Mount Rushmore
Narrator: Deep in the Black Hills of South Dakota stands one of the biggest and unlikeliest monuments on the face of the earth -- a feat of modern engineering that relied on the ingenuity of the Ancient Greeks; a carving of surprising delicacy, fashioned with jack hammers .
旁白：在南达科他州的布莱克山深处，矗立着地球表面最大、最不可思议的纪念碑之一——这是依赖古希腊人聪明才智的现代工程壮举；用凿岩机雕刻而成的精美雕刻。
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and dynamite; a work of public art that began without a whisper of public support.
和炸药；一件公共艺术作品在没有得到公众支持的情况下开始。
Its size, its remote location, its compelling oddness begs the question: how'd it get there?
它的规模、它的偏远位置、它引人注目的古怪引出了一个问题：它是如何到达那里的？
The answer begins with one man .
答案要从一个人开始。
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an excitable, erratic and gifted sculptor named Gutzon Borglum.
格曾·博格勒姆（Gutzon Borglum）是一位易激动、反复无常、才华横溢的雕塑家。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: When he was angry he was furious.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：当他生气时，他就非常愤怒。
When he was generous he was overwhelming.
当他慷慨时，他是压倒性的。
When he was being petty he was penurious.
当他很小气的时候，他是吝啬的。
He was a hyperactive man who traveled in the middle of a self-generated whirlwind.
他是一个过度活跃的人，在一场自生的旋风中旅行。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter : He was so full of energy, I mean, it was a vital force within him, burning within him.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊，格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：他是如此充满活力，我的意思是，这是他体内的一股重要力量，在他体内燃烧。
He could charm anybody to do anything if he really put his mind to it.
只要他真的下定决心，他就能吸引任何人去做任何事。
And he could also raise a terrible fuss if you didn't.
如果你不这样做，他也可能会大惊小怪。
Gutzon Borglum : The dimensions of Washington's head would permit the Sphinx of Egypt to lie between the end of the nose and the eyebrow.
格曾·博格勒姆：华盛顿头部的尺寸足以让埃及狮身人面像位于鼻子末端和眉毛之间。
Narrator: Gutzon Borglum was an egomaniacal genius and a fetching blowhard, a bullish patriot and a wifty dreamer.
旁白：格曾·博格勒姆是一位自大的天才、一位迷人的吹牛大王、一位乐观的爱国者和一位机智的梦想家。
When he began Mount Rushmore, he still believed that one man could change the world.
当他开始拉什莫尔山时，他仍然相信一个人可以改变世界。
A 16 year struggle with the mountain -- through withering criticism, lack of trained workers, constant delay and crushing debt -- would test that plain, rock-hard, American-made conviction.
与这座山进行了 16 年的斗争——通过严厉的批评、缺乏训练有素的工人、持续的延误和沉重的债务——将考验美国制造的朴素、坚如磐石的信念。
On October 1st, 1925, a few hundred souls made their way up a rough mountain pass toward a seldom seen peak in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
1925 年 10 月 1 日，数百人爬上崎岖的山口，前往南达科他州布莱克山一座罕见的山峰。
That day, at the base of Mount Rushmore, Gutzon Borglum announced his intent to create the Great American Memorial.
那天，在拉什莫尔山脚下，格曾·博格勒姆宣布了他建造伟大美国纪念碑的意图。
In the mountain granite, he would carve a monument befitting the world's newest power: statues of four American presidents, more than 30 stories tall.
他将在山上的花岗岩上雕刻一座与世界最新强国相称的纪念碑：四位美国总统的雕像，30 多层楼高。
Gutzon Borlgum's monument would dwarf the Statue of Liberty, the Sphinx of Egypt, the Colossus of Rhodes.
格曾·博尔古姆的纪念碑将使自由女神像、埃及狮身人面像和罗德岛巨像相形见绌。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: If you start way back when we first came here, my father was looked upon as a weirdo, and a crank.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊（Mary Ellis Vhay），格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：如果你从我们第一次来到这里开始，我的父亲被视为怪人和怪人。
They thought he was really just very peculiar and he had big ideas that would go nowhere.
他们认为他真的很奇怪，他有一些伟大的想法，但不会有任何结果。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: This is a crazy idea in a society that is so recently removed from the frontier that everything had to be utilitarian.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：在一个刚刚脱离前沿、一切都必须功利主义的社会里，这是一个疯狂的想法。
It had to have a purpose.
它必须有一个目的。
And of what good were faces carved on a mountain even if you could do it, and who knew if you could do it?
即使你能做到，把脸刻在山上又有什么用呢？谁知道你能不能做到呢？
Dr. Karl Wegner, Peter Norbeck's Grandson: First he told the Rapid City businessmen supposedly that he didn't need financial support from them.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，彼得·诺贝克的孙子：首先，他告诉拉皮德城的商人，据说他不需要他们的经济支持。
Then after that very first dedication ceremony in I believe in October of 1925, when he had dinner with them afterward, he said he really needed that $50,000 now.
然后，我记得是在 1925 年 10 月，在第一次落成典礼之后，当他与他们共进晚餐时，他说他现在确实需要那 5 万美元。
This is the sort of thing that angered the people of South Dakota who began to become very skeptical about him.
这种事情激怒了南达科他州人民，他们开始对他非常怀疑。
Narrator : In 1925, Gutzon Borglum wasn't much concerned with what the locals thought of him.
旁白：1925 年，格曾·博格勒姆并不太关心当地人对他的看法。
His critics, he said, were mere "horseflies." If South Dakotans were too thick to seize the opportunity in this magnificent work of art, then they didn't deserve Gutzon Borglum.
他说，他的批评者只不过是“马蝇”。如果南达科他州人太厚重而无法抓住这个宏伟艺术作品的机会，那么他们就不配格曾·博格勒姆。
That's the way Borglum saw it, and that's all that mattered to him.
这就是博格勒姆的看法，这对他来说才是最重要的。
All his life, John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum was hard-headed and self-absorbed.
约翰·古曾·德拉·莫特·博格勒姆一生都是头脑冷静、只顾自己的人。
As a child, he decided he would make himself someone extraordinary; and he spent his life in that effort -- fueled by anger, energy and ego.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他就决定要让自己成为一个非凡的人。他一生都在这种努力中度过——在愤怒、精力和自我的推动下。
The son of Danish immigrants, Gutzon was born in Idaho in 1867 and raised in the West.
格曾是丹麦移民的儿子，1867 年出生于爱达荷州，在西方长大。
His father had been a part of the Mormon migration west; his mother, he barely knew.
他的父亲是摩门教徒向西迁徙的一部分。他的母亲，他几乎不知道。
John Taliaferro, Author: Borglum was a child of polygamy.
约翰·塔利费罗（John Taliaferro），作者：博格勒姆是一夫多妻制的孩子。
His father had two wives when he lived in Idaho -- Borglum's birth mother and his mother's sister.
当他的父亲住在爱达荷州时，他有两个妻子——博格勒姆的生母和他母亲的妹妹。
His father decided he didn't want to be a Mormon any more and decided to go back to Omaha where polygamy was taboo.
他的父亲决定他不想再成为摩门教徒，并决定回到禁止一夫多妻制的奥马哈。
It was decided that Gutzon's mother would be discarded from the family and never spoken of again.
人们决定将格曾的母亲从家庭中抛弃，并且再也不会被提起。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: There were eight children in the family and there had been two wives at one time, and Gutzon's mother actually left the family and they were raised by the stepmother.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特（Robin Borglum Carter），博格勒姆的孙女：家里有八个孩子，曾经有过两个妻子，格曾的母亲实际上离开了这个家庭，他们由继母抚养长大。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: He ran away from home because he was unhappy and at that, he started, I think when he was only five years old, and he finally built up the confidence within himself that he could do what he desired to do.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊，格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：他因为不开心而离家出走，我想在他只有五岁的时候，他就开始离家出走，最后他在自己内心建立了信心，相信他可以做他想做的事。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: He had a deep sense of his own abilities, I think.
