Triangle Fire
Narrator: On April 5, 1911, 400,000 people lined the rain-drenched sidewalks of New York as an empty, horse-drawn hearse crept from the dank, narrow streets of the Lower East Side toward the skyscrapers towering over Madison Square.
旁白：1911 年 4 月 5 日，纽约被大雨淋湿的人行道上有 40 万人，一辆空的马拉灵车从下东区潮湿狭窄的街道缓缓驶向麦迪逊广场上高耸的摩天大楼。
New Yorkers from all walks of life had come to pay tribute to the unidentified victims of the Triangle fire: the deadliest workplace accident in the city's history.
纽约各界人士前来悼念三角火灾中的身份不明的受害者：这是该市历史上最严重的工作场所事故。
A few weeks earlier, the workers had been forgotten cogs in America's immense industrial machine; now, one in 10 New Yorkers were there to claim them as their own.
几周前，工人们还被遗忘在美国庞大的工业机器中。现在，十分之一的纽约人在那里宣称它们是自己的。
Jo Ann E.
乔·安·E.
Argersinger, Historian: Public conscience thought they had failed these young women.
阿格辛格，历史学家：公众良知认为他们辜负了这些年轻女性。
They had somehow not protected them.
他们不知何故没有保护他们。
David Von Drehle, Writer, Writer: There was a recognition: wait these girls can't die in vain.
David Von Drehle，作家，作家：人们认识到：等等，这些女孩不能白白死去。
That was said over and over and over again as if the city had somehow turned it's back on them.
这句话被说了一遍又一遍，好像这座城市以某种方式背弃了他们。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: If there weren't massive funerals, it would have been very easy for the city and the city officials to say, "Well, this is just, it's sort of a natural disaster.
历史学家格林沃尔德：如果没有大规模的葬礼，这座城市和城市官员很容易说：“嗯，这只是，这是一场自然灾害。
It's a terrible thing, but there's nothing anyone can do about it.
这是一件可怕的事情，但任何人都无能为力。
"
”
Annelise Orleck, Historian: If you ask the average American, "Is it okay for workers to work in a shop where the conditions are so dangerous that it could cost them their lives and not have government intervene," most people would say, "No. There's a line." The Triangle Fire drew that line.
历史学家安妮莉丝·奥尔莱克（Annelise Orleck）：如果你问普通美国人，“工人们在条件非常危险、可能会丢掉生命的商店里工作，而且没有政府干预，这可以吗？”大多数人会说，“不可以。有一条线。”三角火画出了这条线。
It burned that line, really, into the nation's conscience.
这句话确实烙印在了这个国家的良心上。
Narrator: Every morning -- six days a week -- more than 100,000 people poured out onto the streets of the Lower East Side, headed toward another day's work in the city's garment factories.
旁白：每周六天，每天早上都有超过 100,000 人涌上下东区的街道，前往该市的服装厂开始新一天的工作。
Many were young women in their teens, some were girls as young as 10.
其中许多是十几岁的年轻女性，有些是年仅 10 岁的女孩。
They were immigrants, Italians who had fled natural disaster, Jews who had escaped persecution in Russia, Ukraine, Poland.
他们是移民、逃离自然灾害的意大利人、逃离俄罗斯、乌克兰和波兰迫害的犹太人。
Their families had chosen America for its promise of a better future.
他们的家人选择美国是因为美国承诺拥有更美好的未来。
But even the youngest daughters had come to understand that their precarious hold on the American dream depended on their willingness to work.
但即使是最小的女儿也开始明白，她们对美国梦的不稳定取决于她们的工作意愿。
Woman 1 (Meredith Anne Bull): Father had to take me to the shop and not be late for his own work.
女人1（梅雷迪思·安妮·布尔）：父亲必须带我去商店，而且他自己的工作不能迟到。
I was eager to begin life on my own responsibility but was also afraid.
我渴望开始自己的责任生活，但也很害怕。
"Don't look so frightened," he said.
“别显得那么害怕，”他说。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: These young girls weren't just earning money for their own clothes or to, you know, go out to a dance hall or to Coney Island.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：这些年轻女孩赚钱不仅仅是为了买衣服，或者，你知道，去舞厅或康尼岛。
They were earning money to support the family.
他们赚钱养家。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: Economic security was the American dream for many of them.
历史学家格林沃尔德：经济安全是他们中许多人的美国梦。
Making enough money to be able to put food on the table, not worry about making rent for the week.
赚到足够的钱可以养家糊口，不用担心一周的房租。
Narrator: As the throng disappeared into sweatshops in tenement apartments, several hundred workers veered off toward the Triangle Shirtwaist factory, in the heart of Greenwich Village.
旁白：当人群消失在公寓的血汗工厂中时，数百名工人转向位于格林威治村中心的三角衬衫工厂。
At the base of the Asch Building, men and women stepped into wooden freight elevators, to ascend to the Triangle factory on the eighth and ninth floors.
在阿希大厦的底层，男男女女踏上木制货运电梯，登上八楼和九楼的三角工厂。
Workers like Michela Marciano, who managed to send a few dollars to her family in Italy every month, or Julia Rosen whose 17-year-old son worked alongside her to help support three younger children, or Catherine Maltese whose 13-year-old daughter wasn't too young to join her on the factory floor.
米凯拉·马西亚诺 (Michela Marciano) 每月都会给意大利的家人寄几美元；朱莉娅·罗森 (Julia Rosen) 17 岁的儿子与她一起工作，养活三个年幼的孩子；凯瑟琳·马尔特斯 (Catherine Maltese) 13 岁的女儿年纪不小，不能和她一起去工厂工作。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: Getting a job in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory was a pretty desired position because they were working in a much more modern factory environment.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：在三角衬衫工厂找到一份工作是一个非常理想的职位，因为他们在一个更加现代化的工厂环境中工作。
High ceilings, big windows.
高高的天花板，大窗户。
Compared to the coal-stove heated, dusty, hugely crowded sweatshop rooms, Triangle was a plum.
与那些用煤炉加热、尘土飞扬、极其拥挤的血汗工厂房间相比，三角区简直就是一个李子。
Narrator: But even at the Triangle, sewing machine operators faced a 14-hour workday for $2 a day at most.
旁白：但即使在三角区，缝纫机操作员也面临着每天工作 14 小时、每天最多 2 美元的收入。
And that was before bosses docked their pay for the needles, the thread, the electricity they used.
那是在老板们扣减他们使用的针、线和电力的工资之前。
Gussie Schneier (Daniella Rabbani): Sometimes you work at a big machine and it's not working right.
Gussie Schneier（Daniella Rabbani）：有时你在一台大机器上工作，但它无法正常工作。
One of the needles skips and you get blamed for mistakes.
其中一根针跳了，你就会因错误而受到指责。
Pauline Newman (Marta Milans): : The same machines, the same surroundings.
Pauline Newman（玛塔·米兰斯）：：同样的机器，同样的环境。
Shirtwaists, Shirtwaists, and more shirtwaists.
衬衫式上衣，衬衫式上衣，还有更多衬衫式上衣。
Narrator: On the 10th floor, the Triangle owners could feel their vast machine shuddering below.
旁白：在十楼，三角业主们能感觉到他们巨大的机器在下面颤抖。
Max Blanck and Isaac Harris had made Triangle a million-dollar-a-year behemoth, mass-producing the garment every modern woman must have: the shirtwaist.
马克斯·布兰克 (Max Blanck) 和艾萨克·哈里斯 (Isaac Harris) 使 Triangle 成为年收入百万美元的庞然大物，大规模生产每个现代女性都必须拥有的服装：衬衫腰。
Harris and Blanck were known as The Shirtwaist Kings, but their empire, as they saw it, was under constant siege.
哈里斯和布兰克被称为衬衫腰国王，但在他们看来，他们的帝国不断受到围攻。
After 20 years, the shirtwaist was getting stale.
