Streamliners: America's Lost Trains
Narrator: At dawn, on May 26, 1934, the gleaming locomotive inched forward; with newsmen, railroad officials, and a curious crowd looking on, the streamlined train left Denver's Union Station behind...
旁白：1934年5月26日黎明，闪闪发光的机车缓缓前行；在新闻记者、铁路官员和好奇的人群的注视下，流线型的火车离开了丹佛联合车站……
to attempt a record-breaking, non-stop run to Chicago.
尝试破纪录、不间断地跑到芝加哥。
Newsreel (archival): "A new era in railroad transportation.
新闻片（档案）：“铁路运输的新时代。
The Zephyr's epical thousand-mile run, the fastest train dash ever made!"
Zephyr 史诗般的千英里奔跑，有史以来最快的火车冲刺！”
Narrator: All along the route, people by the thousands stood near the tracks to catch a glimpse of the streamliner -- a smooth, sleek machine, unlike any they had ever seen.
旁白：一路上，成千上万的人站在铁轨附近，一睹流线型飞机的风采——这是一台光滑、时尚的机器，与他们见过的任何机器都不一样。
"You almost forget you're moving," observed one of the reporters on board, "until you look out at those fence posts going by and realize they're telegraph poles instead."
“你几乎忘记了自己正在移动，”船上的一名记者说道，“直到你看到那些经过的栅栏柱，才意识到它们其实是电线杆。”
Small airplanes tried to match the silver streak's speed which peaked at 112 miles per hour -- cutting in half travel time between the two cities.
小型飞机试图追赶银色条纹的速度，最高时速为 112 英里，从而将两个城市之间的旅行时间缩短一半。
In Chicago, a huge crowd gathered to cheer the record-shattering run, as headlines hailed the dawn of a new era.
在芝加哥，一大群人聚集在一起为破纪录的跑步欢呼，头条新闻欢呼新时代的到来。
Within a few years, dozens of streamliners were racing across the country -- the sleek, stainless steel trains were the pride of the nation.
几年之内，数十辆流线型列车在全国各地驰骋——时尚的不锈钢列车是国家的骄傲。
But the bright promise of the streamliners would soon fade: In just 20 years, routes were abandoned, equipment sold overseas...
但流线型飞机的光明前景很快就会消失：短短 20 年，航线被废弃，设备销往海外……
gone were the days when American trains were the fastest, most comfortable in the world.
美国火车是世界上最快、最舒适的日子已经一去不复返了。
"To anyone outside, a speeding train is a thunderbolt of driving rods, a hot hiss of steam, a blurred flash of coaches, a wall of movement and of noise, a shriek, a wail, and then just emptiness and absence, with a feeling of 'There goes everybody!' without knowing who anybody is...
“对于外面的任何人来说，高速行驶的火车就是驾驶杆的雷电、蒸汽的热嘶嘶声、车厢的模糊闪光、运动和噪音的墙壁、尖叫声、哀号，然后只是空虚和缺席，带着一种‘大家都走了！’的感觉。不知道谁是谁...
And all of a sudden the watcher feels the vastness and loneliness of America, and the nothingness of all those little lives hurled past upon the immensity of the continent.
突然间，观察者感受到了美国的广阔和孤独，以及所有那些被抛在这片广阔大陆上的小生命的虚无。
But if one is inside the train, everything is different." -- Thomas Wolfe
但如果一个人在火车内，一切就不一样了。” ——托马斯·沃尔夫
For almost a century, American life had been shaped by the railroads -- iron tracks stretching farther and farther across the vast continent, from the industrial centers in the East to the distant territories of the West.
近一个世纪以来，美国人的生活一直受到铁路的影响——铁轨在广阔的大陆上延伸得越来越远，从东部的工业中心一直延伸到西部的遥远领土。
David M.
大卫·M。
Kennedy, Historian: : Since they showed up on the scene, the mid-19th, early 19th century, the railroads were both the symbol and the substance of all that was modern in this society.
历史学家肯尼迪：自从 19 世纪中叶出现以来，铁路既是这个社会所有现代事物的象征，也是其实质。
The railroad is the technology that draws people into the market, that begins to change their ways of life.
铁路是吸引人们进入市场并开始改变他们生活方式的技术。
Narrator: : But by the 1920s, the once dominant railroads faced a threat: The "horseless carriage" had grown into a potent rival.
旁白： ： 但到了 20 年代，曾经占据主导地位的铁路面临着威胁：“无马拉马车”已成长为强大的竞争对手。
In just a few years, a stream of cars and trucks was sweeping along an ever-expanding network of roads.
短短几年内，汽车和卡车川流不息地沿着不断扩大的道路网行驶。
Maury Klein, Historian: : The swiftness and the completeness of that change to the automobile is just unbelievable.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：汽车变革的速度和完整性令人难以置信。
Goes from something like 3.5 million registrations in 1918 or 19, to 29 million by 1929.
注册人数从 1918 年或 19 年的 350 万左右增加到 1929 年的 2900 万。
Narrator: : In less than a decade, railroads lost 40 percent of their passenger business.
旁白：：在不到十年的时间里，铁路失去了 40% 的客运业务。
There was little the industry could do: Fares, service and freight rates all were determined in Washington.
该行业无能为力：票价、服务和运费均由华盛顿决定。
David M.
大卫·M。
Kennedy, Historian: : Just at the moment when the railroads were about to become terribly vulnerable anyway because of new competition in the movement of both people and goods, is just the moment when they found themselves most tightly locked in the embrace of the federal government, and arguably least able to respond competitively.
历史学家肯尼迪：就在铁路由于人员和货物流动的新竞争而即将变得极其脆弱的时刻，正是它们发现自己最紧紧地陷入联邦政府怀抱的时刻，并且可以说最无力做出竞争性反应。
Narrator: : At the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, a long-prosperous railroad, mounting losses forced a change: In 1932, the company appointed a new president -- Ralph Budd -- to deal with the crisis.
旁白： 在长期繁荣的芝加哥伯灵顿昆西铁路公司，不断增加的亏损迫使公司做出改变：1932 年，公司任命了一位新总裁拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 来应对危机。
A farm boy from Iowa, Budd had completed his training as a civil engineer in 1899.
巴德是一位来自爱荷华州的农场男孩，于 1899 年完成了土木工程师的培训。
On his first job surveying a line, he caught the attention of John F.
在他的第一份勘测线路工作中，他引起了约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Stevens, the man in charge of building the Panama Canal.
史蒂文斯，巴拿马运河的负责人。
Mark Reutter, Railroad Historian: : When Budd went into the railroad industry in 1899, it not only was the dominant industry in the country, but it was in a place where men could think big thoughts, but where the ambitious and the innovative went.
铁路历史学家 Mark Reutter：当巴德于 1899 年进入铁路行业时，它不仅是该国的主导行业，而且是一个人们可以思考远大想法的地方，也是雄心勃勃和创新的地方。
Narrator: : "I was determined to get as much construction experience as I could," Budd recalled.
旁白：“我决心尽可能多地获得施工经验，”巴德回忆道。
"The Panama Canal was the great construction job in the world...
“巴拿马运河是世界上最伟大的建筑工程......
There was nothing like it.
没有什么比这更好的了。
There was nothing like it in the world."
世界上没有类似的事情。”
John M.
约翰·M。
Budd, Grandson: : I didn't really think about it ...
巴德，孙子：：我并没有真正考虑过......
until I went back and looked at the dates, and started looking at when he was born, and he was younger than 30 when he was in charge off realigning the railroads in Panama, when they were building the canal.
直到我回去查看日期，开始查看他的出生时间，当他负责重新调整巴拿马铁路、修建运河时，他还不到 30 岁。
Narrator: : In 1909, after three years in Panama, Ralph Budd headed back north to help survey a new line for the legendary railroad tycoon James J.
旁白： 1909 年，在巴拿马待了三年之后，拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 回到北方，帮助传奇铁路大亨詹姆斯·J·巴德 (James J.
Hill.
山。
John M.
约翰·M。
Budd, Grandson: : I remember Grandpa telling about the survey work that he did in Oregon, right after he left the Panama Canal.
巴德，孙子：：我记得祖父讲述了他离开巴拿马运河后在俄勒冈州所做的测量工作。
And he loved the outdoors.