约翰·豪瑟（John Houser），工作室助理的儿子：我认为他对自己的能力有深刻的认识。
He ran away from home a number of times to become an artist and wound up in California at a very early age studying art and he even said he was going to be famous before he was 30.
他多次离家出走，成为一名艺术家，很小的时候就到加州学习艺术，他甚至说自己30岁之前就会出名。
Narrator: In his twenties Gutzon moved from northern California to London to Paris, painting landscapes and portraits, trying on different styles, supporting himself and his first wife with marginal success.
旁白：二十多岁的格曾从北加州搬到伦敦再到巴黎，画风景画和肖像画，尝试不同的风格，以微薄的成功养活自己和他的第一任妻子。
As he passed 30, Borglum was near broke, failing at marriage, and worse, unknown.
年过 30 岁的博格勒姆几乎破产了，婚姻也失败了，更糟糕的是，他还默默无闻。
Robin Borglum Carter: He was very distraught when he was in Europe and he didn't feel like he was making money, he didn't feel like he had a name for himself.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特：他在欧洲的时候非常心烦意乱，他不觉得自己在赚钱，他不觉得自己有名气。
He wasn't happy, and he wanted to change all that.
他不高兴，他想改变这一切。
He wanted to be, be recognized.
他想要被认可。
Narrator: While in Paris, Borglum found his pole star, Auguste Rodin.
旁白：在巴黎期间，博格勒姆找到了他的北极星奥古斯特·罗丹。
Rodin's work was sculpture cast anew: modern, evocative and talked about.
罗丹的作品是重新铸造的雕塑：现代、令人回味且备受关注。
In the glow that surrounded the Great Artist, Borglum saw a reflection of his own future.
在这位伟大艺术家周围的光芒中，博格勒姆看到了自己的未来。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: In 1901 when he came back to the United States, he just burst into New York City sort of determined to become a very successful sculptor.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特 (Robin Borglum Carter)，博格勒姆的孙女：1901 年，当他回到美国时，他突然冲进纽约市，决心成为一名非常成功的雕塑家。
And within those first ten years he designed over 100 pieces for St. John the Divine in New York City, he'd sold the marble Lincoln for the Rotunda, he'd sold the Mares of Diomedes to the Metropolitan.
在最初的十年里，他为纽约市的圣约翰设计了 100 多件作品，他把大理石林肯卖给了圆形大厅，他把马雷斯的迪奥梅德斯卖给了大都会。
He'd done the Mackay statue in Reno, Nevada.
他在内华达州里诺市完成了麦凯雕像。
He'd done Sheridan in Washington DC.
他在华盛顿特区完成了谢里登。
I mean in the first ten years, he was doing all these things.
我的意思是，在最初的十年里，他做了所有这些事情。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: Every really great artist has something in their personality that they're able to impart into their work, that is unique and is only them.
约翰·豪瑟（John Houser），工作室助理之子：每一位真正伟大的艺术家的个性中都有一些东西，他们能够将这些东西传递到他们的作品中，这是独一无二的，只有他们自己才能做到。
With Borglum I see the personality when I touch those surfaces a lot of time, I often expect almost to feel a little glaze of electricity that's traversing across the form.
当我多次接触博格勒姆的表面时，我看到了他的个性，我常常期望能感觉到一点点电流穿过其形式。
There's a life to it.
它有生命。
There's a sense of movement.
有一种运动的感觉。
And, I think that they were done generally very quickly and very fast.
而且，我认为它们通常完成得非常快。
My father said that oftentimes he would come in and do something just like this and then it'd be done.
我父亲说，他经常进来做这样的事情，然后就完成了。
Sometimes he would even have his suit on and his Stetson, wearing his Stetson hat you know, and he would come in and model for 15 minutes and he would say, "Cast it," you know, and he'd walk out.
有时他甚至会穿上西装，戴上斯泰森帽，戴上斯泰森帽，你知道，他会进来当模特15分钟，然后他会说，“投吧”，你知道，然后他就会离开。
Narrator: Gutzon Borglum's most gripping creation .
旁白：格曾·博格勒姆最扣人心弦的创作。
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was Gutzon Borglum.
是格曾·博格勒姆。
From an obscure frontier boyhood, he'd made himself literate, continental, magnetic, a friend to the rich and famous — lord of a 500 acre estate in Connecticut.
从一个不起眼的边疆少年时代起，他就让自己成为有文化、有欧陆风情、有魅力的人，成为富人和名人的朋友——康涅狄格州一座 500 英亩庄园的领主。
He was also rough around the edges, sharp in places and apt to injure.
他的边缘也很粗糙，有些地方很锋利，很容易受伤。
His politics could be crude: anti-Semitic, anti- immigrant and racist.
他的政治观点可能很粗鲁：反犹太主义、反移民和种族主义。
Borglum lived a series of poses, each meant to call attention.
博格勒姆摆出了一系列姿势，每一个姿势都是为了引起注意。
And he found that nothing drew attention like a public scrap.
他发现没有什么比公开废话更能引起人们的关注了。
He skirmished with the rector of St. John the Divine, the mayor of New York, President Woodrow Wilson.
他与圣约翰教堂的教区长、纽约市长伍德罗·威尔逊总统发生了冲突。
"He was no mute, shrinking artist," said one friend.
“他不是沉默寡言、畏缩的艺术家，”一位朋友说。
"He knew how to answer back.
“他知道如何回应。
And the press loved him."
媒体也很喜欢他。”
Gutzon's harshest attacks were aimed at other artists.
格曾最严厉的攻击是针对其他艺术家的。
He called one a "pinhead sculptor," and claimed that most of the nation's public monuments were worthless .
他称其中一位为“针头雕塑家”，并声称该国大部分公共纪念碑毫无价值。
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and should be dynamited.
并且应该被炸毁。
This was America's colossal age, he said, and American artists should celebrate it.
他说，这是美国的伟大时代，美国艺术家应该庆祝它。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: An artist has a great many elements to work with, to create something aesthetic.
约翰·豪瑟（John Houser），工作室助理的儿子：艺术家需要运用很多元素来创造一些美感的东西。
You have the warmth and the coldness of color.
你有颜色的温暖和寒冷。
You have the smoothness and the roughness of texture.
你有纹理的光滑度和粗糙度。
You have the contrast from light and dark.
你有光与暗的对比。
You also have when you get to scale you find that scale is an aesthetic quality in itself.
当你达到规模时，你还会发现规模本身就是一种审美品质。
In other words, when you see something extremely large, it has an impact on you just because it's big.
换句话说，当你看到一个非常大的东西时，它会对你产生影响，因为它很大。
Narrator: Borglum understood that most Americans could not be moved by beauty alone.
旁白：博格勒姆明白，大多数美国人不能仅仅被美丽所感动。
"(Sheer mass) is emotional," he once wrote.
“（纯粹的质量）是情绪化的，”他曾经写道。
"There is something in sheer volume that awes and terrifies, lifts us out of ourselves."
“有一些巨大的东西让我们敬畏和恐惧，让我们摆脱自我。”
In 1915, the sculptor staked his reputation on the conviction that America demanded scale.
1915 年，这位雕塑家将自己的声誉押在美国需要规模的信念上。
That year, at a mountain in Georgia, he made bold to promise the Eighth Wonder of the World: a 400 foot high, one 1,500 foot wide monument to the confederacy.
那一年，在佐治亚州的一座山上，他大胆许诺建造世界第八大奇迹：为联邦建造一座高 400 英尺、宽 1,500 英尺的纪念碑。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: When Borglum was called down to Stone Mountain originally, he was invited to do a small bust of Lee and put it on top of the mountain.
约翰·豪瑟，工作室助理的儿子：当博格勒姆最初被叫到石山时，他被邀请制作李的一个小半身像并将其放在山顶上。
And he told the Daughters of the Confederacy, he said, putting a bust of Lee on top of that mountain would be like pasting a postage stamp on a barn door, you know, it's incongruous.
