The Sun Queen
Narrator: In September, 1980, the Department of Energy was in the midst of building a revolutionary house.
旁白：1980年9月，能源部正在建造一座革命之家。
A recent energy crisis, and early warnings about global warming, had helped to bring the project about.
最近的能源危机和全球变暖的早期预警有助于该项目的实施。
Located in Carlisle, Massachusetts, the remarkable new structure was to have solar heat, solar hot water, solar-powered appliances, and in theory would even sell the excess energy it produced back into the grid.
这座引人注目的新建筑位于马萨诸塞州卡莱尔，拥有太阳能热、太阳能热水、太阳能电器，理论上甚至可以将其产生的多余能源卖回电网。
To pull it off, the DOE made a most unusual call – to an 80-year-old retiree down in Florida.
为了实现这一目标，能源部向佛罗里达州一位 80 岁的退休人员打了一个最不寻常的电话。
Her name was Mária Telkes, and some 40 years earlier, the Hungarian physicist had put solar on the map – so famously, in fact, that she went by the nickname: the Sun Queen.
她的名字叫玛丽亚·泰尔克斯 (Mária Telkes)，大约 40 年前，这位匈牙利物理学家将太阳放在了地图上——事实上，她的绰号是“太阳女王”。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: She was ahead of her time and she was asking the right questions.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：她走在了时代的前面，她提出了正确的问题。
We have this amazing thermal source with incredible power.
我们拥有这种令人惊叹的热源，具有令人难以置信的功率。
Why have we not harnessed it?
为什么我们没有利用它？
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: She saw something that I don't think anybody conceived of at that point.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：她看到了一些我认为当时没有人想到的东西。
She imagined that the world could get free power from the sun.
她想象世界可以从太阳获得免费的电力。
I mean if one person’s vision is here, her vision was way out there.
我的意思是，如果一个人的愿景在这里，那么她的愿景就在那里。
A.L.
A.L.
Hu, Architect: Telkes believed that there was a moral imperative to understanding solar energy, not just as an alternative, but as a way to kind of live our lives.
胡，建筑师：特尔克斯认为，理解太阳能具有道德上的必要性，不仅将其作为一种替代方案，而且将其作为我们生活的一种方式。
Archival, Mária Telkes: I would like to show you some very simple things like a house.
档案，Mária Telkes：我想向您展示一些非常简单的东西，例如房子。
The sun’s energy is absorbed and is transformed into heat.
太阳的能量被吸收并转化为热量。
Daniel Daniel A.
丹尼尔 丹尼尔 A.
Barber, Historian: What Telkes showed us was that this ambition to think differently about energy sources not only changes the way that we build, the way that we produce heat, the kind of technologies of those systems, but also shifts our expectations, right?
历史学家巴伯：特尔克斯向我们展示的是，这种以不同方式思考能源的雄心不仅改变了我们的建造方式、产生热量的方式以及这些系统的技术类型，而且还改变了我们的期望，对吧？
Shifts the way that we think about living in a house.
改变我们对居住房屋的看法。
Narrator: Telkes came out of retirement to help make the Carlisle house a success.
旁白：特尔克斯复出后帮助卡莱尔之家取得了成功。
When it came to all things solar, her passion bordered on obsession.
当谈到太阳能的所有事物时，她的热情近乎痴迷。
Her vision was as legendary as her engineering, but her ambition came at a cost.
她的愿景和她的工程技术一样具有传奇色彩，但她的野心是有代价的。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: Mária was a solar evangelist.
Andrew Nemethy，记者：Mária 是一位太阳能布道者。
Like a lot of evangelists, she was pushing her vision very strongly.
像许多传道者一样，她非常强烈地推动自己的愿景。
Anybody who disagreed with that vision kind of rubbed up against her the wrong way.
任何不同意这种愿景的人都会以错误的方式与她产生冲突。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: This was not something that would have been easy as a woman, but she was determined to change the world in the face of what must have been enormous odds.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：对于一名女性来说，这并不是一件容易的事，但面对巨大的困难，她决心改变世界。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: Telkes knew you can’t just wait for society to be ready.
萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯（Sara Shreve-Price），历史学家：特尔克斯知道你不能只是等待社会做好准备。
You need to sell them on this idea.
你需要向他们推销这个想法。
You need to convince them that this is the time for the idea.
你需要让他们相信现在是提出这个想法的时候了。
If we want the sustainable future, we don't just need the technology, we need to want the technology.
如果我们想要可持续的未来，我们不仅需要技术，而且需要技术。
Scene One: The Spark New York Harbor, 1932
场景一：纽约港的 Spark，1932 年
Narrator: Mária Telkes, 32, physicist, had just arrived from her native Hungary.
旁白：Mária Telkes，32 岁，物理学家，刚从祖国匈牙利来到这里。
Her immigration papers gave her height, and marital status, but said nothing about her most distinguishing trait of all.
她的移民文件给出了她的身高和婚姻状况，但没有提及她最显着的特征。
Telkes was a scientist on a mission, and had traveled to the United States for one reason, and one reason alone.
特尔克斯是一位肩负使命的科学家，他前往美国的原因只有一个。
By the early 1930s, America was in the throes of a solar revolution that had been going on for more than 50 years.
到 20 世纪 30 年代初，美国正处于持续了 50 多年的太阳能革命的阵痛之中。
In 1884, the first experimental solar panels had gone up on a New York City rooftop.
1884 年，第一块实验性太阳能电池板安装在纽约市的屋顶上。
Four years later, the American chemist Edward Weston developed the world’s first solar cell.
四年后，美国化学家爱德华·韦斯顿开发出世界上第一个太阳能电池。
While on an ostrich farm in Pasadena, one inventor installed a giant solar motor, some 35 feet across, that pumped enough water from the local well to make the dry California ground a verdant paradise.
在帕萨迪纳的一个鸵鸟养殖场，一位发明家安装了一台约 35 英尺宽的巨型太阳能发动机，它从当地的水井中抽出足够的水，使干燥的加利福尼亚地面成为青翠的天堂。
In any single issue of Scientific American, subscribers might read about a solar printing press that could reel off 500 copies an hour, or a host of solar gizmos that did everything from pumping sewage to distilling alcohol.
在《科学美国人》的任何一期中，订阅者都可能会读到每小时可印出 500 份的太阳能印刷机，或者许多能完成从抽污水到蒸馏酒精等各种功能的太阳能小发明。
At the turn of the century, there were so many solar hot water heaters in homes in Florida that one resident remarked, “I can’t remember a house on the block […] that didn’t have [one].”
在世纪之交，佛罗里达州的家庭里有如此多的太阳能热水器，一位居民评论道：“我不记得该街区有哪所房子没有[一个]。”
Ivan Penn, Journalist: It was this age of all this talk about solar.
记者 Ivan Penn：在这个时代，人们都在谈论太阳能。
It’s about 1905, Albert Einstein is looking at, what they called, the photoelectric effect.
大约在 1905 年，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦正在研究他们所说的光电效应。
The release of electrons when light hit metal.
当光照射金属时释放电子。
Which is essential in using solar to make electricity.
这对于使用太阳能发电至关重要。
By 1931, Edison is in a conversation with Henry Ford and he says, “I’d put my money on the sun and solar energy” in how we ultimately are going to power the world.
1931 年，爱迪生在与亨利·福特的一次谈话中说道，“我会把钱花在太阳和太阳能上”，以帮助我们最终为世界提供电力。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: Telkes is passionately interested in trying to chase the power of the sun.
萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯（Sara Shreve-Price），历史学家：特尔克斯对追逐太阳的力量充满热情。
In the United States, in the 1930s there are some really interesting projects, but there haven't been giant successes, and I think she sees that as a real possibility.
在 20 世纪 30 年代的美国，有一些非常有趣的项目，但还没有取得巨大的成功，我认为她认为这是一个真正的可能性。
Narrator: Telkes had been obsessed since she was a girl.
旁白：特尔克斯从小就痴迷于此。
The brilliant daughter of wealthy Hungarian bankers, born December 12th, 1900, in Budapest, she’d explain, “I was only 11 when [I became] intensively curious about chemistry.
她是匈牙利富有银行家的聪明女儿，1900 年 12 月 12 日出生于布达佩斯，她解释道：“[我对化学产生了强烈的好奇心时，我才 11 岁。
I purchased test tubes and chemical glassware, and a small garden house became my ‘laboratory.’”
我购买了试管和化学玻璃器皿，一座小花园洋房成了我的‘实验室’。”
From the beginning, she had bold plans to put her science to work.
从一开始，她就制定了将她的科学付诸实践的大胆计划。
Adam Rome, Historian: Telkes, growing up in Hungary, coal was the dominant form of energy.
Adam Rome，历史学家：特尔克斯在匈牙利长大，煤炭是主要的能源形式。
Coal was incredibly polluting.
煤炭的污染极其严重。
You could have days, in the middle of the day, when it seemed like night, or like an eclipse where you couldn't see the sun.
你可能会有这样的日子，在中午，看起来像黑夜，或者像日食一样，你看不到太阳。
So there were people early in the 20th Century who did imagine a coal-less future.
因此，20 世纪初确实有人想象过一个无煤的未来。
And Telkes, growing up in that time, begins envisioning alternative sources of energy.
特尔克斯在那个时代长大，开始设想替代能源。
Narrator: By the time she was 24, Telkes had earned a doctorate in physical chemistry from the University of Budapest.
旁白：24 岁时，特尔克斯获得了布达佩斯大学物理化学博士学位。
“It is the things supposed to be impossible that interest me,” Telkes would explain.
“我感兴趣的是那些被认为是不可能的事情，”特尔克斯解释道。
“I like to do things they say cannot be done.”
“我喜欢做他们认为做不到的事情。”
In May, 1932, Telkes arrived in Cleveland, where by day, she had gotten a job as a researcher at a biomedical facility.
