Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: We played on vacation and it never ended well.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：我们在假期里玩，但结局从来都不好。
I mean, it would always end in a fight.
我的意思是，它总是会以战斗结束。
It was either somebody was cheating.
要么是有人作弊。
These weren't the rules, right?
这些不是规则，对吧？
There were always house rules that we were applying.
我们总是遵守一些内部规则。
So it was a very intense series of games growing up.
所以这是一系列非常紧张的成长游戏。
Mary Pilon, Writer: We always played Monopoly at Christmas Eve.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：我们总是在平安夜玩大富翁。
That was our family tradition.
这是我们的家庭传统。
Still is.
仍然是。
As a kid, it wasn’t just exciting to win at a game but also seeing my brother get destroyed as the little sister was a very exciting feeling if I had to be honest about it.
当我还是个孩子的时候，不仅在比赛中获胜令人兴奋，而且说实话，看到我的弟弟作为妹妹被摧毁也是一种非常令人兴奋的感觉。
Ashlyn Sparrow, Game Designer: It’s America’s game, right?
Ashlyn Sparrow，游戏设计师：这是美国的游戏，对吧？
It’s all of our game.
这是我们的全部游戏。
It’s the game of our childhood.
这是我们童年的游戏。
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: But, there’s a dark side too, it’s not all, you know, rainbows and unicorns.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：但是，也有黑暗的一面，你知道，这并不是全部，彩虹和独角兽。
It’s a cutthroat game, I only win when you lose.
这是一场残酷的游戏，只有你输了我才赢。
Bryant Simon, Historian: In America, we’ve created a myth that capitalists like competition, but no capitalist wants competition.
历史学家布莱恩特·西蒙：在美国，我们创造了一个神话：资本家喜欢竞争，但没有一个资本家想要竞争。
What all companies want is a monopoly.
所有公司都想要的是垄断。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: This story about Monopoly is filled with ironies.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：这个关于大富翁的故事充满了讽刺。
I mean this is one of the things that makes it so compelling.
我的意思是，这是让它如此引人注目的原因之一。
It’s not just the twists and turns, but the fact that it is a game about capitalism that was created to teach people about something completely different.
这不仅仅是曲折，而且事实上，这是一款关于资本主义的游戏，旨在教导人们一些完全不同的东西。
Kate Raworth, Economist: The dynamics written into the rules of this game were never intended to be the rules.
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth）：写入游戏规则的动态从来都不是为了成为规则。
It should come with a health warning like a packet of cigarettes.
它应该像香烟一样附有健康警告。
You are playing a twisted version of this game.
你正在玩这个游戏的扭曲版本。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: It was supposed to be a critique of capitalism and it turned out to be a celebration of it.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：这本应是对资本主义的批评，但结果却是对资本主义的庆祝。
Kate Raworth, Economist: And so this is a story that teaches us: compete, acquire, be ruthless and you will go on to conquer the world.
凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth），经济学家：所以这个故事告诉我们：竞争、获取、无情，你将继续征服世界。
It’s Monopoly through and through.
这是彻头彻尾的大富翁。
Verite of kids opening a box and playing Monopoly Soren: Read the instructions–somebody pass me…pass me the instructions.
孩子们打开盒子玩大富翁索伦的真实情况：阅读说明——有人递给我……把说明递给我。
Lula: Uh, what piece do you guys want to be?
卢拉：呃，你们想成为哪一个角色？
Deacon: Okay…
执事：好吧……
Soren: I’ll be…car.
索伦：我会……汽车。
Ruby: I want to be the hat.
鲁比：我想成为那顶帽子。
Soren: So Ruby, you’re the banker.
索伦：鲁比，你是银行家。
Milo: I want to be the banker.
米洛：我想成为银行家。
Soren: Okay so…
索伦：好吧，那么……
Lula: How much money do we get out?
卢拉：我们能取出多少钱？
Soren: I think like 500.
索伦：我想大概是 500。
Milo: Two of each, 500’s, everybody gets two 500’s.
Milo：每人两张，500 美元，每个人都得到两张 500 美元。
Milo: And six 20’s.
Milo：还有六个 20 美元。
Lula: This is a lot of money.
卢拉：这是很多钱。
Ruby: I know.
鲁比：我知道。
My goal in life is to win and beat you all.
我的人生目标是赢得并击败你们所有人。
Lula: Wow.
卢拉：哇。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Once upon a time in the Great, Great Depression there's this man named Charles Darrow.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：从前，在大萧条时期，有一个名叫查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）的人。
He's unemployed as are millions of Americans.
他和数百万美国人一样失业。
He has this big light bulb moment, this big Eureka moment, and out comes Monopoly.
他有一个灵光一现的时刻，一个尤里卡时刻，然后大富翁就出来了。
He’s told no one will buy this game.
他被告知没有人会购买这款游戏。
It’s a game about property and money at a time when Americans are so desperately lacking exactly those things.
这是一场关于财产和金钱的游戏，而美国人却极度缺乏这些东西。
But undeterred, he ultimately ends up at Parker Brothers.
但他并没有被吓倒，最终加入了帕克兄弟。
They decide to sell the game, it becomes a massive best-seller, and it saves him and Parker Brothers from the brink of destruction.
他们决定出售这款游戏，它成为畅销书，将他和帕克兄弟从毁灭的边缘拯救了出来。
Everybody lives happily ever after (LAUGHS)
从此大家过上了幸福的生活（笑）
Mary Pilon, Writer: There's just one problem with that story .
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：这个故事只有一个问题。
.
。
.
。
and it's that it’s not true.
但事实并非如此。
Mary Pilon, Writer: In the early 1970s, Ralph Anspach is an economics professor at San Francisco State University.
玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)，作家：20 世纪 70 年代初，拉尔夫·安斯帕奇 (Ralph Anspach) 是旧金山州立大学的经济学教授。
Ralph is an impassioned anti-monopolist.
拉尔夫是一位热情的反垄断主义者。
He thinks that monopolies are at the root of all that is wrong in this country and create power imbalances.
他认为垄断是这个国家所有问题的根源，并造成权力失衡。
His ideas aren’t getting across and he’s frustrated, because at this point the OPEC oil cartels are dominating headlines.
他的想法没有被广泛接受，他感到很沮丧，因为此时欧佩克石油卡特尔占据了头条新闻。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: OPEC, the heir of oil monopoly, controls the oil supply.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：OPEC，石油垄断的继承者，控制着石油供应。
They’ve just hiked up prices, there are queues at the petrol pumps, the economy is in tatters.
他们刚刚提高了价格，加油站前排起了长队，经济陷入困境。
It’s a crisis, an absolute crisis in 1973.
这是一场危机，1973 年的一场绝对危机。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Ralph believed that monopolies were one of the major forces holding back the optimal version of American capitalism.
帕特里克·贾戈达（Patrick Jagoda），游戏学者：拉尔夫认为垄断是阻碍美国资本主义最佳版本的主要力量之一。
And so what better way to teach people about those complex systems than having them play and experience a board game.
因此，还有什么比让人们玩和体验棋盘游戏更好的方式来向人们传授这些复杂的系统呢？
Steve (Off Camera): Ralph tell me about the board game that you invented, and how did it come about?
史蒂夫（镜头外）：拉尔夫告诉我你发明的棋盘游戏，它是如何产生的？
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: It was a very hot day, chaos on the roads, took me about four hours rather than one hour to get home, and when I finally sat down at the dinner table I was X-rated cussing out the oil monopolists.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇（Ralph Anspach），纽约市，2005 年：那天非常热，路上一片混乱，我花了大约四个小时而不是一小时才到家，当我最终坐在餐桌旁时，我被限制级地咒骂着石油垄断者。
And suddenly my eight year old son says dad you are a really poor loser.
突然我八岁的儿子说爸爸你真是个可怜的失败者。
I said why William, why am I a poor loser.
我说为什么威廉，为什么我是一个可怜的失败者。
He said yesterday we played Monopoly, I won the game, now you’re such a poor loser you’re attacking my victory.
他说昨天我们玩大富翁，我赢了比赛，现在你是一个可怜的失败者，你正在攻击我的胜利。
I tried to explain to them ‘you shouldn’t take it personal’ and I started looking for a game that would show the Anti-Monopoly side.
我试图向他们解释“你不应该把这当成是针对个人的”，然后我开始寻找一款能够展现反垄断一面的游戏。
Unfortunately there was no such game.
不幸的是没有这样的游戏。
I began to think about that and that’s what happened, I invented Anti-Monopoly.
我开始思考这一点，结果就是这样，我发明了反垄断。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Anti-Monopoly becomes a hit in the Bay Area.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：《反垄断》在湾区大受欢迎。
It's sold at local stores.
它在当地商店有售。
Patty Hearst reportedly plays a version of the game.
据报道，帕蒂·赫斯特玩过该游戏的一个版本。
And it becomes kind of this counter-cultural icon.
它成为了一种反文化的标志。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: The point of Anti-Monopoly was to retain all the fun of Monopoly, but at the same time, make it very clear that the monopolists are the bad guys when they play.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：《反垄断》的目的是保留《大富翁》的所有乐趣，但同时也明确表明，垄断者在玩游戏时就是坏人。
Anti-Monopoly has a message.
反垄断有消息。
Monopolies are not a nice thing in capitalism, it's the dark underside of capitalism.
垄断在资本主义中并不是一件好事，而是资本主义的阴暗面。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Anti-Monopoly is there to basically turn the tables on the Parker Brothers game.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：《反垄断》基本上是为了扭转帕克兄弟游戏的局面。
Instead of trying to build a Monopoly, you try to break them up.
你不是试图建立垄断，而是试图打破它们。
There’ll be steel Monopolies to smash, oil monopolies to smash.
将会有钢铁垄断需要打破，石油垄断需要打破。
So, you know it was about busting these giant corporations.
所以，你知道这是为了摧毁这些大公司。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Anti-Monopoly takes off, it starts selling, all over the country.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：《反垄断》起飞，开始在全国各地销售。
And it looks like it’s going to be a huge hit.
