Sandra Day O'Connor: The First

Narrator: The first woman ever to sit on the highest court in the land, Sandra Day O'Connor was meant to be a symbol––a gesture to women, proferred by a political party that had turned its back on their quest for equality.

旁白：桑德拉·戴·奥康纳是美国最高法院第一位女性法官，她本应成为一个象征——一个对女性的姿态，是一个背弃女性追求平等的政党所提出的。

Narrator: In her quarter of a century on the bench, however, she proved far more.

旁白：然而，在她担任替补席的四分之一个世纪里，她证明了更多。

Narrator: Confirmed amid the first salvos of the culture wars, O'Connor would find herself holding the Court's center of gravity: striving to keep the law from radically changing direction and the country from going to extremes.

旁白：在文化战争的第一波猛烈攻击中，奥康纳发现自己占据了法院的重心：努力防止法律彻底改变方向，防止国家走向极端。

Whether she actually bridged differences or merely papered over them would remain a matter of debate.

她究竟是真正弥合了分歧，还是仅仅掩盖了分歧，仍然是一个有争议的问题。

But with consensus and civility her defining creed, she nevertheless became the most influential Supreme Court Justice of her time.

但凭借共识和文明作为她的信条，她仍然成为了她那个时代最有影响力的最高法院法官。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was smart, and she was staggeringly energetic, and she could carry both roles, the conventional female role that made her not scary, and the tough-minded judicial role that made her powerful.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她很聪明，而且精力充沛，她可以扮演两个角色，传统的女性角色让她不可怕，而坚强的司法角色让她强大。

She was the perfect first.

她是完美的第一。

Narrator: When she arrived on Capitol Hill on the morning of September 9th, 1981, Sandra Day O'Connor already was the most talked-about judicial nominee in American history.

旁白：1981年9月9日早上，当桑德拉·戴·奥康纳抵达国会山时，她已经是美国历史上最受关注的司法候选人。

Narrator: For the next three days, she would also be the most-watched.

旁白：接下来三天，她也是最受关注的。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: Sandra Day O’Connor: There are more requests for press passes to her confirmation hearing than there were to the Watergate hearings.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：桑德拉·戴·奥康纳（Sandra Day O’Connor）：要求出席她的确认听证会的记者通行证的数量比水门事件听证会的数量还要多。

It’s the first time judicial confirmation hearings have been run on TV gavel to gavel.

这是司法确认听证会首次在电视上进行。

And there are tens of millions of people watching.

而且还有上千万人在观看。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Everybody that had a television was tuned in, because she was a figure of fascination.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：每个拥有电视的人都在收看，因为她是一个令人着迷的人物。

The notion of a woman on the court was so unusual.

法庭上女性的概念是如此不寻常。

She was going to be different.

她将会变得不同。

Narrator: A lifelong Republican, O'Connor had been nominated to the Court by President Ronald Reagan, and now strode into the hearing room on the arms of party stalwarts Senators Goldwater and Thurmond.

旁白：奥康纳是一位终身共和党人，被罗纳德·里根总统提名为最高法院大法官，现在他在党内坚定的参议员戈德华特和瑟蒙德的怀抱下大步走进听证室。

Narrator: Her conservative bonafides seemed assured.

旁白：她的保守态度似乎很确定。

Narrator: Outside the Senate chamber, however, fellow Republicans denounced her.

旁白：然而，在参议院外，共和党同僚谴责了她。

Narrator: They were Christian conservatives––the vanguard of a mounting counter-revolution forged by opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment and fueled by a generation's worth of liberal Supreme Court decisions, especially Roe v.

旁白：他们是基督教保守派——由于反对平等权利修正案而形成的日益严重的反革命的先锋，并受到最高法院一代人的自由派判决的推动，特别是罗伊诉美国最高法院的判决。

Wade, the controversial 1973 decision that established a right to abortion.

韦德 (Wade) 1973 年作出的备受争议的决定确立了堕胎权。

Narrator: Their votes had helped catapult Reagan into the presidency.

旁白：他们的选票帮助里根登上了总统宝座。

[O’Connor] Ok Senator, my personal views and beliefs have no place in the resolution of any legal issues.

[奥康纳]好的参议员，我个人的观点和信仰在任何法律问题的解决中没有地位。

Narrator: Within the Senate chamber, O'Connor's assertion of judicial independence was a virtue––and by the hearings' third day, she was widely thought to have a lock on the confirmation.

旁白：在参议院内，奥康纳对司法独立的主张是一种美德——到听证会的第三天，人们普遍认为她已经锁定了确认。

But when it came to the demonstration in the street––and the growing ideological divide over American values––no one could say for certain which side she was on.

但当涉及到街头示威——以及美国价值观日益扩大的意识形态分歧时——没有人能确切地说她站在哪一边。

Narrator: Independence perhaps came naturally to a person raised as Sandra Day had been, miles from nowhere in the southeastern corner of Arizona, on a 160,000-acre cattle ranch called the Lazy B.

旁白：对于像桑德拉·戴这样长大的人来说，独立也许是很自然的事，距离亚利桑那州东南角几英里远，在一个名为“懒惰 B”(Lazy B) 的占地 160,000 英亩的牧场上。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Sandra Day O’Connor: It took a man on horseback a whole day just to ride across it.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：桑德拉·戴·奥康纳（Sandra Day O’Connor）：一个骑马的人花了一整天的时间才骑过它。

The Day family called it their own country, and it was.

戴一家称其为自己的国家，确实如此。

There was nobody else there.

那里没有其他人。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Arizona was really a frontier place in the 30’s when she was growing up, so everybody had to pitch in.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：在她成长的过程中，亚利桑那州在 30 年代确实是一个前沿地区，所以每个人都必须参与其中。

It was just a tiny little society in which she was an equal.

这只是一个小社会，她在其中是平等的。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She learned to fire a rifle when she was old enough to hold one, to drive a truck when she was about 10.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一个：她在能握步枪的时候就学会了开枪，在她 10 岁左右的时候就学会了开卡车。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: You can’t overstate the self-reliance you get growing up in a place like that.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：在这样的地方长大的自力更生，怎么形容都不为过。

You solve your own problems and the job isn't finished until it's finished.

你解决了你自己的问题，工作直到完成才算完成。

Narrator: Years later, O'Connor often would recall the day she was charged with delivering lunch to the ranch hands out working the roundup.

旁白：多年后，奥康纳经常回忆起她被负责向牧场分发午餐以进行综述的那一天。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She loaded up the old Willie’s Jeep with lunch and started out for the rendezvous point where the cowboys were going to be branding the calves…

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她把午餐装到旧威利吉普车上，出发前往牛仔们要给小牛打烙印的集合点……

and she got a flat.

她得到了一套公寓。

Here she is, all of, you know, 14 or 15 years old and had to change a flat tire on a four-wheel-drive Jeep in the middle of nowhere, without any help and get onto lunch.

你知道，她只有 14 或 15 岁，不得不在荒无人烟的地方更换一辆四轮驱动吉普车的漏气轮胎，没有任何帮助，然后去吃午饭。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She was very proud of herself when she achieved this.

Oscie Thomas，合作者，第一：当她实现这一目标时，她为自己感到非常自豪。

She gets out to the roundup.

她出去参加综述。

She says, Dad, I had a flat tire, and I fixed it.

她说，爸爸，我的轮胎漏气了，我修好了。

Her father says you’re late.

她父亲说你迟到了。

Next time leave earlier.

下次早点出发。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She always said she learned a lesson from that, which is there were no excuses.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她总是说她从中吸取了教训，那就是没有任何借口。

You either did what you had to do, or you didn’t do what you had to do.

你要么做了你必须做的事，要么你没有做你必须做的事。

Narrator: They were reluctant ranchers, Sandra's parents: Ada Mae, a college graduate from El Paso who greeted each morning on the Lazy B wearing stockings and perfume, and Harry, a champion high-school athlete, bound for Stanford when he was drafted to rescue the family ranch.

旁白：桑德拉的父母都是不情愿的牧场主：艾达·梅 (Ada Mae)，一位来自埃尔帕索的大学毕业生，每天早上都穿着长袜和香水在 Lazy B 上迎接；哈利，一名高中冠军运动员，在被征召去拯救家庭牧场时，前往斯坦福大学。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: He missed out on the education he dreamed of.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：他错过了他梦想的教育。

And instead he had to go back to this miserable ranch that wasn't his choice.

相反，他不得不回到这个不是他选择的悲惨牧场。

Mom was born right into that picture.

妈妈就出生在这张照片里。

All of his dreams I think had to be delivered through her.

我认为他所有的梦想都必须通过她来实现。

She was the vehicle.

她就是那辆车。

Narrator: Shipped off to her grandmother in El Paso for the school term from the age of six, Sandra made it her business to excel––skipping two grades and enrolling at Stanford when she was just 16.

旁白：桑德拉从六岁起就被送到埃尔帕索的祖母那里上学，她把追求卓越作为自己的事业——跳级两级，年仅 16 岁时就读于斯坦福大学。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She went to Stanford in the fall of 1946 and it was as she wrote home, utopia.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，作家，第一：1946 年秋天，她去了斯坦福大学，正如她在家里写的那样，那是一个乌托邦。

It was this land of learning, it was beautiful.

这是这片学习的土地，它很美丽。

It was fresh, green.

它是新鲜的、绿色的。

It was everything the ranch was not in the sense of being full of life.

这就是牧场所没有的一切。

She just loved it.

她只是喜欢它。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: Like campuses across the country, Stanford has welcomed G.I.s, and one of her friends says that it’s full of smiling men in bomber jackets.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：就像全国各地的校园一样，斯坦福大学也欢迎美国士兵，她的一个朋友说，里面到处都是穿着飞行员夹克、面带微笑的男人。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Sandra Day was confident in the way that a very smart, very treated-like-an-equal-since she-was-able-to-talk young woman would be.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：桑德拉·戴（Sandra Day）对一个非常聪明、非常受到平等对待的年轻女性充满信心，因为她能够说话。

So, when she went to Stanford from this remote ranch, and all of these more sophisticated young women, from like, San Francisco and stuff were thinking, you know, who’s this nobody?

所以，当她从这个偏远的牧场去斯坦福大学时，所有这些来自旧金山之类的更成熟的年轻女性都在想，你知道，这个无名小卒是谁？

And the next thing they knew, she had captured the most desirable guy at the dance and was riding around in his convertible with him.

接下来他们就知道，她在舞会上俘获了最令人向往的男人，并和他一起坐在他的敞篷车里。

Narrator: Curious, self-motivated, always prepared, Sandra sailed through her undergraduate courses––and inspired by a charismatic lecturer named Harry Rathbun, continued on to study law.

旁白：好奇心强、自我激励、时刻准备着的桑德拉顺利完成了本科课程，并受到一位名叫哈里·拉斯本 (Harry Rathbun) 的魅力讲师的启发，继续学习法律。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: He taught her that you can make a difference in the world, that a single person can have an impact, and that women can take their place alongside men and men need to let them.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：他告诉她，你可以改变世界，一个人可以产生影响，女性可以与男性并肩，而男性需要让她们这么做。

His encouragement helped her decide that she could go to law school.

他的鼓励帮助她决定去法学院。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Sandra Day was near the top of her class at Stanford Law School, top 10%, law review.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，作者，第一：桑德拉·戴 (Sandra Day) 在斯坦福大学法学院的班级中名列前茅，法律评论排名前 10%。

And any student with a B average could apply to any one of about 40 law firms in San Francisco and Los Angeles, and she applied to all of them.

任何平均成绩为 B 的学生都可以申请旧金山和洛杉矶大约 40 家律师事务所中的任何一家，而她申请了所有这些律师事务所。

She was given one job interview and the lawyer there asked her, "How well do you type?"

她接受了一次工作面试，那里的律师问她：“你打字怎么样？”

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar: Her experience was very much like many of the women who graduated from those elite law schools––just plenty of promise, certainly incredible credentials, but a legal market that was absolutely inhospitable to them.

梅丽莎·默里（Melissa Murray），法律学者：她的经历与许多从精英法学院毕业的女性非常相似——只有大量的希望，当然令人难以置信的资历，但法律市场对她们来说绝对不友好。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was told repeatedly that the firm didn’t hire women.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她多次被告知该公司不雇用女性。

And I think it came as a shock to her.

我认为这对她来说是一个震惊。

She never got the message that there were limits on what she could accomplish.

她从来没有得到这样的信息：她能完成的事情是有限的。

She was as confident that the world would reward her and offer her a good life as any man would be.

她坚信这个世界会像任何男人一样奖励她并为她提供美好的生活。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She knew she was as smart as almost any of the people who were getting multiple job offers.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：她知道自己和几乎所有获得多份工作机会的人一样聪明。

Her friend Bill Rehnquist was on his way to Washington to clerk on the Supreme Court.

她的朋友比尔·伦奎斯特 (Bill Rehnquist) 正在前往华盛顿担任最高法院书记员。

And she did not think that she would be left in an empty room when everybody else had gotten their jobs.

她不认为当其他人都找到工作时，她会被留在一个空房间里。

Narrator: Sandra and Bill Rehnquist had been something of an item their first year at Stanford Law, and writing to her from D.C. that summer after graduation, he took it into his head to propose.

旁白：桑德拉和比尔·伦奎斯特在斯坦福大学法学院的第一年就已经很般配了，毕业后的那个夏天，他在华盛顿给她写了一封信，并提出了求婚的想法。

By then, however, the popular Miss Day's affections already had been pledged––to a charming, urbane classmate named John O'Connor, who'd been paired with Sandra for a law review proofreading assignment and had taken her out for the next 41 nights in a row.

然而，到那时，受欢迎的戴小姐的感情已经向一位迷人、温文尔雅的同学约翰·奥康纳许诺了，他与桑德拉搭档执行一项法律评论校对任务，并在接下来的 41 个晚上连续带她出去。

The two were married just before Christmas 1952; but the new Mrs. O'Connor hadn't gone to law school to become a wife.

两人于 1952 年圣诞节前结婚。但新任奥康纳夫人上法学院并不是为了成为一名妻子。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She had heard that a local assistant district attorney had once hired a woman in his office, so she went to him and applied for a job.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她听说当地一位助理地方检察官曾经在他的办公室雇用过一名女性，所以她去找他申请了一份工作。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She liked to say that she didn’t feel she had been discriminated against.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：她喜欢说她不觉得自己受到了歧视。

And yet, it’s obvious that she was.

然而，很明显她确实是。

I think she didn’t want to feel as if she was in a weaker position than the men, and she didn’t want to complain about it for fear that they would take it as a sign of weakness.

我认为她不想感觉自己比男人处于弱势，她也不想抱怨这一点，因为担心他们会认为这是软弱的表现。

Not a Feminist, but––or, SOC's Wily Rise

不是女权主义者，但是——或者，SOC 的狡猾崛起

Narrator: Phoenix was a boomtown when the O'Connors settled down there in 1957; but as Sandra recalled it, "you could fit all the women lawyers in [town] around a table."

