The Transcontinental Railroad

Narrator: The first Transcontinental Railroad has been called the engineering marvel of the 19th century and a flat-out swindle; it opened new economies in the American West, while consuming vast quantities of its natural resources; it birthed one way of life on the Great Plains and destroyed another.

旁白：第一条横贯大陆的铁路被称为 19 世纪的工程奇迹，也是彻头彻尾的骗局；它在美国西部开辟了新的经济体，同时消耗了大量的自然资源；它在大平原上诞生了一种生活方式，也摧毁了另一种生活方式。

In making the road, a young nation would display its capacity for boldness, ingenuity, and industry.

在开辟道路的过程中，一个年轻的国家将展示其大胆、独创性和勤奋的能力。

It would also reveal its capacity for greed, graft, and mindless violence.

它还将暴露其贪婪、腐败和盲目暴力的能力。

New heroes of business and industry -- such as hardware dealer Collis P.

商业和工业的新英雄——例如硬件经销商 Collis P.

Huntington and construction boss Jack Casement -- would make names for themselves.

亨廷顿和建筑老板杰克·凯斯门特——日后名声大噪。

As would the engaging but rapacious scoundrel, Thomas C.

就像迷人但贪婪的恶棍托马斯·C.

Durant.

杜兰特。

Phil Roberts, Historian: These were bigger than life kinds of adventures that were going on out West.

历史学家菲尔·罗伯茨（Phil Roberts）：这些都是西方发生的比生命更大的冒险。

Here was, in essence, the railroad representing civilization moving into the wilderness.

从本质上讲，这里是代表文明走向荒野的铁路。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: It was just the feat that boggled the imagination -- that from Omaha and the Missouri River, they could build all the way to Sacramento and the Sacramento River with nothing in between these two early settlements.

人类学家弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst）：这是一个令人难以置信的壮举——他们可以从奥马哈和密苏里河一直建造到萨克拉门托和萨克拉门托河，而这两个早期定居点之间没有任何东西。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: The Transcontinental Railroad was the technological manifestation of Manifest Destiny.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼：横贯大陆的铁路是昭昭命运的技术表现。

This was how we were going to make this all one country.

这就是我们要使这一切成为一个国家的方式。

Narrator: Even before construction began, the Transcontinental Railroad had precious freight to bear: the hopes and dreams of an entire nation.

旁白：甚至在建设开始之前，横贯大陆铁路就承载着宝贵的货物：整个国家的希望和梦想。

It hauled the promise of new wealth to the filthy rich, the landless poor, and everybody in between.

它为肮脏的富人、没有土地的穷人以及中间的每个人带来了新财富的希望。

As the road was built, Huntington, Casement, and Durant would be joined by Congressmen, engineers, prostitutes, laborers, and Main Street merchants in a desperate race for the loot.

随着道路的修建，亨廷顿、凯斯门特和杜兰特将与国会议员、工程师、妓女、工人和大街商人一起，展开一场拼命争夺战利品的竞赛。

But the stakes were not merely personal.

但赌注不仅仅是个人的。

With the railroad complete, it was asserted, America could take its place as "the first nation of the world, in commerce, in government, in intellectual and moral supremacy."

有人断言，随着铁路的竣工，美国将成为“世界上在商业、政府、知识和道德方面至高无上的国家”。

The man who would fire America's first Transcontinental Railroad, Theodore Judah, was born in 1826 -- to a nation on the rise.

西奥多·犹大 (Theodore Judah) 是美国第一条横贯大陆铁路的点火者，他出生于 1826 年，出生在一个正在崛起的国家。

The United States was a young republic but already possessed of big ideas for itself.

美国是一个年轻的共和国，但已经拥有了自己的宏伟构想。

And as early as the 1830s, while Judah was still a schoolboy, pamphleteers began to champion one entirely new idea: a railroad from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

早在 1830 年代，当犹大还是一名学生时，小册子作者就开始倡导一个全新的想法：修建一条从大西洋到太平洋的铁路。

The earliest railroad projectors were zealous as missionaries, and about as practical.

最早的铁路投影仪像传教士一样热心，而且也很实用。

None of these men had even seen the Far West.

这些人都没有见过远西。

Yet they insisted this railroad would be the main commercial road between Europe and Asia.

然而他们坚称这条铁路将成为欧洲和亚洲之间的主要商业道路。

"The whole commerce of the vast world," one exclaimed, "will be tumbled into our lap."

“广阔世界的整个商业，”其中一人惊呼，“将落入我们的怀抱。”

Few Americans bought into these dreamy projections.

很少有美国人相信这些梦幻般的预测。

Much of the West was presumed useless: a land, said one United States Senator, "which no American citizen should be compelled to inhabit unless as a punishment for crime."

西方的大部分地区被认为是无用的：一位美国参议员说，“任何美国公民都不应被迫居住在这片土地上，除非作为对犯罪的惩罚。”

Donald Fixico, Historian: There's so much land, so much space, air, the clouds, everything.

历史学家唐纳德·菲西科（Donald Fixico）：有如此多的土地、如此多的空间、空气、云层，一切。

It's almost magnified.

几乎被放大了。

The Rocky Mountains to the West.

西边是落基山脉。

They're awesome.

他们太棒了。

Rivers when they're flooding, awesome.

河水泛滥的时候，真是太棒了。

A tornado, awesome.

龙卷风，厉害啊

So these things are much greater than a human being.

所以这些东西比人类伟大得多。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: The country was empty essentially.

温德尔·霍夫曼，历史学家：这个国家基本上是空的。

Miles and miles of sage brush between anything they recognized in the Missouri River Valley until they got into the mountains of the West.

在密苏里河谷，他们在他们所认识的任何地方之间都经过了数英里的鼠尾草灌木丛，直到他们进入了西部的山区。

It was basically a big blank slate.

它基本上是一块大白板。

Narrator: There were a few lonely military and trading posts out west, the Mormon stronghold of Salt Lake City, and about 350,000 Indians, some friendly, many not.

旁白：西部有一些偏僻的军事和贸易站，摩门教据点盐湖城，还有大约 35 万印第安人，其中一些是友好的，许多不是。

And as discovery of gold in California began to draw travelers across that land, those who made the nearly 2,000 mile trip found out how malicious the interior west could be.

随着加利福尼亚州金矿的发现开始吸引旅行者穿越这片土地，那些进行了近 2,000 英里旅行的人发现了西部内陆地区的险恶程度。

David Bain, Writer: It was five months of sheer misery, and there were many people who died along the way whether if by the hands of Indians or from dysentery or cholera, accidents, starvation, lack of water.

作家戴维·贝恩：这五个月的时间是纯粹的苦难，一路上有很多人死了，无论是死于印第安人之手，还是死于痢疾、霍乱、事故、饥饿、缺水。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: The 40 mile desert got its name during the overland immigration to California during the gold rush.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼 (Wendell Huffman)：这片 40 英里的沙漠因淘金热期间从陆路移民到加利福尼亚州而得名。

It was the distance from the last good water of the Humboldt River as it evaporated and trickled into the sand before they finally got to the Truckee River.

这是洪堡河最后的好水在他们最终到达特拉基河之前蒸发并滴入沙子的距离。

Forty miles without water in a world that's powered by animals is a long distance.

在一个以动物为动力的世界里，四十英里没有水是一段很长的距离。

Carol Bowers, Historian: As the animals had difficulty they might have to lighten their loads.

历史学家卡罗尔·鲍尔斯（Carol Bowers）：由于动物遇到困难，他们可能不得不减轻负担。

And so they might have tossed aside things like cook stoves, rocking chairs, furniture, almost any type of household goods.

因此，他们可能会扔掉炉灶、摇椅、家具以及几乎所有类型的家居用品。

And certainly all along those trails, there are graves where people had to bury their loved ones and move on without them.

当然，沿着这些小路，到处都是坟墓，人们不得不埋葬他们所爱的人，然后在没有他们的情况下继续前进。

David Bain, Writer: There was a danger of the bodies being dug up by wolves and other predators.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：尸体存在被狼和其他掠食者挖出的危险。

So usually people would be buried right on the trail itself, and then the constant tapping down of all of those covered wagons going past would just harden the earth and make it impossible for the grave to be desecrated.

因此，通常人们会被埋在小路上，然后不断地敲击经过的所有有盖货车，只会使土壤变硬，使坟墓不可能被亵渎。

So most of the graves were not marked, and there's no way of knowing how many thousands of people died along that route.

因此，大多数坟墓都没有标记，也无法知道这条路线上有多少人死亡。

Narrator: As gold-rich veins of ore were cracked open in California, the U.S. Army began to worry about protecting this valuable but far-flung state -- and safeguarding both the people and precious goods flowing east and west.

旁白：随着加利福尼亚州富含金矿的矿脉被开采出来，美国陆军开始担心如何保护这个宝贵但幅员辽阔的州，以及保护东西方流动的人民和贵重货物。

A railroad could do it -- with all sorts of side benefits.

铁路可以做到这一点——而且还有各种附带好处。

Railroads in the east were already generating enormous revenues for owners -- and prosperity for the towns and cities along the lines.

东部的铁路已经为业主带来了巨额收入，也为沿线城镇带来了繁荣。

Many in Congress recognized that there was potential in a railroad to the western sea -- and agreed to fund surveys of possible routes for what was known as "the Pacific Railroad."

国会中的许多人认识到修建通往西海的铁路的潜力，并同意资助对所谓“太平洋铁路”可能路线的调查。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: They had personal stakes in the matter.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼：他们在这件事上有个人利害关系。

Very realistic stakes.

非常现实的赌注。

The Congressmen that were active on behalf of specific geographical points to be starting points for the railroad were, for the most part, invested in those communities.

那些积极代表作为铁路起点的特定地理点的国会议员大部分都投资于这些社区。

Stephen Douglas owned property in the site of Chicago.

斯蒂芬·道格拉斯在芝加哥拥有财产。

He also owned area in Duluth.

他还在德卢斯拥有土地。

David Bain, Writer: Thomas Hart Benton, for instance, was very interested that the railroad would go through Missouri and head off toward the Rockies that way.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：托马斯·哈特·本顿（Thomas Hart Benton）例如，对铁路将穿过密苏里州并朝落基山脉延伸非常感​​兴趣。

Stephen Douglas would not cooperate unless the railroad went through Illinois.

除非铁路经过伊利诺伊州，否则斯蒂芬·道格拉斯不会合作。

The Southern politicians -- people like Jefferson Davis -- wanted it to start in Georgia and move across.

南方政客——像杰斐逊·戴维斯这样的人——希望它从佐治亚州开始并蔓延到各地。

There was just no way that they could come to any kind of decision.

他们根本无法做出任何决定。

Narrator: Though Congress appeared to be hopelessly deadlocked, the idea of a coast-to-coast railroad had captured the imagination of engineers all over America -- and none more than Theodore Judah.

旁白：尽管国会似乎陷入了无可救药的僵局，但从东海岸到西海岸的铁路的想法却激发了全美国工程师的想象力——其中最重要的是西奥多·犹大。

Judah was a practically trained civil engineer, having begun work on eastern railroads at age 13 before heading west in 1854 to build the first railroad in California.

Judah 是一位受过实际训练的土木工程师，13 岁时就开始在东部铁路工作，然后于 1854 年前往西部修建加州第一条铁路。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: His wife, years later, said that Theodore Judah took the job that took him to California because he wanted to have something to do with the Pacific Railroad.

温德尔·霍夫曼（Wendell Huffman），历史学家：多年后，他的妻子说，西奥多·犹大（Theodore Judah）接受了这份将他带到加利福尼亚州的工作，因为他想与太平洋铁路有一些关系。

I suspect every civil engineer in the United States, at the time, wanted to have something to do with the Pacific Railroad.

我怀疑当时美国的每一位土木工程师都想与太平洋铁路有一些关系。

David Bain, Writer: He really had what his wife liked to call "the Pacific Railroad bug." And there were some people in Sacramento who called him "crazy Judah" because he was such a mono-maniac about the railroad.

大卫·贝恩，作家：他确实有他妻子所说的“太平洋铁路癖”。萨克拉门托的一些人称他为“疯狂的犹大”，因为他对铁路是如此的单一狂热。

Narrator: Theodore Judah had passable engineering skills but a genius for friendly persuasion.

旁白：西奥多·犹大（Theodore Judah）的工程技能还算过得去，但却是友善说服的天才。

He could rhapsodize about 90-ton locomotives with driving wheels 14 feet in diameter, pulling freight and passengers across the plains at a hundred miles an hour.

他可以驾驶重达 90 吨、驱动轮直径为 14 英尺的机车，以每小时 100 英里的速度牵引货物和乘客穿越平原。

Judah also understood that before investors came on board they wanted to know what it would really cost to build the road through prairie, desert, and mountains, to grade and bridge and tunnel, and to lay nearly 2,000 miles of iron rail.

Judah 还明白，在投资者加入之前，他们想知道修建穿越草原、沙漠和山脉的道路、平整路面、桥梁和隧道以及铺设近 2,000 英里的铁轨的真正成本是多少。

But Judah simply didn't have the money to conduct the sort of survey that would answer those questions.

但犹大根本没有钱进行能够回答这些问题的调查。

So he went to Congress to try to get a few happy incentives for potential investors.

因此，他前往国会，试图为潜在投资者争取一些令人高兴的激励措施。

When Theodore Judah arrived in Washington in the fall of 1859, talk of slavery and secession was crowding out all other business in the nation's capitol.

1859 年秋天，当西奥多·犹达 (Theodore Judah) 抵达华盛顿时，有关奴隶制和分裂国家的讨论正在排挤美国国会大厦中的所有其他事务。

Still he pressed his case.

他仍然坚持自己的观点。

Even without a proper survey, Judah insisted a railroad could race across the plains, scale the Rockies and push easily through the Great Basin.

即使没有进行适当的勘察，犹大也坚持认为铁路可以穿越平原、翻越落基山脉并轻松穿过大盆地。

The biggest obstacle was the Sierra Nevada Mountains -- and he'd yet to find a way through.

最大的障碍是内华达山脉——而他还没有找到穿越的方法。

So in his earliest projections, Judah's railroad would skirt the range to the north.

因此，在他最早的预测中，犹大的铁路将绕过山脉向北延伸。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: In 1860, he's still thinking in terms of a railroad coming around the northern part of the state.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼 (Wendell Huffman)：1860 年，他仍在考虑修建一条环绕该州北部的铁路。

And up until that time, he had never been in the Sierra Nevada looking for railroads.

直到那时，他还从未在内华达山脉寻找铁路。

But in July of 1860, California is a different world than it was when he left the previous October.

但 1860 年 7 月，加州与他去年 10 月离开时相比已经是另一个世界了。

Everybody is trying to get to Virginia City, Nevada.

每个人都想前往内华达州弗吉尼亚市。

The Comstock was discovered in late 1859.

康斯托克号于 1859 年末被发现。

California had basically been in a depression for five years.

加州基本上已经陷入萧条五年了。

The gold rush had been over.

淘金热已经结束。

And suddenly there's silver just across the mountains.

突然之间，山那边就出现了银光。

And there's this huge rush from California to Virginia City.

从加利福尼亚州到弗吉尼亚城的人口激增。

And people are beginning to think that they could build a railroad to Virginia City.

人们开始认为他们可以修建一条通往弗吉尼亚城的铁路。

There's suddenly financial incentive to build directly into the Sierra.

突然间，人们有了直接在塞拉山脉建设的经济动力。

Narrator: In October of 1860, a local storekeeper named Daniel Strong invited Judah to have a look at a place where he thought a railroad could cross the Sierras.

旁白：1860 年 10 月，当地一位名叫丹尼尔·斯特朗 (Daniel Strong) 的店主邀请犹大去参观一个他认为可以修建铁路穿越塞拉斯山脉的地方。

If it worked, Strong knew, it was the straightest line to the Comstock Lode, and his little town of Dutch Flat would prosper.

斯特朗知道，如果这条路可行，那就是通往康斯托克矿脉的最直线路线，他的小镇荷兰弗拉特也会繁荣起来。

It was a difficult, two-day ride to the summit, but on top, when Judah looked east -- out along an immigrant trail largely abandoned after the Donner Party's ugly demise -- the engineer understood immediately what he saw.

这是一次艰难的两天旅程，但在山顶，当犹大向东看时——沿着唐纳党丑陋的灭亡后基本上被遗弃的移民小道——工程师立即明白了他所看到的一切。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: So many places in the Sierra Nevada, there's a double summit.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼：内华达山脉的很多地方都有双峰。

You come across the mountains and you drop down into a valley such as the valley where Lake Tahoe is.

你穿过山脉，然后掉进一个山谷，比如太浩湖所在的山谷。

And then on the other side, you got another mountain ridge that you have to cross.

然后在另一边，你又要跨越另一座山脊。

And at Donner, you've only got one Summit.

在唐纳，你只有一次峰会。

You come up the American River, you go down the Truckee River.

你沿着美国河上游，沿着特拉基河下游。

And by being on the ridge above the river, you have a nice continuous plain that you use as a ramp.

通过位于河流上方的山脊上，您将拥有一个漂亮的连续平原，可以用作坡道。

He knew that this was going to be a shortcut to Virginia City.

他知道这将是通往弗吉尼亚城的捷径。

This was going to make money.

这是要赚钱的。

Narrator: Judah and Strong drew up articles of incorporation for the Central Pacific Railroad Company and started looking for investors.

旁白：犹大和斯特朗起草了中央太平洋铁路公司的公司章程，并开始寻找投资者。

At a meeting in Sacramento, Judah managed to entice one very important Main Street businessman.

在萨克拉门托的一次会议上，犹大设法吸引了一位非常重要的大街商人。

Collis P.

科利斯·P.

Huntington was a hardware wholesaler known for his willingness to bury competition and for his shrewd business sense.

亨廷顿是一位硬件批发商，以愿意消除竞争和精明的商业头脑而闻名。

When Huntington said he was considering Judah's railroad proposition, other Sacramento merchants followed: Huntington's business partner, Mark Hopkins, dry-goods merchant Charles Crocker, and his brother, the attorney E.B.