20年过去了，衬衫裙已经变得陈旧了。
Fashion editors began to showcase colorful dresses for the modern woman and turned up their noses at the bourgeois waist.
时尚编辑们开始为现代女性展示色彩缤纷的连衣裙，并对资产阶级的腰部嗤之以鼻。
No matter how much silk embroidery Harris added to their designs, the Triangle's sales charts sloped down.
无论哈里斯在他们的设计中添加了多少丝绸刺绣，三角的销售图表都在下降。
Material and shipping costs seemed always to be rising.
材料和运输成本似乎总是在上涨。
Profit margins matched this year's fashion: "teasingly sheer."
利润率符合今年的流行趋势：“纯粹得令人挑衅”。
David Von Drehle, Writer: For Max and Isaac there was this constant awareness that they were -- as successful and as rich as they were -- they were one bad season away from being broke.
大卫·冯·德雷勒（David Von Drehle），编剧：对于马克斯和艾萨克来说，他们始终意识到——尽管他们很成功、很富有——但再过一个糟糕的赛季，他们就会破产。
The competition was enormously fierce: 500 blouse-makers on the island of Manhattan alone.
竞争非常激烈：仅曼哈顿岛上就有 500 家衬衫制造商。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: While they're getting the orders from the department stores, there's some small shop a half a mile away that's willing to beat them by half.
历史学家格林沃尔德：当他们从百货公司接到订单时，半英里外有一家小商店愿意比他们领先一半。
So it's all about continuous production to get as much cloth turned into a product as possible, at the lowest possible price.
因此，关键在于持续生产，以尽可能低的价格将尽可能多的布料转化为产品。
Narrator: That summer there was a growing new threat.
旁白：那年夏天，新的威胁日益增多。
All over the city, garment workers were agitating for shorter hours, better pay, safer shops, unions.
全市各地的服装工人都在呼吁缩短工作时间、提高工资、提高商店安全性和成立工会。
Harris and Blanck saw it in the papers every day and on the streets below.
哈里斯和布兰克每天都在报纸上和下面的街道上看到它。
Workers were walking off the job by the tens, scores, hundreds.
数十名、数十名、数百名工人罢工。
The partners even suspected talk of union on their own shop floor.
合伙人甚至怀疑在自己的车间里谈论工会。
Jo Ann E.
乔·安·E.
Argersinger, Historian: Unionization was the single largest fear for most of these employers.
历史学家阿格辛格：对于大多数雇主来说，工会化是最大的恐惧。
They were terrified that unions would come in because that would diminish their authority over the work place.
他们害怕工会介入，因为这会削弱他们在工作场所的权威。
Narrator: The right to control their own factory was an article of faith for Harris and Blanck -- as for hundreds of business owners just like them.
旁白：控制自己工厂的权利是哈里斯和布兰克的信条——对于数百名像他们一样的企业主来说也是如此。
The Triangle partners were in a bracing, daily battle for economic survival.
三角合作伙伴每天都在为经济生存而进行令人振奋的战斗。
And they meant to control all they could.
他们打算控制一切他们能控制的。
Speed mattered more than ever at the Triangle: volume kept Harris and Blanck ahead of their competition.
在三角队，速度比以往任何时候都更加重要：数量让哈里斯和布兰克在竞争中处于领先地位。
The men had invested in the most up-to-date technology -- and it had to pay.
这些人投资了最先进的技术——而且必须付出代价。
The old pedal pump sewing machines made 34 stitches a minute.
老式脚踏泵缝纫机每分钟缝 34 针。
With the new electric machines the girls were expected to make 3,000 stitches a minute -- and no mistakes.
有了新的电机，女孩们预计每分钟可以缝 3,000 针，而且不能出错。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: An individual worker would be assigned a task whether it was, you know, making collars or buttonholes, and that's what they would do.
历史学家格林沃尔德：每个工人都会被分配一项任务，无论是制作衣领还是扣眼，这就是他们要做的事情。
Steve Fraser, Historian: They're subject to the rhythms of the machine.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：它们受制于机器的节奏。
They are the slave of that machine and the pace at which it works.
他们是这台机器及其运转速度的奴隶。
Pauline Newman (Marta Milans): Rubber heels had just come into use and you rarely heard the foreman sneak up behind you, watching.
Pauline Newman（玛塔·米兰斯）：橡胶高跟鞋刚刚投入使用，你很少听到工头悄悄走到你身后观看。
Sonia Murray (Ami Ankin): He wouldn't let you stop.
索尼娅·默里（阿米·安金）：他不会让你停下来。
Not for a drink, the bathroom, nothing.
不是为了喝水，是为了上厕所，什么都没有。
Woman 2 (Meredith Anne Bull): Sometimes, in my haste, I'd get my finger caught and the needle goes right through it.
女人2（梅雷迪思·安妮·布尔）：有时，在我的匆忙中，我的手指会被夹住，针就会直接穿过它。
I bind the finger up with a piece of cotton and go on working.
我用一块棉花把手指绑起来，然后继续工作。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: Operators were charged for any mistakes that they made.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：操作员因犯下的任何错误而受到指控。
For a lot of these young women whose families depended on their earnings it was very, very stressful.
对于许多靠收入养家糊口的年轻女性来说，压力非常非常大。
If they messed up a garment, and their pay was docked, they would be left, you know, coming home to tell mom, who always got the pay check, "The family's gonna be hungry this week."
如果他们弄乱了一件衣服，他们的工资被扣了，他们就会被留下，你知道，回家告诉总是领工资的妈妈，“这周全家会挨饿。”
Narrator: Even after the machines powered down for the day, the Triangle workers were subject to one final management imperative: No one left the building before opening her bag to the foreman's inspection at the Greene Street exit.
旁白：即使在当天机器关闭后，三角区的工人仍要遵守最后一项管理要求：在格林街出口处打开包让工头检查之前，任何人都不能离开大楼。
Max Blanck was kept awake nights calculating the dollars he might lose if workers walked out with shirtwaists tucked in their bags, or fabric, or thread.
马克斯·布兰克 (Max Blanck) 彻夜难眠，计算着如果工人们将衬衣、布料或线塞在袋子里走出去，他可能会损失多少美元。
To ensure that nobody slipped out un-inspected, Blanck ordered that the only other exit -- at Washington Place -- be kept locked.
为了确保没有人在未经检查的情况下溜出去，布兰克下令将唯一的另一个出口（位于华盛顿广场）保持锁定。
Steve Fraser, Historian: Bosses are under such intense competitive pressure that they're prepared to ignore under most circumstances the grievances of their workers to treat them like, like shtuka, like animals, like pieces.
史蒂夫·弗雷泽（Steve Fraser），历史学家：老板们承受着如此巨大的竞争压力，以至于在大多数情况下，他们准备忽视员工的不满，像对待 shtuka、动物、碎片一样对待他们。
And they don't fear anything.
他们什么都不怕。
There's no government intervention.
没有政府干预。
There's no labor legislation.
没有劳动法。
There's really very little sanitary legislation protecting the health and safety of workers.
保护工人健康和安全的卫生立法确实很少。
There are no minimum wage laws or maximum hour laws.
没有最低工资法或最长工时法。
Nobody's watching!
没人看！
Narrator: There was release at end of a day's monotonous toil as the women stepped out into the long light of summer.
旁白：结束了一天单调的劳作后，女人们走进了夏日的长日光中，得到了释放。
Alfred Allan Lewis, Writer: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory was in the middle of New York.
阿尔弗雷德·艾伦·刘易斯（Alfred Allan Lewis），作家：三角衬衫工厂位于纽约市中心。
If you walked half block you were in Washington Square, lower Fifth Avenue, the great Greek revival homes of the affluent.
如果你步行半个街区，你就到了第五大道下的华盛顿广场，那里是富人的希腊复兴式住宅。
If you walked to the other side, you were in Broadway, where Wannamaker's store was, where, within a few blocks, what was called "Ladies Mile" was, with all of the wonderful shops.