旁白：1957 年奥康纳夫妇定居菲尼克斯时，菲尼克斯还是一个新兴城市。但正如桑德拉回忆的那样，“你可以让[镇上]所有的女律师围坐在一张桌子旁。”

While John easily found a position with a private firm, she, as a woman and pregnant at that, had no such luck.

虽然约翰很容易在一家私人公司找到了一个职位，但作为一名怀孕的女性，她却没有这样的运气。

So she opened a storefront law practice and took whatever cases came through the door.

于是，她开了一家店面律师事务所，接手任何接手的案件。

When that proved too much after a second and then a third son came along, she volunteered to write state bar exam questions, handled bankruptcy cases, joined the Junior League and became president, all while mincing and sautéeing her way through every recipe in Mastering the Art of French Cooking.

当第二个儿子和第三个儿子出现后，事实证明这太过分了，她自愿写州律师考试问题，处理破产案件，加入少年联盟并成为主席，同时在《掌握法国烹饪艺术》中切碎和炒制每一个食谱。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She was very competitive, let's put it that way.

斯科特·奥康纳（Scott O'Connor），长子：这么说吧，她很有竞争力。

She always had to be doing something.

她总是必须做点什么。

And you know, you had to do well.

你知道，你必须做得很好。

Narrator: John, meanwhile, was making a name for himself as a commercial litigator, and forging connections with the Phoenix elite.

旁白：与此同时，约翰作为一名商业诉讼律师而声名鹊起，并与凤凰城的精英建立了联系。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: John was civic-minded.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：约翰有公民意识。

He was head of a hospital board.

他是一家医院董事会的负责人。

He was on the Rotary.

他是扶轮社的成员。

He had a path that some people would have said would lead him right into politics.

有些人会说他有一条通往政界的道路。

But he knew that his wife was every bit as accomplished as he was.

但他知道他的妻子和他一样有成就。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: Dad loved helping her open doors, meet people.

斯科特·奥康纳（Scott O'Connor），长子：爸爸喜欢帮助她打开大门，结识新朋友。

He helped set a scene or an opportunity, and all she had to do was show up and be herself and she'd win them over.

他帮助营造了一个场景或一个机会，而她所要做的就是出现并做她自己，她就会赢得他们的支持。

Narrator: When John became active in Arizona's Republican Party, Sandra did too––at first, stuffing envelopes for U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater, their neighbor in the affluent Phoenix suburb of Paradise Valley.

旁白：当约翰在亚利桑那州的共和党中变得活跃时，桑德拉也加入了——起初，她为美国参议员巴里·戈德华特（Barry Goldwater）装信封，他是他们在凤凰城富裕郊区天堂谷的邻居。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: Barry Goldwater was promoting the Republican Party as kind of this new redemptive force.

里克·珀尔斯坦（Rick Perlstein），作家：巴里·戈德华特（Barry Goldwater）将共和党宣传为这种新的救赎力量。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: The Barry Goldwater faction of the Republican Party who ran Phoenix were quite explicitly kind of "good government" conservatives.

里克·珀尔斯坦（Rick Perlstein），作家：管理凤凰城的共和党巴里·戈德华特（Barry Goldwater）派系显然是“好政府”保守派。

And one of the ideas of "good government" was that using the free marketplace––in the absence of bureaucracy––this clean-cut, elite generation of entrepreneurs were going to build this sort of businessman’s republic.

“好政府”的理念之一是，利用自由市场——在没有官僚主义的情况下——这一代干净的精英企业家将建立这种商人的共和国。

Narrator: In Goldwater, Sandra heard echoes of her father, whose tirades against the intrusions of the federal government had been a dinnertime staple back on the ranch.

旁白：在戈德华特，桑德拉听到了她父亲的回声，父亲对联邦政府入侵的长篇大论一直是牧场晚餐时的主食。

In politics, she found an outlet for her ambition.

在政治上，她为自己的野心找到了出路。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: Political volunteers who were women were the lifeblood of parties, right?

作家里克·珀尔斯坦：女性政治志愿者是政党的命脉，对吧？

They had all this time on their hands, they had resources.

他们拥有所有的时间，他们拥有资源。

So if you were an ambitious woman, you would find, uh, welcoming arms in, in you know a kind of a party precinct office, and if it’s a party like the Republican party in Arizona that has this young, dynamic senator at its head, attaching yourself to him is like attaching yourself to a rocket ship.

因此，如果你是一位雄心勃勃的女性，你会发现，呃，欢迎手臂进来，在你知道的一种党派办公室，如果是像亚利桑那州共和党这样的政党，有这位年轻、充满活力的参议员领导，那么你与他的联系就像将自己与一艘火箭飞船联系在一起。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: So she got involved in this up-and-coming Republican party, which was a very smart move, because when she decided to go back to work, she could rattle her political network and get what she wanted, which was a paying job.

琳达·赫什曼，作家：所以她加入了这个崭露头角的共和党，这是一个非常明智的举动，因为当她决定重返工作岗位时，她可以扰乱她的政治网络并得到她想要的东西，那就是一份有薪工作。

Narrator: After five years as a nominal homemaker––and with her children all now in school––Sandra returned to the law in 1965, as Arizona's Assistant Attorney General, a low-paid position with a vague job description that served as a primer in the workings of state government.

旁白：做了五年名义上的家庭主妇——孩子们现在都在上学——桑德拉于 1965 年重返法律界，担任亚利桑那州助理总检察长，这是一个低薪职位，职位描述模糊，是州政府运作的入门读本。

Four years after that, a Republican seat in the Arizona Senate was vacated mid-term, and she appealed to her Party connections to get herself appointed.

四年后，亚利桑那州参议院的一个共和党席位在中期被空出，她呼吁她的党内关系让自己获得任命。

She would hold the position through the next two elections, just as the women's movement began to stir.

当妇女运动开始兴起时，她将在接下来的两次选举中担任该职位。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She got to the Arizona state senate when the feminist movement was taking off.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：当女权主义运动兴起时，她进入了亚利桑那州参议院。

And she admits that she was put on great committees that a freshman senator would never have been put on if she hadn’t been a woman.

她承认，如果她不是一名女性，新参议员就永远不会被派往伟大的委员会。

They were showing her off.

他们在炫耀她。

Narrator: Senator O'Connor did not identify as a feminist.

旁白：奥康纳参议员并不认为自己是女权主义者。

As she once put it to members of the Rotary and Kiwanis clubs: "I come to you with my bra and my wedding ring on." But she'd nevertheless arrived at the Arizona statehouse with an equal opportunity agenda of her own.

正如她曾经对扶轮社和基瓦尼斯俱乐部的成员所说的那样：“我戴着胸罩和结婚戒指来找你们。”但她带着自己的平等机会议程来到了亚利桑那州议会。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: Her view of a feminist who was somebody who was demonstrating in the streets and that’s not who she was.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：她对女权主义者的看法是，女权主义者是在街上示威的人，但她不是这样的人。

But nothing would frustrate her more than to suggest a woman wasn’t able to do a job.

但没有什么比暗示女性无法胜任工作更让她沮丧的了。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: One of the important things to her was the art of the possible.

Oscie Thomas，合作者，第一：对她来说最重要的事情之一就是可能性的艺术。

She said, you get your foot in the door, and you put on a good show.

她说，你迈进了门，你就上演了一场精彩的表演。

You show people that women can do a good job, and they’ll give you more jobs.

你向人们展示女性也能做好工作，她们就会给你更多的工作。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Which is her way of saying, I’m not a feminist, but...That did not actually help the movement, but it did help her make her way into a hostile environment which helped the movement.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：这是她的说法，我不是女权主义者，但是……这实际上并没有帮助这场运动，但它确实帮助她进入了一个有利于这场运动的敌对环境。

Narrator: O'Connor read the legislation that no else did and worked across the aisle when it served the interests of the state––which, given the Republicans' slender majority, was nearly always.

旁白：奥康纳阅读了其他人没有做过的立法，并且当它符合国家利益时，它就会在两党之间发挥作用——考虑到共和党占微弱多数，这几乎总是如此。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: What she learned was the virtue, the necessity of negotiation, of compromise, of bringing people together to reach a result that everybody could live with.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：她学到的是美德，谈判、妥协的必要性，以及将人们聚集在一起以达成每个人都能接受的结果的必要性。

Evan Thomas, Author, First : Her colleagues called her a know-it-all, that know-it-all from Stanford.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，第一：她的同事称她为万事通，来自斯坦福大学的万事通。

She once amended a bill to remove a comma.

她曾经修改过一项法案，删除了一个逗号。

But they respected her.

但他们尊重她。

She was somebody who got it done, but didn’t make you feel that she had gotten it done.

她是一个完成了任务的人，但并没有让你觉得她已经完成了任务。

She could play you without you feeling played.

她可以玩弄你，而你却感觉不到被玩弄。

Narrator: On the heels of her re-election in 1972, O'Connor's Senate colleagues made her Majority Leader, the first woman in any state in the country to ascend to that post.

旁白：1972 年奥康纳连任后，她的参议院同事任命她为多数党领袖，这是美国各州第一位担任该职位的女性。

With it came a responsibility to push through her party's agenda, whatever the obstacle.

随之而来的是，无论遇到什么障碍，都要推动她所在政党的议程。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She had one particular antagonist, the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, a fellow named Tom Goodwin.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，第一：她有一个特别的对手，众议院拨款委员会主席，一个名叫汤姆·古德温（Tom Goodwin）的人。

Tom Goodwin was a drunk-by-10-AM drunk, a real drunk, and he would just disappear with the budget.

汤姆·古德温 (Tom Goodwin) 早上 10 点就已经醉了，真正的醉汉，他会带着预算消失。

So finally she called him on this and said, you know, "You're drinking too much."

所以最后她打电话给他说，你知道，“你喝得太多了。”

Linda Hirshman, Writer: And he said to her, if you were a man, I’d punch you.

琳达·赫什曼，作家：他对她说，如果你是个男人，我就会打你。

And she looked at him and said, if you were a man, you could.

她看着他说，如果你是个男人，就可以。

So there was a toughness, a mental toughness there that was extraordinary.

所以那里有一种非凡的韧性、精神韧性。

Narrator: Arizona feminists expected the new Majority Leader would use her clout on behalf of the ERA, which had passed Congress with overwhelming bi-partisan support in March 1972.

旁白：亚利桑那州的女权主义者期望新的多数党领袖能够代表 ERA 使用她的影响力，该法案于 1972 年 3 月以压倒性的两党支持在国会获得通过。

Narrator: O'Connor had championed the amendment then––taking to the floor of the Senate to urge her colleagues to ratify.

旁白：奥康纳当时支持该修正案，并在参议院发言敦促她的同事批准。

But the measure had been idling ever since, and she now sensed a shift in the political winds, driven by a right-wing Republican activist named Phyllis Schlafly.

但从那以后，这项措施就一直闲置，她现在感觉到政治风向发生了变化，这是由一位名叫菲利斯·施拉夫利(Phyllis Schlafly)的右翼共和党活动人士推动的。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: Phyllis Schlafly came out foursquare against the Equal Right Amendment as, um, basically a...

里克·珀尔斯坦（Rick Perlstein），编剧：菲利斯·施拉夫利（Phyllis Schlafly）反对平等权利修正案，因为，嗯，基本上是……

elite conspiracy to rob women of the privileges they derived from traditional gender arrangements.

精英阴谋剥夺妇女从传统性别安排中获得的特权。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: And it was a very powerful argument for people who held these traditional values.

里克·珀尔斯坦（Rick Perlstein），作家：对于持有这些传统价值观的人来说，这是一个非常有力的论据。

Narrator: It was troubling to O'Connor, the right-wing fervor rising in the GOP ranks.

旁白：共和党队伍中右翼热情高涨，这让奥康纳感到不安。

Like many moderate Republicans, she cared more about good government than controversial social issues––and didn't care much for religion when worn on sleeves.

像许多温和的共和党人一样，她更关心良好的政府而不是有争议的社会问题，并且不太关心袖子上的宗教信仰。

But Schlafly's campaign already had mobilized religious conservatives across the country––among them, as O'Connor well knew, numerous members of her own Republican caucus.

但施拉夫利的竞选活动已经动员了全国各地的宗教保守派——正如奥康纳所熟知的那样，其中包括她自己的共和党核心小组的众多成员。

With feminists clamoring for an up-or-down vote on the floor of the Arizona senate, Majority Leader O'Connor took stock of the ERA's chances––and quietly let the measure die in committee.

随着女权主义者在亚利桑那州参议院要求进行赞成或反对的投票，多数党领袖奥康纳评估了 ERA 的机会，并悄悄地让该法案在委员会中夭折。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: The feminists were disappointed in her, you know, "You didn't try hard enough.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：女权主义者对她感到失望，你知道，“你没有足够努力。

You're a powerful figure.

你是一个强大的人物。

You're Majority leader.

你是多数党领袖。

Why couldn't you force it out of committee?" But she didn't have the votes to get it out of committee.

为什么你不能强迫它退出委员会？”但她没有足够的票数将其从委员会中剔除。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Instead, she made a list of every law in the state of Arizona that discriminated against women.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，首先：相反，她列出了亚利桑那州所有歧视女性的法律。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She made it her business to change every single one of those laws, and she did––without getting into a fight that would have been great for virtue signaling but wouldn't have gotten anywhere.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，第一：她把改变这些法律中的每一项作为自己的职责，而且她做到了——没有卷入一场本来可以很好地传达美德信号但不会取得任何成果的斗争。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Men have power in America, so it's absolutely central that she figured out a way to work with them.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：在美国，男性拥有权力，因此她找到与他们合作的方法绝对是核心。

She was able to rise without triggering that angry resentment that women are almost always greeted with when they are the first great something.

她能够在不引发愤怒怨恨的情况下崛起，而女性在成为第一个伟大人物时几乎总是受到欢迎。

Narrator: By the early 1970s, the O'Connor home on Denton Lane had become a hub––and Sandra and John, Paradise Valley's golden couple.

旁白：到了 20 世纪 70 年代初，位于丹顿巷的奥康纳家已成为一个中心——还有桑德拉和约翰，天堂谷的黄金情侣。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: They were sporty.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，首先：他们很运动。

They were good looking.

他们看起来很好。

They gave good cocktail parties.

他们举办了很好的鸡尾酒会。

But there was something else going on there.

但那里还发生了其他事情。

They were equal, and that was pretty unusual.

他们是平等的，这很不寻常。

People could see their mutual regard, and they were kind of fascinated by it.

人们可以看到他们的相互尊重，并且对此感到着迷。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: Two lawyers can sometimes be competitive one with another, but they really never were.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前律师助理：两位律师有时可能会相互竞争，但他们实际上从来没有这样。

They both wanted to be participants in their professions and in the community, so they supported one another in what they wanted to do.

他们都想成为自己职业和社区的参与者，因此他们在自己想做的事情上互相支持。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: On any given weekend during the legislative session, Mom would be in the office in the great room in our house and Dad would be at the little roll-top desk in the master bedroom, and they'd each be drafting away with pencils on yellow legal pads.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：在立法会议期间的任何一个周末，妈妈都会在我们家大房间的办公室里，爸爸会在主卧室的小卷顶办公桌前，他们每个人都会用铅笔在黄色便笺簿上起草。

And they'd write and write and write, and then they would trade pads and edit each other's work, and it would turn into a bill at the legislature the next—you know, on Monday.