1932 年 5 月，特尔克斯抵达克利夫兰，白天，她在一家生物医学机构找到了一份研究员的工作。
But by night, she was developing and refining a device called a thermopile to convert sunlight into electricity.
但到了晚上，她正在开发和改进一种称为热电堆的装置，将阳光转化为电能。
Her work caught the attention of the press, and in 1934 she was hailed as one of the most interesting women of the year, alongside a tennis champion, a Rockefeller, and child actress prodigy Shirley Temple.
她的作品引起了媒体的关注，1934 年，她被誉为当年最有趣的女性之一，与网球冠军、洛克菲勒和童星神童秀兰·邓波儿齐名。
As one reporter who met her at that time remarked, “Miss Telkes [...] is a scientist, everything else bores her.”
正如一位当时见到她的记者所说，“特尔克斯小姐……是一名科学家，其他一切都让她感到厌烦。”
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: She was adventurous.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：她很有冒险精神。
She came over to the United States and basically fell in love with it.
她来到美国并基本上爱上了它。
She loved the country and she loved the freedom that she had to use her immense skills and her vision for whatever she came up with.
她热爱这个国家，也热爱自由，因为她必须运用自己精湛的技能和愿景来实现自己的想法。
Narrator: Now, in April, 1938, out in Boston, she heard about an exciting new project starting up, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
旁白：1938 年 4 月，在波士顿，她听说麻省理工学院正在启动一个令人兴奋的新项目。
The Solar Energy Fund launched to bring together the very best minds on the solar question.
太阳能基金的成立旨在汇集太阳能问题上最优秀的人才。
As university leaders told the press, “The store of energy in our familiar fuels, while great, is not inexhaustible” – so it was high time for bold new thinking.
正如大学领导告诉媒体的那样，“我们熟悉的燃料中储存的能量虽然很大，但并非取之不尽用之不竭”——所以现在是大胆新思维的时候了。
Telkes immediately wrote to them, “I read with great interest the announcement of [the Solar Project]…
特尔克斯立即写信给他们，“我怀着极大的兴趣阅读了[太阳能项目]的公告......
may I have the opportunity of a personal interview?”
我可以有个人面试的机会吗？”
Her timing couldn’t have been better.
她的时机再好不过了。
Her new thermopile could, by her own estimation, turn sunlight into power some ten times more efficiently than any existing technology.
据她自己估计，她的新型热电堆将阳光转化为电能的效率比任何现有技术高出十倍左右。
When she initially wasn’t offered a position, she traveled to Boston with her prototype, determined to impress the all-male committee.
当她最初没有获得职位时，她带着自己的原型前往波士顿，决心给全男性委员会留下深刻印象。
The gambit worked, and in July, 1939, she got the job.
这个策略奏效了，1939 年 7 月，她得到了这份工作。
But just as it all was falling into place, everything changed.
但正当一切都步入正轨时，一切都变了。
Narrator: As war broke out across Europe, Asia, and the United States, it unleashed an energy crisis the likes of which the world had never seen.
旁白：战争在欧洲、亚洲和美国爆发，引发了世界前所未见的能源危机。
By June, 1943, petroleum reserves on the East Coast dropped to an all-time low.
到 1943 年 6 月，东海岸的石油储量降至历史最低点。
People needed a ration card just to fill up the tank…
人们需要一张配给卡才能加满油箱……
Narrator: …
旁白：……
and were forbidden from driving faster than 35 miles an hour – known, henceforth, as “Victory Speed.” Making matters worse, Nazi U-Boats were sinking so many oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico that beaches were stained ink black.
并被禁止驾驶速度超过每小时 35 英里——此后被称为“胜利速度”。更糟糕的是，纳粹潜艇在墨西哥湾击沉了如此多的油轮，以至于海滩被染成了墨黑色。
Adam Rome, Historian: World War II accentuates the sense that a reckoning is coming.
历史学家亚当·罗马：第二次世界大战凸显了清算即将到来的感觉。
It really was, partly, a war about resources.
从某种程度上来说，这确实是一场关于资源的战争。
Archival VO: Use trains.
档案旁白：乘坐火车。
Use bus lines.
使用公交线路。
Share cars going to work.
共享汽车去上班。
Adam Rome, Historian: And so it’s this incredible period of government promotion of conservation.
历史学家亚当·罗马：所以这是政府促进保护的令人难以置信的时期。
So people were hyper-conscious of their fuel use.
因此，人们对燃料的使用非常敏感。
And, for a while, this idea really mattered for a lot of Americans.
有一段时间，这个想法对很多美国人来说确实很重要。
Narrator: Telkes’ solar dream was more urgent than ever, but the MIT Solar Project was put on ice for the duration of the war.
旁白：特尔克斯的太阳能梦想比以往任何时候都更加迫切，但麻省理工学院的太阳能项目在战争期间被搁置。
The entire team was reassigned to help with the war effort, and Telkes threw herself into the work, alongside her collaborator, the head of the Solar Energy Project, a chemical engineer named Hoyt Hottel.
整个团队被重新分配以帮助战争工作，特尔克斯和她的合作者、太阳能项目的负责人、一位名叫霍伊特·霍特尔的化学工程师一起投入到工作中。
Two years younger than Telkes, Hottel had blazed his own brilliant path, enrolling at the University of Indiana at the age of 15, and pursuing his own research just as single-mindedly as she did.
比特尔克斯小两岁的霍特尔开辟了自己的辉煌道路，15 岁时进入印第安纳大学，并像她一样一心一意地追求自己的研究。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: Hoyt Hottel was an ambitious young scientist doing a lot of good, sort of basic, scientific research, but he was certainly not somebody who was interested in rocking the boat.
历史学家巴伯：霍伊特·霍特尔是一位雄心勃勃的年轻科学家，做了很多有益的基础科学研究，但他肯定不是一个热衷于破坏现状的人。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: For Hoyt Hottel, science is about knowledge.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：对于霍伊特·霍特尔（Hoyt Hottel）来说，科学就是知识。
He's very interested in big, important academic ideas, but he is not very interested in how any of these things might apply in the world.
他对宏大、重要的学术思想非常感兴趣，但他对这些东西如何应用于世界不太感兴趣。
Whereas for Mária Telkes, science is about making lives better, making the world better.
而对于 Mária Telkes 来说，科学就是让生活变得更美好，让世界变得更美好。
She is interested in science from a humanitarian perspective.
她对人道主义角度的科学感兴趣。
Narrator: Now, Hottle and Telkes were trying to solve an urgent problem.
旁白：现在，霍特尔和特尔克斯正试图解决一个紧迫的问题。
Combat in the Pacific was seeing hundreds of men shot down every week, and entire crews were sometimes adrift for days at a time.
在太平洋的战斗中，每周都会有数百人被击落，整个机组人员有时会在海上漂流数天。
The assignment was for a small, portable device that could transform salt water to something that the boys could drink.
任务是开发一种小型便携式设备，可以将盐水转化为男孩们可以饮用的东西。
Telkes immediately saw the opportunity to use the power of the sun.
特尔克斯立即看到了利用太阳力量的机会。
Archival, Mária Telkes: Here is the limitless ocean with its saltwater, which is unfit for drinking.
档案，Mária Telkes：这里是无边无际的海洋，里面有咸水，不适合饮用。
Solar stills were developed to produce fresh water from sea water with a simple device, which looks like a bubble.
太阳能蒸馏器的开发是为了通过一个看起来像气泡的简单装置从海水中生产淡水。
Narrator: The solar still was ingenuous in its simplicity.
旁白：太阳能蒸馏器的简单性非常巧妙。
As the sun evaporated the sea water, it turned to vapor inside the “bubble,” before recondensing – having left all the salt behind.
当太阳蒸发海水时，海水在重新凝结之前变成了“气泡”内的蒸气，留下了所有的盐。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: She comes up with a very innovative and completely practicable model and it is now up to Hottel, as the head of the project, to actually manufacture the device that Mária Telkes has invented.
性别研究学者 Olivia Meikle：她提出了一个非常创新且完全可行的模型，现在由项目负责人 Hottel 来实际制造 Mária Telkes 发明的设备。
Narrator: By the summer of 1945, as combat wound down in the Pacific, the government had already placed an order for 100,000 solar stills, but not a one had made it down the assembly line.
旁白：到 1945 年夏天，随着太平洋战争的结束，政府已经订购了 100,000 台太阳能蒸馏器，但没有一台下线。
Meanwhile, at MIT, Hoyt Hottel, ever the perfectionist, kept switching manufacturers and quibbling with Telkes over design details – unwilling to commit until he believed his exacting standards had been met.
与此同时，在麻省理工学院，永远的完美主义者霍伊特·霍特尔不断更换制造商，并与特尔克斯就设计细节争论不休——在他相信自己的严格标准得到满足之前，他不愿意做出承诺。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: Telkes is counting lives that could have been saved every month that this is delayed.
性别研究学者奥利维亚·米克尔 (Olivia Meikle)：泰克斯正在计算每个月因推迟而本可以挽救的生命。
And that's not the way that Hoyt Hottel sees the world.
但这并不是霍伊特·霍特尔看待世界的方式。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: It’s probably one of the reasons why they were at loggerheads with each other is, you know, one person, very specific, very methodical.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：这可能是他们彼此争执的原因之一，你知道，一个人，非常具体，非常有条理。
And another person saying, ‘No, we need to run real quickly.’ That's about as far apart as you can get for two scientists who are interested in working on the same thing.
另一个人说，“不，我们需要跑得很快。”对于两个对同一件事感兴趣的科学家来说，这已经是最大的分歧了。
Narrator: Despite being hailed in the press as a major scientific breakthrough, the solar still was never deployed in combat.
旁白：尽管太阳能蒸馏器被媒体誉为一项重大科学突破，但它从未在战斗中部署过。
By the time the design hit the desk at the patent office, the war was over.
当设计被送到专利局时，战争已经结束了。
But if Telkes was frustrated with the delay, there was no record of it.
但即使特尔克斯对延误感到沮丧，也没有任何记录。
She already had her eye on an even bigger challenge.
