Scottsboro: An American Tragedy

Hear the rattle of gravel as it rides whistling through the day and night.

聆听碎石在白天和黑夜呼啸而行时发出的嘎嘎声。

Not the old or the young on it, nor people with any difference in their color or shape, not girls or men, Negroes or white, but people with this in common: people that no one had use for, had nothing to give to, no place to offer, but the cars of a freight-train careening through Paint Rock, through Memphis, through town after town without halting.

不是这里的老人或年轻人，也不是肤色或体形有任何差异的人，不是女孩或男人，黑人或白人，而是有一个共同点的人：没有人使用的人，没有什么可以给予，没有地方可以提供，但一列货运火车的车厢在油漆岩上猛冲，穿过孟菲斯，穿过一个又一个城镇，不停歇。

FRANK GRIGG, Resident: I've had people that knew that you and I were going to have this conversation and some of them said, no, don't do it.

弗兰克·格里格，住院医师：有人知道你和我将进行这次谈话，但他们中的一些人说，不，不要这样做。

Don't stir it up again.

别再搅动它了。

I said, 'well, it's a part of us.'

我说：“好吧，这是我们的一部分。”

WAYNE FLYNT, Historian: It begins with a fairly clear cut issue of black and white, of sexuality, of rape.

韦恩·弗林特，历史学家：它从一个相当清晰的黑白问题、性问题和强奸问题开始。

Then it becomes increasing confused.

然后它变得越来越混乱。

The image of the black man was that he was anxious at all times to rape a white woman.

黑人的形象是他时刻渴望强奸白人妇女。

It was the Scottsboro case that met that issue head on.

斯科茨伯勒案直接遇到了这个问题。

PERRY BRUSKIN, Former Activist: Will you let them murder the nine Negro boys in Scottsboro?

佩里·布鲁斯金（PERRY BRUSKIN），前活动人士：你会让他们谋杀斯科茨伯勒的九个黑人男孩吗？

No!

不！

Louder: No!

大声：不！

Organize, demonstrate, protest.

组织、示威、抗议。

Raise your voices.

提高声音。

BRYAN STEVENSON, Attorney: What Scottsboro teaches us is that you cannot underestimate the power of our history as it relates to race, as it relates to poverty, as it relates to sectionalism, in the struggle for justice.

布莱恩·史蒂文森，律师：斯科茨伯勒告诉我们的是，你不能低估我们历史的力量，因为它与种族、贫困、地区主义以及争取正义的斗争有关。

On the morning of March 25, 1931, a freight of the Southern Rail Corporation left Chattanooga, Tennessee bound for points west.

1931 年 3 月 25 日上午，南方铁路公司的一列货物从田纳西州查塔努加出发，前往西部地区。

Scattered among the cars of the freight were some two dozen hoboes -- black and white.

货运车厢中散布着大约两打流浪汉，有黑人和白人。

A few minutes out of Lookout Mountain, the train dipped into the Northeastern corner of Alabama.

离开卢考特山几分钟后，火车驶入阿拉巴马州的东北角。

MILLS THORNTON, Historian: As the train emerged from the tunnel under Lookout Mountain, a group of whites was moving along the top of the train and they stepped on the hand of one of the blacks and almost knocked him off the train.

米尔斯·桑顿，历史学家：当火车从卢考特山下的隧道中驶出时，一群白人沿着火车顶部移动，他们踩到了其中一名黑人的手，差点把他撞下火车。

The hand belonged to an 18 year-old named Haywood Patterson, who was on his way to Memphis to look for work.

这只手属于一位名叫海伍德·帕特森 (Haywood Patterson) 的 18 岁少年，当时他正在去孟菲斯找工作的路上。

Voice of Patterson: We was just mindin' our own business, when one of them said, 'This is a white man's train.

帕特森的声音：我们正忙着自己的事，其中一个人说：“这是一列白人的火车。”

All you Nigger bastards unload.' But we weren't goin' nowhere so there was a fight.

你们这些黑鬼混蛋都卸下来了。但我们哪儿也不去，所以发生了一场战斗。

We got the best of it and threw them off.

我们充分利用了这一点并摆脱了他们。

Word of the fight reached the tiny town of Paint Rock, Alabama, where the train was scheduled to stop and take on water.

战斗的消息传到了阿拉巴马州的佩特罗克小镇，火车原定在那里停下来进水。

JAMES GOODMAN, Historian: In Paint Rock news goes out that there is a gang of Blacks, a gang of Negroes on the train that beat up a gang of Whites.

詹姆斯·古德曼（JAMES GOODMAN），历史学家：在油漆岩（Paint Rock）有消息称，火车上有一群黑人、一群黑人殴打了一群白人。

A posse is organized.

组织了一个队伍。

Virtually every man in Paint Rock with a gun or a rope shows up.

事实上，油漆岩里的每个人都拿着枪或绳子出现。

The train stops.

火车停了。

The posse goes up and down the train looking in all the cars.

小组在火车上走来走去，检查所有车厢。

Suddenly, from the shadows of a box-car, emerged two white women: pale and disheveled.

突然，从一辆棚车的阴影里出现了两个白人妇女：脸色苍白，头发蓬乱。

DAN CARTER, Historian: At first they weren't even aware that they were women.

丹·卡特，历史学家：起初，她们甚至不知道自己是女性。

They were wearing overalls.

他们穿着工作服。

They identified themselves as Victoria Price and Ruby Bates.

他们自称为维多利亚·普莱斯和鲁比·贝茨。

And there are conflicting accounts about who said what, when.

关于谁在何时说了什么，存在着相互矛盾的说法。

But one of the young women said, 'we've been raped.

但其中一名年轻女子说，‘我们被强奸了。

All those colored boys raped us.' And that was it.

所有那些黑人男孩都强奸了我们。”就是这样。

CLYDE BARCLAY, Paint Rock Resident: A bunch of people here got the guys off the train, marched them up here about where this old building, right across from where the white wrecked car is there -- lined them up against the wall there.

克莱德·巴克利（CLYDE BARCLAY），Paint Rock 居民：这里有一群人把这些人从火车上救下来，把他们带到了这座老建筑附近，就在白色失事汽车所在的地方对面，把他们靠在墙上排成一排。

BILLY O'NEAL, Paint Rock Resident: I saw a lot of people surrounding those boys, many of them having guns of course and ropes or pieces of rope.

比利·奥尼尔（BILLY O'NEAL），Paint Rock 居民：我看到那些男孩周围有很多人，其中许多人当然拿着枪和绳子或绳子。

They were intent on mayhem.

他们一心要制造混乱。

There were nine prisoners in all.

总共有九名囚犯。

One of them was 19 year-old Clarence Norris.

19 岁的克拉伦斯·诺里斯就是其中之一。

Norris, audio: The place was surrounded with a mob.

诺里斯，音频：这个地方被一群暴徒包围了。

They had shotguns, pistols, sticks, pieces a' iron, everything.

他们有猎枪、手枪、棍棒、铁片，什么都有。

The crowd commenced to hollerin' let's take these black son-or-a-bitches up here and put 'em to a tree.

人群开始喊叫，让我们把这些黑人狗娘养的带到这里来，把他们放到一棵树上。

I just thought that I was gonna die.

我只是以为我要死了。

Clarence Norris.

克拉伦斯·诺里斯.

The prisoners were loaded onto a truck and driven to the nearby town of Scottsboro.

囚犯被装上一辆卡车，开往附近的斯科茨伯勒镇。

ROBERT WANN, Sheriff's son: On March 25, 1931, a friend and I were playing basketball on the side of the Jackson County jail.

罗伯特·万 (ROBERT WANN)，警长的儿子：1931 年 3 月 25 日，我和一个朋友在杰克逊县监狱旁边打篮球。

And we noticed a flatbed stake-body truck stop in front of the jail with a guard with rifles on each corner.

我们注意到监狱前停着一辆平板桩式卡车，每个角落都有一名拿着步枪的警卫。

They quickly unloaded the prisoners.

他们很快就把囚犯卸下来了。

BILLY WANN, Sheriff's son: Crowds were beginning to form outside the jail.....The rumor was that they were going to go into the jail.

比利·旺，治安官的儿子：监狱外开始聚集人群……有传言说他们要进监狱。

There was already poles outside that they were going to break the door down with.

外面已经有杆子了，他们准备用这些杆子把门撬开。

Norris, audio: Cars, trucks, they was comin' in all kinds of ways, the mob was.

诺里斯，音频：汽车、卡车，他们以各种方式涌来，暴徒们。

'Bring them niggers outta there.

“把那些黑鬼带出去。”

If you don't bring them out, we'll come in and get 'em.' That's all you could hear, all over that little town.

如果你不把他们带出来，我们就会进来抓他们。这就是你在整个小镇所能听到的一切。

KWANDO KINSHASA, Historian: The sheriff goes out on the front porch and basically makes the comment to the growing crowd outside that the first individual that puts a step on that door, puts their foot on their door step he's gonna kill 'em.

KWANDO KINSHASA，历史学家：治安官走到前廊，基本上对外面越来越多的人群发表评论，第一个踏上门的人，将脚踩在门阶上的人，他会杀了他们。

By the next morning, the National Guard had secured the jail while newspapers identified what one called "the nine Negro brutes."

第二天早上，国民警卫队已经控制了监狱，报纸也确认了所谓的“九名黑人暴徒”的身份。

Of the nine, only four had known each other before their arrest.

这九人中，只有四人在被捕前互相认识。

Charlie Weems, the oldest, was 19; Eugene Williams, the youngest, 13.

查理·威姆斯 (Charlie Weems) 年龄最大，19 岁；尤金·威廉姆斯 (Eugene Williams)，最小的，13 岁。

Willie Roberson suffered from syphilis so severe he could barely walk.