他们会写啊写啊写，然后他们会交换便笺本并编辑彼此的作品，然后它将在下周一（你知道，周一）变成立法机关的一项法案。

We had no idea that this wasn't normal.

我们不知道这不正常。

We just thought that's what parents did.

我们只是认为这就是父母所做的。

Narrator: Sandra, though, was restless.

旁白：然而桑德拉却焦躁不安。

Even before the Senate's session drew to a close in 1974, she was contemplating her next career move.

甚至在 1974 年参议院会议结束之前，她就在考虑下一步的职业发展。

"I was never one of the boys," she later said.

“我从来都不是男孩中的一员，”她后来说。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She did not suffer fools gladly, even though you didn’t see it.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她并不乐意忍受傻瓜，尽管你没有看到。

She was too smart to show it.

她太聪明了，无法表现出来。

But she was tired of having to play politics and beg and wheedle and manipulate with people who were clearly not as smart as she was.

但她厌倦了与那些显然不如她聪明的人玩弄政治、乞讨、哄骗和操纵。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She thought, "You know, if I went back into the law and not this politicking, I'd be working with people that are playing by the rules.

长子斯科特·奥康纳：她想，“你知道，如果我回到法律而不是政治活动，我就会和那些遵守规则的人一起工作。

They don't interrupt.

他们不打扰。

Everybody gets their turn to speak.

每个人都轮到发言。

There's a system, a process.

有一个系统，一个流程。

Supposedly we get a just result.

据说我们会得到一个公正的结果。

I think I'd like that a lot more than this gladiator-style thing that I'm doing here now."

我想我更喜欢这样，而不是我现在在这里做的角斗士式的事情。”

Narrator: O'Connor had decided to become a judge–-an ambition that had been gathering force since at least 1971, when President Richard Nixon, for whom she'd campaigned, put her one-time suitor Bill Rehnquist on the U.S. Supreme Court.

旁白：奥康纳决定成为一名法官，这个野心至少从 1971 年起就一直在积聚力量，当时她所竞选的理查德·尼克松总统将她曾经的追求者比尔·伦奎斯特 (Bill Rehnquist) 任命为美国最高法院法官。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: Mom and Dad were very dear friends with Bill Rehnquist, who started practicing law in Phoenix.

斯科特·奥康纳（Scott O'Connor），长子：父母是比尔·伦奎斯特（Bill Rehnquist）的好朋友，他开始在菲尼克斯从事法律工作。

You know, they played bridge together a couple times a week.

你知道，他们每周一起打几次桥牌。

And so, for Mom to have somebody that she's gone through the same career with, the same law school, the same courses, the same exams with, get to that position, how could you not believe that it wasn't possible for you?

所以，对于妈妈来说，有一个和她经历过同样的职业生涯、同一所法学院、同样的课程、同样的考试，并达到这个职位的人，你怎么能不相信这对你来说是不可能的呢？

Because you've been all the same places and done all the same things.

因为你们都去过同样的地方，做过同样的事情。

Why not you?

为什么不是你呢？

Narrator: Of the nearly 9,000 judges in the United States at the time, only 300 were women; but O'Connor was undeterred.

旁白：当时美国近9000名法官中，只有300名是女性；但奥康纳并没有被吓倒。

Declaring now for an elected seat on the Maricopa County Superior Court, she spent 13,000 dollars on a mass mailing to Republican households, and beat out her experienced, male opponent with 70 percent of the vote.

现在，她宣布竞选马里科帕县高级法院的选举席位，并花费 13,000 美元向共和党家庭大量邮寄邮件，并以 70% 的选票击败了经验丰富的男性对手。

The career pivot would prove consequential.

事实证明，职业生涯的转变是至关重要的。

Confronted over the next five years with a daily onslaught of human dramas––burglaries, kidnappings, murders, divorces––an experience she later described as "sitting all day in a soap opera," O'Connor earned a reputation for being well-prepared, tough, fair.

在接下来的五年里，奥康纳面临着每天不断发生的人类戏剧——入室盗窃、绑架、谋杀、离婚——她后来将这种经历描述为“整天坐在肥皂剧中”，奥康纳赢得了准备充分、坚强、公正的声誉。

By 1979, she'd been elevated to the Arizona Court of Appeals.

1979 年，她已升任亚利桑那州上诉法院法官。

And there she sat a year later, when Ronald Reagan, then the Republican nominee for president, staked out a position that was likely to cost him with women voters.

一年后，当当时的共和党总统候选人罗纳德·里根(Ronald Reagan)提出一个可能会让他失去女性选民的立场时，她就坐在那里。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: The gender gap, which we hear so much about now, it made its first appearance in the election of 1980.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：我们现在经常听到的性别差距，它在 1980 年的选举中首次出现。

Narrator: It was an abrupt about-face: the Republican Party had endorsed the ERA for four decades.

旁白：这是一个突然的转变：共和党四十年来一直支持 ERA。

But the rise of the Christian right had changed the calculus.

但基督教右翼的崛起改变了局面。

Looking to capture the votes of religious conservatives, the GOP now had made common cause with Reverend Jerry Falwell's Moral Majority––an activist, evangelical political organization anxious to restore to America what they called "family values."

为了赢得宗教保守派的选票，共和党现在与杰里·福尔韦尔牧师的道德多数派达成了共同目标——这是一个激进的福音派政治组织，渴望在美国恢复他们所谓的“家庭价值观”。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: The Moral Majority becomes the center of Ronald Reagan's grassroots political appeal.

里克·珀尔斯坦，作家：道德多数成为罗纳德·里根草根政治吸引力的中心。

And one of the reasons they were so powerful is much like labor unions, churches, could form the organizational backbone of a political campaign.

它们如此强大的原因之一是很像工会、教会，可以构成政治运动的组织支柱。

They're already organized into an infrastructure; you know, all we need to do is kind of flick on the switch.

它们已经被组织成一个基础设施；你知道，我们所需要做的就是轻按一下开关。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: So you had this very powerful constituency within the Republican Party, the kind of people who are quite explicitly opposed, to things like the Equal Rights Amendment, abortion.

作家里克·珀尔斯坦：共和党内有一个非常强大的选民，他们非常明确地反对平等权利修正案和堕胎等事情。

So the Party had to make a choice.

因此，党必须做出选择。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: In 1980, the Republican Party affirmatively removed support for the Equal Rights Amendment from its platform and took their first anti-abortion stance.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：1980 年，共和党明确取消了对平等权利修正案的支持，并首次采取了反堕胎立场。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: So the Republicans were moving against the feminist agenda.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：所以共和党人正在反对女权主义议程。

And women voters responded by not wanting to vote for their candidates.

女性选民的反应是不想投票给她们的候选人。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Ronald Reagan in the swing state of Illinois was 11 points ahead with men but nine points behind with women.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：摇摆州伊利诺伊州的罗纳德·里根（Ronald Reagan）领先男性 11 分，但落后女性 9 分。

So his political advisor said, "We've got to do something about this."

所以他的政治顾问说：“我们必须对此采取行动。”

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: You can’t have a political movement that’s just men.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：政治运动不可能只有男性。

They had to find a way to attract college-educated white women.

他们必须找到一种方法来吸引受过大学教育的白人女性。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: It was a cynical move by Reagan.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：这是里根愤世嫉俗的举动。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: However, once he became president, he got serious about it.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，第一：然而，一旦他成为总统，他就认真对待这件事。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: All of a sudden Mom and Dad were kind of looking at each other, going, "Could it happen?" They didn't want to jinx it by talking about it, but I'm sure they were talking with each other that it was possible.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：突然，爸爸妈妈互相看着对方，问道：“这会发生吗？”他们不想通过谈论它来诅咒它，但我确信他们正在互相谈论这是可能的。

And Dad mobilized every contact he knew to make sure Mom's name got in the hopper.

爸爸动员了他所知道的每一个联系人，以确保妈妈的名字进入漏斗。

Narrator: As a judge, O'Connor had never heard a federal case.

旁白：作为一名法官，奥康纳从未审理过联邦案件。

Nevertheless, her name already was at the top of the Reagan Justice Department's shortlist.

尽管如此，她的名字已经位居里根司法部候选名单的首位。

In fact, Sandra been recommended repeatedly––by both Arizona Senators, Goldwater and DeConcini; by Bill Rehnquist; and by Warren Burger, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who'd met Sandra through mutual friends on an excursion to Lake Powell the previous summer and had been thoroughly charmed by her.

事实上，桑德拉曾多次受到亚利桑那州参议员戈德华特和德康西尼的推荐；比尔·伦奎斯特；最高法院首席大法官沃伦·伯格 (Warren Burger) 在去年夏天游览鲍威尔湖时通过共同的朋友认识了桑德拉，并彻底被她迷住了。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: The Reagan team came down to see her—Ken Starr and John Rose from the Department of Justice.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，首先：里根团队来看望她——来自司法部的肯·斯塔尔（Ken Starr）和约翰·罗斯（John Rose）。

And it was 100 degrees, and she gave them salmon mousse.

当时温度是 100 度，她给了他们鲑鱼慕斯。

I remember John Rose said, "A hundred degrees and salmon mousse.

我记得约翰·罗斯说过：“一百度，三文鱼慕斯。

How does she do it?" All while answering their questions about legal issues with great confidence, kind of a humble confidence but confidence.

她是怎么做到的？”同时以极大的信心回答他们有关法律问题的问题，一种谦虚的信心，但信心十足。

And she absolutely wowed them.

她绝对让他们惊叹不已。

Narrator: O'Connor's nomination led every news broadcast in the country––

旁白：奥康纳的提名引领了全国所有新闻报道——

Narrator: ...

旁白：...

and women everywhere thrilled to a sense of new possibilities.

世界各地的女性都对新的可能性感到兴奋。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: I was actually driving to work.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：我实际上是开车去上班的。

And on my car radio I heard who it was that he had nominated.

我通过汽车收音机听到了他提名的人选。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: And I just burst into tears.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：我泪流满面。

I pulled my car off to a side street and just sat there and cried for a while until I could get back under control and drive to work.

我把车停到一条小街上，坐在那里哭了一会儿，直到我能恢复控制并开车去上班。

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar : I remember my mother said, "Girls can be judges now.

梅丽莎·默里（Melissa Murray），法律学者：我记得我母亲说：“女孩现在可以当法官了。

When I was a girl, I was told I could only be a teacher or a nurse.

当我还是个女孩的时候，我被告知我只能成为一名教师或护士。

This means you can do things that I never dreamt of doing."

这意味着你可以做我从未梦想过的事情。”

Narrator: O'Connor later would insist that when Reagan called to say the nomination was hers, her "heart sank." She doubted her ability to do the work, she told her husband, and dreaded so changing their lives.

旁白：奥康纳后来坚称，当里根打电话说提名是她的时，她的“心沉了下去”。她告诉丈夫，她怀疑自己是否有能力完成这项工作，并害怕因此改变他们的生活。

John, faced with the prospect of leaving a well-established practice and a city that he loved, had no such qualms.

约翰在面临离开一家完善的诊所和一座他热爱的城市的前景时，没有这样的疑虑。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: What would have been very difficult for most men in 1981, did not seem to be that difficult for John.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前律师助理：对于 1981 年的大多数人来说，这可能是非常困难的事情，但对约翰来说似乎并不那么困难。

He saw it, I always thought, as a challenge.

我一直认为，他认为这是一个挑战。

Not as a problem.

不作为一个问题。

I don’t think John ever had any doubt that she could do anything that she wanted to do.

我认为约翰从来没有怀疑过她可以做任何她想做的事。

[Scott] I think we've all talked about it or been told about the possibility over the years but never thought of it very seriously until, you know, just the last few short days.

[斯科特]我想多年来我们都谈论过它或被告知过这种可能性，但从来没有认真考虑过它，直到，你知道，就在最近几天。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: Lines of news vehicles up and down our street.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：新闻车辆在我们的街道上来来往往。

Everybody waiting outside with cameras ready to flash if anybody made an appearance.

每个人都拿着相机在外面等候，一旦有人出现就准备闪光。

And then, you know, every magazine cover had her on the front.

然后，你知道，每本杂志封面的封面都有她。

Every newspaper had her on the front.

每份报纸的封面都刊登了她。

The congratulatory calls, you know, were coming in like crazy.

你知道，祝贺的电话疯狂地打来。

And nobody's prepared for that.

没有人为此做好准备。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She knew almost nothing about constitutional law.

埃文·托马斯，作者，第一：她对宪法几乎一无所知。

She was a state lawyer.

她是一名州律师。

As a state Court of Appeals judge, she dealt with state issues.

作为州上诉法院法官，她处理州问题。

And her least favorite course at Stanford Law School back in 1952 had been constitutional law.

1952 年，她在斯坦福法学院最不喜欢的课程是宪法。

She had to jump in absolutely cold.

她不得不跳进绝对寒冷的地方。

Narrator: O'Connor's nomination had sparked immediate controversy.

旁白：奥康纳的提名立即引发了争议。

At issue: her support for the ERA and, more ominously, positions taken in the Arizona Senate that suggested she was in favor of abortion.

争论的焦点是：她对 ERA 的支持，以及更糟糕的是，她在亚利桑那州参议院所采取的立场表明她支持堕胎。

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar : She had voted in 1970 for a bill that was intended to decriminalize abortion in the state.

法律学者 Melissa Murray：她在 1970 年投票支持了一项旨在将该州堕胎合法化的法案。

It was never passed; but it came up, and it became something of an issue.

它从未被通过；但它出现了，并且成为了一个问题。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: There was a big right to life movement in Arizona and she had not played with them.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：亚利桑那州有一场大规模的生命权运动，但她没有参与其中。

And so, the right-to-life crowd didn’t trust her.

因此，生命权人群不信任她。

The pro-choice crowd didn’t necessarily trust her, either.

支持堕胎的人群也不一定信任她。

Nobody knew what her views were, but all the right-to-life crowd knew was she wasn’t marching along with them.

没有人知道她的观点是什么，但所有争取生命权的人都知道她并没有和他们一起前进。

Narrator: The objection to O'Connor came from one faction of the Republican Party; but it signaled a dramatic shift.

旁白：对奥康纳的反对来自共和党的一个派别；但这标志着一个巨大的转变。

The last nominee to the Court––in 1975, two years after Roe v.

最后一位最高法院提名人是 1975 年，即“罗伊诉美国”案两年后。

Wade––had been confirmed without being asked a single question about abortion.

韦德——没有被问到任何有关堕胎的问题就得到了证实。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: The 1976 Republican party platform said, basically, we’re a party with many views on abortion.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：1976 年的共和党纲领说，基本上，我们是一个对堕胎有很多看法的政党。

It wasn’t until 1980, the platform that Reagan ran on, seven years after Roe, that the party said we are committed to the right to life, and we’re committed to finding judges who will fully respect the right to life, which of course, was code language for who would overturn Roe against Wade.