他喜欢户外活动。
He just loved to ride horseback and camp and it was all part of his life's career as a as an engineer.
他只是喜欢骑马和露营，这是他工程师生涯的一部分。
I'm an engineer and I recognize very well what the goals were, which was to find a gradual slope, and one without curves.
我是一名工程师，我非常清楚目标是什么，那就是找到一个渐进的斜坡，而且没有曲线。
These are the two things that make a good railroad.
这两点构成了一条好的铁路。
Narrator: : Seventy-year-old Hill showed up to take a look at the work.
旁白：： 70 岁的希尔前来参观作品。
"I met Mr. Hill when I was on the Oregon Trunk," Budd remembered.
“我在俄勒冈干线上遇到了希尔先生，”巴德回忆道。
"He was crisp.
“他很干脆。
He was questioning everybody about everything concerning the railroad and country and everything else.
他向每个人询问有关铁路、国家和其他一切的一切。
He was just as keen as a person could be."
他就像一个人一样热衷。”
That winter, an avalanche buried one of Hill's trains.
那年冬天，一场雪崩掩埋了希尔的一列火车。
Eighty-seven passengers were killed by the crash.
八十七名乘客在事故中丧生。
In the wake of the tragedy, the old railroad pioneer called on Ralph Budd for help:
悲剧发生后，这位老铁路先驱向拉尔夫·巴德求助：
"It was a magnificent railroad, East of the Cascade Mountains and West," Budd wrote, "but it had a weak Cascade Mountain crossing.
巴德写道：“这是一条宏伟的铁路，东接喀斯喀特山脉，西接喀斯喀特山脉，但穿越喀斯喀特山脉的路途很薄弱。
For about two to three weeks every spring or late winter no one on the Great Northern knew for sure what he might find in the morning reports.
每年春天或冬末大约两到三周的时间里，大北方没有人确切知道他会在早间报告中发现什么。
It was a hazardous thing."
这是一件危险的事情。”
Budd came up with an ambitious solution: an eight-mile tunnel -- the longest in America -- to lower the crossing and bypass the dangerous switchbacks.
巴德提出了一个雄心勃勃的解决方案：一条八英里长的隧道——美国最长的隧道——降低交叉口并绕过危险的之字形。
It took 36 months of round-the-clock labor before the Great Northern could celebrate the new Cascade Crossing.
大北方人花了 36 个月的全天候工作才庆祝了新的喀斯喀特穿越。
But as the newly-appointed president of the Burlington Budd now faced an even more daunting challenge:
但作为伯灵顿巴德新任主席，现在面临着更加艰巨的挑战：
Maury Klein, Historian: : Well, for Ralph Budd or anyone else who's becoming president of a railroad in 1932, he couldn't have found a worse time.
莫里·克莱因 (Maury Klein)，历史学家： 嗯，对于拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 或任何其他在 1932 年成为铁路总裁的人来说，这是一个最糟糕的时期。
The Depression is at its absolute depths.
大萧条已经达到了绝对的深度。
David M.
大卫·M。
Kennedy, Historian: : It was an economic catastrophe on a scale this country had never seen before, and God willing, will never see again.
历史学家肯尼迪：这是一场经济灾难，其规模是这个国家以前从未见过的，但愿上帝保佑，永远不会再出现。
One out of every four willing workers, unemployed by 1933, a 25% unemployment rate, something today we would find just incomprehensible.
到 1933 年，四分之一的自愿工人失业，失业率高达 25%，这在今天看来是难以理解的。
Narrator: : In three years, railroads laid off a million employees, more than 40 percent of their work force.
旁白：：三年内，铁路公司解雇了100万名员工，占其劳动力的40%以上。
In 1932, the Burlington lost a quarter of its freight load and more than a third of its passengers.
1932 年，伯灵顿号损失了四分之一的货物和超过三分之一的乘客。
Budd had to find a way to boost his failing passenger business.
巴德必须找到一种方法来提振他失败的客运业务。
Maury Klein, Historian: : In the passenger field, you really have only one of two options, if you're a railroad president.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：在客运领域，如果您是铁路总裁，您实际上只有两个选择之一。
You can cut your losses to the extent that you starve the service, or you can try to find some new and exciting way to attract people to the to the railroads.
您可以通过减少服务来减少损失，或者您可以尝试寻找一些新的、令人兴奋的方式来吸引人们乘坐铁路。
Narrator: : Budd's interest was caught by an odd-looking vehicle nicknamed "The Green Goose." The "Goose" -- an experimental, lightweight rail car -- was the concept of an automobile manufacturer from Philadelphia -- Edward Budd.
旁白：：巴德的兴趣被一辆绰号为“绿鹅”的奇特车辆引起了。 “鹅”——一种实验性的轻型轨道车——是来自费城的汽车制造商爱德华·巴德的概念。
Mark Reutter, Railroad Historian: : And in a way it seemed like fate really meant for the two Budds, who had never met and did not even know that they were distantly related, to come together.
铁路历史学家马克·鲁特 (Mark Reutter)：从某种程度上来说，这两个从未谋面、甚至不知道自己是远亲的巴德似乎真的有缘分走到了一起。
Narrator: : With his automobile business in trouble, Edward Budd, too, had been searching for new ideas: "A depression is a period in which you have time to think," he liked to say, and his thinking had lead him from cars to "The Green Goose."
旁白：随着汽车生意陷入困境，爱德华·巴德也一直在寻找新的想法：“经济萧条是一个你有时间思考的时期，”他喜欢这样说，而他的思考使他从汽车转向了“绿鹅”。
Mark Reutter, Historian: : He was on one level a Horatio Alger figure, going from a laborer in a big foundry to the head of the largest manufacturing company in Philadelphia.
历史学家马克·鲁特 (Mark Reutter)：在某种程度上，他是霍雷肖·阿尔杰 (Horatio Alger) 的人物，从一家大型铸造厂的工人成长为费城最大制造公司的负责人。
But it was his constant inventiveness, and particularly his interest in moving structures.
但这是他不断的创造力，尤其是他对移动结构的兴趣。
He was really the master of moving structures.
他确实是移动结构的大师。
Narrator: : For 20 years, Edward Budd had pioneered the use of steel in wheels and car bodies...
旁白： 20 年来，Edward Budd 一直是在车轮和车身中使用钢材的先驱......
using crash tests to impress a skeptical industry.
使用碰撞测试来打动持怀疑态度的行业。
His company had invented an ingenious process to weld stainless steel -- a new metal of remarkable strength and durability.
他的公司发明了一种巧妙的焊接不锈钢工艺——一种具有卓越强度和耐用性的新金属。
Mary Mucci, Granddaughter: : He was so interested in stainless steel and what could be done with it, and I think made a conscious effort to see how far the characteristics of stainless steel could be extended and used.
玛丽·穆奇（Mary Mucci），孙女：：他对不锈钢及其用途非常感兴趣，我认为他有意识地努力看看不锈钢的特性可以延伸和使用到什么程度。
He was proud of the fact that they could fashion so many things from this metal which was both strong and light.
他为他们能够用这种既坚固又轻的金属制作出如此多的东西而感到自豪。
Narrator: : Burlington president Ralph Budd immediately saw the promise of light-weight construction: "Using a car that weighs less, but carries as much load," he argued, "saves work just a surely as shortening a line or lowering a mountain summit."
旁白：伯灵顿总统拉尔夫·巴德立即看到了轻量化结构的前景：“使用重量更轻但承载同样多负载的汽车，”他认为，“节省的工作量肯定就像缩短线路或降低山顶一样。”
With Edward Budd's help, he set out to develop a revolutionary new train.
在爱德华·巴德的帮助下，他着手开发一种革命性的新型火车。
Mark Reutter, Railroad Historian: : So, over a creative period that lasted around -- around eight months, they really completely re-jiggered, re-designed, re-thought through the Green Goose.
铁路历史学家马克·鲁特 (Mark Reutter)：因此，在持续大约八个月的创作期间，他们确实通过绿鹅彻底重新调整、重新设计、重新思考。
They took the best ideas from buses and cars and planes -- all of which both of these men and their skilled technicians knew about -- and they began building in north Philadelphia, in the fall of 1933, a stainless steel train that they soon would call the Zephyr.