他告诉南部邦联的女儿们，把李的半身像放在山顶上就像在谷仓门上贴邮票一样，你知道，这是不协调的。
If you're going to talk about a mountain that size you have to talk about a piece of sculpture that's commensurate in one way or another.
如果你要谈论一座那么大的山，你就必须谈论一件在某种程度上与之相称的雕塑。
That sort of opened the door, I think, to him for mountain carving.
我想，这为他打开了山雕之门。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: Stone Mountain was the dream of Atlanta and the southerners who were down there, to have a commemorative memorial to Lee.
格曾·博格勒姆的女儿玛丽·埃利斯·维伊：石山是亚特兰大和那里的南方人的梦想，为李建立一座纪念馆。
But they didn't have any money.
但他们没有钱。
So, he mortgaged the place in Connecticut for a tremendous sum of money to get it started.
于是，他抵押了康涅狄格州的一块土地，换来了一大笔钱来开始创业。
Narrator: By then, Borglum was a new father — and he liked to keep his family close.
旁白：那时，博格勒姆已经是一位新父亲了——他喜欢与家人保持亲密关系。
So with his second wife, Mary, and their two small children, Lincoln and Mary Ellis, Borglum set up a second household in Georgia.
因此，博格勒姆与他的第二任妻子玛丽以及他们的两个孩子林肯和玛丽·埃利斯一起在佐治亚州建立了第二个家庭。
He gave up his smaller, more personal work — pipe dreams, he'd call them — and went to work at a scale no American artist had ever attempted.
他放弃了更小、更个人化的作品——他称之为白日梦——并以美国艺术家从未尝试过的规模进行创作。
The confederate monument turned out to be an exhilarating fight .
同盟纪念碑原来是一场激动人心的战斗。
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and nearly disastrous.
几乎是灾难性的。
After a decade of planning, fundraising and work, Borglum had completed less than a tenth of the carving.
经过十年的规划、筹款和工作，博格勒姆只完成了不到十分之一的雕刻工作。
The Stone Mountain Association fired Borglum, accusing him of "wasteful expenditures,' and an "ungovernable temper." In a fit of anger, Borglum destroyed his working models.
石山协会解雇了博格勒姆，指责他“浪费开支”和“难以控制的脾气。”一怒之下，博格勒姆摧毁了他的工作模型。
The association, claiming ownership of those models, swore out a warrant for his arrest.
该协会声称拥有这些模型，并宣誓对他发出逮捕令。
So at the beginning of 1925, Gutzon Borglum was a 57 year old fugitive .
1925年初，格曾·博格勒姆是一名57岁的逃犯。
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rheumatic, exhausted, publicly humiliated, and deeper in debt by the day.
风湿病、精疲力尽、公开羞辱，而且债务一天比一天深。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: After Stone Mountain fell apart, it was very hard scrabble a lot of the time, but Mother was the one that kept payments up and did the things that had to be done and cut corners when it was possible.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊（Mary Ellis Vhay），格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：《石山》崩溃后，很多时候拼字游戏都非常困难，但母亲一直坚持付款，做必须做的事情，并在可能的情况下偷工减料。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: Mary's letters would be how are we going to a divide up this $100, who needs to be paid this week, who's not going to be paid, and when is the next amount of money coming in.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特（Robin Borglum Carter），博格勒姆的孙女：玛丽的信会告诉我们如何分配这 100 美元，本周需要向谁付款，不会向谁付款，以及下一笔钱什么时候到账。
So they were down to the very nitty gritty.
所以他们只注重细节。
Narrator: Gutzon raced from Washington to North Carolina to Texas, trying to drum up new commissions, but the best offer fell from the sky.
旁白：格曾从华盛顿奔赴北卡罗来纳州，再到德克萨斯州，试图争取新的佣金，但最好的报价从天而降。
South Dakota's state historian, Doane Robinson, had seen newspaper accounts of people driving to Georgia just to see Gutzon's Stone Mountain carving.
南达科他州历史学家多恩·罗宾逊 (Doane Robinson) 曾在报纸上看到人们开车前往佐治亚州只是为了参观格曾 (Gutzon) 的石山雕刻。
Robinson's far off, nearly forgotten state was in dire need of a roadside attraction; and he thought this mountain carving business might be just the ticket.
罗宾逊这个遥远、几乎被遗忘的州迫切需要一个路边景点；他认为这山雕生意可能只是门票而已。
So Robinson wrote Borglum and asked him to consider a new project in the Black Hills, maybe statues of Lewis and Clark, Buffalo Bill, Chief Red Cloud — something to draw the tourists.
因此罗宾逊写信给博格勒姆，请他考虑在黑山进行一个新项目，也许是刘易斯和克拉克、布法罗比尔、红云酋长的雕像——一些吸引游客的东西。
Borglum took Robinson's suggestion and ran.
博格勒姆接受了罗宾逊的建议，逃跑了。
Western figures are too parochial, he announced; he would carve national heroes.
他宣称，西方人物太狭隘了。他会雕刻民族英雄。
The first three were no brainers: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln.
前三位是理所当然的：乔治·华盛顿、托马斯·杰斐逊、亚伯拉罕·林肯。
The fourth would be Borglum's great personal friend and political hero, Teddy Roosevelt.
第四位是博格勒姆的伟大私人朋友和政治英雄泰迪·罗斯福。
And Borglum said he would carve his presidents on Mount Rushmore, a site he chose for its broad face, and a southeastern exposure that guaranteed the most dramatic light.
博格勒姆表示，他将在拉什莫尔山上雕刻他的总统，他选择这个地点是因为山面宽阔，而且东南方向的曝光可以保证最引人注目的光线。
To his 12-year-old son, Lincoln, he confided: "Nothing but the Almighty can stop me from completing this task."
他对 12 岁的儿子林肯吐露道：“除了全能的上帝，没有什么能阻止我完成这项任务。”
John Taliaferro, Author: When he got the call to come to Mt. Rushmore this was a great chance to redeem himself, to do all the things he had ever wanted to do in a much larger scale than he'd even dared think about until that point.
约翰·塔利费罗（John Taliaferro），作家：当他接到前往拉什莫尔山的电话时，这是一个救赎自己的好机会，可以以比他当时不敢想象的规模更大的规模去做所有他想做的事情。
He could taste it from the second he got off the train in Rapid City.
从拉皮德城下火车的那一刻起，他就能尝到它的味道。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter : He had expected Stone Mountain to be the crowning achievement in his career, and here he was presented with a bigger crown.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊（Mary Ellis Vhay），格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：他原以为《石山》将成为他职业生涯中的最高成就，而在这里，他获得了更大的王冠。
It was going to be bigger, larger.
它会变得越来越大。
And all he needed to do was to get $1,000,000 or whatever, to do it.
他所需要做的就是获得 1,000,000 美元或其他什么，就可以做到这一点。
Narrator: Doane Robinson was thrilled, and happy to let Borglum have his way with the planning.
旁白：多恩·罗宾逊很激动，也很高兴让博格勒姆按自己的方式进行计划。
After all, he said, God only makes a Michelangelo or a Gutzon Borglum once every 1,000 years.
毕竟，他说，上帝每 1000 年才创造一次米开朗基罗或格曾·博格勒姆。
The remainder of the state was less enthusiastic; that Mount Rushmore stood on ground sacred to the Lakota Sioux wasn't even the big problem.
该州其他地区的热情不那么高。拉什莫尔山矗立在拉科塔苏族人神圣的土地上，这甚至不是一个大问题。
In the 1920s, South Dakotans simply didn't have a lot of spare cash for public monuments.
在 20 年代，南达科他州根本没有足够的闲钱来建造公共纪念碑。
A year after Borglum's plea for $50,000 seed money, locals had raised only $5,000.
博格勒姆请求 50,000 美元种子资金一年后，当地人只筹集到 5,000 美元。
And the proposed project hadn't exactly brought honor to the State; in fact, Mount Rushmore was a bit of a knee-slapper around the country.
拟议的项目并没有给国家带来荣誉；事实上，拉什莫尔山在全国各地都有点令人震惊。
"Borglum is about to destroy another mountain," wrote one newspaper back East.