看起来它将大受欢迎。
And then one day, Ralph receives a letter.
然后有一天，拉尔夫收到一封信。
It was from attorneys who represent General Mills, which at that point owned Parker Brothers and they say you can not sell Anti-Monopoly.
这是来自代表通用磨坊公司的律师的，通用磨坊公司当时拥有帕克兄弟公司，他们说你不能出售反垄断。
You are infringing upon our right to sell our game.
您侵犯了我们销售游戏的权利。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: The letter said, 'Take the game off the market immediately, destroy all games you have, and also, we want you to put an ad in newspapers saying that you’re sorry that you attacked us,’ and so on and so forth, and that’s how it began.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇，纽约市，2005 年：信中写道，“立即将该游戏从市场上撤下，销毁你们拥有的所有游戏，此外，我们希望你们在报纸上登一则广告，表示你们对攻击我们感到抱歉”，等等，事情就是这样开始的。
It was enough to frighten anybody out of their wits, but I get mad about things like that when some big company attacks a little guy, for what I consider to be no-valid reason.
这足以把任何人吓得魂飞魄散，但当一些大公司出于我认为没有正当理由的原因而攻击一个小人物时，我会对这样的事情感到愤怒。
So, I got ready to fight.
于是，我做好了战斗的准备。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph’s a very cause-driven guy, and I think some of that’s from his childhood.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫是一个非常有事业心的人，我认为其中一些来自他的童年。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Ralph was born in the city of Danzig.
特里斯坦·多诺万，编剧：拉尔夫出生于但泽市。
He was Jewish.
他是犹太人。
Somewhere around the age of 12, his family moved to New York to escape the coming Nazi threat.
12 岁左右，他的家人搬到了纽约，以躲避即将到来的纳粹威胁。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He’s a scrappy kid in New York City, he doesn’t know the language.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他是纽约市一个好斗的孩子，他不懂当地语言。
And then works his way through school, eventually to getting his doctorate.
然后他努力完成学业，最终获得博士学位。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: I think this gave him a kind of attitude of I need to stand up to bullies.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：我认为这给了他一种我需要勇敢地面对欺凌者的态度。
You know, if someone was trying to push him into a corner, he’s gonna hit back.
你知道，如果有人试图把他逼到墙角，他就会反击。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: We’ve sold a half million Anti-Monopolies and not a single consumer has complained to us or to Parker Brothers.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇，纽约市，2005 年：我们已经售出 50 万本反垄断产品，没有任何消费者向我们或帕克兄弟投诉。
Interviewer: Complained about confusion you mean?
采访者：你的意思是抱怨混乱？
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: That’s right, not a single person claimed that they had bought the Anti-Monopoly and they thought it was a General Mills game or something like that.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：是的，没有一个人声称他们购买了《反垄断》，他们认为这是通用磨坊游戏或类似的东西。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Now, he lawyers up and he serves a counter punch.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：现在，他请律师并进行反击。
He actually sues Parker Brothers first.
他实际上首先起诉了帕克兄弟。
So that way he can claim jurisdiction in California.
这样他就可以在加利福尼亚州主张管辖权。
Part of Ralph's strategy is to prove that the Monopoly trademark is dubious.
拉尔夫策略的一部分是证明“大富翁”商标是可疑的。
So Ralph is on a mission to piece together Monopoly’s early history, trying to find out what happened with the game before Parker Brothers started to sell it.
因此，拉尔夫的使命是拼凑《大富翁》的早期历史，试图找出帕克兄弟开始销售该游戏之前发生的情况。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: And then one day, Ralph is working at home and his son, Mark, comes running into his office and says, ‘Dad!
汤姆·福赛思 (Tom Forsyth)，游戏历史学家：有一天，拉尔夫正在家里工作，他的儿子马克跑进他的办公室说：‘爸爸！
Dad!
爸爸！
There’s this book I’ve been reading and it says that Monopoly was invented by a woman.
我一直在读这本书，它说大富翁是由一位女性发明的。
This woman Lizzie Magie.’ Ralph is like, ‘Wait, who’s Lizzie Magie?’
这个女人叫莉齐·玛吉。”拉尔夫说，“等等，谁是莉兹·玛吉？”
Mary Pilon, Writer: Elizabeth Magie was born in 1866 in Macomb, Illinois.
玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)，作家：伊丽莎白·马吉 (Elizabeth Magie) 1866 年出生于伊利诺伊州马科姆。
Her family was very political, her father was a very influential newspaper owner, he was one of the early founders of the Republican Party.
她的家庭非常政治化，她的父亲是一位非常有影响力的报纸老板，他是共和党的早期创始人之一。
He had traveled with Abraham Lincoln during the Stephen Douglas debates.
在斯蒂芬·道格拉斯辩论期间，他曾与亚伯拉罕·林肯一起旅行。
She was exposed to a lot of big ideas.
她接触到了很多伟大的想法。
And at a time when women were not afforded many opportunities to be in the public space, she took every single one that she could.
在那个女性没有太多进入公共场所的机会的时代，她抓住了每一个她能得到的机会。
She was an actress, she was politically very active.
她是一名演员，在政治上非常活跃。
Ashlyn Sparrow, Game Designer: She’s a writer, and she produced plays, and she also invented a way for typewriters to move paper more efficiently.
Ashlyn Sparrow，游戏设计师：她是一名作家，创作过戏剧，还发明了一种让打字机更有效地移动纸张的方法。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: I think of Lizzie Magie as a performance artist in some ways.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：我认为 Lizzie Magie 在某些方面是一位表演艺术家。
I’m serious, I mean how do you classify her, right?
我是认真的，我的意思是你如何分类她，对吧？
She’s an engineer, she’s a poet, she’s a writer, she’s an activist, she’s a staunch feminist.
她是一名工程师，她是一名诗人，她是一名作家，她是一名活动家，她是一名坚定的女权主义者。
Ashlyn Sparrow, Game Designer: She is doing all of these things that a lot of women in that time were not allowed to do, or able to do.
Ashlyn Sparrow，游戏设计师：她正在做所有当时许多女性不被允许做或无法做的事情。
She was really pushing boundaries.
她确实在突破界限。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: In 1906 she's living in Chicago and she puts out a newspaper ad describing herself as a young woman American slave.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：1906 年，她住在芝加哥，她在报纸上刊登了一则广告，将自己描述为一名年轻的美国女奴隶。
The idea is that she's selling herself to the highest bidder and to her dismay people actually put forward offers.
她的想法是，她将自己卖给出价最高的人，但令她沮丧的是，人们实际上提出了报价。
But the idea of this is completely performance art.
但这完全是行为艺术的想法。
And so, she tried to show how poorly women are paid relative to men and how difficult it is in particular, to be an unmarried woman in America.
因此，她试图展示女性相对于男性的薪酬是多么低下，尤其是在美国作为一名未婚女性是多么困难。
Kate Raworth, Economist: She was a social rebel on many fronts and she used shocking performance and play to throw counter-intuitive ideas into society.
凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth），经济学家：她在许多方面都是社会反叛者，她利用令人震惊的表演和戏剧向社会抛出反直觉的想法。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: During the Gilded Age, in the 1890s or early 1900s when capitalism was highly unregulated, if you had a dominant position in the marketplace you could dictate price and availability.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：在镀金时代，即 1890 年代或 1900 年代初，资本主义高度不受监管，如果你在市场上占据主导地位，你就可以决定价格和可用性。
Kate Raworth, Economist: These big industrialist, millionaires dominated industries in the US, and they became monopolists in their field.
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯：这些大工业家、百万富翁主导了美国的工业，他们成为了各自领域的垄断者。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: And so, people who had it made, the wealthy, employed lots of servants, had lavish homes, and everybody else struggled to get by.
菲尔·奥尔班斯（Phil Orbanes），帕克兄弟公司前高管：因此，那些成功的人，有钱人，雇佣了很多仆人，拥有豪华的住宅，而其他人都在挣扎着过日子。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Lizzie Magie, even in the early 20th century before the Great Depression, is seeing poverty and inequality everywhere.
游戏学者帕特里克·贾戈达 (Patrick Jagoda)：即使在大萧条之前的 20 世纪初，Lizzie Magie 就已经看到贫困和不平等无处不在。
And so much of that poverty is organized around land monopoly: the idea of people being able to own land and extract immense amounts of profits from the working class.
大部分贫困都是围绕土地垄断造成的：人们能够拥有土地并从工人阶级那里获取巨额利润。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Lizzie Magie sees this income inequality, the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer, and she becomes an impassioned follower of Henry George.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：莉齐·玛吉（Lizzie Magie）看到了这种收入不平等，富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷，她成为亨利·乔治的热情追随者。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Henry George was a hugely influential public speaker and thinker of his time.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：亨利·乔治是他那个时代一位极具影响力的公共演说家和思想家。
He published a book called Progress and Poverty that was a massive, massive bestseller.
他出版了一本名为《进步与贫困》的书，这是一本非常非常畅销的书。
Christopher England, Historian: There's an estimate that as many as five million of his books are sold during his lifetime.
克里斯托弗·英格兰 (Christopher England)，历史学家：据估计，他一生中售出了多达 500 万本书。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He was really interested in land, landlords, property, ownership and how should that be taxed.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他对土地、房东、财产、所有权以及如何对其征税非常感兴趣。
Christopher England, Historian: George, like many people before and after him say, ‘Land's not something anyone's ever made.
历史学家克里斯托弗·英格兰：乔治，就像他之前和之后的许多人所说的那样，“土地不是任何人创造出来的。”
It's a gift of God.
这是上帝的礼物。
And it belongs to all of us.’
它属于我们所有人。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: We think of the American dream as owning a home.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：我们认为美国梦就是拥有一个家。
Well it was back in the 1890s, but it was out of the reach of most people-they had to rent.
那是在 1890 年代，但大多数人都买不起——他们不得不租房。
And the landlord, according to Henry George, was the devil.
根据亨利·乔治的说法，房东是魔鬼。
Christopher England, Historian: He sees rent and growing property values as a source of inequality.