当亨廷顿说他正在考虑犹大的铁路提案时，萨克拉门托的其他商人也纷纷效仿：亨廷顿的商业伙伴马克·霍普金斯、干货商人查尔斯·克罗克和他的兄弟、律师 E.B.

Crocker, and Leland Stanford, a wholesale grocer and would-be Governor.

克罗克和利兰斯坦福，一名批发杂货商和未来的州长。

Taken together, the five were worth less than $150,000; they were mistrustful of others and fiercely protective of their solid credit ratings.

这五人加起来的价值不到 15 万美元；他们不信任他人，并极力保护自己可靠的信用评级。

But with California's Gold Rush waning, and their revenues falling, this new project offered some hope.

但随着加州淘金热的减弱和收入的下降，这个新项目带来了一些希望。

Even if the Sacramento merchants failed to get a railroad through the Sierras, they could at least use Judah's engineering for a wagon road to Virginia City.

即使萨克拉门托商人未能修建一条穿越山脉的铁路，他们至少可以利用犹大的工程修建通往弗吉尼亚城的马车道路。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: Huntington was very practical.

温德尔·霍夫曼，历史学家：亨廷顿非常务实。

And he wanted to know: what's the return?

他想知道：回报是什么？

Hopkins didn't want any part of it.

霍普金斯不想参与其中的任何一部分。

He was saying, what are we doing getting involved in this railroad?

他说，我们参与这条铁路做什么？

We've already got a good thing going with this hardware business.

我们的硬件业务已经取得了不错的进展。

And so all they did initially was give Judah enough money to do a survey.

因此，他们最初所做的就是给犹大足够的钱来进行调查。

And following that survey, in October of 1861, Judah went back to Washington, D.C. This time with maps and with profile.

在那次调查之后，犹大于 1861 年 10 月返回华盛顿特区，这次带着地图和剖面图。

Narrator: In an office in the Capitol building, Judah unfurled a 60-foot long map and smaller profiles of his proposed line across the Sierras.

旁白：在国会大厦的一间办公室里，犹大展开了一张 60 英尺长的地图和他提议的横跨内华达山脉路线的较小剖面图。

When Representatives and Senators wandered in, the 35-year-old engineer was always there to explain his plan: It would take just over $12 million to build the line across California, he'd tell his visitors.

当众议员和参议员走进来时，这位 35 岁的工程师总是在那里解释他的计划：他会告诉来访者，修建横跨加州的这条线路将花费超过 1200 万美元。

He'd show them where the bridges and tunnels would go, the curves, the grades, the water tanks and depots.

他会向他们展示桥梁和隧道的走向、弯道、坡度、水箱和仓库。

David Bain, Writer: Looking at a map was one thing.

David Bain，作家：看地图是一回事。

But what Judah would have to face in reality was the 7,000-foot high Sierras with the terrible weather, the 30-foot snow drifts, the mud slides, the deep rock cuts that had to be done, the tunnels that had to be dug.

但犹大在现实中要面对的是7000英尺高的山脉和恶劣的天气、30英尺深的积雪、泥石流、必须进行的深层岩石切割、必须挖掘的隧道。

It was going to be a tremendous amount of work to actually get this dream across the mountains.

要真正实现这个翻山越岭的梦想，需要付出巨大的努力。

Narrator: In the Sierras, Judah's plans called for bridging rivers and ravines, carving 20-foot wide shelves out of sheer mountain faces and driving18 tunnels -- one more than a thousand feet long -- through solid granite.

旁白：在内华达山脉，犹大的计划要求架起河流和峡谷，在陡峭的山壁上凿出 20 英尺宽的架子，并在坚固的花岗岩中开凿 18 条隧道（其中一条超过 1000 英尺长）。

And there was not a manufacturer on the Pacific coast who could provide them locomotives or railroad cars, let alone drills, spikes, and rails.

太平洋沿岸没有一家制造商可以为他们提供机车或火车车厢，更不用说钻头、道钉和铁轨了。

Many in Congress shied at starting such a difficult and costly project as the Civil War raged.

内战愈演愈烈之际，国会中的许多人都不愿启动如此困难且耗资巨大的项目。

But President Abraham -- who had long championed a Pacific railroad -- was lobbying hard for the project.

但长期以来一直支持太平洋铁路建设的亚伯拉罕总统正在努力游说该项目。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: Lincoln had a problem.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：林肯有一个问题。

The federal union was falling apart.

联邦联盟正在分崩离析。

He was fighting a costly and bloody civil war to put the union together.

他为组建联邦而进行了一场代价高昂、血腥的内战。

And here we had three Pacific states -- California, Oregon 1859, Nevada 1863 -- three Pacific states that were a continent away.

这里我们有三个太平洋州——1859年的加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、1863年的内华达州——这三个太平洋州相隔一个大陆。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: It was essential for the conduct of the Civil War to have California money.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼：加州的资金对于内战的进行至关重要。

California had a fairly strong secessionist movement.

加利福尼亚州有相当强大的分离主义运动。

There was no way of guaranteeing that California would remain in the Union.

无法保证加利福尼亚州继续留在联邦中。

That railroad is essential to keep the two coasts together.

这条铁路对于保持两个海岸相连至关重要。

Narrator: On July 1, 1862, President Lincoln signed a bill that gave Judah's own Central Pacific the right to build from Sacramento east and chartered a second company -- the Union Pacific -- to build from the Missouri River west.

旁白：1862 年 7 月 1 日，林肯总统签署了一项法案，赋予犹大自己的中央太平洋公司从萨克拉门托以东进行建设的权利，并特许第二家公司——联合太平洋公司从密苏里河以西进行建设。

The legislation did not specify a meeting point for the two roads, but it did grant the railroad builders 6,400 acres of land for every mile of track laid, and as much as $48,000 in government bonds for each mile completed.

该立法没有指定两条公路的交汇点，但确实为铁路建设者每铺设一英里的铁轨授予 6,400 英亩的土地，并为每完成一英里授予高达 48,000 美元的政府债券。

There were strings, of course, and enough of them to hang both companies.

当然，还有绳索，而且这些绳索足以绞死两家公司。

The government would withhold nearly 20 percent of the bonds until the entire line was in working order, and it would not release a single dime to either company until it had built 40 miles of working railroad.

政府将扣留近 20% 的债券，直到整条线路恢复正常运行，并且在建成 40 英里的铁路运营之前，不会向任何一家公司发放一分钱。

If the road was not completed between the Missouri and Sacramento Rivers within a dozen years, all railroad company assets would be forfeited.

如果密苏里河和萨克拉门托河之间的公路在十几年内没有完工，所有铁路公司的资产都将被没收。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: When Theodore Judah returned with a franchise to build a Pacific Railroad, I think his partners -- and at that time they were all equal partners in this corporation -- I think they were a little bit surprised.

温德尔·霍夫曼，历史学家：当西奥多·犹大带着建造太平洋铁路的特许经营权回来时，我认为他的合作伙伴——当时他们都是这家公司的平等合作伙伴——我认为他们有点惊讶。

And realized that it was time that they had to put up or shut up.

并意识到是时候他们必须忍受或闭嘴了。

Narrator: On the morning of January 8, 1863 -- with Judah notably absent -- the Central Pacific began work with great fanfare.

旁白：1863 年 1 月 8 日早上，犹大明显缺席，中央太平洋号大张旗鼓地开始工作。

In downtown Sacramento, where the railroad grade began, thousands of people watched California's new Governor, Leland Stanford, throw the first shovel full of dirt.

在铁路等级开始的萨克拉门托市中心，数千人观看了加州新任州长利兰·斯坦福扔出第一把装满泥土的铲子。

From the bunting-fronted grandstand, dignitaries heralded the coming of "a mighty tide of wealth such as mankind has never realized before."

在挂满彩旗的看台上，政要们预示着“人类从未意识到的巨大财富浪潮”的到来。

When the party broke up, the CP partners found themselves alone.

当聚会解散时，CP伙伴们发现自己孤身一人。

Few others were willing to invest in such a dicey project.

很少有人愿意投资这样一个冒险的项目。

When they began issuing contracts to local construction firms, it proved a mess.

当他们开始向当地建筑公司签订合同时，情况证明是一团糟。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: They discovered that the contractors were bidding against each other for the fairly limited labor market.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼：他们发现承包商在相当有限的劳动力市场上相互竞价。

And, they weren't getting the job done.

而且，他们没有完成工作。

And so it seemed to them that a better way to do it was to, for one of them to go out and just have one contract.

因此，在他们看来，更好的方法是让其中一人出去签订一份合同。

And supervise and coordinate all of the construction effort.

并监督和协调所有的施工工作。

And for whatever reason, Charles Crocker was the man that became the contractor initially.

不管出于什么原因，查尔斯·克罗克（Charles Crocker）最初成为了承包商。

And, Theodore Judah was uncomfortable with that.

而且，西奥多·犹大对此感到不舒服。

David Bain, Writer: He just did not trust Crocker.

大卫·贝恩，作家：他只是不信任克罗克。

He didn't trust the idea.

他不相信这个想法。

He was afraid that these men were going to try to bleed the railroad dry.

他担心这些人会试图榨干铁路的血。

He wasn't convinced that they were really serious about doing it.

他不相信他们真的认真地这样做。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: Judah didn't have a good working relationship after the start with the big four.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：犹大在与四大公司合作后并没有建立良好的工作关系。

And they really took the reins in their hands after they could see there was feasible civil engineering ways of going through, through the mountains.

当他们看到有可行的土木工程方法可以穿越山脉时，他们才真正掌握了控制权。

And, that's what they did.

而且，他们就是这么做的。

They left Judah by the wayside.

他们把犹大抛在了一边。

Narrator: Even as their crews were grading along Judah's line, the Sacramento shopkeepers were slow in paying their chief engineer.

旁白：即使他们的工作人员沿着犹大线进行平整，萨克拉门托的店主们却迟迟没有支付他们的总工程师的工资。

They cancelled contracts Judah had made with iron makers in the East, even questioned his lines of survey.

他们取消了犹大与东方钢铁制造商签订的合同，甚至质疑他的勘测路线。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: In the summer of 1863, there's a showdown.

温德尔·霍夫曼（Wendell Huffman），历史学家：1863 年夏天，一场摊牌发生了。

And they basically tell Judah either you buy us out or we'll buy you out.

他们基本上告诉犹大，要么你买断我们的股份，要么我们买断你的股份。

But there was absolutely no way they were going to go down the same path together from that point on.

但从那时起，他们绝对不可能一起走同一条路。

Officially, Judah was still carried as chief engineer of the Central Pacific Railroad, but Judah sailed east, for the East Coast in the fall of 1863.

按官方规定，犹大仍然担任中央太平洋铁路的总工程师，但犹大于 1863 年秋天向东航行，前往东海岸。

He had seen grade built.

他亲眼目睹了成绩的建立。

He had seen a bridge built at Sacramento.

他看到了萨克拉门托建造的一座桥。

He had not seen any rail laid.

他没有看到任何铁轨铺设。

He had not seen any locomotives.

他没有看到任何机车。

He had not seen any part of the railroad.

他没有看到铁路的任何部分。

Judah is heading to New York.

犹大正前往纽约。

We know that he's looking for partners there to help him buy out these guys in California that he's not getting along with.

我们知道他正在那里寻找合作伙伴来帮助他收购加州那些与他相处不融洽的人。

David Bain, Writer: Judah was really convinced that he could find some backers in the East.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：犹大确实相信他可以在东方找到一些支持者。

He maybe even had them lined up.

他甚至可能让他们排成一排。

So he and his wife got on the boat and headed down to Panama, crossed Panama and got on another boat heading for New York.

于是，他和妻子上了船，南下巴拿马，越过巴拿马，登上另一艘船，前往纽约。

And we will never know who those secret partners might have been because Judah contracted either typhoid or yellow fever along the way.

我们永远不会知道那些秘密伙伴可能是谁，因为犹大一路上感染了伤寒或黄热病。

Narrator: When Judah's ship docked in Manhattan, the 37-year-old engineer was carried off the boat on a litter and deposited in a sickbed in the Metropolitan Hotel.

旁白：当犹大的船停靠在曼哈顿时，这位37岁的工程师被担架抬下船，放在大都会酒店的病床上。

On October 26, 1863, while Judah lay a continent away, the first rails of the Central Pacific were spiked to their ties.

1863 年 10 月 26 日，当犹大远在一个大陆之外时，中太平洋的第一条铁路就被钉在了他们的枕木上。

Before the news of the event reached him, Theodore Judah was dead.

在西奥多·犹达得知这一消息之前，他已经去世了。

The 1862 Railroad Act did not specify a starting point in the East.

1862 年铁路法没有指定东部的起点。

Railroads had already been built out past the Mississippi River, so the jumping off point for the new road would be somewhere along the Missouri.

密西西比河沿岸的铁路已经建成，因此新公路的起点将是密苏里河沿岸的某个地方。

But again, Congress could not agree.

但国会再次未能同意。

The burden of decision, like so many other burdens, fell on the stooped shoulders of President Abraham Lincoln.

像许多其他负担一样，决策的重担落在了亚伯拉罕·林肯总统弯下的肩膀上。

In November of 1863, two days before he gave the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln puzzled over the maps and financial affidavits provided him by the Union Pacific company.

1863 年 11 月，即发表葛底斯堡演说的前两天，林肯对联合太平洋公司向他提供的地图和财务宣誓书感到困惑。

Lincoln knew the 450 miles across Nebraska's Platte River Valley offered a cheap and easy start.

林肯知道，横跨内布拉斯加州普拉特河谷 450 英里的路程提供了一个廉价且轻松的起点。

He also knew he had political favors to repay.

他也知道他有政治恩惠需要回报。

So he chose as the eastern terminus Council Bluffs, Iowa.

因此他选择爱荷华州康瑟尔布拉夫斯作为东部终点站。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: He was nominated in 1860 on the third ballot.

Stanley Hirshson，历史学家：他于 1860 年在第三次投票中被提名。

Seward had been leading on the first ballot.

苏厄德在第一轮投票中一直领先。

And his managers made all kinds of deals.

他的经理们达成了各种各样的交易。

And, the bulk of the Iowa delegates at the Republican National Convention switched over to Lincoln and he really owed them something after the 1860 election.

而且，在共和党全国代表大会上，爱荷华州的大部分代表都转向了林肯，1860 年大选后，他确实欠了他们一些东西。

And this was kind of a pay-off to Iowa.

这对爱荷华州来说是一种回报。

Narrator: This was happy news for Thomas Clark Durant.

旁白：这对托马斯·克拉克·杜兰特来说是个好消息。

The vice president of the new Union Pacific Railroad Company was heavily invested in real estate just across the river, in Omaha, Nebraska.

新成立的联合太平洋铁路公司的副总裁在河对岸内布拉斯加州奥马哈的房地产上投入了大量资金。

That real estate would be much more valuable if the railroad west began there.

如果西部铁路从那里开始，那么该房地产将会更有价值。

So the real terminus, as far as Durant was concerned, would be Omaha.

所以对于杜兰特来说，真正的终点站是奥马哈。

Thomas C.

托马斯·C.

Durant had begun his professional career as a doctor of ophthalmology but found the world of business a more invigorating occupation for a man of his thrusting personality.

杜兰特的职业生涯始于一名眼科医生，但他发现商业世界对于他这种性格急躁的人来说是一个更充满活力的职业。

He was a restless, energetic man who loved making money and knew how to do it.

他是一个焦躁不安、精力充沛的人，喜欢赚钱并且知道如何赚钱。

In fact, throughout his life, Durant showed a remarkable integrity of purpose.

事实上，在杜兰特的一生中，他表现出了非凡的正直的目标。

The Civil War, he discovered, was a bang-up way to cash in on contraband cotton.

他发现，内战是一种利用走私棉花赚钱的好方法。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: Durant comes across to me as a scoundrel.

温德尔·霍夫曼，历史学家：杜兰特给我的印象是一个恶棍。

He's like someone that would bet on the other team.

他就像一个会押注于另一支球队的人。

He would manipulate the market against his own company just for his own personal fortune.

他会为了自己的个人财富而操纵市场来反对自己的公司。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: He was a tremendous stock manipulator.

历史学家斯坦利·赫什森：他是一位巨大的股票操纵者。

In one episode he made $5 million in one week pushing the stock of one railroad down and the stock of another railroad up and then going back into the original stock.

在一集中，他在一周内赚了 500 万美元，推动一家铁路公司的股票下跌，另一家铁路公司的股票上涨，然后又回到原来的股票。

David Bain, Writer: Durant had seen railroads being built across Michigan and into Illinois.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：杜兰特亲眼目睹了横跨密歇根州和伊利诺伊州的铁路建设。

He knew that there was a lot of money to be made.

他知道可以赚很多钱。

But usually it was along the side.

但通常它是在旁边。

His whole life with the Union Pacific-- he really-- I don't think cared whether it actually got finished.

他在联合太平洋公司度过了一生——他真的——我认为他并不关心它是否真的完成了。

He just wanted to make as much money along the side as he could.

他只是想尽可能多地赚点钱。

And the people who worked under him knew that.

在他手下工作的人都知道这一点。

Narrator: Durant's earlier railroad projects were small potatoes compared to the Union Pacific.

旁白：与联合太平洋公司相比，杜兰特早期的铁路项目微不足道。

This new road was the biggest single government-funded construction project ever, and the 43-year-old Durant wasn't going to miss out.

这条新道路是有史以来最大的政府资助的单一建设项目，43 岁的杜兰特不会错过。

He managed -- illegally -- to get control of $2.2 million worth of shares in the Union Pacific, installed his own straw man as president, and took charge of the company.

他非法地控制了联合太平洋公司价值 220 万美元的股票，任命自己的稻草人为总裁，并负责该公司。

In 1864, in hopes of getting extra government aid, the Doctor distributed $435,000 in cash and a quarter million dollars in bonds among legislators, their proxies, friends, and relatives.