她已经着眼于更大的挑战。
Narrator: Everywhere, in the year 1945, people were picking themselves up, and getting acquainted with a brave new world.
旁白：1945年，各地的人们都在振作起来，开始熟悉一个美丽的新世界。
The art was iconoclastic.
艺术是反传统的。
The philosophers were radical.
哲学家们是激进的。
And the architects were promising nothing short of a spectacular utopia, as a wave of modernism swept the nation – from Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian style, to Fred Keck’s House of Tomorrow, to Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion Dwelling.
随着现代主义浪潮席卷全国，从弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特 (Frank Lloyd Wright) 的 Usonian 风格，到弗雷德·凯克 (Fred Keck) 的明日之屋 (House of Tomorrow)，再到巴克敏斯特·富勒 (Buckminster Fuller) 的 Dymaxion 住宅，建筑师们承诺打造一个壮观的乌托邦。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: Modernism draws on this belief that technology is an answer.
萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯（Sara Shreve-Price），历史学家：现代主义借鉴了技术就是答案的信念。
That we're going to shake off the old 19th-century past, and we’re going to go into this new world structured by these technological capabilities that we never could have dreamt of before.
我们将摆脱 19 世纪的过去，进入这个由我们以前从未梦想过的技术能力构建的新世界。
Narrator: There was a particular interest in houses that could be more energy efficient – since, though the fighting had ended, the wartime scarcities had not.
旁白：人们对能源效率更高的房屋特别感兴趣，因为尽管战斗已经结束，但战时的物资匮乏并未结束。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: There was a real sense of energy insecurity.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：确实存在能源不安全感。
And all of a sudden, here comes Mária Telkes saying solar could be the answer.
突然，玛丽亚·特尔克斯 (Mária Telkes) 说太阳能可能是答案。
Narrator: Telkes’s latest idea was to double down on turning the MIT Solar Project into a laboratory for developing a radical kind of experimental house – one that would be heated, entirely, by the sun.
旁白：特尔克斯的最新想法是加倍努力将麻省理工学院的太阳能项目变成一个实验室，以开发一种激进的实验房屋——一种完全由太阳加热的房屋。
The term ‘solar house’ dated to 1940, when an article in the Chicago Tribune had announced “a new type of suburb home.” There were a few so-called “solar” houses already in existence – some in the midwest, one in Colorado.
“太阳能房屋”一词可以追溯到 1940 年，当时《芝加哥论坛报》上的一篇文章宣布了“一种新型的郊区住宅”。一些所谓的“太阳能”房屋已经存在——一些位于中西部，一处位于科罗拉多州。
Making it all possible, was a new kind of technology – a revolution in the form of a glass window.
使这一切成为可能的是一种新技术——玻璃窗形式的革命。
Archival VO: The modern insulating window delivers year-round comfort.
档案画外音：现代隔热窗提供全年舒适感。
Each room is cooler in summer, warmer in winter – with big cash savings on your fuel bill.
每个房间夏季凉爽，冬季温暖，可节省大量燃油费用。
Narrator: The public fell in love with the cost savings and efficiency of the new insulated glass, and, suddenly, by the late 1940s, so-called “solar” homes were everywhere.
旁白：公众爱上了新型隔热玻璃的成本节约和效率，突然之间，到了 20 世纪 40 年代末，所谓的“太阳能”住宅随处可见。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: If you would’ve opened a magazine on any given month you would have seen an article on solar housing about as commonly as you would see one today.
Sara Shreve-Price，历史学家：如果您在任何特定月份打开一本杂志，您都会看到一篇有关太阳能房屋的文章，其频率与您今天看到的文章一样普遍。
Narrator: As popular as the first generation of solar houses was, they all had a big issue.
旁白：尽管第一代太阳房很受欢迎，但它们都有一个大问题。
No matter how well they worked on sunny days, not a single one could hold heat overnight.
无论晴天工作得多么好，没有一个能在夜间保持热量。
“The critical problem [of solar energy],” Telkes explained, “[is] storage.”
“[太阳能]的关键问题，”特尔克斯解释说，“[是]存储。”
Ivan Penn, Journalist: Thermal energy storage was seen as the holy grail for solar power.
记者 Ivan Penn：热能存储被视为太阳能发电的圣杯。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: Telkes was incredibly farsighted in focusing on the storage problem.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：特尔克斯在关注存储问题方面具有令人难以置信的远见。
Harnessing that huge amount of energy, which then disappears over the course of the day, is not something that's readily done.
利用这一巨大的能量，然后在一天中消失，并不是一件容易做到的事情。
Narrator: As the leader of the Solar Project, Hoyt Hottel had proposed one answer: water.
旁白：作为太阳能项目的领导者，霍伊特·霍特尔提出了一个答案：水。
Widely available, comfortably familiar, and, possibly, good enough at retaining heat to pull it off.
广泛使用，舒适熟悉，并且可能在保持热量方面足够好以实现这一目标。
Hottel himself drew up plans for an experimental structure to test a number of variables.
霍特尔本人起草了一个实验结构的计划来测试许多变量。
Designed to maintain a comfortable 72-degree temperature through the winter, the building would eventually go by the name Solar One.
该建筑旨在整个冬季保持 72 度的舒适温度，最终被命名为 Solar One。
A.L.
A.L.
Hu, Architect: The Solar One house featured an array of collectors on the roof, covered by glass, and then there were copper tubes that were, sort of, absorbing the heat of the sun.
胡建筑师：太阳能一号房屋的屋顶上有一系列集热器，上面覆盖着玻璃，还有一些铜管，可以吸收太阳的热量。
And that was being brought down to a tank of water that was underneath the house.
这些水被带到房子下面的一个水箱里。
This was a huge tank of water.
这是一个巨大的水箱。
Because water does retain heat, but the system didn’t work very efficiently.
因为水确实能保留热量，但系统的工作效率并不高。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: You would have to have an economically unfeasible amount of hot water to make this work.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：你必须拥有经济上不可行的热水量才能完成这项工作。
Mária Telkes comes at this from a totally different perspective.
玛丽亚·特尔克斯 (Mária Telkes) 从完全不同的角度看待这一问题。
She's very fascinated with phase change materials.
她对相变材料非常着迷。
Narrator: Phase change materials: chemical compounds able to store and release energy as they pass from solid, to liquid, to vapor.
旁白：相变材料：从固体到液体、到蒸汽时能够储存和释放能量的化合物。
In the lab, Telkes had recently been experimenting with a phase change chemical called Glauber’s Salts – after the Hungarian scientist who’d discovered them way back in the 17th century.
在实验室里，特尔克斯最近一直在试验一种名为芒硝的相变化学物质——以早在 17 世纪发现这种物质的匈牙利科学家的名字命名。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: Glauber’s Salts are quite extraordinary.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：芒硝非常非凡。
As they absorb the solar radiation from the sun, they liquify.
当它们吸收来自太阳的太阳辐射时，它们就会液化。
If you wanted to sort of use the heat from that, then you allowed them to solidify.
如果你想利用其中的热量，那么你就让它们凝固。
Narrator: Telkes’ recent tests suggested that the Salts were much more efficient than water, and that they could potentially hold heat for more than a week at a time.
旁白：特尔克斯最近的测试表明，盐的效率比水高得多，而且它们一次可以保温一周以上。
She reasoned that they might be made to work like a radiator and solar battery all in one.
她推断它们可能会像散热器和太阳能电池一样工作。
But something about her idea worried Hoyt Hottel.
但她的想法有些让霍伊特·霍特尔感到担忧。
The salts were an unknown quantity.
这些盐的数量未知。
And a new experiment would take staff and students away from other projects that he deemed more worthwhile.
一项新的实验将使教职员工和学生远离他认为更有价值的其他项目。
Underlying it all, was the fact that he didn’t buy into her vision.
这一切的背后，是他不相信她的愿景。
“A healthy pessimism,” he once said, “is better than rosy optimism for approaching the problem of solar heating.”
他曾经说过：“对于解决太阳能供暖问题，健康的悲观情绪比乐观的乐观情绪要好。”
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: Hottel worried about whether Glauber’s Salts will be useful or will work at all, but Mária Telkes is not somebody who’s going to be told ‘no’.
性别研究学者奥利维亚·米克尔 (Olivia Meikle)：霍特尔担心芒硝是否有用或根本有效，但玛丽亚·特尔克斯 (Mária Telkes) 不会被告知“不”。
She’s a woman who believes in her own abilities and she’s going to do whatever she can do to make that happen.
她是一个相信自己能力的女人，她会尽一切努力来实现这一目标。
Narrator: By the fall of 1946, Telkes had brought Hottel around, and won his approval for a new structure – staking her reputation on the technology she’d been developing.
旁白：到 1946 年秋天，特尔克斯说服了霍特尔，并赢得了他对新结构的批准——将她的声誉押在了她一直在开发的技术上。
More of a laboratory than a house, Solar Two abandoned its predecessor’s homey façade for a wall of vertical solar collectors.
“太阳能二号”与其说是一座房子，不如说是一个实验室，它放弃了前身温馨的外观，取而代之的是一堵垂直太阳能集热器墙。
Inside, was a series of seven compartments, each behind a refrigerated door, each running a different trial, testing everything from construction materials to heat retention.
里面有一系列七个隔间，每个隔间都在冷藏门后面，每个隔间都进行不同的试验，测试从建筑材料到保温性的一切。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: From the perspective of, say rational, scientific, experimentation, the project didn't really work.
历史学家巴伯：从理性、科学、实验的角度来看，这个项目并没有真正发挥作用。
It leaked.
它泄漏了。
The salt, the chemical solutions themselves leaked.
盐、化学溶液本身都泄漏了。
The heating systems leaked, the refrigerator doors leaked.
供暖系统漏水，冰箱门漏水。
I mean, everything was a bit more leaky than desired to maintain good experimental conditions.