威利·罗伯森患有严重的梅毒，几乎无法行走。

Olin Montgomery, nearly blind, had been looking for a job to pay for a pair of glasses.

奥林·蒙哥马利几乎失明，一直在寻找一份工作来支付一副眼镜的费用。

Clarence Norris had left behind ten brothers and sisters in rural Georgia.

克拉伦斯·诺里斯 (Clarence Norris) 在佐治亚州农村留下了十个兄弟姐妹。

Ozie Powell had been found riding alone.

奥齐·鲍威尔被发现独自骑行。

Andy Wright, 19, and his thirteen year-old brother Roy had ridden from Chattanooga together.

19 岁的安迪·赖特 (Andy Wright) 和他 13 岁的弟弟罗伊 (Roy) 一起从查塔努加骑行。

It was Roy's first time away from home.

这是罗伊第一次离开家。

Haywood Patterson had been riding the freight trains so long, he said he could light a butt in the wind from the top of a moving car.

海伍德·帕特森（Haywood Patterson）已经乘坐货运列车这么久了，他说他可以从行驶中的车厢顶部在风中点燃烟蒂。

By the time the nine defendants had taken to the rails, the full brunt of the Depression had already struck the South.

当九名被告走上正轨时，大萧条的全面冲击已经袭击了南方。

And no state was hurting worse than Alabama.

没有哪个州的损失比阿拉巴马州更严重。

Like the nine alleged rapists, their two accusers had been driven onto the rails by economic necessity.

和九名被指控的强奸犯一样，他们的两名原告也是因经济需要而走上正轨的。

Ruby Bates, 17, and Victoria Price, 21, hailed from the cotton center of Huntsville, 50 miles from Scottsboro.

17 岁的鲁比·贝茨 (Ruby Bates) 和 21 岁的维多利亚·普莱斯 (Victoria Price) 来自棉花中心亨茨维尔 (Huntsville)，距离斯科茨伯勒 (Scottsboro) 50 英里。

They worked together in the poorest of the town's textile mills.

他们一起在镇上最贫穷的纺织厂工作。

At 21, Price was already twice married and had served time in the workhouse for adultery and vagrancy.

21 岁时，普莱斯已经结过两次婚，并因通奸和流浪而在济贫院服刑。

The mills in which the girls worked employed mostly young women.

女孩们工作的工厂雇用的大多是年轻女性。

They labored up to 14 hours a day in deafening noise, air choked with cotton lint, and near complete darkness.

他们每天在震耳欲聋的噪音、充满棉绒的空气和几乎完全黑暗的环境中工作长达 14 个小时。

By 1931, wages in the mills had dropped so low that Victoria and Ruby could only afford to live in the black section of Huntsville where they occasionally traded sex with both black and white men for food and clothing.

到 1931 年，工厂的工资已经降得如此之低，维多利亚和鲁比只能住在亨茨维尔的黑人区，在那里他们偶尔与黑人和白人进行性交易以换取食物和衣服。

The trials of the nine defendants for rape got under way on Monday, April 6 in the Scottsboro courthouse.

4 月 6 日星期一，对九名强奸罪被告的审判在斯科茨伯勒法院开始。

It was a traditional trading day in town, but the usual crowd was swelled by thousands more from hundreds of miles around.

这是镇上传统的交易日，但平常的人群却挤满了来自数百英里之外的数千人。

Eventually, the largest crowd in Scottsboro's history squeezed into the courthouse square, as a brass band played "Dixie" and "Hail, hail, the gang's all here."

最终，斯科茨伯勒历史上最大规模的人群挤进了法院广场，铜管乐队演奏着“迪克西”和“万岁，万岁，这帮人都在这里”。

Two hundred national guardsmen ringed the courthouse to keep the crowd from rushing its doors.

两百名国民警卫队人员包围了法院，阻止人群冲进法院大门。

ARCHIE STEWART, Scottsboro Resident: They had strings up so the mob could not get up beyond the string.

阿奇·斯图尔特（ARCHIE STEWART），斯科茨伯勒居民：他们拉起了绳子，这样暴民就无法越过绳子爬起来。

So whenever the guard would pass, the crowd would push beyond the sting, and the guard would turn on his heels, throw his gun down, and say:' get back!' But as soon as he would turn his back, they were back again.

因此，每当警卫经过时，人群就会挤过刺痛点，警卫就会转过身来，扔下枪，并说：“回来！”但他一转身，他们又回来了。

The crowds outside the courthouse were drawn by what one newspaper called the "most unspeakable crime in the history of Alabama."

法院外的人群被一家报纸称为“阿拉巴马州历史上最难以形容的犯罪行为”所吸引。

Since the days of slavery and before, what was presumed to be the black man's insatiable sexual appetite for white women had struck fear in the hearts of Southern whites.

自奴隶制时代及之前以来，黑人对白人女性永不满足的性欲引起了南方白人的恐惧。

ROBIN KELLEY, Historian: The protection of white womanhood it might be the pivot around all of Southern culture.

罗宾·凯利（Robin Kelley），历史学家：对白人女性的保护可能是所有南方文化的支点。

The five thousand people who were lynched from 1880 to 1940, most of those were cases of black men accused of raping or sexually assaulting a white woman.

从 1880 年到 1940 年，有 5000 人被处以私刑，其中大多数是黑人男子被指控强奸或性侵犯白人妇女的案件。

In the early 1930's the incidents of lynchings in the South had spiked upward, tracking the economic misery of poor whites.

1930 年代初期，南方的私刑事件激增，反映出贫困白人的经济苦难。

But so too had the efforts of a small, but powerful faction opposed to lynching.

但一个小而强大的反对私刑的派系也做出了努力。

With the Scottsboro trials, the anti-lynching forces hoped to prove that in Alabama the rule of law would prevail against the passions of the mob

通过斯科茨伯勒审判，反私刑力量希望证明在阿拉巴马州，法治将战胜暴民的激情

As the trial began, Victoria Price took the stand and told a chilling story.

审判开始后，维多利亚·普莱斯出庭并讲述了一个令人毛骨悚然的故事。

Voice: There were six to me and three to her.

声音：我有六个，她有三个。

One was holding my legs and the other had a knife to my throat while another ravished me.

一个人抓住我的腿，另一个人用刀架在我的喉咙上，另一个人则对我进行蹂躏。

That one sitting behind the defendants' counsel took my overalls off.

坐在被告律师后面的那个人脱掉了我的工作服。

Six of them had intercourse with me.

其中六个人与我发生了性关系。

'Pour it to her, pour it to her' they hollered.

“倒给她，倒给她”他们喊道。

Ruby Bates corroborated her friend's story in every detail, though she could not identify any of her attackers.

鲁比·贝茨证实了她朋友的故事的每一个细节，但她无法确认袭击者的身份。

Unable to get a lawyer in Scottsboro, the nine accused rapists were being represented by a Chattanooga real estate attorney hired with $60 scraped together by their parents.

由于无法在斯科茨伯勒聘请律师，九名被指控的强奸犯由父母凑了 60 美元聘请的查塔努加房地产律师代理。

The defendants had just one twenty-minute meeting with their lawyer, during which he urged them to plead guilty.

被告只与律师进行了一次二十分钟的会面，期间律师敦促他们认罪。

Now, the boys were the only witnesses called to testify in their own defense.

现在，男孩们是唯一被传唤为自己辩护的证人。

Clarence Norris and Haywood Patterson were the first two to take the stand.

克拉伦斯·诺里斯和海伍德·帕特森是最先出庭的两人。

Norris, audiotape: The courthouse were full of people and they were jumpin' up out their seats with pistols, wasn't a black person around nowhere.

诺里斯，录音带：法院里挤满了人，他们拿着手枪从座位上跳起来，不是到处都是黑人。

Everybody was white but just us nine.

每个人都是白人，但只有我们九个人。

The trials lasted three days.

审判持续了三天。

All nine Scottsboro defendants were convicted of rape.

斯科茨伯勒的所有九名被告均被判犯有强奸罪。

The jury could not decide whether to sentence thirteen year-old Roy Wright to life-in-prison or death.

陪审团无法决定是否判处 13 岁的罗伊·赖特终身监禁或死刑。

All the others were sentenced to die in the Alabama electric chair.

其他所有人都被判处死刑，死在阿拉巴马州的电椅上。

The Scottsboro defendants, now convicted rapists, were taken to Kilby prison near Montgomery, the pride of the Alabama system.

斯科茨伯勒的被告现已被定罪为强奸犯，被带到蒙哥马利附近的基尔比监狱，这是阿拉巴马州系统的骄傲。

Two to a cell, the boys looked out on 50 foot walls topped by gun turrets on each corner.

男孩们两人住一间牢房，向外望去，墙壁高 50 英尺，墙角的每个角落都有炮塔。

Their first night in Kilby, the boys rioted, tearing up their bedding and hurling their food through the bars.

在基尔比的第一个晚上，男孩们发生骚乱，撕毁床上用品，把食物扔进栅栏。

Guards rushed their cells and beat them.

警卫冲进他们的牢房并殴打他们。

Patterson voice: The cell door banged open.

帕特森的声音：牢房门砰地打开了。

They beat on us with their fists, they kicked and tramped on our legs.

他们用拳头殴打我们，用脚踢、踩我们的腿。

The sheriff said to me: 'see that gallows, nigger.

治安官对我说：‘黑鬼，看那个绞刑架。

If you don't quieten' down I'll take you around to that gallows and hang you myself.' Haywood Patterson.

如果你不安静下来，我就会带你到绞刑架上，亲自绞死你。海伍德·帕特森。

When help did come, it was from the most unlikely of sources: the Communist Party of the United States.