直到1980年，也就是罗伊案七年之后，里根的竞选纲领才说，我们致力于生命权，我们致力于寻找充分尊重生命权的法官，这当然是谁会推翻罗伊案而反对韦德案的暗语。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: The idea that judges should be chosen for their views on, quote-unquote, human life.

里克·珀尔斯坦（Rick Perlstein），作家：法官的选择应该根据他们对人类生活的看法（引用不引用）。

This broke a norm.

这打破了常态。

When did it become that the litmus test was abortion instead of fidelity to the Constitution?

什么时候变成了试金石是堕胎而不是对宪法的忠诚？

Rick Perlstein, Writer: But things were very much in flux in 1981.

作家里克·珀尔斯坦 (Rick Perlstein)：但 1981 年的情况非常不稳定。

There's a real kind of civil war within the party over whether this is direction they should go.

党内对于这是否是他们应该走的方向存在真正的内战。

Narrator: President Reagan casually dismissed those opposed to his nominee as fanatics; but he fretted about them nonetheless.

旁白：里根总统漫不经心地将那些反对他的提名人的人斥为狂热分子；但他仍然为他们担心。

The Republicans' one-vote majority in the Senate included at least a dozen far right conservatives.

共和党在参议院的一票多数席位包括至少十几名极右翼保守派。

Narrator: What the president hadn't fully grasped, however, was the force of O'Connor's personality––which, over the course of five days in July, she unleashed upon no fewer than 39 senators.

旁白：然而，总统还没有完全领会到奥康纳人格的力量——在 7 月份的五天内，她向不少于 39 名参议员释放了这种力量。

She dazzled them all.

她让他们所有人眼花缭乱。

[Helms] Well, I'm terribly impressed.

[赫尔姆斯]嗯，我印象非常深刻。

I've known her for ten seconds now.

我已经认识她十秒钟了。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was a Republican nominee from a very conservative president.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她是一位非常保守的总统的共和党候选人。

She went to call on Ted Kennedy, the liberal lion of the Senate.

她去拜访了参议院的自由派领袖特德·肯尼迪。

And she walked into his office and reached out her hand and looked at him and said, Senator Kennedy, how’s your mother doing?

她走进他的办公室，伸出手看着他说，肯尼迪参议员，你母亲怎么样？

He never forgot it.

他从未忘记过。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was fantastic with powerful men.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她与有权势的男人相处得很好。

She made powerful men feel like they were the only person in the room and they just flipped.

她让有权有势的男人觉得他们是房间里唯一的人，然后他们就崩溃了。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She did what she always does.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她做了她一直做的事情。

She figured out where the lines of power lay.

她弄清楚了电源线的位置。

She educated herself brilliantly about the questions that she would be asked.

她对自己会被问到的问题进行了出色的自我教育。

She was perfectly well prepared, and utterly attuned to each individual’s emotional needs.

她做好了充分的准备，并且完全适应每个人的情感需求。

Narrator: In the end, O'Connor's hearings in September were more spectacle than substance––the outcome all but pre-determined, if not preordained.

旁白：最后，奥康纳九月份的听证会更多的是场面而非实质内容——结果即使不是预先注定的，也几乎是预先确定的。

The final vote to confirm was 99 to zero.

最终确认票数为 99 比 0。

Narrator: The confirmation of a woman had put every politician in the room on the right side of history––and exactly the right sort of woman on the bench.

旁白：一位女性的确认让在场的每一位政治家都站在了历史的正确一边——而且正是坐在替补席上的正确女性。

As one female columnist noted: "[O'Connor] is good looking without being alienatingly beautiful and bright without being alarmingly intellectual...She is an achieving woman without an edge."

正如一位女性专栏作家所指出的：“[奥康纳]长得很漂亮，但美丽却并不显得异常美丽；她聪明又聪明，但又没有高得惊人的智力……她是一位有成就、没有优势的女性。”

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: Sandra Day O’Connor was a savvy political pick.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：桑德拉·戴·奥康纳是一位精明的政治人选。

Here’s this woman who looks like she could be on the PTA.

这位女士看起来可能是 PTA 成员。

She was not someone who was about to overturn the apple cart and allow men to be in a position where they would have to defend themselves.

她不是那种想要推翻苹果车并让男人处于必须自卫的境地的人。

Narrator: Justice O'Connor was sworn in on September 25th, 1981––one week before the first Monday in October, when, by tradition, the High Court's session begins.

旁白：奥康纳大法官于 1981 年 9 月 25 日宣誓就职，距离 10 月第一个星期一还有一周，按照传统，高等法院开庭时间是在这一天。

SOT [SOC_2008]: [Reporter] As spectators applauded, Mrs. O’Connor emerged with Chief Justice Berger to pose for photographers.

SOT [SOC_2008]：[记者]随着观众的掌声，奥康纳夫人与首席大法官伯杰一起出现，为摄影师摆姿势。

She said her robe which is shorter than those usually worn in federal courts was the one she used in Arizona.

她说，她在亚利桑那州使用的长袍比联邦法院通常穿的长袍短。

And she had no intention of replacing it until it wore out.

而且直到它用坏了，她才打算更换它。

[O’Connor] I’ll buy a new one eventually if this one gets frayed.

[奥康纳]如果这件磨损了，我最终会买一件新的。

Narrator: She was the lone woman among eight men––and the two previously known to her offered not a word of welcome or wisdom once she arrived.

旁白：她是八个男人中唯一的女人——她到达后，她以前认识的两个人没有对她表示欢迎或智慧。

Narrator: "The Court is large, solemn.

旁白：“法庭很大，很庄严。

I get lost at first," O'Connor confided to her journal.

我一开始就迷路了，”奥康纳在她的日记中透露。

"It is hard to get used to the title of 'Justice.'"

“很难习惯‘正义’这个称号。”

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Nobody's expectations were greater than her own.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：没有人的期望比她自己的期望更大。

One of her favorite expressions was, "It's good to be first, but you don't want to be the last." She knew that if she blew it, there weren't going to be any more female appointments for a long time.

她最喜欢的一句话是：“成为第一个很好，但你不想成为最后一个。”她知道，如果她搞砸了，很长一段时间内都不会再有女性约会了。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She had enough self-confidence that she was willing to take it, but that didn't mean she wasn't scared of the first term, the first few cases, the first few weeks.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她有足够的自信，愿意接受，但这并不意味着她不害怕第一个学期、最初的几个病例、最初的几周。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: Initially, it’s rocky.

Oscie Thomas，合作者，首先：最初，情况很不稳定。

She is there at her first oral argument.

她参加了第一次口头辩论。

She knows that people are watching her.

她知道人们在注视着她。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She starts to ask a question, and the lawyer at the podium says, "Let me finish." That is not the way Supreme Court practice works.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，首先：她开始问一个问题，讲台上的律师说：“让我说完。”这不是最高法院的做法。

That evening in her journal, she wrote, "I felt put down."

那天晚上，她在日记中写道：“我感到沮丧。”

Evan Thomas, Author, First: There was the expectation that as a woman, she would keep a low profile.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：作为一名女性，人们期望她保持低调。

This was the expectation on the Court itself.

这是法院本身的期望。

When she got there, the Chief Justice of the United States gave her a memo, a psychological study, about what happens when a woman enters a group of male leaders.

当她到达那里时，美国首席大法官给了她一份备忘录，一份心理学研究，内容是关于当一名女性进入男性领导人群体时会发生什么。

The report found that it was unsettling, off-putting, to the male leaders, and therefore, the woman should be passive.

报告发现，这让男性领导人感到不安和反感，因此女性应该采取被动的态度。

Justice O'Connor couldn't believe it.

奥康纳法官简直不敢相信。

But she just rolled with it and she set about proving herself.

但她只是顺其自然，并开始证明自己。

Narrator: With the Court slated to hear 167 cases that first term, the work of a justice would've been challenge enough; but as the first woman on the Supreme Court, O'Connor was also a symbol.

旁白：法院第一届任期内将审理 167 起案件，法官的工作已经足够具有挑战性了；但作为最高法院第一位女性法官，奥康纳也是一个象征。

Narrator: Continuously trotted out for White House photo-ops and swearing-in ceremonies...

旁白：不断地跑去白宫拍照和宣誓就职……

Narrator: ...asked to give speeches all over the country and invited to every party in town, she found herself plunged into a curious sort of celebrity.

旁白：……被要求在全国各地发表演讲并受邀参加镇上的每一个聚会，她发现自己陷入了一种奇怪的名人之中。

During her first term alone, she received some 60,000 letters––more than any other justice in history.

仅在她的第一个任期内，她就收到了大约 60,000 封信件——比历史上任何其他法官都多。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She is inspiring women around the world, and warming to this role, not of being a celebrity—she actually didn’t like that—but of being a role model.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，首先：她激励着世界各地的女性，并热衷于这个角色，不是成为名人——她实际上不喜欢那样——而是成为榜样。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: No matter how much was piled on her plate, she always managed to do it.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：无论她的盘子里有多少东西，她总是能做到。

Work all day at the court and then go to dinners and then go and give speeches and then go to ribbon cuttings.

在法庭工作一整天，然后去吃晚饭，然后去发表演讲，然后去剪彩。

And people actually thought she had a twin.

人们实际上认为她有一个双胞胎。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She was thrilled that she represented opportunities that she didn't have earlier in her career, as the one that broke the glass ceiling onto the Supreme Court.

斯科特·奥康纳（Scott O'Connor），长子：她很高兴自己代表了她在职业生涯早期所没有的机会，因为她打破了最高法院的玻璃天花板。

Boom, overnight, that changed everything.

繁荣，一夜之间，改变了一切。

Narrator: Meanwhile, as O'Connor settled into the actual work of the Court, partisans on both sides of the aisle scrutinized her every move.

旁白：与此同时，当奥康纳开始投入法院的实际工作时，两党的支持者都在密切关注她的一举一动。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: She thought of herself as a cowgirl.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：她认为自己是一名女牛仔。

And she comes to Washington in mid-life, in a bright spotlight, a figure of history the minute she took that oath, exposed to controversies, doctrines, ideas that she had never had occasion to enmesh herself in.

她在中年来到华盛顿，在聚光灯下，在宣誓的那一刻就成为了历史人物，暴露在她从未有机会卷入的争议、教义和想法之中。

Narrator: The docket in those days was littered with the judicial fallout of Supreme Court decisions handed down in the 1950s and 60s, by a liberal majority under Chief Justice Earl Warren––rulings that had revolutionized constitutional law and drawn the lasting ire of conservatives.

旁白：当时的案卷中充斥着最高法院在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代由自由派多数在首席大法官厄尔·沃伦 (Earl Warren) 领导下做出的裁决所带来的司法影响——这些裁决彻底改变了宪法，并引起了保守派的持久愤怒。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: The Warren Court pushed a number of hot buttons on the American landscape.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：沃伦法院推动了美国局势的一些热点问题。

One was race.

一是种族。

They were the court that ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional.

他们是裁定种族隔离违宪的法院。

Another was religion.

另一个是宗教。

It was the Warren court that said you cannot have organized, official prayer in the public schools.

沃伦法院表示，你不能在公立学校组织正式的祈祷。

And then the one was crime.

然后是犯罪。

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar: You saw incredible movement on criminal procedure, the rights of criminal defendants, Miranda v.

梅丽莎·默里（Melissa Murray），法律学者：您看到了刑事诉讼程序、刑事被告权利、米兰达诉美国案等方面令人难以置信的进展。

Arizona, you have the right to remain silent.

亚利桑那州，你有权保持沉默。

We’d never seen anything like this.

我们从未见过这样的事情。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: A whole series of liberal decisions that expanded federal power into the states and upheld individual rights and group rights.

埃文·托马斯，作者，第一：一系列自由主义决定将联邦权力扩展到各州并维护个人权利和群体权利。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: The abortion decision in 1973—that was after Warren left, but it was part of the same progression.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：1973 年的堕胎决定——那是在沃伦离开之后，但它是同一进程的一部分。

All of this was considered to be too much change too fast to a large section of the population that wanted to make the Court more conservative.

对于大部分希望最高法院更加保守的人来说，所有这些都被认为变化太大、太快。

Narrator: At first, O'Connor seemed in step with the cause.

旁白：起初，奥康纳似乎与这一事业步调一致。

Forging an alliance with Justices Burger and Rehnquist, the Court's leading conservatives, she quickly emerged as an advocate for the "new federalism"––a phrase coined by Ronald Reagan to describe the effort to return power to the states.

她与最高法院的主要保守派伯格法官和伦奎斯特法官结成联盟，很快成为“新联邦制”的倡导者——这是罗纳德·里根创造的一个短语，用来描述将权力归还给各州的努力。

She seemed generally in favor of the death penalty, pro-business, and against public policies based soley on race.

她似乎总体上赞成死刑，支持商业，反对仅仅基于种族的公共政策。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: From her first several years on the Court, one would have thought, here’s somebody that’s going to be a rock-rib Republican conservative judge.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：从她在最高法院任职的头几年起，人们就会想到，她将成为一名坚定的共和党保守派法官。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: She was very, very skeptical of affirmative action.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：她对平权行动非常非常怀疑。

She was way over on—on crime.

她对犯罪的态度已经过分了。

She was skeptical of Roe against Wade.

她对罗伊对韦德持怀疑态度。

Narrator: What was also clear, however, was that O'Connor was cautious––and that she did not, as one journalist noted, "fit neatly into the conservative box."

旁白：然而，同样清楚的是，奥康纳很谨慎——而且正如一位记者所说，她并不“完全符合保守派的风格”。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Early in Justice O'Connor's time, her second year, a case comes before the Supreme Court, a very important case in gender discrimination.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：在奥康纳法官任职的第二年，最高法院收到了一起案件，这是一个非常重要的性别歧视案件。

SOT [archival court audio]: We will hear arguments next in Mississippi University for Women against Hogan.

SOT [法庭档案音频]：接下来我们将在密西西比女子大学听取针对霍根的辩论。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: A man wanted to attend the Mississippi University of Women Nursing School.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前律师助理：一名男子想就读密西西比女子大学护理学院。

It was close to where he lived.

那里离他住的地方很近。

It was a public university, but it was only for women.

这是一所公立大学，但只招收女性。

Narrator: One of a series of cases strategically brought to challenge gender discrimination––and thereby expand women's rights––the Hogan case struck a particular chord for O'Connor.

旁白：霍根案是战略性地挑战性别歧视并从而扩大妇女权利的一系列案件之一，它引起了奥康纳的特别共鸣。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: At the Supreme Court conference, the vote is tied; four justices say yes, four justices say no. As the junior justice, O'Connor has the last vote.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家，第一：在最高法院会议上，投票结果平手；四位法官说是，四位法官说不。作为初级法官，奥康纳拥有最后一票。

It's up to her.

这取决于她。

She's the fifth vote to let men in.

她是第五位投票允许男性进入的人。

Narrator: O'Connor was assigned to write the opinion for the liberal majority.

旁白：奥康纳被指派为自由派多数人撰写意见。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: O’Connor ruled that the exclusion of men from a nursing program was based on stereotype, and it couldn’t stand as a matter of equal protection under the Constitution.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：奥康纳裁定，将男性排除在护理计划之外是基于刻板印象，并且不能作为宪法规定的平等保护问题。

That showed the world that, although she had never presented herself as a feminist, that the first woman on the Supreme Court was going to make a difference when it came to sex discrimination.