我的意思是，一切都比维持良好实验条件所需的泄漏要多一些。
Narrator: To Hottel, the leakiness and loss of heat were, in his words, “excessive,” and he was unconvinced by the Glauber’s Salts, which he concluded were more trouble than they were worth.
旁白：对霍特尔来说，用他的话说，泄漏和热量损失“过多”，而且他对芒硝不相信，他认为芒硝带来的麻烦大于其价值。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: It’s a major failure.
性别研究学者奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle）：这是一个重大失败。
But very much framed as her failure, not a team failure, and a particularly embarrassing failure, which again seems a very disproportionate response to what is a pretty standard scientific failure, that ‘we tried it, it didn’t work, next.’
但很大程度上被认为是她的失败，而不是团队的失败，而且是一次特别令人尴尬的失败，这似乎又是对相当标准的科学失败的一个非常不成比例的反应，即“我们尝试过，但没有成功。”
Narrator: Hottel now believed he’d been proved right.
旁白：霍特尔现在相信事实证明他是对的。
And with the failure of Solar Two as ammunition, Telkes was removed from the solar project altogether.
随着太阳能二号作为弹药的失败，特尔克斯被完全从太阳能项目中移除。
Yet she was undeterred.
但她并没有被吓倒。
Being sidelined only entrenched her confidence in her own ideas.
被边缘化只会增强她对自己想法的信心。
“Conservative engineers treat this subject with near derision,” she remarked doggedly, “ but sunlight will be used as a source of energy sooner or later.”
“保守的工程师近乎嘲笑这个话题，”她顽强地说道，“但阳光迟早会被用作能源。”
Narrator: In Boston, while Telkes was figuring out her next move, there was, on the other side of the city, an architect as unique in their field as Telkes was in hers.
旁白：在波士顿，当特尔克斯正在考虑她的下一步行动时，在城市的另一边，有一位建筑师在他们的领域中独一无二，就像特尔克斯在她的领域一样。
Her name was Eleanor Raymond.
她的名字叫埃莉诺·雷蒙德。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: Eleanor Raymond was a woman who had built arguably the first modern design structure in the northeast.
巴伯，历史学家：埃莉诺·雷蒙德是一位女性，她建造了东北部第一座现代设计建筑。
She was not held back by the traditional styles that were quite prevalent in New England at the time.
她并没有被当时新英格兰相当流行的传统风格所阻碍。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: She was an architect when women didn't do that.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：当女性还没有这样做时，她是一名建筑师。
She was one of the first women to become an architect in Boston.
她是波士顿第一批成为建筑师的女性之一。
And she was gay as was generally acknowledged, she had a full time partner in the ‘40s.
众所周知，她是同性恋，她在 40 年代有一个全职伴侣。
And so she was a groundbreaker in so many ways.
因此，她在很多方面都是开创性的。
A.L.
A.L.
Hu, Architect: Eleanor Raymond was very much like Telkes, thinking about innovation and making new things.
胡，建筑师：埃莉诺·雷蒙德（Eleanor Raymond）非常像特尔克斯（Telkes），思考创新和创造新事物。
She was already kind of pushing the boundaries of what a house could be.
她已经在某种程度上突破了房子的界限。
Narrator: Back in 1940, Raymond had built a house made entirely of plywood.
旁白：早在 1940 年，雷蒙德就建造了一座完全由胶合板建造的房子。
The first of its kind in the world, the experimental structure had been commissioned by Amelia Peabody, a wealthy Boston philanthropist whose support for innovative architecture was but one of her many passions.
该实验性建筑是世界上第一座此类建筑，是由波士顿富有的慈善家阿米莉亚·皮博迪 (Amelia Peabody) 委托建造的，她对创新建筑的支持只是她众多热情之一。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: Telkes had been searching for an angel, that was the actual term that she used, she wanted to find an angel who was going to fund her efforts.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：特尔克斯一直在寻找天使，这是她实际使用的术语，她想找到一位能够资助她的努力的天使。
She discovers Amelia Peabody, who had the wealth and the standing to sponsor projects.
她发现了阿米莉亚·皮博迪，她有足够的财富和地位来赞助项目。
Narrator: There was money for the Boston Museum of Science, for new medical research, for injured military veterans, and for the renovation of the Old North Church.
旁白：这些资金用于波士顿科学博物馆、新的医学研究、受伤的退伍军人以及老北教堂的翻修。
Now, in the summer of 1947, over at MIT, Telkes had been shunted off into the Metallurgy Department, but remained laser focused: she was going to build the “sun-heated” home – not for experimental data collection, but for an actual family to live in.
现在，1947 年夏天，在麻省理工学院，特尔克斯被调到冶金系，但她仍然专注于激光：她要建造“太阳加热”的房屋 - 不是为了实验数据收集，而是为了一个真正的家庭居住。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: This is a completely new way of doing this.
性别研究学者 Olivia Meikle：这是一种全新的方法。
This isn't a shed on the grounds of a university.
这不是大学校园里的棚子。
This is a real test of the concept.
这是对这个概念的真正考验。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: It wasn't sort of following what you would consider to be the normative ways that we would fully test and fully develop before sort of leaping into a technology that is actually meant to be in people's homes.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：这并没有遵循您所认为的规范方式，我们在跳入实际上应该在人们家中使用的技术之前会充分测试和充分开发。
Narrator: Without MIT’s approval, Telkes wrote to Raymond and Peabody.
旁白：未经麻省理工学院批准，特尔克斯写信给雷蒙德和皮博迪。
At first, Peabody wasn’t convinced.
起初，皮博迪并不相信。
“There is little prospect of me building another house at present,” she replied to Telkes in August.
“目前我建造另一栋房子的可能性很小，”她在八月份回复泰克斯。
But then came the winter of 1947.
但 1947 年冬天到来了。
As temperatures dropped and a blizzard buried Boston in snow, distribution problems and labor unrest left the entire northeast facing a crippling coal and heating oil shortage.
随着气温下降，暴风雪将波士顿埋在雪中，分配问题和劳工骚乱使整个东北部面临严重的煤炭和取暖油短缺。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: There was no heating oil in a frigid winter and you can imagine that people were not only cold, but also scared and also wondering, what are we doing as a country.
历史学家巴伯：寒冷的冬天没有取暖油，可以想象，人们不仅感到寒冷，而且感到害怕，也想知道我们作为一个国家在做什么。
How are we going to sort of work ourselves through this, kind of, transition to the post-war world?
我们将如何自己完成向战后世界的过渡？
Narrator: By early spring, as the crisis receded, Telkes convinced Amelia Peabody to support the world’s first solar-heated home.
旁白：到了早春，随着危机的消退，特尔克斯说服阿米莉亚·皮博迪支持建造世界上第一个太阳能供暖房屋。
Raymond celebrated it as a “historic moment,” adding in a letter to Telkes that it was a “thrilling time” for all.
雷蒙德庆祝这是一个“历史性时刻”，并在给特尔克斯的信中补充说，这对所有人来说都是一个“激动人心的时刻”。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: Telkes realizes at MIT, if everyone else isn’t going to let you be part, you need to find kindred spirits.
萨拉·什里夫-普赖斯 (Sara Shreve-Price)，历史学家：特尔克斯在麻省理工学院意识到，如果其他人都不会让你参与其中，你就需要找到志趣相投的人。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: And they developed this sort of dream team, right, of the engineer, the architect, and the funding source.
历史学家巴伯：他们组建了这种由工程师、建筑师和资金来源组成的梦之队，对吧。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: I call them, this visionary troika, that got together to do something that nobody else had done.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：我称他们为富有远见的三驾马车，他们聚集在一起做了一些其他人没有做过的事情。
Narrator: Their plan was for a two story, five-room dwelling, perfect, for one post-war family.
旁白：他们的计划是为一个战后家庭建造一栋两层五居室的住宅，非常完美。
But nowhere, in those 800-square feet would there be any space, whatsoever, for a furnace.
但在那 800 平方英尺的空间里，根本没有地方可以放置熔炉。
Narrator: A few weeks later, Raymond drove Telkes through the countryside beyond Boston, studying their prospects, before choosing a site on Peabody’s sprawling 800-acre property in Dover, Massachusetts.
旁白：几周后，雷蒙德开着泰尔克斯穿过波士顿以外的乡村，研究他们的前景，然后在皮博迪位于马萨诸塞州多佛市占地 800 英亩的土地上选址。
Come summer, Raymond invited Telkes out to her house on the coast in Gloucester.
夏天到来时，雷蒙德邀请特尔克斯去她位于格洛斯特海岸的家。
“We had an entertaining time,” Raymond wrote in her diary, but with Telkes around it was all science, all the time.
“我们度过了一段愉快的时光，”雷蒙德在她的日记中写道，但有特尔克斯在身边，这一切一直都是科学。
“A versatile lady,” Raymond concluded, “and an amusing one – in small doses.”
“一位多才多艺的女士，”雷蒙德总结道，“而且是一位有趣的女士——小剂量的。”
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: She was very entertaining, but she was a woman who wanted to be the center of attention.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：她非常有趣，但她是一个想成为关注焦点的女人。
And you might say she was unsteerable away from her vision.
你可能会说她无法摆脱自己的愿景。
People didn’t know what to make of her.
人们不知道该怎么看待她。
Joy Olgyay, Telkes Goddaughter: Mária had a few idiosyncrasies.
乔伊·奥尔吉耶（Joy Olgyay），特尔克斯教女：玛丽亚有一些特质。
Her mind was somewhere else, it was not on these everyday things.
她的心思在别处，不在这些日常琐事上。
She did not cook, she did not sew.
她不会做饭，也不会缝纫。
She was a visionary and thinking about projects and problems, and the other things didn’t matter.
她是一个有远见的人，会思考项目和问题，其他事情并不重要。
Narrator: Now, with construction underway, Telkes could hardly wait, suggesting to Raymond that a “speeding-up spell” be used when the slightest delay was encountered.