如果你走到另一边，你就在百老汇，那里有 Wannamaker 的商店，几个街区之内就是所谓的“Ladies Mile”，那里有所有很棒的商店。
Steve Fraser, Historian: This is the gilded age.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：这是镀金时代。
It's an age of extravagant conspicuous consumption.
这是一个奢侈、炫耀性消费的时代。
Thomas Bender, Historian: They can walk up Fifth Avenue and see limestone mansions as far as the eye can see.
历史学家托马斯·本德（Thomas Bender）：他们可以沿着第五大道走，看到一望无际的石灰岩豪宅。
They can see all around them that there's all kinds of wealth.
他们可以看到周围有各种各样的财富。
Maria Cichetti (Kara Jackson): They were so beautiful, those hats.
玛丽亚·奇切蒂（卡拉·杰克逊）：那些帽子太漂亮了。
They were so rich.
他们太富有了。
A woman looked so dressed, you know, in the back, with the bustle.
你知道，一个女人在后面看起来打扮得很漂亮，很忙碌。
I wanted to grow up to wear earrings and hats and high heels.
我想长大后戴耳环、戴帽子、穿高跟鞋。
Lottie Spitzer (Daniella Rabbani): I liked music.
洛蒂·斯皮策（丹妮拉·拉巴尼）：我喜欢音乐。
I liked lectures.
我喜欢讲座。
I wanted to learn things; I wanted to learn everything.
我想学习东西；我想学习一切。
The only thing is, the time; I needed time.
唯一的问题是，时间；我需要时间。
Anzia Yezierska (Marta Milans): : I used to creep up on the roof of the tenement and talk out my heart to the stars and the sky.
Anzia Yezierska（玛塔·米兰斯）：我曾经爬上公寓的屋顶，对着星星和天空倾诉我的心声。
Why were we cramped into the crowded darkness?
为什么我们被挤进拥挤的黑暗里？
Why are we wasting with want?
为什么我们要因匮乏而浪费？
Where is America?
美国在哪里？
Narrator: On the morning of October 4, 1909, Harris and Blanck arrived at the Triangle to find their worst fear realized -- their own workers on strike.
旁白：1909 年 10 月 4 日早上，哈里斯和布兰克到达三角区，发现他们最担心的事情变成了现实——他们自己的工人正在罢工。
They saw this union movement as a personal attack on them; an attack on private property; an attack on the liberty at the heart of America's promise and possibility.
他们认为这次工会运动是对他们的人身攻击；对私有财产的攻击；对作为美国承诺和可能性核心的自由的攻击。
Only 20 years earlier, Isaac Harris and Max Blanck had themselves arrived in America -- two young tailors from the shtetls of Eastern Europe -- poor, but ambitious.
仅仅 20 年前，艾萨克·哈里斯 (Isaac Harris) 和马克斯·布兰克 (Max Blanck) 来到了美国——这两位来自东欧小镇的年轻裁缝——贫穷但雄心勃勃。
As far as they were concerned, they'd built the Triangle Waist Company with their own sweat and ingenuity.
对于他们来说，三角腰公司是他们用自己的汗水和聪明才智建立起来的。
They'd risked every hard-won dollar on their dream.
为了他们的梦想，他们赌上了来之不易的每一块钱。
And the gamble had earned them each 10-room brownstones uptown with maids, butlers, governesses.
这场赌博为他们每人赢得了住宅区一套有 10 个房间的赤褐色砂石住宅，配有女佣、管家和家庭教师。
David Von Drehle, Writer: This was the story that was being told all across Europe about what was possible in America.
大卫·冯·德雷勒（David Von Drehle），作家：整个欧洲都在讲述这个故事，讲述美国的可能性。
They'd made it.
他们成功了。
It was the American Dream.
这就是美国梦。
The symbol of what it was all about.
这是一切的象征。
Robyn Muncy, Historian: They saw their wealth, their power, as perfectly legitimate reward for their exercise of individual freedom.
罗宾·蒙西（Robyn Muncy），历史学家：他们将自己的财富、权力视为对行使个人自由的完全合法的奖励。
And that that was the best thing for American society.
这对美国社会来说是最好的事情。
That was the best thing for the economy.
这对经济来说是最好的事情。
Narrator: The evidence abounded in New York: Private wealth was building the city's skyscrapers, its parks, museums, libraries and hospitals.
旁白：纽约的证据比比皆是：私人财富正在建造这座城市的摩天大楼、公园、博物馆、图书馆和医院。
And the men who made it happen were celebrated.
那些实现这一目标的人受到了赞扬。
Steve Fraser, Historian: These industrial buccaneers are lionized.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：这些工业海盗受到人们的崇拜。
There is this commitment in American culture to an extreme kind of individualism that individuals, especially the owners of private property, should not be interfered with.
美国文化信奉一种极端的个人主义，即个人，尤其是私有财产的所有者，不应受到干涉。
That to interfere with them is to place inhibiting obstacles in their path that will restrain prosperity and industrial growth.
干预它们就是在它们的道路上设置抑制性障碍，从而限制繁荣和工业增长。
Robyn Muncy, Historian: I think a lot of industrialists saw themselves as fairly benevolent, as providing jobs, as providing the means of survival to hundreds and sometimes thousands of workers.
罗宾·蒙西（Robyn Muncy），历史学家：我认为很多实业家认为自己相当仁慈，为数百甚至数千名工人提供就业机会和生存手段。
And if workers complained about their wages, complained about their hours or the conditions under which they worked, they were biting the hand that fed them.
如果工人们抱怨自己的工资、工作时间或工作条件，那么他们就是在咬自己的手。
Narrator: Progressive reformers had been shining a light on the growing inequalities in America for 20 years: The crushing poverty, cramped living spaces and inhumane working conditions.
旁白：二十年来，进步改革者一直在揭露美国日益严重的不平等现象：赤裸裸的贫困、狭窄的生活空间和不人道的工作条件。
But their calls for government to re-balance the relationship between employers and their employees went largely unheeded.
但他们要求政府重新平衡雇主与雇员之间关系的呼吁基本上没有得到重视。
What elected official wanted to put the brakes on the country's remarkable economic engine?
哪个民选官员想要给该国卓越的经济引擎踩刹车？
Picketers at the Triangle knew that if they wanted their bosses to treat them fairly, they'd have to force the change themselves.
三角区的纠察队知道，如果他们希望老板公平地对待他们，他们就必须自己强制做出改变。
Steve Fraser, Historian: Winning a union in the shop means establishing a contractual relationship with the boss that covers all the workers in that shop, with respect to not only the wages they work for and the hours that they work, but the conditions under which they work and that their bosses no longer be allowed to get away with what they've been getting away with.
史蒂夫·弗雷泽（Steve Fraser），历史学家：在商店里赢得工会意味着与老板建立一种涵盖该商店所有工人的合同关系，不仅涉及他们的工资和工作时间，还涉及他们的工作条件，并且他们的老板不再被允许逍遥法外。
Narrator: Max Blanck and Isaac Harris weren't going to let a bunch of disgruntled factory girls tell them how to run their company.
旁白：马克斯·布兰克和艾萨克·哈里斯不会让一群心怀不满的工厂女孩告诉他们如何经营公司。
The Triangle owners used "private detective agencies " to provide replacement workers and muscle, bought prostitutes to start fights with the women on the picket lines, and paid off the local police precinct.
三角区的老板们利用“私人侦探机构”提供替代人员和人力，买了妓女与纠察线上的妇女打架，并向当地警察局付钱。
Their hired thugs beat Triangle strikers; and policemen hauled the picketers into court if they fought back.
他们雇佣的暴徒殴打三角罢工者；如果纠察队反抗，警察就会将他们拖进法庭。
But every day for six weeks -- in the face of physical abuse and public indifference -- the women took up their places in front of the Asch Building.