他们从公共汽车、汽车和飞机中汲取了最好的创意——这些人和他们熟练的技术人员都了解所有这些——并于 1933 年秋天开始在费城北部建造一列不锈钢火车，他们很快将其称为 Zephyr。
Narrator: : At the same time, the Union Pacific, Burlington's long-time rival, started to build a similar train.
旁白： ：与此同时，伯灵顿的长期竞争对手联合太平洋公司也开始建造类似的列车。
Maury Klein, Historian: : What evolved into a competition between the Union Pacific and the Burlington didn't really start that way consciously.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：联合太平洋号和伯灵顿号之间的竞争实际上并不是有意识地开始的。
It is more a case of two very bright people hitting upon similar ideas at about the same time, and then discovering, without realizing it at first, that they were in a race.
这更像是两个非常聪明的人几乎在同一时间想到了类似的想法，然后发现他们在一场竞赛中，一开始并没有意识到这一点。
Narrator: : Three key ideas shaped the design of the new trains: Both railroads used streamlining, based on wind tunnel tests, to maximize high-speed performance.
旁白：：新型列车的设计遵循三个关键理念：两条铁路均采用基于风洞测试的流线型设计，以最大限度地提高高速性能。
Both chose light-weight construction to improve speed and efficiency.
两者都选择了轻质结构来提高速度和效率。
The Burlington took the more radical route -- relying on Edward Budd's know-how to make roof and walls stress-bearing elements of the stainless-steel cars.
伯灵顿采取了更为激进的路线——依靠爱德华巴德的专业知识来制造不锈钢汽车的屋顶和墙壁的承压元件。
The complete, three-car Zephyr weighed little more than a single, standard-weight coach.
完整的三节车厢 Zephyr 的重量仅比一辆标准重量客车重一点。
The two companies opted for internal combustion -- not steam -- to power their trains.
两家公司选择使用内燃而非蒸汽来为火车提供动力。
Ralph Budd picked a Diesel engine still under development at General Motors.
拉尔夫·巴德选择了通用汽车仍在开发的柴油发动机。
The Diesel, he believed, would prove more efficient than a conventional gasoline motor.
他相信，柴油发动机将比传统汽油发动机更高效。
Budd was willing to wait for the new engine, even if it cost his railroad the race.
巴德愿意等待新发动机，即使这会让他的铁路公司输掉比赛。
In the winter of 1934, Union Pacific unveiled its gasoline-powered train.
1934 年冬天，联合太平洋公司推出了汽油动力火车。
The "M-10,000", stated a railroad publicist, is shaped "to open a clean hole through the air and let it close again with the least possible fuss or turmoil." It was the first American streamliner.
一位铁路公关人员表示，“M-10,000”的形状是“在空气中打开一个干净的洞，并让它在尽可能不出现任何大惊小怪或混乱的情况下再次关闭”。这是美国第一架流线型飞机。
Maury Klein, Historian: : The most interesting thing about the streamliners was the public reaction to them.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：关于流线型设计最有趣的事情是公众对它们的反应。
When the Union Pacific unveiled its Little Zip, and it made its first trial run, people lined the tracks.
当联合太平洋公司推出“小滑索”并进行首次试运行时，人们在铁轨两旁排队。
And when it went on public display in several cities, thousands of people lined up to see the train.
当它在几个城市公开展示时，数千人排队观看这列火车。
Two months later, the Burlington rolled out its Diesel-powered "Zephyr" -- named for the god of westerly winds.
两个月后，伯灵顿号推出了柴油动力的“Zephyr”——以西风之神命名。
When the Burlington unveiled its train and it made its maiden run, thousands of people lined the tracks to see it.
当伯灵顿列车揭幕并首次运行时，成千上万的人站在铁轨旁观看。
And after it began to run, and it went on tour, the same thing happened.
当它开始运行并进行巡回演出后，同样的事情发生了。
Lines of people formed in the station, just to come and see this new wonder.
车站里排起了长队，只为一睹这一新奇观。
The curious crowds filing through the Zephyr at every stop, discovered an air-conditioned interior featuring sleek lines, recessed lighting and large, double-pane windows.
好奇的人群在 Zephyr 的每一站都鱼贯而行，发现了配有空调的内饰，其线条流畅、嵌入式照明和大型双层玻璃窗。
Mary Mucci, granddaughter: : I had traveled enough on the old Pullman cars, with the heavy green upholstery and whatnot, to be excited by the lines, even though I was very young, to think this was something very great and very exciting.
玛丽·穆奇（Mary Mucci），孙女：：尽管我还很年轻，但我已经乘坐老式普尔曼汽车旅行了足够多的时间，这些汽车有着厚重的绿色内饰等等，对线条感到兴奋，认为这是非常伟大和非常令人兴奋的事情。
And I think I got some of that excitement and pleasure from my grandfather.
我想我从祖父那里得到了一些兴奋和快乐。
I mean, he obviously took great pride in seeing the product move out of the factory and into use.
我的意思是，他显然对看到产品走出工厂并投入使用感到非常自豪。
In the spring of 1934 the two streamliners became star attractions at the Chicago World's Fair: "When the M-10,000 and the Zephyr made their bow," wrote a reporter, "something clicked in the mind of Mr. Average Man and the streamlined era had arrived."
1934 年春天，这两款流线型飞机成为芝加哥世界博览会上的明星亮点：“当 M-10,000 和 Zephyr 亮相时，”一位记者写道，“普通人先生的脑海中突然灵光一闪，流线型时代到来了。”
Jeffrey Meikle, Historian: : This is two years after the worst year of the depression.
历史学家杰弗里·米克尔：：这是大萧条最严重的一年之后的两年。
Recovery is not really underway, but there are signs: Roosevelt has come in.
复苏尚未真正开始，但有迹象表明：罗斯福已经上任。
The New Deal's gotten underway.
新政已经开始实施。
People have a sense that perhaps things are going to get better.
人们有一种感觉，也许事情会变得更好。
And then here are these flashy, fast, non-smoke-belching, sleek things that suggest flight, that suggest a new age, that suggest that things are going to be materially different.
还有这些华丽、快速、不冒烟、光滑的东西，它们暗示着飞行，暗示着新时代，暗示着事情将会发生实质性的不同。
Narrator: Toy train manufacturers wasted no time launching small-scale versions of Little Zip and the Zephyr.
旁白：玩具火车制造商立即推出了 Little Zip 和 Zephyr 的小型版本。
"Any man with pretensions to normality knows a lot about toy trains," declared the Lionel Train Catalog in 1935.
1935 年莱昂内尔火车目录宣称：“任何自以为正常的人都对玩具火车了解很多。”
"The essence of toy railroading is contained in the nostalgia in his heart.
“玩具铁路的精髓就蕴藏在他内心的怀旧之中。
Apparently, the toy train is irresistible.
显然，玩具火车是不可抗拒的。
And the moral for economists is clear: There is no depression, if your heart is set on owning and landscaping a railroad."
对于经济学家来说，寓意很明确：如果你一心想拥有并美化一条铁路，就不会有萧条。”
John M.
约翰·M。
Budd, Grandson: : Such a really vivid memory of having that train, and pushing it around on the sidewalk, and we also used to push it around inside the house.
巴德，孙子：：关于那辆火车的记忆非常生动，我们在人行道上推着它，我们也常常在房子里推着它。
And the whole idea of a different-looking train was something that was imprinted when I was probably -- well, this is 1936, so I was two years old.
当我可能——嗯，这是 1936 年，所以我两岁的时候，关于外观不同的火车的整个想法就被烙印了。
Narrator: From the moment they entered service, streamliners were a success.
旁白：从投入使用的那一刻起，流线型飞机就取得了成功。
Ralph Budd quickly placed orders for additional Zephyrs and, with a showman's touch, he kept his train in the spotlight: Casting it in "The Silver Streak", a Hollywood adventure...
拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 很快就订购了更多的西风车，并凭借表演者的风格，让他的火车成为众人瞩目的焦点：将其出演好莱坞冒险片《银线》(The Silver Streak)……
using strongmen and elephants to dramatize the train's lightweight construction...
利用大力士和大象来戏剧化火车的轻量化结构......
and launching new service between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul with two trains full of...