历史学家克里斯托弗·英格兰（Christopher England）：他认为租金和不断增长的财产价值是不平等的根源。
His solution is what his supporters eventually call “The Single Tax”.
他的解决方案被他的支持者最终称为“单一税”。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: The single tax
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：单一税
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: The single tax.
Patrick Jagoda，博彩学者：单一税。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: This is the Georgist idea that you would tax land at such a high level that it would essentially be communal and nothing else would have to be taxed.
帕特里克·贾戈达（Patrick Jagoda），游戏学者：这是乔治主义者的想法，即对土地征税如此之高，以至于它本质上是公共的，而无需对其他任何东西征税。
For George this wasn’t like an anti-capitalist statement, this was more about fairness.
对于乔治来说，这不像是反资本主义的声明，这更多的是关于公平。
This was more about leveling the playing field.
这更多的是为了创造公平的竞争环境。
Kate Raworth, Economist: Lizzie Magie wanted to make Henry George’s point clear.
凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth），经济学家：莉齐·马吉（Lizzie Magie）想要阐明亨利·乔治的观点。
Not everybody’s going to read a political tract.
不是每个人都会阅读政治小册子。
She had a genius idea, she wanted to make it visible through the dynamics of a game.
她有一个天才的想法，她想通过游戏的动态让它变得可见。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: In 1904, Lizzie Magie receives the patents, the first patent by a woman for a board game in US history for The Landlord’s Game.
游戏学者帕特里克·贾戈达 (Patrick Jagoda)：1904 年，Lizzie Magie 获得了《斗地主游戏》的专利，这是美国历史上第一个由女性获得的棋盘游戏专利。
Kate Raworth, Economist: The Landlord’s Game is making a piercing political point and with humor.
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth）：《房东的游戏》以幽默的方式提出了尖锐的政治观点。
So she’s got “Lord Blueblood’s Estate”.
所以她得到了“蓝血勋爵的庄园”。
No Trespassing - Go To Jail.
禁止侵入 - 进监狱。
We’ve got a Poor House, Beggerman’s Court, Gee Whiz Railroad, Slam Bang Trolley.
我们有贫民窟、乞丐法庭、奇才铁路、Slam Bang Trolley。
Labor upon Mother Earth Produces Wages.
地球母亲的劳动产生工资。
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: One of the interesting things about the Landlord’s game is that it has two sets of rules.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：斗地主游戏的有趣之处之一是它有两套规则。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: One was to show how evil monopolies were.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：其一是为了展示垄断是多么邪恶。
And in this version players would compete to be the last person standing.
在这个版本中，玩家将竞争成为最后一个站立的人。
Just like present day Monopoly.
就像现在的大富翁一样。
Kate Raworth, Economist: But she introduced, along with it, a second set of rules.
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯：但她同时引入了第二套规则。
Instead of paying rent to the landlord who’s property you’ve just landed on, the rent actually goes into the public treasury.
租金实际上不是向您刚刚登陆的房产的房东支付租金，而是进入公共金库。
Reinvested in the community to create more public goods, public utilities, public education.
对社区进行再投资，创造更多的公共产品、公共事业、公共教育。
And of course, this changes everything.
当然，这改变了一切。
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: It, perhaps, deemphasized our traditional pleasures: dominating other players, coming out ahead, being the winner in favor of critical points about how economy and the social fabric is structured and might be structured differently.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：它也许淡化了我们的传统乐趣：统治其他玩家、脱颖而出、成为胜利者，转而支持有关经济和社会结构如何构建以及可能以不同方式构建的关键点。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: I get why Elizabeth Magie would have wanted to make the Landlord’s game to teach people about the Single Tax.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：我明白为什么 Elizabeth Magie 想要制作《房东的游戏》来教人们了解单一税。
Because games are such a powerful way of internalizing a new set of rules, of practicing it, of experiencing it in a hands-on fashion.
因为游戏是一种将一套新规则内化、实践、亲身体验的强大方式。
Children Playing Monopoly At A Round Table.
孩子们在圆桌上玩垄断游戏。
Deacon: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, what’s that?
执事：一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八，那是什么？
Ruby: St. Charles Place.
鲁比：圣查尔斯广场。
Milo: I own it.
米洛：我拥有它。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: When we play a game, we sit down for a couple of hours and we enter into a different kind of narrative, a different set of roles, a different series of rules.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：当我们玩游戏时，我们会坐下几个小时，然后进入一种不同的叙事、一组不同的角色、一系列不同的规则。
Lindsay Grace, Gaming Scholar: The whole idea in playing a game is that you get to experiment with things you may not get to experiment without cost.
Lindsay Grace，游戏学者：玩游戏的整个想法是，你可以尝试一些你可能无法在没有成本的情况下尝试的东西。
Deacon: You’ve been elected chairman of the board.
Deacon：您被选为董事会主席。
Pay each player fifty dollars?!
给每个玩家五十块钱？！
(Everyone Cheers) Oh lord, ok.
（大家欢呼）哦主啊，好的。
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: That’s what play is, play is playing with these structures.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：这就是游戏，游戏就是玩这些结构。
It’s not just what happens on the board with the pieces, it’s in the player’s heads and in the social space that kind of ties them all together as they play.
这不仅仅是棋盘上发生的事情，还在于玩家的头脑和社交空间中，在玩游戏时将它们联系在一起。
Lula: You need another hundred.
卢拉：你还需要一百。
Milo: No, I already gave you the other hundred.
米洛：不，我已经给你另外一百了。
You stole my hundred- Lula: I had two hundreds and then I gave him one and then I was like--realized I owed three so I gave him a five hundred, and he gave me one hundred back and that’s four hundred.
你偷了我的一百块——卢拉：我有两百块，然后我给了他一块，然后我意识到我欠了三块，所以我给了他五百块，他还给了我一百块，那就是四百块。
Milo: I passed GO…
Milo：我通过了GO……
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: That relationship to me is incredibly powerful that we enter into the system of rules, but then what results is this experience that’s sort of wildly creative and social and chaotic and that’s the emotional experience at play.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：这种关系对我来说是非常强大的，我们进入了规则体系，但结果就是这种充满创意、社交和混乱的体验，这就是情感体验。
Milo: Noo!
米洛：不！
Ruby: Oh my god, chill.
鲁比：天啊，冷静点。
Milo: So dang close!
Milo：太近了！
Eric Zimmerman, Game Designer: And I think that Lizzie Magie, like many game designers, recognized the sense of power board games can have on its audience.
Eric Zimmerman，游戏设计师：我认为 Lizzie Magie 和许多游戏设计师一样，认识到了强大的棋盘游戏可以给观众带来的感觉。
Mary Pilon, Writer: The Monopoly Board is an iconic image and it’s design is universal and when you look at Lizzie Magie’s Landlord's game, you see the origins of Monopoly in it.
Mary Pilon，作家：大富翁棋盘是一个标志性的形象，它的设计是通用的，当你看 Lizzie Magie 的房东的游戏时，你会在其中看到大富翁的起源。
And one of the first things that Ralph Anspach finds when he starts to research who Lizzie Magie was is her 1904 patent.
当 Ralph Anspach 开始研究 Lizzie Magie 时，他首先发现的事情之一就是她 1904 年的专利。
This discovery completely changes Ralph’s case, and he can start to work from that 1904 date and see where did this game go?
这一发现彻底改变了拉尔夫的情况，他可以从 1904 年开始工作，看看这款游戏去了哪里？
And that kind of starts the detective story that ends up taking over a lot of Ralph’s life.
侦探故事就这样开始，最终占据了拉尔夫的大部分生活。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: The whole thing became a little suspicious, but I got even angrier thinking here’s these guys who seem to have stolen this game and they’re attacking me, when I invented my game, and my game was, you know, was different from their game, and yet they're coming after me.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：整个事情变得有点可疑，但我更生气的是，这些人似乎偷了这个游戏，他们在攻击我，当我发明我的游戏时，我的游戏，你知道，与他们的游戏不同，但他们却在追赶我。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph is undeterred, he knows that Lizzie Magie had a patent for her Landlord's Game in 1904 and had one renewed in 1924.
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：拉尔夫并没有被吓倒，他知道莉齐·玛吉 (Lizzie Magie) 于 1904 年获得了她的斗地主游戏专利，并于 1924 年更新了专利。
So how Charles Darrow was able to go in at 1935 and get a patent for Monopoly with his name on it is mysterious.
因此，查尔斯·达罗 (Charles Darrow) 是如何在 1935 年进入并获得印有他名字的《大富翁》专利的，至今仍是个谜。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph and his lawyers put out ads trying to find people who can testify in his case that they played Monopoly prior to 1935.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫和他的律师发布广告，试图寻找能够在他的案件中作证的人，证明他们在 1935 年之前玩过大富翁游戏。
He’s hoping to discover how Lizzie Magie’s Landlord’s Game transformed into the game that we know today.
他希望了解《莉齐·玛吉的斗地主游戏》是如何转变为我们今天所熟知的游戏的。
And this has him traveling all over the country and talking to all sorts of people.
这让他走遍全国，与各种各样的人交谈。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He goes into people's homes and they start pulling these boards out of their closets.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他走进人们的家，他们开始从衣柜里拿出这些板。
They hoist them up, this is critical evidence for him.
他们把它们举起来，这对他来说是重要的证据。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: When I uncovered the folk game, the people that were playing on homemade boards and so on, I thought that that was enough to win the lawsuit, but my lawyer said hey Ralph, you’re not there yet because nobody seems to know where Parker Brothers Monopoly came from.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇，纽约市，2005 年：当我发现民间游戏、那些在自制棋盘上玩的人等等时，我认为这足以赢得诉讼，但我的律师说，嘿拉尔夫，你还没到那一步，因为似乎没有人知道帕克兄弟大富翁从何而来。
So maybe Darrow did invent it from scratch, you never know, sometimes that happens they’re parallel inventions.
所以也许达罗确实从头开始发明了它，你永远不知道，有时它们是平行的发明。
So, I had one more hurdle to overcome: where does Parker Brothers Darrow’s Monopoly come from?
