国的想法——那个古老的美国想法——如果他能见到那个人，握一下他的手，看着他的眼睛，打量他——他们就可以一起工作，解决问题。
And everything would be okay.
一切都会好起来的。
"I can deal with Stalin," Truman wrote.
“我可以对付斯大林，”杜鲁门写道。
"He is honest but smart as hell." Stalin was less sanguine.
“他很诚实，但也很聪明。”斯大林则没那么乐观了。
He told an aide that Truman was worthless.
他告诉一名助手，杜鲁门一文不值。
The Soviet dictator had already determined that he would surrender nothing of any consequence when the bargaining began.
当谈判开始时，苏联独裁者就已经决定他不会放弃任何后果。
That evening -- July 17th -- Truman, Stalin and Churchill sat down to discuss the fate of Eastern Europe.
那天晚上——7 月 17 日——杜鲁门、斯大林和丘吉尔坐下来讨论东欧的命运。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: The Soviet army is occupying Eastern Europe and parts of Central Europe.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：苏联军队正在占领东欧和中欧部分地区。
The question is, how do you negotiate the Russian armies out of Central and Eastern Europe?
问题是，如何通过谈判将俄罗斯军队撤出中欧和东欧？
Over the next 17 days, Truman would try to convince Stalin to withdraw his armies and allow the countries of eastern Europe to hold free elections.
在接下来的17天内，杜鲁门将试图说服斯大林撤军并允许东欧国家举行自由选举。
"Dear Bess, The first session was yesterday.
“亲爱的贝丝，第一次会议是在昨天。
It makes presiding over the Senate seem tame.
这使得主持参议院显得很温和。
The boys say I gave them an earful.
男孩们说我给了他们一个耳光。
I hope so.
我希望如此。
I was so scared.
我很害怕。
I didn't know whether things were going according to Hoyle or not."
我不知道事情是否按照霍伊尔的说法进行。”
While Truman was negotiating in Germany, the Enola Gay, a specially modified, lightweight B-29, was soaring high above the island of Tinian, far-away in the Pacific, rehearsing maneuvers to drop the atomic bomb.
当杜鲁门在德国谈判时，经过特殊改装的轻型 B-29 埃诺拉·盖伊号正在遥远的太平洋天宁岛上空翱翔，排练投掷原子弹的演习。
A list of four target cities had been prepared.
四个目标城市的名单已经制定。
It was now all but certain that the bomb would be used on one of them within the next three weeks.
现在几乎可以肯定，这枚炸弹将在未来三周内用于其中一人。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: It was absolutely inevitable.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：这绝对是不可避免的。
It was a weapon that could bring the war to an early -- immediate end.
这是一种可以使战争尽早结束的武器。
And in my view, had any President -- Truman or anyone else -- not used the bomb, that man would have been subject to impeachment.
在我看来，如果任何一位总统——杜鲁门或其他任何人——没有使用炸弹，那个人就会受到弹劾。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: Here's a Democratic President.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：这是一位民主党总统。
And the plan is about to move all our army now into the Pacific to invade Japan with who knows what casualties.
该计划即将把我们的全部军队调入太平洋入侵日本，谁知道伤亡有多大。
And years later the public, or a few months later or sometime, it leaks out that the President had a bomb that would have ended all of that.
几年后，或者几个月后，或者某个时候，公众得知总统拥有一枚炸弹，可以结束这一切。
What would have happened to the Democratic Party?
民主党会发生什么？
What would have happened to Truman?
杜鲁门会发生什么？
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: It was quite clear that the bomb would not only shorten the war but it could be the kind of weapon that the other powers with which Truman had to deal would be in awe of.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：很明显，炸弹不仅会缩短战争时间，而且可能成为杜鲁门必须与之打交道的其他国家敬畏的武器。
Consequently, there was no question about whether or not Truman was going to use the bomb.
因此，杜鲁门是否会使用炸弹是毫无疑问的。
The question was when and how and where.
问题是何时、如何以及何地。
At Potsdam, the negotiations were going nowhere.
在波茨坦，谈判毫无进展。
The first three sessions had ended in stalemate.
前三场比赛均以胶着结束。
On July 19, in the spirit of their war-inspired partnership, Truman threw a party for Churchill and Stalin and flew in two young American GI's to entertain -- pianist Eugene List and violinist Stuart Canin.
7 月 19 日，本着他们的战争伙伴关系的精神，杜鲁门为丘吉尔和斯大林举办了一场派对，并飞来两位年轻的美国大兵前来招待——钢琴家尤金·李斯特和小提琴家斯图尔特·卡宁。
STUART CANIN, Violinist: I was so nervous when I started to play.
STUART CANIN，小提琴家：当我开始演奏时我非常紧张。
I think I was shaking.
我想我当时在发抖。
Now I've been a professional violinist for 50 years.
现在我已经成为一名职业小提琴手 50 年了。
And I have never played for an audience like that.
我从来没有为这样的观众表演过。
I mean I could barely hold the bow on the string.
我的意思是我几乎无法握住弦上的弓。
I don't know if you've ever seen a little upright piano, but it has kind of a bum piano rack.
我不知道你是否见过小型立式钢琴，但它有一个笨拙的钢琴架。
And the music was not staying put very well and Truman leaped up and he just turned the pages for Gene!
音乐并没有很好地保持原样，杜鲁门跳了起来，他刚刚为吉恩翻了几页！
Which was quite exciting, to have the President of the United States turn pages for you.
让美国总统为您翻页真是令人兴奋。
One night the President sat down at the piano and played for Canin and List a piece he had practiced for long hours as a boy in Independence, Missouri.
一天晚上，总统坐在钢琴前，为卡宁和李斯特演奏了一首他小时候在密苏里州独立城练习了很长时间的曲子。
STUART CANIN, Violinist: The man had great feeling for music.
STUART CANIN，小提琴家：这个人对音乐很有感觉。
He didn't always have the technique to do what he wanted.
他并不总是有能力做他想做的事。
But the feeling was there and -- and you could sense that he really loved music.
但那种感觉就在那里——你可以感觉到他真的很喜欢音乐。
He said, "I wonder how much better off the country would have been if I had become a concert pianist?"
他说：“我想知道如果我成为一名音乐会钢琴家，这个国家会变得多么美好？”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He took music very much to heart.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：他非常重视音乐。
He adored good music.
他热爱美好的音乐。
He once wrote to Bess, "Did you ever hear an overture performed by a fine orchestra and imagine that things were as they ought to be instead of as they are?"
他曾经写信给贝丝：“你是否曾听过一支优秀管弦乐队演奏的序曲，并想象事情本来就是它们应该的样子，而不是它们本来的样子？”
On July 21st, two days after Truman's party for Churchill and Stalin, the President received a description of the test of the atomic bomb.
7 月 21 日，即杜鲁门为丘吉尔和斯大林举办派对两天后，总统收到了原子弹试验的描述。
For the first time, he became fully aware of its awesome power.
他第一次真正感受到了它的可怕威力。
Truman was told that 13 pounds of explosives had evaporated a steel tower 60 feet high, left a crater in the New Mexican desert more than two miles wide, knocked down men 10,000 yards away, and was visible for more than 200 miles.
杜鲁门得知，13 磅的炸药炸毁了一座 60 英尺高的钢塔，在新墨西哥州沙漠中留下了一个两英里多宽的弹坑，将 10,000 码外的人员击倒，并且在 200 多英里外都可见。
Truman wrote in his diary: "We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world.
杜鲁门在日记中写道：“我们发现了世界历史上最可怕的炸弹。
It may be the fire destruction prophesied ...
这可能是预言中的火灾毁灭……
after Noah and his fabulous Ark."
在诺亚和他神话般的方舟之后。”
"I have told the Secretary of War, Mr. Stimson, to use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children.
“我已经告诉战争部长史汀生先生，要使用它，使军事目标以及士兵和水手成为目标，而不是妇女和儿童。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He tells himself in a diary entry that he wrote at that time that, "Of course, the bomb will be used against a military target because no matter how bad the Japanese have been, we can't kill women and children." But he had to have some understanding at Potsdam that he was kidding himself.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：他在当时写的日记中告诉自己，“当然，炸弹将用于打击军事目标，因为无论日本人有多坏，我们都不能杀死妇女和儿童。”但他在波茨坦必须明白，他是在自欺欺人。
It was wishful thinking.
这是一厢情愿的想法。
ROBERT LIFTON, Biographer: He's aware that it will be much more than a military target -- it will kill large numbers of ordinary civilians.
罗伯特·利夫顿，传记作者：他知道这将不仅仅是一个军事目标——它将杀死大量普通平民。
But you must remember, he like all other Americans, saw this as a war against evil.
但你必须记住，他像所有其他美国人一样，认为这是一场反对邪恶的战争。
And there was a lot of evil out there, real evil, on the part of the Nazis and Japanese militarism and fascism.
纳粹、日本军国主义和法西斯主义有很多邪恶，真正的邪恶。
In that sense, he can believe that the bomb is justified and that this greatest weapon ever developed has a place in overcoming or combating evil.
从这个意义上说，他可以相信炸弹是合理的，并且这种有史以来最伟大的武器在克服或打击邪恶方面具有一席之地。
The day after Truman learned of the bomb's power, he confronted Stalin with new confidence.
杜鲁门得知炸弹威力的第二天，他以新的信心面对斯大林。
Secretary of War Stimson wrote in his diary that the President was "tremendously pepped up." In his high stakes game with the Soviet dictator, Truman now had a new card to play.
战争部长史汀生在日记中写道，总统“非常振奋”。在与苏联独裁者的高风险游戏中，杜鲁门现在可以打出一张新牌。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: And Churchill later said that Truman, once he heard the news that the atomic bomb worked, was, quote, "a changed man." It was quite clear to Truman now that he had, as he would later say, "an ace in the hole and an ace showing." That is to say, the ace in the hole was the atomic bomb -- the ace showing was American economic and military power.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：丘吉尔后来说，杜鲁门在听到原子弹起作用的消息后，“变了一个人”。杜鲁门现在很清楚，正如他后来所说，他“有一张王牌在洞里，而且还有一张王牌”。也就是说，手中的王牌就是原子弹——展现的王牌就是美国的经济和军事实力。
On July 24th, Truman rose from his chair and walked slowly around the table to have a private word with the Soviet dictator.
7月24日，杜鲁门从椅子上站起来，绕着桌子慢慢走来，与这位苏联独裁者进行了私下交谈。
"I casually mentioned to Stalin that we had a new weapon of unusual destructive force," Truman later wrote.
“我无意中向斯大林提到，我们拥有一种具有不同寻常破坏力的新武器，”杜鲁门后来写道。
"All he said was that he was glad to hear it and hoped we would make good use of it against the Japanese.'"
“他只是说他很高兴听到这个消息，并希望我们能好好利用它来对抗日本人。”
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: Stalin was so bland and seemingly unconcerned about it that on the American side, there was some question as to whether he'd understood the import of what Truman was saying.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：斯大林态度如此温和，似乎对此漠不关心，以至于美国方面有人怀疑他是否理解杜鲁门所说的话的重要性。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: What we know now is that Stalin knew exactly about the development of the bomb because of Soviet spies at Los Alamos in New Mexico.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：我们现在知道的是，斯大林通过新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的苏联间谍确切地了解了原子弹的研制情况。
We also know that as soon as Stalin walked out of that room, Stalin immediately got in touch with the man who was the director of the Soviet atomic bomb project and said that he must get to work and accelerate the project.
我们还知道，斯大林一走出那个房间，斯大林就立即联系了苏联原子弹项目的负责人，并表示他必须开始工作并加快该项目的进度。
Meanwhile, the preparation to bomb Japan moved inexorably forward.
与此同时，轰炸日本的准备工作无情地向前推进。
Two atomic bombs were nearly ready.
两颗原子弹已经准备就绪。
Seven more were on the way.
还有七个正在路上。
On July 25th Truman gave control of the bombs to the military and ordered that they be used as soon as the Potsdam conference was over.
7 月 25 日，杜鲁门将炸弹的控制权交给军方，并下令波茨坦会议结束后立即使用。
The next day, the Japanese were given one last chance to surrender.
第二天，日本人得到了最后一次投降的机会。
"We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all the Japanese armed forces," it was announced from Potsdam.
波茨坦宣布：“我们呼吁日本政府立即宣布所有日本武装部队无条件投降”。
"The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction."
“日本的选择就是迅速彻底的毁灭。”
The ultimatum was called the Potsdam Declaration.
最后通牒被称为《波茨坦宣言》。
Two days later, the Japanese rejected it.
两天后，日本人拒绝了。
BARTON BERNSTEIN, Historian: The United States was demanding an unconditional surrender and in particular that implied that the imperial system, namely the emperor, would be terminated.
历史学家巴顿·伯恩斯坦：美国要求无条件投降，特别是这意味着帝国制度，即皇帝，将被终止。
Truman had been informed by a number of his advisors that the unconditional surrender demand might make it more difficult to achieve peace.
杜鲁门的一些顾问告诉他，无条件投降的要求可能会使实现和平变得更加困难。
Truman received advice on various occasions to provide an explicit provision that the emperor could be maintained.
杜鲁门多次收到建议，明确规定可以保留皇帝。
Truman decided not to include that provision.
杜鲁门决定不包括该条款。
ROBERT LIFTON, Biographer: Unconditional surrender had been a central theme inherited from Roosevelt, it evoked the American spirit of fighting and winning this war against evil.
罗伯特·利夫顿，传记作者：无条件投降是罗斯福继承的一个中心主题，它唤起了美国人战斗和赢得这场与邪恶的战争的精神。
So he held to it.
所以他坚持了下来。
July 31st -- the atomic bomb was now fully assembled.
7月31日——原子弹现已完全组装完毕。
The most dangerous weapon on earth was waiting to be released.
地球上最危险的武器正在等待释放。
The Potsdam conference lasted 17 days.
波茨坦会议历时17天。
As the newsreel cameramen took their final shots, Truman smiled.
当新闻片摄影师拍摄最后一张照片时，杜鲁门笑了。
The President remained fond of Stalin.
总统仍然喜欢斯大林。
He would later write, "I liked the little son-of-a bitch." But nothing had been accomplished.
他后来写道：“我喜欢这个小王八蛋。”但什么也没完成。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: I think the Potsdam conference can be seen as the beginning of the end of the Russian-American friendship.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：我认为波茨坦会议可以被视为俄美友谊终结的开始。
Truman and Stalin don't have a whole lot to say to each other anymore.
杜鲁门和斯大林不再有太多话可说。
Their armies are essentially doing the talking.
他们的军队基本上是在说话。
The allies agreed to divide a defeated Germany into joint zones of occupation, but Stalin refused to withdraw his troops from eastern and central Europe and permit free elections.
盟国同意将战败的德国划分为联合占领区，但斯大林拒绝从东欧和中欧撤军并允许自由选举。
The issue was tabled for further discussion.
该问题已提交进一步讨论。
At last Truman was heading home, trying to relax after the grueling round of negotiations.
最后，杜鲁门回家了，试图在一轮艰苦的谈判后放松一下。
He strolled the deck, attended church services, enjoyed a concert by the ship's band.
他在甲板上漫步，参加教堂礼拜，欣赏船上乐队的音乐会。
On his fourth day at sea, the mission which would forever mark his place in history began.
在海上的第四天，将永远标志着他在历史上的地位的使命开始了。
August 6, 2:45 A.M.
8 月 6 日凌晨 2:45
-- the Enola Gay, carrying a four-ton atomic bomb, was heading out over the Pacific Ocean toward Japan.
——埃诺拉·盖伊号携带一枚四吨重的原子弹，正越过太平洋前往日本。
Some would later argue that Japan might have been forced to surrender without the bomb.
一些人后来辩称，如果没有原子弹，日本可能会被迫投降。
The President might have warned the Japanese with a demonstration bomb, might have blockaded their islands until they surrendered, might have assured the Japanese that they could keep their Emperor.
总统可能会用演示炸弹警告日本人，可能会封锁他们的岛屿直到他们投降，可能会向日本人保证他们可以保留他们的天皇。
Truman would later say that to end the war quickly without invading Japan, the bomb had to be used -- and he used it.
杜鲁门后来说，为了在不入侵日本的情况下迅速结束战争，必须使用原子弹——他也使用了它。
8:15 A.M.
上午 8:15
-- The atomic bomb dropped clear of the Enola Gay.
——原子弹从埃诺拉·盖伊号上空落下。
Forty-three seconds later, it exploded over Hiroshima.
四十三秒后，它在广岛上空爆炸。
Harry Truman was eating lunch when he was handed a decoded message, "Results clear-cut -- successful in all respects." Truman reacted immediately: "This," he said, "is the greatest thing in history."
哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 正在吃午饭，这时他收到了一条破译信息：“结果一目了然——各方面都取得了成功。”杜鲁门立即做出反应：“这，”他说，“是历史上最伟大的事情。”
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: The crew burst into applause and cheering when he announced this will end the war.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：当他宣布这将结束战争时，船员们爆发出热烈的掌声和欢呼。
Since most of the crewmen were anticipating that they'd have to go out and engage with the Japanese, you can see why there was great glee on the part of the crew, the officers, everyone, everyone present.
由于大多数船员都预计他们必须出去与日本人交战，所以你可以理解为什么船员、军官、在场的每个人都表现得很高兴。
That afternoon, Truman issued a warning to the Japanese government.
当天下午，杜鲁门向日本政府发出警告。
"If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a reign of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth."
“如果他们现在不接受我们的条件，他们可能会期待一场地球上从未见过的毁灭性统治从空中而来。”
Two days later, Secretary of War Stimson showed the President aerial photographs of Hiroshima.
两天后，战争部长史汀生向总统展示了广岛的航拍照片。
Truman did not yet know that the atomic bomb had killed more than 80,000 men, women, and children and that tens of thousands more would die from radiation sickness in the days and years to come.
杜鲁门还不知道原子弹已经杀死了超过 80,000 名男人、女人和儿童，并且在未来的日子和岁月里还将有数以万计的人死于放射病。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: You see these pictures of Hiroshima just leveled for almost as far as the eye can see.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：你可以看到这些广岛的照片，几乎目力所及之处都被夷为平地。
Clearly he's distressed by that.
显然他为此感到苦恼。
He told Stimson, "This places a terrible responsibility upon myself and upon the War Department." Three days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, but still, there was no word of surrender.
他告诉史汀生：“这给我自己和陆军部带来了可怕的责任。”在广岛投下原子弹三天后，苏联对日本宣战，但仍然没有投降的消息。
August 9, 11:00 A.M.
8 月 9 日上午 11:00
-- a second atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese seaport of Nagasaki.
——第二颗原子弹落在日本长崎海港。
In 1/10 of one-millionth of a second, the city was destroyed.
在百万分之一秒的1/10内，这座城市被摧毁了。
Another 40,000 people were killed.
另有4万人被杀。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman had not seen any limitation on the use of the second bomb.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门没有看到对第二枚炸弹的使用有任何限制。
Essentially after he signs the order at Potsdam, it's all on automatic pilot and, unless he changes his mind, up to the military.
本质上，在他在波茨坦签署命令后，一切都会自动进行，除非他改变主意，否则一切都会由军方决定。
The day after Nagasaki was destroyed, Truman took the authority to use the atomic bomb back from the military and placed it once again in his own hands.
长崎被摧毁的第二天，杜鲁门从军方手中夺回了使用原子弹的权力，并将其重新交到自己手中。
Aug.
八月
14 -- The simple reason Truman always gave for using the atomic bomb was to end the war and save lives.
14 -- 杜鲁门总是给出使用原子弹的简单原因是为了结束战争和拯救生命。
Now after nearly four years, Japan surrendered.
如今，近四年后，日本投降了。
The war was over.
战争结束了。
Years later, Truman would often say that he never brooded over his decision to drop the bomb.