并推出芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯-圣路易斯之间的新服务。保罗带着两列满载...
twins.
双胞胎。
The Zephyrs slashed three and a half hours off the old schedule.
和风队将原计划缩短了三个半小时。
On most runs, the speedy trains were filled to capacity.
在大多数运行中，快速列车都满员。
"We seem to have found out quite a good deal about what the public likes in the way of passenger service," noted Budd, "and we seem to be able to provide it."
巴德指出：“我们似乎已经深入了解了公众对乘客服务方式的喜好，而且我们似乎能够提供这些服务。”
The streamliners provided coaches with double reclining seats, stylish lounges, and elaborate menus: Roast Prime Rib, Milk-Fed Chicken, Broiled Prime Steak with Mushroom Sauce, Vegetable Dinner with Poached Eggs, New Potatoes in Cream, Fresh Asparagus, Pies, Cheese and Coffee.
流线型客车为客车提供双人斜倚座椅、时尚的休息室和精致的菜单：烤上等肋骨、奶饲鸡、蘑菇酱烤上等牛排、荷包蛋蔬菜晚餐、奶油新土豆、新鲜芦笋、馅饼、奶酪和咖啡。
Garrard Wilson Smock, Jr., Pullman Porter: : And I think it was eight settings.
Garrard Wilson Smock, Jr.、Pullman Porter：我认为有八种设置。
Each one had their own waiter.
每个人都有自己的服务员。
And they had four cooks.
他们有四个厨师。
They had the chef cook, second cook, third cook, and the fourth cook was the dishwasher.
他们有一个厨师做饭，第二个厨师，第三个厨师，第四个厨师是洗碗机。
All he did was wash dishes.
他所做的只是洗碗。
But the food was -- everything was prepared.
但食物——一切都准备好了。
Now, at Thanksgiving, if we're out on the road, turkeys were baked.
现在，在感恩节，如果我们出门在外，就会烤火鸡。
Sliced your turkey dinner, you had fresh turkey.
把你的火鸡晚餐切成片，你吃的是新鲜的火鸡。
Narrator: The new Diesel engine became a critical part of the Zephyrs' success, cutting in half the operating cost of a steam-powered heavyweight.
旁白：新型柴油发动机成为西风号成功的关键部分，将蒸汽动力重型飞机的运营成本削减了一半。
Union Pacific quickly added to its fleet of streamliners, introducing Diesel trains to Portland, San Francisco and Los Angeles.
联合太平洋公司迅速扩充了其精简机队，在波特兰、旧金山和洛杉矶推出了柴油列车。
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr., Pullman Porter: : But the streamliners, then, we carried more passengers, we carried more cars, because they were lightweight.
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr.，Pullman Porter：但是流线型飞机，我们可以运载更多的乘客，我们运载更多的汽车，因为它们很轻。
They weren't like this heavy car here.
他们不像这里的这辆重型汽车。
Eleven, twelve cars was the most we carried on the heavyweight car.
十一、十二辆车是我们载重车最多的。
But we could put fifteen on the lightweight.
但我们可以在轻量级上放十五个。
But he pulled in, you'd have to make a double stop in certain stations because we'd be so far out in the boonies.
但他停了下来，你必须在某些车站两次停留，因为我们在郊区太远了。
Narrator: To keep up with the new craze, many railroads gave their older trains a face lift: The New York Central and Pennsylvania railroads hired prominent designers to apply streamlined curves to their steam locomotives to create a sleek, modern look for their most elegant trains, "The 20th Century" and "The Broadway Limited."
旁白：为了跟上新的热潮，许多铁路公司对他们的旧火车进行了改造：纽约中央铁路和宾夕法尼亚铁路聘请了著名的设计师，将流线型曲线应用到他们的蒸汽机车上，为他们最优雅的火车“20世纪”和“百老汇有限公司”创造出时尚、现代的外观。
Jeffrey Meikle, Historian: : Throughout the 30s, every railroad competed to come up with the most interesting, provocative design.
历史学家杰弗里·米克尔 (Jeffrey Meikle)：：整个 30 年代，每条铁路都竞相推出最有趣、最具挑衅性的设计。
Each railway would have a family resemblance for its locomotives and common livery, common paint schemes.
每条铁路的机车、共同的制服、共同的油漆方案都具有家族相似性。
But they were all competing against each other to have the most distinctive equipment on a given passenger route.
但他们都在相互竞争，以拥有特定客运路线上最具特色的设备。
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr., Pullman Porter: : My car was a buffet lounge.
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr.、Pullman Porter：我的车是自助休息室。
I didn't have no beds in it.
我里面没有床。
I had the lounge, a buffet and I had the secretary next to me, I had the barber, and then the stenographer.
我有休息室、自助餐，秘书在我旁边，我有理发师，然后是速记员。
Each of them had their private rooms.
他们每个人都有自己的私人房间。
And the men would come and sit in the lounge, and the barber would tell me, he says, "Smock, will you call for Mr. Jones?
男人们会过来坐在休息室里，理发师会告诉我，他说：“斯莫克，你能叫琼斯先生吗？
" And I'd say: "Mr. Jones, the barber is awaiting you."
” 我会说：“先生。琼斯，理发师正在等你。”
Jeffrey Meikle, Historian: : The public really got caught up in a streamlining mania.
历史学家杰弗里·米克尔 (Jeffrey Meikle)：公众确实陷入了精简的狂热之中。
And articles about these trains appeared in all the newspapers, big city newspapers, local newspapers.
有关这些火车的文章出现在所有报纸、大城市报纸、地方报纸上。
A great deal of publicity.
大量宣传。
And designers and executives realized that streamlining was a hit.
设计师和管理人员意识到精简很受欢迎。
Narrator: Egmont Arens, a prominent New York designer, sent a telegram to President Franklin Roosevelt alerting him to the streamlining revolution:
旁白：纽约著名设计师埃格蒙特·阿伦斯（Egmont Arens）给富兰克林·罗斯福总统发了一封电报，提醒他注意精简革命：
"Arriving Washington Sunday with a lantern slide talk called 'Streamlining for Recovery', showing streamlined Aeroplanes, Zeppelins, Ocean Liners, Trains as well as Streamlined Trees, Flowers, Whales, Diving Girls, Houses, Women's Fashions -- Stop.
“周日抵达华盛顿，伴随着名为‘流线型复苏’的灯笼幻灯片演讲，展示了流线型的飞机、齐柏林飞艇、远洋客轮、火车以及流线型的树木、花朵、鲸鱼、潜水女孩、房屋、女装——停下来。
Streamlining has captured American imagination to mean modern, efficient, well organized, sweet, clean and beautiful -- Stop.
精简已经激发了美国人的想象力，它意味着现代、高效、组织良好、甜美、干净和美丽——停下来。
You would love it -- Stop."
你会喜欢的——停下来。”
Jeffrey Meikle, Historian: : They probably almost had a sense of being called, a vocation or a mission, that the nation and the economic system needed to be transformed.
历史学家杰弗里·米克尔（Jeffrey Meikle）：：他们可能几乎有一种被召唤的感觉，一种使命或使命，即国家和经济体系需要转变。
The Depression itself was simply the last gasp of the old industrial system that the Industrial Revolution had created.
大萧条本身只是工业革命所创造的旧工业体系的最后一次喘息。
And I think that they felt that these were extraordinary times.
我认为他们觉得这是一个不平凡的时刻。
They were revolutionary times.
那是革命时代。
Narrator: Streamlining is a word of "great liberation," declared Egmont Arens.
旁白：埃格蒙特·阿伦斯宣称，精简是一个“伟大解放”的词。
It expresses "the wishes and hopes of people in all walks of life whose will and energy has been chained down by the circumstances of the depression."
它表达了“各行各业人们的愿望和希望，他们的意志和精力因大萧条的情况而受到束缚。”
Jeffrey Meikle, Historian: : Businessmen embraced the whole notion of design out of a total sense of collapse.
历史学家杰弗里·米克尔 (Jeffrey Meikle)：商人出于彻底的崩溃感而接受了整个设计概念。
They were at their wit's end.
他们已经无计可施了。
They didn't know what to do.
他们不知道该怎么办。
So the industrial designers would then change the appearance of a toaster or a washing machine to try to get an edge up on the competition.