但六个星期以来，每天，面对身体虐待和公众的冷漠，这些妇女们都在阿希大楼前占据了自己的位置。
The longer the women of the Triangle stood fast, the more workers at other shirtwaist factories paid attention.
三角地区的女性站得越久，其他衬衫工厂的工人就越多地关注。
Week after week the feeling grew: something could be done at their own shops.
一周又一周，这种感觉越来越强烈：可以在自己的商店里做一些事情。
Rose Cohen (Kara Jackson): I used to go in the ladies room and a few used to follow me and I was talking to them union.
罗丝·科恩（卡拉·杰克逊）：我过去常常去女厕所，有几个人跟着我，我正在和他们工会谈话。
Eva Goldstein (Ami Ankin): I knew our girls were dissatisfied, I knew other shops were already on strike.
伊娃·戈德斯坦（阿米·安金）：我知道我们的女孩们不满意，我知道其他商店已经罢工了。
I knew it only needed someone to talk to the girls a little and they would join the strikers.
我知道只需要有人和女孩们聊聊，她们就会加入罢工者行列。
Steve Fraser, Historian: They are in America and they're surrounded by the vocabulary of equality and fairness and that whole language of democracy and they begin to expect something like that for themselves -- real opportunity where they see none; a real voice where they have none.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：他们在美国，周围都是平等和公平的词汇以及整个民主的语言，他们开始为自己期待类似的东西——真正的机会，但他们看不到；他们没有的真实声音。
Narrator: That autumn, on factory floors all over New York, shirtwaist workers were talking about ways to secure equitable pay, reasonable working hours, a bit of control over the safety of their shops, and unions to hold the gains.
旁白：那年秋天，在纽约各地的工厂车间里，穿着衬衫的工人正在讨论如何确保公平的工资、合理的工作时间、对商店安全的一点控制以及工会来保持收益。
At the end of November 1909, when organizers called a meeting at New York's Cooper Union, shirtwaist workers packed the house.
1909 年 11 月底，当组织者在纽约库珀联盟召开一次会议时，穿着衬衫的工人们挤满了房子。
The aisles overflowed.
过道里挤满了人。
The crowd backed up into the street.
人群退到街上。
And they were all there to consider something unthinkable before the Triangle women had made their stand: a proposal to run an industry-wide strike against each and every one of the city's 500 shirtwaist manufacturers.
在三角区妇女表明立场之前，她们都在考虑一些不可思议的事情：提议对该市 500 家衬衫制造商进行全行业罢工。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: It's a pie-in-the-sky idea.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：这是一个天上掉馅饼的想法。
And everyone's trying to talk them out of it.
每个人都试图劝说他们不要这么做。
The reformers and the Women's Trade Union League, the senior men and their union, the leadership of the American Federation of Labor, Samuel Gompers himself, is begging them not to do this crazy thing: "None of your families have enough money to sustain a strike.
改革者和妇女工会联盟、高级男性和他们的工会、美国劳工联合会的领导者塞缪尔·冈珀斯本人，恳求他们不要做这种疯狂的事情：“你们的家人都没有足够的钱来维持罢工。
Your younger siblings could starve.
你的弟弟妹妹可能会挨饿。
You don't wanna do this."
你不想这样做。”
Narrator: While union leaders cautioned against action, a 22-year-old garment worker stepped uninvited to the podium.
旁白：正当工会领导人警告不要采取行动时，一名 22 岁的服装工人却不请自来地走上了讲台。
Everyone at the meeting knew of Clara Lemlich.
会议上的每个人都知道克拉拉·莱姆利希。
Just a few weeks earlier when she'd organized a strike at the factory where she'd worked, Lemlich had been beaten by the owners' hired men.
就在几周前，当莱姆利希在她工作的工厂组织一次罢工时，她遭到了工厂主雇工的殴打。
She could still feel the sting of six broken ribs.
她仍然能感觉到六根断了的肋骨的刺痛。
Clara Lemlich (Amy Ankin): : I want to say a few words.
Clara Lemlich（艾米·安金）：：我想说几句话。
I have listened to all the speakers.
我听过所有发言者的发言。
I have no more patience for talk.
我已经没有耐心再说话了。
I move that we go on a general strike.
我提议我们进行总罢工。
David Von Drehle, Writer: And the room goes crazy.
David Von Drehle，作家：房间变得疯狂。
There's almost no point in taking a vote, you know.
你知道，投票几乎没有任何意义。
It's like it's unanimous.
就好像大家意见一致一样。
She's carried the day.
她已经度过了这一天。
Jo Ann E.
乔·安·E.
Argersinger, Historian: They believed they were going to make history.
阿格辛格，历史学家：他们相信自己将创造历史。
Narrator: The next morning, workers in shirtwaist factories across the city awaited some kind of signal.
旁白：第二天早上，全市衬衫工厂的工人们等待着某种信号。
Rose Perr (Kara Jackson): We all sat at the machines with our hats and coats beside us, ready to leave.
罗丝·佩尔（卡拉·杰克逊饰）：我们都坐在机器前，帽子和外套放在旁边，准备离开。
And there was whispering and talking softly all around the room among the machines.
房间里的机器之间传来窃窃私语和轻声说话的声音。
"Shall we wait like this?
“我们就这样等着吗？
Who will get up first?" I started to get up.
谁先起来？”我开始起身。
And at just the same minute all -- we all got up together, in one second.
就在同一分钟，我们所有人都站了起来，在一秒钟之内。
We all stood up, and all walked out together.
我们都站起来，一起往外走。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: They had calmly put down their scissors and walked away from the only thing standing between them and starvation and between their families and starvation.
历史学家安妮莉丝·奥尔莱克：他们平静地放下剪刀，离开了他们与饥饿、家人与饥饿之间唯一的障碍。
Narrator: The women of the Triangle had spurred what was then the largest single work stoppage in the city's history.
旁白：三角区的妇女们引发了当时该市历史上最大规模的单次停工事件。
Pauline Newman (Marta Milans): Ten thousand, 20,000, this is more than anyone of us dared to dream of or hope for.
Pauline Newman（玛塔·米兰斯）：一万，两万，这比我们任何人敢于梦想或希望的都多。
This is not a strike.
这不是罢工。
This is an uprising.
这是一场起义。
Narrator: Within 48 hours 70 of the smallest and most vulnerable shirtwaist factories gave in to their workers' demands.
旁白：48 小时之内，70 家规模最小、最脆弱的衬衫工厂屈服于工人的要求。
They were union-only shops now.
他们现在是工会专用的商店。
The Triangle bosses were contemptuous of the owners who gave up without a fight.
三角区的老板们对不战而屈人之兵的业主很蔑视。
Harris and Blanck organized a manufacturers' association to stand united against the rabble-rousers.
哈里斯和布兰克组织了一个制造商协会，团结起来反对煽动者。
And they issued an edict: "No surrender."
他们颁布了一道法令：“不准投降”。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: The prostitutes are out there.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：妓女就在那里。
They're beating them.
他们正在打败他们。
The police are watching.
警察正在监视。
They're doing nothing.
他们什么也没做。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: And it wasn't just women, the prostitutes' pimps would jump in.
历史学家格林沃尔德：不仅仅是女性，妓女的皮条客也会加入进来。
Triangle would hire ex-prize fighters and known toughs.
三角队会聘请前拳击手和知名强者。
You'd have people being sent off to the hospital.
你会让人被送往医院。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: Ribs were being broken, heads were being cracked, and there wasn't a lot of sympathy.
历史学家安妮莉丝·奥尔莱克（Annelise Orleck）：肋骨被折断，头被打破，但没有太多同情。
When one girl was dragged into court with her head in bloody bandages and the policemen said she'd attacked him, the magistrate believed it and said, "You are on strike against God and nature."