1864 年，为了获得额外的政府援助，博士向立法者、他们的代理人、朋友和亲戚分发了 435,000 美元的现金和 25 万美元的债券。

"If you think it safe," Congressman Lorenzo Di Medici Sweat wrote to Durant, "please let me into some purchase of stock will you...

“如果你认为安全，”国会议员洛伦佐·迪·梅迪奇·斯威特写信给杜兰特，“请让我购买一些股票，你愿意吗......

I will give my personal attention to your interests here." The Honorable Sweat and his colleagues passed a revised railroad bill in the summer of 1864.

我会亲自关注您在这里的兴趣。” 1864 年夏天，斯威特阁下和他的同事通过了修订后的铁路法案。

The new act doubled the land grants, permitted the UP and the CP to borrow money in advance of the line built and ceded to the railroad companies all coal, iron and precious minerals found on the granted lands.

新法案将土地授予额增加了一倍，允许联合党和共产党在线路修建之前借钱，并将在授予土地上发现的所有煤炭、铁和贵重矿产割让给铁路公司。

With these new enticements in place, Durant set up a separate corporation: a top secret entity called Credit Mobilier.

有了这些新的诱惑，杜兰特成立了一家独立的公司：一个名为移动信贷银行的绝密实体。

Only a few of Durant's special friends were offered stock in the new company.

只有杜兰特的少数​​特殊朋友获得了新公司的股票。

David Bain, Writer: The Credit Mobilier was almost a revolutionary business practice at the time.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：移动信贷银行在当时几乎是一种革命性的商业实践。

It was the idea of a railroad company being able to borrow money on the land that they didn't even own yet but would if they actually built the railroad.

这个想法是，铁路公司能够在他们尚未拥有的土地上借钱，但如果他们真的建造了铁路，他们就会借钱。

That was the first principal.

那是第一任校长。

The second principal though was the real center of energy for it, and that was the notion of limited liability.

第二个原则是它真正的能量中心，那就是有限责任的概念。

Up until then, anybody investing in a company, if the company got into trouble, that person would be liable for not only what they had in the company, but their own personal fortunes, their own houses, their own property.

在此之前，任何人投资一家公司，如果公司陷入困境，那个人不仅要对自己在公司拥有的财产负责，还要对自己的个人财产、自己的房子、自己的财产负责。

But with this new idea, if a company got into trouble, the investor would only lose his investment.

但有了这个新想法，如果一家公司陷入困境，投资者只会损失他的投资。

And this was a kind of an insulation that had never been practiced in business before.

这是一种以前从未在商业上实践过的隔离措施。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: The Credit Mobilier was really formed by the directors of the Union Pacific to do the construction.

历史学家斯坦利·赫什森（Stanley Hirshson）：移动信贷银行实际上是由联合太平洋银行的董事组建来进行建设的。

Now, originally, Durant gave the contract to an associate named Herbert Hoxie.

现在，杜兰特最初将合同交给了一位名叫赫伯特·霍克西的同事。

What Hoxie did was hold the contract for a short period of time, sell it to Durant for $10,000 so the Credit Mobilier would build the road and then charge the Union Pacific.

Hoxie 所做的就是短期持有合同，以 10,000 美元的价格将其卖给杜兰特，这样移动信贷银行就可以修建道路，然后向联合太平洋公司收费。

In effect, Durant was paying himself for building the railroad.

实际上，杜兰特为自己支付了修建铁路的费用。

The Hoxie contract called for building the railroad up the Platte Valley at $50,000 per mile.

Hoxie 合同要求以每英里 50,000 美元的价格在普拉特谷修建铁路。

Peter Dey was the chief engineer and he made the statement that anybody who charged $50,000 for a railroad down the Platte Valley was nothing but a thief.

彼得·戴伊 (Peter Dey) 是总工程师，他声称，任何花 5 万美元修建普拉特河谷铁路的人都是小偷。

Narrator: The contract was worth $12.5 million for building the first 247 miles of the Union Pacific Railroad.

旁白：这份合同价值 1250 万美元，用于建设联合太平洋铁路的前 247 英里。

Peter Dey figured it would cost half that.

彼得·戴伊 (Peter Dey) 认为这将花费一半的费用。

The rest was pure profit.

剩下的就是纯利润。

But the Doctor knew nobody was really watching; Congressional oversight was virtually nonexistent.

但博士知道没有人真正在看；他知道。国会的监督几乎不存在。

So Durant's next move was the boldest yet.

所以杜兰特的下一步行动是迄今为止最大胆的。

David Bain, Writer: They were being paid by the mile, so why not make the line longer?

作家戴维·贝恩（David Bain）：他们是按里程付费的，那为什么不把队伍拉长一点呢？

So what he did was he took a perfectly good railroad survey and he lengthened it with this tremendous ox-bow shaped route that went out in a different direction from Omaha and added about a half million dollars to Durant's pocket in the bargain.

所以他所做的就是进行了一次完美的铁路勘测，并用这条巨大的牛弓形路线延长了它，这条路线与奥马哈的方向不同，并在交易中为杜兰特的口袋增加了大约50万美元。

Narrator: Peter Dey resigned in protest, but it didn't much matter.

旁白：彼得·戴伊辞职以示抗议，但这并不重要。

More than two years after Congress had chartered the company, the Union Pacific was little more than a paper railroad.

在国会授予联合太平洋公司两年多的特许权后，联合太平洋公司只不过是一条纸上的铁路。

When the Civil War came to an end in March of 1865, the UP had not spiked a single length of track.

1865 年 3 月内战结束时，UP 还没有修筑任何一段跑道。

When the railroad's great champion Abraham Lincoln was assassinated a month later, the company still had not laid any iron.

一个月后，当伟大的铁路拥护者亚伯拉罕·林肯遇刺时，该公司仍然没有铺设任何铁路。

And on Independence Day, 1865, still nothing.

1865 年独立日，仍然一无所获。

Many in Congress were wondering if they should simply cut losses and withdraw support from the Union Pacific Railroad.

国会中的许多人想知道他们是否应该简单地减少损失并撤回对联合太平洋铁路的支持。

Thomas C.

托马斯·C.

Durant had good instincts for self-preservation, and he understood it was now in his interest to start building a railroad.

杜兰特有良好的自我保护本能，他明白现在开始修建铁路符合他的利益。

Suddenly, he cared about nothing else.

突然间，他什么都不关心了。

David Bain, Writer: He just sent a veritable blizzard of telegrams out to the poor people who were working for him out on the line saying, "Hurry up, hurry up, we're far behind our time.

大卫·贝恩，作家：他刚刚给那些在电话里为他工作的穷人发出了名副其实的暴风雪般的电报，说：“快点，快点，我们远远落后于我们的时代了。

What are you doing wrong?

你做错了什么？

I can replace you very easily.

我可以很容易地取代你。

I want more work out of you.

我希望你能做更多的工作。

I will not accept no for an answer and I will not accept failure."

我不会接受“不”的答案，也不会接受失败。”

Narrator: Day after day, Durant wired his crew-bosses in Nebraska: "Do you or do you not want more men to lay 60 miles this fall, if so what kind?

旁白：日复一日，杜兰特给他在内布拉斯加州的船员老板发电报：“你是否希望今年秋天有更多的人跑 60 英里，如果是的话，是什么样的？

...If men are not fed well and made comfortable they will not stay -- see to this....

……如果男人吃得不好，住得不舒服，他们就不会留下来——注意这一点……

What is the matter that you can't lay track faster."

你不能更快地追踪有什么问题吗？”

For the Central Pacific, the earliest work -- nearest Sacramento -- had proved the least difficult.

对于中太平洋地区来说，最早的工程——最近的萨克拉门托——被证明是最不困难的。

By the spring of 1865, the company had received more than $2 million worth of federal and state bonds for track built -- and had revenues in both passenger and freight service for the 31 miles between Sacramento and Newcastle.

到 1865 年春天，该公司已收到价值超过 200 万美元的用于修建轨道的联邦和州债券，并在萨克拉门托和纽卡斯尔之间 31 英里的客运和货运服务中获得收入。

Collis Huntington had moved to New York, where he could arrange for shipments of iron and raise East-coast money.

科利斯·亨廷顿搬到了纽约，在那里他可以安排铁的运输并筹集东海岸的资金。

Charlie Crocker had found a construction boss: the profane, hard-driving James Harvey Strobridge, who could run the mostly Irish immigrant crews.

查理·克罗克（Charlie Crocker）找到了一位建筑老板：粗鲁、勤奋的詹姆斯·哈维·斯特罗布里奇（James Harvey Strobridge），他可以管理大部分是爱尔兰移民的团队。

But Strobridge had constant problems finding dependable men to fill grading and track-laying crews; California still had a small population; and most laborers preferred work nearer the comfort of town, or out in the gold fields.

但斯特罗布里奇在寻找可靠的人员来填补平整和铺轨人员方面一直存在问题。加利福尼亚州的人口仍然很少；大多数劳动者更喜欢在舒适的城镇附近或金矿区工作。

David Bain, Writer: They put out handbills all over northern California advertising they needed 5,000 workers immediately for good pay.

David Bain，作家：他们在北加州各地张贴传单，宣传他们立即需要 5,000 名工人以获得高薪。

They advertised for 5,000 and 200 showed up, and they were absolutely desperate.

他们广告上标价 5000 美元，结果 200 美元出现了，他们彻底绝望了。

They finally had the money.

他们终于有钱了。

Money was burning a hole in their pockets, and what were they going to do?

他们的口袋里的钱已经烧破了，他们该怎么办？

Charlie Crocker suggested to their labor boss, James Harvey Strobridge, "Let's try some of the Chinese from down in the Valley and see if they work out." And Strobridge didn't like this idea.

查理·克罗克（Charlie Crocker）向他们的劳工老板詹姆斯·哈维·斯特罗布里奇（James Harvey Strobridge）建议：“让我们尝试一些来自硅谷的中国人，看看他们是否有效。”斯特罗布里奇不喜欢这个主意。

He said, "They can't be good workers.

他说：“他们不可能成为好工人。

They're too weak.

他们太弱了。

They're too insubstantial."

他们太虚幻了。”

Sue Fawn Chung, Historian: Strobridge did not feel that the Chinese were physically able to do the kind of heavy labor that was required, especially in the Sierra Nevadas, the rocks, the granite, you know, the moving of this massive material.

苏·方·钟（Sue Fawn Chung），历史学家：斯特罗布里奇认为，中国人的体力不足以完成所需的繁重劳动，尤其是在内华达山脉，岩石、花岗岩，你知道，移动这种巨大的材料。

And, Charles Crocker said, "No, no, they can do it.

查尔斯·克罗克说：“不，不，他们能做到。

They built the Great Wall.

他们修筑了长城。

They can do it."

他们能做到。”

David Bain, Writer: Crocker persuaded him to try 50 and the 50 worked out.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：克罗克说服他尝试 50 个，结果 50 个成功了。

So they tried another 50.

于是他们又尝试了 50 个。

And those 50 worked out.

这 50 个人都成功了。

So then they hired another 100 and slowly but surely, the labor force built up.

于是他们又雇佣了 100 名员工，劳动力队伍缓慢但稳定地增加了。

Frank Chin: They especially recruited the Chinese.

Frank Chin：他们特别招募中国人。

They sent out circulars saying, you know, good jobs on the railroad, and it attracted us.

他们发出传单说，你知道，铁路工作很好，这吸引了我们。

We needed the money.

我们需要钱。

Narrator: In the Kwangtung province of China, decades of flood, famine, war, and depression had left much of the population without a decent living.

旁白：在中国广东省，几十年的洪水、饥荒、战争和萧条使许多人没有体面的生活。

Many men left home for railroad jobs in America to support their families; others left simply to make a new life in a new land.

许多男人离开家乡去美国从事铁路工作以养家糊口。其他人离开只是为了在新的土地上开始新的生活。

Frank Chin: I don't think they saw the West as a white country.

Frank Chin：我不认为他们将西方视为白人国家。

They saw it as a country, just a country for anybody.

他们将其视为一个国家，一个适合任何人的国家。

And the Chinese wanted a piece.

中国人想要一块。

They were willing to work for it.

他们愿意为此付出努力。

But they wanted a piece for themselves, a piece for the families.

但他们想要一件属于自己、属于家人的作品。

David Bain, Writer: They were certainly harder workers and more conscientious.

作家戴维·贝恩（David Bain）：他们确实工作更努力，也更认真。

They didn't get drunk every night and have fights.

他们并没有每晚喝醉酒，打架。

But one of the most interesting things that I think kept them going was just the question of diet.

但我认为让他们坚持下去的最有趣的事情之一就是饮食问题。

If you went to the Irish camps, you would find them eating boiled beef and boiled beans and drinking boiled coffee.

如果你去爱尔兰难民营，你会发现他们吃煮牛肉和煮豆子，喝煮咖啡。

And if you went over to the Chinese, you'd begin to smell the fertile aromas of garlic and cuttlefish and stir fried pork.

如果你走到中国人那里，你就会开始闻到大蒜、墨鱼和炒猪肉的浓郁香味。

When they drank, they didn't drink from ditches.

他们喝酒的时候，不是从沟渠里喝的。

They drank boiled tea.

他们喝了煮茶。

And they also didn't come down with dysentery the way that the Irish workers did because of this boiled tea.

他们也没有像爱尔兰工人那样因为这种煮茶而患上痢疾。

Sue Fawn Chung, Historian: It was at least better than working in China where there was very little food and famine and starvation going on.

Sue Fawn Chung，历史学家：这至少比在中国工作要好，那里食物很少，而且正在发生饥荒。

A Sunday meal for the railroad workers was an elaborate banquet in their eyes.

周日，铁路工人的一顿饭在他们眼里就是一场精心准备的宴会。

They would have imported foods from China that they were familiar with: oysters, dried meat.

他们会从中国进口他们熟悉的食物：牡蛎、肉干。

They would have pork, and chicken and abalone.

他们会吃猪肉、鸡肉和鲍鱼。

This was really a magnificent meal.

这真是一顿美餐。

Narrator: By the turn of 1866, the Central Pacific had 6,000 Chinese immigrants on the payroll, from ages 13 to 60.

旁白：到 1866 年底，中太平洋地区有 6,000 名中国移民，年龄从 13 岁到 60 岁不等。

As much as 80 percent of the CP work force was Chinese.

CP 劳动力中多达 80% 是中国人。

For $30 a month -- less board -- the men worked six days a week, 10 to 12 hours a day, chopping down trees, blasting out cuts or shoveling in huge fills to even the grade.

每月 30 美元——不包括伙食费——这些工人们每周工作六天，每天工作 10 至 12 小时，砍伐树木、爆破切口或铲入大量填料以平整地面。

At the imposing Cape Horn, rising above the town of Colfax, they had to make a ledge where track could be run 1,300 feet above the valley floor.

在科尔法克斯镇上方雄伟的合恩角，他们必须建造一个壁架，以便在距谷底 1,300 英尺的地方铺设轨道。

David Bain, Writer: The only way to get the railroad line across was to start slow, to carve out a narrow shelf just wide enough for a man to walk.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：穿越铁路线的唯一方法就是慢慢开始，挖出一个狭窄的架子，宽度只够一个人行走。

Then, over time, it could be enlarged until they could get entire crews out to chisel away the cliff face.

然后，随着时间的推移，它可以扩大，直到他们可以让整个工作人员出去凿掉悬崖面。

Frank Chin: They had to cut a very hard rock.

Frank Chin：他们必须切割一块非常坚硬的岩石。

It had to be cut by hand.

它必须手工切割。

Tediously, cut by hand.

繁琐，手工切割。

It's hard, back-breaking, dangerous work.

这是一项艰苦、费力、危险的工作。

David Bain, Writer: They lowered them by ropes, probably looping them around trees a couple of times up on the top and they would drill in a foot into this cliff face and then they would fill it with black power and attach a fuse and light it and then scramble up those ropes as quickly as they could.

大卫·贝恩，作家：他们用绳子把它们放下来，可能在树顶上绕树几圈，然后他们会在悬崖表面钻一英尺，然后他们会用黑色能量填充它，装上保险丝并点燃它，然后尽快爬上这些绳子。

Narrator: By mid-summer 1866, track-laying crews were pushing out beyond Colfax, 55 miles east of Sacramento, laying 350 iron rails, 2500 wooden ties, and 10,000 spikes every mile.

旁白：到 1866 年仲夏，铺轨人员已向萨克拉门托以东 55 英里处的科尔法克斯推进，每英里铺设 350 根铁轨、2500 条木枕木和 10,000 个道钉。

And that was the easy labor.

这就是轻松的劳动。

Grading remained the balkiest work.

评分仍然是最困难的工作。

Up to 500 kegs of black powder a day were spent blasting through cuts.

每天要使用多达 500 桶黑火药来爆破切口。

Deep ravines had to be bridged by wooden trestles or dirt fill.

深谷必须用木栈桥或填土来桥接。

As the crews pushed farther up the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, shale, sandstone, and cemented gravel began to give way to granite -- and the big question loomed: could those mountains be bested?

随着工作人员进一步向内华达山脉西坡推进，页岩、砂岩和胶结砾石开始让位给花岗岩——一个大问题浮现出来：这些山脉能否被击败？

Out on the Great Plains, Thomas C.

在大平原上，托马斯·C.

Durant was still in a swivet.

杜兰特仍然戴着帽子。

The Union Pacific had completed only 40 miles of railroad in 1865, and they were the easiest 40 on the line.

联合太平洋公司在 1865 年只完成了 40 英里的铁路，而且是该线路上最简单的 40 英里铁路。

But as the company geared up for the 1866 work season, there was no shortage of labor.

但随着公司为 1866 年的工作季节做准备，劳动力并不短缺。

Tens of thousands of Civil War veterans had landed out of work, roaming the country, anxious to get as far as possible from the scenes of horror they'd witnessed.

数以万计的内战老兵失业，在全国各地流浪，渴望尽可能远离他们亲眼目睹的恐怖场景。

Durant hired as his new chief engineer General Grenville M.