旁白：现在施工正在进行，泰尔克斯迫不及待，向雷蒙德建议，稍有延误就使用“加速咒”。
Built by a team of local carpenters, out of strange and new materials, the Dover Sun House was designed to be different from the start.
多佛太阳屋由当地木匠团队使用奇怪的新材料建造，其设计从一开始就与众不同。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: It was unusual and radical.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：这是不寻常且激进的。
So everything about that house was, sort of, created out of whole cloth.
所以那栋房子的一切都是用整块布料创造出来的。
Narrator: Finally completed in November, 1948, and painted red to match the average New England barn, Raymond arranged for a group of students from a local women’s college to do the interior design.
旁白：终于在1948年11月竣工，并被漆成了红色，以配合新英格兰谷仓的一般风格，雷蒙德安排了一群当地女子学院的学生进行室内设计。
Even the new age furnishings were meant to prove, beyond a doubt, that this was the house of the future.
即使是新时代的家具也毫无疑问地证明了这是未来的房子。
The boldest solar experiment ever attempted officially launched – when, on Christmas Eve, a family of three showed up, and moved in.
有史以来最大胆的太阳能实验正式启动——圣诞节前夕，一家三口出现并搬了进来。
Their arrival at the Dover Sun House was practically a miracle in and of itself.
他们到达多佛太阳之家本身就是一个奇迹。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: Mária was a second cousin of my father, but I don’t know that they knew each other very well.
安德鲁·内梅西 (Andrew Nemethy)，多佛之家居民：玛丽亚是我父亲的远房表弟，但我不知道他们彼此很了解。
My parents fled Hungary when the war ended and the Soviet soldiers started coming.
战争结束后，苏联士兵开始到来，我的父母逃离了匈牙利。
We were one of the last people to get across the border before the border closed.
我们是边境关闭前最后一批越过边境的人之一。
Mária must have learned that we were here in the United States.
玛丽亚一定知道我们在美国。
She was a very savvy PR woman and she may have realized it was a savvy marketing maneuver.
她是一位非常精明的公关女性，她可能已经意识到这是一种精明的营销策略。
That was part of why she selected us to live in that house.
这就是她选择我们住在那所房子里的部分原因。
My parents coming to a new country–I can only imagine what they thought, “We're gonna live in a solar house.
我的父母来到一个新的国家——我只能想象他们的想法，“我们要住在阳光房里。
Okay, what is a solar house?”
好吧，什么是太阳房？”
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: For Telkes, it's a pretty ambitious idea that you are going to put a family with a little kid into this house with this technology that maybe works, but you don't know for sure.
Sara Shreve-Price，历史学家：对于 Telkes 来说，这是一个非常雄心勃勃的想法，你将用这项技术将一个有小孩的家庭安置在这所房子里，这种技术可能有效，但你不确定。
And so it's not just an experiment in, do these salts work?
所以这不仅仅是一个实验，这些盐有用吗？
It's an experiment in, is this a nice way to live?
这是一个实验，这是一种好的生活方式吗？
Narrator: On the inside, there was the part of the house for the Nemethys – with vast windows, and a lovely kitchen.
旁白：里面是内梅蒂斯房子的一部分——有巨大的窗户和一个可爱的厨房。
And then, barely concealed, there was the tech.
然后，几乎没有隐藏的就是技术。
Large stores of Glauber’s Salts – some 4,275 gallons in all – that worked, without a peep, a hiss, or a hum, mostly behind the scenes.
大量的芒硝仓库——总共约 4,275 加仑——在没有任何窥视、嘶嘶声或嗡嗡声的情况下工作，大部分都是在幕后进行的。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: The upper floor was almost entirely the heating system.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：上层几乎完全是供暖系统。
So these big windows, which are 12 feet tall.
这些大窗户高 12 英尺。
And then all this ducting that would collect the heat and then blow it down into cans of Glauber’s Salts.
然后所有这些管道都会收集热量，然后将其吹入芒硝罐中。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: These salts, they'd absorb the heat from the sun, they liquify.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：这些盐会吸收太阳的热量，然后液化。
And they would sit there in that molten phase.
他们会在那个熔化阶段坐在那里。
The way that it released the heat–you’d have air blowing across the salt and when they solidified, they gave up their heat.
它释放热量的方式——让空气吹过盐，当它们凝固时，它们就会释放热量。
If you don't want the heat, the air is shut off.
如果你不需要暖气，空气就会被关闭。
That part, very, very simple type of system.
这部分是非常非常简单的系统类型。
Narrator: The Nemethys, meanwhile, were to track every minor modulation.
旁白：与此同时，内梅蒂斯要跟踪每一个细微的调制。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: Telkes says, ‘You're going to be the guinea pigs but you're also going to be the scientists, you're going to be monitoring all of the progress, giving us all of the information, all of the data that we need.
性别研究学者奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle）：特尔克斯说，“你将成为小白鼠，但你也将成为科学家，你将监控所有进展，为我们提供我们需要的所有信息和数据。”
What's the temperature every day?
每天的气温是多少？
How is everything working?’
一切进展如何？
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: I think my father sort of enjoyed it.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：我想我父亲有点喜欢它。
I mean, he knew a lot about it, he got down into the nitty-gritty of the temperature and the angle of the sun.
我的意思是，他对此了解很多，他了解温度和太阳角度的具体情况。
It gave him, probably, a sense of purpose.
这可能给了他一种目标感。
Narrator: Despite the dreadful New England weather, this time Telkes’ gamble paid off.
旁白：尽管新英格兰的天气很糟糕，但这一次特尔克斯的赌博得到了回报。
“When the door opened,” Raymond remembered, “I was greeted with a flood of warm air that I knew had to have come only from the sun, and that was really thrilling.”
“当门打开时，”雷蒙德回忆道，“迎接我的是一股温暖的空气，我知道这肯定只是来自太阳，这真的很令人兴奋。”
By March, the little family had made it through the worst of winter – all without a single drop of oil.
到了三月，这个小家庭已经度过了最难熬的冬天，而且没有一滴油。
Archival VO, Cartoon Sun: ‘Everyday I send you a thousand times more power than you use in a year.’
卡通太阳档案画外音：“我每天给你发送的电量比你一年使用的电量多一千倍。”
Archival VO: Cartoon Man: ‘Anybody working on getting power direct from ol’ blow-hard here?’
档案画外音：卡通人：“有人致力于直接从这里的老家伙那里获取电力吗？”
Archival VO, Man: ‘ Oh yes, but not nearly enough.
档案旁白，伙计：‘哦，是的，但还不够。
There’s other important research in changing sunlight into power.
在将阳光转化为电能方面还有其他重要的研究。
Dr. Mária Telkes has designed a model house in Massachusetts in which solar heat is ingeniously collected, stored, and distributed throughout the whole house.’
Mária Telkes 博士在马萨诸塞州设计了一座样板房，其中太阳能热量被巧妙地收集、储存并分布在整个房子里。
Narrator: Practically overnight, the Dover Sun House had become one of the most famous buildings in the country.
旁白：几乎一夜之间，多佛太阳屋就成为了全国最著名的建筑之一。
“The house is so different,” the Boston Globe admitted, “that you would not, on first sight, take it to be a dwelling.
“这所房子是如此不同，”《波士顿环球报》承认，“乍一看，你不会认为它是一个住宅。
But, right now, it is probably the most important house in the temperate zone.”
但是，现在，它可能是温带地区最重要的房子。”
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: The Dover Sun House is really built with publicity in mind.
历史学家萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯 (Sara Shreve-Price)：多佛太阳屋的建造确实考虑到了宣传。
It’s an experiment, but it’s an experiment for the world to see.
这是一个实验，但这是一个让全世界看到的实验。
Narrator: First came the press, then the eager onlookers.
旁白：首先是媒体，然后是热切的围观者。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: On Wednesdays and on Sundays from two to five, we would give tours of the house.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：每周三和周日凌晨两点到五点，我们都会参观这座房子。
So we had to have the house nice and neat and clean.
所以我们必须让房子漂亮、整洁、干净。
We would open up the house and the people would come in and my father would answer questions and they would look at my mother, smiling–as she had a great smile and was very personable.
我们打开房子，人们进来，我父亲会回答问题，他们会微笑着看着我母亲——因为她笑容灿烂，非常有风度。
So for three hours it was a little bit like living in a fish bowl.
所以这三个小时有点像生活在鱼缸里。
The house was closed at 5 o’clock, but my father once told a story about people who were up in the attic where they could see where all the solar panels were.
房子五点钟就关门了，但我父亲曾经讲过一个故事，说的是人们在阁楼上可以看到所有太阳能电池板的位置。
They were still up there after the tour had closed.
巡演结束后他们还在那里。
Narrator: From January through August, 1949, more than 3,000 people trekked to Dover.
旁白：1949 年 1 月至 8 月，超过 3000 人长途跋涉来到多佛。
Increasingly, Telkes herself was at the center of the media frenzy.
特尔克斯本人逐渐成为媒体狂热的焦点。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: I’m not surprised that that happened.
安德鲁·内梅西 (Andrew Nemethy)，多佛之家居民：发生这种事我并不感到惊讶。
Mária was exotic, partly because of her accent, partly because she was attractive, she was vivacious, and she was a tremendous promoter.
玛丽亚具有异国情调，部分是因为她的口音，部分是因为她很有吸引力，她很活泼，而且她是一个巨大的推动者。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: She's not just a scientist.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：她不仅仅是一名科学家。
She's glamorous, she's entertaining, she's fun.
她很迷人，她很有趣，她很有趣。
A lot of the society writers especially will describe her as a 'stunning blonde Hungarian scientist' or a 'stunning auburn Hungarian scientist'.
许多学会作家尤其将她描述为“令人惊叹的金发匈牙利科学家”或“令人惊叹的赤褐色匈牙利科学家”。
So it's very telling to see how she is talked about, but, at the same time, she was going to use that attention to move the project forward.