所以，我还有一个障碍需要克服：帕克兄弟达罗的《大富翁》从何而来？
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Until the 1800s, pretty much all board games were folk games, you know, people just passed them down.
Tristan Donovan，作家：直到 1800 年代，几乎所有棋盘游戏都是民间游戏，你知道，人们只是将它们传承下来。
No one owned them, anyone could do what they like with them just like folk music.
没有人拥有它们，任何人都可以用它们做任何他们喜欢的事情，就像民间音乐一样。
That started to change in the 19th century when you have box-packaged, mass produced games.
这种情况在 19 世纪开始发生变化，当时出现了盒装、批量生产的游戏。
And Monopoly in a way was the very last folk game.
从某种意义上说，大富翁是最后的民间游戏。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: Shortly after inventing the Landlord’s Game, Lizzie Magie is starting to share it and some of the people she’s sharing it with are single taxer’s.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：在发明斗地主游戏后不久，Lizzie Magie 就开始分享它，而她分享的一些人是单身纳税人。
Mary Pilon, Writer: One of them is Scott Nearing, this economics professor at the University of Pennsylvania and the game starts spreading on college campuses.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：斯科特·尼尔林（Scott Nearing）就是其中之一，他是宾夕法尼亚大学的经济学教授，这个游戏开始在大学校园传播。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: People started copying it and sharing it.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：人们开始复制并分享它。
No one is really sure where it came from, no one remembers the names so they call it names like Monopoly, or Finance, or Business.
没有人真正确定它来自哪里，没有人记得这些名字，所以他们称之为“垄断”、“金融”或“商业”等名称。
Mary Pilon, Writer: A few people actually market their versions of the game, in places like Fort Worth, and Indianapolis, and the folk game continues to spread from one community to the next up and down the east coast.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：在沃斯堡和印第安纳波利斯等地，有一些人实际上在推销他们的游戏版本，并且这种民间游戏继续从一个社区传播到东海岸的另一个社区。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: As it gets spread around, people adapt it to reflect their own interests.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：随着它的传播，人们会根据自己的兴趣来调整它。
One of the first things that gets lost is Magie’s kind of single tax rules.
首先迷失的事情之一是玛吉的单一税收规则。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: In the single tax version of the game...again, you got to remember this was not Monopoly, it was the opposite.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：在游戏的单一税收版本中……再次，你必须记住这不是垄断，而是相反的。
It was about, not putting wealth in one person, but putting it in the entire community.
它不是将财富赋予一个人，而是将其赋予整个社区。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: It was boring, of course, to players because players–when you play a game you want to win.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟高管：当然，对于球员来说这很无聊，因为球员——当你玩游戏时你想赢。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: And so Lizzie’s rules for single tax–Georgist type play, just didn’t really catch on.
汤姆·福赛斯（Tom Forsyth），游戏历史学家：所以莉齐的单一税乔治主义类型游戏规则并没有真正流行起来。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: But the game is spreading, people keep changing the rules around to suit themselves.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：但游戏正在蔓延，人们不断改变规则以适应自己。
And so it actually spent 30 years evolving, just like folk games used to do.
所以它实际上花了30年的时间演变，就像过去的民间游戏一样。
Eventually, a Quaker teacher moves to Atlantic City and she introduces it to the local Quaker community there.
最终，一位贵格会老师搬到了大西洋城，她将其介绍给当地的贵格会社区。
Mary Pilon, Writer: In the late 1920’s the Quakers in Atlantic City were playing the folk game.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：1920 年代末，大西洋城的贵格会教徒正在玩民间游戏。
So they put Atlantic City properties onto the game board.
所以他们把大西洋城的房产放到了游戏板上。
Atlantic City was a very segregated city at that point and the Quakers reflected that too.
大西洋城当时是一个非常种族隔离的城市，贵格会也反映了这一点。
Bryant Simon, Historian: Looking at the Monopoly board, the first two properties you confront, Baltic and Mediterranean, which was the segregated black part of town.
布莱恩特·西蒙（Bryant Simon），历史学家：看看大富翁棋盘，你首先面对的两个地产是波罗的海和地中海，这是城镇中被隔离的黑人部分。
And perhaps it's not surprising.
也许这并不奇怪。
Those are the cheapest properties on the board.
这些是董事会上最便宜的房产。
Go to the light blue properties, Oriental Avenue for instance was an area of relatively modest rooming houses.
以浅蓝色的房产为例，东方大道是一个相对朴素的出租屋区域。
Many of them were places patronized by lower middle-class Jews.
其中许多是下层中产阶级犹太人光顾的地方。
Bryant Simon, Historian: But then as you turn the board and you get to the yellow properties and the green properties, those were always more established, more residential, wealthier parts of town.
历史学家布莱恩特·西蒙：但是当你转动棋盘时，你就会看到黄色房产和绿色房产，这些房产总是更成熟、更住宅、更富裕的城镇地区。
And then the highest end in Atlantic City is the boardwalk.
大西洋城的最高峰是木板路。
Here’s where first and second generation immigrants came to show off they’d made it in America by having a black man push them down the boardwalk.
这里是第一代和第二代移民来这里炫耀他们在美国取得成功的地方，他们被黑人推着走在木板路上。
We’ve believed this kind of illusion that segregation was a southern phenomenon, but Atlantic city is really a reflection of the larger nation and Park Place and the boardwalk are perfect examples of it.
我们一直相信这种错觉，认为种族隔离是南方现象，但大西洋城实际上是更大国家的反映，公园广场和木板路就是完美的例子。
Mary Pilon, Writer: The changes that the Atlantic City Quaker community make to the board, they’re also creating, inadvertently, this snapshot of race and class in one of America’s most popular vacation destinations in the 1920s.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：大西洋城贵格会社区对董事会所做的改变，也在不经意间创造了这个 1920 年代美国最受欢迎的度假胜地之一的种族和阶级快照。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: Ultimately, as Ralph discovers this Atlantic City version of Monopoly, he realizes there is no way that Charles Darrow invented this game.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：最终，当拉尔夫发现大西洋城版本的大富翁时，他意识到查尔斯·达罗不可能发明这个游戏。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: I got a lot of people who played the game before, but no hint of the missing link between the folk game and Parker Brothers Monopoly.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：我发现很多人以前玩过这个游戏，但没有任何迹象表明民间游戏和帕克兄弟大富翁之间缺少联系。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Finally, one of these early players says you know who you really need to talk to is Charles and Olive Todd.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：最后，其中一位早期参与者说，你知道真正需要与查尔斯和奥利弗·托德交谈的人。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: A certain Charles Todd.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇 (Ralph Anspach)，纽约市，2005 年：某个查尔斯·托德 (Charles Todd)。
He was the one who introduced a game that was developed by Atlantic City Quakers.
他是介绍大西洋城贵格会开发的一款游戏的人。
He introduced it to Charles Darrow.
他把它介绍给查尔斯·达罗。
So I went down to Augusta Georgia and I met Charles Todd and his wife and they told me that something very peculiar happened because they said the Darrows were real pains in the neck.
所以我去了佐治亚州奥古斯塔，见到了查尔斯·托德和他的妻子，他们告诉我发生了一件非常奇怪的事情，因为他们说达罗斯夫妇真的很痛苦。
Mary Pilon, Writer: One evening in the early 1930s, the Todds invite Charles and Esther Darrow to their home for dinner, and at this point, people would make their own boards at home and you would have a Monopoly night.
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：20 世纪 30 年代初的一个晚上，托德一家邀请查尔斯·达罗 (Charles Darrow) 和埃丝特·达罗 (Esther Darrow) 到他们家吃晚饭，此时，人们会在家制作自己的棋盘，然后度过一个大富翁之夜。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: The Todd’s introduce the Darrow’s to this game they know called ‘Monopoly’ and the Darrow’s love it.
特里斯坦·多诺万 (Tristan Donovan)，作家：托德 (Todd) 家族向达罗 (Darrow) 家族介绍了这款他们所知的“大富翁”游戏，达罗 (Darrow) 家族非常喜欢它。
So a few days later Charles Darrow gets in touch and goes…
几天后，查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）联系并走了……
Mary Pilon, Writer: That Monopoly game was so great, I would love for someone to write down the rules for me.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：那个大富翁游戏太棒了，我希望有人为我写下规则。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: Todd said he wasn’t very enthusiastic, but he did it.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：托德说他不是很热情，但他做到了。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Charles Todd has his secretary write up the rules.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：查尔斯·托德（Charles Todd）让他的秘书写下了规则。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: So he gave him the rules.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：所以他给了他规则。
Then he didn’t see him for a while.
然后有一段时间没见到他了。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: All contact ceases.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：所有联系都停止了。
It’s a mystery to the Todd’s, they’re kind of like have we done something to offend them?
这对托德一家来说是个谜，他们好像是我们做了什么冒犯他们的事？
And then one day, Charles Todd is passing a local bank..
然后有一天，查尔斯·托德经过一家当地银行。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: He saw an advertisement in a bank.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇 (Ralph Anspach)，纽约市，2005 年：他在一家银行看到一则广告。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: And it says, come to this event.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：上面说，来参加这个活动吧。
Charles Darrow is introducing everyone to his wonderful new game, Monopoly.
查尔斯·达罗 (Charles Darrow) 正在向大家介绍他精彩的新游戏《大富翁》。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: So Charlie Todd told me he was in a fury.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇 (Ralph Anspach)，纽约市，2005 年：查理·托德 (Charlie Todd) 告诉我他非常愤怒。
And I asked, well did you ever see the Darrow’s again after that?
我问，那之后你还见过达罗家吗？
And he said no, whenever they saw me they would quickly go across the street or walk someplace else, and that’s how Darrow got the game.
他说不，每当他们看到我时，他们都会很快穿过马路或走到其他地方，这就是达罗玩游戏的方式。
Mary Pilon, Writer: If you wanted to publish a board game in America, one of the first places you would go to was Parker Brothers, in Salem Massachusetts.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：如果你想在美国发行一款棋盘游戏，你首先会去的地方之一就是位于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的帕克兄弟公司。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: In the late 19th century, board games were all produced in New England and games, per say, were seen as slightly sinful.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：在 19 世纪末，棋盘游戏都是在新英格兰制作的，而且游戏被认为是有点罪恶的。
Games, certainly for children, had to have a kind of moral element.