杜兰特聘请格伦维尔·M·将军 (General Grenville M.

Dodge.

闪避。

Dodge had been a commander for the Union Army in Tennessee and Georgia, and then on the Great Plains.

道奇曾担任田纳西州和佐治亚州以及大平原地区联邦军队的指挥官。

He was a confidante of the two most important military men in the country: Generals Ulysses S.

他是该国两位最重要的军人的密友：尤利西斯·S·将军 (Generals Ulysses S.

Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman.

格兰特和威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼。

And he had already proved a useful agent to Durant.

他已经证明了对杜兰特来说是一个有用的经纪人。

As a Union officer, Dodge had provided the Doctor classified intelligence to aid his contraband cotton operation.

作为一名联邦官员，道奇向博士提供了机密情报以帮助他的走私棉花行动。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: Dodge was probably as good a chief engineer -- that is surveyor locating routes -- he was as good as Peter Dey.

史丹利·赫什森（Stanley Hirshson），历史学家：道奇可能是一位出色的总工程师——也就是测量路线的测量员——他和彼得·戴伊（Peter Dey）一样出色。

But he was nowhere near as honest.

但他远没有那么诚实。

He was imbued with this overwhelming desire to make money.

他对赚钱充满了强烈的渴望。

Narrator: The other man Durant sought that winter was a former Union Army cavalry officer named Jack Casement.

旁白：杜兰特那个冬天寻找的另一个人是一位前联邦军骑兵军官，名叫杰克·凯斯门特。

Jack and his brother Dan had a reputation in railroad construction.

杰克和他的兄弟丹在铁路建设方面享有盛誉。

On the Philadelphia and Erie, before the war, Casement crews had once laid three miles of track in a single day.

战前，凯门特号的工作人员曾在费城号和伊利号上一天铺设了三英里的轨道。

But when Durant pushed him to take the track-laying contract, Jack said he'd have to check with Mrs. Casement.

但当杜兰特敦促他接受铺轨合同时，杰克说他必须与凯斯门特夫人核实。

He lived in a democratic household, he said, and generally his wife outvoted him.

他说，他生活在一个民主家庭，一般来说，他妻子的投票率高于他。

In fact, Frances "Frank" Casement was in a fragile state.

事实上，弗朗西斯·“弗兰克”·凯斯门特正处于脆弱的状态。

Work and war had kept her husband away from their Painesville, Ohio, home nearly five of their seven years of marriage.

在他们七年的婚姻中，有近五年的时间，工作和战争让她的丈夫远离了俄亥俄州佩恩斯维尔的家。

And just weeks before Jack's new job offer, the Casement's four-year-old son, Charlie, had died of scarlet fever.

就在杰克接受新工作的几周前，凯门特一家四岁的儿子查理死于猩红热。

But like Dodge, Jack Casement was a man in a hurry, convinced misfortune could be outrun, and fortune could be run down.

但和道奇一样，杰克·凯斯门特也是个急于求成的人，他坚信不幸可以逃脱，财富也可以被耗尽。

Casement spent the winter in Omaha overseeing construction of boxcars specially outfitted to serve as dormitories-on-wheels for his track-laying crews, waiting for the spring thaw so supplies and iron could be shipped up the Missouri River to UP warehouses, and trying mightily to hold to the temperance pledge he'd given his wife, who remained home in Ohio.

凯斯门特整个冬天都在奥马哈监督棚车的建造，这些棚车专门为他的铺轨人员提供轮子宿舍，等待春天解冻，以便物资和钢铁可以沿着密苏里河运到联合公司的仓库，并努力履行他向仍在俄亥俄州家中的妻子做出的禁酒承诺。

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: My Dear Husband, When I go to bed here all alone I think so much about Charlie and I see his little pale face while he lay sick, then his little body as he lay in his coffin and then that little mound of earth.

声音，读着凯门特夫人的信：我亲爱的丈夫，当我独自一人上床睡觉时，我非常想念查理，我看到他生病时苍白的小脸，然后是他躺在棺材里的小身体，然后是那个小土堆。

I have never missed Charlie so much since he died as I have since you left me.

自从查理去世后，我从未像你离开我后那样如此想念他。

I love you dearly and it is so hard for me to live away from you.

我深深地爱着你，离开你我很难生活。

Your Wife, Frank.

你的妻子，弗兰克。

Voice, reading letter from Jack Casement: My Dear Wife, I am first rate but impatient to have the ice go out of the river.

声音，读着杰克·凯斯门特的信：我亲爱的妻子，我是一流的，但迫不及待地想让河里的冰消失。

It is mighty lonesome here and I am impatient to get to work.

这里非常孤独，我迫不及待地想上班。

I want to see the thing start before I leave here.

我想在离开这里之前看到事情开始。

Just as soon as I get a bar laid I mean to travel home for my true love.

一旦我拿到了酒吧，我就打算回家寻找我的真爱。

I love you more than all the world besides.

我爱你胜过爱全世界。

Write to me often.

经常给我写信。

God Bless you and Keep you happy.

上帝保佑你并让你快乐。

Jack.

杰克。

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: My Dear Husband, How many lonesome Sundays I have had in the past five years and I suppose I must expect more if I live.

声音，读着凯门特夫人的来信：我亲爱的丈夫，在过去的五年里我度过了多少个孤独的周日，我想如果我还活着，我必须期待更多。

This cold weather does not look much like opening up the river, does it?

这寒冷的天气，看起来不太像开河吧？

I am trying to be patient, but it is rather hard.

我试图保持耐心，但这相当困难。

Goodnight dearest.

晚安亲爱的。

Your wife, Frank.

你的妻子，弗兰克。

Voice, reading letter from Jack Casement: My dear wife, The river is beginning to rise.

声音，读着杰克·凯斯门特的信：我亲爱的妻子，河水开始上涨。

I have been working with a few men grading and putting in a side track.

我一直在和几个人一起工作，进行分级和安装副轨。

We will commence track-laying next Monday.

我们将于下周一开始铺轨。

God Bless you and Keep you happy.

上帝保佑你并让你快乐。

Jack.

杰克。

Narrator: The flat Nebraska prairie presented little difficulty for UP crews.

旁白：平坦的内布拉斯加州大草原对 UP 工作人员来说并没有什么困难。

The real obstacles were the people who saw themselves as the stewards of the land: the Northern and Southern Cheyenne Indians, the Sioux and the Arapaho.

真正的障碍是那些自视为土地管理者的人们：北部和南部夏延印第安人、苏人和阿拉帕霍人。

Skilled on a horseback, and with bow-and-arrow or rifle, these tribes moved by season from field of plenty to field of plenty, from hunting ground to hunting ground, sustained by the seemingly inexhaustible supply of buffalo.

这些部落擅长骑马、使用弓箭或步枪，按季节从一个丰饶的田野迁移到另一个丰饶的田野，从一个狩猎场迁移到另一个狩猎场，并依靠看似取之不尽的水牛供应来维持。

Donald Fixico, Historian: The buffalo is a great symbol and great being to the Plains people because it's really their staff of life and even more than that.

历史学家唐纳德·菲西科（Donald Fixico）：对于平原人民来说，水牛是一个伟大的象征和伟大的存在，因为它确实是他们的生活支柱，甚至还不止于此。

They figured out how to use the buffalo 52 different ways for food, supplies, war hunting implements, things like that.

他们想出了如何利用水牛 52 种不同的方式来获取食物、补给品、战争狩猎工具等。

And so the hooves for example are boiled to use as glue.

例如，蹄子被煮沸后用作胶水。

The hump back is, that part of the buffalo is really kind of sturdy and so it's used for making shields, the hides making a teepee for example.

水牛的驼背部分非常坚固，因此可以用来制作盾牌，例如用皮革制作圆锥形帐篷。

Took about 12 to 14 hides to do that.

大约需要 12 到 14 张皮革才能做到这一点。

Narrator: For many Plains Indian tribes, the buffalo was the center of the natural world; following the path of this animal, they learned to respect the potency of nature: in its power to give, and to take away.

旁白：对于许多平原印第安部落来说，水牛是自然世界的中心。沿着这种动物的道路，他们学会了尊重自然的力量：给予和索取的力量。

So when white settlers began streaming across the plains toward gold in California and then nearby Colorado, Indians regarded them as a new force of nature -- and an increasingly dangerous one.

因此，当白人定居者开始穿过平原，前往加利福尼亚州和附近的科罗拉多州淘金时，印第安人将他们视为一股新的自然力量，而且是一种越来越危险的力量。

These travelers spread smallpox and typhoid, ran off buffalo herds, decimated the Indians foraging fields and fouled their water sources.

这些旅行者传播天花和伤寒，赶走水牛群，大量屠杀印第安人的觅食田地，并污染了他们的水源。

By the time Pacific Railroad construction began, starvation and disease had wracked the Cheyenne, the Sioux, and the Arapaho.

当太平洋铁路开始修建时，饥饿和疾病已经折磨着夏延人、苏人和阿拉帕霍人。

Donald Fixico, Historian: The white intruders were changing the land.

历史学家唐纳德·菲西科：白人入侵者正在改变这片土地。

The game was becoming more difficult to find.

游戏变得越来越难找到。

Elk and buffalo, antelope was becoming more difficult to pursue because the people on the wagon trains, they also needed food.

麋鹿、水牛、羚羊变得越来越难追捕，因为马车上的人们也需要食物。

And obviously you had warriors who were, especially young warriors who were very upset by this.

显然，有些战士，尤其是年轻的战士对此感到非常不安。

Narrator: Though many of the Plains Indians remained on friendly terms with the Anglo-American travelers, the more militant tribes treated them as they would any other rival: they robbed and looted wagon trains, raided settlements and ranches, stole horses, mules, and cattle.

旁白：尽管许多平原印第安人仍然与英美旅行者保持着友好关系，但更激进的部落却像对待其他竞争对手一样对待他们：他们抢劫马车，袭击定居点和牧场，偷走马、骡子和牛。

On occasion, they killed, scalped and mutilated their victims.

有时，他们会杀害受害者、剥头皮或肢解受害者。

Peace was fragile; settlers rarely tried to distinguish between friendly and unfriendly Indians.

和平是脆弱的；定居者很少试图区分友好和不友好的印第安人。

U.S. militia units didn't always recognize a white flag.

美国民兵部队并不总是承认白旗。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: More and more white settlers came and coveted more and more of the land.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：越来越多的白人定居者来到这里，觊觎越来越多的土地。

Governor Evans of Colorado territory in 1864 abrogates the treaties with the Plains Indians.

1864 年，科罗拉多领地总督埃文斯废除了与平原印第安人签订的条约。

And then he encourages Colorado militias, vigilante type militias to go attack and raid the Indian camps.

然后他鼓励科罗拉多州的民兵、治安维持者类型的民兵去攻击和袭击印第安人的营地。

And in 1864, the camp of Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle was raided.

1864 年，夏延酋长布莱克·凯特尔的营地遭到袭击。

And about 140 men, women, and children of the Cheyenne were badly butchered by these vigilante militias.

大约 140 名夏安族的男人、女人和儿童被这些治安民兵惨遭屠杀。

They were clubbed, stabbed, shot.

他们被棍棒、刺伤、枪杀。

Accounts of the time talk about Indian women trying to crawl away from the carnage and being chased down and killed.

当时的报道称，印度妇女试图从大屠杀中爬出，结果被追杀。

Narrator: Immediate and bloody reprisals followed the butchery at Sand Creek; an army of a thousand Northern Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Sioux stalked up the Platte Valley, murdering soldiers and civilians, menacing stage lines and wagon trains, ripping up miles of telegraph wire and destroying the town of Julesburg, Colorado, which sat astride the proposed UP line.

旁白：沙溪屠杀事件发生后立即遭到血腥报复；一支由一千名北夏安人、阿拉帕霍人和苏人组成的军队逼近普拉特山谷，屠杀士兵和平民，威胁舞台线路和货车列车，撕毁数英里长的电报线，摧毁了横跨拟建UP线路的科罗拉多州朱尔斯堡镇。

But by then, Indian leaders understood dramatics would not slow the steady press of westward migration.

但到那时，印度领导人明白戏剧性的事件不会减缓向西移民的稳定压力。

Pawnee warriors read the signs, and joined up with the U.S. Cavalry to help protect western settlers from other warring parties.

波尼族战士看到了这些标志，并与美国骑兵联合起来，帮助保护西部定居者免受其他交战方的侵害。

The more visionary Cheyenne and Sioux leaders -- like Red Cloud -- concentrated their efforts north in the Powder River region, where the Bozeman trail threatened to destroy the only good buffalo hunting left to them.

更有远见的夏安族和苏族领导人——比如红云——将他们的精力集中在保德河地区北部，那里的博兹曼小道威胁着他们仅存的良好的水牛狩猎活动。

Farther south, near the Union Pacific line, their people were simply fighting for their lives.

再往南，靠近联合太平洋线，他们的人民只是在为自己的生命而战。

David Bain, Writer: The winter of 1865 and 1866 had been a very brutal one.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：1865 年和 1866 年的冬天是非常残酷的。

It had been colder than usual, and the Indian tribes had suffered terribly from famine.

天气比平时更冷，印第安部落也遭受了严重的饥荒。

The U.S. government knew that there was trouble afoot.

美国政府知道麻烦正在发生。

They had scheduled peace talks for June.

他们原定于六月进行和平谈判。

And the tribal leaders were inclined to wait to see what the whites were going to bring to the peace table.

部落首领倾向于等待，看看白人会在和平谈判桌上带来什么。

But they just absolutely could not control the younger hot heads who, as soon as they could get out onto the Plains, were going out and rustling horses and livestock to feed their families, to survive.

但他们绝对无法控制那些头脑发热的年轻人，他们一到平原上，就出去骑马和牲畜来养家糊口，为了生存。

Narrator: Small parties of Union Pacific surveyors were harassed and shot at.

旁白：联合太平洋测量师的小团体遭到骚扰和枪击。

A few men were even killed.

甚至有几个人被杀。

And their boss, Grenville Dodge, was apoplectic, sending pleas for help to his old army mate, General William Tecumseh Sherman.

他们的老板格伦维尔·道奇勃然大怒，向他的老战友威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼将军请求帮助。

So the commander of the U.S. Army's western district headed out to assess the problem for himself.

于是，美军西区司令亲自出马评估问题。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: They met very few Indians at all.

历史学家斯坦利·赫什森（Stanley Hirshson）：他们很少遇到印第安人。

When they did meet a few Indians, they were very, very friendly.

当他们遇到一些印度人时，他们非常非常友好。

When they got to Colorado City a delegation came and asked them about protection against the Indians.

当他们到达科罗拉多城时，一个代表团过来询问他们如何防范印第安人。

And Sherman's answer was, 'There's no Indian menace around here.

谢尔曼的回答是：“这里没有印第安人的威胁。”

All you want is the Army stationed here so it will make Colorado City prosperous.' He came to the conclusion in 1866 that the Indian menace was vastly overrated.

你想要的只是驻扎在这里的军队，这样科罗拉多城就会繁荣。” 1866 年，他得出结论：印度的威胁被严重高估了。

Narrator: By the summer of 1866, the Casement crews were a juggernaut.

旁白：到 1866 年夏天，Casement 团队已成为一支强大的队伍。

In July, they built past the hundred mile mark; by fall past the 100th meridian.

七月，他们的建设突破了百英里大关；到了第 100 条子午线之后。

Jack Casement's men made as much as three miles in a day, fixing into place 300 tons of iron rail in 12 hours' time -- moving down the tracks in the 85-foot-long rolling dormitories Casement had built.

杰克·凯斯门特 (Jack Casement) 的工人们一天行驶了 3 英里，在 12 小时内将 300 吨铁轨固定到位，并沿着凯斯门特建造的 85 英尺长滚动宿舍中的铁轨移动。

David Bain, Writer: Casement knew how to manage men.

大卫·贝恩，作家：凯斯门特知道如何管理人。

He knew how to get a 10 or 11 hour day out of his workers.

他知道如何让员工每天工作 10 或 11 个小时。

He was very efficient and tough about moving forward.

他非常高效，并且坚持不懈地前进。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: The model of organization, the marshaling of material logistically, etc. was done along military lines.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：组织模型、物资的后勤整理等都是按照军事路线进行的。

A lot of the construction workers were Confederate and Union soldiers used to taking orders and, and the discipline that this kind of work required.

许多建筑工人都是南方邦联和联邦士兵，习惯于接受命令和这种工作所需的纪律。

David Bain, Writer: Plus you had thousands of poor Irish who had just come over after the potato famine.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：此外，还有数千名贫穷的爱尔兰人刚刚在马铃薯饥荒之后来到这里。

They had filled up the teeming cities of the East and slowly been pushed westward.

他们填满了东部拥挤的城市，并慢慢地被推向西方。

It was a rough life.

那是一段艰难的生活。

The days were long; the work was hard; the sun beat down; the winter winds howled; there was always the threat that there was an Indian band over the next hillside.

日子很长；工作很辛苦；太阳落山了；冬风呼啸；下一个山坡上总是有一支印第安乐队的威胁。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: Well, if you're a laborer there, there wasn't too much good news.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：嗯，如果你是那里的工人，那就没有太多好消息了。

They had simple, simple foods: boiled beans, the equivalent of hardtack.

他们吃的食物非常简单：煮豆子，相当于硬面包。

The water often had Giardia in it; it caused dysentery.

水中经常含有贾第鞭毛虫。它引起了痢疾。

They lived in tents and the outfit cars with their berths four or five high that you slept in.

他们住在帐篷和装备车里，铺位有四五层高，你就睡在里面。

They had very little opportunity for baths or bathing, personal hygiene.

他们很少有机会洗澡或洗澡、个人卫生。

So the stench both within the cars and outside of the cars had to be tremendous.

所以车内车外的恶臭一定很大。

You got your two or so dollars a day and your inadequate meals such as they were.

你每天只能得到两块钱左右的钱，而且膳食也不够充足。

And then you could look forward to the pleasures of Hell On Wheels.