因此，工业设计师会改变烤面包机或洗衣机的外观，以试图在竞争中获得优势。
Narrator: "Art is the science of eye appeal," stated William B.
旁白：“艺术是吸引眼球的科学，”William B.
Stout, the designer of the M-10,000.
Stout，M-10,000 的设计者。
"If one builds into a commercial product an appeal to the eye, he establishes the first point of salesmanship, which is impression."
“如果一个人要让商业产品吸引眼球，那么他就建立了销售技巧的第一个要点，那就是印象。”
Mary Mucci, Granddaughter: : We had what was an old-fashioned and kind of clumsy looking toaster where you put one piece in one side and closed it up, and one piece in the other side and closed it up, and then next we had this very sleek looking toaster.
玛丽·穆奇（Mary Mucci），孙女：：我们有一款老式的、看起来有点笨拙的烤面包机，你可以在一侧放一块，然后将其关闭，在另一侧放一块，然后将其关闭，然后接下来我们有这款外观非常时尚的烤面包机。
Narrator: From lipstick to locomotives -- streamlining was re-shaping America.
旁白：从口红到机车——精简正在重塑美国。
By the late 30s, the ten fastest trains in the world were all American streamliners.
到了三十年代末，世界上最快的十辆火车都是美国流线型列车。
Nearly 100 streamliners criss-crossed the country with remarkable success: Since the launch of Little Zip and Zephyr, the number of passengers had grown by more than a third.
近 100 架流线型飞机在全国各地穿梭，取得了巨大成功：自 Little Zip 和 Zephyr 推出以来，乘客数量增加了三分之一以上。
But the run of the streamliners was about to be sidetracked...
但流线型的运行即将偏离轨道……
Soon after the German invasion of Poland, Ralph Budd was called to the White House.
德国入侵波兰后不久，拉尔夫·巴德被召入白宫。
President Roosevelt needed a railroad man to help prepare the country for war.
罗斯福总统需要一名铁路工人来帮助国家做好战争准备。
John M.
约翰·M。
Budd, Grandson: : All of a sudden he was making many trips to Washington, and he was very obviously in thought a lot of the time.
巴德，孙子：：突然之间，他多次前往华盛顿，而且很多时候他都在思考。
It was clear that he was really under stress.
看得出来，他确实压力很大。
Narrator: For two years, Budd juggled the demands of the Burlington with his advising role in Washington.
旁白：两年来，巴德一边满足伯灵顿的要求，一边在华盛顿担任顾问。
Factories from coast to coast began re-tooling for war: In Philadelphia, Budd Manufacturing stopped the assembly of streamliners and switched to trucks and artillery shells.
从东海岸到西海岸的工厂开始重新装备战争装备：在费城，巴德制造公司停止了流线型飞机的组装，转而使用卡车和炮弹。
Mary Mucci, Grandaughter: : What I remember most about it was the change in the lifestyle of my grandfather and my father, who also worked at the company at that time.
玛丽·穆奇（孙女）：：我印象最深刻的是祖父和父亲生活方式的改变，他们当时也在公司工作。
Because both of them had the philosophy that the workmen were the most important part of the operation, it was given that one or the other of them would be at the factory which was then working 24 hours a day.
因为他们两人都坚信工人是工厂中最重要的部分，所以他们中的一个或另一个将在当时每天 24 小时工作的工厂工作。
When gasoline and rubber shortages stalled transport by truck and by car, the railroads were ready to pick up the slack.
当汽油和橡胶短缺导致卡车和汽车运输停滞时，铁路已准备好填补空缺。
Maury Klein, Historian: : War is about moving the maximum amount of stuff with the minimum amount of effort.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：战争就是用最小的努力移动最大数量的东西。
And no frills.
而且没有多余的装饰。
And because it's a war being fought in both Europe and Asia, there's a huge flow of traffic to both coasts.
由于这是一场在欧洲和亚洲同时进行的战争，因此两岸都有大量的交通流量。
And that means the train system is working constantly.
这意味着火车系统正在持续运行。
Everything's working, but the train system is working constantly.
一切正常，但火车系统一直在运行。
More than 90% of military freight and 98% of servicemen moved by train.
90%以上的军事货运和98%以上的军人通过火车运输。
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr., Pullman Porter: : Railroading was hard during that particular time, because we were hauling what they called troop trains.
Garrard Wilson Smock Jr.，Pullman Porter：：在那段特定时期，铁路运输非常困难，因为我们要牵引他们所谓的军用列车。
You'd pick up a bunch of soldiers in Los Angeles to take them to Van Doren, Mississippi.
你会在洛杉矶接一群士兵，带他们去密西西比州的范多伦。
And you got them, pulled them soldiers all the way.
你抓住了他们，一路拉着他们的士兵。
But you'd leave Los Angeles today, the 21st of August, you may not get back until the 15th of September, because when you get to Van Doren, they're going to send you somewhere up north, or they may send you to Ft.
但是你今天 8 月 21 日离开洛杉矶，你可能要到 9 月 15 日才能回来，因为当你到达范多伦时，他们会送你去北方的某个地方，或者他们可能会送你到英国《金融时报》。
Louis, Washington.
路易斯，华盛顿。
Well, you say, "When I get to Ft.
好吧，你说，“当我到达英国《金融时报》时。
Louis, Washington, I'm headed home." They may send you to down in San Antonio, Texas, with a bunch of soldiers.
路易斯，华盛顿，我要回家了。”他们可能会派你和一群士兵一起去德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥。
You were supposed to have your white coat on, and it got so hot, the cars were non air-conditioned and everything.
你应该穿上白大褂，但天气太热了，车里没有空调什么的。
You come down to your shirt and take your tie off.
你脱下衬衫，脱掉领带。
And that was the pits.
这就是坑。
That was what I meant by "the pits," as far as servicemen are concerned.
就军人而言，这就是我所说的“坑”的意思。
I have nothing against them.
我对他们没有任何意见。
A lot of them I waited on, never came back.
我等了很多人，却再也没有回来。
Narrator: Freight and passenger loads nearly doubled during the war; the effort to keep the trains moving was taking a toll:
旁白：战争期间货运和客运量几乎增加了一倍；保持火车运行的努力正在付出代价：
"We worked day and night," remembered a boilermaker.
“我们日以继夜地工作，”一位锅炉工回忆道。
"Every engine we had was junk...
“我们拥有的每台发动机都是垃圾......
War freight sitting in the yards, telegrams coming in continually: "Send that locomotive over!
战车停在院子里，电报不断传来：“把机车送过来！
We've got to have it!
我们必须拥有它！
The boys need it!"
孩子们需要它！”
Late in the war, industry leaders gathered to mark the streamliners' 10th anniversary.
战争后期，行业领袖齐聚一堂，庆祝流线型产品诞生 10 周年。
Little Zip had been scrapped for the war effort, but the original Zephyr -- with more than a million miles under its wheels -- showed up for the celebration.
Little Zip 因战争而被废弃，但最初的 Zephyr——行驶里程超过 100 万英里——出现在庆祝活动上。
Ralph and Edward Budd were guests of honor.
拉尔夫和爱德华·巴德是主宾。
"We expect when this war is over that a great field will open for all the railroads," declared Edward Budd.
爱德华·巴德宣称：“我们预计，当这场战争结束时，将为所有铁路开放广阔的天地。”
"The American people have an appetite for travel.
“美国人民对旅行有着浓厚的兴趣。
It has gotten a great impetus by the travel back and forth of our sons and daughters in their duties in the fighting forces.
我们的儿女在战斗部队中奔波，履行职责，给我们带来了巨大的推动力。
These young people have seen what they had not seen before.
这些年轻人看到了他们以前没有看到的东西。
They have written home about things that their parents have not seen.
他们写信回家讲述了父母没有见过的事情。
After the war we are all going to want to go places."
战争结束后，我们都会想去一些地方。”
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk, Architect: : I have very good memories when I think of trains, from earliest childhood, because I grew up in a small town outside of Philadelphia, that was on one of the main train lines going into the city, it was the end of the main line.
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk，建筑师：：当我想到火车时，我对童年有非常美好的回忆，因为我在费城郊外的一个小镇长大，那是进入城市的主要火车线路之一，是主线的终点。
And the walk into town from home always crossed the railroad track.