多年后，杜鲁门经常说，他从未对自己投下原子弹的决定深思熟虑。
"Once a decision was made," he wrote later, "I didn't worry about it afterward."
“一旦做出决定，”他后来写道，“之后我就不再担心了。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Time and again, Truman claimed, "I never lost a minute's sleep.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门一次又一次地声称，“我从未失眠过一分钟。
Ah, I never felt any regret.
啊，我从来没有后悔过。
I did what had to be done."
我做了必须做的事。”
But clearly, this was a somewhat more upsetting event than he let on.
但显然，这件事比他表现出来的更令人不安。
The day after the bomb fell on Nagasaki, Truman had told his cabinet that "the thought of wiping out another 100,000 people was too horrible." He hated the idea of killing "all those kids."
原子弹落在长崎的第二天，杜鲁门告诉他的内阁，“再消灭 10 万人的想法太可怕了”。他讨厌杀死“所有这些孩子”的想法。
BARTON BERNSTEIN, Historian: You can never feel comfortable about killing 100,000 or more people.
巴顿·伯恩斯坦，历史学家：杀死 100,000 人或更多的人永远不会让你感到舒服。
And I'm sure that was true for Harry S.
我确信 Harry S 也是如此。
Truman, who fought vigorously always to deny it.
杜鲁门总是极力否认这一点。
ROBERT LIFTON, Biographer: He wasn't a man who could allow self-questioning.
罗伯特·利夫顿，传记作者：他不是一个允许自我质疑的人。
He wasn't a man who could allow reflection.
他不是一个允许反思的人。
He could never take in fully what he had done and what that meant for the world.
他永远无法完全理解他所做的事情以及这对世界意味着什么。
Here was a good man, a loving man, who made a decision to use the cruelest weapon in human history on a densely populated city and spent the rest of his life justifying that decision.
这是一个好人，一个充满爱心的人，他决定在一座人口稠密的城市使用人类历史上最残酷的武器，并用他的余生来证明这个决定的合理性。
"I made the only decision I ever knew how to make," Truman wrote.
杜鲁门写道：“我做出了我知道如何做出的唯一决定。”
"I did what I thought was right."
“我做了我认为正确的事。”
In April 1945, with the death of Franklin Roosevelt, an America at war had a new untried, unfamiliar commander-in-chief, a man as different from Roosevelt as any could be.
1945 年 4 月，随着富兰克林·罗斯福的去世，处于战争状态的美国迎来了一位新的、未经考验的、陌生的总司令，他与罗斯福截然不同。
Yet there he was and as the country would discover there was a lot more than met the eye.
然而他就在那里，整个国家都会发现，事情远比表面上看到的要复杂得多。
Harry Truman came from a background of hard-working, plain-speaking middle Americans.
哈里·杜鲁门出身于勤劳、朴实的美国中产阶级家庭。
He was a farmer, a World War I veteran, a failed haberdasher, and the devoted husband of the enigmatic Bess Wallace Truman.
他是一名农民、一名第一次世界大战老兵、一名失败的服饰商，也是神秘的贝丝·华莱士·杜鲁门的忠实丈夫。
By a combination of grit, luck, machine politics, uncommon ability and strength of character, he wound up president at one of history's most difficult turning points.
凭借勇气、运气、机器政治、非凡的能力和坚强的性格，他在历史上最困难的转折点之一当选总统。
He faced decisions no one could have been prepared for, including the decision to use the atomic bomb to end the Second World War.
他面临着任何人都无法做好准备的决定，包括使用原子弹结束第二次世界大战的决定。
With the war over, a host of domestic problems nationwide descended on the still green president.
战争结束后，全国范围内的一系列国内问题都落在了这位还很年轻的总统身上。
And they were only the start.
而这只是开始。
Europe was in ruins.
欧洲已是一片废墟。
Joseph Stalin ruled supreme over the Soviet Union.
约瑟夫·斯大林统治着苏联。
In Churchill's indelible words, an iron curtain had descended "from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic."
用丘吉尔不可磨灭的话说，铁幕已经降临“从波罗的海的什切青到亚得里亚海的里雅斯特”。
The Cold War commenced.
冷战开始了。
The Truman years were to be as eventful as any in our time.
杜鲁门时代与我们这个时代一样多事。
And at the center of all this is the story of the testing and growth of the seemingly ordinary man from Independence, Missouri, who liked to say, "If you can't stand the heat, you better stay out of the kitchen."
这一切的核心是一个来自密苏里州独立市的看似普通的男人的考验和成长的故事，他喜欢说：“如果你不能忍受炎热，你最好远离厨房。”
Twelve million GIs were coming home.
一千二百万美国士兵即将回家。
They wanted jobs and houses and cars...coffee, butter, and meat on the table.
他们想要工作、房子和汽车……桌上有咖啡、黄油和肉。
After years of going without they longed to get on with their lives.
经过多年的流浪，他们渴望继续自己的生活。
But Harry Truman knew he couldn't give them all they wanted.
但哈里·杜鲁门知道他无法给他们想要的一切。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: You can't imagine a President having more on his shoulders that President Truman did in those days after the end of the war.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：你无法想象一位总统在战争结束后的那些日子里肩负着杜鲁门总统更多的责任。
The whole thing came down on his head.
整件事都落在了他的头上。
There had not been planning very well on post-war policy because the economists had been given to understand that the war might last until 1946, in any case, the war with Japan.
战后政策并没有很好的规划，因为经济学家们被告知战争可能会持续到 1946 年，无论如何，是对日战争。
All of a sudden the atomic bomb threw everything out of kilter.
突然间，原子弹让一切都变得不正常。
For four long years, Americans everywhere had worked together to fight and defeat fascism.
在漫长的四年里，世界各地的美国人共同努力，对抗并击败法西斯主义。
Now that spirit of cooperation had vanished.
现在这种合作精神已经消失了。
Labor and business were once again at each others throats.
劳工和商业再次互相争斗。
During the war, the government had kept a tight lid on wages and prices.
战争期间，政府严格控制工资和物价。
And in return, the unions had agreed not to strike.
作为回报，工会同意不罢工。
Now, their patriotic sacrifice over, workers walked off the job.
现在，他们的爱国牺牲结束了，工人们纷纷下岗。
They wanted higher wages, and they wanted Truman to hold the line on prices.
他们想要更高的工资，并且希望杜鲁门在物价问题上保持底线。
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: The expectations of working people zoomed because they wanted to make up for all the years that were lost.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW) 总裁助理：劳动人民的期望值大幅上升，因为他们想要弥补所有失去的岁月。
You know when you keep people in a straight jacket for as many years as the war lasted you have an explosion.
你知道，当战争持续了很多年，让人们穿着直筒夹克时，就会发生爆炸。
Truman was determined to keep prices from rising.
杜鲁门决心阻止物价上涨。
But facing increasing pressure from businessmen, who wanted to set prices themselves, Truman wavered.
但面对想要自行定价的商人越来越大的压力，杜鲁门动摇了。
He held the line on some prices and let others go-up.
他控制了一些价格，让其他价格上涨。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He doesn't give the country any sense of direction.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：他没有给这个国家任何方向感。
He comes to be the person that a public fed up with one strike after another blames for labor disorder.
他逐渐成为公众厌倦了一次又一次罢工并将其归咎于劳工混乱的人。
But the President was determined to prove that he could lead the nation...
但总统决心证明他能够领导国家......
that he could carry on in the tradition of Franklin Roosevelt.
他可以继承富兰克林·罗斯福的传统。
On September 6, 1945, Truman proposed an increase in the minimum wage, aid for housing, and a bill for the first pre-paid medical insurance in the nation's history.
1945 年 9 月 6 日，杜鲁门提出提高最低工资、住房援助以及美国历史上第一个预付费医疗保险的法案。
But a coalition of Republicans and conservative southern Democrats refused him everything.
但共和党和南方保守民主党的联盟拒绝了他的一切。
The presidency, Truman wrote, was "like riding a tiger.
杜鲁门写道，担任总统“就像骑虎难下”。
A man has to keep on riding or be swallowed."
人必须继续骑行，否则就会被吞没。”
Christmas morning, 1945, Truman woke to find the capitol covered in ice and snow.
1945 年圣诞节早晨，杜鲁门醒来发现国会大厦被冰雪覆盖。
Bess and Margaret were in Independence, and the President missed them.
贝丝和玛格丽特在独立城，总统很想念他们。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: I've never known an individual who loved his wife and his daughter and his family so deeply but they of course were always interested in trying to get excuses to go back to Independence.
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：我从来没有认识过一个人如此深爱他的妻子、女儿和家人，但他们当然总是想找借口回到独立。
Anxious to see his family, desperate to escape the turmoil in Washington, he ordered the Presidential plane to fly him home.
他急于见到家人，迫切地想逃离华盛顿的混乱，于是命令总统专机送他回家。
Editorials would call the flight foolhardy, absurd, "one of the most hazardous sentimental journeys ever undertaken." The plane, buffeted by sleet and snow, arrived an hour late.
社论称这次飞行是鲁莽、荒谬的，是“有史以来最危险的情感旅程之一”。飞机受到雨夹雪的影响，晚点了一个小时。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: When he finally gets to the Wallace house on Delaware Street, Bess is furious at him, for taking so long to get out there, for taking such a big risk.
阿朗佐·汉比，传记作者：当他终于到达特拉华街的华莱士家时，贝丝对他很生气，因为他花了这么长时间才出去，冒了这么大的风险。
Three days later, back in Washington, forlorn, Truman wrote Bess a letter:
三天后，杜鲁门回到华盛顿，悲痛欲绝，给贝丝写了一封信：
"Well I'm here in the White House, the great white sepulcher of ambitions and reputations.
“好吧，我现在在白宫，这是一座充满野心和声誉的白色伟大坟墓。
You can never appreciate what it means to come home as I did the other evening after doing at least a hundred things I didn't want to do and have the only person in the world whose approval and good opinion I value look at me like I'm something the cat dragged in."
你永远无法体会到回家意味着什么，就像那天晚上我做了至少一百件我不想做的事情之后，世界上唯一一个我看重认可和好意见的人看着我，就像我是一只被拖进去的东西一样。”
He finished the letter, but Bess never got it.
他写完了这封信，但贝丝却没有收到。
He left it tucked deep inside his desk drawer.
他把它藏在办公桌抽屉深处。
The new year brought a new wave of strikes -- 5000 before the year was over.
新的一年带来了新一波的罢工——年底前已有5000人罢工。
As a Democrat, Truman needed union support.
作为一名民主党人，杜鲁门需要工会的支持。
But he had removed the lid on prices, appeasing businessmen, and the unions were angry.
但他取消了价格限制，安抚了商人，工会感到愤怒。
The cost of almost everything skyrocketed, and working men and women demanded that their wages keep up.
几乎所有东西的成本都在飙升，工人阶级要求他们的工资跟上。
At one point, more than a million workers walked off the job at the same time.
一度有超过百万工人同时罢工。
Truman believed that the unions were holding the country hostage, and personally betraying him.
杜鲁门认为工会正在劫持国家并背叛他。
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: While Harry supported labor and the right to strike, he was never happy when there was a strike.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW) 总统助理：虽然哈利支持劳工和罢工权利，但罢工时他从来不高兴。
He was seeing it as a small businessman and it could wreck a small business.
他将其视为一个小商人，这可能会毁掉一个小企业。
He just didn't like strikes of any kind.
他只是不喜欢任何形式的罢工。
And he was very frank about that.
他对此非常坦率。
Then, in May, the railway workers went out, forcing the country to a standstill.
然后到了五月，铁路工人外出，导致国家陷入停顿。
Truman was furious.
杜鲁门非常愤怒。
While negotiators searched for a compromise, a frustrated Truman proposed a solution no President had ever dared: he threatened to draft the striking railway workers into the army.
当谈判代表寻求妥协时，沮丧的杜鲁门提出了一个历任总统都不敢的解决方案：他威胁要把罢工的铁路工人征入军队。
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: That kind of a threat wasn't even made during the war!
VICTOR REUTHER，UAW 总统助理：战争期间甚至没有发出过这种威胁！
And, ah, I think everyone in the Labor Movement was quite shocked by that, but they felt, "Well, this is-- an off-the-cuff Truman threat, but he won't carry through on that."
而且，啊，我认为劳工运动中的每个人都对此感到非常震惊，但他们觉得，“嗯，这是杜鲁门的即兴威胁，但他不会这样做。”
But Truman stuck by his plan.
但杜鲁门坚持他的计划。
When his Attorney General questioned its constitutionality, Truman told him:
当他的司法部长质疑其合宪性时，杜鲁门告诉他：
"We'll draft 'em and think about the law later."
“我们将起草它们，然后再考虑法律。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: [It] was as high-handed as -- unconstitutional a measure as imaginable.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：[它]是一种专横的手段，是可以想象的违宪措施。
But he meant it -- because he saw the country being -- the very life of the country, at stake.
但他是认真的——因为他看到这个国家——这个国家的生命岌岌可危。
Never before had there been a total nationwide rail strike: more than 17,000 passenger trains, 24,000 freight trains - nearly all of them had stopped running.
此前从未发生过全国范围内的铁路大罢工：超过17,000列旅客列车、24,000列货运列车——几乎全部停止运行。
The country was paralyzed.
国家陷入瘫痪。
"...
“……
zero hour is here.
零时到了。
Who is to rule our nation?"
谁来统治我们的国家？”
"...
“……
why don't you go ahead and act in this national crisis?"
你为什么不在这场国家危机中采取行动呢？”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman's annoyed at criticism.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：杜鲁门对批评感到恼火。
He thinks people are not taking him seriously enough and maybe he's still got this sneaking suspicion to overcome that he's not quite up to the job.
他认为人们没有足够认真地对待他，也许他仍然有这种潜移默化的怀疑需要克服，即他不太能胜任这份工作。
Truman faced every new challenge with feelings of inadequacy.
杜鲁门面对每一个新的挑战都感到力不从心。
This leads to a build-up of anger that erupts every once in a while, with particularly vivid consequences in the Presidency.
这导致愤怒的积聚，每隔一段时间就会爆发一次，在总统任期内造成特别明显的后果。
Deeply troubled, Truman sat down at his desk and drafted one of the strangest speeches ever to come from a President's pen:
杜鲁门深感困扰，坐在办公桌前，起草了总统笔下有史以来最奇怪的演讲之一：
"I am tired of government being flouted," he wrote.
“我厌倦了政府被蔑视，”他写道。
"Let us give the country back to the people, hang a few traitors, make our own country safe for democracy, tell Russia where to get off...
“让我们把国家还给人民，绞死几个叛徒，让我们自己的国家成为民主的安全，告诉俄罗斯该从哪里下车……
Come on boys, let's do the job."
来吧，孩子们，让我们完成任务吧。”
CLARK CLIFFORD, White House Counsel: He called me and said, "I want to get your reaction to this speech." And I started out and...
白宫法律顾问克拉克·克利福德：他打电话给我说：“我想知道你对这次演讲的反应。”我开始了……
this is the worst I ever saw.
这是我见过的最糟糕的。
I believe it was his way of letting off steam.
我相信这是他发泄情绪的方式。
And I finally asked him, said, "Do you intend to give that speech?" He said, "Well, not quite this speech."
最后我问他：“你打算发表那个演讲吗？”他说：“嗯，这次演讲不完全是这样。”
On May 25, 1946, even while negotiations to settle the strike continued, the President went before a joint session of Congress.
1946 年 5 月 25 日，尽管解决罢工的谈判仍在继续，总统还是出席了国会联席会议。
"This is no longer a dispute between labor and management.
“这不再是劳资之间的纠纷。
It has now become a strike against the government of the United States itself."
现在它已经成为针对美国政府本身的打击。”
"I request the Congress immediately to authorize the President to draft into the armed forces of the United States all workers who are on strike against their government."
“我请求国会立即授权总统征召所有反对政府罢工的工人加入美国武装部队。”
CLARK CLIFFORD, White House Counsel: He was getting to the crescendo.
白宫法律顾问克拉克·克利福德：他正在达到高潮。
And I got a call..
我接到电话..
it said the Railroad strike has been settled.
据称，铁路罢工已经解决。
And I wrote on a piece of paper and I took it to Les Biffle, the secretary.
我写在一张纸上，然后把它交给了秘书莱斯·比夫勒 (Les Biffle)。
And Les then takes it up.
然后莱斯接手了。
TRUMAN: "Word has just been received that the rail strike has been settled on terms proposed by the President."
杜鲁门：“刚刚收到消息称，铁路罢工已按照总统提出的条款得到解决。”
CLARK CLIFFORD, White House Counsel: Great cheers.
白宫法律顾问克拉克·克利福德：太棒了。
Great cheers.
欢呼雀跃。
And it was they worked out the details after and the railroads were running.
之后他们制定了细节，铁路开始运营。
The strike was over.
罢工结束了。
But Truman had paid a high price.
但杜鲁门付出了高昂的代价。
His gut response had cost him the support of the unions he so desperately needed.
他的本能反应让他失去了他迫切需要的工会的支持。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: The labor leaders and the liberals in general are shocked, horrified...not without reason.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：劳工领袖和自由派总体上感到震惊、恐惧……并非没有原因。
And from this point on it is going to be very, very tough for Truman to, ah, drum up labor-liberal enthusiasm for the Democratic ticket in the '46 elections.
从现在开始，杜鲁门要在 46 年的选举中为民主党的选票鼓动工党自由派的热情将变得非常非常困难。
The 1946 mid-term elections would be, for Truman, a disaster.
对于杜鲁门来说，1946 年中期选举将是一场灾难。
Republicans blamed the President for America's problems, and most Americans seemed to agree.
共和党人将美国的问题归咎于总统，大多数美国人似乎也同意这一点。
Truman's popularity plummeted.
杜鲁门的支持率直线下降。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: It seems to me that Truman really hits rock bottom in the 1946 campaign.
阿隆佐·汉比（传记作者）：在我看来，杜鲁门在 1946 年竞选中确实跌入了谷底。
For an awful lot of people, he's still very much in the shadow of FDR.
对于很多人来说，他仍然处于罗斯福的阴影之下。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He wasn't coping very well and people were beginning to make fun of him.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他应对得不太好，人们开始取笑他。
"To err is Truman." "I'm just mild about Harry."
“杜鲁门犯了错误。” “我只是对哈利比较温和。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: There were periods there when Truman didn't look up to the job.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：有一段时间，杜鲁门并不看重这份工作。
The Republicans would say, yeah, he was a little man, who came out of nowhere, a haberdasher.
共和党人会说，是的，他是一个不知从何而来的小个子，一个服饰店。
There were shortages of practically everything -- bread, meat, housing.
几乎所有东西都短缺——面包、肉类、住房。
And inflation was threatening to undermine the economy -- prices had shot up six percent in a single month.
通货膨胀有可能破坏经济——价格在一个月内飙升了百分之六。
NELSON LICHTENSTEIN, Historian: What this meant was that millions and millions of potential Democratic voters, people who had voted for Roosevelt, they said, "To heck with it...
纳尔逊·利希滕斯坦，历史学家：这意味着数以百万计的潜在民主党选民，那些投票给罗斯福的人，他们说，“管它呢......
they bungled it."
他们搞砸了。”
And the Republicans said, "Had enough?" That was their slogan.
共和党人说：“受够了吗？”这是他们的口号。
People agreed with them.
人们同意他们的观点。
Truman gets blamed.
杜鲁门受到指责。
They stay home.
他们呆在家里。
The Republicans sweep to power.
共和党大获全胜上台。
The Republicans won control of the Senate, the House of Representatives, even the state governorships.
共和党赢得了参议院、众议院，甚至州长职位的控制权。
NELSON LICHTENSTEIN, Historian: The elections of '46 were a Republican sweep, a huge turnaround and why?