然后你就可以期待地狱之轮的乐趣了。

Narrator: Hell On Wheels was a town made to carry; as the railroad workers moved down the prairie, the entire town could be packed onto flatbed cars or wagons and hauled to the next felicitous spot, re-constituted and renamed.

旁白：地狱之轮是一座为运送而生的小镇；当铁路工人沿着草原移动时，整个城镇可以装上平板车或货车，然后拖到下一个合适的地点，重新组建和重新命名。

Carol Bowers, Historian: End of tracks towns sprang up very quickly as the railroad came along.

历史学家卡罗尔·鲍尔斯 (Carol Bowers)：随着铁路的出现，铁轨尽头的城镇迅速崛起。

Many of the buildings were tents, maybe four posts in the ground with a canvas top for a cover.

许多建筑物都是帐篷，地面上可能有四根柱子，顶部用帆布做遮盖。

Many of the gambling halls and the saloons would operate 24 hours a day and one of the things that settlers mentioned frequently in their letters and journals was the annoyance from the noise of these gambling halls, the saloons.

许多赌场和酒吧每天 24 小时营业，定居者在信件和日记中经常提到的事情之一就是这些赌场和酒吧的噪音带来的烦恼。

People shouting in the night.

人们在夜里大声喊叫。

It was very noisy, very crowded, and very rough.

那里非常吵闹、非常拥挤、非常粗暴。

Most of the women coming along in that point were entrepreneurs.

当时出现的大多数女性都是企业家。

They were prostitutes who were here primarily for the same reason that the men were following this westward press of empire which was to make quick money and lots of it.

她们是妓女，来到这里的主要原因与男人们追随帝国向西扩张的原因相同，就是为了赚快钱，而且赚很多钱。

And so they would locate themselves wherever there was a fluid population of men with money to spend.

因此，只要有流动人口、有钱可花，他们就会把自己安置在哪里。

Voice, reading: W.O.

语音、朗读：W.O.

Owen: It cost a man about $10 an hour to trip the light fantastic with those soiled doves, and if he had anything left they would drug him and strip him of everything of any value before kicking him into the street.

欧文：一个人每小时要花 10 美元才能让那些肮脏的鸽子跳上灯，如果他还有什么东西，他们就会给他下药，剥夺他所有值钱的东西，然后把他踢到街上。

Immediately in front of Bull's Big Tent occurred the first murder I ever witnessed.

就在公牛大帐篷前发生了我亲眼目睹的第一起谋杀案。

In 10 minutes after that shot was fired the excitement had subsided.

枪响后 10 分钟，兴奋情绪就平息了。

The street was clear, the games were in full blast, and the cry of "Promenade to the bar!" was issuing from the Big Tent.

街道畅通无阻，比赛如火如荼地进行，“去酒吧散步！”的呼喊声此起彼伏。是从大帐篷里发出来的。

-- W.O.

——W.O.

Owen

欧文

Carol Bowers, Historian: Bull's big tent was a full-service establishment.

卡罗尔·鲍尔斯（Carol Bowers），历史学家：公牛的大帐篷是一个提供全方位服务的机构。

They had almost every kind of gambling game that anyone could desire to play.

他们几乎拥有任何人想玩的赌博游戏。

And in the back there were cubicles that were partitioned with canvas for the women to transact business with their customers.

后面有一些用帆布隔开的小隔间，供女人们与顾客做生意。

And then a Dr. Allen announced that he had established offices in the rear of Bull's Big Tent and specialized in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

然后一位艾伦医生宣布，他在公牛大帐篷后面设立了办事处，专门治疗性病。

So actually you could go to the big tent, you could spend an afternoon or evening's diversion, catch things that you really did not want to have, and hopefully have them taken care of before you headed back on the railroad.

所以实际上你可以去大帐篷，你可以花一个下午或晚上的时间消遣，抓住你真正不想拥有的东西，并希望在你返回铁路之前把它们处理好。

Narrator: As winter brought work to a halt in 1866, many railroad workers settled into the lascivious comforts of the newest end of track town: North Platte, Nebraska.

旁白：1866 年，冬天导致工作停顿，许多铁路工人搬到了铁路城镇最新的尽头：内布拉斯加州的北普拉特，过着淫荡的舒适生活。

Jack Casement had much to celebrate: his crews had made 265 miles in 1866, and back home in Ohio, his wife had given birth to a son.

杰克·凯斯门特 (Jack Casement) 有很多值得庆祝的事情：1866 年，他的团队已经行驶了 265 英里，回到俄亥俄州的家中，他的妻子生下了一个儿子。

But not even that happy news could pull Casement from his pursuit of money.

但即使是这个好消息也无法让凯斯门特放弃对金钱的追求。

General Jack decided to stay on in North Platte, to make a little extra on side bets.

杰克将军决定留在北普拉特，以便在额外的赌注上赚一点钱。

That winter he built a boarding house, a general store to cash in on his free freighting privileges, and a cattle ranch so he could take a contract to provide beef to his own UP work-gangs.

那年冬天，他建造了一座寄宿处、一家杂货店以利用他的免费货运特权赚钱，还建造了一个养牛场，这样他就可以签订合同，为自己的 UP 工作团伙提供牛肉。

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: Dear Jack, Be careful of your health.

声音，朗读凯斯门特夫人的来信：亲爱的杰克，注意你的健康。

And for the sake of our little boy more for your own sake, beware of the tempter in the form of strong drink.

为了我们的小男孩，更为了你自己，请提防烈酒的诱惑。

Do come home as soon as possible.

请尽快回家。

Your wife, Frank.

你的妻子，弗兰克。

Voice, reading letter from Jack Casement: My Dear Wife.

声音，朗读杰克·凯斯门特的信：我亲爱的妻子。

Here it is almost Christmas and I am still here.

快到圣诞节了，我还在这里。

and if I get home on New Years now I shall feel thankful.

如果我现在新年回家，我会心存感激。

There is so much to do.

有很多事情要做。

We want two or three hundred cows for next summer, are building a large ice house, have built a good slaughter house and Blacksmith shop, wash house and corral, so you see we are getting quite a ranch.

明年夏天我们想要两三百头奶牛，正在建造一个大冰屋，建造了一个好的屠宰场和铁匠铺，洗衣房和畜栏，所以你看我们得到了一个相当大的牧场。

Darling be as patient as you can.

亲爱的，请尽可能耐心。

You don't want to see me more than I do you.

你不想见我，就像我想见你一样。

God Bless and Keep you happy.

上帝保佑你并保持快乐。

Jack."

杰克。”

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: My Dear Husband, If you don't come home and stay with us some this winter you will never know any thing more of this baby than you did of your first.

声音，朗读凯斯门特夫人的来信： 我亲爱的丈夫，如果这个冬天你不回家和我们一起住一段时间，你对这个孩子的了解将永远不会比你对第一个孩子的了解更多。

Your wife, Frank.

你的妻子，弗兰克。

Narrator: Jack Casement wasn't about to go home, not now that America was watching.

旁白：杰克·凯斯门特不打算回家，现在美国正在注视着。

With the North and South reunited, the nation had finally turned its attention to the joining of East and West.

随着南北统一，国家终于把注意力转向了东西方的融合。

The railroad line was crawling with correspondents and photographers.

铁路线上挤满了记者和摄影师。

A new and exotic dateline -- "End of Tracks" -- festooned newspapers across the country.

一条新的、充满异国情调的日期线——“轨道的尽头”——登上了全国各地的报纸。

Telegraph wires strung alongside the tracks carried news of the iron road, its daily progress, and future it promised: "Great indeed will be the vitality of the republic when the warm blood from its heart pulsates to the remote extremities.

铁轨旁的电报线传送着有关钢铁之路、它的日常进展和它所承诺的未来的消息：“当共和国的热血从心脏跳动到遥远的四肢时，共和国的活力将是伟大的。

This magic key will unlock...

这把神奇的钥匙将解锁...

a world-encircling tide of travel, commerce and Christian civilization."

一股环绕世界的旅行、商业和基督教文明的浪潮。”

All that stood in the way of this new bounty was the road's completion.

阻碍这一新成果的唯一因素是道路的竣工。

But that would prove more difficult than anyone imagined.

但这比任何人想象的都要困难。

In the fall of 1866, as the Central Pacific completed its track to Cisco, 92 miles east of Sacramento, Chinese work gangs were hurried to Donner Summit, where seven separate tunnels had to be dug.

1866 年秋天，当中央太平洋号完成了通往萨克拉门托以东 92 英里的思科的航线时，中国工作队被赶到唐纳峰，在那里必须挖掘 7 条独立的隧道。

The most difficult was number six, the Summit Tunnel.

最困难的是第六号，山顶隧道。

November snows were already beginning to blanket the mountains.

十一月的雪已经开始覆盖群山。

Forty-four snowstorms hit the summit that season.

那个季节有四十四场暴风雪袭击了山顶。

But inside the man-made caves, work continued around the clock, in three eight-hour shifts, at four separate headings: one on the east side, one on the west.

但在人造洞穴内，工作昼夜不停地进行，三个轮班，每班八小时，分四个不同的方向：一个在东侧，一个在西侧。

And two in the center, where the men had to be lowered by ropes a hundred feet down an eight-by-12-foot man-made shaft.

中间有两个，必须用绳索将人员从 8 乘 12 英尺的人造竖井中降到 100 英尺处。

Even with 12 to 15 men drilling at each face and hundreds of barrels of black powder expended daily, the Central Pacific partners figured it would take 15 months to break through the tunnel.

即使每面都有 12 到 15 名人员进行钻孔，每天消耗数百桶黑火药，中太平洋合作伙伴仍预计需要 15 个月才能打通隧道。

David Bain, Writer: The Summit Tunnel was 1,659 feet long and its through some of the hardest rock in North America.

David Bain，作家：顶峰隧道长 1,659 英尺，穿过北美一些最坚硬的岩石。

And remember that we're working with hand drills and black blasting powder.

请记住，我们使用的是手钻和黑色喷砂粉。

It's not very efficient.

这不是很有效率。

It takes a lot of human effort and a lot of money to pay for that blasting powder.

购买那种炸药需要花费大量的人力和大量的金钱。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: The Central Pacific is building a foot a day through these tunnels -- and it's just agonizing for them.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼（Wendell Huffman）：中太平洋地区每天都在通过这些隧道建造一英尺的隧道，这让他们感到痛苦。

They recognize that the Pacific Railroad is going to generate revenue from Omaha to San Francisco.

他们认识到太平洋铁路将从奥马哈到旧金山产生收入。

And their portion of that revenue is going to be based on how many miles of track was the track that they built.

他们的收入份额将取决于他们建造的轨道的里程数。

They want to get as far east as possible.

他们想要尽可能向东走。

Those mountains are slowing them down.

那些山脉正在减慢他们的速度。

Meanwhile the Union Pacific has finally gotten organized.

与此同时，联合太平洋公司终于组织起来了。

They've hired this guy Casement and he was bragging that he could build five miles of track a day.

他们雇佣了凯斯门特这个人，他吹嘘说他每天可以建造五英里的轨道。

Narrator: In his office in New York, Collis P.

旁白：在纽约的办公室里，科利斯·P.

Huntington was reading breathless newspaper accounts of Casement's rapid advance -- with a growing sense of dread.

亨廷顿气喘吁吁地读着报纸上有关凯门特快速推进的报道，心中的恐惧感与日俱增。

If the CP crews remained stuck in the tunnels too long, Huntington figured, the Union Pacific would build right by them and all the way into San Francisco.

亨廷顿认为，如果 CP 船员在隧道中困得太久，联合太平洋号就会在他们旁边建造，一直延伸到旧金山。

Four years of work would be for nothing.

四年的努力就白费了。

The CP partners would be ruined beyond repair.

CP伙伴将毁于一旦。

The Central Pacific's best hope was a dangerous gamble: liquid nitroglycerin.

中太平洋号最大的希望是一场危险的赌博：液体硝化甘油。

Nitro was the most powerful explosive ever made, and the least stable.

硝基是有史以来威力最强的炸药，也是最不稳定的。

In 1867, transportation of liquid nitro was illegal in the state of California -- and for good reason.

1867 年，液体硝基的运输在加利福尼亚州是非法的，这是有充分理由的。

Accidental explosions had all but disintegrated a Panama steamer and blown up half a block in downtown San Francisco.

意外爆炸几乎摧毁了一艘巴拿马轮船，并炸毁了旧金山市中心的半个街区。

Body parts were found atop of buildings hundreds of feet from the blast site.

在距离爆炸现场数百英尺的建筑物顶上发现了尸体残骸。

But when a British chemist named James Howden told E.

但当一位名叫詹姆斯·豪登的英国化学家告诉 E.

B.

B.

Crocker he could mix the compound on site at the tunnels, the CP partner shipped him straightaway to the summit.

克罗克（Crocker）可以在隧道现场混合混合物，CP 合作伙伴立即将他运送到山顶。

Frank Chin: Nitro is a very temperamental compound.

Frank Chin：硝基是一种非常不稳定的化合物。

It tends to blow up on its own.

它往往会自行爆炸。

And the Chinese had to handle it delicately.

中国人必须谨慎处理。

David Bain, Writer: They had a surprisingly good safety record with this.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：他们在这方面有着令人惊讶的良好安全记录。

And they were able to do more than twice the amount of work with nitroglycerin.

使用硝酸甘油，他们能够完成两倍以上的工作量。

It blasted more, it smoked less, it cleared out quicker.

它爆炸得更多，冒烟更少，清除得更快。

And they could really start to move on those tunnels.

他们真的可以开始在这些隧道上移动了。

Narrator: Construction boss James Harvey Strobridge hired Welshmen from Nevada's hard-rock mines to further speed the work.

旁白：建筑老板詹姆斯·哈维·斯特罗布里奇聘请了来自内华达州硬岩矿的威尔士人来进一步加快工作速度。

But he was surprised to see the Chinese gangs out-distance the Welsh crews week after week.

但他惊讶地发现中国帮派一周又一周地超越了威尔士帮派。

The Chinese did the most difficult work and the most dangerous; and they were paid the least.

中国人干的是最艰苦、最危险的工作；他们的工资是最低的。

David Bain, Writer: Californians had suddenly come up with the idea that these Chinese were good workers, and so they were being hired away from the Central Pacific.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：加州人突然想到这些中国人是优秀的工人，因此他们被雇用远离中太平洋地区。

The Central Pacific raised the wages to $35 a month.

中央太平洋公司将工资提高到每月 35 美元。

It wasn't enough.

这还不够。

This little crew went on strike.

这个小团队罢工了。

They were threatened, we will fire you if you don't go back to work.

他们受到威胁，如果你不回去工作，我们就会解雇你。

So they raised their demand to $40 a month and it got around to the other camps and then all of a sudden all of the Chinese camps were on strike.

于是他们把要求提高到每月 40 美元，并传到了其他营地，然后突然间所有中国营地都罢工了。

So the Central Pacific cut off their food and cut off their supplies.

于是中太平洋断绝了他们的食物，断绝了他们的补给。

Frank Chin: Strobridge and Crocker, you know, they weren't thinking of the Chinese as human.

Frank Chin：斯特罗布里奇和克罗克，你知道，他们并不认为中国人是人类。

They never thought of the Chinese as having a family.

他们从来不认为中国人有家庭。

They never thought of the Chinese as having a wife.

他们从来不认为中国人有妻子。

They never thought of the Chinese as supporting people across the ocean.

他们从来没有想到中国人会支持大洋彼岸的人民。

And the Chinese were.

中国人也是。

And they thought, well, the Chinese can live on a dollar a day.

他们认为，好吧，中国人每天可以靠一美元生活。

It's the white man that really needs the money.

真正需要钱的是白人。

David Bain, Writer: After about a week of running out of food, the Central Pacific managers brought what looked very much like a posse of whites up to just make sure that there wasn't any rioting going on up there on the mountainside, on this empty mountainside.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：在食物耗尽大约一周后，中央太平洋的管理人员带来了一群看起来非常像白人的人，以确保山腰上，在这个空荡荡的山腰上不会发生任何骚乱。

And when these hungry Chinese looked out and they saw this mob of deputized whites and they realized that there was really nowhere to go, they went back to work and they went back to work for $35 a month.

当这些饥饿的中国人向外望去，看到这群白人代表时，他们意识到真的无处可去，于是他们回去工作，每月工资 35 美元。

Narrator: From its inception, all that slowed the Union Pacific was bad management and politics.

旁白：从成立之初，联合太平洋公司发展缓慢的原因就是糟糕的管理和政治。

The company was chartered by Congress; its engineering, construction, and financing had to have federal government approval.

该公司由国会特许；其工程、建设和融资必须获得联邦政府的批准。

More than a few in the capital doubted the integrity of a company run by Thomas Durant.

首都不少人对托马斯·杜兰特经营的公司的诚信表示怀疑。

As far back as 1864, a second axis of power was fighting for control of the Union Pacific boardroom: that power was chiefly the Ames brothers, who had been early investors in the UP and early beneficiaries of Credit Mobilier.

早在 1864 年，第二个权力轴心就在争夺联合太平洋董事会的控制权：该权力主要是艾姆斯兄弟，他们是联合太平洋银行的早期投资者和动产信贷银行的早期受益者。

David Bain, Writer: Oakes and Oliver Ames were the sons of a wealthy manufacturer who had made an immense fortune by supplying the gold rush with its shovels and picks.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），编剧：奥克斯和奥利弗·艾姆斯是一位富有制造商的儿子，他们通过向淘金热提供铲子和镐而发了巨额财富。

And Oakes Ames had a real civic spirit.

奥克斯·艾姆斯拥有真正的公民精神。

He stood for Congress and was elected from Massachusetts during the Civil War.

他是国会议员，在内战期间从马萨诸塞州当选。

And, through that, he became known to Abraham Lincoln.

通过这件事，亚伯拉罕·林肯认识了他。

And Lincoln took Oakes Ames aside and said, I want you to get involved in this Union Pacific business.