“博格勒姆即将摧毁另一座山，”东部的一份报纸写道。
"Thank God it is in South Dakota where no one will ever see it."
“感谢上帝，在南达科他州，没有人会看到它。”
The sculptor had only one solid asset: South Dakota Senator Peter Norbeck.
这位雕塑家只有一项坚实的资产：南达科他州参议员彼得·诺贝克。
Peter Norbeck was the son of Norwegian immigrants, born in a sod dugout and raised poor on the South Dakota plains.
彼得·诺贝克是挪威移民的儿子，出生在一个草皮防空洞里，在南达科他州平原的贫困家庭长大。
He was stout, plain-spoken and quietly ambitious.
他身材魁梧，说话直率，而且默默地雄心勃勃。
As a young man, he'd made a fortune drilling wells, and then moved to politics.
年轻时，他通过打井发了财，然后转向政界。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Grandson of Sen.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，参议员的孙子。
Peter Norbeck: Grandpa Norbeck has been described as rough as the Norwegian, northern pines, but also with the soul of an artist.
彼得·诺贝克：诺贝克爷爷被形容为像挪威北方松树一样粗犷，但也有艺术家的灵魂。
His formal education was very limited, but somewhere in there he found the interest to pursue these more intellectual and artistic endeavors.
他所受的正规教育非常有限，但他在其中的某个地方发现了追求这些更具知识性和艺术性的努力的兴趣。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: He supported dad in everything.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊，格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：他在一切事情上都支持父亲。
He got very cross with him at times when dad would demand more money and had to have more money, but also I think that Senator Norbeck was a bridge between dad and the local people.
有时当爸爸要求更多的钱并且必须有更多的钱时，他会对他非常生气，但我也认为诺贝克参议员是爸爸和当地人之间的桥梁。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Grandson of Sen.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，参议员的孙子。
Peter Norbeck: He saw this as an opportunity to bring people to the Black Hills.
彼得·诺贝克：他认为这是一个将人们带到布莱克山的机会。
Any tourists, any people we could bring into South Dakota from the outside brought their wallet, their dollars with them, and any outside dollars in this state that could be brought in were desperately needed.
任何游客，任何我们可以从外面带入南达科他州的人都带着他们的钱包和美元，而这个州迫切需要任何可以带入的外部美元。
Narrator: What Norbeck did first was convince President Calvin Coolidge to spend the summer in the Black Hills, maybe take in the mountain scenery, do a little fishing.
旁白：诺贝克首先做的是说服卡尔文·柯立芝总统去布莱克山度过夏天，也许可以欣赏一下山景，钓鱼一下。
Even before Coolidge got to town, Rapid City was fevered with Babbitt-like boosterism.
甚至在柯立芝进城之前，拉皮德城就已经充满了巴比特式的支持主义。
And the Rapid City Commercial Club renewed their drive to raise cash for Senator Norbeck's carving.
拉皮德城商业俱乐部再次努力为参议员诺贝克的雕刻筹集资金。
By the time the President arrived, the Rushmore association had $42,000 in the bank -- and Borglum was in a lather too, planning a second (and more extravagant) dedication: one the President could attend, with the national press in tow.
当总统到达时，拉什莫尔协会的银行里已经有了 42,000 美元——而博格勒姆也正忙着筹划第二次（而且更奢侈的）落成典礼：总统可以在全国媒体的陪同下参加。
And on that August day, Silent Cal made a speech that surprised even Borglum.
八月的那个日子，沉默的卡尔发表了一场连博格勒姆都感到惊讶的演讲。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: He started out by saying.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：他一开始就说。
"We have come here to dedicate a cornerstone laid by the hand of the Almighty." Further in the speech he said, "The people of South Dakota had been bearing this burden so far," — which they had not — and he felt the Government ought to help.
“我们来到这里是为了奉献全能者之手奠定的基石。”他在演讲中进一步说道，“南达科他州人民迄今为止一直在承受这一负担”——但他们并没有——他认为政府应该提供帮助。
And this was the beginning of getting Government support.
这是获得政府支持的开始。
Narrator: With Coolidge's support, Norbeck pushed a bill through Congress authorizing federal matching funds for Mount Rushmore: one government dollar for every private dollar raised.
旁白：在柯立芝的支持下，诺贝克在国会推动了一项法案，授权联邦为拉什莫尔山提供配套资金：每筹集一美元，私人筹集一美元。
The problem was, in 1929, there had been only $50,000 raised.
问题是，1929 年，只筹集到了 5 万美元。
Still, with less than ten percent of his budget in hand, Gutzon Borglum rushed ahead, anxious to answer the big question: Could this colossal carving be done?
尽管如此，格曾·博格勒姆手头的预算还不到百分之十，他急于回答这个大问题：这个巨大的雕刻能完成吗？
It was 500 feet to the top of Mount Rushmore.
距拉什莫尔山山顶 500 英尺。
Nobody could be sure how much carveable granite existed beneath the richly creviced surface.
没有人能够确定在丰富的裂隙表面下存在多少可雕刻的花岗岩。
Long, frozen winters would make work nearly impossible four months a year.
漫长而冰冻的冬天使得一年中有四个月几乎无法工作。
Even more troubling to Borglum, was the pool of men available to do the work.
让博格勒姆更烦恼的是可以从事这项工作的人员数量。
Getting able bodies wasn't the hard part.
获得有能力的身体并不是困难的部分。
Jobs were scarce in the Black Hills in 1929, and Mount Rushmore offered some of the highest paying work around.
1929 年，布莱克山的工作机会稀缺，而拉什莫尔山却提供了一些周围薪资最高的工作。
But as dozens of men started to sign on, Borglum realized he was going to have to depend on locals -- the "untutored miners" he called them.
但随着数十名男子开始加入，博格勒姆意识到他将不得不依赖当地人——他称他们为“未经训练的矿工”。
Rex Alan Smith, Author : A lot of these guys were tough, rough, brawling kind of guys.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：这些人中的很多人都是强硬、粗暴、爱吵架的人。
They used to say that the Keystone boys playpens were fenced with barbed wire.
他们过去常说，基斯通男孩的游戏围栏是用铁丝网围起来的。
And that they only turned the other cheek when they were delivering a left hook.
当他们打出左勾拳时，他们只转过另一边脸。
Bob Hayes, Son of Worker: It didn't take too much training say to drill holes and so forth and run a jack hammer.
鲍勃·海耶斯（Bob Hayes），工人之子：不需要太多的培训，比如钻孔等以及操作凿岩机。
It just took a lot of guts, you might say.
你可能会说，这需要很大的勇气。
Some people went up there and worked one day, and I've been told, and that was all they wanted.
有些人有一天去那里工作，有人告诉我，这就是他们想要的。
They couldn't stand the height and the dust and so forth.
他们无法忍受高度和灰尘等等。
Nick Clifford, Worker: It was pretty tough for your first time going over there and hanging in the bosun chair and try to punch holes in the granite.
尼克·克利福德（Nick Clifford），工人：第一次去那里，坐在水手长椅上，试图在花岗岩上打孔，这非常困难。
It took a lot of practice.
这需要大量的练习。
And you didn't get much done your first day, I'll tell you that.
我告诉你，你第一天并没有完成多少事情。
Most of the jack hammers weighed about 40 or 50 pounds.
大多数凿岩机重约 40 或 50 磅。
And then you had to carry your steel with you also.
然后你还必须随身携带你的钢材。
So you had quite a load going down there.
所以你在那里有相当大的负担。
Glenn Bradford, Worker: The wind was always a blowin' and it'd be pretty gusty.
格伦·布拉德福德（Glenn Bradford），工人：风总是刮着，而且是阵风。
The wind always blew up there seems like.
风似乎总是在那里吹。
They was hangin' with a little three-eighths inch cable.
他们用一根八分之三英寸的小电缆悬挂着。
And that cable looked pretty small to me, to hold them guys up there.
对我来说，那根电缆看起来很小，无法将他们固定在那里。
And then they'd just shake pieces out of them when they'd turn them jack hammers on.