这向世界表明，尽管她从未以女权主义者的身份出现过，但最高法院第一位女性法官将在性别歧视问题上发挥重要作用。

Narrator: Then, in a move that would become a kind of signature, O'Connor narrowed the ruling to the facts of the case.

旁白：然后，奥康纳将裁决范围缩小到案件事实，这一举动后来成为一种标志。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She added a footnote saying that this decision would only apply to the nursing school, even though all of the reasoning of the opinion on its face applied to any university.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她添加了一个脚注，表示这一决定仅适用于护士学校，尽管该意见表面上的所有推理都适用于任何大学。

It was the narrowest possible holding.

这是可能持有的范围最窄的股份。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She regarded that as the appropriate approach for the Court to take.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律书记官：她认为这是法院采取的适当做法。

You decide the issues that the Court accepted, and that’s the way that the Court moves the law along.

您决定法院接受的问题，这就是法院推动法律的方式。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: Justice O'Connor did not think that it was the role of the Court, to create revolutions, to lead reforms, but rather, to serve as a limited check on the powers of the government.

前书记官Viet Dinh：奥康纳法官并不认为法院的作用是制造革命、领导改革，而是对政府权力进行有限的制约。

If change is to be had, it is to be done through the legislative process.

如果要进行改变，则必须通过立法程序来完成。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: So her judicial philosophy was, you don’t know if you’re going to do harm or good if you make too large of a ruling.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：所以她的司法哲学是，如果你做出太大的裁决，你不知道会造成伤害还是好处。

Make the narrowest ruling to resolve what you have in front of you, and stay within the sweet spot of America’s belief system.

做出最狭隘的裁决来解决你面前的问题，并保持在美国信仰体系的最佳位置。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: She was a very effective politician well before she was appointed to the Supreme Court.

Viet Dinh，前法律书记员：在被任命为最高法院法官之前，她就是一位非常有效的政治家。

And she had faith in that democratic process and the votes of the people.

她对民主进程和人民的选票充满信心。

[O'Connor] Oh, I don’t know.

[奥康纳]哦，我不知道。

I leave that for other people to say.

我把这个留给其他人来说。

I don’t know.

我不知道。

[Moyers] But as I read your opinions I come, time and time again, upon your reference to the states, much more so than I do any, what might be called, feminist insights.

[莫耶斯]但是当我读到你的观点时，我一次又一次地听到你提到的各州，比我所做的任何所谓的女权主义见解都要重要得多。

[O'Connor] I am a product of state government.

[奥康纳]我是州政府的产物。

And I think that it is appropriate that we try to preserve strong and capable state governments.

我认为我们努力维持强大而有能力的州政府是适当的。

Because I still tend to believe that the best government is that government closest to the people.

因为我仍然倾向于相信最好的政府是最接近人民的政府。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: On the really tough cases, the big social issues like affirmative action and abortion, religion, Justice O'Connor's view was that the Supreme Court is not the last word.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：在真正棘手的案件上，在诸如平权行动和堕胎、宗教等重大社会问题上，奥康纳法官的观点是，最高法院不是最后的决定。

[O'Connor] No, it’s never an absolute end to any issue.

[奥康纳]不，任何问题都不会绝对结束。

It’s more a process of a continuing dialogue.

这更像是一个持续对话的过程。

[O'Connor] Between the court and the Congress and the nation as a whole.

[奥康纳]在法院、国会和整个国家之间。

[Reporter] What impact do you think this will have on the abortion issue?

[记者]您认为这会对堕胎问题产生什么影响？

Perhaps the most emotional issue facing this court?

也许法庭面临的最令人情绪化的问题是什么？

[Reagan] It probably won’t surprise you when I tell you I’m not going to take any questions now.

[里根] 当我告诉你我现在不准备回答任何问题时，你可能不会感到惊讶。

Narrator: When Antonin Scalia first took his seat on the bench in 1986, O'Connor found him to be a breath of fresh air.

旁白：1986 年，当安东尼·斯卡利亚 (Antonin Scalia) 第一次坐上替补席时，奥康纳发现他就像一股新鲜空气。

"Nino Scalia will have a dramatic impact here," she wrote in her journal.

“尼诺·斯卡利亚将在这里产生巨大的影响，”她在日记中写道。

"He is brilliant, confident, skillful and charming."

“他才华横溢、自信、技术精湛且富有魅力。”

Before long, however, she'd settled on an alternate descriptor: abrasive.

然而不久之后，她就选定了另一个形容词：粗糙。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Justice Scalia was a person who thought that much of modern constitutional law was wrong.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：斯卡利亚大法官认为现代宪法的大部分内容都是错误的。

He had an agenda, and it was to set things right by his view, his view that the only legitimate method of constitutional interpretation was to try to figure out what the original meaning would have been to the 18 th century founding fathers.

他有一个议程，那就是按照他的观点纠正事情，他认为解释宪法的唯一合法方法是试图弄清楚对 18 世纪开国元勋来说的原始含义是什么。

Narrator: A fulfillment of the Republican party's promise to appoint anti-abortion judges at all levels, Scalia saw the law in black and white.

旁白：为了履行共和党任命各级反堕胎法官的承诺，斯卡利亚看到了白纸黑字的法律。

O'Connor was inclined toward the grey.

奥康纳倾向于灰色。

Once, while discussing an affirmative action case in which a woman bus driver had been promoted over a more qualified man, Scalia launched into a diatribe against hiring practices based on race or sex.

有一次，在讨论一个平权行动案件时，一名女公交车司机比一名更合格的男司机得到了晋升，斯卡利亚对基于种族或性别的招聘做法发起了猛烈抨击。

O'Connor cut him off midstream: "Why Nino," she deadpanned, "how do you think I got my job?"

奥康纳中途打断了他：“为什么是尼诺，”她面无表情，“你觉得我是怎么找到工作的？”

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Scalia was a justice of rules and not of standards.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：斯卡利亚是一位遵守规则而非标准的正义者。

A rule is you’re either in or you’re out.

规则是你要么加入，要么退出。

A standard is, wow, you really have to think about this––and Sandra O’Connor was much more a justice of standards.

标准是，哇，你真的必须考虑这个——而桑德拉·奥康纳更是标准的正义者。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: Justice O’Connor is not a person who says I’m a liberal, therefore, I think X.

Viet Dinh，前书记员：奥康纳法官不是一个说我是自由主义者的人，因此，我认为X。

Or I’m a conservative, therefore, I think Y.

或者我是一个保守派，因此，我认为是Y。

And so, people who expect her to hue a line will of course be naturally disappointed, because it’s not her line.

所以，那些期待她为台词调色的人当然会失望，因为这不是她的台词。

Narrator: Sex discrimination was on the Court's docket as the new term got underway in October 1988, along with cases involving racial preferences, the death penalty, and abortion.

旁白：随着 1988 年 10 月新任期的开始，性别歧视以及涉及种族偏好、死刑和堕胎的案件都被列入法院的审理范围。

O'Connor foresaw a great deal of wrangling with Scalia ahead.

奥康纳预见到未来将与斯卡利亚发生大量争吵。

Then came the call from the doctors.

然后就接到了医生的电话。

The news was not good: a biopsy she'd had less than a week before had found cancer, a tumor in her breast.

这个消息并不好：不到一周前，她进行的活检发现了癌症，即她乳房中的肿瘤。

To her secretary, O'Connor dismissed it as "an annoyance." But after consulting with several specialists and weighing their contradictory advice––a second biopsy suggested it would be far more than that.

对于她的秘书，奥康纳认为这是“一种烦恼”。但在咨询了几位专家并权衡了他们相互矛盾的建议后，第二次活检表明情况远不止于此。

The cancer had spread.

癌症已经扩散。

O'Connor was 58 years old.

奥康纳 58 岁。

"I felt weak," she recalled much later.

“我感到很虚弱，”她后来回忆道。

"I felt very emotional.

“我感到非常激动。

I was hearing things I didn't want to hear."

我听到了一些我不想听的话。”

Evan Thomas, Author, First: It was a horrible shock.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：这是一次可怕的震惊。

But I think it was even tougher for her because she had this high level of perfection.

但我认为这对她来说更加困难，因为她拥有如此高的完美水平。

She felt that she couldn't do things halfway.

她觉得做事不能半途而废。

She had to do things all in, always the best.

她必须全力以赴，永远做到最好。

She was always on.

她总是在线。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She had never had a moment's thought of her own mortality.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她从未想过自己的死亡。

And all of a sudden, she got hit with a two-by-four in the middle of her career peak as a Supreme Court Justice.

突然间，她在最高法院法官职业生涯的巅峰时期遭到了二乘四的打击。

How unfair is that?

这有多不公平？

"Why me?" And it wasn't so much feeling sorry for herself, I think it was more the shock of it.

“为什么是我？”与其说是为自己感到难过，我想更多的是因为这件事而感到震惊。

"How could this happen?

“怎么会发生这种事？

This can't happen.

这不可能发生。

I have all these things I need to do." It was devastating.

我有所有这些我需要做的事情。”这是毁灭性的。

Narrator: O'Connor careened between hopelessness and terror.

旁白：奥康纳在绝望和恐惧之间徘徊。

"I was stunned," John wrote in his diary after one particularly tearful episode.

“我惊呆了，”约翰在经历了一次特别令人泪流满面的事件后在日记中写道。

"It was the first time I'd seen her lose it emotionally."

“这是我第一次看到她情绪失控。”

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She was always in control.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：她总是处于掌控之中。

And suddenly this was a situation where she could make decisions about how to approach it, but a lot of it was just outside her ability to influence.

突然之间，在这种情况下，她可以决定如何处理它，但很多事情都超出了她的影响能力。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was frightened and depressed.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她感到害怕和沮丧。

And she called one of her woman friends and confided in her.

她打电话给她的一位女性朋友并向她吐露心声。

And she was surprised at the lengths that people went to to comfort her.

她对人们不遗余力地安慰她感到惊讶。

She was emotionally very self-sufficient.

她在情感上非常自给自足。

Narrator: On October 31st, ten days after undergoing a radical mastectomy, O'Connor returned to the bench to hear oral arguments.

旁白：10 月 31 日，在接受根治性乳房切除术十天后，奥康纳回到法官席听取口头辩论。

Chemotherapy was scheduled for Fridays, so the most intense bouts of nausea would coincide with the weekend.

化疗定于周五进行，因此最强烈的恶心发作发生在周末。

And on the Saturday evening after her first treatment, she insisted on going to a dinner dance at the Sulgrave Club.

在第一次治疗后的周六晚上，她坚持要去苏尔格雷夫俱乐部参加晚宴舞会。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Sandra O'Connor's view towards pretty much everything was, "Power through." It was not her nature ever to be a victim.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：桑德拉·奥康纳（Sandra O'Connor）对几乎所有事情的看法都是“通过力量”。成为受害者绝不是她的天性。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: Once she had decided she could do her job as a justice, she didn’t want people to be watching to see whether somehow she couldn’t.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：一旦她决定自己可以胜任法官的工作，她就不希望人们监视她是否无法胜任。

And of course she knew they did when she came on to the bench wearing a wig.

当然，当她戴着假发坐在替补席上时，她知道他们是这么做的。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She knew everybody was watching to see whether she was okay.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：她知道每个人都在看着她是否还好。

Narrator: Years later, speaking publicly about her cancer for the first time, O'Connor would recall the speculation that had swirled around her that fall as she clung to her work, desperate for a sense of normalcy.

旁白：多年后，奥康纳第一次公开谈论自己的癌症，她回忆起那年秋天，当她坚持工作、渴望一种正常的感觉时，围绕着她的各种猜测。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She wanted to be defined by the job she did on the bench, not by something that just happened to her.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她希望通过她在板凳上所做的工作来定义她，而不是通过刚刚发生在她身上的事情来定义。

Narrator: They had marked the January anniversary of Roe v.

旁白：他们庆祝了罗伊诉科特迪瓦一月份的周年纪念日。

Wade with a demonstration every year since 1974––and their numbers had grown steadily larger.

自 1974 年以来，韦德每年都会举行示威活动，而且人数不断增加。

In 1989, some 60,000 turned out for the march along the National Mall and the rally afterward on the steps of the Supreme Court.

1989 年，约有 6 万人沿着国家广场游行，随后在最高法院的台阶上集会。

Had O'Connor been in her chambers that Sunday, she could have seen them from her window.

如果奥康纳那个周日在她的房间里，她就能从窗户看到他们。

Narrator: In a nod to the rising political power of the Christian right, the newly-inaugurated President George H.W.

旁白：为了向基督教右翼政治力量的崛起致敬，新就职的总统乔治·H·W·布什 (George H.W.

Bush––a one-time supporter of Planned Parenthood––conveyed his solidarity via loudspeaker.

布什曾是计划生育组织的支持者，他通过扩音器表达了他的声援。

Rick Perlstein, Writer: George H.W.

里克·珀尔斯坦，编剧：乔治·H·W·布什

Bush is a weather vane for this complicated transformation going on in the Republican Party.

布什是共和党正在发生的这一复杂转变的风向标。

And you could see him sticking his figure in the wind, seeing which direction the wind is blowing, and, and deciding that, you know, he has to cast his lot with the right wing of this particular question.

你可以看到他把自己的身影贴在风中，看看风向哪个方向吹，然后决定，你知道，他必须把自己的命运投向这个特定问题的右翼。

And a pro-lifer is born.

一个反对堕胎者诞生了。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: I always say, Sandra Day O’Connor had reached her sell-by date by the time she got on the Supreme Court of the United States because she represented a Republican party of the libertarian West and of the former support for the Equal Rights Amendment and for abortion rights that was already out of fashion.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：我总是说，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳（Sandra Day O’Connor）在进入美国最高法院时就已经到了她的保质期，因为她代表的是自由主义西方的共和党，以及以前对平等权利修正案和已经过时的堕胎权的支持。

Narrator: Justice O'Connor famously avoided the subject of abortion.

旁白：奥康纳法官以回避堕胎问题而闻名。

If asked when life began, she tended to deflect with a joke: "When the kids are out of college and the dog dies."

如果被问到生命从什么时候开始，她往往会用一个笑话来转移话题：“当孩子们大学毕业、狗死了的时候。”

But the backlash against Roe v.

但对罗伊诉的强烈反对。

Wade lately had turned violent and O'Connor was steeling herself for what lay ahead.

韦德最近变得暴力，奥康纳正在为即将发生的事情做好准备。

Narrator: The Court had considered abortion several times already during O'Connor's tenure––and had struck down similarly restrictive state laws on two occasions, rulings with which the then-Junior Justice had disagreed.

旁白：在奥康纳任职期间，法院已经多次考虑堕胎问题，并两次推翻了类似的限制性州法律，当时的大法官不同意这些裁决。

Arguing in a 1983 dissent that the state had an interest in the fetus throughout pregnancy, O'Connor had signalled her willingness to allow restrictions––so long as they did not impose an "undue burden" on a woman's right to choose.