当一名头上缠着血腥绷带的女孩被拖进法庭，警察说她袭击了他时，治安法官相信了这一点，并说：“你是在反抗上帝和自然。”
Narrator: Policemen ran strikers into court every day, where judges fined the women, put them in jail, or shipped them to the workhouse on Blackwell's Island.
旁白：警察每天都会把罢工者赶进法庭，法官对这些妇女处以罚款，将她们投入监狱，或者将她们送往布莱克威尔岛的济贫院。
When 10,000 workers marched on City Hall to protest police brutality, the mayor waved them off.
当一万名工人在市政厅游行抗议警察的暴行时，市长挥手示意他们离开。
David Von Drehle, Writer: The establishment was against labor unions; the police were against labor unions; city hall was against labor unions.
David Von Drehle，作家：建制派反对工会；他们反对工会。警察反对工会；市政府反对工会。
Narrator: Still, the women went back to their picket lines day after day after day.
旁白：尽管如此，妇女们还是日复一日地回到纠察线。
A handful of Progressive reformers were inspired to join the pickets, but for nearly a month most of the city -- and much of the press -- paid little attention.
少数进步改革者受到鼓舞加入纠察队，但近一个月来，大部分城市——以及大部分媒体——对此几乎没有关注。
David Von Drehle, Writer: At this low moment in the strike, when they're running out of money, the most amazing thing happens: A woman named Anne Morgan decides to take up their cause.
大卫·冯·德雷勒（David Von Drehle），作家：在罢工的低潮时刻，当他们的钱用完时，最令人惊奇的事情发生了：一位名叫安妮·摩根的女人决定支持他们的事业。
Anne Morgan was the daughter of J.
安妮·摩根是 J.
Pierpont Morgan, the most powerful financier probably in the history of the world.
皮尔庞特·摩根，可能是世界历史上最有权势的金融家。
Here was the face of American capitalism, Morgan, and the idea that his daughter was taking up the cause -- in a public way -- of these radical, often socialist, trade-unionist strikers, walking picket lines in New York was shocking and exciting.
这就是美国资本主义的面孔，摩根，他的女儿正在以公开的方式支持这些在纽约走纠察线的激进的、通常是社会主义的、工会主义的罢工者的事业，这一想法令人震惊和兴奋。
I mean the newspapers ate it up.
我的意思是报纸把它吃掉了。
It was great copy.
这是很棒的副本。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: They really did believe that the city needed to be reformed and that it was unacceptable to be beating these young girls.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：他们确实相信这座城市需要改革，并且殴打这些年轻女孩是不可接受的。
And they also believed that they were allies in this campaign for women's suffrage, which was picking up steam.
她们还相信自己是这场正在如火如荼地进行的妇女选举权运动的盟友。
So the mink brigade, the so-called mink brigade, start walking the picket lines and it works.
所以水貂大队，所谓的水貂大队，开始在纠察线上行走，而且它起作用了。
Narrator: The society ladies' support kept the strike on the front pages.
旁白：上流社会女士的支持使罢工成为头条新闻。
Millionaire socialite Alva Vanderbilt Belmont and Anne Morgan took over a committee to challenge police brutality and to enlist picketers from the uptown crowd.
百万富翁社交名流阿尔瓦·范德比尔特·贝尔蒙特和安妮·摩根接管了一个委员会，挑战警察的暴行，并从住宅区人群中招募纠察队。
Annelise Orleck, Historian: If you have someone on the social register walking a picket line, police are going to be a little bit more careful and even private police are gonna be a little more careful about who they club.
Annelise Orleck，历史学家：如果你在社交登记册上发现有人在纠察线上行走，警察会更加小心，甚至私人警察也会更加小心他们的俱乐部对象。
Narrator: By the middle of December, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris could feel things turning against them.
旁白：到了 12 月中旬，马克斯·布兰克和艾萨克·哈里斯感觉事情正在向他们不利。
The mainstream press was now writing sympathetic stories about the striking women -- they had suddenly become "those brave girls." With Christmas approaching and the strikers gaining public support, Harris and Blanck decided it was time to lead their fellow factory owners toward the negotiating table.
主流媒体现在正在撰写有关这些罢工女性的同情故事——她们突然变成了“那些勇敢的女孩”。随着圣诞节的临近，罢工者获得了公众的支持，哈里斯和布兰克决定是时候带领他们的工厂主同伴走上谈判桌了。
On the Triangle owners' recommendation, the manufacturers' association agreed to higher wages and shorter hours, if the strikers would drop their demand for union-only shops.
根据三角业主的建议，制造商协会同意提高工资和缩短工作时间，前提是罢工者放弃对工会专用商店的要求。
Their hard-line didn't sit well with Miss Morgan.
他们的强硬路线令摩根小姐感到不舒服。
She was all for individual workers getting better treatment, but she drew the line at fomenting social upheaval.
她完全支持个体工人获得更好的待遇，但她在煽动社会动乱方面划清界限。
"I am heartily in favor of these strikers," Anne Morgan told the press, "but these 'fanatical doctrines' are all the more dangerous because they tend to tear down all the good in our present social state." She abruptly resigned from the strike committee.
“我衷心支持这些罢工者，”安妮·摩根告诉媒体，“但这些‘狂热学说’更加危险，因为它们往往会摧毁我们当前社会状态中的所有美好事物。”她突然辞去了罢工委员会的职务。
Alfred Allan Lewis, Writer: She thought they were really trying to turn this into a socialist cause.
阿尔弗雷德·艾伦·刘易斯，作家：她认为他们真的想把这变成一项社会主义事业。
And she would have none of it.
而她却什么也不想。
This wasn't about changing the world.
这并不是为了改变世界。
Anne Morgan liked most of the world in which she lived.
安妮·摩根喜欢她所生活的世界的大部分地方。
Narrator: Despite having lost a powerful public advocate, the shirtwaist workers refused to soften their demands.
旁白：尽管失去了一位强有力的公众倡导者，衬衫工人仍然拒绝软化他们的要求。
The busy season was right around the corner, and the strikers were betting that owners would want all the experienced hands they could get.
繁忙的季节即将到来，前锋们打赌老板们会想要他们能得到的所有有经验的员工。
One by one, hundreds of shirtwaist manufacturers accepted their workers' demands for a union.
数百家衬衫制造商一一接受了工人成立工会的要求。
And by the middle of February, thousands had returned to union-only shops.
到二月中旬，数千人回到了工会专用商店。
The Triangle strikers weren't so fortunate.
三角前锋就没那么幸运了。
When they finally went back on the job, they had won concessions on wages and hours, but Harris and Blanck had forced them to give up the big issue.
当他们最终重返工作岗位时，他们在工资和工作时间上赢得了让步，但哈里斯和布兰克迫使他们放弃了这个大问题。
Triangle workers still lacked real power to improve the worst conditions of the factory floor.
三角工人仍然缺乏改善工厂车间恶劣条件的真正力量。
There would be no union in the Asch Building.
阿希大厦不会有工会。
March 25, 1911 was a Saturday, a short, eight-hour day at the Triangle.
1911 年 3 月 25 日是星期六，三角区每天工作八小时，时间很短。
As the clock inched toward the end of the shift thoughts drifted toward escape: a long night of freedom beckoned and no work on Sunday.
随着轮班时间的临近，我的思绪渐渐转向逃避：自由的漫漫长夜正在向我们招手，而周日则无需工作。
Woman 2 (Daniella Rabbani): Sometimes we go to Coney Island, where there are good dancing places.
女人2（Daniella Rabbani）：有时我们会去康尼岛，那里有很好的跳舞场所。
I'm very fond of dancing.
我非常喜欢跳舞。
Many of the young men like to talk to me, but I don't go out with any except Henry.
许多年轻人喜欢和我说话，但除了亨利之外我不和任何人出去。
Lately he has been urging me more and more to get married.
最近他越来越催我结婚。
But I think I'll wait.