从家里步行进城总是要穿过铁轨。
And as a very small child, I remember the excitement of seeing the trains, looking down at them, because they were long distance trains -- one was called the Spirit of St. Louis, or the Chicago Special, or whatever.
当我还是个很小的孩子时，我记得看到火车时的兴奋，低头看着它们，因为它们是长途火车——其中一列被称为圣路易斯精神号，或芝加哥特别号，或其他什么。
So they evoked faraway places.
所以它们让人想起遥远的地方。
Narrator: As the country entered the postwar era, one by one, the railroads launched their new streamliners, replacing equipment worn out by the war.
旁白：随着国家进入战后时代，铁路公司纷纷推出新的流线型铁路，更换因战争而磨损的设备。
General Motors' Vistadome cars, became the streamliners' latest attraction -- providing spectacular roof top views from a glass-enclosed perch high above the tracks.
通用汽车公司的 Vistadome 汽车成为流线型车的最新亮点——从轨道上方的玻璃封闭高处可以欣赏到壮观的屋顶景观。
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : Railroads knew by 1945 that passenger train revenue was marginal.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈（Bruce MacGregor），作家：：铁路公司到 1945 年就知道客运列车收入微乎其微。
And they knew that they were gambling by spending money on new designs, on streamlined trains.
他们知道，花钱购买新设计、流线型火车是在赌博。
They were taking an enormous gamble.
他们正在进行一场巨大的赌博。
Narrator: Ralph Budd urged Washington to loosen its grip on the industry: Railroads should be "encouraged to become 'general transportation agencies'," he declared, "offering to the public whatever the public might desire in a free and open field." Budd proposed launching regional helicopter service to connect to his high-speed Zephyrs.
旁白：拉尔夫·巴德敦促华盛顿放松对该行业的控制：他宣称，应该“鼓励铁路成为‘通用运输机构’”，“在自由和开放的领域向公众提供公众可能想要的任何东西。”巴德提议推出区域直升机服务以连接到他的高速西风飞机。
The Civil Aeronautics Board rejected the idea.
民航局拒绝了这个想法。
Maury Klein, Historian: : If you are a prosperous railroad, if you have ambition to be a major railroad, you really have no choice.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：如果你是一条繁荣的铁路，如果你有雄心成为一条主要铁路，你真的别无选择。
You have to have a passenger traffic.
你必须有客流量。
There's no question about that.
毫无疑问。
The government mandates that you have a passenger traffic.
政府要求你有客运量。
If you're a proud railroad, you're not going to run that as a shoddy business, and your equipment is literally so beat up from the war that you cant use it.
如果你是一家值得骄傲的铁路公司，你就不会把它当作一个劣质的企业来经营，而且你的设备在战争中已经严重磨损，以至于你无法使用它们。
It has run that hard.
它已经跑得那么辛苦了。
So you're going to have to make an investment.
所以你必须进行投资。
And if you're going to make a go of it, you have to buy as good a stuff as you can afford and try to make it work.
如果你想尝试一下，你就必须买你能买得起的尽可能好的东西，并努力让它发挥作用。
Narrator: To attract new passengers, Ralph Budd was building a brand-new luxury train, a Zephyr not for the business traveler -- but for tourists!
旁白：为了吸引新乘客，拉尔夫·巴德正在建造一辆全新的豪华火车，Zephyr，不是为商务旅客设计的，而是为游客设计的！
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : All of the features that were designed into the California Zephyr had the tourist in mind, the adventurer who wanted a rail experience rather than business travel.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈 (Bruce MacGregor)，作家： 加州和风号的所有设计功能都考虑到了游客，即想要铁路体验而不是商务旅行的冒险家。
Its length was one feature: 11 cars long, almost 1,000 feet.
它的长度是一个特点：有 11 辆车长，几乎 1,000 英尺。
It was designed to be long enough to roam, literally to give people room to stretch, room to discover.
它的设计足够长，可以漫游，实际上是为了给人们伸展的空间，探索的空间。
Narrator: In the spring of 1949, just months before his retirement, Ralph Budd launched the last -- and the best -- of his Zephyrs.
旁白：1949 年春天，就在他退休前几个月，拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 推出了最后一款也是最好的一款 Zephyr。
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : The California Zephyr was a marketer's dream.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈（Bruce MacGregor），作家： ：加州和风号是营销人员的梦想。
It never did claim to be the fastest train across the country, and I don't think it really had to.
它从未声称自己是全国最快的火车，而且我认为它也没有必要这样做。
I think what it had to do was convince the public that they could afford a moderate amount of luxury on their own budget, and enjoy that as a vacation on a train that would take them through most of America.
我认为它必须做的是让公众相信他们可以在自己的预算内负担得起适度的奢侈品，并享受乘坐火车度假的乐趣，这将带他们穿越美国的大部分地区。
Narrator: To operate his new train from Chicago to the West Coast, Budd secured the help of two other railroads, the Denver & Rio Grande and the Western Pacific.
旁白：为了运营从芝加哥到西海岸的新火车，巴德获得了另外两条铁路的帮助：丹佛和里奥格兰德铁路以及西太平洋铁路。
Their tracks marked a spectacular route across the Colorado Rockies and through Feather River Canyon, deep in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
他们的足迹标志着一条横跨科罗拉多落基山脉和内华达山脉深处的羽毛河峡谷的壮观路线。
Cathy von Ibsch, Zephyrette: : The most important was the service to the people.
Cathy von Ibsch，Zephyrette：：最重要的是为人民服务。
You were there as that public relations person for the train companies, for the trains, so that the ride was pleasurable and a good experience.
你作为火车公司、火车的公关人员在那里，所以乘坐是愉快的，是一次很好的经历。
If someone on the train needed something at some of the stops, we would go off and get it for them.
如果火车上有人在某些车站需要东西，我们会下车为他们取东西。
It might have been a newspaper, or a candy bar, or something of that nature.
它可能是一份报纸，或者一块糖果，或者类似的东西。
Ernie von Ibsch, Brakeman: : The Vista Domes added a lot to your journey, even to those that had to work on it, because we were able to from time to time observe our train from up there.
厄尼·冯·伊布什 (Ernie von Ibsch)，制动员：：维斯塔穹顶为您的旅程增添了很多色彩，甚至对于那些必须在上面工作的人来说也是如此，因为我们能够时不时地从那里观察我们的火车。
Many times when the passengers all retired for the evening, I often would, working as the rear brakeman, ride in the rear dome and I could see my whole train.
很多时候，当晚上乘客都休息时，我经常会作为后刹车员，坐在后穹顶上，我可以看到整个火车。
In the evening like that, the desert's beautiful across Nevada.
那样的傍晚，内华达州的沙漠美丽极了。
Maury Klein, Historian: : So times were good, travel was heavy, and the good streamliners were still one of the best ways to go long distances.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：所以时代很好，旅行很繁重，而好的流线型仍然是长途旅行的最佳方式之一。
But as the 50s wore on, the aircraft industry began to shift from propeller-driven planes to jet planes.
但随着 50 年代的过去，飞机工业开始从螺旋桨飞机转向喷气式飞机。
And once the jets began to become the main commercial fleet, they could cut huge amounts of time off of long distance travel.
一旦喷气式飞机开始成为主要的商业机队，它们就可以减少长途旅行的大量时间。
Narrator: Federal funding of airports and highways further tipped the competitive balance.
旁白：联邦对机场和高速公路的资助进一步倾斜了竞争平衡。
Even in large cities -- once the very core of rail passenger business -- the new expressways brought dramatic change.
即使在大城市——曾经是铁路客运业务的核心——新的高速公路也带来了巨大的变化。
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk, Architect: : We now have a kind of picture of an American downtown which is of parking lots and empty lots and a few buildings in between.
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk，建筑师：：我们现在看到了一幅美国市中心的景象，其中有停车场、空地和中间的一些建筑物。
Narrator: Those cities, when you look at their photographs of them in the late 40s, still in the early 50s, are incredibly energized places.
旁白：当你看到这些城市在 40 年代末、50 年代初的照片时，你会发现它们都是令人难以置信的充满活力的地方。
Downtown Los Angeles, 1950.