然后，当他们打开凿岩锤时，他们就会将其中的碎片抖落出来。
Narrator: Once the men had blasted off the surface rock, leaving a giant egg-shaped mass where Washington's face could be sculpted, Borglum spent days watching the light and shadow play on the expanse, then decided to rotate the face 20 degrees from his original plan.
旁白：当人们炸掉表面的岩石，留下一个巨大的蛋形物体，可以在其中雕刻华盛顿的脸时，博格勒姆花了几天时间观察光影在这片广阔的土地上的变化，然后决定将脸从他最初的计划旋转 20 度。
After that, the sculptor and assistants like Ivan Houser set to re creating the studio models on the side of the mountain.
之后，雕塑家和伊万·豪瑟等助手开始在山边重新创作工作室模型。
The commonly used methods didn't apply; the mountain was simply too big.
常用的方法不适用；这座山实在是太大了。
So Borglum turned the page back to a technique devised by the ancient Greeks.
因此，博格勒姆将这一页翻回古希腊人发明的技术。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: In doing a big piece of sculpture one of the problems of course is the enlarging.
约翰·豪瑟（John Houser），工作室助理的儿子：在制作一件大型雕塑时，问题之一当然是放大。
You're trying to locate points in space, and at one scale and then you try to locate those same points in space at another scale.
您尝试以一种比例在空间中定位点，然后尝试以另一种比例在空间中定位相同的点。
So what they did is, you have a beam coming straight out from a point that turns on a swivel, and you can note the degrees at which it is turned, and so as you turn the one on the little model and you can say it's off 30 degrees off to the right and it's out so many measurements and down so far and then in so far, and you can locate a specific point on Washington's cheek for instance.
所以他们所做的是，你有一束光束从一个旋转旋转的点直接射出，你可以记下它旋转的角度，所以当你在小模型上旋转光束时，你可以说它向右偏离了 30 度，它有很多测量值，向下到目前为止，然后再向内，例如，你可以找到华盛顿脸颊上的一个特定点。
So then you can do the same thing up on the mountain.
那么你可以在山上做同样的事情。
Nick Clifford, Worker: This is what they called honeycombing.
尼克·克利福德（Nick Clifford），工人：这就是他们所说的蜂窝状。
This was the next to the last step of finishing the faces.
这是完成脸部最后一步的下一步。
And they would drill these holes in.
他们会钻这些洞。
The pointers or Mr. Borglum would tell them how deep to drill the holes.
指针或博格勒姆先生会告诉他们钻孔的深度。
You can see they were taking off more rock down here than they were up here.
你可以看到他们在这里拆除的岩石比上面的更多。
And it was probably right close to the face, maybe it was on like on a cheek or something like that.
它可能就在脸附近，也许是在脸颊或类似的地方。
And they would take a sharp pointed piece of steel and they would hit in each one of these holes.
他们会拿一块锋利的尖头钢片敲击这些孔中的每一个。
Eventually this rock would pop off, and then they would use a bumping hammer — they called it bumping — and that would smooth the rock up just like it is today, that you see it on the mountain.
最终这块岩石会弹出，然后他们会使用撞击锤——他们称之为撞击——这会让岩石变得光滑，就像今天你在山上看到的那样。
Narrator : Independence Day, 1930, just more than a year from the day real work began, Gutzon Borglum revealed to the world the first great granite visage.
旁白：1930 年独立日，距离实际工作开始仅一年多，格曾·博格勒姆向世界展示了第一块巨大的花岗岩面貌。
July 5th, Mount Rushmore was a dateline in papers across the country.
7 月 5 日，拉什莫尔山成为全国报纸上的日期线。
Through that summer, newsreels of the dedication played at theaters nationwide.
那年夏天，全国各地的剧院都在播放有关奉献的新闻短片。
Suddenly, Rushmore was a fixed point in the American consciousness.
突然之间，拉什莫尔成为美国人意识中的一个固定点。
And as work on Washington continued, tourists began making the trek to the see the strange sight in the Black Hills.
随着华盛顿工程的继续进行，游客们开始长途跋涉前往布莱克山观赏这一奇特的景象。
In the first year alone, 27,000 people visited Mount Rushmore, now billed as "The Shrine of Democracy."
仅第一年，就有 27,000 人参观了拉什莫尔山，如今这座山被称为“民主圣地”。
The early success confirmed Borglum's every plan.
早期的成功证实了博格勒姆的每一个计划。
Now his men could race to the finish.
现在他的队员们可以冲向终点了。
The entire carving — four figures, each complete to the waist — would be done inside of four years, he figured .
他估计，整个雕刻——四个人物，每个人都完整到腰部——将在四年内完成。
.
。
.
。
He'd figured wrong.
他想错了。
Within weeks of the Washington dedication, bad news began to pile up.
在华盛顿落成典礼后的几周内，坏消息开始堆积起来。
Borglum had spent so much on the dedication ceremony that money ran out at the end of July, and work on the mountain slowed to a crawl.
博格勒姆在落成典礼上花了太多钱，以至于七月底钱就用完了，山上的工作也进展缓慢。
Rushmore's great champion, Senator Peter Norbeck, was diagnosed with cancer.
拉什莫尔的伟大拥护者、参议员彼得·诺贝克被诊断出患有癌症。
The next year, things only got worse.
第二年，情况变得更糟。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: They were aware of course that there were going to be, faults and cracks in the rock, some of them were hard to detect.
工作室助理的儿子约翰·豪瑟（John Houser）：他们当然知道岩石上会存在断层和裂缝，其中一些很难察觉。
In fact they started Jefferson off to Washington's right, and they found out there wasn't enough stone there.
事实上，他们让杰斐逊从华盛顿的右侧出发，但他们发现那里没有足够的石头。
The stone was too crumbly and it just wasn't of good quality.
这块石头太碎了，质量也不太好。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: They had to blast that off after 18 months of work, which must have been heart breaking to do that, as tight as money was, and then to blast off what they'd spent all that time doing.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特 (Robin Borglum Carter)，博格勒姆的孙女：他们必须在工作了 18 个月后完成这项工作，在资金紧张的情况下，这样做一定很令人心碎，然后又要完成他们花了所有时间做的事情。
Narrator: By the end of 1931, the Rushmore Association was $16,000 in the red, with little hope of raising more private money.
旁白：到 1931 年底，拉什莫尔协会亏损了 16,000 美元，筹集更多私人资金的希望渺茫。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Grandson of Sen.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，参议员的孙子。
Peter Norbeck : They had this almost double whammy.
彼得·诺贝克：他们几乎遭受了双重打击。
The entire country, in fact much of the world was wrapped up in this horrendous financial depression.
整个国家，事实上世界大部分地区都陷入了这场可怕的金融萧条之中。
Then on top of that was the Dust Bowl days.
然后最重要的是沙尘暴时期。
There was no rain; the farmers could raise no crops.
没有下雨；农民无法种植庄稼。
What little they could raise, it was almost impossible to market.
他们能筹集到的资金很少，但几乎不可能推向市场。
They were leaving the state in droves.
他们成群结队地离开这个州。
Those who stayed wondered why they were still here.
那些留下来的人想知道为什么他们还在这里。
And in 1932, the work at Rushmore had ground to a total halt.
1932 年，拉什莫尔工厂的工作完全停止。
And again there was the specter of this whole thing just never being completed.
再次有人担心这整件事永远不会完成。
Interviewer (archival): When do you think this work will be completed Mr. Borglum?
采访者（档案）：博格勒姆先生，您认为这项工作什么时候能完成？
Gutzon Borglum (archival): I'm trying to finish it so that the figures will be done by 1935 sufficiently .
Gutzon Borglum（档案）：我正在努力完成它，以便在 1935 年之前将数据充分完成。
.
。
.
。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: My father never wanted to admit any type of failure, and certainly he didn't want to admit it.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊，格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：我父亲从来不想承认任何类型的失败，当然他也不想承认。
I'm sure he did with mother, but he didn't with us.