历史学家尼尔森·利希滕斯坦：46 年的选举是共和党大获全胜，这是一个巨大的转变，为什么？
Not because everyone voted Republican, but because the Democrats, the New Dealers, the labor people, they stayed home.
不是因为每个人都投票给共和党，而是因为民主党、新政党、工党，他们都呆在家里。
Discredited by his own party, voted down by the American people, Harry Truman, pundits were saying, was an embarrassment.
专家们说，哈里·杜鲁门被自己的政党抹黑，被美国人民投票否决，这是一种尴尬。
The disastrous election over, Truman fled to his vacation hideaway on Florida's Key West.
灾难性的选举结束后，杜鲁门逃到佛罗里达州基韦斯特的度假胜地。
"Dear Bess, I'm seeing no outsiders.
“亲爱的贝丝，我没有见到任何外人。
I don't give a damn how put out they get.
我根本不在乎他们有多沮丧。
I'm doing as I damn please for the next two years and to hell with all of them.
接下来的两年里我想做什么就做什么，让他们见鬼去吧。
The only regret I have is that you are not here...
我唯一的遗憾就是你不在...
You know I guess I'm a damn fool, but I'm happier when I can see you -- even when you give me hell I'd rather have you around than not."
你知道我想我是个该死的傻瓜，但当我能看到你时我会更高兴——即使你让我痛苦，我也宁愿有你在身边。”
Bess continued to spend as much time as she could in Independence.
贝丝继续尽可能多地呆在独立城。
When asked how it felt to be First Lady, she replied, "So-so." She looked, her husband said approvingly, "exactly as a woman of her age should look."
当被问及作为第一夫人感觉如何时，她回答说：“马马虎虎。”她的丈夫赞许地说，她看上去“完全就是她这个年纪的女人该有的样子。”
When Bess and Harry Truman had first moved into the White House, Bess's mother Madge Wallace had moved in too.
当贝丝和哈里·杜鲁门第一次搬入白宫时，贝丝的母亲玛奇·华莱士也搬了进来。
After more than a quarter of a century, she continued to call her son-in-law "Mr. Truman."
四分之一个多世纪后，她继续称女婿为“杜鲁门先生”。
She never did.
她从来没有这样做过。
That was I guess the thing that sticks out in my mind.
我想这就是我脑海中挥之不去的事情。
She was a lovely lady, but she just never, never...
她是一位可爱的女士，但她从来没有……
we....
我们……
could never figure it out why she just didn't care for the President.
她永远不明白为什么她就是不关心总统。
NORWOOD WILLIAMS, White House Butler: I think that she felt that Miss Bess was above him.
诺伍德·威廉姆斯，白宫管家：我认为她觉得贝丝小姐高于他。
Even though he was President, he was beneath Miss Bess.
尽管他是总统，但他的地位却低于贝丝小姐。
He was a failure in his haberdashery.
他的服饰生意很失败。
She would tell you.
她会告诉你。
Oh, she didn't mind telling you that even though he was the President of the United States, that she didn't care much for him or for his mother.
哦，她不介意告诉你，尽管他是美国总统，但她不太关心他或他的母亲。
I'm sorry, but that's the way it was.
抱歉，但事情就是这样。
As 1947 began, Harry Truman had been President for nearly two years.
1947 年伊始，哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 已担任总统近两年。
Humiliated in the mid-term elections, he had little hope of advancing the legacy of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal through the stubborn, Republican-controlled Congress.
由于在中期选举中蒙受羞辱，他几乎没有希望通过顽固的共和党控制的国会推进富兰克林·罗斯福新政的遗产。
But in the two years to come, the President who had been rejected at home, would make decisions that would determine the fate of the world for the next half-century.
但在接下来的两年里，这位在国内遭到拒绝的总统将做出决定未来半个世纪世界命运的决定。
Europe was devastated.
欧洲满目疮痍。
The war had left a continent in ruins.
战争使整个大陆变成一片废墟。
As poverty and starvation spread, chaos threatened to overwhelm the western democracies.
随着贫困和饥饿的蔓延，混乱威胁着西方民主国家。
Some feared the election of communist governments.
一些人担心共产主义政府的选举。
Others...
其他人...
Stalin, and the Red army.
斯大林和红军。
The Russian Dictator remained an enigma...
俄罗斯独裁者仍然是一个谜......
his intentions, unclear.
他的意图，尚不清楚。
Stalin did not yet have the atomic bomb, but the Soviet Union was a great military power, its armies spread across eastern Europe, poised to enforce Stalin's will.
斯大林还没有原子弹，但苏联是一个强大的军事强国，它的军队遍布东欧，随时准备执行斯大林的意志。
At Potsdam, Truman had been impressed with Stalin, even liked the man.
在波茨坦，杜鲁门对斯大林印象深刻，甚至喜欢这个人。
When the war ended, the President, like most Americans, had clung to the hope that Stalin would not impose communism on eastern Europe.
战争结束后，总统像大多数美国人一样，一直希望斯大林不会把共产主义强加于东欧。
But Truman's optimism dwindled as he saw -- Poland, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, East Germany -- fall behind a communist iron curtain.
但当杜鲁门看到波兰、罗马尼亚、南斯拉夫、保加利亚、东德落后于共产主义铁幕后，他的乐观情绪逐渐减弱。
Many Americans still argued that the Russians were not a threat to the United States.
许多美国人仍然认为俄罗斯人对美国不构成威胁。
But in the beginning of 1946, Truman said he was growing tired babying the Soviets.
但 1946 年初，杜鲁门表示，他已经厌倦了对苏联人的溺爱。
"I do not think we should play compromise any longer," he wrote his Secretary of State.
“我认为我们不应该再妥协，”他写信给他的国务卿。
"Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist, another war is in the making."
“除非俄罗斯面临铁拳，否则另一场战争正在酝酿之中。”
One month later Stalin declared that communism and capitalism were incompatible.
一个月后，斯大林宣布共产主义和资本主义是不相容的。
He called war inevitable.
他称战争不可避免。
Russia and America were moving into two opposing camps.
俄罗斯和美国正在进入两个对立的阵营。
The turning point came in Greece and Turkey, where Truman feared further communist expansion.
转折点出现在希腊和土耳其，杜鲁门担心那里的共产主义进一步扩张。
In a civil war in Greece, Greek communists threatened to topple the monarchy.
在希腊内战中，希腊共产党威胁要推翻君主制。
In Turkey, the Soviet Union was demanding control of the strategic Dardanelles straits.
在土耳其，苏联要求控制具有战略意义的达达尼尔海峡。
Two local conflicts would become the catalyst for a world-wide struggle against Communism.
两次局部冲突将成为世界范围内反共产主义斗争的催化剂。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: I think at this point Truman begins to see Stalin as an expansionist dictator.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：我认为此时杜鲁门开始将斯大林视为扩张主义独裁者。
And at that point you can begin to see Truman change and believe that the only thing that the Soviets understand, as he says, is strength, not negotiations.
到那时，你可以开始看到杜鲁门的改变，并相信苏联人唯一理解的事情，正如他所说，是力量，而不是谈判。
Truman had changed his mind.
杜鲁门改变了主意。
Now, he would have to change the minds of still-ambivalent Americans.
现在，他必须改变仍然矛盾的美国人的想法。
He would have to convince Congress that a crisis in two far-away countries threatened the security of the United States...
他必须让国会相信两个遥远国家的危机威胁着美国的安全……
that $400 million in military aid was needed to save Greece and Turkey.
需要 4 亿美元的军事援助来拯救希腊和土耳其。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman had to go to this Republican Congress that had gotten into power in the elections of 1946 by promising to cut taxes and to cut aid overseas.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：杜鲁门必须前往共和党国会，该国会在 1946 年的选举中通过承诺减税和削减海外援助而上台。
Truman was now going to have to go to these penny-pinching Republicans and get $400 million.
杜鲁门现在必须向这些吝啬的共和党人寻求 4 亿美元。
The question was, how did you do this?
问题是，你是怎么做到的？
Under Secretary of State Dean Acheson had the answer.
副国务卿迪安·艾奇逊给出了答案。
Acheson would one day become Secretary of State, and Truman would call him his "top brain man" in the cabinet.
艾奇逊有一天会成为国务卿，杜鲁门将称他为内阁中的“顶尖智囊”。
In 1947, Acheson, Truman, and Secretary of State George Marshal gathered together a bipartisan group of the most influential men in Congress, and Acheson laid out Truman's request for aid in the starkest terms.
1947年，艾奇逊、杜鲁门和国务卿乔治·马歇尔召集了国会中最有影响力的两党人士组成的团体，艾奇逊以最严厉的措辞提出了杜鲁门的援助请求。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: If you want the Congress to support the appropriations needed, there has to be a bit of a crisis atmosphere.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：如果你希望国会支持所需的拨款，就必须有一点危机气氛。
And so Acheson made a very impassioned speech and he laid it on very heavily about how the Russians would sweep across Europe.
因此，艾奇逊发表了一场非常慷慨激昂的演讲，他大力阐述了俄罗斯人将如何横扫欧洲。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: What Acheson said was, if the Soviets could win in Greece and in Turkey, then they would be in a position where there would be Soviet pressure on Italy, on the Mediterranean.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：艾奇逊所说的是，如果苏联能够在希腊和土耳其获胜，那么他们就会处于苏联对意大利和地中海地区施加压力的境地。
Once that pressure was established, there would be pressure on Western Europe and pretty soon the United States would be standing alone.
一旦这种压力形成，西欧就会受到压力，美国很快就会孤立无援。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: Senator Vandenberg, who was a leader of the Republicans, said to Acheson and to Truman, "If you can get that kind of a view across to the American people, we'll support you."
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：共和党领袖范登堡参议员对艾奇逊和杜鲁门说：“如果你能让美国人民明白这种观点，我们就会支持你。”
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: There was the story that Vandenberg said to Truman, "Mr. President, you're going to have to scare hell out of the American people." Whether or not Vandenberg said that, that's exactly what Harry Truman did.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：有一个故事是范登堡对杜鲁门说的：“总统先生，你将不得不把美国人民吓坏了。”无论范登堡是否这么说，哈里·杜鲁门确实就是这么做的。
"President Harry Truman comes before a joint session of Congress to make a momentous announcement.
“哈里·杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上宣布了一项重大声明。
A tense atmosphere prevails, for the nation's lawmakers realize that this may be the curtain raiser for events that will shape the destiny of America and the world."
紧张的气氛盛行，因为国家立法者意识到这可能是决定美国和世界命运的事件的序幕。”
TRUMAN SOUND ON FILM: "The gravity of the situation which confronts the world today necessitates my appearance before a joint session of the Congress."
电影中的杜鲁门之声：“当今世界面临的形势十分严峻，我必须出席国会联席会议。”
"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
“我认为，美国的政策必须支持那些抵抗少数武装或外部压力企图征服的自由人民。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: He was reminding Americans of what gradually had been sinking into the public consciousness that, ah, the aim of the Soviet Union was to expand its hegemony over as much of the world as it possibly could, and that was not to be permitted.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：他提醒美国人注意，苏联的目标是在世界上尽可能多的地区扩张其霸权，而这是不被允许的，这一点已经逐渐深入公众意识。
We would help free peoples maintain their freedom.
我们将帮助自由人民维护他们的自由。
TRUMAN SOUND ON FILM: If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world, and we shall surely endanger the welfare of this nation.
电影中的杜鲁门之声：如果我们的领导力动摇，我们可能会危及世界的和平，我们也肯定会危及这个国家的福祉。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman, the Midwestern politician, understood exactly how you sell these kinds of things to the American people, because what [he] did was to give a definition to the world that Americans could understand and which they could become committed to, because what Truman said was, "The world is essentially now divided in two.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：杜鲁门，这位中西部的政治家，完全理解如何向美国人民兜售这些东西，因为他所做的就是给世界一个美国人可以理解并且可以承诺的定义，因为杜鲁门所说的是，“世界现在基本上一分为二。
On one side are totalitarian and the enslaved peoples.
一方面是极权主义和被奴役的人民。
On the other side are the free peoples." He then looked at the Republicans and said, "Which side are you on?
另一边是自由人民。”然后他看着共和党人说：“你们站在哪一边？
If you are on the side of the free peoples, give me the $400 million dollars." That put the Republicans in a terrible, terrible position, which is exactly, of course, what Acheson and Truman had in mind.
如果你站在自由人民一边，就给我 4 亿美元。”这让共和党处于非常非常糟糕的境地，当然，这正是艾奇逊和杜鲁门的想法。
And Truman got his $400 million within a matter of weeks.
杜鲁门在几周内就拿到了 4 亿美元。
President Truman signs the bill for $400 million aid to Greece and Turkey.
杜鲁门总统签署了向希腊和土耳其提供 4 亿美元援助的法案。
The President had committed Americans to a battle against communism all across the world.
总统让美国人承诺在全世界范围内与共产主义作斗争。
The policy became known as the Truman Doctrine.
该政策被称为杜鲁门主义。
LUCIUS BATTLE, State Department: I was scared by it.
卢修斯·巴特尔（LUCIUS BATTLE），国务院：我被它吓到了。
I wondered how far reaching this was going to be.
我想知道这会达到多远。
What does it really mean?
它到底意味着什么？
This is a sweeping, sweeping decision.
这是一个彻底、彻底的决定。
Asking for an open-ended faith in a policy of protecting the free people and bringing freedom where it didn't exist around the world.
要求对保护自由人民并为世界各地不存在自由的地方带来自由的政策抱有开放的信念。
And that was the -- that has no limits, had no limits.
这就是——没有限制，没有限制。
And it was awfully hard to know exactly where those limits were.
而且很难确切地知道这些限制在哪里。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: It led to a more absolute view of the conflict.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：这导致了对冲突的更加绝对的看法。
And I once remonstrated with Acheson about this in my innocence -- I was very young then -- and (Laughs) he made it clear to me that, ah, if you want to get things done, you have to get congressional support and you have to do what's necessary to get it.
我曾天真地向艾奇逊提出抗议——当时我还很年轻——（笑）他向我明确表示，啊，如果你想把事情做好，你就必须得到国会的支持，而且你必须采取必要的措施来实现这一目标。
And this was essentially what came to be the language of the Administration.
这基本上就是后来政府的语言。
It became more and more alarmist.
它变得越来越危言耸听。
The President would resist communist aggression abroad.
总统将抵制共产主义在国外的侵略。
He had issued a declaration of cold war.
他发表了冷战宣言。
But in western Europe, there was more to fear from starvation and chaos than from the Red Army.
但在西欧，饥饿和混乱比红军更令人恐惧。
It had been the worst winter in living memory.
那是人们记忆中最糟糕的冬天。
The war had been over for more than two years, and western Europe seemed on the verge of collapse.
战争已经结束两年多了，西欧似乎濒临崩溃。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: If Western Europe was not helped and quickly, mass starvation would break out and there was the real danger that Western Europe would begin moving to the left very rapidly.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：如果西欧得不到迅速的帮助，大规模饥荒就会爆发，西欧将开始迅速左转，这是真正的危险。
The analysis made within the State Department at this point indicated that the way to deal with this was not militarily.
国务院内部的分析表明，解决这个问题的方法不是军事。
The way to deal with this was economically, to pump in between eight and $17 billion so that the Europeans would have the money to buy food from the United States, food and other resources.
解决这个问题的方法是经济上的，注入8到170亿美元，这样欧洲人就有钱从美国购买粮食、食品和其他资源。
Truman had already managed to persuade a reluctant Congress to give him $400 million for the Truman Doctrine.
杜鲁门已经成功说服了不情愿的国会为他的杜鲁门主义提供了 4 亿美元。
Now he convinced Congress to give him $13 billion more.
现在他说服国会再给他 130 亿美元。
No President had ever received so much money to aid people who weren't Americans.
从来没有哪位总统收到过如此多的资金来帮助非美国人。
He called his economic aid program -- the Marshal Plan, after his Secretary of State George Marshal, a man who commanded the respect of the entire country.
他将他的经济援助计划称为“马歇尔计划”，以他的国务卿乔治·马歇尔的名字命名，乔治·马歇尔赢得了整个国家的尊重。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: Some of the White House staff suggested to President Truman they didn't much like this idea of General Marshall getting credit for it.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：一些白宫工作人员向杜鲁门总统表示，他们不太喜欢马歇尔将军因此而获得功劳。
Truman was very firm on that.
杜鲁门对此非常坚定。
"The Congress will do anything George Marshall wants.
“国会会做乔治·马歇尔想要的任何事情。
If my name is on it, it probably will become controversial.
如果我的名字出现在上面，可能会引起争议。
I don't want it to become controversial.
我不希望它变得有争议。
I want it to succeed.
我希望它成功。
It's the Marshall Plan.
这就是马歇尔计划。
We'll have no more talk about changing the name."
我们不会再讨论改名的事了。”
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman would later say that the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were two halves of the same walnut.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：杜鲁门后来说，杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划是同一个核桃的两半。
The Truman Doctrine was the military and political commitment.
杜鲁门主义是军事和政治承诺。
The Marshall Plan was the 13 billion finally in economic commitment to rebuild what Truman called the "free peoples of the world".
马歇尔计划是最终投入 130 亿美元的经济承诺，旨在重建杜鲁门所谓的“世界自由人民”。
LUCIUS BATTLE, State Department: It became very popular, very quickly.
卢修斯·巴特尔（LUCIUS BATTLE），国务院：它很快就变得非常受欢迎。
No one expected that sort of altruism, that sort of sweeping thing coming out of us...
没有人预料到我们会表现出这种利他主义、那种彻底的行为……
this was much bigger than anybody had realized.
这比任何人想象的都要大得多。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: A great appeal of the Marshall Plan was that these billions that were being appropriated were being spent in the United States to farmers and manufacturers.
罗伯特·多诺万（记者）：马歇尔计划的一大吸引力在于，这些被拨款的数十亿美元都被花在了美国的农民和制造商身上。
That money wasn't spent in Europe.
这笔钱没有花在欧洲。
It was spent here, and that was a great appeal to Congress.
它被花在这里，这对国会来说是一个巨大的吸引力。
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: This was a terribly important decision, also it was a compassionate one, and understood as such.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW) 总裁助理：这是一个非常重要的决定，也是一个富有同情心的决定，并且可以这样理解。
It was a real badge of honor for Harry Truman.
这对哈里·杜鲁门来说是一枚真正的荣誉徽章。
While the President was rescuing Europe and mobilizing Americans to fight communism overseas, Republicans charged that there were communists here at home -- in Truman's own administration.
当总统正在拯救欧洲并动员美国人在海外对抗共产主义时，共和党人却指责国内——杜鲁门政府中也有共产主义者。
In the 30s, Republicans had claimed that there were communists in Roosevelt's New Deal.
20世纪30年代，共和党人声称罗斯福新政中有共产主义者。
Now they were demanding that Truman take action.
现在他们要求杜鲁门采取行动。
CLARK CLIFFORD, White House Council: There were lots of pressures developing about communists infiltrating our whole system.
克拉克·克利福德，白宫委员会：共产党渗透到我们的整个系统，给我们带来了很大的压力。
And he felt obliged to do something.
他觉得有义务做点什么。
He did not believe there were disloyal employees.
他不相信存在不忠诚的员工。
He did not believe that.
他不相信这一点。
He said on a number of occasions, "Our enemy is abroad.
他多次表示：“我们的敌人在国外。
Our enemy is not here at home."
我们的敌人并不在家。”
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: Truman is in a terrible position here because, if he had not done anything, he would have been open to the accusation that he was tough on communism abroad, but he was overlooking communists within his own government, whatever few there were.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：杜鲁门在这里的处境很糟糕，因为如果他不采取任何行动，他就会受到指责，说他在国外对共产主义采取强硬态度，但他却忽视了自己政府内部的共产主义者，无论其中有多少人。
On March 21, 1947, against his own better judgment, the President issued an extraordinary executive order: he established a loyalty program, making the political beliefs of every federal employee subject to investigation by the FBI.