洛杉矶市中心，1950 年。
The streets were crowded with people.
街道上挤满了人。
There were trolleys, pedestrians, very few cars.
街上有电车、行人，汽车很少。
Clearly places of great energy and activity.
显然是充满活力和活动的地方。
They came apart one building at a time, and one move at a time.
他们一次拆毁一栋大楼，一次搬一栋。
More cars coming in, more parking needed.
更多的汽车进来，需要更多的停车位。
The railroad being bought out.
铁路被买断了。
Less and less rail service.
铁路服务越来越少。
People moving out of the city.
人们搬出城市。
In the past, American cities had grown alongside the tracks of trains and trolleys.
过去，美国城市是沿着火车和电车轨道发展的。
The new suburbs were built to a different scale.
新郊区的建设规模有所不同。
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk, Architect: : It really wasn't until after World War II that we began to build in a different dimension.
Elizabeth Platter-Zyberk，建筑师： ：直到第二次世界大战之后，我们才开始在不同的维度进行建造。
And we began to build for the measure of the car.
我们开始按照汽车的尺寸进行制造。
And of course the whole glamour of this new technology, of owning a car, of being liberated by the car.
当然，还有这项新技术的全部魅力，即拥有一辆汽车，以及被汽车解放。
You know, we still advertise the car as if we were driving it every day through a redwood forest.
你知道，我们仍然为这款汽车做广告，就好像我们每天都开着它穿过红杉林一样。
Narrator: By 1960, American railroads, once again, were in a state of crisis:
旁白：到了1960年，美国铁路再次陷入危机：
While streamliner technology was revolutionizing high-speed trains in Europe and Japan, American railroads were on the brink of collapse.
当流线型技术正在彻底改变欧洲和日本的高速列车时，美国铁路却处于崩溃的边缘。
Government regulation, soaring labor costs and losses on most passenger routes threatened to ruin the industry.
政府监管、劳动力成本飙升以及大多数客运航线的损失可能会毁掉该行业。
Maury Klein, Historian: : The railroads are in what seems to be an eternally losing proposition of having to run certain parts of their business at a loss, whether they want to or not.
莫里·克莱因（Maury Klein），历史学家：：无论愿意与否，铁路似乎都处于一种永远亏损的境地，必须亏本经营其业务的某些部分。
The old rules are still in effect.
旧规则仍然有效。
You can't abandon mileage unless the ICC says so, and that's' a long, torturous process.
除非国际刑事法院这么说，否则你不能放弃里程，而这是一个漫长而痛苦的过程。
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : By 1966, the Western Pacific was losing a million dollars a year on the California Zephyr.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈 (Bruce MacGregor)，作家： 到 1966 年，西太平洋地区因加州和风号每年损失 100 万美元。
And they would show up yearly in court in front of the ICC, hat in hand, begging to be let out of the train, begging to discontinue the California Zephyr, at the same time refusing to lower the service standards on the train, and having the Interstate Commerce Commission tell them that the high level of service standards was the very reason that the government would not let them discontinue the train.
他们每年都会在国际刑事法院面前出现，手里拿着帽子，乞求让他们下车，乞求停运加州和风号，同时拒绝降低火车上的服务标准，并让州际商务委员会告诉他们，高水平的服务标准正是政府不让他们停运火车的原因。
Maury Klein, Historian: : Train travel could be aggravating.
莫里·克莱因 (Maury Klein)，历史学家：：乘坐火车旅行可能会加重病情。
It was certainly nothing that one wants to romanticize, in that sense.
从这个意义上说，这当然不是人们想要浪漫化的事情。
But it was literally an experience that enabled you to see the country, for one thing.
但首先，这实际上是一种让你能够看到这个国家的经历。
To go from, say, Chicago to Los Angeles is to see a large part of the United States.
比如说，从芝加哥到洛杉矶，可以看到美国的大部分地区。
To take that trip by air, you could do it in a few hours.
如果乘飞机旅行，您可以在几个小时内完成。
But you've seen nothing, you've learned nothing, and you literally don't know where you are.
但你什么也没看到，你什么也没学到，而且你根本不知道自己在哪里。
Bruce MacGregor: : I think Americans have always watched time as a one of the basic dimensions of their life.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈：我认为美国人一直将时间视为他们生活的基本维度之一。
The railroads were no different, but I think when travel remained on land, when trains were the way we got around, once you got on the train, especially long trains, trains that crossed the country, time suspended itself.
铁路也不例外，但我认为，当旅行仍然在陆地上时，当火车成为我们出行的方式时，一旦你上了火车，尤其是长途火车，穿越全国的火车，时间就会暂停。
Narrator: By the late 60s, railroads were scrambling to get out of the passenger business, abandoning trains as quickly as the ICC would permit.
旁白：到了 60 年代末，铁路公司争先恐后地退出客运业务，并在国际刑事法院允许的情况下尽快放弃火车。
Some of the most glamorous trains were scrapped, including "The 20th Century Limited" and Burlington's "Texas Zephyr".
一些最迷人的列车被废弃，包括“20世纪有限公司”和伯灵顿的“德克萨斯西风”。
For the California Zephyr, too, time was running out.
对于加州和风号来说，时间也已经不多了。
Ernie von Ibsch, Brakeman: : I believe it went to the ICC about four times.
Ernie von Ibsch，Brakeman：我相信它被送交国际刑事法院大约四次。
And each one of those times was like waiting for the hour of execution.
每一次都像是在等待行刑的时刻。
And fortunately...
幸运的是...
and over the last minute, we got the 11th hour reprieve, and continued to operate and hope for the best.
在最后一刻，我们获得了第 11 个小时的缓刑，并继续运营并希望能有最好的结果。
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : The ridership actually increased when it became clear that the train was truly going to be abandoned in 1970.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈 (Bruce MacGregor)，编剧： 1970 年，当人们清楚地知道火车确实要被废弃时，乘客量实际上有所增加。
Some of us had inklings perhaps of writing about it, or photographing it.
我们中的一些人可能想写下它，或者拍摄它。
But for all of us, I think, in the those last six months, I think what motivated us was the sense of loss.
但我认为，对于我们所有人来说，在过去的六个月里，激励我们的是失落感。
Ted Benson, Photographer: : This was after the announcement had come that the train was going to be discontinued.
Ted Benson，摄影师：：这是在火车即将停运的公告之后发生的。
And I think probably one of the most foreboding shots I got on that trip was a fish eye lens view of the train leaving Oroville right at dusk.
我想我在那次旅行中看到的最不祥的镜头之一可能是黄昏时分离开奥罗维尔的火车的鱼眼镜头视图。
And at that point I started making some plans to ride the train, although it was, you know, very early 1970 before I got around to actually going on the train.
就在那时，我开始制定一些乘坐火车的计划，尽管你知道，在 1970 年初我才真正开始乘坐火车。
This was that first day I rode the train in February of 1970.
这是 1970 年 2 月我第一天乘坐火车。
Art Jones was one of the porters on the train.
阿特·琼斯是火车上的搬运工之一。
They had maybe 50 people rode out of Oakland, at the most.
他们最多可能有 50 人从奥克兰出发。
And here's this coach porter riding alone in the coach, just this sea of empty seats.
这位搬运工独自坐在车厢里，车上空无一人。
This is another one of my favorites.
这是我最喜欢的另一张。
The Zephyr really wasn't the kind of a train that appealed to a lot of businessmen.
Zephyr 确实不是那种能吸引很多商人的火车。
They you know, if you were in a hurry to get someplace...
他们你知道，如果你急着去某个地方......
one guy seemed to have nothing but time on his hands to ride in the lounge car.
一个人似乎除了坐休闲车的时间之外一无所有。
Cathy von Ibsch, Zephyrette: : No one really believed it was going to happen.
Cathy von Ibsch，Zephyrette：没有人真正相信这会发生。
The crew just kept on doing their job.
工作人员只是继续做他们的工作。
Even though we got the bulletins with regard to the hearings and the outcomes day by day, there was always someone in the company that would hand write a note across: I don't believe this is happening.
尽管我们每天都会收到有关听证会和结果的公告，但公司里总有人会手写一张纸条：我不相信这种情况会发生。
It's not going to happen to us.