奥康纳在 1983 年的一次异议中辩称，国家对整个怀孕期间的胎儿都有利益，她表示愿意允许限制——只要这些限制不会对妇女的选择权施加“不应有的负担”。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: The standard of undue burden was cooked up by the Reagan Justice Department in an attack on abortion rights.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：过度负担的标准是里根司法部在攻击堕胎权时炮制出来的。

O’Connor adopts it for her own, and then she just keeps applying it.

奥康纳自己采用了它，然后她就继续应用它。

She would ask in each case, do these restrictions put an undue burden on a woman seeking an abortion?

她会在每种情况下询问，这些限制是否会给寻求堕胎的妇女带来不应有的负担？

Linda Hirshman, Writer: And in the first many cases that she voted on she approved of every restriction.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：在她投票的最初许多案例中，她批准了每一项限制。

She kept finding them not too bad.

她一直觉得它们还不错。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: People on the right were cheering for her.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：右翼人士为她欢呼。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Until 1989, the next big abortion case.

琳达·格林豪斯 (Linda Greenhouse)，法律记者：直到 1989 年，下一个重大堕胎案才发生。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Everybody assumed that O’Connor was also going to be fully for undercutting Roe because of her earlier dissent.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：每个人都认为奥康纳也将完全支持削弱罗伊，因为她早些时候提出了异议。

Narrator: The Missouri case, Webster v.

旁白：密苏里州案件，韦伯斯特诉。

Reproductive Health Services, would be heard by a changed Court––with Reagan appointees in seats once occupied by supporters of Roe.

生殖健康服务部门将由变更后的法院审理，里根任命的人将坐在曾经由罗伊的支持者占据的席位上。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She hated being in the middle of the abortion storm.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：她讨厌陷入堕胎风暴之中。

She knew how loaded it was.

她知道它有多重。

And, importantly, she wasn't 100 percent sure of where she stood on all this.

而且，重要的是，她并不能百分百确定自己在这一切上的立场。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: She got a lot of angry mail on that subject.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她收到了很多关于这个主题的愤怒邮件。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: And she got more than anyone, by far.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：到目前为止，她得到的比任何人都多。

Ton of pressure.

压力很大。

Narrator: O'Connor was wary of wading into a debate so polarized, and troubled by the unsubtle directive the Bush White House had issued to the Court.

旁白：奥康纳对卷入如此两极分化的辩论持谨慎态度，并对布什白宫向法院发出的毫不含糊的指示感到不安。

For once, the opinion from her chambers was slow to come.

这一次，她的内阁的意见迟迟没有出来。

Narrator: And when finally it did, she had refused to take a side.

旁白：当最终发生时，她拒绝站在一边。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: She upheld many of the restrictions in the Missouri law, but she would not go all the way to overturn Roe.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：她支持密苏里州法律中的许多限制，但她不会全力推翻罗伊案。

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar: She may have personally been skeptical of abortion, but she recognized that people had come to rely on these rights.

梅丽莎·默里（Melissa Murray），法律学者：她个人可能对堕胎持怀疑态度，但她认识到人们已经开始依赖这些权利。

And she wasn’t willing to sweep them away.

而她又不愿意把它们扫走。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: When you say, yes, of course I support abortion.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：当你说，是的，我当然支持堕胎。

But I will allow Virginia and Alabama and Texas and North Carolina and all these different states constrain access to abortion, then you get to have it both ways.

但我将允许弗吉尼亚州、阿拉巴马州、德克萨斯州、北卡罗来纳州以及所有这些不同的州限制堕胎，然后你就可以两全其美了。

She basically opens the door for people to go back to the drawing board and bring this case back in two or three years with what they think might be stronger evidence.

她基本上为人们打开了大门，让他们重新开始，并在两三年内带着他们认为可能更有力的证据带回这个案子。

Narrator: To Scalia, it amounted to an abrogation of the Court's duty––and he excoriated the majority for what he called its "indecisive decision." O'Connor's opinion, he fumed in his own, "cannot be taken seriously."

旁白：对斯卡利亚来说，这相当于废除法院的职责——他严厉斥责了多数人，称其为“优柔寡断的决定”。奥康纳的观点“不能被认真对待”，他自己也对此感到愤怒。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: For one Justice to write an opinion saying something like that about another Justice––some people have said that Scalia’s public treatment of her was so aggravating to her that it helped push her away from the conservative side and notably more toward the middle of the Court.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：一位大法官写了一篇评论，对另一位大法官说了类似的话——有人说斯卡利亚对她的公开对待让她很恼火，这帮助她远离了保守派，尤其是更倾向于中间派。

It certainly became visible to the public in that very high profile case.

在那起备受瞩目的案件中，这一点无疑为公众所见。

Narrator: Inevitably, the issue returned to the Court in 1992, with a challenge to a law out of Pennsylvania, the most restrictive yet.

旁白：这个问题不可避免地在 1992 年回到了法院，并对宾夕法尼亚州迄今为止限制最严格的一项法律提出了挑战。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Their intent was to make it impossible for women to get abortions.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：他们的目的是让女性无法堕胎。

And the way to do that was to just keep adding restrictions, and seeing whether the old white men and Sandra Day O’Connor on the Supreme Court, would think that it was not too bad to make a woman go over that gauntlet or the next gauntlet.

而要做到这一点的方法就是不断增加限制，看看最高法院的老白人和桑德拉·戴·奥康纳是否会认为让一个女人经历这个或下一个挑战并不是太糟糕。

[Attorney] That's correct Justice O'Connor.

[律师] 奥康纳法官说得对。

[O'Connor]--or notice if the woman is unmarried.

[奥康纳]——或者注意这位女士是否未婚。

[Attorney] It only applies to married women.

[律师]这只适用于已婚妇女。

[O'Connor]So what's the interest, to try to preserve the marriage?

[奥康纳]那么，试图维持婚姻有什么好处呢？

[Attorney] There are several interests.

[律师] 有几个利益。

The interest, of course, in protecting the life of the unborn child.

当然，是为了保护未出生孩子的生命。

[O'Connor] Well then, why not require notice to all fathers?

[奥康纳] 那么，为什么不要求通知所有的父亲呢？

Narrator: Despite O'Connor's obvious reservations at oral argument, Planned Parenthood v.

旁白：尽管奥康纳在口头辩论中明显持保留态度，但计划生育诉。

Casey was widely expected to end the federal right to abortion.

人们普遍预计凯西将终止联邦堕胎权。

Two Bush appointees had joined the Court since the Webster case––Justices Souter and Thomas––and with or without O'Connor, the majority now seemed likely to skew right.

自韦伯斯特案以来，两名布什任命的法官——苏特法官和托马斯法官——加入了最高法院，无论有没有奥康纳，大多数人现在似乎都倾向于右倾。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: In conference, in the Court’s secret, private conference, there are five votes to undo Roe v.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：在会议上，在法院的秘密、非公开会议上，有五票支持撤销罗伊诉科特迪瓦案。

Wade.

韦德。

It looks like abortion is finished.

看来堕胎已经结束了。

But it isn't.

但事实并非如此。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Nobody knows where it came from.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：没有人知道它来自哪里。

People are thinking it was maybe Souter, who went to his friend, Kennedy and said, we don’t want to do this.

人们认为可能是苏特，他去找他的朋友肯尼迪说，我们不想这样做。

And they knew that O’Connor would be a third vote for not taking—again, for not taking the extreme, world-altering position.

他们知道，奥康纳将成为第三位不采取这一立场的人——再次，因为他不采取极端的、改变世界的立场。

Narrator: The joint opinion the three cobbled together reversed the expected outcome of the case, shifting the majority to the left.

旁白：三人拼凑出的共同意见扭转了案件的预期结果，使多数人转向左派。

O'Connor wrote the nuts and bolts––which reaffirmed the right to abortion and simultaneously established "undue burden" as the new standard by which restrictions would be judged.

奥康纳撰写了具体细节，重申了堕胎权，同时将“不当负担”确立为判断限制的新标准。

The only Pennsylvania restriction to be struck down under that standard was the requirement that married women notify their husbands.

根据该标准，宾夕法尼亚州唯一被废除的限制是已婚妇女通知其丈夫的要求。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: Whatever O’Connor didn’t like was undue.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：无论奥康纳不喜欢什么，都是不应该的。

She knew what it was like to be a woman, a particular kind of woman.

她知道作为一个女人是什么样的，一种特殊的女人。

She could envision traveling, waiting overnight, costing more and more––run that gauntlet––because she was a rich white woman who had a will of iron and could do anything.

她可以想象旅行、通宵等待、花费越来越多——接受挑战——因为她是一个富有的白人妇女，有着钢铁般的意志，可以做任何事情。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: When push came to shove in 1992, Sandra Day O’Connor voted to preserve Roe v.

琳达·赫什曼 (Linda Hirshman)，作家：1992 年，当事情到了紧要关头时，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳 (Sandra Day O’Connor) 投票决定保留罗伊诉科特迪瓦案 (Roe v.

Wade.

韦德。

Was it glue that held the fractious society together?

是将这个纷乱的社会凝聚在一起的粘合剂吗？

Or was it a Band-Aid on cancer?

或者它是治疗癌症的创可贴？

The question of what was undue was gonna be used as a hammer against abortion rights as soon as possible.

不正当行为的问题将尽快被用作反对堕胎权的锤子。

On the other hand, women have had some remote right to abortion since the decision in Casey, and that’s not nothing.

另一方面，自从凯西案的判决以来，女性拥有一些遥远的堕胎权，这并不是什么。

Narrator: It was a blow to O'Connor when Bush lost the presidency...

旁白：布什失去总统职位对奥康纳来说是一个打击……

Narrator: ...

旁白：...

and not simply because she thought Republicans were better at governing.

不仅仅是因为她认为共和党人更擅长执政。

Narrator: The Bushes were friends––she and Barbara played tennis regularly––and she was sorry to see them leave Washington.

旁白：布什夫妇是朋友——她和芭芭拉经常打网球——她很遗憾看到他们离开华盛顿。

Their absence was still palpable two months later, when it became clear that Bill Clinton, the first Democrat to occupy the White House in more than a decade, was to have the privilege of filling a vacancy on the Supreme Court.

两个月后，他们的缺席仍然显而易见，当时十多年来第一位入主白宫的民主党人比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)显然将有幸填补最高法院的空缺。

Narrator: O'Connor had welcomed four new colleagues during her dozen years on the bench.

旁白：奥康纳在担任替补席的十几年里，迎来了四位新同事。

Narrator: But unlike the previous arrivals, this one was a woman.

旁白：不过和之前来的人不同的是，这次是个女人。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: O’Connor was delighted, even though Ginsburg was a Democrat.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：奥康纳很高兴，尽管金斯伯格是民主党人。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: Justice O’Connor was very, very open and sometimes emotional about the fact that it had been very lonely for 12 years.

Viet Dinh，前书记员：奥康纳法官非常非常开放，有时对于自己已经孤独度过了 12 年这一事实感到非常激动。

And she welcomed very much Justice Ginsburg joining the court.

她非常欢迎金斯伯格法官加入法院。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: For one thing, the Court had not put in a lady’s room near the Court conference room.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：首先，法院没有在法院会议室附近设立女士休息室。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Finally, after 12 years, they built a lady’s room.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：12年后，他们终于建造了一间女士房间。

But more important, it gave her an ally.

但更重要的是，这给了她一个盟友。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Incredibly, Supreme Court advocates would get confused between them.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，首先：令人难以置信的是，最高法院的支持者会对它们感到困惑。

So they had these t-shirts made, "I’m Ruth, not Sandra," and, "I’m Sandra, not Ruth." But it normalized having women on the Supreme Court.

所以他们制作了这些 T 恤，“我是露丝，不是桑德拉”，以及“我是桑德拉，不是露丝。”但这使女性进入最高法院成为常态。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She said once that, now instead of being one woman on the Supreme Court, we were just a court of nine justices.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前书记员：她曾经说过，现在最高法院不再是一名女性，而是一个由九名法官组成的法院。

It makes all the difference to have the extra woman added.

如果多了一个女人，一切都会变得不同。

And I think she was just so relieved that a little of that pressure of being the only woman went away.

我认为她感到如释重负，作为唯一女性的压力消失了一些。

Narrator: There would be no more comments in the papers about what O'Connor wore out at night; no more columnists calling her the "Supreme Court's Mom;" no more searching essays on her uniquely "feminine" judgment.

旁白：报纸上不会再有关于奥康纳晚上穿什么的评论了；不再有专栏作家称她为“最高法院的妈妈”；不再有关于她独特的“女性”判断的尖锐文章。

Now, there was only the work of the Court––the legal and constitutional questions that term after term shaped the national reality.

现在，只有法院的工作——一个又一个塑造国家现实的法律和宪法问题。

And increasingly, it was O'Connor who wielded the pivotal vote.

越来越多地，奥康纳掌握着关键的选票。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: There were pretty reliably, in a lot of issues that people cared about, four on one side, four on the other side, and the decision was going to come down to what Justice O’Connor, um, was going to do.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：在人们关心的很多问题中，很可靠的是，一侧有四个，另一侧有四个，而决定将取决于奥康纳法官，嗯，将要做什么。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: If you could win O’Connor, then you could win 5-4.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：如果你能赢得奥康纳，那么你就能以 5-4 获胜。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: This gave her immense power.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：这赋予了她巨大的力量。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She hated being called the swing justice.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她讨厌被称为摇摆正义。

But that’s exactly what she was.

但她就是这样。

Antonin Scalia had a coherent conservative theory.

安东尼·斯卡利亚（Antonin Scalia）有一套连贯的保守派理论。

Ruth Bader Ginsburg had a coherent liberal theory.

露丝·巴德·金斯伯格有一套连贯的自由主义理论。

Since she didn’t have a coherent legal theory, and did this case by case thing, trying to be no broader than the facts in front of her, it was irresistible to try to pull her to your side.

由于她没有连贯的法律理论，并且做事都是个案处理，试图不超出她面前的事实，所以试图将她拉到你一边是不可抗拒的。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: She wanted to make sure that she was a part of the conversation.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：她想确保自己参与对话。

Rehnquist was only going to be on one part of the conversation.

伦奎斯特只会参与谈话的一部分。

She wanted to be a part of everybody’s conversation because that’s really where you can make the most difference.

她想成为每个人谈话的一部分，因为这确实是你可以发挥最大作用的地方。

As long as I am somebody that everybody feels that they can make an argument towards, I can make sure that these issues are brought forth.

只要我是一个每个人都觉得可以争论的人，我就能确保这些问题被提出来。

Narrator: O'Connor voted with the conservatives to reign in racial preferences in federal contracting, but stopped short of declaring them unconstitutional.

旁白：奥康纳投票支持保守派在联邦合同中控制种族偏好，但没有宣布它们违宪。

She voted with the liberals to hold public schools liable for student-on-student sexual harassment––then narrowed the decision to cases where the harassment was severe and the school, clearly negligent.

她与自由派一起投票，要求公立学校对学生之间的性骚扰承担责任，然后将决定范围缩小到骚扰严重且学校明显疏忽的案件。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: So she would withhold her vote.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：所以她会保留投票。

And then she would negotiate with whoever it was that had been assigned the opinion.