1947 年 3 月 21 日，总统违背了自己的更好判断，发布了一项非常规行政命令：他建立了忠诚计划，使每一位联邦雇员的政治信仰都受到联邦调查局的调查。
ELLEN SCHRECKER, Historian: Truman, trying to mobilize public opinion for the Cold War, exaggerated the communist menace.
历史学家埃伦·施莱克：杜鲁门试图为冷战动员公众舆论，夸大了共产主义的威胁。
He presented, the Cold War as a kind of crusade against communist totalitarianism.
他将冷战描述为一种反对共产主义极权主义的十字军东征。
And you don't break up your crusade into "This is the European part.
而且你不会将你的十字军东征分解为“这是欧洲的部分。
We'll focus on this.
我们将重点关注这一点。
And let's not look at the American part." It was a total crusade.
我们不要看美国部分。”这是一场彻底的十字军东征。
Harry Truman was leading America in a new kind of war.
哈里·杜鲁门正在领导美国进行一场新型战争。
And he prepared the country as it had never been prepared before.
他为这个国家做好了前所未有的准备。
He created the Department of Defense; he established the National Security Council, and the CIA - the Central Intelligence Agency, putting the United States in the business of peacetime spying for the first time in its history.
他创建了国防部；他建立了国家安全委员会和中央情报局，使美国历史上首次涉足和平时期的间谍活动。
Soon there would be another first: NATO, America's first peacetime alliance -- a bulwark set in western Europe against communism.
很快就会出现另一个第一：北约，美国第一个和平时期的联盟——一个设在西欧的反对共产主义的堡垒。
Truman was changing the way Americans looked at the world, and at themselves.
杜鲁门正在改变美国人看待世界和自身的方式。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: I think Truman's great contribution to American politics was to figure out how to get Americans to commit themselves to a war which was cold rather than hot, a war which had not been declared, a war which is extremely complex, and yet which Truman defined as a rather "simple" war between the enslaved and the free peoples.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：我认为杜鲁门对美国政治的伟大贡献是弄清楚如何让美国人投身于一场冷战而不是热战，一场尚未宣战的战争，一场极其复杂的战争，但杜鲁门将其定义为被奴役人民与自由人民之间的一场相当“简单”的战争。
This is how he got Americans to commit themselves to the Cold War, in which Russian and American soldiers were beginning to peer across boundaries at each other.
这就是他如何让美国人投身于冷战，俄罗斯和美国士兵开始跨越国界互相窥视。
The Cold War had begun, and it would last for the next half-century.
冷战已经开始，并将持续接下来的半个世纪。
After three years in office, Truman was at last enjoying being President of the United States.
任职三年后，杜鲁门终于享受了担任美国总统的乐趣。
Dozens of newspapers described the 'new' Harry Truman -- calm, forceful, radiating authority.
数十家报纸描述了“新”哈里·杜鲁门——冷静、有力、散发着权威。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He had decided that he really liked the job, and that he was pretty good at it.
大卫·麦卡洛（DAVID MCCULLOUGH），传记作者：他认为自己真的很喜欢这份工作，而且他非常擅长这份工作。
And he took the Presidency very seriously, but he didn't take Harry Truman all that seriously all the time.
他非常认真地对待总统职位，但他并没有一直那么认真地对待哈里·杜鲁门。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: (VO) And sometimes he didn't seem very Presidential, and of course his opponents saw those as wonderful opportunities to belittle him.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：（画外音）有时他看起来不太像总统，当然，他的对手认为这是贬低他的绝佳机会。
Reporters made fun of his shirts and his poker games, criticized his cronies, and his fondness for good bourbon.
记者们取笑他的衬衫和扑克游戏，批评他的亲信以及他对优质波本威士忌的喜爱。
But Truman always remained himself.
但杜鲁门始终保持着他自己。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: He never made any effort to create a public relations image.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：他从未努力塑造公共关系形象。
He was what he was and he never pretended other.
他就是他自己，他从不假装别人。
And it was earthy, it was -- it came out of the heartland of America, with all its virtues and its limitations, too.
它是朴实的，它是——它来自美国的中心地带，既有它的优点，也有它的局限性。
REX SCOUTEN, Secret Service: He always said he was a farmer from Missouri trying to do his damnedest.
雷克斯·斯科滕（REX SCOUTEN），特勤局：他总是说自己是密苏里州的一名农民，正在尽自己最大的努力。
I think he gave everyone the impression no matter what your position was, that you were an important part of what he was trying to achieve.
我认为他给每个人的印象是，无论你的立场是什么，你都是他想要实现的目标的重要组成部分。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: I remember the very first time that the President invited me as a junior staff member to come to dinner.
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：我记得总统第一次邀请我作为一名初级工作人员来参加晚宴。
President Truman sat down at the piano, I began to soar into the clouds.
杜鲁门总统在钢琴前坐下，我开始翱翔云端。
And afterward, he turned from the piano and looked at me and sort of smiled and said, "You know," he said, "If I hadn't gotten into trouble by getting into politics, I would have made a hell of a good piano player at a whorehouse." And this was -- of course brought me down to earth.
随后，他从钢琴旁转过身来，看着我，微笑着说道，“你知道，”他说，“如果我没有因涉足政界而惹上麻烦，我一定会在妓院里成为一名出色的钢琴演奏家。”这当然让我脚踏实地。
He tended to look down on himself as a person, yet he revered the Presidential office.
他往往看不起自己作为一个人，但他却尊敬总统职位。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: And one time in a mood of reflection, he said, you know the President really is two people and one of them is the President.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：有一次他深思熟虑地说，你知道总统实际上是两个人，其中一个就是总统。
And then he sort of straightened in his chair and you could feel the sense of obligation that he had, which lifted him and his dignity and his sense of principled commitment.
然后他在椅子上挺直了身子，你可以感受到他的义务感，这提升了他的尊严和原则性的承诺感。
And then he sort of slumped a little bit, and said and then there's also the President as a human being and the wear and tear that goes with the job.
然后他有点沮丧，说道，然后还有总统作为一个人以及与工作相关的磨损。
Truman had said many times he never wanted to be President.
杜鲁门曾多次表示他从来不想当总统。
Now, he had changed his mind -- he wanted the job for four more years.
现在，他改变了主意——他想要这份工作再干四年。
He had failed his party in 1946.
1946 年，他的政党失败了。
He wanted to redeem himself in 1948.
1948年，他想救赎自己。
But he was about to risk fracturing the Democrats, by reaching out to Americans who by tradition and culture he had dismissed nearly all his life.
但他即将冒着分裂民主党的风险，向那些在传统和文化上他几乎一生都排斥的美国人伸出援手。
In the South, segregation ruled by law and custom as it had for generations.
在南方，种族隔离是由法律和习俗统治的，世代相传。
All across America African-Americans confronted poverty, prejudice, limited opportunity.
美国各地的非裔美国人都面临着贫困、偏见和机会有限的问题。
And black sailors and soldiers who had fought overseas for America's freedom, didn't like what they found when they returned home.
那些在海外为美国自由而战的黑人水手和士兵并不喜欢他们回国后所发现的一切。
VERNON JARRETT, Journalist: Here we are at the end of World War II.
弗农·贾勒特（VERNON JARRETT），记者：我们正处于第二次世界大战的尾声。
We had defeated one of the great racists in human history, Hitler and of course Mussolini, and Japan, but the whole climate said, "We are going to remain the same even though the war aims we had were lofty and idealistic and beautiful and -- and presaged a new world," and so forth, but "You are still a nigger." The United States was advertised as the "Arsenal for Democracy"...
我们击败了人类历史上最伟大的种族主义者之一，希特勒，当然还有墨索里尼和日本，但整个气氛说，“我们将保持不变，尽管我们的战争目标是崇高的、理想主义的、美丽的——并预示着一个新世界”，等等，但“你仍然是一个黑鬼。”美国被标榜为“民主军火库”……
but when it comes to the race question things have got to remain the same.
但当谈到种族问题时，事情必须保持不变。
In 1946, a horrible series of racial murders in the South shocked America.
1946年，南方发生了一系列可怕的种族谋杀案，震惊了美国。
Truman was outraged.
杜鲁门非常愤怒。
African-American leaders clamored for anti-lynching laws, but didn't expect much from the President from Missouri.
非裔美国领导人呼吁制定反私刑法，但对密苏里州总统的期望并不高。
ALONZO HAMBY, BIographer: It seems a pretty sure bet that privately he believed that most blacks were inferior to most whites, and I think it's fair to say that neither he nor Bess would have been pleased if Margaret had brought Sidney Poitier home for dinner.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作家：似乎可以肯定的是，他私下里相信大多数黑人不如大多数白人，而且我认为可以公平地说，如果玛格丽特带西德尼·波蒂埃回家吃晚饭，他和贝丝都不会高兴。
But he also came from a background that said everyone deserved an equal chance in life.
但他也来自一个认为每个人都应该在生活中享有平等机会的背景。
On June 28, 1947 Truman wrote his sister a letter.
1947 年 6 月 28 日，杜鲁门给他的妹妹写了一封信。
"I've got to make a speech tomorrow to the Society for the Advancement of Colored People and I wish I didn't have to make it...
“明天我必须在有色人种协进会发表演讲，我希望我不必出席......
Mamma won't like what I say."
妈妈不会喜欢我说的话。”
"There is no justifiable reason for discrimination because of ancestry or religion or race or color."
“没有正当理由因血统、宗教、种族或肤色而受到歧视。”
No President had ever before addressed the nearly 40-year-old NAACP.
此前还没有哪位总统向拥有近 40 年历史的全国有色人种协进会发表讲话。
Truman became the first, as he spoke to a rally of thousands at the Lincoln Memorial.
杜鲁门成为第一个在林肯纪念堂向数千人集会发表讲话的人。
A southerner by birth and inclination, he argued for equal rights for all Americans.
他出生于南方，倾向为所有美国人争取平等权利。
"We cannot any longer await the growth of a will to action in the slowest state or the most backward community.
“我们不能再等待最缓慢的国家或最落后的社区的行动意愿的增强。
Our national government must show the way."
我们的国家政府必须指明道路。”
DOROTHY HEIGHT, National Council of Negro Women: Well, I think everybody was thrilled...And I think the appearance that he had with the NAACP resounded all over.
多萝西·海特（DOROTHY HEIGHT），全国黑人妇女委员会：嗯，我想每个人都很激动……而且我认为他与全国有色人种协进会的亮相引起了广泛的反响。
Truman proved to be quite a surprise.
事实证明，杜鲁门的表现相当令人惊讶。
He was very different from what we had thought of in terms of a person of his background.
他的背景与我们想象中的非常不同。
But Truman hesitated to put civil rights legislation before Congress -- he feared that if he acted to help African-Americans, he would lose the support of southern Democrats.
但杜鲁门对于是否将民权立法提交国会犹豫不决——他担心，如果他采取行动帮助非裔美国人，他将失去南方民主党人的支持。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biography: There's a great conflict here and politically Truman has to choose -- is he going to go with the South?
阿朗佐·汉比，传记：这里存在着一场巨大的冲突，杜鲁门在政治上必须做出选择——他会选择南方吗？
or is he going to go with, ah, the Northern liberals and the, black constituency and the civil rights program they favor?
还是他会支持北方自由主义者和黑人选区以及他们所支持的民权计划？
On February 2, 1948, Truman became the first President to send a special message to Congress on civil rights.
1948 年 2 月 2 日，杜鲁门成为第一位就民权问题向国会发出特别信息的总统。
He called for anti-lynching laws, abolition of the poll tax, establishment of a commission on civil rights, desegregation of the armed forces.
他呼吁制定反私刑法、废除人头税、建立民权委员会、废除武装部队种族隔离。
VERNON JARRETT, Journalist: It was a great message.
弗农·贾勒特（VERNON JARRETT），记者：这是一个很棒的信息。
You hadn't had anything like that before!
你以前没有经历过这样的事情！
Prior to that, we couldn't even get a President to make an oratorical statement.
在此之前，我们甚至无法让总统发表演讲。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to The President: He recognized that the chances of much legislation, any legislation, getting through that Congress was practically nil.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：他认识到，许多立法、任何立法在国会获得通过的机会几乎为零。
The point was, you had to start sometime and he was going to start.
关键是，你必须在某个时候开始，而他也会开始。
Southern newspapers called Truman's civil rights legislation a "dismaying document," based on a "pernicious fallacy." "Here we have the making of a veritable Gestapo."
南方报纸称杜鲁门的民权立法是基于“恶性谬论”的“令人沮丧的文件”。 “在这里，我们正在打造一个名副其实的盖世太保。”
HARRY BYRD, Senator: Most of the Southern senators felt it went too far.
哈利·伯德（HARRY BYRD），参议员：大多数南方参议员认为这太过分了。
Senator Byrd Sr. was in the Senate at that time and he, ah, he felt that some of the civil rights legislation went too far and he opposed it.
老伯德参议员当时在参议院,他啊他觉得有些民权立法走得太远了,他反对。
VERNON JARRETT, Journalist: Equal this, equal that.
弗农·贾勒特（VERNON JARRETT），记者：等于这个，等于那个。
The whole thing just wreaked, in terms of how the Southerners looked at it, with "concessions to niggers." Let's put it the way -- this is what they said.
从南方人的角度来看，整个事情只是“向黑鬼让步”而已。这么说吧——他们是这么说的。
KEN HECHLER, White House Assistant: I recall Mrs. Leonard Thomas, one of the Alabama national committeemen, came to Truman and said to him, "Please don't force miscegenation on the South.
肯·赫克勒，白宫助理：我记得阿拉巴马州全国委员会成员之一伦纳德·托马斯夫人来到杜鲁门面前对他说：“请不要强迫南方通婚。
Please tell the South that you really don't believe and you're gonna take back what you said about civil rights." And Truman looked at her, and pulled out a copy of the Bill of Rights, and said, "I'm the President of all the people.
请告诉南方，你们真的不相信，你们要收回你们所说的关于民权的话。”杜鲁门看着她，拿出一份《权利法案》，说道：“我是全体人民的总统。
I want you to know that I'm not gonna take back a word of what I said."
我想让你知道，我不会收回我说过的话。”
The battle over civil rights was a political disaster.
民权之争是一场政治灾难。
A Gallup Poll showed that the vast majority of Americans opposed the President's stand.
盖洛普民意调查显示，绝大多数美国人反对总统的立场。
Civil Rights was hurting Truman's chances for re-election.
民权运动正在损害杜鲁门连任的机会。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: At the same time as his civil rights message was splitting the Democratic Party, the issue of what was to happen in Palestine comes to the fore.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：在他的民权信息分裂民主党的同时，巴勒斯坦将要发生的事情的问题也成为人们关注的焦点。
Since the end of the 19th century, the Jewish people had aspired to establish a homeland in Palestine.
19世纪末以来，犹太人就渴望在巴勒斯坦建立家园。
Now, after the devastation of the Holocaust, Jews fiercely lobbied Truman to recognize a new Jewish State there, even enlisting Eddie Jacobson, his old partner in the haberdashery, to win Truman to their cause.
现在，大屠杀造成的破坏之后，犹太人强烈游说杜鲁门承认在那里建立一个新的犹太国家，甚至招募了他在小百货店的老伙伴埃迪·雅各布森，以赢得杜鲁门支持他们的事业。
But Secretary of State, George Marshal feared that Arabs, claiming Palestine as their own, would cut off the world's supply of oil and throw the Middle East into turmoil.
但国务卿乔治·马歇尔担心阿拉伯人声称巴勒斯坦是他们自己的，会切断世界石油供应并使中东陷入混乱。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Marshal was the American that Harry Truman admired more than any other.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：元帅是哈里·杜鲁门最崇拜的美国人。
Now for Truman to go against George Marshall....
现在杜鲁门要对抗乔治·马歇尔......
was for him one of the most difficult moments in his entire Presidency.
对他来说，这是他整个总统任期中最困难的时刻之一。
Forced to choose between the advice of George Marshal and his sympathies for the Jewish people, Truman, on May 14, 1948, gave de facto recognition to Israel.
杜鲁门被迫在乔治·元帅的建议和他对犹太人民的同情之间做出选择，于 1948 年 5 月 14 日事实上承认了以色列。
He did what he thought was right -- and at the same time won the votes of Jewish citizens.
他做了他认为正确的事情——同时赢得了犹太公民的选票。
In 1948, Truman would need all the votes he could get.
1948 年，杜鲁门需要获得所有他能得到的选票。
In spite of his triumphs overseas, many Americans still questioned his effectiveness at home.
尽管他在海外取得了胜利，但许多美国人仍然质疑他在国内的效率。
On June 21st, the Republicans convened in Philadelphia.
6月21日，共和党在费城召开会议。
After three days of celebrating free enterprise and denouncing Harry Truman, they nominated for President the urbane, progressive Governor of New York, Thomas Dewey.
经过三天的庆祝自由企业和谴责哈里·杜鲁门之后，他们提名温文尔雅、进步的纽约州州长托马斯·杜威为总统。
I pray God that I may deserve this opportunity to serve our country.
我祈求上帝让我值得有这个机会为我们的国家服务。
In all humility I accept the nomination.
我谦虚地接受提名。
Four years earlier, Dewey had run a strong race against the undefeatable Franklin Roosevelt.
四年前，杜威与不可战胜的富兰克林·罗斯福进行了一场激烈的竞争。
This time around, Republicans giddily anticipated victory against Roosevelt's stand-in -- Harry Truman.
这一次，共和党人欣喜若狂地期待着战胜罗斯福的替身哈里·杜鲁门。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He still appeared to a lot of Americans to be a little guy, an ordinary man, someone who utterly lacked the charisma of his predecessor, Roosevelt.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：在很多美国人看来，他仍然是一个小人物，一个普通人，完全缺乏他的前任罗斯福的魅力。
Americans still really wondered whether someone who appeared to be so much like themselves could really handle the duties and responsibilities of the Presidency.
美国人仍然很想知道一个看起来与自己如此相似的人是否能够真正履行总统的职责和责任。
In July, the Democrats gathered in the same Philadelphia hall where two weeks earlier the Republicans had given their nomination to Thomas Dewey.
七月，民主党聚集在费城的同一个大厅，两周前共和党已将提名提名给托马斯·杜威。
For the first time, television was there to report the story.
电视第一次报道了这个故事。
Truman watched from the Oval Office what Newsweek magazine would call "the worst managed, most dispirited convention in American history."
杜鲁门在椭圆形办公室观看了《新闻周刊》杂志所说的“美国历史上管理最差、最沮丧的大会”。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: There was no air-conditioning, and it was from the beginning a sweltering convention, in the hotel rooms as well as in the hall.
罗伯特·多诺万（记者）：会议没有空调，会议从一开始就是一场闷热的会议，无论是在酒店房间还是在大厅里。
It was a dismal convention from the start because the convention thought that they were gonna nominate a loser.
这从一开始就是一次令人沮丧的大会，因为大会认为他们将提名一个失败者。
No one in that convention hall thought Truman could win.
会议厅里没有人认为杜鲁门会获胜。
The Democratic party was splitting apart, and no one thought Harry Truman could hold it together.
民主党正在分裂，没有人认为哈里·杜鲁门能够将其团结起来。
Left-leaning Democrats had already turned to the Progressive Party and their candidate for President, Henry Wallace.
左倾民主党已经转向进步党及其总统候选人亨利·华莱士。
Conservative Southern Democrats, furious over Truman's stand on civil rights, were threatening to walk out of the convention.