当帮助确实到来时，它来自最不可能的来源：美国共产党。

By 1931, the Communists were a small but dynamic force.

到 1931 年，共产党已成为一支规模虽小但充满活力的力量。

Opportunistic and organized, they seized on the Depression as proof of the inevitable decline of capitalism and the rise of a workers' paradise.

他们机会主义且有组织性，他们抓住大萧条作为资本主义不可避免的衰落和工人天堂崛起的证据。

For years, the Communist Party had devoted special attention to the American South, and to Southern blacks in particular.

多年来，共产党特别关注美国南方，特别是南方黑人。

LLOYD BROWN, Former Communist: The view was that in the south we had a uncompleted revolution.

劳埃德·布朗（LLOYD BROWN），前共产党员：人们认为，在南方，我们有一场未完成的革命。

The abolition of slavery had not been really fulfilled we now had sharecropping.

废除奴隶制并没有真正实现，我们现在实行的是佃农制。

We had literally tens of thousands of people who were bound to the farm in debt, work all year, at the end of the year they would have nothing left.

我们实际上有数以万计的人，他们负债累累，全年无休地工作，到年底他们将一无所有。

We felt that the system was maintained only in one way: by terror.

我们认为这个系统只能以一种方式维持：通过恐怖。

Terror -- if you get out of line you're lynched.

恐怖——如果你越界，你就会被处以私刑。

But the communists had found Southern blacks deeply rooted in the system.

但共产党人发现南方黑人深深植根于这个体系。

Organizers believed they needed a striking example of what they called "Southern lynch justice" to rouse blacks to action.

组织者认为，他们需要一个他们所谓的“南方私刑正义”的引人注目的例子来唤醒黑人采取行动。

The mass arrests in Scottsboro were just what they were waiting for.

斯科茨伯勒的大规模逮捕正是他们所等待的。

Only three weeks after the Scottsboro trials, the communists launched their first demonstration on behalf of the Scottsboro defendants.

斯科茨伯勒审判仅三周后，共产党人就代表斯科茨伯勒被告发起了第一次示威。

Voice: Two hundred communists undertook to march down Lenox Avenue through the center of Harlem yesterday afternoon in defiance of the police.

声音：昨天下午，两百名共产党人不顾警察的威胁，沿着莱诺克斯大道游行穿过哈莱姆区中心。

Fifteen minutes later, when twenty policemen had replaced their nightsticks and the screams of women in the crowd had died down, the sidewalk was strewn with communist banners.

十五分钟后，当二十名警察放回警棍，人群中妇女的尖叫声逐渐平息时，人行道上就布满了共产主义横幅。

The New York Times.

纽约时报。

But there were other organizations, principally the venerable NAACP, eager to defend the Scottsboro boys, for whom the Communist Party's public demonstrations seemed self-serving, even dangerous.

但还有其他组织，主要是受人尊敬的全国有色人种协进会，渴望捍卫斯科茨伯勒男孩，对他们来说，共产党的公开示威似乎是自私的，甚至是危险的。

In June, lawyers from the International Labor Defense, the legal arm of the Communist Party, visited the boys in Kilby, trying to raise their spirits and secure control of their defense.

六月，共产党的合法机构国际劳工辩护组织的律师拜访了基尔比的男孩们，试图振奋他们的精神并确保他们的辩护得到控制。

The ILD lawyers dressed as farmers to elude the suspicions of Kilby's wardens.

ILD 的律师们打扮成农民，以避免基尔比看守的怀疑。

SYBIL WASHINGTON, Writer: They put on overalls and a straw hat and put a straw in their mouth and went down to Alabama to see the Scottsboro boys.

西比尔·华盛顿，作家：他们穿上工作服，戴上草帽，嘴里塞上一根吸管，前往阿拉巴马州看望斯科茨伯勒男孩。

Voice of Schwartzbart: They had been in a very bad psychological condition.

施瓦茨巴特之声：他们的心理状况非常糟糕。

We brought them cigarettes and chocolate.

我们给他们带来了香烟和巧克力。

They were scared but they were they were delighted to see us.

他们很害怕，但看到我们很高兴。

But the boys' remained deeply confused by the appearance of white men from the North bearing promises of liberation.

但男孩们仍然对来自北方的带着解放承诺的白人的出现深感困惑。

It was not until a young organizer visited the parents of Haywood Patterson and the mother of Ozie Powell, that the communists finally secured control of the defense.

直到一位年轻的组织者拜访了海伍德·帕特森的父母和奥齐·鲍威尔的母亲，共产党才最终控制了防守。

MARY LICHT, Communist Organizer: I told them if the International Labor Defense comes we don't believe in just having a trial.

玛丽·莱希特，共产主义组织者：我告诉他们，如果国际劳工辩护到来，我们不相信仅仅进行审判。

We believe in masses of people being behind the causes you're fighting for, and that's how the International Labor Defense Works.

我们相信，你们所奋斗的事业背后有广大人民群众的支持，这就是国际劳工保护组织的运作方式。

With control of the case, the communists set about to bring Scottsboro to the attention of the entire world.

随着案件的控制，共产党人开始让斯科茨伯勒引起全世界的关注。

In November 1932, Communists took their public protests to the steps of the Capitol, where they were routed by the police.

1932 年 11 月，共产党人在国会大厦的台阶上进行公开抗议，但遭到警察的驱散。

But inside, their lawyers were appealing the Scottsboro verdict before the Supreme Court of the United States.

但在内部，他们的律师正在向美国最高法院上诉斯科茨伯勒的判决。

The Justices considered whether in Scottsboro trials, the boys' legal defense had been so inadequate that it violated their rights to legal due process.

法官们考虑了在斯科茨伯勒的审判中，男孩们的法律辩护是否不够充分，以至于侵犯了他们享有法律正当程序的权利。

By a vote of 7-2, they concluded that it had.

他们以 7 比 2 的投票结果得出结论：确实如此。

Alabama authorities immediately resolved to retry, reconvict, and execute the nine defendants.

阿拉巴马州当局立即决定重审、重新定罪并处决九名被告。

In the early 1930's, the best-known criminal lawyer in America, after Clarence Darrow, was New York's Samuel L.

1930 年代初，继克拉伦斯·达罗 (Clarence Darrow) 之后，美国最著名的刑事律师是纽约的塞缪尔·L·

Leibowitz.

莱博维茨。

Leibowitz had won fame and fortune by defending gangsters, kidnappers, rapists, corrupt cops, and jealous lovers.

莱博维茨通过为黑帮、绑架者、强奸犯、腐败警察和嫉妒的恋人辩护而赢得了名声和财富。

In fifteen years, he had won 77 out of 78 murder cases -- the 78th resulted in a hung jury.

十五年来，他赢了 78 起谋杀案中的 77 起——第 78 起导致陪审团悬而未决。

ROBERT LEIBOWITZ, Defense Attorney's son: He had a supple baritone instrument for a voice which he could use like a Paderevsky or a Yasha Haifitz so to speak.

罗伯特·莱博维茨，辩护律师的儿子：他拥有一种柔和的男中音乐器，可以像帕德列夫斯基或雅莎·海菲茨一样使用。

And he had a sense of timing that Jack Benny would have envied.

而且他有一种让杰克·本尼羡慕的时机感。

In January, 1933, Joseph Brodsky, one of the leaders of the International Labor Defense, asked Leibowitz to take over as chief defense attorney.

1933年1月，国际劳工辩护领袖之一约瑟夫·布罗茨基要求莱博维茨接任首席辩护律师。

But Leibowitz was wary of entanglement with the communists.

但莱博维茨对与共产党的纠缠持谨慎态度。

But if one thing was more important to Leibowitz than political principal it was his personal reputation, and the Scottsboro affair was fast becoming an international cause celebre.

但对莱博维茨来说，如果有一件事比政治校长更重要的话，那就是他的个人声誉，而斯科茨伯勒事件很快成为一项国际事件。

The second trial of the Scottsboro defendants had been moved to Decatur, a town in Northeast, Alabama.

斯科茨伯勒被告的第二次审判已移至阿拉巴马州东北部的小镇迪凯特。

As it opened in April, 1933, three hundred spectators crowded the hallways waiting to enter the courtroom.

1933 年 4 月开庭时，三百名观众挤在走廊里等待进入法庭。

Hundreds more gathered outside.

还有数百人聚集在外面。

ATHLENE BANKS, Decatur Resident: I went because of history.

雅典娜·班克斯（ATHLENE BANKS），迪凯特居民：我去是因为历史。

I had never seen anything like that before, and I wanted to know just how it would be carried on.

我以前从未见过这样的事情，我想知道它会如何进行。

When we entered the courtroom, we were not told the way to go, we knew the way to go: because it was black on one side and white on the other.

当我们进入法庭时，我们没有被告知要走的路，我们知道要走的路：因为它的一侧是黑色，另一侧是白色。

Leibowitz had won a motion to try the defendants separately.

莱博维茨赢得了单独审判被告的动议。

To stand trial first, the state had selected 19 year-old Haywood Patterson.

首先，该州选择了 19 岁的海伍德·帕特森 (Haywood Patterson) 出庭受审。

VAN GLASSCOCK, Former National Guardsman: Patterson was mean.

范·格拉斯科克（VAN GLASSCOCK），前国民警卫队队员：帕特森很刻薄。

I looked him in the eye first time we brought him out of jail.

当我们把他带出监狱时，我第一次看着他的眼睛。

I saw he'd kill if he got a chance.

我看他一有机会就会杀人。

Alabama would entrust the prosecution of the case to its highest-ranking lawyer -- Attorney General Thomas Knight.