游戏，尤其是对于儿童来说，必须具有某种道德元素。
They had to be a teaching tool, they couldn’t just be for fun.
它们必须是一种教学工具，而不能只是为了好玩。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: The first significant board game published in America was the Mansion of Happiness and it was emblematic of what games were supposed to be - they were moralistic and educational.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟高管：在美国发行的第一款重要棋盘游戏是《幸福大厦》，它象征着游戏的本质——它们具有道德性和教育性。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: One of the big changes that came along was a guy called George Parker.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：随之而来的重大变化之一是一个名叫乔治·帕克（George Parker）的人。
He started his own game company, Parker Brothers, and his emphasis was on this isn’t an educational tool, this is entertainment.
他创办了自己的游戏公司 Parker Brothers，他强调这不是教育工具，而是娱乐。
Mary Pilon, Writer: So, thanks to George Parker's innovation, Parker Brothers become the biggest company in the industry.
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：因此，由于乔治·帕克的创新，帕克兄弟成为业内最大的公司。
But not without their share of mistakes, and he was haunted by them.
但他们也犯过一些错误，而他也被这些错误所困扰。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: In the early 1900s, Parker Brothers decided to license Ping Pong from London and they began to market it in the country.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：1900 年代初，帕克兄弟决定从伦敦获得乒乓球授权，并开始在该国营销。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: And this works for a few years.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：这可以持续几年。
They’re able to market this as a game that not only men, but women can play.
他们能够将其作为一款不仅男性也可以玩的游戏进行营销。
So this becomes a really generalized sort of game.
所以这变成了一种真正通用的游戏。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: Unfortunately for Parker Brothers, it didn't stop anybody else from selling the same equipment under the generic name Table Tennis.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟高管：对于帕克兄弟来说不幸的是，这并没有阻止其他任何人以通用名称“乒乓球”销售相同的设备。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: And this difference between Ping Pong and Table Tennis gets in the way of their market and so they lose a monopoly over Ping Pong.
帕特里克·贾戈达（Patrick Jagoda），游戏学者：乒乓球和乒乓球之间的这种差异阻碍了他们的市场，因此他们失去了对乒乓球的垄断。
Parker Brothers loses multiple times on huge games.
帕克兄弟在大型比赛中多次输掉比赛。
They lose on Ping Pong, they lose on Tiddledy Winks…is that what it's called?
他们在乒乓球比赛中输了，在提迪迪温克斯比赛中输了……这就是所谓的吗？
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: And so you could not control Ping Pong or Tiddledy Winks and worse, as far as George Parker was concerned, was Mah-Jongg.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟执行官：所以你无法控制乒乓球或 Tiddledy Winks，更糟糕的是，就乔治·帕克而言，是麻将。
Many people don't know this, but Mahjong in the 1920s was the biggest game fad ever in America and Parker let that slip away.
许多人不知道这一点，但 20 年代的麻将是美国有史以来最流行的游戏，而帕克却让这一点溜走了。
Mary Pilon, Writer: By the beginning of The Great Depression, Parker Brothers is not doing well as a company.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：在大萧条开始时，帕克兄弟公司的经营状况并不好。
Robert Barton, who's the son-in-law of George Parker, had just taken over the firm.
乔治·帕克的女婿罗伯特·巴顿刚刚接管了这家公司。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Robert Barton was a capable businessman, but he was in circumstances that were horrendous for any business.
特里斯坦·多诺万，作家：罗伯特·巴顿是一位有能力的商人，但他所处的环境对任何企业来说都是可怕的。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: Parker Brothers finds themselves in this really dire situation.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：帕克兄弟发现自己处于这种非常可怕的境地。
They’re laying off employees–they’re actually potentially looking at going bankrupt.
他们正在裁员——他们实际上可能正在考虑破产。
And Barton hears about this game out of Philadelphia that’s doing, actually, quite well invented by this local guy named Charles Darrow.
巴顿在费城听说了这款游戏，实际上，这个游戏是由当地一个名叫查尔斯·达罗的人发明的。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: Charles Darrow in the early 1930s was a heating repair engineer, which meant he fixed steam radiators.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟高管：查尔斯·达罗 (Charles Darrow) 在 20 世纪 30 年代初是一名供暖维修工程师，这意味着他负责修理蒸汽散热器。
But during the Depression, he lost his job, like so many other millions of Americans.
但在大萧条期间，他像其他数百万美国人一样失业了。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He has a wife and these two children and one of his children has pretty advanced health problems.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他有一位妻子和两个孩子，其中一个孩子患有相当严重的健康问题。
He needs to be at a special type of school, and the Darrow’s cannot afford it.
他需要就读特殊类型的学校，而达罗家负担不起。
So he needs money and he needs it very, very fast.
所以他需要钱，而且需要得非常非常快。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: Charles Darrow begins to make, by hand, copies of Monopoly.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：查尔斯·达罗开始手工制作《大富翁》的副本。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: He actually took a round table that he had.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：他实际上拿走了他拥有的一张圆桌。
The first Monopoly board you see from him is actually a gigantic circle.
你从他身上看到的第一个大富翁棋盘实际上是一个巨大的圆圈。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: But then he began to automate the process little by little.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：但后来他开始一点一点地实现流程自动化。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: Darrow actually hires a professional artist to do the artwork for his board.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：Darrow 实际上聘请了一位专业艺术家为他的棋盘绘制艺术品。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: He provided the ‘every man's touch’ to the appearance of the game.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟执行官：他为比赛的外观提供了“每个人的接触”。
A much more pleasant, engaging, simpler look.
更令人愉快、更有吸引力、更简单的外观。
And so, Charles Darrow made 500 copies in the summer of 1934.
因此，查尔斯·达罗 (Charles Darrow) 在 1934 年夏天制作了 500 份。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Essentially he’s self publishing, he’s making a few sets with money he has, selling those, taking the money he’s earned, building some more.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：本质上他是自我出版，他用自己拥有的钱制作了几套，然后卖掉它们，拿走他赚到的钱，再制作更多。
Really bootstrapping to make this business work.
真正让这项业务运转起来。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Charles Darrow does go to the big game manufacturers, including Parker Brothers.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）确实去了大型游戏制造商，包括帕克兄弟（Parker Brothers）。
And he gets rejected at first.
他一开始就被拒绝了。
They look at the game, and it's a game about mortgages, building houses, and building hotels.
他们看这个游戏，这是一个关于抵押贷款、建造房屋和建造酒店的游戏。
It's for the time, a really complicated game.
就目前而言，这是一场非常复杂的游戏。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: So essentially they all say, "No." And eventually he goes to Wanamaker’s in Philadelphia, a big department store, and he persuades them to start stocking the game.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：所以基本上他们都说“不”。最终他去了费城的沃纳梅克百货公司，这是一家大型百货公司，他说服他们开始进货这款游戏。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: And that gives Darrow the opportunity to go to a few other stores in Philadelphia and to FAO Schwartz, the leading toy emporium here in New York.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：这让达罗有机会去费城的其他几家商店和纽约领先的玩具商场FAO Schwartz。
By the time Christmas of 1934 has come and gone, Darrow has made 1,000 copies–two print runs and they have sold out.
到 1934 年圣诞节到来又过去时，达罗已经印了 1,000 册——印了两遍就卖完了。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: It starts selling, and selling, and selling, and eventually, Charles Darrow is making enough sales there for Parker Brothers and other game manufacturers to take a look at Philadelphia and go ‘hmm’.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：它开始销售、销售、销售，最终，查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）在那里做出了足够的销售，让帕克兄弟和其他游戏制造商看看费城并发出“嗯”的声音。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Robert Barton had already turned Darrow down, but now he invites him to New York City with the intention of buying his game.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：罗伯特·巴顿（Robert Barton）已经拒绝了达罗，但现在他邀请他来纽约，打算购买他的游戏。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: They negotiate to buy the game from him and during this negotiation, Robert Barton asks Charles Darrow, "Is this your game?
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：他们谈判从他那里购买游戏，在谈判过程中，罗伯特·巴顿（Robert Barton）问查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow），“这是你的游戏吗？
100% yours?" And Charles Darrow goes, "Yes, of course." And so they sign it, and start putting out Monopoly.
100%是你的？”查尔斯·达罗说：“是的，当然。”于是他们就签署了协议，并开始推出《大富翁》。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: Parker Brothers acquires Monopoly in March of 1935, and around June 1st, they’ve moved heaven and earth and they make their first 10,000 print run.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：帕克兄弟于 1935 年 3 月收购了《大富翁》，6 月 1 日左右，他们做出了巨大的改变，并发行了第一批 10,000 份印刷品。
And the game sells pretty well.
而且这款游戏的销量也相当不错。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: But the very fact that Monopoly could actually be the hit they’re looking for actually makes Barton nervous.
汤姆·福赛斯（Tom Forsyth），游戏历史学家：但是，《大富翁》实际上可能成为他们正在寻找的热门游戏，这一事实实际上让巴顿感到紧张。
Parker Brothers didn’t want to lose Monopoly the way they had lost Mah-Jongg.
帕克兄弟不想像失去麻将一样失去大富翁。
I mean, Barton realizes he had to do something.
我的意思是，巴顿意识到他必须做点什么。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Parker Brothers writes a letter to Charles Darrow asking him for his origin story about how he came up with Monopoly.
帕特里克·贾戈达（Patrick Jagoda），游戏学者：帕克兄弟写了一封信给查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow），询问他如何想出《大富翁》的起源故事。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Darrow writes back, "Dear Mr. Barton, the history of Monopoly is really quite simple…being unemployed at the time and badly needing anything to occupy my time, I made by hand a very crude game for the sole purpose of amusing myself.
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：达罗回信说：“亲爱的巴顿先生，《大富翁》的历史其实很简单……当时失业，急需任何东西来打发时间，我亲手制作了一款非常粗糙的游戏，唯一的目的就是为了自娱自乐。
Mary Pilon, Writer: “Later, friends called and we played the game, unnamed at that time.