保守的南方民主党人对杜鲁门在民权问题上的立场感到愤怒，威胁要退出大会。
ARCHIVAL SOUND ON FILM OF MISSISSIPPI DELEGATE: "The delegation from Mississippi cannot be true to the people of that great state if they did not join in this walkout."
密西西比州代表电影中的档案声音：“如果密西西比州代表团不参加这次罢工，他们就不可能忠于这个伟大州的人民。”
In the end, three dozen southern delegates bolted.
最后，三打南方代表逃跑了。
Two days later, they formed their own party, the "Dixiecrats."
两天后，他们成立了自己的政党“迪克西克拉特”。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And it seemed, another devastating blow to Truman's prospects.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：这似乎是对杜鲁门前景的又一次毁灭性打击。
The combination of the Southerners walking out, and Henry Wallace leading his own Progressive Party campaign, plus all the gloom and doom that seemed to prevail throughout the Democratic Party, spelled only defeat.
南方人退出，亨利·华莱士领导了自己的进步党竞选活动，再加上整个民主党似乎普遍笼罩在悲观和厄运之中，这一切都意味着失败。
Spelled a very bleak future.
预示着未来十分黯淡。
But as Harry Truman arrived in Philadelphia, he was anything but bleak.
但当哈里·杜鲁门抵达费城时，他的心情却一点也不黯淡。
In a small, windowless room beneath the convention floor, he sat with Vice Presidential nominee Alben Barkley and waited.
在会议地板下一间没有窗户的小房间里，他和副总统候选人阿尔本·巴克利坐在一起等待。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: They kept him waiting 'til almost two o'clock in the morning.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他们让他一直等到凌晨两点。
Everybody was exhausted.
每个人都筋疲力尽了。
They felt demoralized.
他们感到士气低落。
They didn't, many of them, want Harry Truman to be their candidate.
他们中的许多人并不希望哈里·杜鲁门成为他们的候选人。
The Southerners had walked out of the convention.
南方人退出了大会。
And so, at two o'clock in the morning, out came Harry Truman in his white linen suit, and he stood up there, and he said,
于是，凌晨两点，哈里·杜鲁门穿着白色亚麻西装走了出来，他站在那里说：
TRUMAN SPEECH: "Senator Barkley and I will win this election and make these Republicans like it.
杜鲁门演讲：“巴克利参议员和我将赢得这次选举，并让这些共和党人喜欢它。
Don't you forget that."
你别忘了这一点。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: He's a fighter.
阿隆佐·汉比，传记作者：他是一名战士。
Truman is not about the slink out of town with his tail between his legs.
杜鲁门并不是夹着尾巴溜出城的人。
HARRY TRUMAN "The Republican platform cries about cruelly high prices..."
哈里·杜鲁门“共和党纲领对残酷的高物价大喊大叫……”
Truman had come into the Presidency bewildered and frightened.
杜鲁门就任总统时感到困惑和恐惧。
Now, the delegates sat stunned as a fire-breathing Truman tore into the Republicans.
现在，代表们惊愕地看着喷火的杜鲁门猛烈攻击共和党。
TRUMAN "The Republican platform comes out for slum clearance and low rental housing.
杜鲁门：“共和党的政纲是为了清理贫民窟和低租金住房。
I've been trying to get them to pass that housing bill ever since they met the first time.
自从他们第一次见面以来，我一直在努力让他们通过住房法案。
Truman challenged the Republicans to live up to their promises.
杜鲁门要求共和党兑现他们的承诺。
TRUMAN: I am therefore calling the Congress back into session on the 26th of July.
杜鲁门：因此，我召集国会于 7 月 26 日重新开会。
If there's any reality behind that Republican platform we ought to get some action out of the short session of the 80th Congress.
如果共和党的纲领背后有任何现实的话，我们应该在第 80 届国会的短暂会议上采取一些行动。
They can do this job within 15 days, if they want to do it, and they'll still have time to go out and run for office.
如果他们愿意的话，他们可以在 15 天内完成这项工作，而且他们仍然有时间出去竞选公职。
Truman had come out fighting, but still, no one thought he could win.
杜鲁门出来战斗，但仍然没有人认为他能获胜。
All the polls made him a sure loser.
所有的民意调查都表明他肯定是失败者。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Everybody thought he was going to lose.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：每个人都认为他会失败。
I mean, that's not just a figure of speech, even members of his own family.
我的意思是，这不仅仅是一种比喻，甚至是他自己的家人。
His mother-in-law was quite sure that Harry Truman was going to lose.
他的岳母非常确信哈里·杜鲁门会失败。
Truman's Republican opponent was everything Truman was not.
杜鲁门的共和党对手与杜鲁门完全不同。
Educated, smooth, sophisticated, Tom Dewey was prepared, he said, to turn back 16 years of Democratic rule.
汤姆·杜威受过良好教育、圆滑、老练，他说，他已经准备好扭转民主党 16 年的统治。
DEWEY: "I pledge to you that on next January 20th, there will begin in Washington the biggest unraveling, unsnarling, untangling operation in our nation's history."
杜威：“我向你们保证，明年 1 月 20 日，华盛顿将开始我们国家历史上最大规模的瓦解行动。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: From the beginning Dewey was transfixed by polls and by Time Magazine and everyone else who was boosting him for President.
记者罗伯特·多诺万：从一开始，杜威就被民意调查、《时代杂志》和所有支持他竞选总统的人所震惊。
He was very pleased with himself, very pleased with what he'd done.
他对自己非常满意，对自己所做的事情非常满意。
Very sure that he was going to go on and be a great figure.
非常确信他会继续前进并成为一个伟大的人物。
They were so confident that some of the Dewey people had already bought houses in Washington.
他们非常有信心，杜威的一些人已经在华盛顿买了房子。
On September 17th, Truman set out on what would become one of the most famous campaigns in American history.
9 月 17 日，杜鲁门开始了美国历史上最著名的竞选活动之一。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: He was saying good-bye to everybody and so forth and Alben Barkley, a very good-hearted man, came up and said, "Give 'em hell, Harry!" And Truman said something.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：他正在向所有人等告别，阿尔本·巴克利，一个非常善良的人，走过来说，“让他们见鬼去吧，哈利！”杜鲁门说了些什么。
"I'll give 'em hell.
“我会让他们见鬼去吧。
I'll give 'em hell, Alben." We had nothing to write about.
我会让他们见鬼去吧，阿尔本。”我们没什么可写的。
The train's starting out on a Sunday afternoon, so everyone's writing about "give 'em hell."
火车在周日下午出发，所以每个人都在写“让他们见鬼去吧”。
From then on, "Give 'em Hell Harry" would become Harry Truman's battle cry.
从那时起，“让哈利见鬼去吧”将成为哈里·杜鲁门的战斗口号。
During the next six weeks, Truman would travel 22,000 miles -- criss-crossing the country three times.
在接下来的六周内，杜鲁门将旅行 22,000 英里，三次穿越全国。
The issues, he said, were simple.
他说，问题很简单。
The Republicans wanted to turn back the clock, destroy Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
共和党人想让时光倒流，摧毁富兰克林·罗斯福的新政。
Truman was going to stop them.
杜鲁门打算阻止他们。
TRUMAN "If you give the Republicans complete control of this government, you might just as well turn it over to the special interests and we'll start on a boom and bust cycle and try to go through just what we did in the 20s.
杜鲁门：“如果你让共和党完全控制这个政府，你也可以把它交给特殊利益集团，我们将开始繁荣和萧条的周期，并尝试重复我们在 20 年代所做的事情。
And end up with a crash which in the long run will do nobody any good but the communists.
最终会导致一场崩溃，从长远来看，除了共产党之外，对任何人都没有好处。
Truman kept up a grueling pace, giving no-quarter to his opponents.
杜鲁门保持着艰苦的步伐，不给对手任何宽恕。
When the Progressive party candidate Henry Wallace argued for co-operation with the Soviet Union, Truman attacked Wallace as a communist pawn.
当进步党候选人亨利·华莱士主张与苏联合作时，杜鲁门攻击华莱士为共产主义棋子。
When the segregationist "Dixiecrat" party nominated Strom Thurmond, Truman desegregated the armed forces, winning the votes of black Americans, and changing the American military forever.
当主张种族隔离的“迪克西克拉特”政党提名斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德时，杜鲁门取消了武装部队的种族隔离，赢得了美国黑人的选票，并永远改变了美国军队。
VERNON JARRETT, Journalist: The armed forces, the seat of segregation, the seat of racism, and to have him issue that order, for whatever reason, was a great leap forward in history.
弗农·贾勒特（VERNON JARRETT），记者：武装部队，种族隔离的发源地，种族主义的发源地，让他发布这一命令，无论出于何种原因，都是历史上的一大飞跃。
Campaigning as if he had already won, Tom Dewey took no risks, offered no surprises.
汤姆·杜威在竞选时就好像他已经获胜一样，没有冒任何风险，也没有带来任何意外。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: His whole campaign was being run according to what the polls were telling him to do.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：他的整个竞选活动都是根据民意调查的结果进行的。
Don't rock the boat.
别惹事生非。
Don't say anything to antagonize anyone.
不要说任何对抗任何人的话。
Don't say anything controversial, just be calm smooth, speak in platitudes...
不要说任何有争议的话，只是平静流畅，说些陈词滥调……
DEWEY "We believe in honesty, loyalty, fair play, concern for our neighbors, the innate ability of men to achieve.
杜威“我们相信诚实、忠诚、公平竞争、关心邻居以及人类与生俱来的成就能力。
These convictions arched over by our faith in God, are the inner meaning of the American way of life.
这些由我们对上帝的信仰所支撑的信念，是美国生活方式的内在意义。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: He didn't seem to have much empathy, if that's the word.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：如果可以用这个词来形容的话，他似乎没有太多同理心。
You wouldn't cuddle up to Tom Dewey.
你不会拥抱汤姆·杜威。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The Dewey campaign was very efficient -- it was very carefully orchestrated.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜威的竞选活动非常有效——它是经过精心策划的。
The official drink on board the Dewey train was the martini.
杜威火车上的官方饮料是马提尼酒。
The card game was bridge.
纸牌游戏是桥牌。
On the Truman train, things were quite different.
在杜鲁门号列车上，情况就大不相同了。
The drink of the hour was nearly always bourbon, and the -- and the card game was poker.
当下最流行的饮品几乎都是波本威士忌，而纸牌游戏则是扑克。
Truman kept that train really moving...
杜鲁门让火车继续行驶......
And he traveled and traveled and traveled.
他旅行了，旅行了，旅行了。
But he seemed to draw energy from it.
但他似乎从中汲取了能量。
He loved it.
他喜欢它。
And as he progressed, he got better.
随着他的进步，他变得更好。
And the more he traveled, the more the crowds turned out, and the larger the crowds were.
而且他走得越远，出来的人就越多，而且规模也越大。
MARIAN NORBY, White House Staff Member: Every town we'd pulled into had a high school band that played "The Missouri Waltz" before this President spoke.
玛丽安·诺比，白宫工作人员：在这位总统讲话之前，我们进入的每个城镇都有一支高中乐队演奏“密苏里华尔兹”。
And everybody got so sick of that.
每个人都对此感到厌倦。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: Always there was a Missouri Waltz.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：总是有一首密苏里华尔兹。
(Sings Waltz Briefly) And Truman, I'm told, hated the Missouri Waltz and everywhere he had the Missouri Waltz!
（简短地唱华尔兹）据我所知，杜鲁门讨厌密苏里华尔兹，而他到处都有密苏里华尔兹！
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: Harry was a damned good campaigner.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，UAW 总统助理：哈利是一位非常出色的活动家。
He loved to get out and mix with people and he knew how to talk their language.
他喜欢出去和人们打交道，并且知道如何说他们的语言。
You know, he was no high-falutin' guy.
你知道，他并不是一个自高自大的人。
He could be understood by every factory worker, every coal miner, every textile worker, every housewife.
每个工厂工人、每个煤矿工人、每个纺织工人、每个家庭主妇都可以理解他。
"I've been in politics a long time and it makes no difference what they say about you if it isn't so.
“我从政已经很长时间了，如果事实并非如此，他们对你的评价也没有什么区别。
If they can prove it on you, you're in a bad fix indeed."
如果他们能在你身上证明这一点，那你的处境确实很糟糕。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: He understood people.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：他了解人们。
He especially understood people of his area, the Midwest, the farmers.
他特别了解他所在地区的人们，即中西部地区的农民。
"Vote for your farms.
“为你的农场投票。
Vote for the standard of living that you won under a Democratic Administration.
为您在民主党政府领导下赢得的生活水平投票。
Get out there on Election day and vote for your future."
在选举日出去投票，为你的未来投票。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: You know, I covered every inch of the Truman whistle-stop campaign.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：你知道，我报道了杜鲁门哨声停止运动的每一寸。
I was in every farm yard and main street and the rest of it.
我走遍了每一个农场庭院、主要街道以及其他地方。
And I'd see these big crowds and I'd think, "Well, Dewey has bigger crowds." Whatever I felt, I thought Dewey was going to win.
当我看到这些大群人时，我会想，“嗯，杜威有更多的人群。”无论我感觉如何，我都认为杜威会赢。
I didn't know anyone who thought otherwise, anybody.
我不知道有谁有不同的想法。
As the campaign drew to a close, the New York Times was predicting Dewey would run away with the election.
随着竞选接近尾声，《纽约时报》预测杜威将在选举中落败。
The Gallup Poll was so certain of the outcome, it stopped polling before the end of October.
盖洛普民意调查对结果非常确定，因此在十月底之前停止了民意调查。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The night of the election, the head of the Secret Service went to New York to be with Mr. Dewey, because he clearly was gonna be the next president.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：选举当晚，特勤局局长前往纽约与杜威先生会面，因为他显然将成为下一任总统。
And it just looked like a sure thing.
这看起来像是一件肯定的事情。
And, the only one who didn't think it was a sure thing was Harry Truman.
而且，唯一不认为这是确定的事情的人是哈里·杜鲁门。
One evening, three or four days before the election, an anxious Bess Truman went quietly to see her husband's aide Clark Clifford.
选举前三四天的一天晚上，焦急的贝丝·杜鲁门悄悄去见她丈夫的助手克拉克·克利福德。
CLARK CLIFFORD, White House Council: And she said, "Clark, do you think Harry really believes that he can win?" And I said, "He gives every assurance of it, Mrs. Truman." She says, "Well, he keeps saying he's going to win." "Well," I said, "that's the way he feels." I said, "He's going to feel that way right up to the end." "But," she said, "it's so hard to find anybody else who thinks that he can win." I think she felt that he did not have any chance of winning.
克拉克·克利福德，白宫委员会：她说：“克拉克，你认为哈利真的相信他能赢吗？”我说：“杜鲁门夫人，他对此做出了充分的保证。”她说：“嗯，他一直说他会赢。” “嗯，”我说，“他就是这么感觉的。”我说：“他直到最后都会有这种感觉。” “但是，”她说，“很难找到其他人认为他能赢。”我想她觉得他没有任何获胜的机会。
On election night, to escape reporters, Truman checked into a hotel in Excelsior Springs, just outside of Independence.
选举之夜，为了躲避记者，杜鲁门入住了独立城郊外埃克塞尔西奥斯普林斯的一家酒店。
He had a ham and cheese sandwich, a glass of buttermilk and went to sleep.
他吃了一个火腿奶酪三明治，喝了一杯酪乳，然后就去睡觉了。
When he woke up, he learned he had pulled off the greatest upset in the history of American politics.
当他醒来时，他得知自己已经完成了美国政治史上最大的失败。
Not one pollster or radio commentator or newspaper columnist had got it right.
没有一位民意测验专家、广播评论员或报纸专栏作家的说法是正确的。
No one had dared predict a Truman victory.
没有人敢预测杜鲁门会获胜。
DEWEY "I've sent the following wire to President Truman.
杜威：“我已向杜鲁门总统发送了以下电报。
My heartiest congratulations to you on your election and every good wish for a successful administration.
我衷心祝贺你当选，并祝愿你的政府取得成功。
I urge all Americans to unite behind you."
我敦促所有美国人团结在你身后。”
VICTOR REUTHER, Assistant to the President, UAW: Truman came through as a feisty fighter, and we loved that you know.
维克多·路瑟 (VICTOR REUTHER)，美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW) 总统助理：杜鲁门是一位精力充沛的战士，我们很喜欢这一点。
The labor movement came around to admire Truman.
劳工运动开始钦佩杜鲁门。
We knew that on basic issues he would stand with the people, including working people against special interests.
我们知道，在基本问题上，他会与人民站在一起，包括反对特殊利益的劳动人民。
And that he was concerned and determined to help carry through the legacy of FDR.
他关心并决心帮助继承罗斯福的遗产。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: We'll never know how many people voted for him because, even though they thought he was going to lose, they liked him.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：我们永远不会知道有多少人投票给他，因为即使他们认为他会输，但他们喜欢他。
Certainly, a very great many people said later, "I voted for Harry Truman, even though I was sure he was going to lose, because I liked him." It was the high point of his political life.
当然，很多人后来说：“我投票给了哈里·杜鲁门，尽管我确信他会输，因为我喜欢他。”这是他政治生涯的顶峰。
He had made all the smarties look foolish.
他让所有聪明人都显得愚蠢。
"I am most happy -- most happy to have together all the September Democrats, and the October Democrats, and the Monday Democrats, and the Tuesday Democrats, and the Wednesday Democrats."
“我很高兴——最高兴能与所有九月民主党人、十月民主党人、周一民主党人、周二民主党人和周三民主党人聚集在一起。”
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: He got a tremendous welcome when he came back to Washington, just tremendous.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：当他回到华盛顿时，他受到了热烈的欢迎，非常热烈。
One of the biggest turnouts the town had seen.
这是该镇有史以来参加人数最多的一次。
He just glowed with it.
他只是因此而容光焕发。
But, boy, he came to a tough second term.
但是，天哪，他的第二个任期很艰难。
That's a tough second term.
这是一个艰难的第二个任期。
Sixty-four years old, Truman had redeemed himself and his party...
六十四岁的杜鲁门救赎了自己和他的政党……
but in the next four years, he would need all his Missouri optimism to confront the challenges he would meet abroad and the frustrations he would suffer at home.
但在接下来的四年里，他需要发挥密苏里州的全部乐观精神来应对他在国外遇到的挑战和在国内遇到的挫折。
"Every segment of our population and every individual has a right to expect from our government a Fair Deal."
“我们的每一部分人口和每个人都有权期望我们的政府提供公平交易。”
At home, Truman once again evoked the spirit of Franklin Roosevelt, and asked Congress to support what he now called "the Fair Deal" -- a higher minimum wage, civil rights, aid to education, health insurance for all Americans.
在国内，杜鲁门再次唤起了富兰克林·罗斯福的精神，并要求国会支持他现在所说的“公平协议”——提高最低工资、公民权利、教育援助、为所有美国人提供医疗保险。
Congress refused.
国会拒绝了。
One critic called it 'the same old dog with a new name.'
一位评论家称其为“同一条老狗，换了个新名字”。
Overseas, Truman was facing a new threat from the Soviet Union.
在海外，杜鲁门面临着来自苏联的新威胁。
In reaction to America's efforts to strengthen West Germany, the Russians had blockaded western controlled Berlin, cutting all rail, highway, and water traffic in and out of the city.
为了回应美国加强西德的努力，俄罗斯人封锁了西方控制的柏林，切断了进出该市的所有铁路、公路和水路交通。
Two and a half million Berliners had only enough food to last a month.
二百五十万柏林人的食物只够维持一个月。
But Truman would force the communists to back down.
但杜鲁门将迫使共产党让步。
In a daring move, Truman ordered a full scale airlift to fly food and supplies for more than a year to the beleaguered Berliners.