因此，看到人们如何谈论她是非常有说服力的，但与此同时，她将利用这种关注来推动项目向前发展。
Narrator: Over the next three years, Telkes continued to make headlines, this time with the culmination of her wartime research: a solar desalinator, over 50 feet long, that could churn out 44 gallons of drinking water a day.
旁白：在接下来的三年里，特尔克斯继续成为头条新闻，这一次她的战时研究达到了顶峰：一种太阳能海水淡化器，长 50 多英尺，每天可以生产 44 加仑的饮用水。
Then, in Chicago, in 1952, Telkes won the inaugural award from the Society of Women Engineers, and her work was celebrated at the Statler Hotel.
1952 年，特尔克斯在芝加哥获得了女工程师协会颁发的首届奖项，她的工作在斯塔特勒酒店举行了庆祝活动。
Next came an honorary degree, from St. Joseph’s College.
接下来是圣约瑟夫学院的荣誉学位。
By now, Telkes’ fame extended well beyond the United States.
到目前为止，特尔克斯的名声已经远远超出了美国。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: My parents had a clipping service, so any time Mária Telkes showed up anywhere, we were sent clippings.
Andrew Nemethy，多佛之家居民：我的父母有剪报服务，所以无论何时 Mária Telkes 出现在任何地方，我们都会收到剪报。
We got them from the Hindustan Times, we got them from German newspapers, we got them from all around the world.
我们从《印度斯坦时报》、德国报纸、世界各地获得这些信息。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: She acquires one of my favorite nicknames, the Sun Queen, which is such a good example of her interaction with the public, right?
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：她获得了我最喜欢的绰号之一，“太阳女王”，这是她与公众互动的一个很好的例子，对吗？
If you have someone named the Sun Queen talking to you about solar power, it just got way more exciting.
如果有一位名叫太阳女王的人与您谈论太阳能，事情就会变得更加令人兴奋。
Narrator: Meanwhile, back in Boston, the MIT Solar Project had been operating for 14 years, with three experimental houses, but not much discovered.
旁白：与此同时，在波士顿，麻省理工学院的太阳能项目已经运行了 14 年，拥有三个实验房，但发现的东西并不多。
And now, Hoyt Hottel had had to watch as Telkes’ private project captured the imagination of the world.
现在，霍伊特·霍特尔不得不眼睁睁地看着特尔克斯的私人项目激发了世界的想象力。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: Everyone is thrilled about the Dover Sun House except the men at MIT.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：除了麻省理工学院的男人之外，每个人都对多佛太阳之家感到兴奋。
Even though this is not affiliated with MIT, they are furious that she is getting attention for it and the way they’re talking about it in letters behind the scenes is really illustrative.
尽管这与麻省理工学院无关，但他们对她因此而受到关注感到愤怒，而且他们在幕后信件中谈论这件事的方式确实很说明问题。
There’s a lot of use of words like, ‘she refuses to submit’.
书中经常使用“她拒绝屈服”之类的词语。
‘She won’t be controlled’.
“她不会被控制”。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: She is too aggressive.
历史学家莎拉·什里夫-普莱斯（Sara Shreve-Price）：她太咄咄逼人了。
She is pushy.
她很咄咄逼人。
Essentially it reads like the problem is that she is an assertive woman, and there’s just no forgiving her for that.
从本质上讲，问题在于她是一个自信的女人，对此我们无法原谅她。
Narrator: On June 30th, 1953, Mária Telkes was fired from MIT.
旁白：1953 年 6 月 30 日，Mária Telkes 被麻省理工学院解雇。
The report, which had led to her termination concluded, “It is hoped that the Telkes incident is now effectively closed.”
导致她被解雇的报告总结道：“希望特尔克斯事件现在已经有效结束。”
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: To be assertive enough to have any success in this world that is dead-set on not encouraging people like you to do the things that you do.
萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯（Sara Shreve-Price），历史学家：要足够自信，才能在这个坚决不鼓励像你这样的人做你所做的事情的世界上取得成功。
How could you get anywhere in that world and not be labeled a troublesome woman?
你怎么能在那个世界上取得任何成就而不被贴上麻烦女人的标签呢？
Archival VO: Now, the dream of tomorrow!
档案旁白：现在，明天的梦想！
Narrator: By the early 1950s, post-war scarcities were over and Americans were being told that the space-age future they’d been promised was close at hand.
旁白：到了 20 世纪 50 年代初，战后的物资匮乏已经结束，美国人被告知他们所承诺的太空时代的未来即将到来。
The veterans of World War II were now starting families.
第二次世界大战的退伍军人现在开始组建家庭。
They were buying new houses and new cars – and absolutely everything in between.
他们购买新房子和新车——以及介于两者之间的一切。
Adam Rome, Historian: There's this tremendous push for mass produced house stuff.
Adam Rome，历史学家：人们对大规模生产家居用品有着巨大的推动力。
I call it the suburban industrial complex, that once you own a home, you're going to buy a zillion other things, from appliances for the kitchen, to lawnmowers, it goes on and on and on.
我称之为郊区工业综合体，一旦你拥有了一套房子，你就会购买无数的其他东西，从厨房用具到割草机，这样的情况不断发生。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: The postwar period was one where the consumption of everything just exploded, right?
历史学家巴伯：战后时期是所有东西的消费都呈爆炸式增长的时期，对吗？
I mean, just shot straight up.
我的意思是，直接射击。
Archival VO: You’ll find a scene like this in nearly every village, town, and city throughout the country.
档案画外音：在全国几乎每个村庄、城镇和城市，你都会发现这样的场景。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: In the 1950’s, you live this life of post-war ease.
历史学家萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯 (Sara Shreve-Price)：在 1950 年代，你们过着战后安逸的生活。
And so in a world of abundance, consuming inefficiently becomes part of being American.
因此，在一个物质丰富的世界里，低效消费成为美国人的一部分。
Narrator: American was at a crossroads, and Mária Telkes forged ahead on her own distinctly different path.
旁白：美国正处于十字路口，玛丽亚·特尔克斯在她自己截然不同的道路上奋勇前进。
In the fall of 1953 she left Boston, and found a new position, at New York University, as well as a welcome distraction in the form of a brand new challenge.
1953 年秋天，她离开波士顿，在纽约大学找到了一个新职位，同时也接受了一项全新的挑战，这是一种值得欢迎的消遣。
Archival Newsreel VO: Here on the campus of New York University, Dr. Telkes and a student assistant bring the solar stove outdoors to a sunlit location.
档案新闻片画外音：在纽约大学校园里，特尔克斯博士和一名学生助理将太阳能炉带到户外阳光照射的地方。
Both the simplicity and light weight of the stove are apparent…
炉子的简单性和重量轻是显而易见的……
Narrator: Able to reach temperatures of 400 degrees, and costing only four dollars, the Telkes oven was small enough to carry, yet could cook a complete dinner for a family of four.
旁白：Telkes 烤箱的温度可达 400 度，价格仅为 4 美元，体积小，便于携带，但可以为一家四口做一顿完整的晚餐。
By her side was her new research associate, Stella Andrássy.
她身边是她的新研究员斯特拉·安德拉西 (Stella Andrássy)。
Joy Olgyay, Telkes Goddaughter: Stella Andrássy was my grandmother.
乔伊·奥尔吉耶（Joy Olgyay），特尔克斯教女：斯特拉·安德拉西（Stella Andrássy）是我的祖母。
She was the one who would do field trials with these things, then come back and give Mária feedback on it.
她会用这些东西进行现场试验，然后回来向玛丽亚提供反馈。
And they'd work on it, try another design.
他们会研究它，尝试另一种设计。
I remember being by the swimming pool, my grandparents' house and my grandmother making dinner made from the solar stove.
我记得在游泳池边、祖父母家和祖母用太阳能炉做的晚餐。
Everything would be cooking while we were in the swimming pool, swimming around.
当我们在游泳池里游泳时，一切都会做饭。
Narrator: Solar oven devotees could even turn to a cookbook, written by Andrássy herself.
旁白：太阳能烤箱爱好者甚至可以查阅安德拉西本人撰写的一本食谱。
There were recipes for sunbaked chicken, and “soupe soleil,” and peach pie.
有日光烤鸡、“太阳汤”和桃子派的食谱。
Telkes, meanwhile, did her best to capture the attention of the press.
与此同时，特尔克斯竭尽全力吸引媒体的注意。
“Everything,” she told one reporter, “seems to taste so much better when it is cooked by the sun.” And she’d tell anyone who’d listen that the solar oven was designed to change the world.
“所有的东西，”她告诉一位记者，“在阳光的照射下，味道似乎都好得多。”她会告诉任何愿意听的人，太阳能烤箱的设计目的是改变世界。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: Telkes realizes what technological innovation can do is not provide some sleek, beautiful car for the rich and famous.
历史学家巴伯：特尔克斯意识到技术创新所能做的并不是为富人和名人提供一些时尚、漂亮的汽车。
What technology can do is dramatically improve quality of life, and especially for those who have fewer capacities to do that on their own.
技术可以做的是极大地提高生活质量，特别是对于那些自己能力较差的人来说。
Archival, Mária Telkes: Of course the stove is not for the regions where you have gas or electricity freely available.
档案，Mária Telkes：当然，炉子不适合免费提供天然气或电力的地区。
This is primarily for the tropics, stoves such as this, would be available at a very low cost.
这主要适用于热带地区，像这样的炉子将以非常低的成本获得。
People may have a new lease on life and improve their civilization.
人们可能会获得新生，文明也会得到提高。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: Telkes continues to demonstrate her deep care for humanity.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：特尔克斯继续表现出她对人类的深切关怀。
She really imagined this as revolutionizing the way that people lived.
她确实认为这将彻底改变人们的生活方式。
Narrator: Now, in November, 1955, Telkes was off to Arizona, stove in tow.
旁白：1955 年 11 月，特尔克斯带着炉子前往亚利桑那州。
She was joining 1,000 other scientists, from 35 countries, for the first ever World Symposium on Applied Solar Energy.