作家玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon）：“后来，朋友们打电话来，我们玩了这个游戏，当时还没有透露姓名。
One of them asked me to make a copy for him, which I did, charging him four dollars.
其中一个人要求我为他复印一份，我照做了，收取了他四美元的费用。
Friends of his wanted copies and so forth.
他的朋友想要副本等等。
So much for the outline of the history of Monopoly.” That’s all we get.
《大富翁》的历史概要就到此为止。”这就是我们得到的全部。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Charles Darrow is a charlatan.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：Charles Darrow 是一个江湖骗子。
(LAUGHS) But for Parker Brothers, it doesn’t matter, if you can sell the origin story to consumers they’re much more likely to accept him as the creator.
（笑）但对于帕克兄弟来说，这并不重要，如果你能把起源故事卖给消费者，他们就更有可能接受他作为创作者。
And because so many people could identify with the Great Depression story and the movement from poverty to riches, the right origin story might just be enough to win the public imagination.
由于很多人都能认同大萧条的故事和从贫穷到富裕的运动，正确的起源故事可能足以赢得公众的想象力。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: It's remarkable that this game took off on the back end of the Great Depression.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：值得注意的是，这款游戏在大萧条末期开始流行。
Why would people want to play a game about accumulating wealth after most of them had lived in abject poverty for years?
为什么人们在经历了多年的赤贫之后还想玩一个积累财富的游戏呢？
I think part of the reason is wish fulfillment.
我认为部分原因是愿望的实现。
What better fantasy to have during and after the Great Depression than being able to be in a position of power and being able to accumulate mass wealth, when you know you'll never be able to do that in your own life.
在大萧条期间和之后，还有什么比能够掌握权力并积累大量财富更好的幻想，因为你知道自己永远无法做到这一点。
Ashlyn Sparrow, Game Designer: Monopoly is a quintessential American game by virtue of how it plays.
Ashlyn Sparrow，游戏设计师：《大富翁》因其玩法而成为一款典型的美国游戏。
Everyone, regardless of your race, religion, or creed starts off with the same amount of money.
每个人，无论种族、宗教或信仰如何，一开始的钱都是一样的。
Lindsay Grace, Gaming Scholar: Everybody has a fair chance, everyone collects $200 when they pass go, everyone has the opportunity to purchase, all of these things are baked in.
Lindsay Grace，游戏学者：每个人都有公平的机会，每个人通过 go 后都会收到 200 美元，每个人都有机会购买，所有这些东西都是烘焙出来的。
Kate Raworth, Economist: Monopoly creates a very false sense of ‘well we all started off equally, if I’ve got ahead it must be my skill it must be my hard work.’
凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth），经济学家：垄断创造了一种非常错误的感觉，即“我们都是平等起步的，如果我取得了成功，那一定是我的技能，也一定是我的努力工作。”
“I got you John.
“我找到你了，约翰。
That’ll be a hundred dollars.”
那将是一百美元。”
Kate Raworth, Economist: When actually in real life, we do not start on that same starting line.
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯：实际上，在现实生活中，我们并不是在同一条起跑线上开始的。
Ashlyn Sparrow, Game Designer: Monopoly makes it easy to imagine that you can accomplish your goals, accomplish your vision, you can start a business and you don’t have to think about what you look like, where you come from, that you’re from a different class, from a different race, have a different gender, have a different gender expression–you don’t have to think about any of that at all.
Ashlyn Sparrow，游戏设计师：《大富翁》让你很容易想象，你可以实现你的目标，实现你的愿景，你可以创业，你不需要考虑你长什么样，你来自哪里，你来自不同的阶级，来自不同的种族，有不同的性别，有不同的性别表达——你根本不需要考虑这些。
Right?
对吗？
And that is the problem and the myth that Monopoly continues to just push forward.
这就是大富翁继续推动的问题和神话。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Monopoly becomes an instant success.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：《大富翁》一炮而红。
The orders flood in.
订单如潮水般涌来。
They can’t make games fast enough, they put on extra shifts in their factory and they still can’t catch up.
他们制作游戏的速度不够快，他们在工厂加班，但仍然无法跟上。
It’s one of those games that just hits at the right moment and suddenly everyone wants one.
这是一款恰逢其时、突然间每个人都想要一款的游戏。
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: In 1936, the game went from a quarter of a million to nearly 1.8 million, which literally was the maximum number of games that Parker Brothers could make, even mobilizing the entirety of Salem Massachusetts to help.
Phil Orbanes，帕克兄弟前高管：1936 年，这款游戏从 25 万份增加到近 180 万份，这实际上是帕克兄弟可以制作的最大游戏数量，甚至动员了整个马萨诸塞州塞勒姆来提供帮助。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: It's the biggest success the board game industry has ever seen.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：这是棋盘游戏行业有史以来最大的成功。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: And then one day, Parker Brother’s lawyer rushes into Barton’s office and goes, ‘There’s a game just like Monopoly called Finance.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：然后有一天，帕克兄弟的律师冲进巴顿的办公室，说道：“有一款游戏就像《大富翁》一样，叫做金融”。
And actually there’s another game that is just like it as well and another game’ and suddenly he’s in a position where he thought he had the biggest hit ever and had the rights to it and now it’s pretty obvious that Charles Darrow has copied this game.
事实上，还有另一款游戏也很相似，还有另一款游戏”，突然间，他认为自己拥有有史以来最热门的游戏，并拥有该游戏的版权，现在很明显查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）抄袭了这款游戏。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Robert Barton has a problem.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：罗伯特·巴顿有一个问题。
The thing that is saving his company from bankruptcy, Monopoly, that is this runaway hit was not invented by Darrow.
使他的公司免于破产的东西，大富翁，也就是这款失控的热门游戏并不是达罗发明的。
He needs to protect Monopoly at all costs
他需要不惜一切代价保护大富翁
Phil Orbanes, Former Parker Brothers Executive: And so Robert Barton, attorney by trade, decides he has to own every game that's remotely similar to Monopoly.
Phil Orbanes，前帕克兄弟高管：因此，职业律师罗伯特·巴顿决定他必须拥有每一款与大富翁稍有相似的游戏。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He needs to get control of these other competing games.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他需要控制这些其他竞争游戏。
Finance, Easy Money, Inflation.
金融，轻松赚钱，通货膨胀。
But Barton has another problem, and that is Lizzie Magie.
但巴顿还有另一个问题，那就是莉齐·玛吉。
Mary Pilon, Writer: At this point, Lizzie Magie is married and working as a secretary in Washington D.C. We don’t know if she realized that the Landlord’s Game had been spreading, but we do know by 1935, the Darrow story starts to take off.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：此时，莉齐·玛吉（Lizzie Magie）已婚，在华盛顿特区担任秘书。我们不知道她是否意识到房东的游戏已经蔓延，但我们确实知道，到 1935 年，达罗的故事开始起飞。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: Lizzie is reading about this inventor Charles Darrow and she actually goes to the press and says, ‘Wait a second, that’s my game’ you know, ‘that’s my invention’.
汤姆·福赛思（Tom Forsyth），游戏历史学家：莉齐正在阅读有关这位发明家查尔斯·达罗（Charles Darrow）的文章，她实际上对媒体说，“等一下，这是我的游戏”，你知道，“这是我的发明”。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: For Parker Brothers, this is a complete disaster.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：对于帕克兄弟来说，这完全是一场灾难。
And so Parker Brothers decides it needs to shut this down.
因此帕克兄弟决定关闭这个项目。
It needs to preserve Charles Darrow's story.
它需要保存查尔斯·达罗的故事。
Mary Pilon, Writer: So, George Parker comes from retirement in a very dramatic fashion and he takes a train to Washington, D.C.
玛丽·皮隆，作家：乔治·帕克以一种非常戏剧性的方式退休，他乘坐火车前往华盛顿特区。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: George Parker is quite elderly at this point and he goes to Lizzie Magie to sweet talk her into selling the rights.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：乔治·帕克（George Parker）此时已经很老了，他去找莉齐·玛吉（Lizzie Magie）甜言蜜语地说服她出售版权。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He says, "We, Parker Brothers, are going to publish your Landlord's Game and two other games of yours."
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他说，“我们，帕克兄弟，将出版你们的斗地主游戏和你们的另外两款游戏。”
Tristan Donovan, Writer: We’ll put your picture on the front of these boxes and talk about you as an originator of board games.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：我们会将您的照片放在这些盒子的正面，并谈论您作为棋盘游戏的创始人。
Mary Pilon, Writer: And she thinks, ‘Wow, my Georgist teaching tools are going to be front and center with one of the biggest game companies in the world.’
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：她认为，“哇，我的 Georgist 教学工具将成为世界上最大的游戏公司之一的前沿和中心。”
Tristan Donovan, Writer: She kind of figures well no one paid any attention to the Landlord’s Game before.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：她认为之前没有人关注斗地主游戏。
Maybe this is a chance to revive interest in single tax.
也许这是重振人们对单一税的兴趣的一个机会。
So for $500 she signs over the rights.
因此，她以 500 美元的价格签署了版权。
Kate Raworth, Economist: They pay her five hundred dollars.
凯特·拉沃斯，经济学家：他们付给她五百美元。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Five hundred dollars.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：五百美元。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Five hundred dollars.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：五百美元。
And Parker Brothers acquires the rights to her game.
帕克兄弟获得了她的游戏的版权。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: This is the great irony of it all.
Tom Forsyth，游戏历史学家：这就是最大的讽刺。
Parker Brothers comes in and monopolizes Monopoly and Lizzie, she’s that kid sitting on the sideline of Monopoly who just got taken out of the game.
帕克兄弟介入并垄断了大富翁和莉齐，她是那个坐在大富翁边缘的孩子，刚刚被从游戏中带走。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Per the terms of their agreement, Parker Brothers released The Landlord's Game and two other Lizzie Magie titles, but did little to publicize them and they didn’t sell well.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：根据协议条款，帕克兄弟发行了《斗地主的游戏》和另外两部《莉齐·玛吉》，但几乎没有做任何宣传，而且销量也不佳。
Then, when they release the new version of The Landlord’s Game, it bears no resemblance to the original.