杜鲁门采取了一项大胆的举动，下令进行全面空运，向陷入困境的柏林人运送一年多以来的食品和物资。
Truman had once again confronted the Soviet Union with a show of strength.
杜鲁门再次向苏联展示实力。
But his efforts to stand firm were challenged by two blows that came in swift succession.
但他坚守立场的努力遭到了接连而来的两次打击的挑战。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: In late August of 1949, Truman learned from American intelligence that the Soviets had exploded an atomic device.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：1949 年 8 月下旬，杜鲁门从美国情报部门获悉，苏联爆炸了一个原子装置。
And this shocked Truman.
这震惊了杜鲁门。
America's monopoly on the atomic bomb had ended.
美国对原子弹的垄断结束了。
Just weeks later, China, the most populous country in the world, fell to Mao Tse Tung's communists.
仅仅几周后，世界上人口最多的国家中国就落入了毛泽东的共产党手中。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: In Congress and in the country, there was a feeling that something must be wrong in Washington.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：在国会和国内，人们有一种感觉，华盛顿一定出了什么问题。
Something must be wrong in the government.
政府肯定出了什么问题。
And out of this fear and this uncertainty arose the voice of Senator Joe McCarthy, who began to rant and rave about Communist conspiracy and high treason in high places.
出于这种恐惧和不确定性，参议员乔·麦卡锡发出了声音，他开始对共产主义阴谋和高层叛国行为大肆咆哮。
As Americans grew increasingly frightened by a world that seemed to be spinning out of control, the pressure on Truman mounted to spend more money on defense.
随着美国人对一个似乎失控的世界越来越感到恐惧，杜鲁门面临着在国防上投入更多资金的压力。
Early in 1950, the National Security Council tried to convince the President to quadruple military spending, but Truman turned their request aside.
1950 年初，国家安全委员会试图说服总统将军费开支增加四倍，但杜鲁门拒绝了他们的请求。
He believed that the best way to fight communism was by building a strong America, and to Truman, that began with a balanced budget.
他认为对抗共产主义的最佳方式是建设一个强大的美国，而对杜鲁门来说，这始于平衡的预算。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: There's a story that Harry Truman made his defense budget somewhat like this.
沃尔特·拉夫伯（Walter LAFEBER），历史学家：有一个故事，哈里·杜鲁门（Harry Truman）的国防预算有点像这样。
He would take the amount of money coming into the government every year, he'd put it on a piece of paper, he'd subtract from that figure whatever was needed for education, running the government, so on.
他会把每年进入政府的资金数额记在一张纸上，然后从这个数字中减去教育、管理政府等所需的资金。
Whatever was left was the defense budget for that year.
剩下的就是当年的国防预算。
But then, in early summer, everything changed.
但后来，初夏时节，一切都变了。
Harry Truman was about to confront the communists one more time.
哈里·杜鲁门即将再次与共产党对抗。
And he would need all his stamina and grit to keep from going under.
他需要所有的耐力和勇气才能避免失败。
Saturday, June 24, 1950 was a baking hot summer day in Independence, Missouri.
1950 年 6 月 24 日星期六，密苏里州独立城一个炎热的夏日。
Truman was home spending the weekend with his family in the house where he and Bess had lived with Bess's mother ever since they were married 30 years before.
杜鲁门 (Truman) 与家人在家里过周末，他们住在自 30 年前结婚以来，他和贝丝 (Bess) 就与贝丝 (Bess) 的母亲住在一起的房子里。
At nine o'clock, he received a phone call from Secretary of State Dean Acheson.
九点钟，他接到国务卿迪安·艾奇逊的电话。
"Mr. President," Acheson said, "I have very serious news.
“总统先生，”艾奇逊说，“我有一个非常严肃的消息。
The North Koreans have invaded South Korea."
朝鲜人入侵了韩国。”
Supported by tanks and artillery, seven North Korean infantry divisions -- some 90,000 men -- had launched a surprise attack.
在坦克和大炮的支援下，朝鲜七个步兵师（约九万人）发起了突然袭击。
The crisis that would haunt Truman for the rest of his years in office had begun.
困扰杜鲁门余下任期的危机已经开始。
Not long after Truman had become President, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into two hostile parts -- a Soviet supported North and an American backed South.
杜鲁门就任总统后不久，朝鲜半岛就以北纬 38 度线为界分裂为两个敌对部分——苏联支持的朝鲜和美国支持的韩国。
Now the North had attacked the South, with just one goal, to unify Korea under communist rule.
现在，朝鲜进攻韩国，其目标只有一个，那就是在共产主义统治下统一朝鲜。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: He was convinced from the very beginning that the Soviets were behind this.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：他从一开始就确信苏联是幕后黑手。
He had no doubts at all of that.
这一切他都没有怀疑。
We'd seen it as they'd taken over the satellite countries in Eastern Europe, as they had poked and prodded and pressed elsewhere.
当他们接管东欧的卫星国时，当他们对其他地方进行戳刺和施压时，我们就看到了这一点。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: His initial response was that this was a Soviet directed attack, that he was being directly challenged by Stalin.
沃尔特·拉夫伯，历史学家：他最初的反应是，这是苏联定向的攻击，他是受到斯大林的直接挑战。
Stalin did support the invasion but at North Korea's insistence...
斯大林确实支持入侵，但在朝鲜的坚持下......
and it was from a safe distance, by sending Soviet supplies and advisers.
而且是在安全距离外，通过派遣苏联的物资和顾问。
What the United States got involved with in 1950 was not aggression from the Soviet Union.
1950年美国介入的并不是苏联的侵略。
What we got involved with was an incredibly bloody civil war in Korea...There are as many as 100,000 Koreans killed...
我们卷入的是一场极其血腥的朝鲜内战……有多达10万韩国人被杀……
before the Korean War of 1950 occurred ...And I think it's fair to say that Truman knew very little about this background.
1950 年朝鲜战争爆发之前……我认为可以公平地说，杜鲁门对这一背景知之甚少。
As Truman headed back to Washington, he turned to the war that had ended just five years before to help him understand the war he was facing now
当杜鲁门返回华盛顿时，他转向五年前刚刚结束的战争，以帮助他了解现在面临的战争
"Communism was acting in Korea," he wrote, "just as Hitler, and the Japanese had acted earlier.
“共产主义正在朝鲜行动，”他写道，“就像希特勒和日本人早些时候的行动一样。
"If the Communists were permitted to force their way into the Republic of Korea, no small nation would have the courage to resist threats and aggression."
“如果允许共产党强行进入大韩民国，任何小国都没有勇气抵抗威胁和侵略。”
As his plane touched down at National Airport, the President appeared grim.
当他的飞机降落在国家机场时，总统显得很严肃。
"By God," he would tell his advisers, "I am going to let them have it."
“上帝啊，”他告诉他的顾问们，“我会让他们得逞的。”
That same evening Truman authorized weapons and supplies to reinforce the South Koreans.
同一天晚上，杜鲁门授权提供武器和物资来增援韩国。
The next day, he ordered American planes to strike at the North Korean army.
第二天，他命令美国飞机袭击朝鲜军队。
Truman hoped that America's show of strength would force the North Koreans to back down.
杜鲁门希望美国展示实力能够迫使朝鲜做出让步。
He did not want to send American soldiers to fight a land war in Asia.
他不想派美国士兵去亚洲打陆战。
But Truman was being pushed closer and closer to the abyss.
但杜鲁门正被推向深渊。
On June 27th, just three days after launching their attack, the North Korean army overran Seoul, the capital of South Korea.
6月27日，朝鲜军队发动进攻仅三天后就占领了韩国首都首尔。
That evening, Truman appealed to the United Nations for help.
当天晚上，杜鲁门向联合国求助。
"We started the United Nations," he told an aide.
“我们创立了联合国，”他告诉一名助手。
"It must be made to work." For the first time the world organization devoted to peace authorized an army to wage war.
“必须让它发挥作用。”这个致力于和平的世界组织首次授权军队发动战争。
But Truman knew that American soldiers would carry the burden of the fighting, and the President, unwilling to risk American lives, withheld the order that would send them into action.
但杜鲁门知道美国士兵将承担战斗的重担，而总统不愿拿美国人的生命冒险，因此没有下达让他们采取行动的命令。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: I think that Truman thought that by getting the United Nations to condemn the attack, that by beefing up South Korean forces, he could probably, ah, handle the situation.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：我认为杜鲁门认为，通过让联合国谴责这次袭击，通过加强韩国军队，他可能可以，啊，处理这种情况。
The communists would learn their lesson, would back off, and we'd be back to before the war.
共产党人会吸取教训，退缩，我们就会回到战前。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: (VO) He was concerned that he might be taking the world into another terrible war.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：（画外音）他担心自己可能会让世界陷入另一场可怕的战争。
And, of course, this time, it would be an atomic war, because now it was known that both sides had the atomic bomb.
当然，这一次将是一场原子战争，因为现在众所周知，双方都拥有原子弹。
By June 30th, less than a week after the fighting began, the situation seemed hopeless.
到了6月30日，战斗开始还不到一周，局势似乎已经无望了。
American supplies and planes had not been enough to stop the relentless advance of the North Korean army.
美国的补给和飞机不足以阻止朝鲜军队的无情推进。
The President was going to have to send American boys.
总统将不得不派出美国男孩。
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: I heard him say, "I know that, some day, I will have to stand before the throne of God and account for every young life that is about to be lost because of what I am about to do.
美国陆军中校弗农·沃尔特斯将军：我听到他说：“我知道，有一天，我将不得不站在上帝的宝座前，为每一个因我即将要做的事情而失去的年轻生命负责。
But in the fulfillment of the oath that I took when I became President, I have no choice." As one of the young men that might be covered by that, I was quite impressed.
但在履行我就任总统时的誓言时，我别无选择。”作为可能受此影响的年轻人之一，我印象深刻。
That's the first time I realized we were not dealing with a bankrupt haberdasher.
这是我第一次意识到我们面对的并不是一家破产的服饰店。
On June 30th, the President approved the use of a combat team and two divisions in Korea.
6月30日，总统批准在朝鲜使用一个战斗队和两个师。
What the Chinese or the Russians would do now, he wrote in his diary, he did not know.
他在日记中写道，他不知道中国人或俄罗斯人现在会做什么。
What he believed was that the President of the United States had to stand firm.
他认为美国总统必须立场坚定。
"I'm not going to tremble like a psychopath before the Russians," he told a worried Senator.
“我不会像一个精神病患者一样在俄罗斯人面前颤抖，”他对一位忧心忡忡的参议员说。
"I am not going to surrender our rights or the rights of the South Koreans."
“我不会放弃我们的权利或韩国人的权利。”
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: Truman hopes this is going to be a quick enterprise, and we can take care of it.
阿隆佐·汉比（ALONZO HAMBY），传记作者：杜鲁门希望这将是一项快速的事业，我们可以处理好它。
Clearly, he and perhaps some of the people in his administration have underestimated the formidable character of the North Korean army.
显然，他以及他的政府中的一些人也许低估了朝鲜军队的强大性格。
The first Americans thrown into action were green.
第一批投入行动的美国人是绿色的。
Their enemy was not.
他们的敌人不是。
Well-trained and combat hardened, the North Koreans pushed the Americans further and further South, across unknown terrain, through drenching downpours and punishing heat.
训练有素、战斗力强的朝鲜人冒着倾盆大雨和酷暑，将美军逼得越来越南下，穿越未知的地形。
Truman's cuts in the defense budget had left America unprepared for the war it now faced.
杜鲁门削减国防预算使美国对现在面临的战争毫无准备。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: By July and August of 1950, Korea was a full-fledged conventional war.
历史学家沃尔特·拉夫伯：到 1950 年 7 月和 8 月，朝鲜半岛已成为一场全面的常规战争。
Truman made the decision at this point to bust the defense budget.
杜鲁门此时做出了削减国防预算的决定。
Harry Truman, who had opposed high defense budgets, had sent a $13-billion defense budget in '49.
哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 曾反对高额国防预算，但他在 49 年提交了 130 亿美元的国防预算。
By the end of 1950, he is sending in a defense budget of $50 billion dollars.
到 1950 年底，他将提交 500 亿美元的国防预算。
And the United States is now beginning to move into the period of the modern defense budget.
美国现在开始进入现代国防预算时期。
While the massive re-armament of America began at home, news from the front remained grim.
尽管美国在国内开始大规模重整军备，但来自前线的消息仍然严峻。
At the end of July, 4,000 Americans were dead, almost 14,000 wounded or missing.
7 月底，4,000 名美国人死亡，近 14,000 人受伤或失踪。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: The North Koreans were so much stronger than we initially realized that they really practically pushed us right off into the sea.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：朝鲜人比我们最初意识到的要强大得多，他们实际上把我们推入了大海。
The United Nations army now clung to only a tiny corner of the southeastern tip of Korea.
联合国军现在只坚守在朝鲜东南端的一个小角落。
Truman had expected to overwhelm the communists, to hurl them back above the 38th parallel into North Korea.
杜鲁门原本希望压倒共产党，将他们赶回北纬 38 度线以上，进入朝鲜。
Instead, after just six weeks, the war seemed lost.
相反，仅仅六周后，战争似乎就失败了。
With disaster looming, a daring plan was devised by the head of United Nations forces, the fabled hero of World War II, whose exploits in the Pacific had made his name a household word -- General Douglas MacArthur.
灾难迫在眉睫，联合国部队领导人道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军制定了一项大胆的计划，他是二战中的传奇英雄，他在太平洋上的功绩使他的名字家喻户晓。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: It's somewhat difficult, today, to imagine the aura around General Douglas MacArthur; the size of the shadow he cast.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：今天，有点难以想象道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军周围的光环；他投下的影子的大小。
Americans looked upon him as a kind of god, an infallible god.
美国人把他视为一种神，一位绝对正确的神。
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: He was only about five-foot-nine, but if you were in his presence, you would swear that he was about six-foot-six.
埃德温·西蒙斯将军，海军陆战队历史学家：他只有大约五英尺九英寸，但如果你在他面前，你会发誓他大约有六英尺六英寸。
He always dominated any group and he had all the props -- the open-collared shirt, the sunglasses, the crushed hat, the pipe.
他总是在任何团体中占据主导地位，而且他拥有所有的道具——开领衬衫、太阳镜、压扁的帽子、烟斗。
He made his own laws.
他制定了自己的法律。
He took unclear directives and interpreted them his own way.
他接受了不明确的指令并以自己的方式解释它们。
He was very much the American Caesar.
他非常像美国的凯撒。
To save his army trapped on the tip of Korea, MacArthur sent a message to Truman asking him to approve one of the most daring operations in American military history.
为了拯救被困在朝鲜半岛边缘的军队，麦克阿瑟向杜鲁门发出了一条信息，要求他批准美国军事历史上最大胆的行动之一。
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: I always remember this -- he said, "Tell the President I will land at Inchon on the 15th of September.
美国陆军中校弗农·沃尔特斯将军：我一直记得这一点——他说：“告诉总统我将于 9 月 15 日登陆仁川。
And between the hammer of this landing and the anvil of the Eighth Army, I will smash and destroy the armies of North Korea." And the hair stood up on the back of my neck.
在这次登陆的铁锤和第八集团军的铁砧之间，我将粉碎并摧毁朝鲜的军队。”我的脖子后面的汗毛都竖起来了。
On September 15, 1950, with Truman's full support, MacArthur struck without warning at the port of Inchon, 30 miles from Seoul.
1950 年 9 月 15 日，在杜鲁门的全力支持下，麦克阿瑟在没有任何警告的情况下袭击了距首尔 30 英里的仁川港。
The risks were enormous.
风险是巨大的。
Dangerous 30-foot tides...
危险的 30 英尺潮汐...
enemy guns trained on mine-infested waters.
敌方炮火在布满水雷的水域进行训练。
One Pentagon strategist called it a 5,000 to one shot.
五角大楼的一位战略家称其为 5000 比 1。
But MacArthur's gamble paid off.
但麦克阿瑟的赌博得到了回报。
The North Koreans were caught completely by surprise.
朝鲜人完全措手不及。
Inchon fell in less than a day.
不到一天，仁川就陷落了。
"I salute you all," Truman cabled MacArthur, "and say to all of you from all of us at home, 'Well and nobly done.'
“我向你们所有人致敬，”杜鲁门给麦克阿瑟发电报，“并向我们国内的所有人致意，‘干得好，干得好。’”
Thirteen days later Seoul was retaken.
十三天后，首尔被夺回。
At the same time, UN armies in the South were fighting their way North with the enemy in full retreat.
与此同时，南方的联合国军正在向北杀进，敌人已全面撤退。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And, suddenly, the North Koreans, instead of being this invincible invading army, were caught in a giant pincer.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：突然之间，朝鲜人不再是一支所向无敌的入侵军队，而是被一把巨大的钳子夹住了。
In less than two weeks, MacArthur had turned the war around.
不到两周，麦克阿瑟就扭转了战局。
"General MacArthur," Life Magazine wrote, "is a great soldier and a great American."
《生活》杂志写道：“麦克阿瑟将军是一位伟大的士兵，也是一位伟大的美国人。”
By late September, U.N.
到 9 月底，联合国
forces had pushed the communists back above the 38th parallel, the line separating the two armies before the war began.
军队将共产党人推回了北纬38度线以上，即战争开始前分隔两军的分界线。
There, MacArthur's army halted.
麦克阿瑟的军队在那里停了下来。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: The objectives were to restore the status quo.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：目标是恢复现状。
The initial idea was not an intent to capture North Korea and unify Korea.
最初的想法并不是要占领朝鲜并统一朝鲜。
That was not the intent at all.
这根本不是意图。
But tempting the President, and all his advisers, was the chance to drive the communists once and for all from the peninsula -- by crossing the 38th parallel and pursuing them into North Korea.
但吸引总统和他所有顾问的是一个将共产党人一劳永逸地赶出半岛的机会——穿过北纬38度线并追击他们进入朝鲜。
Truman faced a dangerous decision.
杜鲁门面临一个危险的决定。
He knew that to order the troops across that line risked provoking North Korea's ally, China...
他知道，命令军队越过那条线可能会激怒朝鲜的盟友中国……
that the Chinese army was already massing on the North Korean border...
中国军队已经在朝鲜边境集结了……
that the Chinese government had already issued explicit warnings.
中国政府已经发出明确警告。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The prevailing wisdom around the President was that the last thing in the world that the United States should do would be to get involved with a major land war with the Chinese.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛：围绕总统的普遍看法是，美国最不应该做的事情就是卷入与中国的一场大规模陆地战争。
But with the enemy in retreat, Truman's native optimism took over.
但随着敌人的撤退，杜鲁门天生的乐观主义占据了上风。
On September 27, MacArthur received a memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, approved by the President.
9月27日，麦克阿瑟收到了参谋长联席会议的一份备忘录，并得到了总统的批准。
"Your military objective," it read, "is the destruction of the North Korean armed forces."
“你们的军事目标，”它写道，“是摧毁朝鲜武装部队。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And across they went, having been warned through diplomatic channels, that if they proceeded to cross the parallel, that the Chinese would come into the war.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：他们过去了，并通过外交渠道收到警告，如果他们继续越过平行线，中国人就会参战。
But it was felt that that was a bluff.
但人们认为这是虚张声势。
Two weeks later, Truman prepared to leave America on a mission that caught everyone by surprise.
两周后，杜鲁门准备离开美国，执行一项令所有人都大吃一惊的任务。
"I've a whale of a job before me," Truman wrote his cousin, "Have to talk to God's right-hand man."
杜鲁门在给他表弟的信中写道：“我面前有一项艰巨的工作，必须与上帝的得力助手交谈。”
Truman was heading for a tiny island in the middle of the Pacific to meet with General Douglas MacArthur.
杜鲁门正前往太平洋中部的一个小岛与道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军会面。
The General had been making trouble for the President.