她与来自 35 个国家的 1,000 名科学家一起参加了首届应用太阳能世界研讨会。
The theme was “The Sun at Work,” and the mood was ebullient.
主题是“工作中的太阳”，气氛热烈。
“Remember when people were worrying about running out of fuel?” one journalist enthused.
“还记得人们担心燃料耗尽的时候吗？”一位记者兴奋不已。
“Now [...] the prospect is that there will be more power [...] at hand [...] for as long as life exists on earth.”
“现在[...]的前景是，只要地球上存在生命，就会有更多的力量[...]手头[...]。”
There were enough solar gizmos to fill a fairground – everything from a solar telephone from Georgia to a solar car engine from Italy.
太阳能小玩意足以填满整个游乐场——从乔治亚州的太阳能电话到意大利的太阳能汽车发动机，应有尽有。
Telkes met with colleagues from solar research programs recently started in Minnesota, Wisconsin, France, and Israel – and old friends were there as well.
特尔克斯会见了最近在明尼苏达州、威斯康星州、法国和以色列启动的太阳能研究项目的同事——老朋友也在场。
It was inevitable that Hoyt Hottel and Telkes would eventually cross paths, as they did now under the desert sun.
霍伊特·霍特尔和特尔克斯最终不可避免地会相遇，就像他们现在在沙漠的阳光下一样。
But as Hottel gave his lecture on solar heating, it was what he left unsaid that could have changed the world.
但当霍特尔发表有关太阳能供暖的演讲时，他没有说出口的话可能会改变世界。
Recently, the federal government had come to MIT with a request for help with an unprecedented new venture – they wanted to build an all-solar neighborhood, something to show the world, and to trial the technology on a bigger stage.
最近，联邦政府向麻省理工学院寻求一项前所未有的新项目的帮助——他们希望建立一个全太阳能社区，向世界展示，并在更大的舞台上试验这项技术。
But Hottel was dubious.
但霍特尔对此表示怀疑。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: Hoyt Hottel built his whole identity, his whole reputation around thinking stuff wouldn't work, and loudly being the voice of skepticism on projects that he’s supposed to be championing.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：霍伊特·霍特尔（Hoyt Hottel）的整个身份和声誉都是围绕着“认为事情行不通”以及大声对他本应倡导的项目表示怀疑的声音而建立的。
Narrator: And there was something else feeding his apprehension.
旁白：还有其他一些事情加剧了他的忧虑。
Telkes had been involved in the inception of the idea, and Hottel was well aware that he’d need to work with her again if they were now to attempt it.
特尔克斯参与了这个想法的提出，霍特尔很清楚，如果他们现在要尝试的话，他需要再次与她合作。
“Our team,” stated the reply, “does not feel ready for demonstration housing.”
“我们的团队，”回复说，“感觉还没有准备好建造示范住房。”
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: A neighborhood built with government backing, what kind of an opportunity would that have been?
Sara Shreve-Price，历史学家：在政府支持下建立的社区，这会是一个什么样的机会？
It just breaks your heart to think that he would turn this down specifically because he didn't want her involved.
一想到他会因为不想让她参与其中而特意拒绝这件事，你就会心碎。
Narrator: Despite the setbacks and the roadblocks, Telkes remained steadfast in her belief in a solar future.
旁白：尽管遇到了挫折和障碍，特尔克斯仍然坚定地相信太阳能的未来。
As the years rolled on, Mária Telkes’ “solar life,” as she called it, became increasingly nomadic.
随着岁月的流逝，玛丽亚·特尔克斯（Mária Telkes）的“太阳生活”变得越来越游牧。
She moved to Princeton, then Virginia, then Delaware.
她搬到了普林斯顿，然后是弗吉尼亚，然后是特拉华。
Everywhere, she continued to push her vision of solar-heated homes for the masses.
她继续在各地继续推动为大众建造太阳能供暖房屋的愿景。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist: She actually talked about mass-producing solar houses, which was considered, probably, a very radical and bizarre idea then.
安德鲁·内梅西（Andrew Nemethy），记者：她实际上谈到了大规模生产太阳能房屋，这在当时可能被认为是一个非常激进和奇怪的想法。
Narrator: She put together a pitch for the production of a solar house that would cost only $10,000 and could be prefabricated in great numbers.
旁白：她策划了一个太阳能房屋的生产计划，该房屋的成本仅为 10,000 美元，并且可以大量预制。
“All of the people with whom I have discussed the house expressed a great deal of interest,” one construction company responded, “but the cost of the solar [equipment] scared everyone to death.”
“所有与我讨论过这座房子的人都表现出了极大的兴趣，”一家建筑公司回应道，“但太阳能[设备]的成本把每个人都吓死了。”
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: It’s just another example of how she really was kind of indomitable.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：这只是她真正不屈不挠的另一个例子。
She said, “Fine.
她说：“好吧。
I will go find other places to do this, I will find other ways to pursue these things that I think could be important.”
我会去寻找其他地方来做这件事，我会找到其他方法来追求这些我认为可能重要的事情。”
Narrator: She would go on to develop solar houses for private industry, and, later, the University of Delaware.
旁白：她继续为私营企业开发太阳能房屋，后来又为特拉华大学开发太阳能房屋。
And through it all, she kept in touch with Eleanor Raymond and Amelia Peabody, sending them copies of her latest research papers, and briefing them on her newest plans for putting the sun to work.
在整个过程中，她与埃莉诺·雷蒙德和阿米莉亚·皮博迪保持联系，向他们发送她最新研究论文的副本，并向他们介绍她让太阳发挥作用的最新计划。
But as Telkes looked to the future, in Dover, the dream had begun to crumble.
但当特尔克斯在多佛展望未来时，他的梦想开始破灭。
As the radical little Sun House neared its sixth birthday, problems had emerged that were increasingly impossible to ignore.
随着激进的小太阳屋临近六岁生日，越来越难以忽视的问题出现了。
Twice already, the solar collector had had to be completely rebuilt, and that wasn’t all.
太阳能集热器已经两次必须完全重建，但这还不是全部。
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: My mother called up and said, “We're freezing in here.” And so they gave us some electric heaters that we ran, and when the people came in to tour the house, we hid the electric heaters.
多佛之家 (Dover House) 居民安德鲁·内梅西 (Andrew Nemethy)：我妈妈打电话来说，“我们这里冻坏了。”所以他们给了我们一些我们运行的电加热器，当人们进来参观房子时，我们把电加热器藏起来。
That was the reality of it.
这就是事实。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: There were a lot of moving parts that were subject to failure.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：有很多活动部件容易出现故障。
And unfortunately many of them failed.
不幸的是，他们中的许多人都失败了。
There was corrosion in the materials.
材料出现腐蚀。
There was a lot of difficulty with the glazing systems.
玻璃系统存在很多困难。
The concepts were spot on.
这些概念是正确的。
The ideas were absolutely brilliant, but once these systems started failing, it couldn’t heat the house.
这些想法绝对是绝妙的，但一旦这些系统开始出现故障，它就无法给房子供暖了。
Narrator: Finally, Amelia Peabody wrote to Telkes to give her the news.
旁白：最后，阿米莉亚·皮博迪写信给特尔克斯告诉她这个消息。
She was going to install a furnace.
她打算安装一个炉子。
“I am sure that this will be a blow to you,” she wrote, “but I don’t think it's doing the reputation of the house any good to have it so cold that it is unlivable.”
“我确信这对你来说是一个打击，”她写道，“但我认为天气如此寒冷以至于不适合居住对房子的声誉没有任何好处。”
Andrew Nemethy, Dover House Resident: My mother was interviewed for a book about what it was like to live in the house and she told the truth, which was after a few years, it was not working very well.
安德鲁·内梅西 (Andrew Nemethy)，多佛之家居民：我的母亲因一本关于住在这所房子里的感觉的书接受采访，她说了实话，几年后，它的效果并不太好。
Mária basically upbraided my mother for telling that story and she cut off contact with my parents.
玛丽亚基本上责备了我母亲讲这个故事，并切断了与我父母的联系。
Narrator: But Telkes refused to see the end of the experiment as a failure.
旁白：但是特尔克斯并不认为实验的结束是失败的。
She kept working on refinements, kept trying to recapture the attention of the press.
她不断地改进，不断地试图重新引起媒体的注意。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: She was disappointed and spent a lot of time and wrote a bunch of articles, arguing that, in fact, it was a success, and here's all the reasons why, and the sort of things that were figured out.
巴伯，历史学家：她很失望，花了很多时间写了一堆文章，认为事实上这是成功的，这就是所有的原因，以及已经弄清楚的事情。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: She believed she was right.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：她相信自己是对的。
And she believed she had an answer and she believed it was heroic.
她相信她有答案，而且她相信这是英雄。
And it’s hard to dislodge people off those train tracks.
而且很难将人们从铁轨上赶走。
Narrator: But the reality was even harder to stomach than the failure of the Dover house.
旁白：但现实比多佛之家的失败更难以忍受。
The structure had been designed to be the poster child of the solar revolution; the fallout augured poorly for that future.
该结构被设计为太阳能革命的典型代表。其后果对未来来说是一个不好的预兆。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: Architecture took this hard turn away from solar technologies.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：建筑学艰难地摆脱了太阳能技术。
For decades, architects did not want to touch anything that involved a solar technology.
几十年来，建筑师不想接触任何涉及太阳能技术的东西。
They remembered it as failures, as systems that didn't deliver what they were supposed to deliver.
他们认为这是失败，因为系统没有提供他们应该提供的服务。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: More than any other solar experiment, nothing else would even get close to the Dover Sun House in terms of media coverage.
历史学家萨拉·施里夫-普莱斯 (Sara Shreve-Price)：就媒体报道而言，没有任何其他太阳实验能与多佛太阳屋相媲美。
The double-edged sword is if there is a failure, there is just no forgiving that.
双刃剑是，如果失败了，就无法原谅。
Narrator: The bad news about America’s most famous solar house came at the worst possible time.