林肯把奥克斯·艾姆斯拉到一边说，我希望你参与联合太平洋公司的业务。

If you don't take hold of it, no one will, and it's not going to get done.

如果你不抓住它，没有人会抓住它，而且它也不会完成。

And if you do this, it would be a great service to the country, and it would make you the most remembered man of the century.

如果你这样做，这将是对国家的伟大贡献，并且会让你成为本世纪最受铭记的人物。

Narrator: By the summer of 1867, the Ames and their Boston counting-house friends had gained controlling interest from Durant and installed Oliver Ames as president; the Doctor had begun what would become a blizzard of lawsuits against the board, but remained as vice-president, director, and major stockholder.

旁白：到 1867 年夏天，艾姆斯家族和他们在波士顿会计室的朋友从杜兰特手中获得了控股权，并任命奥利弗·艾姆斯为总裁；博士对董事会发起了一系列诉讼，但他仍然担任副总裁、董事和主要股东。

Whether they liked it or not, Durant and the Ameses were in harness together.

无论他们喜欢与否，杜兰特和艾姆斯一家都在一起。

Durant still provided remarkable drive.

杜兰特仍然提供了出色的驱动力。

The Ames brothers provided respectability.

艾姆斯兄弟赢得了人们的尊重。

When Oakes sprinkled Credit Mobilier stock through Congress, he did it quietly.

当奥克斯向国会散布流动信贷银行股票时，他是悄悄进行的。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: What Oakes Ames did was to pass out only 343 shares -- they were worth $200 each -- to members of Congress to influence them in voting for things for the Union Pacific.

Stanley Hirshson，历史学家：Oakes Ames 所做的只是向国会议员分发了 343 股股票（每股价值 200 美元），以影响他们投票支持联合太平洋公司。

And no one received over 100 shares of stock.

没有人收到超过 100 股的股票。

It really amounted to nothing.

实在是一事无成。

But it showed how easy it was to buy the influence of representatives and senators.

但这表明收买众议员和参议员的影响力是多么容易。

Narrator: While Congressman Oakes Ames greased the skids in Washington, Chief Engineer Grenville Dodge led the Union Pacific into a remote corner of the Dakota territory.

旁白：当众议员奥克斯·艾姆斯在华盛顿为滑行做好准备时，总工程师格伦维尔·道奇则带领联合太平洋号驶入达科他州领土的一个偏远角落。

In July of 1867, 90 miles north of the only metropolis of the Rockies, Denver, Colorado, at the intersection of two small creeks, Dodge staked out a new town.

1867 年 7 月，在科罗拉多州丹佛市落基山脉唯一大都市以北 90 英里处的两条小溪交汇处，道奇设立了一座新城镇。

It was about halfway between Omaha and Salt Lake City, a straight shot to the rich coal fields of western Dakota, and the spot where the land begins its gradual rise into the Rockies.

它大约位于奥马哈和盐湖城之间，直接通往达科他州西部丰富的煤田，也是土地开始逐渐上升到落基山脉的地方。

Here would be the roundhouse where west-bound trains beginning their ascent took on extra locomotives, and where east-bound trains shucked theirs.

这里将是一个圆屋，西行列车开始上升时会在这里装载额外的机车，而东行列车也会在这里卸下机车。

The town would be a Union Pacific division point, with a machine shop and watering tanks, a depot, dining room, and hotel.

该镇将成为联合太平洋公司的一个分部，设有机械车间、洒水箱、仓库、餐厅和酒店。

A brand new military post would set up nearby.

附近将设立一个全新的军事哨所。

Dodge named the town Cheyenne.

道奇将这个小镇命名为夏延 (Cheyenne)。

And announced that it would one day rival Denver.

并宣布有一天将与丹佛竞争。

The last little bit was to help drive up the price of lots the Union Pacific was selling off.

最后一点是帮助推高联合太平洋公司正在出售的地块的价格。

Phil Roberts, Historian: It wasn't going to be like those other Hell on Wheels towns that were going to be there just as long as the tracklayers were coming in to buy their liquid refreshments, etc. It was going to be a place that was going to endure because the railroad said it was going to endure.

历史学家菲尔·罗伯茨：它不会像其他地狱之轮城镇那样，只要铺路工人进来购买液体茶点等，它就会在那里。这将是一个能够持续下去的地方，因为铁路说它会持续下去。

Within a week, there were people locating there.

一周之内，有人在那里定居。

And within a month, there were businesses that were established there.

一个月之内，就有企业在那里成立。

There were speculators.

有投机者。

There were fly-by-night operators that simply wanted to follow the tracks.

有些不可靠的操作员只是想追踪踪迹。

But there were also a number of people who had made some determination that they were going to move their families out to this area.

但也有一些人已经下定决心要举家搬到这个地区。

And they were going to put down roots and establish themselves.

他们要扎根并建立自己的地位。

Narrator: All America was watching the railroad's progress, and some folks were inspired to hop on the train.

旁白：全美国都在关注铁路的进展，一些人受到启发而跳上了火车。

Anybody traveling to Cheyenne on the railroad in 1867 saw the future shimmering before them.

1867 年乘坐铁路前往夏延的任何人都看到了未来在他们面前闪闪发光。

Railroad workers had dropped off to take up farming along the line in Nebraska; their wives and children had followed.

铁路工人纷纷下车前往内布拉斯加州沿线务农。他们的妻子和孩子也紧随其后。

Towns behind the end of tracks were filling in, becoming safe for schoolmistresses and seamstresses.

铁轨尽头后面的城镇正在被填满，对女校长和女裁缝来说变得安全了。

The most adventurous kept heading west toward Dakota Territory and the Magic City of the Plains.

最具冒险精神的人继续向西前往达科他领地和平原魔法之城。

By September of 1867, Cheyenne's population was in the thousands, and rising.

到 1867 年 9 月，夏安的人口已达数千人，并且还在不断增加。

A newspaper went to press with plenty of advertising columns full of the new businesses setting up on the main streets.

一份报纸付印时刊登了大量的广告专栏，其中充斥着主要街道上开设的新企业。

A town council was established, and a public school.

成立了镇议会和一所公立学校。

As the U.P tracks neared Cheyenne, the price of a town lot skyrocketed from $600 to $4,000.

随着 U.P 赛道接近夏延，城镇土地的价格从 600 美元飙升至 4,000 美元。

"Here is the City of Cheyenne," exclaimed the town's first mayor.

“这里是夏安市，”该镇的第一任市长惊呼道。

"May she ever prosper, and the tribe of Indians after whom she is named be completely exterminated." The sentiment, it was reported, was much applauded.

“愿她永远繁荣，并以她的名字命名的印第安部落被彻底消灭。”据报道，这种情绪受到了热烈的掌声。

David Bain, Writer: Up the Platte River Valley, the railroad is going up right through the center of this place.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：沿着普拉特河谷，铁路正穿过这个地方的中心。

And all of these tribes were used to crossing through this valley.

而这些部落都习惯了穿越这个山谷。

The buffalo herds, which had been in the millions in the 1840s, were being decimated by all of the emigrants going across, by the forces who were trying to get meat for the thousands of railroaders.

1840年代有数百万的水牛群正在被所有过境的移民和试图为数千名铁路工人获取肉类的军队所屠杀。

Donald Fixico, Historian: By the late 1800s, there is perhaps about 1,200 buffalo altogether.

历史学家 Donald Fixico：到 1800 年代末，总共大约有 1,200 头水牛。

We're talking about an animal that was almost literally erased from this earth.

我们谈论的是一种几乎从地球上消失的动物。

For the Plains Indians tribes, it affected their whole scheme of life and understanding of their universe.

对于平原印第安人部落来说，它影响了他们的整个生活计划和对宇宙的理解。

And they saw that their life was being taken away from them.

他们看到自己的生命正在被夺走。

Phil Roberts, Historian: There were people coming out on the train that were shooting buffalo from the train as they were passing through the plains.

菲尔·罗伯茨（Phil Roberts），历史学家：当火车经过平原时，有人从火车上出来射杀水牛。

So a lot of these Indians saw this march of the railroad as a far more permanent presence than even the trails.

因此，许多印第安人将铁路的延伸视为比小径更永久的存在。

And far more threatening than the trails because this demonstrated a great deal more permanence than simply a few people passing through in a covered wagon.

而且比小路更具威胁性，因为这比几个人乘坐有盖马车经过要持久得多。

Donald Fixico, Historian: Plains Indians began to realize that they were going to have do something and to fight for their lands, in a way to fight for the buffalo.

历史学家唐纳德·菲西科：平原印第安人开始意识到，他们必须做点什么，为自己的土地而战，就像为水牛而战一样。

They're defending their lands.

他们正在保卫自己的土地。

I mean anyone would defend their lands, their homelands.

我的意思是任何人都会保卫他们的土地，他们的家园。

Narrator: In the summer of 1867, Union Pacific advance men were being picked off with growing frequency.

旁白：1867 年夏天，联合太平洋航空公司先遣人员被抓的频率越来越高。

News of dead surveyors -- bodies punctured with bullets and arrows -- burned the telegraph wires between Cheyenne and Omaha.

测量员死亡的消息——尸体被子弹和箭刺穿——烧毁了夏延和奥马哈之间的电报线。

From Plum Creek, Nebraska, came the news that Cheyenne warriors had torn up tracks, derailed and looted a train, killed an engineer and a brakeman, scalped them, and set them afire.

从内布拉斯加州的普拉姆溪传来消息称，夏延战士撕毁了铁轨，使火车脱轨并抢劫一列火车，杀死了一名工程师和一名刹车工，剥了他们的头皮，并纵火焚烧了他们。

Their charred bodies were soon on display at the Plum Creek station.

他们烧焦的尸体很快就在普拉姆溪站展出。

As was telegraph repairman William Thompson, who had escaped alive but skinned.

电报修理工威廉·汤普森（William Thompson）也是如此，他活着逃脱，但被剥皮了。

In a pail of water at his side was his recently removed scalp.

他身边的一桶水里放着他最近被切除的头皮。

After that ugly summer, peace conferences were held, and Cheyenne and Sioux leaders pled their case.

在那个丑陋的夏天之后，召开了和平会议，夏延和苏族领导人为他们的主张辩护。

If they were expected to control their most angry and militant men, they would have to give them a chance to feed their families.

如果她们要控制最愤怒和好斗的男人，她们就必须给他们一个养家糊口的机会。

Few whites were in sympathy.

很少有白人表示同情。

Phil Roberts, Historian: Where initially there was fear on the part of a lot of people about the possible threats from Indians and from the Native population, as time passed, that fear became one of almost, almost hatred.

历史学家菲尔·罗伯茨：最初，很多人对来自印第安人和原住民的可能威胁感到恐惧，随着时间的推移，这种恐惧几乎变成了仇恨。

And that's not universal, of course.

当然，这并不普遍。

But it was a pretty strong feeling that we've got to get rid of these people.

但我们有一种非常强烈的感觉，那就是我们必须摆脱这些人。

Yeah, we're trespassing on their lands you might say, but we have to permanently get them out of the way, dispose of them.

是的，你可能会说我们侵犯了他们的土地，但我们必须永久地让他们离开，处置他们。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: Dodge was in favor really of just exterminating all the Indians, just getting rid of them all.

史丹利·赫什森（Stanley Hirshson），历史学家：道奇确实赞成消灭所有印第安人，把他们全部除掉。

He kept telling Sherman that we need more soldiers out here.

他不断地告诉谢尔曼，我们这里需要更多的士兵。

We have to protect our parties.

我们必须保护我们的政党。

David Bain, Writer: Sherman was interestingly a conciliator at the very beginning.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：有趣的是，谢尔曼一开始就是一位调解者。

He had a lot of feeling for the Indian tribes.

他对印第安部落很有感情。

But when relations broke down and reprisals began to happen, he came over rather quickly to the other side of things and really just decided that if these people didn't make way, then they just had to be annihilated.

但当关系破裂并且报复开始发生时，他很快就转向了事情的另一面，并决定如果这些人不让路，那么他们就必须被消灭。

Narrator: "I have no sympathy with the Red Devils," wrote one surveyor.

旁白：“我对红魔没有同情心，”一位测量员写道。

"May the greedy crow and dark-winged raven hover over their silent corpses.

“愿贪婪的乌鸦和黑翼乌鸦盘旋在他们沉默的尸体上。

May the coyote feast upon their stiff and festering carcasses...

愿郊狼享用它们僵硬溃烂的尸体……

Education and civilization will be satisfied when they cease to be."

当教育和文明不再存在时，它们就会得到满足。”

In new towns like Cheyenne and Laramie, where the front lines of western culture pushed through, the march of civilization was no ennobling procession.

在夏安和拉勒米这样的新城镇，西方文化的前线穿过这些地方，文明的游行并不是高贵的游行。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: Let's face it, cut-throat types who probably would be on wanted posters in post offices today were busy operating there.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：让我们面对现实吧，今天邮局的通缉海报上可能会出现一些凶残的人，他们正忙着在那里工作。

So if you protested that you were short-changed or someone was cheating at the cards, they were liable to follow you outside and do bodily harm to you or even kill you.

因此，如果您抗议说自己被骗了，或者有人在牌桌上作弊，他们很可能会跟踪您到外面并对您进行身体伤害，甚至杀死您。

Carol Bowers, Historian: Laramie tried to mount a town government, to seat a town government.

卡罗尔·鲍尔斯，历史学家：拉勒米试图建立一个镇政府，设立一个镇政府。

The town council and the mayor resigned after three weeks saying the town was so wild, it was virtually ungovernable.

三周后，镇议会和市长辞职，称该镇太疯狂了，几乎无法治理。

And a number of the more unruly members of the community took over -- Con Wagner, Asa Moore, Big Ed Wilson, and some of their cronies.

社区中一些更不守规矩的成员接管了——康·瓦格纳、阿萨·摩尔、大埃德·威尔逊以及他们的一些亲信。

Voice, reading the words of: W.O.

声音，朗读以下文字：W.O.

Owen: It was the consensus of opinion that something had to be done.

欧文：大家一致认为必须采取一些措施。

Accordingly, a vigilance committee was organized and its first act was the hanging of a boy known as "The Kid." This act of the vigilantes served only to intensify the bitter feeling of the lawless element and these now threatened openly to burn the town.

因此，成立了一个警戒委员会，其第一个行动就是绞死一个被称为“孩子”的男孩。义务警员的这一行为只会加剧不法分子的痛苦情绪，他们现在公开威胁要烧毁这座城镇。

-- W.O.

——W.O.

Owen.

欧文.

Carol Bowers, Historian: Finally the respectable people had decided the town had to be brought under control.

卡罗尔·鲍尔斯，历史学家：最后，可敬的人们决定必须控制该镇。

Something had to happen.

必须发生一些事情。

And so there was a vigilante sweep through Laramie.

于是，拉勒米遭到了治安维持者的扫荡。

Prostitutes and other undesirables were loaded on flat cars, on the Union Pacific Railroad, and sent off to Rawlins, the next end of track town which probably wasn't all that wonderful for Rawlins.

妓女和其他不受欢迎的人被装上联合太平洋铁路的平板车，然后送往罗林斯，这是轨道城镇的下一个尽头，这对罗林斯来说可能并不是那么美好。

But others such as Wagner, Moore, and Wilson were hanged.

但瓦格纳、摩尔和威尔逊等其他人则被绞死。

And because of the scarcity of the trees in Laramie at that time, finding places to hang people was a bit of a challenge.

由于当时拉勒米的树木稀缺，寻找吊死人的地方是一个挑战。

And so Wagner and his cronies were hanged inside a cabin from the rafters.

就这样，瓦格纳和他的亲信被吊死在一间小屋的椽子上。

And they were also shot I believe before they were hanged so it was a bit of overkill.

我相信他们在被绞死之前也被枪杀了，所以这有点过分了。

People wanted to be sure they were rid of Wagner and Moore and the scourge they were bringing to the town.

人们希望确保摆脱瓦格纳和摩尔以及他们给小镇带来的祸害。

Voice, reading the words of W.O.

声音，朗读 W.O. 的话

Owen: Early the following day my chum and I hastened to the Keane log building and viewed the bodies .

欧文：第二天一早，我和我的朋友就赶到了基恩木屋，查看了尸体。

.

。

.

。

We then returned to the streets and had been there only a short time when our attention was attracted to a body of men coming down the street.

然后我们回到街道上，只在那里待了很短的时间，我们的注意力就被街上走来的一具男人所吸引。

The party had in their midst a man known as "Long Steve," who was talking excitedly.

聚会中，有一位名叫“长史蒂夫”的男人正在兴奋地说话。

He begged them to let him go."Boys," he said, "for God's sake let me go and I'll start right down that railroad track and never stop til I get to Omaha!" They then crossed the street to a telegraph pole, which stood near the Union Pacific Railway Company's oil house and executed the poor wretch in the presence of a large crowd.

他恳求他们放他走。“孩子们，”他说，“看在上帝的份上，让我走吧，我会沿着铁轨开始，永不停歇，直到到达奥马哈！”然后他们穿过街道，来到联合太平洋铁路公司油库附近的一根电线杆前，在一大群人面前处决了这个可怜的家伙。

The hangings made Laramie about as safe a town to live in as could be found on the continent.

绞刑架使拉勒米成为非洲大陆上最安全的居住城镇。

-- W.O.

——W.O.

Owen.

欧文.

Narrator: Up on Donner Summit in the summer of 1867, the Central Pacific crews were still fighting through the Summit Tunnel.

旁白：1867 年夏天，在唐纳峰，中太平洋号船员仍在顶峰隧道中奋战。

The anxious CP partners had already had track laid east of the tunnel, out along the Truckee River.

焦急的 CP 合作伙伴已经在隧道以东、沿着特拉基河铺设了轨道。

But they couldn't connect the track -- or collect their ample government subsidy -- until the tunnel was finished.

但在隧道完工之前，他们无法连接轨道，也无法获得充足的政府补贴。

David Bain, Writer: We get to August, and the crew down on the western shaft is working.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：我们已经到了八月，西边竖井的工作人员正在工作。

There's a nitroglycerin blast.