我确信他对母亲这样做了，但他对我们没有。
I mean it was always going to be, everything was going to be all right.
我的意思是，一切都会好起来的。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: He didn't show any despair, even to Mary very much.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特，博格勒姆的孙女：他没有表现出任何绝望，甚至对玛丽也是如此。
One letter that I found where he was in Washington for months trying to get money for Rushmore and it was a bad time and he wrote to her and said, "I'm just sick about what's happening, but this is the time to be courageous." And you know I think his spirit just kept him going and Mary kept him going.
我发现他在华盛顿呆了几个月，试图为拉什莫尔筹集资金，那是一段糟糕的时光，他写信给她说：“我只是对正在发生的事情感到厌倦，但现在是勇敢的时候了。”你知道，我认为他的精神让他继续前进，玛丽也让他继续前进。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: I don't think he would have been able to carry on if it hadn't been for my mother.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊（Mary Ellis Vhay），格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：如果没有我的母亲，我认为他无法继续下去。
She was always there, not driving him, but building up his ego, making him aware that he was a great sculptor.
她总是在那里，不是驱使他，而是增强他的自我意识，让他意识到自己是一位伟大的雕塑家。
Narrator: Even in the darkest days of Rushmore, Gutzon never lacked for ego.
旁白：即使在拉什莫尔最黑暗的日子里，格曾也不缺乏自我。
People who held sway, he liked to keep them informed.
他喜欢让那些掌权的人随时了解情况。
Congressmen, Senators, oil tycoons, William Randolph Hearst, the Duke of Windsor -- he wired them all, and often collect.
国会议员、参议员、石油大亨、威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特、温莎公爵——他给他们所有人都发了电报，并且经常收集。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: He corresponded with anybody you could think of.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊（Mary Ellis Vhay），格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：他与你能想到的任何人都有通信。
And I mean from the heads of state on down to the practically the garbage men.
我的意思是从国家元首到垃圾工。
Probably not the garbage men because he probably hadn't paid them.
可能不是垃圾工，因为他可能没有付钱给他们。
Bob Hayes, Son of worker: He was coming across the state and he stopped at a little station and he wanted to fill up his car.
鲍勃·海斯 (Bob Hayes)，工人的儿子：他正穿越该州，在一个小车站停下来，想给车加油。
And the young station attendant, you know, said, "Well you know I have to have money first." He said "Well don't you know who I am?" And the attendant said, "I know exactly who you are.
你知道，年轻的车站服务员说：“你知道我首先要有钱。”他说：“你不知道我是谁吗？”服务员说：“我清楚地知道你是谁。
That's why I have to have the money first."
这就是为什么我必须先有钱。”
Rex Alan Smith, Author: He felt that he should have free gasoline if he wanted it, he saw movies without paying, and his personality was so powerful they let him go ahead and do it.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：他觉得如果他想要的话，他应该有免费的汽油，他不用付费就可以看电影，而且他的个性是如此强大，以至于让他可以继续这样做。
As he said many times, "I'm giving these people in the Black Hills an asset that'll bring in billions of dollars and they're persecuting me over a piddling parcel of groceries."
正如他多次说过的那样，“我给布莱克山的这些人带来了数十亿美元的资产，他们却为了一小包微不足道的杂货而迫害我。”
Narrator: Where money was concerned, Gutzon was fearless.
旁白：在金钱方面，格曾无所畏惧。
He spent himself and his projects into the hole today, convinced he could win more tomorrow.
他今天把自己和他的项目投入到了困境中，坚信明天他能赢得更多。
Dr. Karl Wegner: Borglum had this tendency to show up in Washington unannounced and appear before committees and attempt to schedule appointments with the president.
卡尔·韦格纳博士：博格勒姆倾向于未经事先通知就出现在华盛顿，出现在委员会面前，并试图安排与总统的会面。
He would give one set of financial projections to one committee or to one senator or to one congressman, and within a matter of hours or days come up with another set of figures, or he could say he could finish this project for $250,000, when everybody sitting in the room knew that there was no way in which that entire project could be completed for $250,000.
他会给一个委员会、一位参议员或一位国会议员提供一组财务预测，然后在几小时或几天内提出另一组数字，或者他可以说他可以以 250,000 美元完成这个项目，而坐在房间里的每个人都知道整个项目不可能以 250,000 美元完成。
John Houser, Son of studio assistant: A number of times my father and Borglum were in the Senate seeking funding for Mount Rushmore.
工作室助理的儿子约翰·豪瑟：我的父亲和博格勒姆多次在参议院为拉什莫尔山寻求资金。
So one time they were up in the balcony at the Senate, and the Bill was on the floor and one of the Senators stood up and he was raging against Borglum, and he was calling, "Why are we trying to appropriate funds for this crazy genius?" And then that triggered Borglum.
有一次，他们在参议院的阳台上，法案放在地板上，一位参议员站起来，对博格勒姆大发雷霆，他大声喊道：“我们为什么要为这个疯狂的天才拨款？”然后这触发了博格勒姆。
Borglum jumped to his feet, but before he could say anything my dad grabbed him by the coattails and pulled him down, and he said, "He called you a genius didn't he?"
博格勒姆跳了起来，但在他开口之前，我父亲抓住了他的衣领，把他拉了下来，他说：“他称你为天才，不是吗？”
Narrator: It was Senator Norbeck who saved Mount Rushmore -- with an assist from the deepening Depression.
旁白：诺贝克参议员在日益严重的大萧条的帮助下拯救了拉什莫尔山。
At the end of 1932, as the national economy slid downhill, President Herbert Hoover started passing out relief money.
1932年底，随着国民经济下滑，赫伯特·胡佛总统开始发放救济金。
And Norbeck snared a 100,000 federal dollars for jobs on the mountain.
诺贝克为在山上工作而获得了 10 万联邦资金。
Then he convinced the National Parks Service to take over the project, guaranteeing more funding.
然后他说服国家公园管理局接管该项目，保证提供更多资金。
In the spring of 1933, after nearly a year and a half of silence, work on the mountain began again.
1933年春，在沉寂了近一年半之后，登山工作再次开始。
And the central crew was back: Hoot Leach, Howdy Peterson and his brother Merle, Jimmy Champion, Whiskey Art Johnson, Palooka Payne.
核心人员也回来了：Hoot Leach、Howdy Peterson 和他的兄弟 Merle、Jimmy Champion、Whiskey Art Johnson、Palooka Payne。
They all knew they'd be shut down again for some reason, but they came back just the same.
他们都知道自己会因为某种原因再次被关闭，但他们还是回来了。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: One of the great miracles of Rushmore is the miracle of the men, those dedicated guys, the Red Andersons, the Hoot Leaches, the Peterson boys and so on who came back and came back and came back and came back.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯（Rex Alan Smith），作者：拉什莫尔最伟大的奇迹之一是男人们的奇迹，那些奉献的人，雷德·安德森兄弟，胡特利奇兄弟，彼得森男孩等等，他们回来了，回来了，回来了，又回来了。
Nick Clifford, Worker: Had they not come back, there would be no Mount Rushmore as we know it today because Mr. Borglum, it was impossible for him to train a new crew every year.
尼克·克利福德，工人：如果他们没有回来，就不会有我们今天所知的拉什莫尔山，因为博格勒姆先生，他不可能每年训练新的工作人员。
But these men were dedicated to the mountain.
但这些人都献身于这座山。
When the mountain would shut down for lack of money or in the wintertime, they'd all have to find another job.
当山因缺钱或冬天而关闭时，他们都必须另谋出路。
But when the spring would come around and they'd get the call to come back, they'd quit what they were doing and come back to work at the mountain.
但当春天到来时，他们接到了回来的电话，他们就会放弃手中的工作，回到山上工作。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: Red Anderson said, "At first it was just a job and just a crazy kind of a job at that." But as time went by, all of this started to change and they developed a sense, came together fused in a sense that they were creating a great thing.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯，作者：雷德·安德森说，“起初这只是一份工作，而且是一份疯狂的工作。”但随着时间的推移，所有这一切都开始发生变化，他们产生了一种感觉，融合在一起，感觉他们正在创造一件伟大的事情。
Narrator: The men stuck it out in spite of their boss -- the Chief they called him, but only behind his back.