旁白：关于美国最著名的太阳房的坏消息是在最糟糕的时候传来的。
The American economy was roaring, and all that growth required an entirely different source of power – one that was already close at hand.
美国经济正在蓬勃发展，所有的增长都需要一种完全不同的动力来源——一种已经近在咫尺的动力来源。
Adam Rome, Historian: In the ’50s, energy becomes the most abundant and cheapest in American history.
历史学家 Adam Rome：在 50 年代，能源成为美国历史上最丰富、最便宜的能源。
We have a whole new petroleum economy.
我们拥有全新的石油经济。
Narrator: New technologies, new politics, and the recent opening of the oil fields of the Middle East so oversupplied the United States, that petroleum was now in everything – from paint to pesticides.
旁白：新技术、新政治以及最近中东油田的开放使美国供应过剩，以至于现在从油漆到杀虫剂，石油无处不在。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: We were overwhelmed by the flow of oil.
历史学家巴伯：我们被石油的流动淹没了。
The fossil fuel world that we live in, was not inevitable.
我们生活的化石燃料世界并非不可避免。
It was actually a really aggressive political and economic project to base everything on petroleum.
这实际上是一个非常激进的政治和经济项目，一切都以石油为基础。
We’re going to enlist corporations in pursuing our geopolitical aims, we’re going to provide ridiculous subsidies to fuel corporations for decades.
我们将争取企业来实现我们的地缘政治目标，我们将在几十年内向燃料公司提供荒谬的补贴。
We’re going to build houses that require fuel and require fuel for you to drive to them.
我们将建造需要燃料的房屋，并且需要燃料让你开车去它们。
I mean, we are completely dependent upon this flow of oil.
我的意思是，我们完全依赖于石油的流动。
Adam Rome, Historian: During the 50s, the amount of energy used in a home goes up something like 400%.
Adam Rome，历史学家：在 50 年代，家庭的能源消耗量增加了大约 400%。
It's a staggering amount.
这是一个惊人的数额。
And no one's worried about that because it's so cheap, it's abundant, and so reliable.
没有人担心这一点，因为它非常便宜、丰富且可靠。
Narrator: The research pioneered by Telkes – and the grand vision she’d sold just as masterfully as the technology she designed – was soon all but forgotten.
旁白：特尔克斯开创的研究——以及她所推销的宏伟愿景和她设计的技术一样巧妙——很快就被遗忘了。
The solar wave was over.
太阳波结束了。
The age of oil had arrived.
石油时代已经到来。
Narrator: In November, 1995, Telkes traveled back to her home land.
旁白：1995年11月，特尔克斯回到了故乡。
Since the fall of Dover, she’d hardly stopped working, doing research with NASA, and the Department of Energy.
自从多佛沦陷以来，她几乎没有停止工作，在美国宇航局和能源部进行研究。
Patenting several dozen inventions, and inspiring a new generation of solar scientists.
获得数十项发明专利，并激励新一代太阳能科学家。
Adam Rome, Historian: Mária Telkes personally never lost faith, never lost hope.
亚当·罗马，历史学家：玛丽亚·特尔克斯个人从未失去信心，从未失去希望。
And continued to work on finally realizing this dream of solar future, into the 1990s.
并继续努力，最终实现太阳能未来的梦想，直到 20 世纪 90 年代。
Narrator: The trip to Hungary was her first time back since she’d left for America in the spring of 1932; and as it turned out, it was also her last.
旁白：这次匈牙利之行是她自1932年春天前往美国以来第一次回来；事实证明，这也是她的最后一次。
On December 2nd, in Budapest, ten days shy of her 95th birthday, Mária Telkes died.
12 月 2 日，玛丽亚·特尔克斯 (Mária Telkes) 在布达佩斯去世，距离她 95 岁生日还有十天。
Sara Shreve-Price, Historian: It’s hard not to think about what might have been.
历史学家萨拉·什里夫-普莱斯 (Sara Shreve-Price)：很难不去思考可能发生的事情。
Would it have been an amazing ending if Telkes was able to transform the world?
如果特尔克斯能够改变世界，这会是一个令人惊奇的结局吗？
Yes!
是的！
I’d wish we had that ending, but maybe one way to see this story is if you lay the groundwork then someday when the crisis is big enough or the society is finally ready, someday at least that groundwork is there.
我希望我们有这样的结局，但也许看待这个故事的一种方式是，如果你奠定了基础，那么有一天，当危机足够大或社会终于准备好时，有一天至少有基础。
Olivia Meikle, Gender Studies Scholar: When you look at the number of hurdles she had to jump and the number of things she was prevented from accomplishing, it becomes really frustrating.
奥利维亚·米克尔（Olivia Meikle），性别研究学者：当你看到她必须跨越的障碍的数量以及她无法完成的事情的数量时，这真的变得令人沮丧。
The solar panels on everybody’s roofs, those don’t happen unless she’s doing this research.
每个人屋顶上的太阳能电池板，除非她正在进行这项研究，否则这些不会发生。
She’s laying all the foundation for pretty much everything now that we do with solar.
她正在为我们现在使用太阳能所做的几乎所有事情奠定基础。
Daniel A.
丹尼尔·A.
Barber, Historian: Telkes helps to, kind of, represent and embody a sort of struggle for how to think differently.
巴伯，历史学家：特尔克斯在某种程度上帮助、代表和体现了一种如何以不同方式思考的斗争。
And I think that insistence, in a sense that it’s the obligation of the scientific community to bring benefits to a wide swath of the population makes Telkes a, kind of, guiding light for us today.
我认为，从某种意义上说，科学界有义务为广大人民带来福祉，这种坚持使特尔克斯成为我们今天的指路明灯。
Michelle Addington, Architecture Professor: Given the fact that now the issue of energy comes with consequences for our civilization, I think she would be shocked that we are still not fully embracing the most powerful thermal force that we have in the universe.
米歇尔·阿丁顿，建筑学教授：鉴于现在能源问题对我们的文明产生了影响，我认为她会对我们仍然没有完全接受宇宙中最强大的热力感到震惊。
Andrew Nemethy, Journalist and Dover House Resident: Her vision for the future of the world for solar heat, still remains important in so many different ways today.
安德鲁·内梅西 (Andrew Nemethy)，记者兼多佛之家居民：她对太阳能热能世界未来的愿景在许多方面仍然很重要。
She certainly wrapped our family into it somehow, so we became part of that large vision that she had…I owe her a debt of gratitude, our family owes her a debt of gratitude.
她当然以某种方式将我们的家庭融入其中，所以我们成为了她的宏伟愿景的一部分……我欠她一份感激之情，我们的家人欠她一份感激之情。
I moved away in the 70s, eventually the house fell into disrepair, so basically they tore it down.
我在70年代搬走了，最终房子年久失修，所以基本上他们把它拆掉了。
And unfortunately because the house doesn’t exist anymore and that era is over, people really…you know, they’d forgotten about it.
不幸的是，因为房子不再存在，那个时代已经结束，人们真的……你知道，他们已经忘记了它。
But she absolutely fits in that category of people who deserve to be recognized today for what they accomplished and what they saw when nobody else did.
但她绝对属于这一类人，她们今天所取得的成就和所见所闻值得被认可。
Professor of Architecture Daniel A.
建筑学教授 Daniel A.
Barber and Vice President of Strategies at Communities First Stephanie Gidigbi Jenkins speak with energy reporter Ivan Penn about the history and future of sustainable energy policies in the U.S.
巴伯和社区第一战略副总裁斯蒂芬妮·吉迪格比·詹金斯与能源记者伊万·佩恩谈论美国可持续能源政策的历史和未来。
Kyle and Cierra live in a one-bedroom cabin in the Minnesota woods.
凯尔和西拉住在明尼苏达州树林里的一间卧室小屋里。
Join us as we visit them to find out what modern off-grid living looks like.
和我们一起拜访他们，了解现代离网生活是什么样子。
Heidi, Evan and their son Huckle own Small Axe Farm, a one-acre off grid market farm in Vermont.
海蒂、埃文和他们的儿子哈克拥有小斧头农场，这是佛蒙特州一英亩的离网市场农场。
Join us as we visit them to find out what modern off-grid living looks like.
和我们一起拜访他们，了解现代离网生活是什么样子。
A look at the scientist’s breakthrough innovations, from the world’s first solar-heated home to an electricity-free Easy Bake Oven.
看看这位科学家的突破性创新，从世界上第一个太阳能加热的家庭到无电的 Easy Bake Oven。
How Mária Telkes and her radical design modeled a new future.
Mária Telkes 和她的激进设计如何塑造新的未来。
Inventor Mária Telkes wanted women scientists to reach for the sun.
发明家玛丽亚·特尔克斯希望女科学家能够触及太阳。
The first modern house to be heated by nothing but the sun was designed by Mária Telkes.
第一座仅靠太阳取暖的现代房屋是由 Mária Telkes 设计的。
Zani, Yaseen and Khari live on a 25-acre homestead in the New Mexico desert.
扎尼 (Zani)、亚辛 (Yaseen) 和卡里 (Khari) 住在新墨西哥州沙漠中占地 25 英亩的宅基地上。
Join us as we visit them to find out what modern off-grid living looks like.
和我们一起拜访他们，了解现代离网生活是什么样子。
Unsung scientist Mária Telkes dedicated her career to harnessing the power of the sun.
无名科学家玛丽亚·特尔克斯 (Mária Telkes) 将她的职业生涯奉献给了利用太阳的力量。
Discover how scientist Mária Telkes, architect Eleanor Raymond, and philanthropist Amelia Peabody created the world’s first solar-powered house in Dover, Massachusetts, in 1948.
了解科学家 Mária Telkes、建筑师 Eleanor Raymond 和慈善家 Amelia Peabody 如何于 1948 年在马萨诸塞州多佛市建造世界上第一座太阳能房屋。
Find Classroom Resource at PBS LearningMedia
在 PBS LearningMedia 查找课堂资源