然后，当他们发布新版本的斗地主游戏时，它与原版没有任何相似之处。
Even worse, she discovers that Parker Brothers took advantage of the fine print in their contract, which gave them editorial control and they published the game with only one set of rules, omitting the single tax version.
更糟糕的是，她发现帕克兄弟利用了合同中的细则，这给了他们编辑控制权，他们只发布了一套规则的游戏，省略了单一税收版本。
Finally, two years later, when her patent expires for good, they erase her from the history of the game and betray her again.
最后，两年后，当她的专利永久到期时，他们将她从游戏历史中抹去了，并再次背叛了她。
Any acknowledgement of her in the press or that she had any role in the game is very, very quickly lost to history.
媒体对她的任何承认或她在游戏中扮演的任何角色都很快就消失在历史之中。
Kate Raworth, Economist: She was hanging onto the belief that Parker Brother’s would now finally publish her game.
凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth），经济学家：她坚信帕克兄弟现在终于会发布她的游戏了。
They would print her face on the cover of the board.
他们会把她的脸印在黑板的封面上。
And so they say, ‘There you are, Lizzie.
所以他们说，‘你来了，莉齐。
There's your face.
那是你的脸。
You see, we've acknowledged you as the inventor of the game, but we'll just let that addition quietly slip.’ And so, they flatter her into insignificance.
你看，我们已经承认你是这个游戏的发明者，但我们只会让这个附加内容悄悄溜走。”因此，他们把她奉承为无足轻重。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Magie makes $500, Darrow makes over a million dollars.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：Magie 赚了 500 美元，Darrow 赚了超过 100 万美元。
Not exactly fair.
不完全公平。
Mary Pilon, Writer: One of the last traces we have of Lizzie Magie’s life is the 1940 US Census.
作家玛丽·皮隆 (Mary Pilon)：我们对 Lizzie Magie 一生的最后痕迹之一是 1940 年的美国人口普查。
What’s interesting about that census is that she died in 1948 so it’s the last one she would have been able to participate in.
这次人口普查的有趣之处在于，她于 1948 年去世，因此这是她能够参加的最后一次人口普查。
And she lists her occupation as maker of games and her income as 0.
她将自己的职业列为游戏制作者，收入为0。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: By the late 1970s, the Anti-Monopoly case has dragged on for years.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：到了 20 世纪 70 年代末，反垄断案已经拖延了多年。
Ralph is on the verge of ruin.
拉尔夫正处于毁灭的边缘。
It’s not like he’s a rich man.
这不像是一个有钱人。
He’s, kind of, there scraping it together paying lawyers, paying court fees, trying to fight this Goliath.
他在某种程度上，正在拼命付钱给律师，支付法庭费用，试图对抗这个歌利亚。
Tom Forsyth, Game Historian: It’s not just Ralph’s case.
游戏历史学家 Tom Forsyth：这不仅仅是拉尔夫的例子。
His son, Mark, had helped him to design the game and his wife, Ruth, was busy running the company and so it’s really taking a toll on his whole family.
他的儿子马克帮助他设计了这款游戏，而他的妻子露丝则忙于经营公司，所以这确实给他的整个家庭带来了损失。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: We were in real financial trouble.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：我们确实陷入了财务困境。
We had three mortgages on our home.
我们的房子有三项抵押贷款。
And one of the mortgage holders was about to foreclose on us.
其中一位抵押贷款持有人即将取消我们的赎回权。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He takes out loans on his home, these second mortgages, which is, when you think about Monopoly–very ironic.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他为自己的房屋申请了贷款，这些第二抵押贷款，当你想到大富翁时，这是非常讽刺的。
So he’s just completely worn down in every sense.
所以从各方面来说他都已经彻底疲惫不堪了。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: And then on the eve of the court case, lawyers inside General Mills and Parker Brothers make Ralph an offer.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：然后在法庭审理前夕，通用磨坊和帕克兄弟内部的律师向拉尔夫提出了要约。
Mary Pilon, Writer: And it’s big.
作家玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon）：而且它很大。
It’s a good one.
这是一个很好的。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Equivalent of more than 2 million dollars.
Tristan Donovan，作家：相当于超过200万美元。
Mary Pilon, Writer: There’s just one catch, he’s not allowed to talk about the game's origins.
Mary Pilon，作家：只有一个问题，他不被允许谈论游戏的起源。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: And Ralph says no. He’s come this far, he’s going to see it out.
特里斯坦·多诺万，编剧：拉尔夫说不。他已经走到这一步了，他一定会看到这一点。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: People said you’re crazy, take the money and run to the bank, but I just can't live with myself if I cave in.
拉尔夫·安斯帕奇，纽约市，2005 年：人们说你疯了，拿着钱跑到银行，但如果我屈服了，我就无法忍受自己。
Mary Pilon, Writer: This was about something beyond money.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：这不仅仅是金钱的问题。
This was about proving a story, proving a case, that was not something that was up for sale at any price for him.
这是为了证明一个故事，证明一个案子，这对他来说不是可以不惜一切代价出售的东西。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Ralph now has the evidence of how the board game changed over the years and he doesn’t just want to be paid off and to let Parker Brothers carry on as before.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：拉尔夫现在掌握了棋盘游戏多年来发生的变化的证据，他不只是想得到回报并让帕克兄弟像以前一样继续下去。
He wants to win.
他想赢。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph and his attorney’s are trying to prove that the Monopoly patent itself is fraudulent.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫和他的律师正在试图证明垄断专利本身是欺诈性的。
And that’s a pretty scandalous thing to be alleging at this time.
现在提出这样的指控是相当可耻的。
You have to remember that when this case was coming about in the mid-1970s, the Monopoly story hadn’t really been challenged and certainly not to this extent and where the stakes were so high.
你必须记住，当这个案件发生在 20 世纪 70 年代中期时，大富翁的故事并没有真正受到挑战，当然也没有达到这种程度，而且赌注如此之高。
Exterior of US District Court, San Francisco, 1970s
旧金山美国地方法院外观，20 世纪 70 年代
Mary Pilon, Writer: So for this trial, Ralph calls upon nine of the folk game players.
作家玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon）：因此，在这次审判中，拉尔夫召集了九名民间游戏玩家。
These folk players testify to playing the game before 1935.
这些民间玩家证明他们在 1935 年之前就玩过这款游戏。
So it goes from rumor to record.
所以它从谣言变成了记录。
“Now, Mr. Harvey, did you ever play a real estate trading game?” “Yes.” “And what year did you first play such a game, sir?” “I would say it was nineteen…thirty-one.” “I had a Quaker friend at Smith and I went to visit her in the spring of 1922.
“哈维先生，你玩过房地产交易游戏吗？” “是的。” “先生，您第一次玩这样的游戏是哪一年？” “我想说是十九……三十一。” “我在史密斯学院有一位贵格会朋友，1922 年春天我去拜访了她。
We played it all the time.” “I was at MIT.
我们一直在玩这个。” “我当时在麻省理工学院。
I copied theirs.
我复制了他们的。
That’s the way it went, from one person to another.” “Do you have a name to the game?” “It was called Monopoly.” “Monopoly.” “Monopoly.” “They were all playing Monopoly.”
事情就是这样，从一个人到另一个人。” “你有这个游戏的名字吗？” “它被称为垄断。” “垄断。” “垄断。” “他们都在玩大富翁。”
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: We had them…you know, we had them over a barrel now.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：我们有它们……你知道，我们现在把它们装在桶里。
Because they were sitting there with a game that seemed to have been stolen.
因为他们坐在那里的游戏似乎是被偷的。
We were really quite confident we were going to win.
我们真的非常有信心我们会获胜。
Mary Pilon, Writer: So they go through this whole trial and the judge issues a ruling and it is not good.
作家玛丽·皮隆：他们经历了整个审判，法官做出了裁决，这并不好。
But I think we have to be realistic, this was a David vs. Goliath story, and Ralph’s judge generally ruled on Goliath’s side.
但我认为我们必须现实一点，这是一个大卫与歌利亚的故事，拉尔夫的法官通常会站在歌利亚一边。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: The judge rules in Parker Brothers favor.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：法官做出了对帕克兄弟有利的裁决。
It says, ‘you must not put out Anti-Monopoly’ and for Ralph this is an absolute disaster.
它说，“你不能推出反垄断”，对拉尔夫来说这绝对是一场灾难。
I mean, this is ruin.
我的意思是，这就是毁灭。
He’s not only lost his game, he won’t get court costs, he won’t get anything.
他不仅输掉了比赛，他不会得到法庭费用，他不会得到任何东西。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: That was it.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：就是这样。
We were finished.
我们完了。
I remember I was terribly depressed.
我记得我当时非常沮丧。
We lost the case.
我们输掉了官司。
The judge ordered us to turn over all our games to Parker Brothers.
法官命令我们将所有比赛交给帕克兄弟。
Then Parker Brothers did something which is not usually done, but Parker Brothers was determined to teach others a lesson.
然后帕克兄弟做了一件通常不做的事情，但帕克兄弟决心给别人一个教训。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Part of the ruling is that Ralph has to hand over his Anti-Monopoly games.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：裁决的一部分是拉尔夫必须交出他的反垄断游戏。
Parker Brothers take these games and they’re in Mankato, Minnesota, which is not far from where they're being manufactured.
帕克兄弟在明尼苏达州曼凯托拍摄这些游戏，距离游戏的生产地不远。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: 40,000 of our games were literally buried in Minnesota with a national story describing this.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：我们的 40,000 款游戏实际上被埋在明尼苏达州，并有一个全国性的故事描述了这一点。
This is what happens to people who challenge this great company and this great game.
这就是挑战这家伟大公司和这款伟大游戏的人们所发生的事情。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph later told me, something to the effect of, it felt like they were dumping me in the trash.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫后来告诉我，大意是，感觉就像他们把我扔进了垃圾桶。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: I just couldn’t face it.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：我就是无法面对它。
I couldn’t face to see these games turned into trash, you know?