阿拉巴马州将委托该州最高级别的律师——司法部长托马斯·奈特负责此案的起诉。

The 34 year-old Knight had the demeanor, one reporter wrote, "of a small and enthusiastic child." Yet he was Leibowitz' equal in the courtroom; and like Leibowitz, he was highly ambitious.

一位记者写道，这位 34 岁的奈特有着“一个小而热情的孩子”的举止。然而，他在法庭上与莱博维茨是平等的。和莱博维茨一样，他也雄心勃勃。

Presiding over the case would be the chief judge of the local circuit court, 55 year-old James E.

主持此案的是当地巡回法院的首席法官、55 岁的 James E.

Horton.

霍顿。

Jury selection took place under heavy security.

陪审团的遴选是在严密安保下进行的。

The twelve jurors ultimately chosen to sit in judgment of Patterson included a shopkeeper, a barber, a clerk and several farmers.

最终选出对帕特森做出判决的十二名陪审员包括一名店主、一名理发师、一名店员和几名农民。

All of them were white.

他们都是白色的。

As the state prepared to present its case, newspapers reported the mysterious disappearance of Ruby Bates who was rumored to have been kidnapped or even killed.

当该州准备陈述案情时，报纸报道了鲁比·贝茨神秘失踪的消息，据传她被绑架甚至被杀害。

Every effort by the prosecution and defense to find her had come up empty.

控方和辩方为寻找她所做的一切努力都徒劳无功。

More than ever, the prosecution would rise or fall on the testimony of Victoria Price alone.

检方比以往任何时候都更依赖于维多利亚·普莱斯的证词。

Voice: I hollered for help until they stopped me, until some of them knocked me in the head with the butt-end of a gun.

声音：我大声呼救，直到他们阻止我，直到他们中的一些人用枪托敲击我的头。

They unfastened my overalls while I was standing up and then they threw me down on the gravel and finished pulling them off my feet.

当我站起来时，他们解开我的工作服，然后把我扔到砾石上，最后把它们从我的脚上拉下来。

This Negro grabbed me by the legs and pulled them open and then one of them put a knife on my throat, and one got on top of me.

那个黑人抓住我的腿，把它们拉开，然后其中一个人把刀架在我的喉咙上，另一个人骑到了我身上。

Price's direct testimony lasted just 16 minutes, but made a powerful impression on the jury and the audience in the courtroom.

普莱斯的直接证词只持续了16分钟，但却给陪审团和法庭上的观众留下了深刻的印象。

But Leibowitz was unconcerned.

但莱博维茨并不关心。

For months, he had waited for this moment: the chance to confront Victoria Price in a court of law.

几个月来，他一直在等待这一刻：在法庭上与维多利亚·普莱斯对质的机会。

He began his cross-examination by setting out an exact replica of the freight train which he had procured from the Lionel Toy Corporation.

他首先拿出一列他从莱昂内尔玩具公司购买的货运列车的精确复制品，开始进行盘问。

Leibowitz: Just look at this little replica and tell me it fairly represents the general appearance of the box car you rode on?

莱博维茨：只要看看这个小复制品，告诉我它是否完全代表了您乘坐的棚车的总体外观？

Price: It kinda represents one, but it ain't like the one I was on.

价格：它有点代表一个，但它不像我穿的那个。

Leibowitz: In what way is it different, can you say?

莱博维茨：你能说一下有什么不同吗？

Leibowitz: If you can't say, why do you say it is different?

莱博维茨：如果你不能说，为什么说它不同呢？

Price: Because that is not the train I was on.

Price：因为那不是我坐的火车。

It was bigger, lots bigger -- that is a toy.

它更大，更大——那是一个玩具。

Again and again, Leibowitz attacked Price's story in every possible detail: her location on the train; her physical condition; her movements on the day before the alleged rape.

莱博维茨一次又一次地从每一个可能的细节攻击普莱斯的故事：她在火车上的位置；她的身体状况；她在被指控的强奸前一天的活动。

But in each case, Price was able to parry his attacks.

但在每一次事件中，普莱斯都能够招架他的攻击。

Leibowitz knew that he had to overcome one crucial piece of State's evidence: an examination of the girls just hours after they were brought from the train had turned up traces of semen in their bodies.

莱博维茨知道他必须克服国家证据中的一项重要证据：这些女孩被带出火车几小时后对其进行检查，结果发现她们体内有精液痕迹。

But Leibowitz believed he could explain the semen found in Price and Bates: not by rape on the day of the train ride, but by consensual sex the night before.

但莱博维茨相信他可以解释在普莱斯和贝茨身上发现的精液：不是通过乘火车当天的强奸，而是通过前一天晚上双方同意的性行为。

Price had claimed that she and Bates had spent that night in a boarding house in Chattanooga owned by a Mrs. Callie Brochie.

普莱斯声称，她和贝茨那天晚上在查塔努加的卡莉·布罗奇夫人拥有的寄宿处过夜。

But Leibowitz had scoured Chattanooga and found no Callie Brochie anywhere.

但莱博维茨找遍了查塔努加，却没有发现卡莉·布罗奇。

Leibowitz: You went to bed in the lady's house?

莱博维茨：你去那位女士家里睡觉了？

Leibowitz: Was it one floor or two floor?

莱博维茨：是一层还是两层？

Price: I don't remember, four or five room house.

价格：我不记得了，四房五房的。

Leibowitz: What sort of food, what did you do in the evening, what sort of bed or room?

莱博维茨：什么样的食物，你晚上做了什么，什么样的床或房间？

Leibowitz: By the way, Mrs. Price, as a matter of fact the name of Mrs. Callie you apply to this boarding house lady is the name of a boarding house lady used in the Saturday Evening Post stories: isn't that where you got the name?

莱博维茨：顺便说一句，普赖斯夫人，事实上，您为这位寄宿女女士申请的卡莉夫人的名字是《周六晚邮报》故事中使用的一位寄宿女女士的名字：您不是从那里得到这个名字的吗？

Price: I ain't never heard of that Callie!

普莱斯：我从来没有听说过凯莉！

Leibowitz had found a witness, a drifter named Lester Carter, who claimed that he knew where Price and Bates had really been the night before the train ride: with himself and a friend in a hobo camp near the train yards.

莱博维茨找到了一位目击者，一位名叫莱斯特·卡特的流浪者，他声称他知道乘坐火车的前一天晚上普莱斯和贝茨到底去了哪里：他自己和一个朋友在火车站附近的一个流浪汉营地里。

Now, Leibowitz confronted Price with this story.

现在，莱博维茨向普莱斯讲述了这个故事。

Leibowitz: Did you tell a man by the name of Lester Carter that you would introduce him to Ruby ?

莱博维茨：你有没有告诉一个名叫莱斯特卡特的人你会把他介绍给鲁比？

Price: I told you, I never seen Lester Carter before.

普莱斯：我告诉过你了，我以前从没见过莱斯特·卡特。

Leibowitz: Isn't it a fact that the night before you left Chattanooga you and your boyfriend and Ruby and Lester Carter went walking along the railroad tracks?

莱博维茨：在你离开查塔努加的前一天晚上，你和你的男朋友以及鲁比和莱斯特·卡特沿着铁轨散步，这不是事实吗？

Price: No sir, we never have been on the railroad together.

普莱斯：不，先生，我们从来没有一起坐过铁路。

Leibowitz: Isn't it a fact, Mrs. Price, that you had intercourse with your boyfriend on the ground while Ruby had intercourse with Lester Carter right beside you?

莱博维茨：普莱斯夫人，你和你的男朋友在地上做爱，而鲁比和莱斯特·卡特就在你旁边做爱，这不是事实吗？

Frustrated, Leibowitz finally shouted: "You're a pretty good little actress aren't you?"

莱博维茨沮丧地终于喊道：“你是一个很不错的小女演员，不是吗？”

Royer: And she fired right back at him immediately; she said you are a pretty good actor yourself.

罗耶尔：她立即向他开枪还击；她说你自己就是一个很好的演员。

I remember that.

我记得。

Unable to shake her story, Leibowitz resorted to accusing Price directly of lying.

由于无法改变自己的说法，莱博维茨直接指责普莱斯撒谎。

Leibowitz: Isn't the reason why you are making these charges you were found hoboing on a freight train?

莱博维茨：你提出这些指控的原因难道不是你被发现在货运列车上流浪吗？

Price: I was seeking work for my mother.

普莱斯：我正在为我母亲找工作。

Leibowitz: And you saw the Negroes had been captured by the people at Paint Rock and you thought you would be arrested for vagrancy for being a hobo on a train in company with Negroes and at that time you determined to say they raped you to save yourself?!

莱博维茨：你看到黑人被油漆岩的人抓走了，你以为你会因为和黑人一起在火车上当流浪汉而因流浪而被捕，当时你决定说他们强奸了你以拯救你自己？！

Northern reporters who had been in the courtroom, wired breathless accounts of Leibowitz' brilliant cross-examination.

曾在法庭上的北方记者们气喘吁吁地报道了莱博维茨精彩的盘问。

But to many Southerners, it had been a deep affront.

但对许多南方人来说，这是一种深深的侮辱。

Voice: One possessed of that old Southern chivalry cannot read the trial and keep within the law.

声音：具有古老南方骑士精神的人无法阅读审判并遵守法律。

The brutal manner in which Leibowitz cross-examines Mrs. Price makes one feel like reaching for his gun.

莱博维茨盘问普莱斯夫人的残酷方式让人想伸手去拿枪。

The Sylacauga News.

锡拉科加新闻。

Leibowitz' cross-examination had stirred deep memories among Southerners of humiliation suffered at the hands of the North.