将军一直在给总统制造麻烦。
MacArthur's outspoken anti-communist opinions had inflamed an already tense situation with the Chinese.
麦克阿瑟直言不讳的反共言论加剧了与中国之间本已紧张的局势。
Many feared MacArthur wanted to re-take the communist Chinese mainland.
许多人担心麦克阿瑟想要重新夺回共产主义的中国大陆。
LUCIUS BATTLE, State Department: MacArthur had contempt for higher authority.
卢修斯·巴特尔，国务院：麦克阿瑟蔑视上级权威。
He was the supreme authority.
他是最高权力者。
That's the way he saw himself.
他就是这样看待自己的。
He was not troubled by the constitutional limits upon generals.
他并不为宪法对将军的限制而困扰。
He was not troubled by any obligations he had.
他并不为自己所承担的任何义务所困扰。
I'm sure he had a certain contempt for the President.
我确信他对总统有一定的蔑视。
I don't think there's much doubt of that.
我认为这一点没有太多疑问。
Truman had never liked MacArthur.
杜鲁门从来不喜欢麦克阿瑟。
In his diary, the President described the General as "Mr. Prima Donna, Brass Hat," a "play actor and a bunco man." "It is a very great pity we have to have stuffed shirts like that in key positions," Truman wrote.
总统在日记中将将军描述为“铜帽第一夫人先生”、“戏剧演员和废人”。杜鲁门写道：“非常遗憾的是，我们必须在关键岗位上穿这样的填充衬衫。”
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: The men were so dissimilar.
海军陆战队历史学家埃德温·西蒙斯将军：这些人是如此不同。
Here was this imperious figure, very much different than the midwestern common man, who was Truman.
这是一个专横的人物，与中西部的普通人杜鲁门截然不同。
As Truman headed for Wake Island and the meeting with his domineering General, he was determined to let MacArthur know who was boss.
当杜鲁门前往威克岛并与他专横的将军会面时，他决心让麦克阿瑟知道谁才是老大。
Truman put on his best public face, but tensions ran high from the moment the President got off the plane.
杜鲁门展现出了他最好的公众形象，但从总统下飞机的那一刻起，紧张气氛就加剧了。
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: And as I recollect it, MacArthur shook hands with the President.
美国陆军中校弗农·沃尔特斯将军：据我所知，麦克阿瑟与总统握手。
He did not salute him.
他没有向他行礼。
Which struck me, as a young officer, right away, you know, sort of odd.
作为一名年轻军官，这立刻让我感到震惊，你知道，有点奇怪。
Many years later, I was in Independence, Missouri, and I saw Mr. Truman.
许多年后，我在密苏里州独立城见到了杜鲁门先生。
And I said, Mr. President, can I ask you an indiscreet question?
我说，总统先生，我可以问你一个不检点的问题吗？
He said, "Walters, there are no indiscreet questions, there are only indiscreet answers, and I'm a specialist in them.
他说：“沃尔特斯，没有轻率的问题，只有轻率的答案，而我是这方面的专家。
Go right ahead." I said, at Wake Island, when you emerged from the airplane and started down the stairs -- and he interrupted me and he said, "Did I notice that MacArthur did not salute?
往前走吧。”我说，在威克岛，当你从飞机上出来并开始走下楼梯时——他打断了我，他说：“我有没有注意到麦克阿瑟没有敬礼？
You're god damn right I noticed it.
你说得对，我注意到了。
And I knew I was gonna have trouble with him."
我知道我会和他遇到麻烦。”
In a dilapidated Chevrolet, Truman and MacArthur set off for a private meeting.
杜鲁门和麦克阿瑟开着一辆破旧的雪佛兰出发去参加一次私人会议。
With them was Truman's secret service agent Floyd Boring.
和他们在一起的还有杜鲁门的特工弗洛伊德·博林。
FLOYD BORING, Secret Service: Oh, man, tension?
弗洛伊德·博林（特勤局）：噢，伙计，紧张吗？
I'll say there was tension.
我会说有紧张。
You could -- you could almost feel it, the tension in the air.
你几乎可以感觉到空气中的紧张气氛。
Boring overheard the President lace right into the General.
无聊无意中听到总统直接把花边塞进了将军的嘴里。
FLOYD BORING, Secret Service: Never said "howdy" or nothin'.
弗洛伊德·无聊，特勤局：从来没有说过“你好”或什么也没说。
The President said to him, "I'm the Commander-in-Chief," and he was mad.
总统对他说：“我是总司令。”他很生气。
"I'm the Commander-in-Chief.
“我是总司令。
You're just -- you're a general in the Army.
你只是——你是一名陆军将军。
Remember that.
请记住这一点。
Why do you insist on goin' into China.
为什么你一定要来中国？
We don't want to do that." He said, "I want you to stop it.
我们不想这样做。”他说：“我希望你阻止它。
Otherwise, you're going to be recalled.
不然的话，你就会被召回。
We're going to get rid of you.
我们要摆脱你了。
General MacArthur didn't say anything.
麦克阿瑟将军没有说什么。
Yeah.
是的。
He knew the old man was mad.
他知道老头子已经生气了。
The tension still lingered later that afternoon as the formal meeting got under way in a pink cinderblock shack.
当天下午晚些时候，当正式会议在粉红色的煤渣砖小屋里开始时，紧张气氛仍然存在。
Truman quickly moved the discussion to his most nagging fear.
杜鲁门很快就把讨论转向了他最担心的问题。
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: Truman said: "All the intelligence officers we have indicate that the Chinese are preparing to come into the war.
美国陆军中校弗农·沃尔特斯将军：杜鲁门说：“我们所有的情报官员都表明，中国正准备参战。
What happens if the Chinese come in?" MacArthur answered and said, "They will not enter the war.
如果中国人进来会怎样？”麦克阿瑟回答说：“他们不会参战。
And if they do, I shall make of them the greatest slaughter in the history of warfare."
如果他们这样做了，我将使他们成为战争史上最大的屠杀。”
MacArthur assured the President that the war would be over by Christmas.
麦克阿瑟向总统保证战争将在圣诞节前结束。
The conference ran less than three hours.
会议进行了不到三个小时。
This, their first meeting, was to be their last.
这是他们的第一次见面，也是最后一次见面。
Truman and MacArthur would never see each other again.
杜鲁门和麦克阿瑟再也见不到对方了。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: Truman thought the meeting with MacArthur had been successful.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：杜鲁门认为与麦克阿瑟的会面很成功。
He'd been encouraged by MacArthur's assurance that he could begin sending troops back home by Christmas.
麦克阿瑟保证他可以在圣诞节前开始派遣军队回国，这让他深受鼓舞。
So he came home confident and comfortable.
于是，他满怀信心、轻松自在地回家了。
And, of course, just a few weeks later, contrary to MacArthur's assessment, the Chinese entered in force and things just fell apart.
当然，就在几周后，与麦克阿瑟的评估相反，中国人大举进军，事情就分崩离析了。
On November 24, more than a quarter million Chinese communist soldiers poured into Korea.
11月24日，超过25万中国共产党士兵涌入朝鲜。
In spite of the assurances he had given the President, MacArthur, hopelessly outnumbered, was powerless to stop them.
尽管麦克阿瑟向总统做出了保证，但由于寡不敌众，麦克阿瑟无力阻止他们。
Four days later, the President received a cable from his beleaguered General: "We face an entirely new war...
四天后，总统收到了陷入困境的将军发来的一封电报：“我们面临着一场全新的战争......
This command is now faced with conditions beyond its control and its strength."
该司令部现在面临着超出其控制和力量的情况。”
One observer described the President as he reported the news to his aides: "His mouth drew tight, his cheeks flushed.
一位观察家这样形容总统向助手报告这一消息：“他的嘴紧闭，脸颊通红。
For a moment, it almost seemed as if he would sob.
有那么一刻，他几乎像是要哭泣。
Then, in a voice that was incredibly calm and quiet, he said, "This is the worst situation we have had yet.
然后，他用极其平静的声音说道：“这是我们遇到过的最糟糕的情况。
We'll just have to meet it as we've met all the rest."
我们必须像遇到其他人一样去迎接它。”
Victory had appeared almost within reach.
胜利似乎已经触手可及。
Now, in the bitter Korean winter, MacArthur's forces reeled under the communist attack.
现在，在朝鲜的严冬中，麦克阿瑟的军队在共产党的攻击下步履蹒跚。
MacArthur told the President he feared his army was about to be destroyed.
麦克阿瑟告诉总统，他担心他的军队即将被摧毁。
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: MacArthur's behavior in this time period if very strange.
海军陆战队历史学家埃德温·西蒙斯将军：麦克阿瑟在这一时期的行为非常奇怪。
This is MacArthur, the invincible, the infallible, but he had failed.
这就是麦克阿瑟，所向无敌，永远不会犯错，但他失败了。
He was talking about evacuating the Eighth Army from Korea.
他正在谈论从朝鲜撤出第八集团军。
And being MacArthur, it couldn't have been his fault; it must have been someone else's fault.
作为麦克阿瑟，这不可能是他的错。这一定是别人的错。
The General urged the President to wage all out war.
将军敦促总统发动全面战争。
He wanted to blockade the Chinese coast and bomb the Chinese mainland.
他要封锁中国海岸，轰炸中国大陆。
Truman refused.
杜鲁门拒绝了。
In an atomic age, he feared provoking a third world war.
在原子时代，他担心引发第三次世界大战。
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: Boiled down, MacArthur wanted to fight the war to win the war.
海军陆战队历史学家埃德温·西蒙斯将军：归根结底，麦克阿瑟想通过战争来赢得战争。
On the other hand, Truman wanted to confine the war to the Korean peninsula.
另一方面，杜鲁门希望将战争限制在朝鲜半岛。
He wanted to keep it as small an affair as possible.
他想让这件事尽可能小化。
As the communists continued to punish MacArthur's army, the General told reporters that he was fighting under "an enormous handicap." Truman ordered the General to stop talking to reporters.
当共产党继续惩罚麦克阿瑟的军队时，将军告诉记者，他是在“巨大的障碍”下作战的。杜鲁门命令将军停止与记者交谈。
WALTER LAFEBER, Historian: I think it's fair to say MacArthur panicked.
沃尔特·拉夫伯（Walter LAFEBER），历史学家：我认为可以公平地说麦克阿瑟惊慌失措。
At one point in late December he's asking Truman to target 26, ah, different areas within China for the dropping of nuclear bombs.
12月底的某个时候，他要求杜鲁门向中国境内的26个不同地区投放核弹。
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: I think MacArthur's top preference would have been to use small nuclear weapons on the masses of Chinese.
美国陆军中校弗农·沃尔特斯将军：我认为麦克阿瑟的首要选择是对广大中国人使用小型核武器。
And he figured, two or three, the Chinese would stop and withdraw.
他认为，两三个之后，中国人就会停下来并撤退。
The President was not prepared to make that decision.
总统不准备做出这一决定。
Each day Truman's war became more and more unpopular.
杜鲁门的战争一天天变得越来越不受欢迎。
Newspaper reports and photographs of American boys captured, wounded, and killed upset and confused ordinary citizens.
报纸报道和照片显示美国男孩被俘、受伤和杀害，普通公民感到心烦意乱。
To a nation accustomed to the glorious victories of World War II, to unconditional surrender, to even forcing an enemy to surrender with an atomic bomb, Truman's limited war seemed senseless.
对于一个习惯了二战辉煌胜利、习惯了无条件投降、甚至用原子弹迫使敌人投降的国家来说，杜鲁门的有限战争似乎毫无意义。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: This was probably the worst part of the President's administration for him, the casualties we were taking, the protests from families, and the difficulty of understanding what a "limited war" meant.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：对他来说，这可能是总统执政期间最糟糕的部分，我们造成人员伤亡，家庭抗议，以及难以理解“有限战争”的含义。
I mean "Why not nuke 'em."
我的意思是“为什么不用核武器攻击他们。”
The pressure on Truman grew increasingly intense.
杜鲁门面临的压力越来越大。
He was working 18 hour days, and the strain was starting to show.
他每天工作 18 个小时，压力开始显现。
One morning, with United States marines trapped at a reservoir in North Korea, Truman met with his advisers.
一天早上，美国海军陆战队士兵被困在朝鲜的一个水库，杜鲁门会见了他的顾问。
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: We were working on a speech and Mr. Truman came in from his office and sat down, in a very dejected way, and he said, "You know, normally I sleep like a baby, but this time I could hardly sleep all night long.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：我们正在准备一场演讲，杜鲁门先生从办公室走进来，非常沮丧地坐下来，他说：“你知道，通常我睡得像个婴儿，但这次我整晚都睡不着。
I was thinking about those boys up at the reservoir." And then he slumped in his chair and he -- he said, "You know, there must be a thousand people in this town who can do the job better than I can." There isn't much you can say to that.
我在想水库里的那些男孩。”然后他瘫倒在椅子上，他说：“你知道，这个镇上一定有一千人能比我做得更好。”对此你没什么可说的。
And he took off his glasses and put them on the table.
然后他摘下眼镜，放在桌子上。
And that was a startling thing for me because I had been accustomed to seeing his eyes rather large in his face, and I realized when he took his glasses off, it was because they were very thick lenses and it magnified his eyes.
这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情，因为我已经习惯了在他脸上看到他的眼睛相当大，而且当他摘下眼镜时我意识到，这是因为它们是非常厚的镜片，它放大了他的眼睛。
And when he took his glasses off, his eyes appeared small in his face, and it changed his appearance to me.
当他摘下眼镜时，他的眼睛在脸上显得很小，这改变了我对他的看法。
I stared at him just as long as I could politely do and then he put his elbows on the table and he sank his -- his thumbs into his eye sockets and sat there for a while.
我尽可能礼貌地盯着他看，然后他把胳膊肘放在桌子上，把拇指插入眼窝，坐了一会儿。
And we were all quiet.
我们都很安静。
And then finally he raised his head and took his glasses and put them on.
最后他抬起头，拿起眼镜戴上。
He said, "But, the job is mine to do, so I have to do the best I can.
他说：“但是，这项工作是我要做的，所以我必须尽我所能。
Let's get on with the drafting."
我们继续起草吧。”
Tension and exhaustion were taking their toll on Truman.
紧张和疲惫让杜鲁门身心疲惫。
Victory in Korea would have been the crowning achievement of his Presidency, proof that his determination to hold the line against communism was working.
朝鲜的胜利将是他总统任期内的最高成就，证明他坚守反对共产主义路线的决心正在发挥作用。
Instead, Truman faced disaster, and in the days after the Chinese attack, he drifted.
相反，杜鲁门面临着灾难，在中国袭击后的几天里，他陷入了漂泊。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: This was the darkest time of his years in the presidency.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：这是他担任总统期间最黑暗的时期。
It was a very bleak prospect that the American people faced.
美国人民面临着非常黯淡的前景。
And the President was being besieged on all sides.
总统正受到四面楚歌的围攻。
On December 5, his beloved friend and press secretary Charlie Ross died of a heart attack.
12 月 5 日，他挚爱的朋友兼新闻秘书查理·罗斯 (Charlie Ross) 因心脏病去世。
Truman had known Ross since high school, and the sudden loss of his lifelong friend was a terrible blow.
杜鲁门从高中起就认识罗斯，突然失去他一生的朋友是一个可怕的打击。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And Truman was deeply upset, deeply distraught.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：杜鲁门深感沮丧、心烦意乱。
And that was the same night that the President's daughter, Margaret Truman, was having a first concert ever singing, in Constitution Hall, in Washington.
就在同一天晚上，总统的女儿玛格丽特·杜鲁门在华盛顿宪法大厅举行了有史以来的第一场音乐会。
Margaret had studied to become a singer, and the grieving President kept his promise to hear her perform.
玛格丽特曾学习成为一名歌手，悲伤的总统兑现了听她表演的诺言。
His pent-up frustrations waiting like a stick of dynamite ready to explode.
他压抑已久的挫败感就像一根随时会爆炸的炸药棒一样等着他。
Paul Hume, the Washington Post 's respected music critic, had no idea what was in store for him as he joined the sell-out crowd.
保罗·休谟（Paul Hume）是《华盛顿邮报》备受尊敬的音乐评论家，当他加入到门票全部售完的人群时，他并不知道等待着他的是什么。
PAUL HUME, Music Critic: Here were the members of the Congress, the Supreme Court, all the big shots...
保罗·休谟，音乐评论家：这里有国会议员、最高法院、所有大人物……
and they were all there to hear her sing, which would have been wonderful had she been able to sing well.
他们都来听她唱歌，如果她能唱得好那就太好了。
As soon as she started to sing, I could tell that she did not have the basic technical control of the voice that you need.
她一开始唱歌，我就看出她没有掌握你所需要的声音的基本技术控制。
The pitch wasn't there.
球场不在那儿。
The tone wasn't there.
语气不在那里。
She just didn't have what it took.
她只是没有足够的能力。
I would have been thrilled if I could have written a rave review.
如果我能写一篇好评如潮的评论，我会很兴奋。
What I wrote was..
我写的是..
"She is flat a good deal of the time, more last night than at anytime we have heard her in past years.
“她大部分时间都很平静，昨晚比我们过去几年听到她的声音都要多。
There are few moments in her recital when one can relax and feel confident that she will make her goal, which is the end of the song."
在她的独奏会上，很少有人可以放松下来，并相信她会实现自己的目标，这就是歌曲的结尾。”
The next day, Truman opened the Washington Post to page 12 and found Paul Hume's devastating critique of his daughter's singing.
第二天，杜鲁门打开《华盛顿邮报》第 12 页，发现保罗·休谟对他女儿的歌声进行了毁灭性的批评。
The President erupted.
总统爆发了。
Furious, he dashed off a scathing response.
他勃然大怒，立刻做出了严厉的回应。
PAUL HUME, Music Critic: The letter came in and I opened it up and I couldn't believe it, and I-- gasped.
保罗·休姆（PAUL HUME），音乐评论家：这封信送来了，我打开它，我简直不敢相信，我——喘了口气。
"I've just read your lousy review of Margaret's concert..."
“我刚刚读了你对玛格丽特音乐会的糟糕评论……”
"Some day I hope to meet you.
“有一天我希望能见到你。
When that happens you'll need a new nose, a lot of beefsteak for black eyes, and perhaps a supporter below!"
当这种情况发生时，你将需要一个新鼻子，大量的牛排来消除黑眼圈，也许还需要一个下面的支撑物！”
PAUL HUME, Music Critic: That's strong language from the President of the United States.
音乐评论家保罗·休谟：这是美国总统的强硬言论。
When the letter became public, newspapers across the country berated the President for his lack of self-control.
当这封信公开后，全国各地的报纸都谴责总统缺乏自制力。
The Chicago Tribune even questioned Truman's "mental competence and emotional stability."
《芝加哥论坛报》甚至质疑杜鲁门的“心理能力和情绪稳定性”。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He was a man who was being battered and besieged from every side.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他是一个遭受四面八方殴打和围攻的人。
He had to blow his stack about something, it seems to me.
在我看来，他不得不在某些事情上大肆宣扬。
And the something was Paul Hume's review.
保罗·休谟的评论就是其中之一。
The White House was flooded with letters and telegrams.
白宫里堆满了信件和电报。
One letter came from distraught parents who enclosed a Purple Heart.
一封来自心烦意乱的父母的信，其中附有一颗紫心勋章。
"As you have been directly responsible for the loss of our son's life in Korea," Truman read, "you might just as well keep this emblem...
杜鲁门写道：“由于你对我们儿子在朝鲜的丧生负有直接责任，所以你最好保留这个徽章......
One major regret is that your daughter was not there to receive the same treatment as our son."
一大遗憾是您的女儿没有在那里接受与我们儿子相同的治疗。”
By early 1951, the communists had retaken Seoul and Inchon, and driven MacArthur's forces below the 38th parallel.