硝化甘油发生爆炸。

They clear away the smoke and they pull away the rubble, and all of a sudden, there's a fresh breeze of cool air coming in at them.

他们清除烟雾，移开瓦砾，突然，一股清新的凉风向他们吹来。

And they've linked the two western shafts together.

他们已将西边的两个竖井连接在一起。

And there's this tremendous feeling of accomplishment which redoubles their effort in the eastern face.

这种巨大的成就感让他们在东方面孔上加倍努力。

And three or four weeks later, at the end of August, they're through on that side.

三四个星期后，也就是八月底，他们那边就结束了。

Narrator: "For these years past gravitation has been so continually against us," wrote Mark Hopkins.

旁白：“这些年来，引力一直对我们不利，”马克·霍普金斯写道。

"At last we have reached the summit, are on the downgrade and we rejoice."

“我们终于到达了顶峰，正在走下坡路，我们很高兴。”

In five years of construction, the Central Pacific had laid just more than a hundred miles of track; the Union Pacific had laid five times that.

在五年的建设中，中央太平洋铁路仅铺设了一百多英里的轨道；联合太平洋公司的铺设量是这个数字的五倍。

But with the Sierras finally conquered, Collis P.

但随着塞拉斯山脉最终被征服，科利斯·P.

Huntington wired Charley Crocker that he could supply him money and iron to lay 350 miles of track in 1868.

1868 年，亨廷顿给查理·克罗克 (Charley Crocker) 发了一封电报，表示可以为他提供资金和铁来铺设 350 英里的铁轨。

Could they do it?

他们能做到吗？

"If the Union Company lay more track '68 than we do I will pay the damage," Crocker wired back.

克罗克回电说：“如果联合公司 68 年铺设的轨道比我们多，我将赔偿损失。”

"We will beat the Union Pacific to Salt Lake.

“我们将击败联合太平洋航空公司前往盐湖城。

Stick a pin in there."

在里面插一根别针。”

In the spring of 1868, on a windy plain 8,200 feet up in the Rocky Mountains -- 30 miles west of Cheyenne, 530 west of Omaha -- the Union Pacific Railroad laid rails at the highest point on the transcontinental line and Thomas Durant shot off a telegram to Central Pacific President Leland Stanford, announcing the achievement.

1868 年春天，在落基山脉海拔 8,200 英尺的多风平原上——夏延以西 30 英里，奥马哈以西 530 英里——联合太平洋铁路在横贯大陆线路的最高点铺设了铁轨，托马斯·杜兰特向中央太平洋铁路公司总裁利兰·斯坦福发了一封电报，宣布了这一成就。

Stanford wired back his congratulations, with a sly rejoinder: "May your descent be rapid."

斯坦福回电表示祝贺，并狡猾地反驳道：“愿你的下降迅速。”

The effect of the original railroad legislation was just now becoming clear: it had made the two companies bitter rivals.

最初的铁路立法的影响现在才变得明显：它使两家公司成为了激烈的竞争对手。

This was a zero sum game: every dollar gained by one company was a dollar lost to the other.

这是一场零和游戏：一家公司获得的每一美元，另一家公司都会损失一美元。

And only one company would get the valuable coal fields in western Wyoming and eastern Utah.

只有一家公司能够获得怀俄明州西部和犹他州东部宝贵的煤田。

"I'll be damned," Durant had said, "if I would not prevent the CP from coming more than 200 miles east of California." In the nation's capital, especially, it was beginning to look like the fight would be costly.

“如果我不阻止 CP 来到加州以东 200 英里以外的地方，”杜兰特说道，“我就完蛋了。”尤其是在国家首都，这场战斗开始看起来代价高昂。

David Bain, Writer: We have Congressman Oakes Ames down in Washington; the Credit Mobilier had just declared a dividend.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：国会议员奥克斯·艾姆斯在华盛顿；移动信贷银行刚刚宣布派发股息。

It was quite a high dividend and the congressmen got wind of it.

这是相当高的股息，国会议员们也听到了风声。

And this almost anonymous man from Massachusetts walks out to his desk in the Hall of Congress and all of a sudden he is just absolutely surrounded by congressmen and senators looking to buy into this Credit Mobilier -- to get whatever they could for free, if possible.

这位来自马萨诸塞州的几乎无名的男子走到国会大厅的办公桌前，突然间，他完全被国会议员和参议员包围，他们希望购买这家移动信贷银行的股票——如果可能的话，免费获得他们能得到的一切。

Or perhaps to be loaned the purchase price and he couldn't keep up with it.

或者也许是借出购买价格而他无法跟上。

These were men who would be voting on railroad legislation and yet they were becoming stockholders in the very company that was getting the railroad built.

这些人将对铁路立法进行投票，但他们却成为了修建铁路的公司的股东。

Narrator: Collis P.

叙述者：科利斯·P.

Huntington was passing out cash and stocks, too, in hopes of winning the rights to the Wasatch coal fields east of Salt Lake.

亨廷顿还分发现金和股票，希望赢得盐湖城以东瓦萨奇煤田的使用权。

"If $100,000 will get the line located," he wrote to Hopkins, "I shall get it done."

“如果 10 万美元能找到这条线路，”他写信给霍普金斯，“我就会完成它。”

Central Pacific engineers were at pains to keep the supply trains running through the deep Sierra snows.

中央太平洋的工程师们煞费苦心地保证补给列车在塞拉利昂深雪中运行。

High in the California mountains, carpenters were constructing 37 miles of wooden snowsheds, using 65 million linear feet of lumber.

在加利福尼亚山区的高处，木匠们正在建造 37 英里长的木制雪棚，使用了 6500 万线性英尺的木材。

David Bain, Writer: The Central Pacific had prided itself on its workmanship.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：中央太平洋公司以其精湛的工艺而自豪。

I mean you go up in the Sierras even today and you look at those retaining walls and those culverts that were built by hand by the Chinese, and they're still doing their job, and they're still objects of beauty.

我的意思是，即使在今天，你登上内华达山脉，你会看到那些由中国人手工建造的挡土墙和涵洞，它们仍然在发挥作用，它们仍然是美丽的物体。

But when the railroad got down in 1868 into Nevada, the real rush was on.

但当 1868 年铁路开通进入内华达州时，真正的热潮才开始。

Narrator: "Make it cheap," Huntington told his partners.

旁白：“让它变得便宜，”亨廷顿告诉他的合作伙伴。

"When you can make any time in the construction by using wood instead of iron for culverts, etc., do it, and if we should now and then have a piece of the Road washed out for want of a culvert, we could put one in thereafter."

“当你可以在施工中随时使用木材代替铁来建造涵洞等时，就这样做，如果我们时不时地因为缺少涵洞而将道路的一部分冲掉，我们可以在之后再放一个。”

Wendell Huffman, Historian: Huntington kept saying, build faster.

温德尔·霍夫曼（Wendell Huffman），历史学家：亨廷顿一直说，建设得更快。

Build with the devil behind you and heaven ahead of you.

与魔鬼在你身后，天堂在你前面一起建造。

Build.

建造。

Build.

建造。

Build.

建造。

Narrator: Speed was never easy for the Central Pacific.

旁白：对于中太平洋来说，速度从来都不是一件容易的事。

Everything -- from locomotives to rails to spikes -- still had to be built at iron works in the east and then sailed around the tip of South America to the San Francisco docks, loaded onto steamboats and shipped up the Sacramento River.

所有的东西——从机车到铁轨再到道钉——仍然必须在东部的钢铁厂制造，然后绕过南美洲的尖端航行到旧金山码头，装上汽船，沿着萨克拉门托河运上来。

Schedules rarely held.

日程很少举行。

Much needed spikes, rails, and rail-chairs sat under becalmed sails; a locomotive sank in the Hudson River, parts of another in San Francisco Bay.

急需的钉子、栏杆和栏杆椅位于平静的帆下；一辆机车在哈德逊河沉没，另一辆机车的一部分沉没在旧金山湾。

Rail fell overboard into the Sacramento River.

铁路落入萨克拉门托河。

Shipments that made it to the Sacramento's docks were packed onto trains for a perilous ride forward to the work crew.

到达萨克拉门托码头的货物被装上火车，然后危险地运送到工作人员那里。

By 1868, 51 CP locomotives were pulling freight trains and passenger cars on only one track.

到 1868 年，51 台 CP 机车仅在一条轨道上牵引货运列车和客车。

The Central Pacific used a standard system known as Timetable and Train Order Operations.

中央太平洋铁路使用称为时间表和列车订单操作的标准系统。

Conductors carried timetables, but they had to wait for telegraph orders at every station before they could proceed with their 50-ton locomotives pulling hundreds of tons worth of iron.

售票员携带时刻表，但他们必须在每个车站等待电报指令，然后才能继续使用 50 吨重的机车牵引数百吨的铁。

Racing up and down steep grades, trying to make up lost time, engineers could never be sure what lay around the next curve.

在陡峭的坡度上上下驰骋，试图弥补损失的时间，工程师们永远无法确定下一个弯道周围是什么。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: The Central Pacific and Union Pacific were both what is called dark territory -- there were no wayside signals -- and these written train orders on tissue paper blanks -- called by the crews "flimsies" because they're on flimsy paper -- were all that keeps trains apart.

人类学家弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst）：中央太平洋铁路和联合太平洋铁路都是所谓的黑暗地带——没有路边信号——而这些写在空白薄纸上的列车指令——被工作人员称为“脆弱的”，因为它们写在脆弱的纸上——是列车分开的唯一因素。

Frank Chin: You send a train out.

Frank Chin：你派火车出去。

It's supposed to be at such and such a place at two o'clock.

应该是两点钟在某某地方。

But you have a hot box.

但你有一个热箱。

Or a flat wheel and it could take you three or four hours to split the train, move your part of the train down to where you can leave it safely and then go back for the car that has to be removed.

或者是平轮，你可能需要三到四个小时才能拆开火车，将火车的一部分移到可以安全放置的地方，然后返回必须拆除的车厢。

And meantime, the rest of the train is left on the track.

与此同时，火车的其余部分留在轨道上。

Nobody knows it's there.

没有人知道它在那里。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: It might take a half a mile or a mile to stop one of those trains.

Fred Gamst，人类学家：可能需要半英里或一英里才能停下其中一列火车。

The engineer could try to reverse the motion of the engine and use that as a braking force.

工程师可以尝试反转发动机的运动并将其用作制动力。

But the main braking force was the handbrakes.

但主要制动力是手刹。

Frank Chin: You didn't have air brakes in those days -- so you'd have to tie each brake on each car by hand.

Frank Chin：那时候还没有空气制动器，所以你必须用手系住每辆车上的每个制动器。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: When the engineer whistled, one whistle signal, that means down-brakes, then the brakemen on top of the cars would start tying down the handbrakes.

Fred Gamst，人类学家：当工程师吹口哨时，一声哨子信号就意味着减速，然后车顶的刹车员就会开始拉手刹。

Frank Chin: A brakeman would start from the engine end, and a brakeman would start from the caboose and they'd be working their way down each car, tightening the brakes.

Frank Chin：制动员将从发动机端开始，制动员将从守车开始，他们会沿着每节车厢向下工作，拉紧制动器。

The space between cars is roughly five or six feet.

车厢之间的距离大约有五六英尺。

And, you're liable to slip, especially in the wintertime.

而且，你很容易滑倒，尤其是在冬天。

And if he slips, probably the whole train will crash.

如果他滑倒了，很可能整列火车都会崩溃。

Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: And if the locomotive boiler or any of its pipes were broken, which they would be in a crash, the live steam could cook the meat off the bones of a person in just a matter of half a minute.

弗雷德·加姆斯特（Fred Gamst），人类学家：如果机车锅炉或其任何管道破裂（它们可能会发生碰撞），那么新鲜的蒸汽可以在短短半分钟内将人骨头上的肉煮掉。

Narrator: In one three-month span, there were four separate crashes on the Central Pacific line.

旁白：在三个月的时间里，中央太平洋线发生了四起单独的坠机事故。

These wrecks crippled new locomotives, wasted materials, crushed and burned engineers and brakemen.

这些残骸导致新机车瘫痪、材料浪费、工程师和制动员被压碎和烧伤。

As the pace of construction quickened, the toll increased for both companies.

随着建设步伐的加快，两家公司的损失都增加了。

The nation's great railroad project devoured lives.

这个国家伟大的铁路工程夺走了人们的生命。

Iron workers making rails in Pennsylvania dropped dead from the heat of blast furnaces.

宾夕法尼亚州制造铁轨的钢铁工人因高炉的高温而死亡。

At the tunnels near Donner Summit and across Nevada, hundreds, maybe even thousands, of Chinese workers died while building the line.

在唐纳峰附近和内华达州的隧道中，数百甚至数千名中国工人在修建线路时丧生。

Sue Fawn Chung, Historian: We do know that in 1870, there were six carloads of coffins that were going to be shipped back to China, and the cost of the freight was $10 per coffin.

历史学家Sue Fawn Chung：我们确实知道，1870年，有六车棺材要运回中国，每棺材的运费为10美元。

Beyond that we don't know.

除此之外我们不知道。

Frank Chin: I wonder about their names, and I'll probably wonder about their names until the day I die.

Frank Chin：我想知道他们的名字，而且我可能会想知道他们的名字，直到我死的那一天。

The bodies were just buried by the wayside and later, you know, some of them were moved and went back to China.

尸体只是被埋在路边，后来，你知道，其中一些被转移回中国。

And unfortunately, not one name, the railroads didn't take names.

不幸的是，没有一个名字，铁路没有名字。

They only took bodies.

他们只带走尸体。

Narrator: On the Union Pacific side, the surveyors out front had it worst.

旁白：在联合太平洋这边，前面的测量员的情况最糟糕。

In his personal diary of the summer of 1868, surveyor A.N.

在 1868 年夏天的个人日记中，测量员 A.N.

Ferguson noted 45 men killed by Indians, six drowned, one construction worker killed falling off a bridge, 10 shot dead in robberies or fights and one killed by a stray bullet, while sitting in his tent.

弗格森指出，45 名男子在他的帐篷里被印第安人杀害，其中 6 人被淹死，1 名建筑工人从桥上坠落身亡，10 人在抢劫或打斗中被枪杀，1 人被流弹杀害。

That summer was the most brutal yet for the men on both sides of the line.

那年夏天对于两边的人来说是最残酷的。

Three years and 680 miles into construction, and the UP was finally running into the sort of obstacles the CP had faced in the Sierras.

施工历时三年，历时 680 英里，UP 终于遇到了 CP 在塞拉斯山脉遇到的那种障碍。

In the mountains of eastern Utah, four tunnels had to be dug, one through black limestone and another through quartzite.

在犹他州东部的山区，必须挖掘四条隧道，一条穿过黑色石灰岩，另一条穿过石英岩。

The tunneling and grading work in Utah was contracted out to Brigham Young and his Mormon followers.

犹他州的隧道挖掘和平整工作外包给了杨百翰和他的摩门教追随者。

Behind them, the Union Pacific tracklayers were choking in western Wyoming's alkali desert.

在他们身后，联合太平洋的履带机在怀俄明州西部的碱性沙漠中窒息。

Temperatures rose to more than 100 degrees by day and fell below freezing at night.

白天气温升至 100 多度，夜间降至冰点以下。

Mules died by the dozens, left to rot track-side as the crews moved on.

当工作人员继续前进时，数十匹骡子死亡，被留在赛道边腐烂。

Five hundred miles west, Charley Crocker's Central Pacific crews were working their way across Nevada's 40-mile desert, where they had to haul thousands of gallons of water a day by train to men and livestock.

向西 500 英里处，查理·克罗克 (Charley Crocker) 的中央太平洋工作人员正在穿越内华达州 40 英里的沙漠，每天必须通过火车为人和牲畜运送数千加仑的水。

Curves still had to be bent by hand, literally hammered into an arc.

曲线仍然需要用手弯曲，实际上是锤成弧形。

But the CP had finally learned to build fast.

但 CP 终于学会了快速构建。

In a single day, out in that Nevada desert, Crocker's crews laid more than six miles of rail.

克罗克的工作人员在内华达沙漠中一天之内铺设了超过六英里的铁路。

Speed mattered more than ever now; big money was at stake -- and with the entire nation looking on, so were bragging rights.

现在，速度比以往任何时候都更加重要。巨额资金岌岌可危——全国人民都在注视着，吹牛的权利也同样存在。

When Casement got news of Crocker's six-mile day, he went him one better, laying down seven miles of rail in a single shift.

当凯斯门特得知克罗克一天要跑六英里的消息时，他更加努力，在一个班次内铺设了七英里的铁路。

After three years of exhausting labor, Jack Casement was pushing his crews harder than ever.

经过三年的艰苦劳动，杰克·凯斯门特对他的工作人员提出了比以往任何时候都更加严格的要求。

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: My Dear Husband, I had hoped that tonight the anniversary of our wedding would bring me a love letter from you but I am disappointed.

声音，朗读凯斯门特夫人的来信：我亲爱的丈夫，我本来希望今晚我们的结婚纪念日能给我带来一封来自你的情书，但我很失望。

The fourth week is now passing that you have been away and not a letter yet.

现在已经过去了第四个星期，你已经离开了，但还没有收到一封信。

What is the matter dear Jack?

亲爱的杰克，怎么了？

Your wife, Frank.

你的妻子，弗兰克。

Voice, reading letter from Jack Casement: My Dear Wife, We are bothered to get material to keep us going.

声音，朗读杰克·凯斯门特的来信：我亲爱的妻子，我们很费心去获取让我们继续前进的材料。

We are straining every nerve to get into Salt Lake Valley before the heavy snow falls.

我们正竭尽全力在大雪降临之前进入盐湖谷。

God bless you and keep you happy, Jack.

愿上帝保佑你，让你快乐，杰克。

Voice, reading letter from Mrs. Casement: My Dear Husband, I expect that you are bending all your energies to out-do everybody else and do the biggest thing that was ever heard of.