但我想我会等。
Narrator: On the streets below, New Yorkers were already enjoying a leisurely Saturday: bicycling, motoring, strolling the Avenues, window-shopping on Broadway.
旁白：下面的街道上，纽约人已经在享受悠闲的周六：骑自行车、开车、漫步大道、在百老汇逛街。
David Von Drehle, Writer: Washington Square, you know, is the center of that downtown community so the park was packed with people enjoying the day.
David Von Drehle，作家：华盛顿广场，你知道，是市中心社区的中心，所以公园里挤满了享受这一天的人们。
And suddenly there's smoke rising over this tower a half a block away.
突然，半个街区外的这座塔楼上空升起了浓烟。
Narrator: Minutes earlier, a dropped cigarette had started a fire on the eighth floor of the Asch Building.
旁白：几分钟前，一根掉落的香烟在阿希大厦八楼引发了火灾。
Triangle workers dashed for the stairs, the elevators, and the fire escape.
三角工人冲向楼梯、电梯和消防通道。
Max Blanck and Isaac Harris on 10 -- warned by phone from below -- made their way to the roof where they scrambled across to the building next door.
10 号的马克斯·布兰克 (Max Blanck) 和艾萨克·哈里斯 (Isaac Harris) 在接到来自楼下的电话警告后，爬上了屋顶，爬到了隔壁的大楼。
In the panic, no one alerted the 200 sewing machine operators on the ninth floor.
惊慌之中，没有人向九楼的200名缝纫机操作员发出警报。
Ethel Monick (Kara Jackson): I turned to one of the girls who was putting on her hat and said, "Where does that smoke come from?"
埃塞尔·莫尼克（卡拉·杰克逊）：我转向其中一个正在戴帽子的女孩说：“那烟是从哪里来的？”
Woman 3 (Daniella Rabbani): Before I could move, everybody in the shop started to scream and holler.
女人 3（丹妮拉·拉巴尼）：在我移动之前，店里的每个人都开始尖叫和喊叫。
Narrator: Startled machine operators scanned the floor for friends and family, and for the fastest way out.
旁白：震惊的机器操作员扫视地板寻找朋友和家人，并寻找最快的逃生路线。
The everyday exit, the Greene Street stairway, was already blocked by smoke and fire.
日常出口，即格林街楼梯，已经被烟雾和火灾堵塞。
Some women fled out a window and onto the fire escape to the back alley.
一些妇女从窗户逃出，并通过消防梯逃到后巷。
Others ran toward two tiny passenger elevators that led to Washington Place.
其他人则跑向两部通往华盛顿广场的小型乘客电梯。
Woman 3 (Daniella Rabbani): The first time the elevator came up the girls rushed in, and it was crowded in a half second.
女3（丹妮拉·拉巴尼饰）：电梯第一次上来，女孩们就冲了进去，半秒就挤满了人。
The elevator driver struggled with the door and finally closed it.
电梯司机奋力拉门，最后还是关上了门。
I was left with those who didn't make the first trip.
我留下了那些没有参加第一次旅行的人。
Narrator: Sewing machine operators pushed their way down narrow aisles clogged with wicker baskets, loose fabric, their own co-workers.
旁白：缝纫机操作员沿着狭窄的过道挤满了柳条篮、松散的布料和他们自己的同事。
Mary Bucelli (Marta Milans): I was throwing them out of the way.
玛丽·布切利（玛塔·米兰斯）：我把它们扔到了一边。
I was pushing them down.
我把他们推倒了。
I was only looking out for my own life.
我只是为了自己的生活着想。
Kate Alterman (Kara Jackson): A young lady began to pull me in the back of my dress.
凯特·奥尔特曼（卡拉·杰克逊）：一位年轻女士开始拉我的裙子后面。
I kicked her with my foot and I don't know what became of her.
我用脚踢了她，我不知道她怎么样了。
Yetta Lubitz (Ami Ankin): I jumped over two lines of machines away from the flames.
耶塔·卢比茨（阿米·安金）：我跳过两排机器远离火焰。
I looked and I saw an old Italian woman.
我看了看，看到一位意大利老妇人。
She couldn't jump over the machines.
她无法跳过机器。
Narrator: Panic rose when the women inside heard the overburdened fire escape pull from its masonry, heard the cries of their fellow workers tumbling off the twisting structure.
旁白：当里面的妇女们听到不堪重负的防火梯从砖石结构中拉出，听到工友们从扭曲的结构上跌落的呼喊声时，恐慌升起。
As the smoke grew thicker, some were drawn toward the light of windows overlooking Washington Square.
随着烟雾越来越浓，一些人被俯瞰华盛顿广场的窗户的灯光吸引。
People were starting to gather at the Asch Building now: passers-by and picnickers, students from nearby New York University, and a young reporter from the United Press.
现在人们开始聚集在阿希大厦：路人和野餐者，附近纽约大学的学生，还有合众社的一名年轻记者。
William Gunn Shepherd (Michael Daly): There was a living picture in each window -- four girls waving their arms.
威廉·古恩·谢泼德（迈克尔·戴利饰）：每个窗户里都有一幅活生生的照片——四个女孩挥舞着手臂。
"Call the firemen," they screamed.
“呼叫消防员，”他们尖叫道。
"Get a ladder." We heard a fire engine in the distance.
“拿个梯子来。”我们听到远处有消防车的声音。
"Here they come," we yelled.
“他们来了，”我们喊道。
"Stay there."
“呆在那里。”
Narrator: The fire was spreading faster now -- feeding itself on piles of shirtwaists, wooden tables, even the fabric dust that hung in the air.
旁白：火势现在蔓延得更快了，火势蔓延到成堆的衬衫、木桌，甚至是空气中悬挂的织物灰尘上。
The only precaution the Triangle owners had taken against this sort of disaster -- a dozen red pails of water -- sat impotent in the corners.
三角区业主针对此类灾难采取的唯一预防措施是十几桶红水，但在角落里却毫无作用。
The workers who remained inside pushed toward the Washington Place passenger elevator.
留在里面的工人推向华盛顿广场的乘客电梯。
They knew time was running out.
他们知道时间已经不多了。
This was probably the last run.
这可能是最后一次跑步了。
Anna Gullo (Marta Milans): The elevator came up and I was swept into the car by the crowd behind me.
安娜·古洛（玛塔·米兰斯）：电梯来了，我被身后的人群冲进了车厢。
The last thing I remember seeing was my sister Marie -- enveloped in flames.
我记得看到的最后一件事是我的妹妹玛丽——被火焰包围。
David Von Drehle, Writer: As the elevators descended, workers started jumping into the elevator shaft, first trying to slide down the cable or ride the top of the car but then the crowd behind these women in the open elevator doorways are pushing, pushing to escape from the flames.
作家戴维·冯·德雷尔 (David Von Drehle)：随着电梯下降，工人们开始跳进电梯井，首先试图滑下缆绳或登上轿顶，但随后这些妇女身后的人群在敞开的电梯门口不断推挤，试图逃离火焰。
And now people are being pushed, falling into that elevator shaft.
现在人们被推着掉进电梯井里。
Narrator: There was one final hope for the trapped Triangle workers: opening the locked door to the Washington Place stairway.
旁白：被困三角区的工人还有最后的希望：打开华盛顿广场楼梯上锁的门。
But no one had the key.
但没有人有钥匙。
Kate Alterman (Kara Jackson): I saw Bernstein trying to open the door.
凯特·奥尔特曼（卡拉·杰克逊）：我看到伯恩斯坦试图打开门。
He couldn't open it.
他打不开它。
And then I saw Margaret bending down on her knees.
然后我看到玛格丽特跪下。
The trail of her dress and the ends of her hair began to burn.
她的裙子和发尾的痕迹开始燃烧。
And then came a big smoke and I couldn't see.
然后冒出一股浓烟，我就看不见了。
I just knew it was Margaret.
我只知道那是玛格丽特。
Lena Yaller (Daniella Rabbani): People were screaming about their children and anything else.