莱博维茨的盘问激起了南方人对北方人所受屈辱的深刻记忆。

Voice: Seventy years ago the scalawags and carpetbaggers marched into the South and said: 'The Negro is your equal and you will accept him as such.' Today, the reds of New York march into the South with a law book and again say, 'The Negro is your equal and you will accept him as such.' We will not!" The Jackson County Sentinel

声音：七十年前，流氓和土匪进军南方并说：“黑人与你平等，你会接受他。”今天，纽约的红人带着一本法律书进军南方，并再次说：“黑人与你平等，你会接受他。”我们不会！”杰克逊县哨兵

Much of that resentment was directed at Leibowitz himself.

大部分怨恨都是针对莱博维茨本人的。

Royer: You've heard the expression from the outside of the courtroom so to speak that that the Jew lawyer ought'a go back to New York.

罗耶：你已经听到法庭外面的说法，犹太律师应该回到纽约。

Two retired New York City police detectives began to accompany Leibowitz everywhere he went.

两名退休的纽约市警探开始陪伴莱博维茨所到之处。

Voice: Cable to the Brooklyn Eagle: There's intense feeling here because we have brought the question of Negro rights into the open.

声音：布鲁克林之鹰电报：这里有强烈的感觉，因为我们公开了黑人权利问题。

I have received numerous crank letters threatening death if I don't stop.

我收到了许多奇怪的信件，威胁如果我不停止就去死。

We are sitting on a mountain of TNT.

我们正坐在一座 TNT 山上。

Samuel Leibowitz.

塞缪尔·莱博维茨。

ROSE SHAPIRO, Member of Defense Team: I was walking along on the sidewalk; a dirt farmer came along and shoved me off the sidewalk into the road and spit his tobacco juice.

罗斯·夏皮罗（ROSE SHAPIRO），辩护小组成员：我当时正在人行道上行走；一个土农走过来，把我从人行道上推到路上，吐了他的烟汁。

And to this day I can feel that spit running down my cheek.

直到今天，我都能感觉到口水顺着我的脸颊流下来。

As the trial resumed, the tense atmosphere in the courtroom was heightened by a spring heat wave.

随着庭审继续进行，法庭上的紧张气氛因春天的热浪而加剧。

The state called to the stand Dr. R.R.

州政府传唤 R.R. 博士出庭作证。

Bridges, the Scottsboro physician who had examined Price and Bates hours after they'd been taken from the train.

布里奇斯是斯科茨伯勒的医生，在普莱斯和贝茨被带下火车几个小时后，他对他们进行了检查。

As expected, he confirmed that he had found semen in their bodies.

果然，他确认在他们的体内发现了精液。

Leibowitz asked the doctor if the girls had shown any signs of a struggle -- bruises, or scratches?

莱博维茨问医生，女孩们是否有任何挣扎的迹象——瘀伤或抓伤？

He answered: 'No'.

他回答：“不”。

Had the girls been hysterical, breathing heavily, with elevated pulses?

女孩们是否歇斯底里、呼吸粗重、脉搏加快？

'No.' Had the sperm he had seen in his microscope been moving?

“不。”他在显微镜中看到的精子是否在移动？

Again: 'No.'

再次：“不。”

Leibowitz next called his star witness, Lester Carter, to the stand.

莱博维茨接下来传唤他的明星证人莱斯特·卡特出庭作证。

Carter testified that he and a friend had been with the two girls the night before the fateful train ride.

卡特作证说，在乘坐火车的前一天晚上，他和一个朋友和这两个女孩在一起。

Carter: Victoria Price said she knew where we could go and see fun, take a walk for instance.

卡特：维多利亚·普莱斯说她知道我们可以去哪里玩，比如散步。

Carter: We walked up the yards 'til we came to the (hobo) jungles.

卡特：我们沿着院子一直走，直到来到（流浪汉）丛林。

Leibowitz: What occurred in the hobo jungles that night?

莱博维茨：那天晚上流浪汉丛林里发生了什么？

Carter: We all sat down near a bendin' lake of water where they was honeysuckles and a little ditch.

卡特：我们都坐在一个弯曲的湖边，那里长满了金银花和一条小沟。

I hung my hat on a little limb and went to having intercourse with Ruby...

我把帽子挂在小腿上，然后去和鲁比做爱……

by firelight I saw Victoria's boyfriend had intercourse with her.

在火光下我看到维多利亚的男朋友正在和她做爱。

Carter: This is what happened.

卡特：这就是发生的事情。

It wasn't that they were raped.

并不是说他们被强奸了。

Victoria Price, Ruby Bates and their two boyfriends had sex.

维多利亚·普莱斯、鲁比·贝茨和他们的两个男朋友发生了性关系。

And that's all it amounts to.

这就是全部内容。

Throughout Patterson's trial, the other eight defendants had been kept locked away in the Decatur jail, unaware of the proceedings.

在帕特森的审判过程中，其他八名被告一直被关在迪凯特监狱，对诉讼程序一无所知。

Now, Leibowitz had them brought to the courthouse under heavy guard.

现在，莱博维茨把他们带到了法院，并在严密的看守下进行。

Inside, Leibowitz called each to the stand in turn.

在里面，莱博维茨将每个人依次叫到看台上。

Each denied having ever touched Victoria Price or Ruby Bates.

每个人都否认曾经接触过维多利亚·普莱斯或鲁比·贝茨。

The last to take the stand was Haywood Patterson.

最后一个出庭作证的是海伍德·帕特森。

Leibowitz: Haywood Patterson: Did you have anything to do with a white girl?

莱博维茨：海伍德·帕特森：你和一个白人女孩有什么关系吗？

Patterson: I didn't see any girls on the train

帕特森：我在火车上没有看到任何女孩

Leibowitz: You are a colored boy, would you dare rape a white girl

莱博维茨：你是一个黑人男孩，你敢强奸一个白人女孩吗

Leibowitz: Haywood Patterson, did you rape this girl?

莱博维茨：海伍德·帕特森，你强奸了这个女孩吗？

With Patterson's testimony over, many thought Leibowitz would rest his case.

随着帕特森的证词结束，许多人认为莱博维茨会平息他的案子。

Voice of Elias Schwartzbart, ILD Attorney: When she made her appearance, the tension in the courtroom was palpable.

ILD 律师埃利亚斯·施瓦茨巴特 (Elias Schwartzbart) 的声音：当她出庭时，法庭上的紧张气氛显而易见。

Knight was jittery; he turned red.

奈特很紧张。他脸红了。

The crowd gasped: "there's Ruby Bates testifying for the defense".

人群倒抽一口凉气：“鲁比·贝茨为辩方作证”。

Ruby Bates had spent the months before the trial in hiding -- as far from the media glare, and the clutches of the prosecution and defense as she could get.

审判前的几个月里，鲁比·贝茨一直躲藏起来——尽可能远离媒体的关注，也尽可能远离控方和辩方的控制。

She had made her way to New York, until finally representatives of the ILD tracked her down and convinced her to return to Alabama and testify.

她前往纽约，直到国际劳工联盟的代表最终找到她并说服她返回阿拉巴马州作证。

Leibowitz: You testified at Scottsboro that six Negroes raped you and six Negroes raped Victoria.

莱博维茨：你在斯科茨伯勒作证说，六名黑人强奸了你，六名黑人强奸了维多利亚。

Who coached you to say that?

谁教你这么说的？

Bates: She told it and I told it just like she told it.

贝茨：她说了，我也照她说的那样说了。

Leibowitz: Did Victoria tell you what would happen to you if you didn't follow her story?

莱博维茨：维多利亚有没有告诉过你，如果你不听她的故事，你会发生什么？

Bates: She said we might have to lay out a sentence in jail.

贝茨：她说我们可能不得不在监狱里服刑。

But Ruby fell apart on cross-examination.

但鲁比在盘问中崩溃了。

Knight pointed out that either she was lying now or had lied two years earlier in Scottsboro.

奈特指出，要么她现在在撒谎，要么两年前在斯科茨伯勒撒过谎。

Ruby became flustered.

鲁比变得慌乱了。

Knight hammered away at her:

奈特对她猛烈抨击：

To each question, she answered: "The communists."

对于每个问题，她都回答：“共产党人。”

Leibowitz: Ah, ha!

莱博维茨：啊哈！

The only reason she's doing this is because she's been bought and paid for.

她这样做的唯一原因是她被收买并付钱了。

She told the truth the first time, now she's lying for the money and for the clothing.

她第一次说的是实话，现在她为了钱和衣服而撒谎。

The jury, one reporter said, "smelled the North" on Ruby.

一位记者表示，陪审团在鲁比身上“嗅到了北方的味道”。

Summations began the next day.

第二天开始总结。

Wade Wright, one of Knight's co-prosecutors, opened with an emotional appeal.

奈特的联合检察官之一韦德·赖特以充满感情的呼吁开场。

He ridiculed Bates' "fancy New York clothes"; and called Lester Carter "Carterinsky."

他嘲笑贝茨的“纽约奇装异服”；并称莱斯特·卡特为“卡特林斯基”。

In his closing argument, Leibowitz called Wade Wright's summation for the prosecution a "hangman's speech".

莱博维茨在结案陈词中称韦德·赖特对检方的总结是“刽子手的演讲”。

Voice: What is it but an appeal to prejudice, to sectionalism, to bigotry.

声音：这不过是诉诸偏见、偏执和偏执而已。

He was simply saying: 'Come on boys!

他只是说：‘来吧，孩子们！

We can lick this Jew from New York.' The question here is whether even this poor scrap of colored humanity will receive a square deal.

我们可以舔这个来自纽约的犹太人。这里的问题是，即使是这些可怜的有色人种也能得到公平的待遇。

Finally, Leibowitz said of Price's testimony: "It is the foul, contemptible lie of an abandoned, brazen woman."