旁白：这些人不顾他们的老板——他们称他为“酋长”，但只是在他背后坚持了下来。
Borglum rarely talked to his men, except to give orders.
除了下达命令之外，博格勒姆很少与他的部下交谈。
"He's a heckuva stone-carver," said one, "but he ain't no sweet-talker."
“他是一位出色的石雕师，”其中一位说道，“但他并不是一个甜言蜜语的人。”
Gutzon Borglum: I'm not satisfied with how it turns under there and comes against the collar.
Gutzon Borglum：我对它在下面转动并抵住衣领的方式不满意。
You go on down there Payne.
你继续往下走，佩恩。
I want those points very carefully examined.
我希望仔细检查这些要点。
I'll be down there in a few minutes.
几分钟后我就会到那里。
Mary Ellis Vhay, Gutzon Borglum's Daughter: Dad might get furious at them if they were stupid, cause he could not stand stupidity.
玛丽·埃利斯·维伊，格曾·博格勒姆的女儿：如果他们愚蠢，爸爸可能会对他们感到愤怒，因为他无法忍受愚蠢。
Anybody could make a mistake once, but not two or three times, and if they did two or three times he would usually have them fired.
任何人都可能犯一次错误，但不会犯两三次，如果犯了两三次，他通常会解雇他们。
And that was another job that Lincoln had because if it was a good man Lincoln would have to talk him into coming back again.
那是林肯的另一项工作，因为如果这是一个好人，林肯就必须说服他再次回来。
And then Dad would be sort of surprised to see him and he then he'd say "What have you been doing, Lincoln?"
然后爸爸看到他会有点惊讶，然后他会说：“你在做什么，林肯？”
Narrator: Lincoln Borglum, Gutzon's only son, was just 21 years old when the men went to work on the new Jefferson head.
旁白：林肯·博格勒姆（Lincoln Borglum）是格曾唯一的儿子，当他们开始为杰斐逊的新头像工作时，他才 21 岁。
But despite Lincoln's youth, Gutzon left his son in charge of the mountain during his long and frequent absences.
尽管林肯还很年轻，但格曾在他长期频繁缺席期间，还是让他的儿子负责管理这座山。
Nick Clifford, Worker: He grew up with the mountain.
尼克·克利福德（Nick Clifford），工人：他是和山一起长大的。
Working so close with his father, it just had to be catchy.
与父亲如此密切的合作，一定要引人入胜。
I mean he had a vision also of what the mountain was going to be like.
我的意思是，他对这座山也有一个愿景。
You would never see him sittin' down.
你永远不会看到他坐下来。
If you'd look up why Lincoln would be up on top looking down or lookin' at the faces, or where the men were carving.
如果你抬头看看，为什么林肯会在上面俯视，或者看着人们的脸，或者人们正在雕刻的地方。
He was all over the mountain.
他遍布整座山。
You never saw him get mad or to chew anyone out.
你从来没有见过他生气或者斥责任何人。
You could laugh with Lincoln and have a great time.
你可以和林肯一起欢笑，度过一段愉快的时光。
When we went on our baseball trips Lincoln would always go, and if we did something good, why, he'd pat us on the back and tell us what a good job we'd done.
当我们去棒球旅行时，林肯总是会去，如果我们做了什么好事，为什么，他会拍拍我们的背，告诉我们做得多么好。
And he was just a great guy.
他是一个很棒的人。
Narrator: Lincoln had a calm, easy manner his father relied on -- more than anything, to mend relationships Gutzon broke.
旁白：林肯有一种冷静、轻松的态度，这是他父亲所依赖的——最重要的是，他可以用来修复格曾破裂的关系。
And throughout the mid-thirties, Gutzon was more combative than ever.
整个三十年代中期，格曾比以往任何时候都更加好斗。
The Jefferson head continued to vex.
杰斐逊的头继续烦恼。
The men blasted down 60 feet to find carve-able rock, but even then, huge fissures cut through the face.
这些人向下炸开 60 英尺，寻找可雕刻的岩石，但即便如此，地面上仍然出现了巨大的裂缝。
And there was a mass of feldspar that had to be dug out, leaving a gaping hole on the president's lip.
还有一大块长石需要挖出来，在总统的嘴唇上留下一个大洞。
Using Borglum's concoction of white lead, linseed oil and granite dust, the men filled in the cracks and divots as best they could.
使用博格勒姆的白铅、亚麻籽油和花岗岩粉末的混合物，人们尽其所能地填补了裂缝和凹痕。
But it all took time and money.
但这一切都需要时间和金钱。
And with the National Parks Service now overseeing the project, it was up to a Rapid City farm implements dealer named John Boland to make sure money was spent according to federal guidelines — and not Gutzon's.
由于国家公园管理局现在正在监督该项目，因此需要由拉皮德城一位名叫约翰·博兰（John Boland）的农具经销商来确保资金的使用符合联邦指导方针，而不是格曾的指导方针。
When Borglum needed money, he had to go to Boland and beg, and the sculptor grew to resent it.
当博格勒姆需要钱时，他必须去博兰那里乞讨，而这位雕塑家对此越来越不满。
"I've got to go to Rapid City," he told Red Anderson one day, "and punch a certain son of a bitch right in the nose." Other days, Borglum threatened to walk away from Mount Rushmore entirely, leaving the unfinished monument like a scar on the Black Hills.
有一天，他对雷德·安德森说：“我得去拉皮德城，打一个王八蛋的鼻子。”其他时候，博格勒姆威胁要完全离开拉什莫尔山，让这座未完成的纪念碑像布莱克山上的一道伤疤一样。
With so much at stake, Senator Peter Norbeck's most critical job was handling the explosive and unpredictable artist.
面对如此多的利害关系，参议员彼得·诺贝克最重要的工作就是处理这位爆炸性且不可预测的艺术家。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Peter Norbeck's Grandson : Grandpa Norbeck was the one person whom Borglum respected enough to accept his judgment and conclusion about things.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，彼得·诺贝克的孙子：诺贝克爷爷是博格勒姆足够尊敬并接受他对事物的判断和结论的人。
And in a number of his heated arguments and conflicts with Boland in particular, but by no means confined to John Boland, Grandpa Norbeck was able to step in and resolve or at least partially resolve some of the conflicts.
在诺贝克爷爷的一些激烈争论和冲突中，尤其是与博兰（但绝不限于约翰·博兰）的冲突中，诺贝克爷爷能够介入并解决或至少部分解决一些冲突。
And then something would erupt all over again.
然后某些事情就会再次爆发。
Narrator: By the end of 1934, Peter Norbeck had had his fill.
旁白：1934 年底，彼得·诺贝克 (Peter Norbeck) 已经受够了。
His four-year fight with cancer had drained his energy and his good humor.
四年来与癌症的斗争耗尽了他的精力和幽默感。
"I have lately come to feel that you will do something that will prevent the completion of Rushmore," he wrote to Borglum.
“我最近感觉你会做一些会阻止《拉什莫尔》完成的事情，”他写信给博格勒姆。
"I have made over seven years of effort in this work.
“我在这项工作上付出了七年多的努力。
It has been a heavy drain on my strength and purse.
这极大地消耗了我的体力和钱包。
It keeps getting worse."
情况变得越来越糟。”
But even as cancer ate away at him, and took his ability to speak, Peter Norbeck would not let the Rushmore project fall apart; in 1935, he strode into the Senate one last time and won a new $200,000 appropriation.
但即使癌症吞噬了他，并夺走了他的说话能力，彼得·诺贝克也不会让拉什莫尔计划失败； 1935年，他最后一次大步走进参议院，并赢得了一笔新的20万美元拨款。
But he knew it would be his last big fight.
但他知道这将是他最后一场大战。
As the Senator neared death, he was philosophical.