莉娜·亚勒（丹妮拉·拉巴尼）：人们为他们的孩子和其他任何事情而尖叫。
I noticed Bernstein going around like a wild cat on the windows.
我注意到伯恩斯坦像一只野猫一样在窗户上走来走去。
Then I saw the flames covering him.
然后我看到火焰覆盖了他。
Smoke was coming up all around us.
我们周围烟雾缭绕。
I couldn't see anything else.
我看不到其他任何东西。
I felt a draft.
我感觉到一股气流。
I wanted to make my way over to where it came from.
我想回到它来的地方。
I wanted to open the window.
我想打开窗户。
Narrator: It had been less than five minutes since the first alarm, but more than a thousand people had crowded around the Asch building.
旁白：距离第一次警报响起还不到五分钟，阿希大楼周围已经挤满了一千多人。
They watched as the firemen raised their ladders to their full extension.
他们看着消防员将梯子完全展开。
They barely reached the sixth floor -- 30 feet shy of the trapped Triangle workers.
他们勉强到达了六楼——距离被困三角工人还有 30 英尺。
Man 1 (Frank Pando): People began to holler, "Raise the ladders!
男子 1（弗兰克·潘多）：人们开始大喊，“升起梯子！
Raise the ladders!" But we had the ladders up.
把梯子升起来！”但我们已经把梯子架起来了。
William Gunn Shepherd (Michael Daly): One girl climbed onto the window sash.
威廉·冈恩·谢泼德（迈克尔·戴利饰）：一名女孩爬到窗扇上。
Those behind her tried to hold her back.
身后的人试图阻止她。
Then she dropped into space.
然后她坠入太空。
Man 2 (Joe Lisi): I saw groups of women embracing each other and leaping to the sidewalk.
男人2（Joe Lisi）：我看到一群女人互相拥抱并跳到人行道上。
The firemen were helpless.
消防员们束手无策。
The nets were ripped from their hands, many stooped and picked up the nets again with their hands bleeding.
渔网从他们手中被扯下来，许多人弯下腰重新拾起渔网，双手流血。
William Gunn Shepherd (Michael Daly): The last workers were trapped against the blackened windows, burning to death before our very eyes.
威廉·冈恩·谢泼德（迈克尔·戴利饰）：最后一批工人被困在漆黑的窗户旁，在我们眼前被烧死。
The glass they were pressed against shattered.
他们被压住的玻璃碎裂了。
Down came the bodies in a shower -- burning, smoking, flaming bodies, with disheveled hair trailing upward.
尸体如阵雨般倾泻而下——燃烧着、冒着烟、着火的尸体，蓬乱的头发向上垂下。
Man 1 (Frank Pando): The bodies lay there on the sidewalk three or four high, burning, and we had to play the hoses on them.
男子 1（弗兰克·潘多）：人行道上躺着三四具尸体，燃烧着，我们不得不用水管对着尸体。
William Gunn Shepherd (Michael Daly): I looked upon the heap of dead bodies and I remembered these girls were the shirtwaist makers.
威廉·冈恩·谢泼德（迈克尔·达利饰）：我看着那堆尸体，我记得这些女孩是衬衫腰的制作者。
I remembered their great strike of last year.
我记得他们去年的伟大罢工。
David Von Drehle, Writer: The crowd knew the Triangle.
大卫·冯·德雷勒（David Von Drehle），作家：人们都知道三角区。
They knew the cause of these workers And here, now, of all places this same factory had gone up in flames and hundreds of these workers who had said that the conditions were not safe, that the fate of workers was perilous in New York, the justice of the strikers' cause had been underlined in blood on these sidewalks.
他们知道这些工人的事业，现在，在所有地方，这家工厂都着火了，数百名工人说工作条件不安全，工人的命运在纽约很危险，罢工者事业的正义性在这些人行道上用鲜血强调了。
Narrator: Thirty minutes after the initial call, the New York City Fire Department had the blaze at the Triangle under control.
旁白：接到初步电话三十分钟后，纽约市消防局控制住了三角区的火势。
Three hours later, firemen began lowering bodies by block-and-tackle.
三小时后，消防队员开始用滑轮组将尸体降下。
New York City policemen -- some of them the same men who had beaten the picketing workers -- leaned out of windows on each floor to make sure the bodies didn't bang against the side of building as they descended from the Triangle Waist Company for the final time.
纽约市警察——其中一些人就是殴打纠察工人的人——在最后一次从三角腰公司下来时，他们从每层楼的窗户探出身子，以确保尸体不会撞到建筑物的侧面。
Others catalogued the personal belongings strewn on the sidewalks: a broken hair comb, a patent leather Oxford with the laces still tied in a knot, a rosary, a fur-trimmed hat with a crushed red rose.
其他人则对散落在人行道上的个人物品进行了分类：一把折断的发梳、一本鞋带仍打结的漆皮牛津鞋、一串念珠、一顶饰有压碎的红玫瑰的毛皮帽子。
Even the most hardened policemen buckled; the crew had to be changed almost every hour.
即使是最坚强的警察也会屈服；船员几乎每小时都要更换一次。
When the last body was removed just after midnight, the total number of dead stood at 145.
当午夜过后最后一具尸体被移走时，死亡总数为 145 人。
Fifty-three had jumped or fallen from the windows.
五十三人从窗户跳下或跌落。
Nineteen fell in the elevator shaft.
十九人掉进了电梯井。
More than 20 tumbled off the fire escape.
超过20人从消防梯上摔下来。
And at least 50 burned to death on the factory floor.
工厂车间内至少有 50 人被烧死。
All but 23 of the dead were women, nearly half of them teen-agers.
除 23 名死者外，其余均为女性，其中近一半是青少年。
One jumper had miraculously survived.
一名跳绳运动员奇迹般地生还。
She lay near death in St. Vincent's Hospital.
她躺在圣文森特医院，生命垂危。
The morning after the fire, friends and relatives of the Triangle workers gathered outside a temporary morgue on the East River, where the bodies were lined up for identification each under white cloth, heads pillowed up for viewing.
火灾发生后的第二天早上，三角工人的亲朋好友聚集在东河上的一个临时太平间外，尸体排成一排，每具尸体都盖着白布，头枕着枕头等待查看。
David Von Drehle, Writer: People were invited to come in and try to identify children, or wives, or husbands, or boyfriends, or daughters, or girlfriends who had not come home all night.
大卫·冯·德雷勒（David Von Drehle），作家：人们被邀请进来，试图找出整夜没有回家的孩子、妻子、丈夫、男朋友、女儿或女朋友。
Man 3 (Frank Pando): I had to get Mary identified; she was burned beyond recognition.
男 3（弗兰克·潘多）：我必须确认玛丽的身份；她被烧得面目全非。
The dentist opened her mouth and recognized his work.
牙医张开嘴，认出了他的工作。
Esther Rosen (Daniella Rabbani): It was Mama's hair.
埃丝特·罗森（丹妮拉·拉巴尼）：那是妈妈的头发。
I braided it for her.
我给她编了辫子。
I know...
我知道...
I know.
我知道。
Salvatore Maltese (Joe Lisi): I've been to the morgue three times and looked over 20 charred bodies.
Salvatore Maltese（乔·利斯）：我去过太平间3次，看过20多具烧焦的尸体。
None of them can I recognize as my wife.
我认不出他们是我的妻子。
Narrator: The fire claimed its final victim on March 30, 1911, when the surviving jumper died.
旁白：1911 年 3 月 30 日，这场大火夺走了最后一位遇难者的生命，幸存的跳伞者也不幸身亡。
In death, she was no longer anonymous.
死后，她不再是匿名的。
She was Sarah Kupla, a 16-year-old sewing machine operator mourned by her family in the Bronx.