最后，莱博维茨谈到普莱斯的证词时说：“这是一个被遗弃的、厚颜无耻的女人所撒下的肮脏、可鄙的谎言。”

At one o'clock on Saturday afternoon Judge Horton gave the case to the jury.

周六下午一点，霍顿法官将案件交给陪审团。

The twelve men filed out of the courthouse, less than two weeks after they had been sworn in.

宣誓就职后不到两周，这十二个人就鱼贯而出法院。

Haywood Patterson, nearly forgotten in the courtroom hubbub, passed the time with his mother on a bench outside.

海伍德·帕特森几乎被法庭的喧嚣所遗忘，他和母亲坐在外面的长凳上打发时间。

At ten o'clock the next morning, word came that a verdict had been reached -- guilty.

第二天早上十点，传来判决结果——有罪。

And the sentence: death by electrocution.

并判决：触电死亡。

Patterson conceded no emotion as he sat at the defense table, but Leibowitz was crushed.

帕特森坐在辩护席上时没有表现出任何情绪，但莱博维茨却被压垮了。

The verdict had finally made plain to Leibowitz himself how naive he had been.

这一判决最终让莱博维茨本人明白了自己是多么天真。

He had carefully considered how the jury would see every aspect of the trial, but one: himself.

他仔细考虑了陪审团将如何看待审判的各个方面，但只有一个方面：他自己。

Upon his return to New York, Leibowitz was swamped by more than three thousands admirers.

返回纽约后，莱博维茨被三千多名崇拜者包围。

Carried away, he vented his anger at the verdict.

他激动不已，对判决发泄了愤怒。

Voice: If you ever saw those creatures those bigots whose mouths are slits in their faces, whose eyes popped out at you like frogs, whose chins dripped tobacco juice, bewhiskered and filthy, you would not ask how they could do it.

声音：如果你见过那些顽固分子，他们的嘴在脸上裂开，眼睛像青蛙一样向你突出，下巴滴着烟草汁，长着胡须，肮脏不堪，你不会问他们是怎么做到的。

Leibowitz's outburst elicited howls of protest throughout the South.

莱博维茨的爆发引起了整个南方的强烈抗议。

Grover Hall, influential editor of The Montgomery Advertiser, immediately lashed back.

《蒙哥马利广告报》颇具影响力的编辑格罗弗·霍尔立即予以反击。

Voice: He left little if anything undone to arouse the resentment if not the bitterness of everyone in the courtroom, including members of the jury.

声音：他几乎没有采取任何措施来激起法庭上每个人（包括陪审团成员）的不满（如果不是）。

He came into Alabama as the voice of bigotry and arrogance.

他作为偏执和傲慢的代言人来到阿拉巴马州。

What a stupid lawyer poor Patterson had!

可怜的帕特森有一个多么愚蠢的律师啊！

Grover Hall, The Montgomery Advertiser.

格罗弗·霍尔，《蒙哥马利广告报》。

Whatever Leibowitz had been when he entered the case, he was now a different man.

无论莱博维茨在介入此案时是什么样子，现在他已经是一个不同的人了。

In the months following the verdict, he began to appear at Scottsboro rallies in Harlem, where he promised to carry on the struggle in the South.

在判决后的几个月里，他开始出现在哈莱姆区斯科茨伯勒的集会上，他承诺将继续在南方进行斗争。

Leibowitz, SOT: " I will fight to my last breath to send these boys back to their parents and to their loved ones."

莱博维茨，SOT：“我将战斗到最后一口气，将这些男孩送回他们的父母和亲人身边。”

From his home in Brooklyn, Leibowitz prepared a motion asking Judge Horton to overturn the verdict and order a new trial.

莱博维茨在布鲁克林的家中准备了一项动议，要求霍顿法官推翻判决并下令重新审判。

Judge Horton had retreated to his farm in Limestone County after the verdict.

判决后，霍顿法官撤退到他位于莱姆斯通县的农场。

But Leibowitz' motion now forced him to confront his own doubts about the case.

但莱博维茨的动议现在迫使他面对自己对此案的怀疑。

But Horton was a man of the South, and the South was speaking in a single voice.

但霍顿是南方人，南方人用一个声音说话。

More than 800 letters arrived at the Horton home, nearly all praising the verdict.

霍顿家收到了 800 多封信，几乎全都赞扬了这一判决。

In his colonnaded home, Horton took up Leibowitz' motion for a new trial.

在他有柱廊的家中，霍顿接受了莱博维茨提出的重新审判的动议。

Working deep into the night he poured over every word of the trial transcript.

他工作到深夜，仔细研读了庭审笔录的每一个字。

Why, he wondered, in the "rich cloud" of possible witnesses had none stepped forward to corroborate Price's story.

他想知道，为什么在“丰富的云”可能的目击者中没有人站出来证实普莱斯的故事。

After being brutally raped, why would Price show only minor scrapes and bruises to an examining doctor, and only traces of dead semen?

在被残酷强奸后，为什么普莱斯在检查医生面前只显示出轻微的擦伤和瘀伤，并且只有死亡精液的痕迹？

Was it likely that nine black teenagers could have raped two white women in full view on a slowly moving train and then made no move to escape?

九名黑人青少年是否有可能在一辆缓慢行驶的火车上当着众目睽睽之下强奸了两名白人妇女，然后却没有逃跑？

Voice: Her testimony was contradictory, often evasive.

声音：她的证词自相矛盾，常常闪烁其词。

The proof tends strongly to show that she knowingly testified falsely in many material aspects of the case.

证据往往有力地表明，她在案件的许多实质性方面故意作了虚假证言。

Deliberate injustice is more fatal to the one who imposes it than to the one on whom it is imposed.

蓄意的不公正行为对于施行不公正行为的人来说比对于被强加这一行为的人来说更为致命。

Judge James Horton.

詹姆斯·霍顿法官。

On June 22nd, 1933, in a crowded courtroom Horton set aside the guilty verdict.

1933 年 6 月 22 日，在拥挤的法庭上，霍顿撤销了有罪判决。

He ordered the Scottsboro defendants to stand trial for the third time.

他第三次命令斯科茨伯勒被告接受审判。

While the trials had been going on in the South, outrage over the Scottsboro affair had migrated from radical circles to ordinary people.

当审判在南方进行时，对斯科茨伯勒事件的愤怒已经从激进圈子转移到普通民众。

In Harlem, thousands had closely followed the events in Alabama; the verdict shocked and radicalized many.

在哈莱姆区，数千人密切关注阿拉巴马州发生的事件。这一判决令许多人感到震惊和激进。

Scottsboro helped forge a new kind of movement: whites and blacks marched side by side for the first time since the days of abolition.

斯科茨伯勒帮助打造了一种新型运动：白人和黑人自废奴时代以来首次并肩游行。

The communists seized on Scottsboro's notoriety to reach a wider audience.

共产党人利用斯科茨伯勒的恶名来吸引更广泛的受众。

They sponsored the mothers of the defendants on a national speaking tour.

他们赞助被告的母亲进行全国巡回演讲。

Janie Patterson, who had never traveled more than 100 miles from her home, led a protest march on the White House.

珍妮·帕特森从未离开家超过 100 英里，她领导了一场针对白宫的抗议游行。

Ada Wright, mother of Roy and Andy Wright, embarked on a six-month tour of Europe ending in Moscow, where she spoke before crowds of thousands.

罗伊·赖特 (Roy Wright) 和安迪·赖特 (Andy Wright) 的母亲艾达·赖特 (Ada Wright) 开始了为期六个月的欧洲之旅，最后在莫斯科向数千人发表了讲话。

On many stages, the mothers were joined by Ruby Bates.

在许多舞台上，鲁比·贝茨 (Ruby Bates) 都加入了母亲们的行列。

Cast out of the South for her testimony in Decatur, Ruby now apologized for her lie, and proudly proclaimed herself a communist.

鲁比因在迪凯特的证词而被赶出南方，现在她为自己的谎言道歉，并自豪地宣称自己是一名共产主义者。

But all the speeches and rallies in the North did nothing to deter Alabama.

但北方的所有演讲和集会都未能阻止阿拉巴马州。

Almost immediately after Judge Horton's decision the state announced that it would retry the Scottsboro prisoners.

霍顿法官做出决定后，该州几乎立即宣布将重审斯科茨伯勒囚犯。

Once again, Patterson would go first, but this time Alabama authorities were taking no chances.

帕特森再次率先行动，但这一次阿拉巴马州当局不再冒险。

Attorney General Thomas Knight, also the State's prosecutor, engineered the removal of Judge Horton from the case, and named in his place 70 year-old judge William Callahan.

总检察长托马斯·奈特（Thomas Knight）也是该州的检察官，策划将霍顿法官从该案中撤职，并任命 70 岁的法官威廉·卡拉汉（William Callahan）接替他的位置。

Repeatedly, throughout the trial in Callahan's courtroom, the judge frustrated Leibowitz' defense -- overruling his objections, and excluding crucial evidence to his case.

在卡拉汉法庭的整个审判过程中，法官多次挫败莱博维茨的辩护——驳回他的反对意见，并排除他案件的关键证据。

The jury deliberated a day before reconvicting Patterson and sentencing him to death for the third time.

陪审团在一天前进行了审议，重新对帕特森定罪，并第三次判处他死刑。

Norris' trial followed quickly with the same result.

诺里斯的审判很快就得到了同样的结果。

Leibowitz managed to postpone the trials of the other seven, but with little hope of a different outcome.

莱博维茨设法推迟了其他七人的审判，但希望有不同的结果。

All nine boys were sent back to Kilby's death house.