然后她会与被指派意见的人进行谈判。

If they were writing an opinion that was too conservative she would say, I’m going to concur and deprive you of your majority.

如果他们写的意见过于保守，她会说，我会同意并剥夺你的多数席位。

Or worse, I’m going to go with the liberal dissenters.

或者更糟糕的是，我将与自由派持不同政见者站在一起。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: It’s a little weird for a nation of several hundred million people to be governed by one swing vote.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：对于一个拥有数亿人口的国家来说，由一次摇摆票来统治有点奇怪。

But that’s the power of the modern Supreme Court.

但这就是现代最高法院的权力。

Narrator: Term after term, the Court handed down rulings with O'Connor's stamp––rulings that nudged the nation one way or another, but left plenty of room for the roiling social debates to play out on the ground.

旁白：最高法院一个又一个任期地做出了带有奥康纳印记的裁决——这些裁决以某种方式推动了国家，但也为当地激烈的社会辩论留下了足够的空间。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: It was a transitional period of a lot of changes in society, and the Court managed to kind of skate on top of them in an O’Connor-ist way, kind of bridging differences and settling issues through minimalist decisions, instead of going all the way.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：那是一个社会发生很多变化的过渡时期，法院设法以奥康纳主义的方式在这些变化之上滑行，通过最低限度的决定来弥合分歧和解决问题，而不是一路走下去。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: One of the symbols of the Supreme Court is a turtle because that's the law: It moves incrementally.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：最高法院的象征之一是乌龟，因为这就是法律：它逐渐移动。

That was Sandra O'Connor's law.

这就是桑德拉·奥康纳定律。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: This business of moderation she felt was ultimately a better service to the nation in the role of the Supreme Court than trying to come in and swing for the fences every time you're at the plate.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：她认为这种温和的做法最终是作为最高法院的角色为国家提供更好的服务，而不是每次在法庭上试图介入并摇摆不定。

She was worried, you know, if the Court made a mistake, how would that reflect on the Court in the future and the nation's confidence in its judiciary?

她担心，如果法院犯了错误，这将如何影响法院的未来以及国家对其司法机构的信心？

Narrator: By the 1999–2000 term, which saw the highest percentage of 5-to-4 decisons in a decade and O’Connor in dissent only four times, the press had taken to calling it "The O'Connor Court."

旁白：到了 1999 年至 2000 年任期，5 比 4 裁决的比例达到了十年来的最高水平，而奥康纳仅提出了四次异议，媒体开始称其为“奥康纳法庭”。

As one journalist observed: "Nineteen years after her appointment as the High Court’s first female Justice, O’Connor has become, in today’s vernacular, 'The Man.'"

正如一位记者所观察到的：“在被任命为高等法院第一位女法官十九年后，用今天的话说，奥康纳已经成为‘男人’。”

Narrator: Eventually, O'Connor would come to regret the decision.

旁白：最终，奥康纳会后悔这个决定。

As she put it to a reporter more than a decade after the fact: "Maybe the Court should have said, 'We're not going to take it.

正如她在案发十多年后对记者所说的那样：“也许法院应该说，‘我们不会接受它。

Goodbye.'"

再见。’”

Narrator: Instead, in the fall of 2000, after nearly two decades on the bench, she found herself confronting a problem for which there was no nuanced solution.

旁白：相反，在 2000 年秋天，在担任法官近二十年之后，她发现自己面临着一个没有细致入微的解决方案的问题。

The presidential election had been inconclusive...

总统选举没有结果……

Narrator: ...and for nearly a month, the nation had been waiting for Florida to break the tie.

旁白：……近一个月来，全国人民一直在等待佛罗里达州打破平局。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Every voting district had a different standard, there were the famous hanging chads, the votes hadn’t been counted properly.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，首先：每个选区都有不同的标准，有著名的悬挂碎屑，选票没有正确计算。

It was a mess.

真是一团糟。

And the Gore forces wanted to have a recount, and the Bush forces wanted to wanted to stop the recount.

戈尔势力想要重新计票，布什势力想要阻止重新计票。

So there was a legal challenge.

因此存在法律挑战。

Narrator: As the justices probed the practicalities of the recount––and struggled to grasp the standard for counting the disputed ballots––O'Connor's impatience was plain.

旁白：当法官们探讨重新计票的实用性并努力掌握有争议选票的计票标准时，奥康纳的不耐烦显而易见。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She did not like mess.

Oscie Thomas，合作者，第一：她不喜欢混乱。

And there is a clock ticking, a December 12th safe harbor date, which is coming up now pretty fast, and the country was getting increasingly anxious.

时钟滴答作响，12 月 12 日是安全港日期，现在很快就到了，整个国家变得越来越焦虑。

Narrator: "We've made our decision," O'Connor told her son the next morning.

旁白：“我们已经做出了决定，”奥康纳第二天早上告诉她的儿子。

"And half the country's going to hate me."

“半个国家都会恨我。”

Evan Thomas, Author, First: All five conservatives voted to stop the recount and in effect elect George Bush, and the four liberals wanted to keep the recount going, which might’ve had the chance of electing Al Gore.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：所有五位保守派都投票停止重新计票，实际上选举了乔治·布什，而四位自由派则希望继续重新计票，这可能有机会选举阿尔·戈尔。

It looked like a raw, political power play.

这看起来像是一场原始的政治权力游戏。

However the story is more complicated than that.

然而，故事比这更复杂。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Justice O’Connor was looking down the road here.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：奥康纳法官正在俯视这里的道路。

The Republican Secretary of State had already certified a slate of electors.

共和党国务卿已经确认了选举人名单。

What happened if Al Gore won a recount?

如果阿尔·戈尔赢得重新计票会发生什么？

There would be a second slate of electors.

将会有第二批选举人。

If a state has two sets of electors, it goes to Congress.

如果一个州有两组选举人，则将提交给国会。

The Senate has one vote and the House has one vote.

参议院有一票，众议院一票。

The House was going to be Republican, the Senate was going to be Democratic—a tie.

众议院将是共和党人，参议院将是民主党人——势均力敌。

Under the law, the tie is broken by the governor of the state.

根据法律规定，这种平局由州长打破。

His name was Jeb Bush.

他的名字叫杰布·布什。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: O’Connor could see it was going to look like a banana republic, that the guy’s brother was going to elect him.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：奥康纳可以预见这将看起来像一个香蕉共和国，这家伙的兄弟将选举他。

Oscie Thomas, Collaborator, First: She could tell that George Bush was going to be president in the end because of the way the process worked.

奥西·托马斯（Oscie Thomas），合作者，第一：由于整个过程的运作方式，她可以看出乔治·布什最终将成为总统。

And that it was better for the country to end it now and not let it drag on into January.

该国最好现在就结束它，不要让它拖到一月份。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: What is so problematic is that the court shouldn’t have been involved.

政治学家杰森·约翰逊：问题在于法院不应该参与其中。

And the fact that years later, Sandra Day O'Connor basically admits, yeah, we probably shouldn’t have gotten involved in that.

事实上，几年后，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳基本上承认，是的，我们可能不应该卷入其中。

Why did you get involved?

你为什么参与其中？

The fact that you have these kinds of doubts, a decade or so later, is not comforting to the majority of Americans that didn’t want George Bush as president.

大约十年后，你有这些疑虑，这一事实并不能令大多数不希望乔治·布什担任总统的美国人感到安慰。

Narrator: The press was merciless.

旁白：媒体是无情的。

Friends were worse.

朋友的情况更糟。

As one wrote O'Connor: "I was shocked along with millions of others, by the naked partisan power play executed by a narrow majority of the court…And I was profoundly disappointed that you chose to be a part of this."

正如奥康纳的一位写道：“我和其他数百万人一样，对法庭上的微弱多数所执行的赤裸裸的党派权力游戏感到震惊……而且我对你选择参与其中感到非常失望。”

Narrator: O'Connor did her best to move on.

旁白：奥康纳尽力继续前进。

The family holiday card that season led with a wish: "May your New Year be free of hanging chads."

那个季节的家庭节日贺卡上写着一个愿望：“愿你的新年没有挂着的碎屑。”

But Bush v.

但布什诉。

Gore would not be so easily shrugged off.

戈尔不会那么容易被忽视。

[ROSE] I'm smiling because I know you don't like to talk about it.

[罗斯]我微笑是因为我知道你不喜欢谈论它。

[O'Connor] I don't like to talk about cases generally.

[奥康纳]我一般不喜欢谈论案件。

[ROSE] Yeah, but that one was so controversial and so-- got so much attention and some say that the court determined the election.

[罗斯]是的，但是那件事引起了很大的争议，受到了如此多的关注，有人说法院决定了选举。

They do say that.

他们确实这么说。

Narrator: O'Connor had planned to retire in 2000, to spend time with John, her partner on the dance floor, on the tennis court, in life––John, who had put her career ahead of his own.

旁白：奥康纳原计划在 2000 年退休，与她的搭档约翰共度时光，在舞池上、在网球场上、在生活中——约翰把她的事业置于自己的事业之上。

He'd begun to forget things sometime in 1996: he lost the thread in the middle of the funny yarns he once so famously spun at parties, lost his wallet, lost his way.

1996 年的某个时候，他开始忘记一些事情：他在派对上曾经广为人知的那些有趣的故事中失去了线索，丢了钱包，迷失了方向。

The Alzheimer's diagnosis had come just months before the election––and the clock was ticking now on the time they had left.

阿尔茨海默氏症的诊断是在选举前几个月做出的——现在他们离开的时间已经过去了。

But having just voted to install a Republican in the White House, O'Connor thought it unseemly to follow through.

但奥康纳刚刚投票任命一位共和党人入主白宫，他认为坚持到底是不合适的。

There would be no more talk of retirement.

不会再有关于退休的话题了。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She was, at the end of the day, a Republican.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：归根结底，她是一名共和党人。

She came from the Republican political establishment.

她来自共和党政治机构。

So I think that her every instinct was to hope for the Republican party to win the elections and to pick the judges and to govern.

所以我认为她的每一个本能都是希望共和党赢得选举、挑选法官和执政。

And I think she did not realize how much the Party had changed.

我认为她没有意识到党发生了多大的变化。

Narrator: Five months after Bush took office, the New York Times magazine published a profile of Justice O'Connor––perhaps the least flattering that had ever appeared in print.

旁白：布什就职五个月后，《纽约时报》杂志发表了奥康纳大法官的简介——这也许是有史以来最不讨人喜欢的印刷品。

Accusing her of "judicial imperiousness," the piece railed against the justice's famously narrow opinions––which, it was noted, "have the effect of preserving her ability to change her mind in future cases."

这篇文章指责她“司法专横”，抨击了这位法官著名的狭隘观点，并指出，“这可以保留她在未来案件中改变主意的能力”。

O'Connor was displeased––in part, because she thought the cover image made her look like George Washington.

奥康纳很不高兴——部分原因是她认为封面图片让她看起来像乔治·华盛顿。

Mainly, though, it was that she disagreed: where her critic had perceived a flaw, the justice, ever confident of the democratic process, instead saw virtue.

不过，主要是她不同意：当她的批评者看到缺陷时，对民主进程充满信心的正义却看到了美德。

Narrator: Over the previous decade, as new appointments had moved the Court to the right, O'Connor had drifted incrementally to the left.

旁白：在过去的十年里，随着新的任命使最高法院向右移动，奥康纳逐渐向左移动。

But in the wake of Bush v.

但在布什诉美国案之后。

Gore––and the terrorist attacks of 9/11––the shift would accelerate.

戈尔——以及 9/11 的恐怖袭击——这种转变将会加速。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: George Bush ran as this guy who was going to be a compassionate conservative.

杰森·约翰逊，政治学家：乔治·布什以富有同情心的保守派身份参选。

But he got in the office and he legislated like a far right president.

但他入职后，像一位极右翼总统一样立法。

And that’s the kind of thing that Sandra Day O'Connor didn’t like.

这正是桑德拉·戴·奥康纳不喜欢的事情。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: She didn’t like the rhetoric that was coming out of the Republican party.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：她不喜欢共和党的言论。

It was really counter to her way of being in the world.

这确实与她的生存方式背道而驰。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She didn’t like when she saw things veering away from the ideal of democracy and the way the country should run.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：当她看到事情偏离民主理想和国家应有的运作方式时，她不喜欢。

Narrator: Dismayed by what she saw as executive overreach, alarmed by the threat to civil liberties and the erosion of basic civility, O'Connor demonstrated her growing distance from the Republican agenda by casting her crucial vote against it.

旁白：奥康纳对她所认为的行政越权行为感到沮丧，对公民自由受到威胁和基本文明受到侵蚀感到震惊，她投了关键的反对票，表明她与共和党议程的距离越来越远。

At times, she even reversed long-held positions––joining with the liberals to strike down a death penalty law that allowed the execution of the mentally disabled, and to declare criminal sodomy laws unconstitutional.

有时，她甚至扭转了长期以来的立场——与自由派一起废除允许处决智障者的死刑法，并宣布鸡奸刑事法违宪。

Narrator: And in 2003, after decades of mostly voting against policies based on race, she made the majority that saved affirmative action in higher education.

旁白：2003 年，在几十年来大多数人投票反对基于种族的政策之后，她获得了多数票，挽救了高等教育领域的平权行动。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: It was a case being pushed on the Court by the Bush administration, about admissions to the University of Michigan law school.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：这是布什政府向法院提起的一起案件，涉及密歇根大学法学院的招生。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Certainly, the O’Connor who first came on to the court would never have been expected to write that opinion.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：当然，第一次出庭的奥康纳永远不会被指望会写出这样的意见。

SOT [SOC_2440]: A divided Supreme Court handed down its long-awaited rulings on affirmative action.

SOT [SOC_2440]：意见分歧的最高法院就平权行动做出了期待已久的裁决。

In essence, the justices gave the nation's colleges and universities the right to select students at least in part on race.

从本质上讲，法官们赋予国家学院和大学至少部分根据种族选拔学生的权利。

Narrator: "Effective participation by members of all racial and ethnic groups in the civil life of our nation," O'Connor had written, "is essential if the dream of one nation, indivisible, is to be realized."

旁白：“如果要实现一个国家不可分割的梦想，”奥康纳写道，“所有种族和族裔群体的成员有效参与我们国家的公民生活是至关重要的。”

To this, as so often with controversial cases, the Justice had added a limiting caveat:

对此，正如经常有争议的案件一样，法官添加了一个限制性警告：

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Arbitrary?

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：任意吗？

Of course.

当然。

But it was a way of sending a message, saying, you know, we’re doing something we’re not totally comfortable with, but we think we’re doing it for the right reason.

但这是一种传递信息的方式，说，你知道，我们正在做一些我们并不完全满意的事情，但我们认为我们这样做是出于正确的理由。

We expect the right result.

我们期待正确的结果。

It’s not going to be overnight, but we don’t want it to be forever, 25 years.

这不会是一朝一夕的事情，但我们也不希望它永远持续下去，即 25 年。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: She recognizes the incredible racial injustice that defines our country’s history.