我无法面对这些游戏变成垃圾，你知道吗？
I couldn’t…I didn’t have the courage to see that.
我不能……我没有勇气看到这一点。
Cut to kids playing Monopoly.: Ruby: Is it your turn?
切到孩子们玩大富翁： 鲁比：轮到你了吗？
Or…Lula’s?
或者……卢拉的？
Soren: It’s Lula’s.
索伦：这是卢拉的。
*Kids cheering* Milo: No!
*孩子们欢呼* Milo：不！
Lula: Yes!
卢拉：是的！
Soren: Why are you happy?
索伦：你为什么高兴？
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: I think the competition of Monopoly is quintessentially American.
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：我认为《大富翁》的竞争本质上是美国式的。
Monopoly might not be the perfect game for teaching people about economics, but it's a really great way of training people's emotions to be aligned with competition, of wanting competition, wanting victory.
《大富翁》可能不是教人们经济学的完美游戏，但它确实是训练人们的情绪与竞争相一致、想要竞争、想要胜利的好方法。
Lindsay Grace, Gaming Scholar: Monopoly claims that there is a sort of right way to win that means some other people are going to have to lose.
Lindsay Grace，游戏学者：《大富翁》声称有一种正确的获胜方式，这意味着其他人将不得不失败。
Cut back to kids playing Monopoly.: Soren: How much is that?
切回孩子们玩大富翁的画面。： 索伦：那多少钱？
Ruby: 1,200.
红宝石：1,200。
Soren: Well, I don’t have enough so whatever.
索伦：好吧，我没有足够的钱，所以无论如何。
Ruby: You’re bankrupt, you’re out.
鲁比：你破产了，你出局了。
Soren: Yeah, I know.
索伦：是的，我知道。
Lula: Bye!
卢拉：再见！
Soren: Why!
索伦：为什么！
Kate Raworth, Economist: Why is this game, the game that we remember and loved and wanted to play?
经济学家凯特·拉沃斯（Kate Raworth）：为什么这款游戏是我们记忆中、喜爱并想玩的游戏？
And the traits it brings out are ruthlessness, greed, acquisition, accumulation, no pity for your opponent.
而它所带出的特质就是冷酷、贪婪、获取、积累、不怜悯你的对手。
And the irony is that we’re drawn to playing it.
讽刺的是，我们却被它所吸引。
Cut back to kids playing Monopoly.
减少孩子们玩大富翁的时间。
Milo: I have the most money!
米洛：我最有钱了！
Lindsay Grace, Gaming Scholar: It is a zero sum game.
Lindsay Grace，游戏学者：这是一场零和游戏。
And so, the kind of rhetoric there is that there can be only one victor.
因此，那里的言论是只能有一个胜利者。
And I think that’s an interesting metaphor, the way that our capitalist system works in the United States.
我认为这是一个有趣的比喻，我们的资本主义制度在美国的运作方式。
Cut back to kids playing Monopoly.
减少孩子们玩大富翁的时间。
Soren: You got lucky.
索伦：你很幸运。
Mary Pilon, Writer: After his defeat, Ralph is determined to keep fighting.
作家玛丽·皮隆：失败后，拉尔夫决心继续战斗。
He appeals, and it takes another six years for his case to go through the legal system, until there is only one place left to go.
他提出上诉，他的案件又花了六年的时间通过法律系统，直到只剩下一个地方了。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph gets on a train to Washington, D.C. He’s got all of his legal papers with him, and he walks them himself to the Supreme Court.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫登上前往华盛顿特区的火车。他随身携带了所有法律文件，并亲自将它们带到了最高法院。
And that’s kind of an amazing moment because when you think about–here’s Ralph, this guy who ten years ago is making a game called Anti-Monopoly and gets a cease and desist at his doorstep about a board game, now finds himself appealing for his right to make these games at the Supreme Court of The United States.
这是一个令人惊奇的时刻，因为当你想到拉尔夫时，这个人十年前正在制作一款名为《反垄断》的游戏，并在他家门口因一款棋盘游戏而被制止，现在他发现自己正在向美国最高法院上诉，要求自己制作这些游戏的权利。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: And when it comes down to the Supreme Court’s decision…they back Ralph.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），作家：当涉及最高法院的裁决时……他们支持拉尔夫。
Archival: Dan Rather reports on Ralph’s victory.
档案：丹·拉瑟报道拉尔夫的胜利。
Rather: The makers of the popular board game, Monopoly, today drew a chance card and lost.
相反：流行棋盘游戏“大富翁”的制造商今天抽到了一张机会牌，但输了。
For real.
真的。
They didn’t go to jail, they didn’t pass ‘Go’, but lost their monopoly on Monopoly.
他们没有进监狱，没有通过“Go”，但失去了对大富翁的垄断。
Mary Pilon, Writer: Ralph, pretty much, wins it all.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：拉尔夫几乎赢得了一切。
He gets a significant lump of money.
他得到了一大笔钱。
Tristan Donovan, Writer: Parker Brothers has to repay him for all the copies of the game they destroyed, and cover his court costs, and pay him damages.
特里斯坦·多诺万（Tristan Donovan），编剧：帕克兄弟必须向他偿还他们销毁的所有游戏副本，并支付他的法庭费用，并向他支付损害赔偿金。
Mary Pilon, Writer: He wins his right to produce Anti-Monopoly and to keep making his games, but he also wins the right to talk about the game’s history and its origins openly.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：他赢得了制作《反垄断》并继续制作游戏的权利，但他也赢得了公开谈论游戏历史及其起源的权利。
That, for him, is a huge, huge win because at this point he had been talking about the game for a decade, but he wanted to keep telling the story of Lizzie Magie, Darrow, and what really happened.
对他来说，这是一个巨大的胜利，因为此时他已经谈论这个游戏十年了，但他想继续讲述莉齐·玛吉、达罗的故事，以及真正发生的事情。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: Most people thought that I was crazy.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：大多数人认为我疯了。
And, of course, I felt very vindicated.
当然，我觉得自己是正确的。
Because, you know, it was a long struggle, but I was determined to accomplish my goals regardless of all the opposition and so on.
因为，你知道，这是一场漫长的斗争，但我决心不顾一切反对等因素来实现我的目标。
And maybe the…maybe the idea that there is something else in the story.
也许……也许故事里还有别的东西。
Namely…the little guy can win out sometimes and overcome.
也就是说……小家伙有时可以获胜并克服困难。
Ralph Anspach, New York City, 2005: Monopoly is more than a game.
Ralph Anspach，纽约市，2005 年：《大富翁》不仅仅是一款游戏。
It's a commentary on both what’s great and what’s dark about our business empires.
这是对我们商业帝国的伟大之处和黑暗之处的评论。
Patrick Jagoda, Gaming Scholar: Is anything just a game in American society?
Patrick Jagoda，游戏学者：在美国社会，有什么东西只是游戏吗？
When games are the one of the most popular cultural forms that we have.
当游戏成为我们最流行的文化形式之一时。
When they train us in so many norms and ideas that we move outside of the game space, can we say that something is just a game?
当他们用如此多的规范和想法来训练我们，以至于我们脱离了游戏空间时，我们可以说某些东西只是游戏吗？
Mary Pilon, Writer: Monopoly is tied to so much history and so many memories for people that it belongs to everybody, but I think that the myth of Monopoly does obscure a lot of realities about this country about class, about race, about gender, about how our current, dare I say, game of capitalism is played and has been for centuries.
玛丽·皮隆（Mary Pilon），作家：《大富翁》与太多的历史和人们的记忆息息相关，以至于它属于每个人，但我认为《大富翁》的神话确实掩盖了这个国家的许多现实，包括阶级、种族、性别，以及我们当前（我敢说）资本主义游戏的玩法以及几个世纪以来的情况。
So it ends up becoming this microcosm of the bigger story of this country and how we perceive it now and look back on it.
因此，它最终成为这个国家更大故事的缩影，以及我们现在如何看待它并回顾它。
Bryant Simon, Historian: It’s an interesting question if Monopoly creates a misguided view about the United States.
历史学家布莱恩特·西蒙（Bryant Simon）：如果《大富翁》对美国产生了误导性的看法，这是一个有趣的问题。
And maybe the way to think about it is, what if the original game had caught on?
也许思考的方式是，如果最初的游戏流行起来怎么办？
Would that have paved the way for an alternative political vision of America?
这会为美国的另一种政治愿景铺平道路吗？
That puts a lot on a game, but I think capitalists have always wanted to tell a story about how, in America, some people get ahead and other people fall behind and that’s either luck, that’s the roll of the dice, that’s because they didn't play the game the right way…it’s just like Monopoly.
这对游戏来说很重要，但我认为资本家一直想讲述一个故事，讲述在美国，有些人取得领先，另一些人落后，这要么是运气，要么是掷骰子，那是因为他们没有以正确的方式玩游戏……这就像大富翁一样。
Discover the unexpected history behind Monopoly, America’s favorite board game.
探索美国最受欢迎的棋盘游戏《大富翁》背后意想不到的历史。
There's far more to this photograph of Japanese American children playing Monopoly than meets the eye.
这张日裔美国儿童玩大富翁的照片远比表面上看到的要复杂得多。
Watch a preview of Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History.
观看《无情：大富翁秘史》的预览。
The story behind one of America’s most popular board games has some surprising twists and turns.
美国最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一背后的故事有一些令人惊讶的曲折。
The creator.
创造者。
The challenger.
挑战者。
The imposter.
冒名顶替者。
The monopolist.
垄断者。
Meet the characters in "Ruthless: Monopoly’s Secret History."
来认识一下《无情：大富翁秘史》中的人物吧。
Monopoly might be America's favorite board game, but it has a surprising secret.
大富翁可能是美国人最喜欢的棋盘游戏，但它有一个令人惊讶的秘密。
The true inventor may be a woman you've never heard of: Lizzie Magie.
真正的发明者可能是一位您从未听说过的女性：Lizzie Magie。