声音，朗读凯斯门特夫人的来信：我亲爱的丈夫，我希望您能竭尽全力超越其他人，做一件闻所未闻的最伟大的事情。

There are a few things that pay in this world and I hope that is one of them.

这个世界上有一些东西是值得付出的，我希望这是其中之一。

How glad I shall be when the last mile is laid -- Your wife, Frank.

当最后一英里铺设完毕时，我会多么高兴——你的妻子，弗兰克。

Narrator: At the turn of 1869 surveyors, graders and tracklayers were all nearly spent.

旁白：1869 年之际，测量员、平地员和铺路员都快被耗尽了。

And the end was not yet in sight.

结局还没有到来。

The issue of meeting point was still unsettled, and as such, unsettling to both ends of the track.

交汇点的问题仍然悬而未决，因此，轨道的两端都感到不安。

When Collis Huntington met with Oliver Ames and Grenville Dodge in Washington to try to fix a meeting point, it devolved into a shouting match.

当科利斯·亨廷顿在华盛顿与奥利弗·艾姆斯和格伦维尔·道奇会面，试图确定会面地点时，结果演变成一场争吵。

Ames offered a point in the middle.

艾姆斯提出了中间的一点。

"I'll see you damned first," Huntington replied, and suggested the mouth of Weber Canyon.

“我会先见你见鬼的，”亨廷顿回答道，并提到了韦伯峡谷的入口。

Ames stormed out.

艾姆斯冲了出去。

Grading crews from the companies had already gone past one another and were working side by side, leveling two separate lines, sometimes a hundred feet apart.

各公司的平整人员已经并肩工作，平整两条单独的生产线，有时相距一百英尺。

But only one company would be paid for its work.

但只有一家公司会因其工作而获得报酬。

The Union Pacific, especially, was desperate for cash.

尤其是联合太平洋公司，急需现金。

Both the Casement and the Mormon crews were working without pay.

凯斯门特和摩门教的工作人员都在无薪工作。

Meanwhile, Credit Mobilier was paying out huge sums to Durant, the Ames brothers, and other stockholders -- including the wife of Union Pacific's grasping chief engineer, Grenville Dodge.

与此同时，信贷银行向杜兰特、艾姆斯兄弟和其他股东支付了巨额款项，其中包括联合太平洋公司贪婪的总工程师格伦维尔·道奇的妻子。

Stanley Hirshson, Historian: Mrs. Dodge owned a hundred shares of stock in the Credit Mobilier and the dividend was absolutely enormous.

史丹利·赫什森（Stanley Hirshson），历史学家：道奇夫人拥有一百股移动信贷银行的股票，股息绝对是巨大的。

The Credit Mobilier over an 18-month period paid 341 percent.

Credit Mobilier 在 18 个月内支付了 341%。

So if a stock was worth $200 a share -- at a hundred shares -- she got a dividend of almost $70,000.

因此，如果一只股票价值 200 美元每股（100 股），她将获得近 70,000 美元的股息。

They're paying themselves all this money and the Union Pacific has no money left.

他们给自己付了这么多钱，而联合太平洋公司已经没有钱了。

Narrator: A malodorous scent was beginning to surround the entire project; nearly everybody involved was on the take or in the till: from the former UP president who was blackmailing company directors to the clerks on the line who took bribes to look the other way when freight arrived lighter than its weigh-in.

旁白：一股恶臭的气味开始包围整个项目；几乎每个参与其中的人都在收银或收银：从勒索公司董事的前联合总裁，到收受贿赂、在货物到达时轻于称重的货物时视而不见的一线职员。

Government inspectors were rolling over for the companies.

政府检查人员正在对这些公司进行检查。

When they called the Central Pacific's construction through Nevada "worthy of...

当他们称穿过内华达州的中央太平洋建设“值得......

a great national work," Huntington wired Charley Crocker: "I think you must have slept with them." And if construction on the CP side was shoddy, the Union Pacific's shortcuts were criminal.

一部伟大的全国性作品，”亨廷顿给查理·克罗克发电报：“我想你一定和他们睡过。”如果说太平洋铁路一侧的施工质量很差，那么联合太平洋铁路的捷径就是犯罪行为。

Three separate UP bridges collapsed under their own weight, before a locomotive had a chance to test them.

在机车有机会对其进行测试之前，三座独立的 UP 桥因自身重量而倒塌。

"The truth is," opined the New York Herald, "there is cheating on the grandest scale in all these railroads." Many in Congress were in high dudgeon -- especially those who hadn't been cut in on Credit Mobilier stock.

《纽约先驱报》评论道：“事实是，所有这些铁路中都存在着最大规模的作弊行为。”国会中的许多人都非常愤怒——尤其是那些没有买入移动信贷银行股票的人。

With some of the press turning sour, the federal government even delayed payments to the cash-strapped Union Pacific Company.

由于一些媒体的态度变得恶劣，联邦政府甚至推迟了向现金短缺的联合太平洋公司付款。

By April of 1869, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific knew they had better settle their hash, before Congress got punitive.

到 1869 年 4 月，中央太平洋公司和联合太平洋公司知道他们最好在国会受到惩罚之前解决他们的问题。

David Bain, Writer: The two companies finally got together.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：这两家公司终于走到了一起。

And it was Grenville Dodge and Collis Huntington in a meeting place in which there was a lot of stalking out and slamming doors, but they finally decided that what they would do would be that the two railroads would meet in the Promontory Mountains, at a place called Promontory Summit -- the most God-forsaken place that you could imagine.

格伦维尔·道奇和科利斯·亨廷顿在一个会面的地方，那里有很多人大步走出去，摔门而去，但他们最终决定，他们要做的就是两条铁路在海角山脉的一个叫做海角峰会的地方汇合——这是你能想象到的最被上帝遗弃的地方。

Narrator: Collis P.

叙述者：科利斯·P.

Huntington had been forced to give up his dream of owning the Wasatch coal fields, and he wasn't happy about it.

亨廷顿被迫放弃了拥有瓦萨奇煤田的梦想，他对此并不满意。

But for CP construction boss Charley Crocker, eight years of work and worry were finally coming to an end.

但对于 CP 建筑老板查理·克罗克 (Charley Crocker) 来说，八年的工作和忧虑终于结束了。

Charley had one last thing to prove to the Union Pacific work crews.

查理还有最后一件事要向联合太平洋公司的工作人员证明。

Wendell Huffman, Historian: Finally, on almost the last day, the Central Pacific held off, they got organized and they build 10 miles of track in one day.

历史学家温德尔·霍夫曼（Wendell Huffman）：最后，几乎在最后一天，中央太平洋号推迟了，他们组织起来，一天之内修建了 10 英里的轨道。

And in New York, Huntington wrote back and said, "Well, I read in the newspaper that they built 10 miles of track in one day.

在纽约，亨廷顿回信说：“嗯，我在报纸上读到，他们一天之内修建了 10 英里的轨道。

It was an amazing thing.

这是一件了不起的事情。

I wish they would have done it when it made a difference.'

我希望他们能在有所作为时就这样做。

Narrator: In early May, 1869, the competing companies neared the north end of the Great Salt Lake and the day of completion.

旁白：1869年5月初，竞争的公司临近大盐湖北端，临近竣工的日子。

Company VIPs and government dignitaries traveled by private car to Promontory, while the track-layers literally worked their way to the finish line -- stringing the telegraph wires as they went.

公司贵宾和政府要人乘坐私家车前往海角，而轨道铺设者则真正地朝着终点线前进——边走边拉电报线。

On the morning of May 10, 1869 -- under brilliant blue skies -- all gathered at a recently tossed-together settlement in northern Utah.

1869 年 5 月 10 日早晨，在蔚蓝的天空下，所有人都聚集在犹他州北部一个最近乱七八糟的定居点。

And the whole country listened in for news of Promontory.

整个国家都在收听海角的消息。

David Bain, Writer: The rails are almost touching at this point, and the telegraph wires are going from Promontory Summit out across the deserts, across the plains and the mountains; and they're going to the settled places: San Francisco, Sacramento, New York, Boston, Washington.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：此时铁轨几乎已经接触到了，电报线从海角山顶穿过沙漠，穿过平原和山脉；他们要去定居的地方：旧金山、萨克拉门托、纽约、波士顿、华盛顿。

And it's as if there's a gigantic electrical circuit linking the nation together for the first time in history.

就好像历史上第一次有一条巨大的电路将整个国家连接在一起。

In every city and town in the United States, it was like there was a collective, in-drawn, breath taken.

在美国的每一个城镇里，都好像有一个集体，全神贯注，屏住呼吸。

When the signal flashed across the United States, a cannon faced over the Pacific and one over the Atlantic went off simultaneously warning the world what was about to happen.

当信号闪过美国各地时，太平洋上空的一门大炮和大西洋上空的一门大炮同时鸣响，警告世界即将发生什么。

Church bells and fire alarms in every city and town in the nation went off.

全国每个城镇的教堂钟声和火警警报都响起。

Crowds cheered.

人群欢呼起来。

Fireworks went off.

烟花燃放了。

Parades began.

游行开始了。

Thousands of people kneeling in prayer.

数千人跪下祈祷。

It was as if the entire country was suddenly linked at this moment.

仿佛整个国家在这一刻突然联系在一起了。

Narrator: "'Tis Finished!" wrote a Union Pacific surveyor who was there that day.

旁白：“完结了！”一位当天在场的联合太平洋测量师写道。

"This great and mighty enterprise that spans a continent with iron and unites two oceans...

“这个伟大而强大的企业，以钢铁跨越大陆，联结两大洋……

the future is coming and fast too."

未来即将到来，而且速度也很快。”

Much of the original transcontinental railroad line was so poorly built that both companies were forced to begin shoring it up right away.

原来的横贯大陆铁路线的大部分建设质量都很差，两家公司都被迫立即开始加固。

But even that first rickety road had done its job.

但即使是第一条摇摇晃晃的路也完成了它的使命。

By 1880, the two railroad companies were hauling $50 million of freight every year -- much of it between Europe and Asia.

到 1880 年，这两家铁路公司每年运输价值 5000 万美元的货物，其中大部分是在欧洲和亚洲之间运输。

Nearly 2 million acres of land had been taken under the plow by immigrants coming west on the railroad.

近200万英亩的土地被沿铁路西行的移民侵占。

The tattered remains of the Plains Indian tribes had been shoved onto reservations well north.

平原印第安部落的破烂遗骸被推到了北部的保留地。

For those involved in the railroad's making, the results were not always happy ones.

对于那些参与铁路建设的人来说，结果并不总是令人高兴的。

For the Chinese, the thanks of a grateful nation included a series of vicious laws that blocked them from citizenship.

对于中国人来说，感恩的国家的感谢包括一系列阻止他们获得公民身份的恶毒法律。

The Mormons never did receive the money owed them by the Union Pacific.

摩门教徒从未收到联合太平洋公司欠他们的钱。

And though Frank Casement got her husband home for a time, he soon left Ohio to chase fame and fortune building a new road.

尽管弗兰克·凯斯门特曾一度让她丈夫回家，但他很快就离开俄亥俄州去追逐名利，修建一条新路。

When the railroad companies' financial shortcuts became an issue in the 1872 elections, Congress embarked on dramatic and well-publicized hearings.

当铁路公司的财务捷径成为 1872 年选举中的一个问题时，国会开始举行引人注目的、广为人知的听证会。

Collis Huntington and his partners were little help in the investigation.

科利斯·亨廷顿和他的合伙人在调查中几乎没有提供任何帮助。

They were sorry, they said, but they'd thrown away all their records.

他们说，他们很抱歉，但他们已经扔掉了所有的记录。

Thomas C.

托马斯·C.

Durant, as always, slipped the noose.

杜兰特一如既往地摆脱了绞索。

Even as he was testifying, he was buying up more than 700,000 acres of land in upstate New York, developing a new railroad.

就在他作证时，他正在纽约州北部购买超过 70 万英亩的土地，开发一条新铁路。

Congressman Oakes Ames -- who had dealt Credit Mobilier stock to his fellow legislators -- became the lone scapegoat.

国会议员奥克斯·艾姆斯（Oakes Ames）——曾向他的议员同僚出售过美孚银行的股票——成为唯一的替罪羊。

David Bain, Writer: Oakes Ames was tossed out of the Congressional club and virtually everyone else got off scott free.

大卫·贝恩（David Bain），作家：奥克斯·艾姆斯被赶出了国会俱乐部，几乎其他人都摆脱了斯科特的束缚。

Ames retired in disgrace and went back to Massachusetts, and he was dead within a matter of weeks.

艾姆斯耻辱地退休并回到马萨诸塞州，几周后他就去世了。

I think just of accumulated grieves over the whole scandal.

我只想到对整个丑闻所积累的悲伤。

The scandals are important, the corruption, what it says about American society, what it says about what happened to the Plains Indian tribes.

这些丑闻很重要，腐败，它对美国社会的影响，对平原印第安部落发生的事情的影响。

But on the other side of this coin, is how this did bind the nation together and it signaled a new era.

但硬币的另一面是，这如何将国家团结在一起，并标志着一个新时代的到来。

Donald Fixico, Historian: It brought so much change at a rapid, exhilarating rate.

历史学家唐纳德·菲西科：它以快速、令人兴奋的速度带来了如此多的变化。

It meant change in the lives of Indian people, white settlers, even the game in the area.

这意味着印第安人、白人定居者的生活，甚至该地区的比赛都会发生变化。

In a way, it was the mark of an era, an era that meant perhaps even national completeness.

在某种程度上，它是一个时代的标志，这个时代甚至可能意味着国家的完整性。

Carol Bowers, Historian: It was an enormous event for the country.

历史学家卡罗尔·鲍尔斯（Carol Bowers）：这对这个国家来说是一件巨大的事件。

A journey that might have taken six months by wagon could now be accomplished in a matter of a week or two.

原本乘坐马车需要六个月的旅程现在只需一两周即可完成。

Goods became available, readily available.

货物变得可用，随时可用。

Towns sprang up along the railroad.

城镇沿着铁路拔地而起。

Sue Fawn Chung, Historian: You see a whole new world opening up at a critical time in America's development.

Sue Fawn Chung，历史学家：在美国发展的关键时刻，你会看到一个全新的世界正在开放。

The railroad now allowed ideas to go from the East Coast and the West Coast, the newspapers, stories, novels.

铁路现在允许东海岸和西海岸的思想、报纸、故事、小说传播。

So it's not just goods.

所以这不仅仅是商品。

It's not just products.

这不仅仅是产品。

It's not just ideas.

这不仅仅是想法。

It's a whole, in a sense, revolution.

从某种意义上说，这是一场整体的革命。

Phil Roberts, Historian: It did connect the East with the West Coast and it did, in essence, provide us with a continental culture.

历史学家菲尔·罗伯茨：它确实连接了东方和西海岸，从本质上讲，它确实为我们提供了大陆文化。

And it really did bind the country together.

它确实将这个国家团结在一起。

Mark Twain chronicled his experiences living and working out West in his book Roughing It , published in 1872.

马克·吐温在 1872 年出版的《Roughing It》一书中记录了他在西方生活和锻炼的经历。

The makers of Transcontinental Railroad traveled back and forth across the original route of the railroad, looking for locations, stories, and images.

横贯大陆铁路的制作者在原来的铁路路线上来回行驶，寻找地点、故事和图像。

Explore the path of the original railroad through six Western states with producer Mark Zwonitzer as your guide.

在制片人马克·兹沃尼策 (Mark Zwonitzer) 的指导下，探索穿越西部六个州的原始铁路之路。

On May 10, 1869, as the last spike was driven in the Utah desert, the blows were heard across the country.

1869 年 5 月 10 日，当最后一根钉子在犹他州沙漠中被打出时，全国各地都听到了敲击声。

Nitroglycerin was first synthesized in 1864 by chemist Ascanio Sobrero, who destroyed his notes for fear of the damage his highly unstable discovery might cause.

1864 年，化学家阿斯卡尼奥·索布雷罗 (Ascanio Sobrero) 首次合成了硝化甘油，由于担心他的高度不稳定的发现可能造成损害，他销毁了自己的笔记。

Massachusetts newspaper editor Samuel Bowles observed the peculiar representatives of American culture taking root in North Platte and christened what he saw Hell on Wheels .

马萨诸塞州报纸编辑塞缪尔·鲍尔斯（Samuel Bowles）观察到美国文化的独特代表在北普拉特扎根，并将他所看到的命名为“车轮上的地狱”。

The project's contractor, raised the workers' monthly wages four dollars — to $35 a month — in hopes that news of the increase would attract more workers to the summit.

该项目的承包商将工人的月工资提高了 4 美元，达到每月 35 美元，希望加薪的消息能够吸引更多工人参加峰会。

Thomas Durant hired himself to construct the railroad, paying Crédit Mobilier with money given to the Union Pacific by government bonds and risk-taking investors.

托马斯·杜兰特 (Thomas Durant) 自雇修建这条铁路，用政府债券和冒险投资者向联合太平洋公司提供的资金支付给信贷银行 (Crédit Mobilier)。

Getting through the Sierra Nevada would require fortitude, technology — and the sacrifice of many workers' lives.

穿越内华达山脉需要毅力、技术以及许多工人的生命牺牲。

Mileage meant money, power, and a fantastic business opportunity.

里程意味着金钱、权力和绝佳的商机。

Whichever line neared Salt Lake City, Utah first assured Mormon traffic on its route.

无论哪条线路靠近盐湖城，犹他州都会首先保证其路线上的摩门教交通。

As white explorers and settlers entered Western territory, they disrupted a centuries-old culture — that of the Plains Indians.

当白人探险家和定居者进入西部领土时，他们扰乱了有着数百年历史的平原印第安人文化。

In the Pacific Railroad, Asa Whitney found his purpose.

在太平洋铁路，阿萨·惠特尼找到了他的目标。

The letters Jack and Frances Casement exchanged illuminate the experiences of a "railroad widow" and her hard-working husband.

杰克和弗朗西斯·凯门特交换的信件讲述了“铁路寡妇”和她勤奋的丈夫的经历。