Viet Dinh，前法律助理：她认识到定义我们国家历史的令人难以置信的种族不公正。

But she rejects the idea that we are a society permanently divided by race.

但她否认我们是一个因种族而永久分裂的社会。

Viet Dinh, Former Law Clerk: She could have picked fifty years.

Viet Dinh，前法律书记员：她本可以选择五十年。

She could have picked five years.

她本可以选择五年。

That’s her sense of optimism in the continuing, gradual social progress that our society makes, that she believes in.

这就是她对我们社会所取得的持续、渐进的社会进步的乐观态度，也是她所相信的。

Narrator: If O'Connor's open-mindedness read to some as inconsistency, it did nothing to diminish speculation that she might soon sit at the Court's helm.

旁白：如果奥康纳的开放思想被一些人认为是前后矛盾，但这并不能减少人们对她可能很快就掌管最高法院的猜测。

[Rose] I want you to just think about this.

[Rose] 我希望你考虑一下这个问题。

Fifty years ago, you can't get them to interview you.

五十年前，你无法让他们采访你。

And now you would be, if the president decided--if Rehnquist decides to retire first...Wouldn't it be great, this sort of continuum from this brilliant graduate of Stanford Law School who couldn't get a job in a law firm, who all of a sudden--

现在，如果总统决定——如果伦奎斯特决定先退休……这不是很好吗？这位斯坦福大学法学院的杰出毕业生无法在律师事务所找到工作，突然——

[Rose] --is the first woman Chief Justice?

[Rose]——是第一位女首席大法官吗？

[Rose] Having been the first woman justice and the first woman chief justice?

[Rose] 是第一位女法官和第一位女首席法官吗？

[O'Connor] No, there's something the media would think was a neat arrangement, but in fact is not very sensible.

[奥康纳]不，有一些媒体会认为是一个巧妙的安排，但实际上并不是很明智。

I am old.

我老了。

Narrator: From early 2003 on, while O'Connor was poring over briefs and writing memos, John was there in her chambers, his Alzheimer's so advanced that he was no longer able to look after himself.

旁白：从 2003 年初开始，当奥康纳仔细阅读案情摘要和写备忘录时，约翰就在她的房间里，他的阿尔茨海默病已经严重到无法照顾自己。

Stoic as ever, Sandra had taken charge of his care.

桑德拉一如既往地坚忍不拔地负责照顾他。

Scott O'Connor, Eldest Son: Mom wanted to do it all herself.

斯科特·奥康纳，长子：妈妈想自己做这一切。

You know, didn't want the help because she felt it was her duty.

你知道，她不需要帮助，因为她觉得这是她的责任。

You know, Dad had been so supportive of her all those years, it was her duty to love him and take care of him no matter what.

要知道，爸爸这么多年来一直支持她，无论如何，爱他、照顾他是她的责任。

Ruth Mcgregor, Former Law Clerk: She tried to find ways to deal with it.

露丝·麦格雷戈（Ruth Mcgregor），前法律助理：她试图找到解决问题的方法。

You know, taking him to the office with her, finding people to sort of watch over him when they were at political events or public events where she needed to be doing something.

你知道，带他和她一起去办公室，在政治活动或公共活动中她需要做某事时找人照顾他。

And eventually, that just became impossible.

最终，这变得不可能了。

Narrator: In 2005, as President Bush settled in to his second term, O'Connor seized the moment.

旁白：2005年，当布什总统进入第二个任期时，奥康纳抓住了这个时机。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: People were shocked.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：人们感到震惊。

The one that everybody expected was going to retire was Chief Justice Rehnquist, who was desperately sick with a type of thyroid cancer.

每个人都预计即将退休的是首席大法官伦奎斯特，他患有一种甲状腺癌，病情危重。

So the country was really in a state of shock.

所以整个国家确实处于震惊之中。

And also, the reason she gave was that her husband needed her care.

而且，她给出的理由是，她的丈夫需要她的照顾。

Now, male justices have been known to have wives who get very sick, but they don’t leave to take care of their wives.

现在，众所周知，男性法官的妻子病得很重，但他们不会离开去照顾妻子。

This was something new.

这是新事物。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: It did seem that the opportunity for shifting the Court to the right had unexpectedly presented itself.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：看来，法院向右转的机会确实出乎意料地出现了。

I mean, had the person who had announced the retirement first been Chief Justice Rehnquist, it was going to be hard to run to the right of William Rehnquist.

我的意思是，如果第一个宣布退休的人是首席大法官伦奎斯特，那么就很难跑到威廉伦奎斯特的右边了。

But it was going to be easy to run to the right of Sandra O’Connor.

但跑到桑德拉·奥康纳的右边会很容易。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: What happened was Chief Justice Rehnquist then died less than two months later.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：不到两个月后，首席大法官伦奎斯特就去世了。

So the Court was faced with two vacancies, but it was hers that was really the more significant vacancy.

因此，法院面临着两个空缺，但真正更重要的空缺是她的。

Narrator: O'Connor was meant to have been replaced by John Roberts, a conservative in the mode of Justices Thomas and Scalia who satisfied Bush's base without completely antagonizing Senate Democrats.

旁白：奥康纳本应由约翰·罗伯茨取代，他是托马斯大法官和斯卡利亚大法官那样的保守派，既满足了布什的选民基础，又没有完全激怒参议院民主党人。

Instead, Roberts was given Rehnquist's seat, and O'Connor obligingly agreed to stay on–-delaying her plans an additional four months, until an acceptable nominee could be found.

相反，罗伯茨获得了伦奎斯特的席位，而奥康纳则欣然同意留下来——将她的计划又推迟了四个月，直到找到可接受的提名人。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Justice O'Connor, in her role on the Court, stood astride a widening gulf that was polarizing America and threatening to polarize the Court.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：奥康纳大法官在最高法院的角色中，跨越了一个日益扩大的鸿沟，这个鸿沟正在使美国两极分化，并威胁到法院的两极分化。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: And indeed, when she left and was replaced by Samuel Alito, who’s a conservative gut fighter, the Court did change.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：事实上，当她离开并由塞缪尔·阿利托（Samuel Alito）（一位保守派的直觉斗士）取代时，法院确实发生了变化。

Narrator: With O'Connor gone, the Court's new conservative majority swiftly rewrote the rules of American life––sidestepping precedent as they relaxed restrictions on campaign finance, upheld a ban on certain late-term abortions, and further curtailed the use of racial preferences to promote diversity in education.

旁白：奥康纳下台后，最高法院的新保守派多数派迅速改写了美国生活的规则——放宽了对竞选资金的限制，维持对某些晚期堕胎的禁令，并进一步限制利用种族偏好来促进教育多样性，从而回避了先例。

Linda Greenhouse, Legal Journalist: Justice O'Connor exercised her power inside the Court pretty wisely.

琳达·格林豪斯（Linda Greenhouse），法律记者：奥康纳法官非常明智地在法院内行使了她的权力。

But she wasn’t in a position to build structures that would protect the kind of centrist and minimalist approach that she took to so many cases.

但她无法建立起保护她在许多案件中采取的中间派和极简主义方法的结构。

She noted this quite ruefully herself within a few years after she left the Court, that things were being, as she put it, dismantled.

在她离开法院几年后，她自己非常悲伤地注意到这一点，正如她所说，事情正在被瓦解。

Jason Johnson, Political Scientist: The way that you solve that is by making sure that your, your rulings and your writings are air tight.

政治科学家杰森·约翰逊：解决这个问题的方法是确保你的裁决和你的著作是无懈可击的。

You don’t leave ambiguity.

你不会留下歧义。

And a lot of her rulings were open to somebody else having a brand new idea and twisting them one way or another.

她的许多裁决都对其他拥有全新想法并以某种方式扭曲它们的人开放。

Melissa Murray, Legal Scholar: If you’re making these sort of incremental, piecemeal moves, all you need is someone who’s willing to take a big leap to just sweep you off the board.

梅丽莎·默里（Melissa Murray），法律学者：如果你正在采取这种渐进的、零碎的举措，那么你所需要的只是一个愿意迈出一大步将你扫地出门的人。

And that’s what happens.

这就是发生的事情。

Narrator: A mere five years after O'Connor's departure, her critics already were mourning the centrist court she had defined––and what one called her "knack for expressing the views of the moderate majority[.]"

旁白：奥康纳离开仅仅五年后，她的批评者就已经在哀悼她所定义的中间派宫廷——以及人们所说的她“表达温和多数观点的技巧[。]”

"...America would be a different place today if [Justice O'Connor] were still on the...Court," the elegy ran.

挽歌写道：“如果奥康纳大法官仍在法庭上，今天的美国将会是一个不同的地方。”

"For her impressive but now embattled legacy, I miss her."

“对于她令人印象深刻但现在陷入困境的遗产，我想念她。”

Linda Hirshman, Writer: It’s a little easier to see the value in incremental change when you think the arc of history is bending toward justice.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：当你认为历史的弧线正在向正义倾斜时，你会更容易看到渐进式变革的价值。

Sandra Day O’Connor thought the arc of history was bending toward justice.

桑德拉·戴·奥康纳认为历史的弧线正在走向正义。

It had in her own lifetime.

这在她自己的一生中也曾发生过。

If you look at her life, going from being unable to get a job as a lawyer to being on the Supreme Court of the United States, that’s a pretty great arc.

如果你看看她的生活，从无法找到律师工作到进入美国最高法院，那是一个相当伟大的弧线。

She did not see that the arc had taken a detour.

她没有看到弧线已经绕道了。

Narrator: O'Connor often said that once she made a decision, she did not look back; but stepping down from the Court haunted her.

旁白：奥康纳常说，一旦做出决定，她就不会回头；但从法庭上退下来却困扰着她。

It didn't help that she'd done so to care for John, who by 2007 no longer even recognized her.

她这样做是为了照顾约翰，但到了 2007 年，约翰甚至不再认出她了。

Effectively alone after more than a half-century of partnership, O'Connor was left to contemplate her future.

在经历了半个多世纪的合作之后，奥康纳实际上孤身一人，只能思考自己的未来。

"I've got five years where I'll still be relevant," she told friends.

“我还有五年的时间，我仍然会发挥作用，”她告诉朋友们。

With the fractious politics of the recent past uppermost in her mind, she decided to spend those years promoting civics education––

脑子里浮现出最近那些烦躁的政治，她决定用这些年时间来推动公民教育——

Narrator: ––a subject that by 2009 had ceased to be a requirement in more than half of the states.

旁白：——到 2009 年，超过一半的州已不再要求该科目。

[Stewart] Only a third can name the three branches?

[斯图尔特] 只有三分之一能说出这三个分支的名字？

I thought you were going to say only a third could name the Supreme Court Justices, but literally can't name the three branches of government?

我以为你会说只有三分之一的人可以说出最高法院法官的名字，但实际上却不能说出政府的三个部门的名字？

Can they name, let's say, an American Idol judge?

他们能说出美国偶像评委的名字吗？

[O'Connor] Yes, 75 percent of them can name at least one American Idol judge.

[奥康纳] 是的，75% 的人可以说出至少一名《美国偶像》评委的名字。

[O'Connor] Well, I hope I've learned a few things.

[奥康纳] 嗯，我希望我学到了一些东西。

Narrator: For years, O'Connor had carried around a copy of the Constitution.

旁白：多年来，奥康纳随身携带着一本宪法。

She pulled it out during interviews so often, it began to seem like a prop.

她在采访中经常把它拿出来，它开始看起来像是一个道具。

Narrator: But she had genuine faith in those thirty-two pages––in the government that rose from them and its ability to withstand the challenges that would come, inevitably, with the passage of time.

旁白：但她对那三十二页纸怀有真正的信心——相信从中产生的政府及其承受随着时间的推移而不可避免地到来的挑战的能力。

The key was to keep the conversation going––and as she liked to say, to learn "to disagree agreeably."

关键是让谈话继续下去——正如她喜欢说的，学会“愉快地表达不同意见”。

Evan Thomas, Author, First: Justice O'Connor believed all those good things about the balance of power and the Bill of Rights and the separation of powers.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作者，第一：奥康纳大法官相信有关权力平衡、权利法案和权力分立的所有美好事物。

The Constitution was a living document to her.

宪法对她来说是一份活的文件。

But on a much more profound level, she believed in the unwritten laws of democracy, that you have to be respectful of the other side and you have to work out problems with people you don’t necessarily agree with.

但在更深刻的层面上，她相信不成文的民主法则，即你必须尊重对方，你必须与你不一定同意的人解决问题。

She lived that, she preached it, she embodied it.

她践行了这一点，她宣扬了这一点，她体现了这一点。

[O'Connor] The tombstone question.

[奥康纳]墓碑问题。

What do I want on the tombstone?

我想在墓碑上刻什么？

I hope it might say here lies a good judge, that I would be remembered for having given fair and full consideration to the issues that were raised and to resolving things on an even-handed basis and with due respect and regard for the Constitution of this country.

我希望这里有一位好法官，人们会记住我对所提出的问题进行了公正和充分的考虑，并在公平的基础上解决了问题，并对这个国家的宪法给予了应有的尊重和尊重。

Linda Hirshman, Writer: She knew she could do it, and that it was unjust for her not to get a chance to use her capacities, and that it wasn’t just about her.

琳达·赫什曼（Linda Hirshman），作家：她知道自己能做到，而且她没有机会发挥自己的能力是不公平的，而且这不仅仅是她的问题。

She was faithful to that, and it made a big difference.

她对此很忠诚，这带来了很大的改变。

As she said, she was the first, but she was not the last.

正如她所说，她是第一个，但她不是最后一个。

A legal journalist considers the intersection of abortion rights and the justice’s Supreme Court career.

一位法律记者思考堕胎权与法官最高法院职业生涯的交叉点。

A friend and former law clerk of Sandra Day O’Connor reflects on her pioneering career.

桑德拉·戴·奥康纳的一位朋友、前律师助理回顾了她的开创性职业生涯。

Sandra Day O’Connor was the first woman to serve as a Supreme Court justice.

桑德拉·戴·奥康纳是第一位担任最高法院法官的女性。

Journalist Kimberly Robinson and author Evan Thomas speak with Historian Monica Muñoz Martinez about the power of the Supreme Court in shaping the nation’s laws.

记者金伯利·罗宾逊和作家埃文·托马斯与历史学家莫妮卡·穆尼奥斯·马丁内斯谈论最高法院在制定国家法律方面的权力。

For nearly a quarter century, the first female justice determined the outcome of the court’s most significant decisions.

近四分之一个世纪以来，第一位女法官决定了法院最重要判决的结果。

How the Arizona lawyer became one of the most powerful women in America.

这位亚利桑那州律师如何成为美国最有权势的女性之一。

Despite their differences, the first and second female Supreme Court justices found common ground on women’s equality.

尽管存在分歧，第一任和第二任最高法院女法官在妇女平等问题上找到了共同点。

Watch a preview of Sandra Day O'Connor: The First.

观看桑德拉·戴·奥康纳：第一人的预览。

Discover the story of the Supreme Court’s first female justice, Sandra Day O'Connor.

了解最高法院第一位女法官桑德拉·戴·奥康纳的故事。