所有九个男孩都被送回基尔比的死亡之家。

By this time, their hope was fading; Kilby prison was closing in around them like a shroud.

此时，他们的希望正在破灭。基尔比监狱像裹尸布一样将他们包围起来。

Despite contributions from around the world to purchase new clothes, food, even musical instruments, the boys' international notoriety singled them out for continual torment by guards.

尽管来自世界各地的捐款购买了新衣服、食物，甚至乐器，但这些男孩在国际上的恶名使他们不断受到警卫的折磨。

When Charlie Weems was discovered reading Communist literature, guards dragged him from his cell and beat him until he begged for mercy.

当查理·威姆斯被发现正在阅读共产主义文献时，警卫将他从牢房中拖出并殴打他，直到他求饶为止。

At one point, Ozie Powell slashed the throat of a Sheriff's Deputy with a home-made knife.

有一次，奥齐·鲍威尔用一把自制的刀割断了一名副警长的喉咙。

A second officer then shot him in the head.

随后，另一名警官开枪射击了他的头部。

Though he survived, Powell was never the same.

尽管鲍威尔活了下来，但他已经不再是原来的样子了。

Patterson and Norris feuded constantly over gambling debts; Norris once stabbing Patterson with a prison shank.

帕特森和诺里斯因赌债不断争吵。诺里斯曾经用监狱的小腿刺伤了帕特森。

The boys' cells were separated by a thin door from Kilby's electric chair.

男孩们的牢房与基尔比的电椅之间由一扇薄门隔开。

Norris would lay awake listening to the midnight executions.

诺里斯会躺在床上听着午夜处决的声音。

Back in New York, Mr. Leibowitz tells of the appeals.

回到纽约后，莱博维茨先生讲述了这些呼吁。

Leibowitz, SOT: The appeals are now being rushed to the Alabama Supreme Court.

Leibowitz, SOT：上诉现已紧急提交至阿拉巴马州最高法院。

I have every confidence in the world that we shall win there.

我对世界充满信心，我们将在那里获胜。

In the event that we do not we are going right on up to the United States Supreme Court in Washington

如果我们不这样做，我们将直接向华盛顿的美国最高法院提起诉讼

Leibowitz soldiered on with one last appeal to stop the scheduled execution of his clients.

莱博维茨坚持最后一次呼吁，阻止按计划执行对他的委托人的处决。

In each of the Scottsboro trials the boys had faced an all-white jury -- a clear violation, he believed, of their right to equal protection under the law.

在斯科茨伯勒的每一次审判中，男孩们都面临着全白人陪审团——他认为，这明显侵犯了他们受到法律平等保护的权利。

In February, 1935, the Supreme Court of the United States heard Norris vs. Alabama, which would determine whether Alabama had purposely excluded blacks from their juries.

1935 年 2 月，美国最高法院审理了诺里斯诉阿拉巴马州一案，该案将确定阿拉巴马州是否故意将黑人排除在陪审团之外。

To prove that they had, Leibowitz brought with him the huge jury rolls from Decatur.

为了证明他们做到了，莱博维茨带来了来自迪凯特的大量陪审团名册。

In them, he had made a startling discovery -- of the prospective jurors listed, all were whites, except for a handful of blacks whose names appeared to have been hastily scrawled at the bottoms of several pages.

在其中，他有了一个惊人的发现——列出的潜在陪审员中，除了少数黑人之外，全部都是白人，他们的名字似乎被匆忙地写在了几页的底部。

In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Alabama had deliberately excluded blacks from their juries, and yet again overturned the guilty verdicts.

在一项具有里程碑意义的裁决中，最高法院裁定阿拉巴马州故意将黑人排除在陪审团之外，并再次推翻了有罪判决。

Exhausted, embarrassed, and near broke from trial after trial, Alabama's once united front regarding Scottsboro finally began to crumble.

阿拉巴马州在斯科茨伯勒问题上曾经的统一战线终于开始崩溃。

Grover Hall, editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, once one of the most ardent defenders of the Scottsboro verdicts, began to wonder if something had not gone terribly wrong.

《蒙哥马利广告报》的编辑格罗弗·霍尔曾经是斯科茨伯勒判决最热心的捍卫者之一，他开始怀疑是否出了什么严重的问题。

Voice: The Advertiser knows, all of its readers know, the whole of this sordid, sickening story.

声音：《广告商》知道，所有读者都知道，这整个肮脏、令人作呕的故事。

"Scottsboro" has stigmatized Alabama throughout the civilized world.

“斯科茨伯勒”在整个文明世界给阿拉巴马州带来了耻辱。

We herewith suggest and urge that the State now move for a decent, dignified compromise.

我们在此建议并敦促国家现在采取行动，寻求体面、有尊严的妥协。

Nothing can be gained by demanding the final pound of flesh.

要求最后一磅肉是没有任何好处的。

Throw this body of death away from Alabama.

把这具尸体从阿拉巴马州扔掉。

Grover Hall, Editor, The Montgomery Advertiser.

格罗弗·霍尔，《蒙哥马利广告报》编辑。

Hall quietly began to lobby for an end of the Scottsboro prosecutions and the parole of the defendants.

霍尔悄悄地开始游说结束斯科茨伯勒的起诉和假释被告。

State officials listened, but made clear that one condition would have to be met: Samuel Leibowitz would have to go.

州政府官员听取了意见，但明确表示必须满足一个条件：塞缪尔·莱博维茨必须下台。

For Leibowitz, the notion that he shared blame for the convictions of his own clients was almost too bitter to swallow.

对于莱博维茨来说，他对自己委托人的定罪负有责任，这一想法几乎难以接受。

But, Leibowitz had no choice but to give in.

但是，莱博维茨别无选择，只能屈服。

As Alabama began the fourth trial of the Scottsboro defendants, he stepped aside in favor of a Southern attorney.

当阿拉巴马州开始对斯科茨伯勒被告进行第四次审判时，他让位给南方律师。

With Leibowitz gone, Alabama quickly convicted five of the defendants.

莱博维茨下台后，阿拉巴马州很快对五名被告定罪。

But it aburptly dropped the charges against the other four: Olen Montgomery, Willie Roberson, Roy Wright and Eugene Williams.

但它突然撤销了对其他四人的指控：奥伦·蒙哥马利、威利·罗伯森、罗伊·赖特和尤金·威廉姆斯。

The four were spirited out of Alabama in July, 1937, after six years in jail.

1937 年 7 月，四人在服刑六年后被偷偷带出阿拉巴马州。

They arrived in New York the next day.

第二天他们就到达了纽约。

Leibowitz was so overcome that he took off his straw hat and punched a hole through it.

莱博维茨实在受不了，他摘下草帽，在上面打了一个洞。

For a moment, the freed defendants were treated like celebrities; they were taken on a speaking tour and booked into the Apollo Theater where they sang, danced, and took part in a reenactment of their trial.

一时间，被释放的被告受到了名人般的待遇；他们被带去巡回演讲，并被预订到阿波罗剧院，在那里他们唱歌、跳舞，并参加了审判的重演。

But just as suddenly the fanfare died down.

但就在这时，喧嚣突然平息了。

The boys drifted back into obscurity -- their pleas for help to their former sponsors frequently went unanswered.

男孩们又重新陷入默默无闻——他们向前赞助商求助的请求常常得不到回应。

For the five defendants remaining in Kilby, the release of the four others only heightened their despair.

对于留在基尔比的五名被告来说，其他四人的释放只会加剧他们的绝望。

Their supporters continued to push for their release.

他们的支持者继续推动释放他们。

How, asked Grover Hall, could the Scottsboro defendants be "half guilty and half innocent?" By 1941, the Alabama Parole board met three times; each time refusing to free the prisoners.

格罗弗·霍尔问道，斯科茨伯勒的被告怎么可能“一半有罪，一半无辜”？到 1941 年，阿拉巴马州假释委员会召开了 3 次会议；每次都拒绝释放囚犯。

The boys, now grown to men in prison, received fewer and fewer visitors, and watched as the Scottsboro case began to disappear from the nation's consciousness.

男孩们现在已经长大成人，在监狱里接待的访客越来越少，眼睁睁地看着斯科茨伯勒案开始从全国的意识中消失。

But world's forgetfulness proved to be the Scottsboro prisoners' greatest ally.

但事实证明，世界的健忘是斯科茨伯勒囚犯最伟大的盟友。

As the rancorous attacks on Alabama ended, the state at last bowed to reason and exhaustion.

随着对阿拉巴马州的恶意袭击结束，该州最终屈服于理性和疲惫。

In the end, it was not letters, marches, or editorials, but time alone that brought the Scottsboro affair to an end.

最终，结束斯科茨伯勒事件的不是信件、游行或社论，而是时间。

In November, 1943, the Alabama Parole Board met for a fourth time.

1943 年 11 月，阿拉巴马州假释委员会举行第四次会议。

This time, it voted to parole 31 year-old Charlie Weems after 12 years in Kilby.

这次，它投票决定假释 31 岁的查理·威姆斯 (Charlie Weems)，他在基尔比 (Kilby) 服刑 12 年后。

Two months later, Andy Wright was released, then Clarence Norris.

两个月后，安迪·赖特被释放，然后是克拉伦斯·诺里斯。

In 1946, Ozie Powell, 33, was let go.

1946 年，33 岁的奥齐·鲍威尔 (Ozie Powell) 被解雇。

Only Patterson, the man whose defiant pride had marked him from the beginning as the most visible, the most hated of the Scottsboro defendants, remained in prison -- "sullen, vicious, and incorrigible," according to the Alabama Parole Board.