这不会发生在我们身上。
Bruce Macgregor, Writer: : My grandfather had taken so much pride in the train, and associated that pride with the railroad that he had worked with, that in my mind I associated his death with the train.
布鲁斯·麦克格雷格（Bruce Macgregor），作家：：我的祖父对火车感到非常自豪，并将这种自豪感与他曾经工作过的铁路联系在一起，以至于在我看来，我将他的死亡与火车联系在一起。
He died two years before the train came off, but he was aware of the discontinuance proceedings.
他在火车出发前两年去世，但他知道火车停运的程序。
And I'm sure that in the two years that he had to listen to the ongoing court debate, he wondered why.
我确信，在他不得不聆听正在进行的法庭辩论的两年里，他想知道为什么。
He probably wondered what had really become of something that he had believed in deeply.
他可能想知道他深信不疑的事情到底变成了什么样子。
Ted Benson, Photographer: : We got into Stockton on the last eastbound trip, they had...
特德·本森（Ted Benson），摄影师：：我们在上次东行旅行中进入了斯托克顿，他们...
there were a few protesters there.
那里有一些抗议者。
And there was a father and a mother and their infant daughter.
还有一位父亲、一位母亲和他们的小女儿。
And she's got a sign that says: "Is progress our most important product?
她有一个牌子，上面写着：“进步是我们最重要的产品吗？
" And, you know, father's got the sign that just really struck a nerve with me.
“而且，你知道，父亲的这个标志确实让我感到不安。
It was, "Hey Dad, what's a passenger train?
它是，“嘿爸爸，什么是客运列车？
"
”
Cathy Von Ibsch, Zephyrette: : It was a very emotional last run.
Cathy Von Ibsch，Zephyrette：：最后一次跑步非常激动。
I rode from Oakland to Sacramento and then came back.
我从奥克兰骑车到萨克拉门托，然后又回来了。
Lot of people that we had met along the way, passengers that we had met that traveled on a regular basis on the train.
我们一路上遇到了很多人，我们遇到了经常乘坐火车的乘客。
There obviously was a lot of press.
显然有很多媒体报道。
It was a very sad, emotional time.
那是一段非常悲伤、情绪化的时刻。
It was a time where people just were part of a big family that felt like almost like a funeral.
在那个时代，人们只是一个大家庭的一部分，感觉就像一场葬礼。
Ted Benson, Photographer: : We got into Oakland...
Ted Benson，摄影师：：我们进入奥克兰......
just made the stop at the passenger station, and we had about one mile left to go down to Middle Harbor Road, which was the coach yard.
刚刚在客运站停下来，我们还剩下大约一英里就可以到达中港路，那里是长途汽车站。
The fireman pulled out some cigars and passed them out.
消防员拿出一些雪茄递出去。
And so we lit up our cigars and rode the last mile in the cab of the engine.
于是我们点燃了雪茄，在发动机驾驶室里完成了最后一英里。
And I just thought that was just a really good portrait of Gordon, just your classic engineer, hanging on to the whistle cord.
我只是认为这只是戈登的一个很好的肖像，只是你的经典工程师，紧紧抓住哨子线。
He was doing his last mile on a passenger train.
他正在客运列车上完成最后一英里。
This was in the yard at in Oakland, Middle Harbor Road.
这是在奥克兰中港路的院子里。
The Zephyr had come in and tied up for the very last time.
和风号已经驶入并最后一次系绳。
And that was, that was it.
就是这样，就是这样。
We didn't know if we'd ever see a train like that again.
我们不知道是否还能再看到这样的火车。
And I guess you could say we didn't.
我想你可能会说我们没有。
Bruce MacGregor, Writer: : The irony was, of course, that the same year that the California Zephyr actually vanished, Amtrak would be born.
布鲁斯·麦格雷戈（Bruce MacGregor），编剧：：当然，具有讽刺意味的是，在加州和风号实际上消失的同一年，美国铁路公司（Amtrak）诞生了。
So that in reality, we had continuity, we actually never lost it.
所以实际上，我们有连续性，我们实际上从未失去它。
But I think the thing that we lost was the thing that we were losing all along.
但我认为我们失去的东西正是我们一直在失去的东西。
It was the fact that most Americans weren't traveling by train; that we were really well beyond the point of committing to airplanes and a faster pace of life.
事实上，大多数美国人并不乘坐火车旅行；而是乘坐火车。我们真的远远超出了致力于飞机和更快生活节奏的程度。
And it gave us a chance to perhaps mourn a lifestyle or a connection that we knew we had lost anyway.
它给了我们一个机会，也许可以哀悼我们明知已经失去的生活方式或联系。
Narrator: Ralph Budd -- the pioneer of the Burlington Zephyrs -- died in 1962 at the age of 86, still convinced that streamliners would see a bright future.
旁白：伯灵顿微风队的先驱拉尔夫·巴德 (Ralph Budd) 于 1962 年去世，享年 86 岁，他仍然坚信流线型飞机将会看到光明的未来。
In Europe and Japan the Zephyrs' example helped build extensive networks of high-speed, inter-city trains; in the United States public funding remained focused on airports and highways.
在欧洲和日本，Zephyrs 的例子帮助建立了广泛的高速城际列车网络；在美国，公共资金仍然集中在机场和高速公路上。
After 26 years of service and more than three million miles -- the original Zephyr rolled into Chicago one last time...
经过 26 年的服役和超过 300 万英里的服役，最初的 Zephyr 最后一次驶入芝加哥……
to take up residence at a local museum.
住在当地的博物馆。
When Streamliners premiered on PBS, producers asked visitors to share any memories they had of streamliner trains.
当《流线型列车》在 PBS 上首映时，制片人要求参观者分享他们对流线型列车的任何回忆。
The Chicago Century of Progress Exposition, all jagged edges and bold colors, invited visitors to take a peek at the future.
芝加哥进步世纪博览会，所有锯齿状边缘和大胆的色彩，邀请参观者一睹未来。
The ride would prove historic, too, going down in the books as the longest nonstop train trip the world had ever witnessed.
这次旅程也将被证明是历史性的，作为世界上最长的不间断火车旅行而载入史册。
In 1887, Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act, making the railroads the first industry subject to federal regulation.
1887 年，国会通过了《州际商业法》，使铁路成为第一个受联邦监管的行业。
Though the now-legendary Burlington Zephyr was in production, it was Averell Harrimann and the Union Pacific that gave America its first taste of streamline design.
尽管现在具有传奇色彩的 Burlington Zephyr 已经投入生产，但让美国第一次尝到流线型设计的却是 Averell Harrimann 和联合太平洋公司。
It wasn't until the late 19th century that manufacturers learned how to mass produce metals inexpensively, and to forge a material as useful as stainless steel.
直到 19 世纪末，制造商才学会如何廉价地大规模生产金属，并锻造出像不锈钢一样有用的材料。
Gliding through the Colorado Rockies, the "cruise ship on wheels" celebrated train travel, and was in turn celebrated in song by Hank Williams.
这艘“轮子上的游轮”滑过科罗拉多落基山脉，庆祝火车旅行，汉克·威廉姆斯也用歌曲来庆祝。
The industrial design profession was born from the ashes of the Wall Street crash of 1929.
工业设计职业诞生于 1929 年华尔街崩盘的废墟中。
John Stevens was appointed chief engineer of the Panama Canal Project in 1905 based on his accomplishments — some might call them feats — at James J.
约翰·史蒂文斯 (John Stevens) 于 1905 年被任命为巴拿马运河项目的总工程师，因为他在 James J.
Hill's Great Northern Railway.
希尔的大北方铁路。
Considered one of America's great inventors, Charles Kettering and his 140 patents had an incomparable impact on modern American life.
查尔斯·凯特林 (Charles Kettering) 被认为是美国最伟大的发明家之一，他和他的 140 项专利对现代美国生活产生了无可比拟的影响。
Mike Sarna is the curator of the Pioneer Zephyr exhibit, which displays a restored streamliner train at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.
迈克·萨纳 (Mike Sarna) 是先锋 Zephyr 展览的策展人，该展览在芝加哥科学与工业博物馆展出了经过修复的流线型火车。
Iron is the main ingredient in various forms of iron and steel, but the various types of metals contain other elements as well.
铁是各种钢铁的主要成分，但各种金属还含有其他元素。