她是莎拉·库普拉 (Sarah Kupla)，一名 16 岁的缝纫机操作员，布朗克斯的家人正在哀悼她。
Newspapers, public officials, the wider world had begun to attach names to these Triangle workers by then: Rosie Bassino and her sister Irene; Max Lehrer and his brother Sam; Mary Goldstein; the Saracino sisters; Michela Marciano, who had survived an eruption of Mt. Vesuvius before emigrating to America; Rose Manofsky, whose little sister had lost her sole source of support; and Salvatore Maltese, who had buried every female in his household: his wife Catherine, his 20-year old daughter Lucia and his daughter Rosaria, who was -- at 14 -- the fire's youngest victim.
那时，报纸、政府官员和更广阔的世界已经开始给这些三角工人起了名字：罗西·巴西诺和她的妹妹艾琳；马克斯·莱勒和他的兄弟山姆；玛丽·戈德斯坦；萨拉西诺姐妹；米凯拉·马西亚诺 (Michela Marciano)，在移居美国之前在维苏威火山喷发中幸存下来；罗丝·曼诺夫斯基（Rose Manofsky），他的妹妹失去了唯一的支持来源；萨尔瓦多·马尔特斯 (Salvatore Maltese) 埋葬了家里的每一位女性：他的妻子凯瑟琳 (Catherine)、20 岁的女儿露西亚 (Lucia) 和 14 岁的女儿罗莎莉亚 (Rosaria)，她是火灾中最年轻的受害者。
Families of the victims took some small measure of comfort from a sympathetic public.
受害者家属从富有同情心的公众那里得到了一些小小的安慰。
New Yorkers raised money to pay for burials, to support dependents left behind, or to replace the weekly cash envelopes Triangle workers had sent to their families in Europe.
纽约人筹集资金用于支付丧葬费、赡养留守家属，或者更换三角工人每周寄给欧洲家人的现金信封。
Survivors also hoped for some small measure of justice when Isaac Harris and Max Blanck were brought up on charges of manslaughter and were shattered when the two men were acquitted.
当艾萨克·哈里斯和马克斯·布兰克被控过失杀人罪时，幸存者还希望得到一些小小的正义，但当两人被无罪释放时，他们的希望破灭了。
The state failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the two men knew the exit door was locked at the time of the fire.
该州未能毫无疑问地证明这两个人在火灾发生时知道出口门是锁着的。
The Shirtwaist Kings would take their insurance settlement and fade into obscurity.
衬衫腰国王队将拿走他们的保险赔偿金并逐渐消失。
The Triangle factory -- and the memory of the women who worked there -- would not.
三角工厂——以及在那里工作的女性的记忆——不会。
Thomas Bender, Historian: People were realizing that they had tolerated a kind of set of employment and other industrial practices that they should never have tolerated.
历史学家托马斯·本德：人们意识到他们容忍了一系列他们本不应该容忍的就业和其他工业实践。
What people had been saying, that you can't have unregulated industrialization, that there are things that have to be managed not by the market but by public policy, this now rang true in a way that it didn't the day before.
人们一直在说，工业化不能不受监管，有些事情不能由市场来管理，而应该由公共政策来管理，现在这句话听起来与前一天不同，是正确的。
Richard A.
理查德·A.
Greenwald, Historian: It opens wide a system that was for so long seen as a private system between a worker and an owner.
历史学家格林沃尔德：它打开了一个长期以来被视为工人和所有者之间的私人系统的系统。
It essentially says at that point that it's no longer private.
它本质上是在表明它不再是私有的。
It can never be private again.
它永远不可能再成为私有的。
There are 146 women, men who died because that was a private system.
有 146 名女性和男性死亡，因为那是一个私人系统。
That doesn't work.
那是行不通的。
Narrator: In the aftermath of the Triangle fire, an enraged public compelled government to act.
旁白：三角火灾发生后，愤怒的公众迫使政府采取行动。
The New York State Legislature funded a factory safety commission, which held months of hearings, collected testimony from hundreds of owners and workers, and inspected nearly two thousand factories.
纽约州立法机构资助了一个工厂安全委员会，该委员会举行了数月的听证会，收集了数百名业主和工人的证词，并检查了近两千家工厂。
Within two years, the commission's shocking findings spurred the passage of more than 30 new laws.
两年内，该委员会令人震惊的调查结果促使 30 多项新法律获得通过。
They set standards for minimum wages, maximum hours and workplace conditions, gave teeth to child labor laws, and addressed each and every failure at the Triangle factory.
他们制定了最低工资、最长工作时间和工作条件的标准，落实了童工法，并解决了三角工厂的每一个失败问题。
Jo Ann E.
乔·安·E.
Argersinger, Historian: And New York does become a model, clearly inspired by these young women.
阿格辛格，历史学家：纽约确实成为了一个典范，显然是受到这些年轻女性的启发。
I think Sam Gompers said it best that rarely do you get an opportunity for such legislative reform, but women had to burn first in order for this to happen.
我认为萨姆·冈珀斯（Sam Gompers）说得最好，你很少有机会进行此类立法改革，但为了实现这一目标，女性必须首先燃烧。
Woman 1 (Kara Jackson): I dreamed about the fire at night, and I would dream that I was falling out of the window, screaming.
女人1（卡拉杰克逊）：我晚上梦见了火灾，我会梦见我从窗户掉下来，尖叫着。
I remember hollering to my mother in the dark.
我记得在黑暗中对妈妈大喊。
"Mama, I just jumped out of the window."
“妈妈，我刚刚从窗户跳出去了。”
The deadliest workplace accident in New York's history changed American factories forever.
纽约历史上最致命的工作场所事故永远改变了美国工厂。
Anne Morgan used her family's wealth and connections to bring attention to the women's suffrage movement and the plight of immigrant workers.
安妮·摩根利用家族的财富和关系引起人们对妇女选举权运动和移民工人困境的关注。
This 23-year-old Ukrainian immigrant was the voice that helped incite the famous 1909 women's labor strike.
这位 23 岁的乌克兰移民为煽动 1909 年著名的妇女劳工罢工发声。
Pauline Newman worked tirelessly to organize garment workers around the country.
宝琳·纽曼 (Pauline Newman) 不知疲倦地努力组织全国各地的服装工人。
She was devasted by the Triangle Shirtwaist fire.
她被三角衬衫腰火灾摧毁了。
After a decade of working in New York's garment district, Isaac Harris and Max Blanck entered a partnership that earned them the nickname of the "Shirtwaist Kings."
在纽约服装区工作十年后，艾萨克·哈里斯 (Isaac Harris) 和马克斯·布兰克 (Max Blanck) 建立了合作关系，为他们赢得了“衬衫腰王”的绰号。
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the shirtwaist blouse was regarded as the model shirt for the independent, working woman.
在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初，衬衫腰衬衫被视为独立职业女性的典范衬衫。
Danger can be ever present in some jobs.
某些工作中可能永远存在危险。
Explore some of the deadliest workplace accidents since 1860.
探索 1860 年以来一些最致命的工作场所事故。
Ladies fashions in the early 1900s mixed opulence with practicality, as more women entered the American workforce.
随着越来越多的女性进入美国劳动力市场，20 世纪 00 年代初的女装时尚将奢华与实用融为一体。
Author Kristin Downey discusses Frances Perkins, a labor rights activist, close friend of FDR, and the first female secretary of labor.
作者克里斯汀·唐尼 (Kristin Downey) 讨论了劳工权利活动家、罗斯福的密友、第一位女劳工部长弗朗西斯·帕金斯 (Frances Perkins)。
On April 5, 1911, New Yorkers from all walks of life paid tribute to the unidentified victims of the Triangle fire: the deadliest workplace accident in the city's history.
1911 年 4 月 5 日，纽约各界人士向三角火灾的不明遇难者致敬：这是该市历史上最致命的工作场所事故。
In October 1909, the owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, fought back against striking workers.
1909年10月，三角衬衫工厂的老板们对罢工的工人进行了反击。