只有帕特森留在了监狱里，据阿拉巴马州假释委员会称，帕特森从一开始就被认为是斯科茨伯勒被告中最引人注目、最令人憎恨的被告，他的傲慢骄傲使他“阴沉、恶毒、无可救药”。

Patterson had become a creature of Alabama's prisons.

帕特森已经成为阿拉巴马州监狱里的人物。

He was sent to Atmore Prison Farm, where he worked in the hot sun for 12 hours a day, chained to other prisoners.

他被送往阿特莫尔农场监狱，与其他囚犯一起在烈日下工作 12 个小时。

Throughout everything, he would later write, Scottsboro haunted his dreams.

他后来写道，自始至终，斯科茨伯勒都困扰着他的梦想。

Voice: I laid on the top bunk, in a way still feeling I was on a moving freight.

声音：我躺在上铺，在某种程度上仍然感觉我是在移动的货物上。

Nothing was standing still.

没有什么是静止的。

I was busy living from minute to minute.

我每一分钟都在忙着生活。

Everything was rumbling.

一切都在隆隆作响。

I dreamed bad dreams, with freight trains, guards' faces, and courtrooms mixed up with the look of the sky at night.

我做了噩梦，梦见货运列车、警卫的脸、法庭与夜晚的天空混在一起。

Haywood Patterson.

海伍德·帕特森。

On a hot afternoon in July, 1948, Patterson slipped away from Atmore with eight other prisoners.

1948 年 7 月一个炎热的下午，帕特森和其他八名囚犯一起逃离了阿特莫尔。

With dogs in pursuit, he waded through streams for days, and was harbored at night by sympathetic black families.

由于狗的追赶，他在溪流中涉水数天，晚上被同情的黑人家庭庇护。

Finally, he hopped a freight north to Detroit where his sister and her family were waiting.

最后，他跳上一辆货运北上的底特律，他的妹妹和她的家人正在那里等待。

The last of the Scottsboro boys was free.

斯科茨伯勒的最后一个男孩获得了自由。

The town of Scottsboro has never lived down the accident of geography that forged its name with those of the defendants.

斯科茨伯勒镇从未经历过因地理原因而与被告一起名声大噪的事件。

The year after Judge James Horton overturned the verdict in the Decatur trial, he was defeated for reelection, and would never again serve on the bench.

詹姆斯·霍顿法官在迪凯特审判中推翻判决的第二年，他连任失败，从此不再担任法官。

On the top of a campaign speech he had scrawled a note to himself: "Yea Shall Know the Truth and the Truth Shall Make you Free."

在竞选演讲的顶部，他为自己潦草地写了一张纸条：“是的，你会知道真相，真相会让你自由。”

Samuel Leibowitz never won a victory in an Alabama court for the Scottsboro defendants, but he did save their lives.

塞缪尔·莱博维茨从未在阿拉巴马州法庭上为斯科茨伯勒被告赢得胜利，但他确实挽救了他们的生命。

With the Supreme Court decision in Norris vs. Alabama, he also set in motion the integration of Southern juries, which would make possible many of the civil rights victories in later decades.

随着最高法院对诺里斯诉阿拉巴马州一案的裁决，他还启动了南方陪审团的整合，这将使后来几十年的许多民权胜利成为可能。

In 1941, Leibowitz was appointed to the bench in New York, where, with a new vantage point, he became a passionate advocate for capital punishment.

1941 年，莱博维茨被任命为纽约法官，在那里，他以新的视角成为死刑的热情倡导者。

Victoria Price, disappeared after the last Scottsboro trial and was presumed to have died sometime in the mid-1950's.

维多利亚·普莱斯 (Victoria Price) 在上次斯科茨伯勒审判后失踪，据推测于 1950 年代中期去世。

Then, in 1976, she surfaced to sue NBC for broadcasting a television movie that portrayed her as a prostitute and a liar.

1976 年，她起诉 NBC 播放一部将她描绘成妓女和骗子的电视电影。

The suit was settled quietly for what for NBC was a pittance, but for Victoria Price was more money than she'd ever known.

这场诉讼悄然解决，对于 NBC 来说，这只是微不足道的一笔钱，但对于维多利亚·普莱斯来说，这笔钱比她想象的还要多。

She died for real a few years later still insisting that she had told the truth.

几年后她真的去世了，但她仍然坚称自己说的是实话。

After their release from prison, most of the Scottsboro defendants led troubled lives in the North.

斯科茨伯勒的大多数被告出狱后，在北部过着困难的生活。

Haywood Patterson killed a man in self-defense in a bar fight and died in a Michigan Penitentiary at the age of 39.

海伍德·帕特森 (Haywood Patterson) 在一次酒吧斗殴中出于自卫杀死了一名男子，并在密歇根监狱去世，享年 39 岁。

Andy Wright wound up in Albany, New York, where he was again falsely accused of raping a white girl: this time he was acquitted.

安迪·赖特最终来到纽约州奥尔巴尼，在那里他再次被错误地指控强奸一名白人女孩：这次他被无罪释放。

His brother Roy, youngest of the defendants, served in the army and married.

他的兄弟罗伊是被告中最年轻的，曾在军队服役并结婚。

In 1959, convinced that his wife was cheating on him, Roy shot and killed her, and then, with his Bible by his side, shot and killed himself.

1959年，罗伊确信妻子对他不忠，开枪打死了她，然后，他带着《圣经》开枪自杀了。

He is buried in a neglected cemetery in Chattanooga.

他被埋葬在查塔努加一个被忽视的墓地里。

Beside him, in an unmarked grave, lies his brother, Andy.

在他旁边，在一个没有标记的坟墓里，躺着他的兄弟安迪。

Of all the Scottsboro defendants, only Clarence Norris made a life for himself in the North.

在斯科茨伯勒的所有被告中，只有克拉伦斯·诺里斯在北方谋生。

He broke parole in 1946 and fled Alabama, making his way to New York.

1946 年，他打破假释，逃离阿拉巴马州，前往纽约。

Assuming his brother's name, he got a job as a sanitation worker, married twice, raised a family, and began a fight to get a full pardon from the state of Alabama.

他冒用了哥哥的名字，找到了一份环卫工人的工作，结过两次婚，组建了一个家庭，并开始为获得阿拉巴马州的全面赦免而奋斗。

On an October day in 1976, Norris received word that Governor George Wallace had pardoned him.

1976 年 10 月的一天，诺里斯收到州长乔治·华莱士赦免他的消息。

Voice: Mr. Norris, this is your pardon, full pardon, on behalf of the state of Alabama, the board of pardons and paroles and the governor...

声音：诺里斯先生，这是您的赦免，完全赦免，代表阿拉巴马州、赦免和假释委员会以及州长……

Norris, SOT: I have no hate toward any creed or color.

诺里斯（SOT）：我对任何信仰或肤色都没有仇恨。

I like all people, and I think all people accused of things which they didn't commit should be free.

我喜欢所有人，我认为所有因自己没有犯下的罪行而受到指控的人都应该获得自由。

I wish these other eight boys were around...

我希望其他八个男孩在身边......

Explore the events of a trial that drew North and South into their sharpest conflict since the Civil War, and yielded two momentous Supreme Court decisions.

探索一场审判事件，该审判使南北双方陷入内战以来最激烈的冲突，并产生了最高法院的两项重大裁决。

Cinematographer Tom Hurwitz talks about documentary filmmaking and his unique experience filming in Scottsboro, Alabama where his father, documentarian Leo Hurwitz, had shot nearly 70 years before.

电影摄影师汤姆·赫维茨 (Tom Hurwitz) 谈论纪录片制作以及他在阿拉巴马州斯科茨伯勒 (Scottsboro) 拍摄的独特经历，他的父亲、纪录片导演利奥·赫维茨 (Leo Hurwitz) 近 70 年前曾在那里拍摄过电影。

By the time the NAACP made an effort to become involved in the legal defense of the accused, the International Labor Defense had already staked a claim to the case.

当全国有色人种协进会努力参与被告的法律辩护时，国际劳工辩护组织已经对此案提出索赔。

In 1931, Ruby Bates and Victoria Price falsely accused nine black youths of rape.

1931 年，鲁比·贝茨 (Ruby Bates) 和维多利亚·普莱斯 (Victoria Price) 诬告九名黑人青年强奸。

Judge James Edwin Horton Jr. and Judge William Washington Callahan presided over the second trial of the Scottsboro defendants in Decatur, Alabama.

小詹姆斯·埃德温·霍顿法官和威廉·华盛顿·卡拉汉法官在阿拉巴马州迪凯特主持了斯科茨伯勒案被告的第二次审判。

Because of his impeccable record, criminal defense attorney Samuel Leibowitz was hired by the International Labor Defense to defend the young black men accused at Scottsboro.

由于刑事辩护律师塞缪尔·莱博维茨（Samuel Leibowitz）无可挑剔的记录，他被国际劳工辩护组织聘请为斯科茨伯勒被指控的年轻黑人辩护。

The Scottsboro Defense Committee was formed on December 19, 1935, with the objective to provide a united defense for the Scottsboro defendants.

斯科茨伯勒辩护委员会成立于 1935 年 12 月 19 日，旨在为斯科茨伯勒被告提供统一辩护。

The International Labor Defense, the legal arm of the Communist Party of the United States of America, was formed in 1925 to counter groups like the Ku Klux Klan.

国际劳工保护组织是美利坚合众国共产党的合法机构，成立于 1925 年，旨在对抗三K党等组织。

These are the nine innocent boys who stood trial for rape in one of the most significant legal fights of the twentieth century.

这九名无辜男孩因强奸罪而受到审判，这是二十世纪最重要的法律斗争之一。

The places and events of the fatal journey of the Scottsboro Boys.

斯科茨伯勒男孩致命旅程的地点和事件。