到 1951 年初，共产党人重新夺回了首尔和仁川，并将麦克阿瑟的军队赶到了北纬 38 度以下。
Again the General urged the President to widen the war.
将军再次敦促总统扩大战争范围。
Again the President refused.
总统再次拒绝了。
Then, on January 25th, the longest retreat in American military history ended.
然后，1月25日，美国军事史上最长的撤退结束了。
MacArthur's bleak assessments had been wrong.
麦克阿瑟的悲观评估是错误的。
His field commander General Matthew Ridgway took United Nations forces on the offensive.
他的战地指挥官马修·李奇微将军率领联合国部队发起进攻。
Assaulting the communists with tanks and artillery, Ridgway began driving them back.
李奇微用坦克和大炮攻击共产党人，并开始将他们击退。
By the end of March, forces under Ridgway's command had reached the 38th parallel once again.
3月底，李奇微指挥的部队再次到达北纬38度线。
There, the war stalemated.
在那里，战争陷入僵局。
More than 50,000 American soldiers had been killed or wounded -- South Korean casualties numbered over 160,000.
超过 50,000 名美国士兵死伤——韩国伤亡人数超过 160,000 人。
Truman cautiously began exploring the possibility of negotiations with the Chinese to stop the fighting and restore a divided Korea.
杜鲁门开始谨慎地探索与中国进行谈判以停止战斗并恢复分裂的朝鲜的可能性。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: What Truman wanted and what the American policy-makers wanted was to get out of there as decently as we could.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：杜鲁门和美国政策制定者想要的是尽可能体面地离开那里。
At just that moment, MacArthur stepped in and undermined the President's plan.
就在这时，麦克阿瑟介入并破坏了总统的计划。
The General issued his own proclamation, demanding that the Chinese commander surrender to him.
将军亲自发布公告，要求中国指挥官向他投降。
The President was in a rage.
总统勃然大怒。
MacArthur had wrecked his hope for negotiations.
麦克阿瑟已经破灭了他的谈判希望。
"I was ready to kick him into the North China Sea," Truman said later.
“我准备把他踢进北海，”杜鲁门后来说。
"I was never so put out in my life."
“我一生中从未如此沮丧过。”
GENERAL VERNON WALTERS, Lieutenant Colonel, US Army: I guess in the back of his mind, MacArthur figured, this is a captain of artillery.
弗农·沃尔特斯将军，美国陆军中校：麦克阿瑟认为，我想在他的内心深处，这是一名炮兵上尉。
What does he know about this war?
他对这场战争了解多少？
And in Truman's mind, I'm the President, I decide American foreign and military policy.
在杜鲁门看来，我是总统，我决定美国的外交和军事政策。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: With General MacArthur making more and more statements that were calling into question national policy, some of Truman's advisors began to urge that he relieve the General.
总统行政助理乔治·埃尔西：随着麦克阿瑟将军发表越来越多质疑国家政策的言论，杜鲁门的一些顾问开始敦促他解除将军的职务。
Well, that's something you just don't casually do.
嗯，这不是你随便做的事情。
You don't relieve a commander in the field in the midst of major hostilities.
在重大敌对行动中，你不能接替战地指挥官的职务。
But when MacArthur sent a letter to the House Minority leader criticizing the President's conduct of the war, Truman had had enough.
但当麦克阿瑟致信众议院少数党领袖批评总统的战争行为时，杜鲁门已经受够了。
"This looks like the last straw," he wrote in his diary.
“这看起来像是最后一根稻草，”他在日记中写道。
"Rank insubordination."
“等级不服从。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Truman knew the firestorm he would face.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：杜鲁门知道他将面临一场风暴。
He knew he would be attacked in the press.
他知道他会受到媒体的攻击。
But he also knew that eventually the people, and history, would see that he had done the right thing.
但他也知道，最终人民和历史都会看到他做了正确的事。
On April 11, MacArthur was having lunch in Tokyo when his wife handed him a brown Signal Corps envelope:
4 月 11 日，麦克阿瑟在东京吃午饭时，他的妻子递给他一个棕色通信兵信封：
"I deeply regret," the message read, "that it becomes my duty as President and Commander in Chief of the United States military forces to replace you as Supreme Commander."
消息中写道：“我深感遗憾，作为美国总统和军队总司令，我有责任接替你担任最高统帅。”
Truman had fired one of the most popular Generals in American history.
杜鲁门解雇了美国历史上最受欢迎的将军之一。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: And he did it very abruptly.
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：他做得非常突然。
And he did it knowing full well what would happen.
他这样做时非常清楚会发生什么。
MacArthur came home to a hero's welcome.
麦克阿瑟回国受到英雄般的欢迎。
On Capitol Hill, Republicans attacked Truman.
在国会山，共和党人攻击杜鲁门。
Senator Joseph McCarthy told a press conference: "The son of a bitch ought to be impeached." The President was deluged with wild telegrams, denouncing him as a pig, a little man, a Judas.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡在新闻发布会上表示：“这个王八蛋应该被弹劾。”总统收到了大量疯狂的电报，谴责他是一头猪、一个小人物、一个犹大。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: Who was he, this little, pipsqueak captain from World War I, to fire the great, beloved, awesome, General MacArthur?
大卫·麦卡洛，传记作者：这个第一次世界大战中的小小上尉是谁，竟然解雇了伟大的、受人爱戴的、令人敬畏的麦克阿瑟将军？
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: MacArthur was received in a tumultuous fashion in every city, ticker-tape parades, Joint session of Congress.
海军陆战队历史学家埃德温·西蒙斯将军：麦克阿瑟在每个城市、彩带游行和国会联席会议上都受到了热烈的欢迎。
He addressed the Congress.
他在国会发表讲话。
He made that famous speech.
他发表了那场著名的演讲。
MACARTHUR ADDRESSES JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS: "I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that 'Old soldiers never die; they just fade away.'
麦克阿瑟在国会联席会议上发表讲话：“我仍然记得当时最流行的军营民谣之一的副歌，其中最自豪地宣称‘老士兵永远不会死；他们只是逐渐消失。’
GENERAL EDWIN SIMMONS, Marine Corps Historian: "Old soldiers never die, they simply fade away." I've never been quite sure what that meant, but it sounds -- sounds great.
海军陆战队历史学家埃德温·西蒙斯将军：“老士兵永远不会死，他们只是逐渐消失。”我一直不太确定这意味着什么，但听起来——听起来很棒。
"And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and..."
“就像那首民谣中的老战士一样，我现在结束了我的军事生涯……”
Truman wasn't listening.
杜鲁门没有在听。
As MacArthur spoke, the President met with his Secretary of State, then took a nap.
麦克阿瑟讲话时，总统会见了国务卿，然后小睡了一会儿。
Later he read what the General had said, and privately remarked: It's "a bunch of damn bullshit."
后来他读了将军的话，私下里评论道：“真是一派胡言”。
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: Truman took it all in stride.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：杜鲁门泰然处之。
He said, "This'll blow over.
他说：“这一切都会过去的。
Bring the General home.
把将军带回家。
Let him have his ticker tape parades.
让他进行他的收报机游行吧。
That's okay.
没关系。
All this will be gone in a few months," and it was.
所有这一切都会在几个月内消失，”事实确实如此。
The stalemate in Korea continued.
朝鲜半岛的僵局仍在继续。
On July 10, 1951 peace talks began, but they would bog down and drag on for the rest of Truman's days in office.
1951 年 7 月 10 日，和谈开始，但谈判陷入困境，并在杜鲁门余下的任期中拖延下去。
The war in Korea would go on, in the end, taking more than 54,000 American lives.
朝鲜战争最终夺走了超过 54,000 名美国人的生命。
Truman's only comfort was in knowing that he had kept the struggle from spreading -- that he had prevented the horror of a full-scale nuclear war.
杜鲁门唯一的安慰是知道他阻止了斗争的蔓延——他阻止了全面核战争的恐怖。
ALONZO HAMBY, Biographer: The last two years of the Administration are, by far, the toughest of Truman's Presidency.
阿隆佐·汉比（传记作者）：到目前为止，政府的最后两年是杜鲁门总统任期内最艰难的两年。
He really begins to feel the stress...
他真的开始感受到压力了……
And in early 1952, when he's still toying around with the idea of running for President, Bess tells him she doesn't think he could survive another term.
1952 年初，当他还在考虑竞选总统时，贝丝告诉他，她认为他无法再连任。
She says she doesn't think she could either.
她说她也不认为自己可以。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: She had been biding her time, gritting her teeth, from the time he first took the oath of office in 1945.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：从 1945 年他第一次宣誓就职起，她就一直在咬紧牙关等待时机。
I think she would have left him, had he chosen to run again.
我想，如果他选择再次竞选，她就会离开他。
On March 29, 1952 Truman told his fellow Americans what many already suspected.
1952 年 3 月 29 日，杜鲁门告诉了他的美国同胞许多人已经怀疑的事情。
TRUMAN "I shall not be a candidate for re-election.
杜鲁门：“我不会成为连任的候选人。
I have served my country long and I think efficiently and honestly.
我为我的国家服务了很长时间，我的思维高效而诚实。
I shall not accept a renomination.
我不会接受重新提名。
I do not feel that it is my duty to spend another four years in the White House."
我不认为我有责任在白宫再呆四年。”
With his Fair Deal and Civil Rights programs crushed, the war stalemated in Korea, Truman knew it was time to go.
随着他的公平交易和民权计划被粉碎，朝鲜战争陷入僵局，杜鲁门知道是时候离开了。
WALT BODINE, Journalist: His ratings were lower than Nixon's on the day he resigned.
沃尔特·博丁，记者：他辞职当天的支持率低于尼克松。
I mean it was probably as low an approval rating as any President ever had.
我的意思是，它的支持率可能是历届总统中最低的。
Only one person responded with unadorned glee.
只有一个人以一种朴实的喜悦回应。
"When you made your announcement," an aide told the President, "Mrs. Truman looked the way you do when you draw four aces."
“当你宣布这一消息时，”一名助手告诉总统，“夫人。杜鲁门看起来就像你抽到四张王牌时的样子。”
GEORGE ELSEY, Administrative Assistant to the President: She'd had enough, and she thought Harry Truman had had enough.
乔治·埃尔西，总统行政助理：她已经受够了，她认为哈里·杜鲁门也受够了。
He'd done his duty.
他已经尽了他的职责。
He'd done it well.
他做得很好。
It was time to call it quits.
是时候结束了。
That July, the Democrats convened in Chicago to nominate Adlai Stevenson for President.
那年七月，民主党在芝加哥召开会议，提名阿德莱·史蒂文森竞选总统。
Truman told Stevenson: "Adlai, if a knucklehead like me can be President and not do too badly, think what a really educated smart guy like you could do in the job."
杜鲁门对史蒂文森说：“阿德莱，如果像我这样的笨蛋能当总统，而且表现不会太差，想想像你这样一个真正受过教育的聪明人在这份工作中能做些什么。”
But the Republicans had already nominated the hero of D-Day, General Dwight David Eisenhower.
但共和党已经提名诺曼底登陆日的英雄德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔将军。
The Democrats, Truman knew, didn't stand a chance.
杜鲁门知道，民主党没有机会。
When the campaign was over, Truman's Democrats had suffered a devastating defeat.
竞选结束后，杜鲁门的民主党遭受了毁灭性的失败。
After 20 years in the wilderness, the Republicans had re-captured the White House.
在经历了20年的荒野之后，共和党重新夺回了白宫。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The spotlight was on the new president.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：焦点集中在新任总统身上。
And the outgoing president was suddenly a citizen, again, driving away in a car, having to stop at a red light for the first time in seven years.
即将离任的总统突然再次成为公民，开着车离开，七年来第一次不得不在红灯前停车。
After the ceremony, Truman had lunch with his staff and cabinet for the last time.
仪式结束后，杜鲁门最后一次与幕僚和内阁共进午餐。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: And when his old friend, the retiring Secretary of the Treasury John Snyder arrived, he saw the President standing looking out the window.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：当他的老朋友、即将退休的财政部长约翰·斯奈德到达时，他看到总统站着看着窗外。
And Snyder went over and said, "What are you looking out the window for?" And Truman turned around and said, "An hour ago if I had said something, it would have gone around the world in 15 minutes, all around the world." "Now I could talk for two hours and no one would give a damn."
斯奈德走过去说：“你看着窗外做什么？”杜鲁门转过身来说道：“如果我在一小时前说些什么，它会在 15 分钟内传遍全世界，传遍全世界。” “现在我可以讲两个小时，没有人会在意。”
On January 20th, 1953, Harry Truman, private citizen, set out for home.
1953 年 1 月 20 日，普通公民哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 启程回家。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: I'm not sure they expected anybody would turn up to say farewell.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：我不确定他们是否期望有人会来告别。
But then they saw the immense crowd that had come.
但随后他们就看到了涌来的大量人群。
And the cheering and the affection that was expressed by the crowd.
还有人群表达的欢呼和感情。
They were simply overwhelmed.
他们简直不知所措。
ROBERT DONOVAN, Journalist: And I went back to Independence with them, and it was a scream.
罗伯特·多诺万，记者：我和他们一起回到独立城，听到一声尖叫。
He would walk through the train and someone would be sitting in a compartment reading a paper and all of a sudden -- hello there -- here's Harry, here's President Truman.
他会走过火车，有人坐在车厢里看报纸，突然之间——你好——这是哈里，这是杜鲁门总统。
We'd come to a stop and he'd go up and buy a newspaper at the newsstand.
我们停下来，他就上去报摊买报纸。
And -- ha...the newspaper guy.
还有——哈……报社的人。
And he was having a high time of it.
他玩得很开心。
And so, I think, were they.
我认为他们也是如此。
It was just a joyous ride back to Independence.
返回独立城只是一次愉快的旅程。
After nearly 20 years in Washington, Harry and Bess Truman came home.
在华盛顿待了近 20 年后，哈里·杜鲁门和贝丝·杜鲁门回到了家乡。
WALT BODINE, Journalist: What with his popularity rating being so low and all of that, the general assumption was...there would be maybe a few friends at the railroad station to greet them.
沃尔特·博丁（Walt Bodine），记者：由于他的支持率如此之低，所有这些，一般的假设是......也许会有一些朋友在火车站迎接他们。
Instead, as I recall I think, the crowd was 10,000 people.
相反，据我所知，人群有 10,000 人。
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: The biggest crowd ever turned out in the little town.
传记作者戴维·麦卡洛 (DAVID MCCULLOUGH)：这座小镇迎来了有史以来最大规模的人群。
Mrs. Truman was so touched by this that she said, "This makes all these last years in the White House worth it."
杜鲁门夫人对此非常感动，她说：“这使得在白宫的最后几年都是值得的。”
Truman went on to live in the old house on North Delaware Street that had once been his mother-in-law's.
杜鲁门继续住在北特拉华街的老房子里，那栋房子曾经是他岳母的。
There he would spend the rest of his life.
他将在那里度过余生。
In the years to come, Americans grew accustomed to seeing Harry Truman pictured walking the streets of Independence or hearing him bluntly speak his mind.
在接下来的几年里，美国人逐渐习惯了看到哈里·杜鲁门在独立街道上行走的照片，或者听到他直言不讳地说出自己的想法。
Now he was one of them.
现在他是其中之一。
And they seemed more fond of Citizen Truman than President Truman.
他们似乎更喜欢杜鲁门公民而不是杜鲁门总统。
Gradually his reputation revived.
渐渐地，他的名声又恢复了。
Americans began to remember the former president as that feisty man from Missouri who worked hard and wasn't afraid to speak his mind.
美国人开始记得这位前总统是一位来自密苏里州的精力充沛的人，他工作努力，不怕说出自己的想法。
They remembered the Truman who said, "The buck stops here."
他们记得杜鲁门说过的话：“责任到此为止。”
DAVID MCCULLOUGH, Biographer: He's a believable man.
传记作者大卫·麦卡洛：他是一个值得信赖的人。
That's one of the reasons he is so appealing to us.
这就是他如此吸引我们的原因之一。
He has no privileged background.
他没有特权背景。
He has no great voice.
他没有好听的声音。
He isn't handsome.
他并不英俊。
He has no glamor.
他没有魅力。
But in that makeup is iron.
但那个妆容是铁的。
Real iron.
真铁。
In 1961, eight years after he had left the White House, Harry Truman was invited back by President John Kennedy.
1961 年，哈里·杜鲁门离开白宫八年后，约翰·肯尼迪总统邀请他回来。
Once again Truman sat down at his old piano and played the music he had practiced every morning as a boy.
杜鲁门再次坐在他的旧钢琴前，弹奏他小时候每天早上练习的音乐。
Truman passed his final years still rising early, still taking his morning walk -- just as he had done all his life.
杜鲁门度过了他的最后几年，仍然很早起床，仍然早上散步——就像他一生所做的那样。
"I tried never to forget who I was and where I'd come from and where I'd go back to," Truman said.
杜鲁门说：“我努力永远不要忘记我是谁、我从哪里来、我要回到哪里。”
MARSHALL SHULMAN, Assistant to the Secretary of State: Harry Truman was a vindication of the democratic idea of leadership.
马歇尔·舒尔曼，国务卿助理：哈里·杜鲁门是民主领导理念的辩护者。
Here is a man out of the heartland of America, an ordinary guy, not a high powered intellectual, but a man of common sense and a man of personal decency.
这是一个来自美国腹地的人，一个普通人，不是一个有权有势的知识分子，而是一个有常识和个人正派的人。
On December 26, 1972, Harry Truman died.
1972 年 12 月 26 日，哈里·杜鲁门去世。
He was 88 years old.
他已经88岁了。
Ten years later, Bess was buried beside him in the courtyard of the library that was named in his honor.
十年后，贝丝被安葬在以他的名字命名的图书馆庭院里的他身边。
"When Franklin Roosevelt died," Truman said, "I felt there must be a million men better qualified than I, to take up the Presidential task.
杜鲁门说：“当富兰克林·罗斯福去世时，我觉得一定有一百万人比我更有资格承担总统的任务。
But the work was mine to do, and I had to do it.
但工作是我要做的，我必须做。
And I tried to give it everything that was in me."
我试图把我身上的一切都奉献给它。”
Truman's first impression of Joseph Stalin was favorable.
杜鲁门对约瑟夫·斯大林的第一印象是良好的。
The 1944 Democratic Convention focused on who would be nominated for the Vice Presidency.
1944 年民主党大会的重点是谁将被提名为副总统。
Truman stepped on the world stage with two of the century's greatest figures.
杜鲁门与本世纪最伟大的两位人物一起登上了世界舞台。
Truman's leadership during WWII made his men look at him in a new light.
杜鲁门在二战期间的领导能力让他的部下以新的眼光看待他。
Truman stepped on the world stage with two of the century's greatest figures.
杜鲁门与本世纪最伟大的两位人物一起登上了世界舞台。
When railroad workers went on strike, Truman threatened to draft them into the army.
当铁路工人罢工时，杜鲁门威胁要征召他们入伍。
After WWII, Truman watched most of Eastern Europe fall to the Communist "Iron Curtain."
第二次世界大战后，杜鲁门眼睁睁地看着东欧大部分地区落入共产主义“铁幕”。
The spotlight did not appeal to first lady Bess Truman.
第一夫人贝丝·杜鲁门对聚光灯没有吸引力。
Truman understood the repercussions of dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
杜鲁门了解在广岛投下原子弹的后果。
Truman interpreted a North Korean attack as direct aggression from the Soviet Union.
杜鲁门将朝鲜的袭击解释为苏联的直接侵略。
General Leslie Groves describes a weapon of mass destruction.
莱斯利·格罗夫斯将军描述了一种大规模杀伤性武器。
America and Europe organize for a common defense.
美国和欧洲组织共同防御。