当这位参议员濒临死亡时，他变得富有哲理。
"A week after I am gone, they will start to forget me.
“我离开一周后，他们就会开始忘记我。
A decade and most people of South Dakota will be unable to even recall my name." It was Borglum's name, he thought, that would endure.
十年后，南达科他州的大多数人都将记不起我的名字。”他想，博格勒姆的名字将会永垂不朽。
But in the summer of 1936 Peter Norbeck was front and center to see President Franklin Roosevelt dedicate the hard-won Jefferson sculpture.
但 1936 年夏天，彼得·诺贝克 (Peter Norbeck) 在最前排中央见证了富兰克林·罗斯福 (Franklin Roosevelt) 总统为来之不易的杰斐逊 (Jefferson) 雕塑落成典礼。
FDR (archival): There were two people who told me about this in the early days.
罗斯福（档案）：早期有两个人告诉我这件事。
One of them was Mr. Borglum.
博格勒姆先生就是其中之一。
And the other, Senator Norbeck.
另一位是诺贝克参议员。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Peter Norbeck's Grandson : It was one of the supreme days of my grandfather's life.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，彼得·诺贝克的孙子：那是我祖父一生中最辉煌的日子之一。
I think for him, I, at least I have wondered if it didn't become a little like that of Borglum, that this was one of the crowning accomplishments of his life, to have made this possible.
我认为对他来说，我，至少我想知道这是否有点像博格勒姆，这是他一生中最高的成就之一，使这成为可能。
As my grandfather had said that Mount Rushmore is no longer a joke, it's no longer a dream.
正如我祖父所说，拉什莫尔山不再是一个笑话，也不再是一个梦想。
It's real.
这是真的。
It's there.
它就在那里。
Nick Clifford, Worker: Mr. Borglum always complained that the people bothered him when he was doing his work but he would always stop and someone wanted to ask a question or something like that.
尼克·克利福德（Nick Clifford），工人：博格勒姆先生总是抱怨说，当他工作时，人们打扰了他，但他总是会停下来，有人想问问题或类似的问题。
He'd like to stop and talk to the people too, so he could explain what he was accomplishing.
他也想停下来与人们交谈，这样他就可以解释他所取得的成就。
He used to tell people, "The faces are in the mountain.
他曾经告诉人们：“面孔在山里。
All I have to do is bring them out."
我所要做的就是把他们带出来。”
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum : He never gave up seeing it as great art.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特，博格勒姆的孙女：他从未放弃将其视为伟大的艺术。
And a lot of people would argue with that, that it was more of an engineering project than anything else, but he really saw it as art -- that he was going to bring the life of those four people to the forefront, just as you would if you were doing a small statue of them.
很多人会对此提出异议，认为这更像是一个工程项目，而不是其他任何东西，但他确实将其视为艺术——他将把这四个人的生活带到最前沿，就像你在制作他们的小雕像一样。
John Taliaferro, Author: As you get closer to Mt. Rushmore you can almost see the thumb print of a sculptor's hand in clay.
约翰·塔利亚费罗 (John Taliaferro)，作者：当您靠近拉什莫尔山时，您几乎可以看到雕塑家在粘土上留下的拇指印。
Borglum would study it at different times of day, in different kinds of light, and, and make adjustments the way an artist would make adjustments with a little knife or with a little chisel in the studio: little fiddling things with the mountain that I'm sure cannot be seen from the observation deck today, but mattered only to Borglum.
博格勒姆会在一天中的不同时间，在不同类型的光线下研究它，并像艺术家在工作室里用小刀或小凿子进行调整一样进行调整：我确信今天从观景台上看不到这些小摆弄的东西，但只对博格勒姆重要。
Narrator: Even as he passed age 70, Gutzon Borglum was still trying to find ways to vivify his carving.
旁白：即使已经过了 70 岁，格曾·博格勒姆仍然在努力寻找让他的雕刻栩栩如生的方法。
In 1938 and 39, Abraham Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt were rounding into recognizable form, but the sculptor was still worrying every site and shading.
1938 年和 39 年，亚伯拉罕·林肯和泰迪·罗斯福的形象已逐渐成形，但雕塑家仍在担心每个地点和阴影。
"Have to climb down over the face of Washington and back up the face of Jefferson," he wrote.
“必须从华盛顿的表面爬下来，回到杰斐逊的表面，”他写道。
"I ought to be getting tired of it all, but I am not .
“我应该厌倦这一切，但我没有……”
.
。
.
。
I now see that I will be able to make a real work of art of this big group.
我现在看到我将能够为这个大团体创作出真正的艺术品。
Back in my heart that has been a doubt for many years.
回到我心里，这是多年来的一个疑问。
I really have no help in that; in that I am absolutely alone."
我对此确实无能为力；因为我绝对是孤独的。”
It was an image he cultivated, this lonely fighter's posture, but there were people whose contributions even Gutzon could not deny.
这是他塑造的形象，这个孤独的战士的姿态，但有些人的贡献甚至连古曾也无法否认。
Borglum may have devised the plan to give a twinkle to the presidential eyes, but it was the workmen who sculpted the two-foot long shafts of granite in the middle of each pupil, so that sunlight bouncing off the exposed point gave life to the eyes.
博格勒姆设计的计划可能是为了让总统的眼睛闪闪发光，但正是工人们在每个瞳孔的中间雕刻了两英尺长的花岗岩轴，这样阳光从暴露的点反射回来就给眼睛带来了活力。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum: Gutzon seems to have complained a lot about the unskilled workers that he was faced with, but actually he was very proud of the men and very proud of the fact that he'd been able to train these people who were miners and who were just local, who had never worked on a mountain before, didn't know anything about art and he'd been able to take them and train them into doing what he wanted done.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特（Robin Borglum Carter），博格勒姆的孙女：格曾似乎对他所面对的非技术工人抱怨很多，但实际上他为这些人感到非常自豪，并为他能够培训这些矿工而感到自豪，他们只是当地人，以前从未在山上工作过，对艺术一无所知，而他能够接受他们并训练他们做他想做的事情。
Rex Alan Smith, Author: There were things about him that bothered them very much, but down underneath they developed a loyalty, it's amazing, they developed a basic loyalty to Gutzon Borglum.
雷克斯·艾伦·史密斯，作者：关于他的一些事情让他们非常困扰，但在内心深处，他们产生了一种忠诚，令人惊奇的是，他们对格曾·博格勒姆产生了基本的忠诚。
With all his flamboyance, unpredictability, irascibility, there was some kind of a flame in the man, a charisma, a something that inspired a deeper loyalty.
尽管他浮夸、不可预测、易怒，但这个人身上却有某种火焰、一种魅力，一种激发更深层次忠诚的东西。
Narrator: By 1940, Gutzon Borglum had made himself someone extraordinary.
旁白：到 1940 年，格曾·博格勒姆 (Gutzon Borglum) 已成为非凡人物。
He was the man who carved mountains.
他是那个凿山的人。
And he stood America's highest peak .
他站在美国最高峰。
.
。
.
。
he had achieved celebrity -- even pitching ads for Studebaker and Bromo-Seltzer.
他名声大噪，甚至为 Studebaker 和 Bromo-Seltzer 投放广告。
Still, Gutzon saw so much to be done on his mountain.
尽管如此，格曾认为他的山上还有很多事情要做。
He meant to extend the sculptures down to the waist; was at work on a Hall of Records, a cavernous time capsule for storing the important documents of the American democracy.
他的意思是把雕塑延伸到腰部；正在建造一个记录大厅，这是一个巨大的时间胶囊，用于存储美国民主的重要文件。
But more than anything, he was still trying to transform his mountain into a work of art, fighting the one thing he couldn't beat: time itself.
但最重要的是，他仍在努力将他的山变成一件艺术品，与他无法战胜的一件事作斗争：时间本身。
At the beginning of 1941, the coming World War overwhelmed Mount Rushmore.
1941 年初，即将到来的世界大战席卷了拉什莫尔山。
After a dozen years, Congress finally cut off funding for good.
十几年后，国会终于永久切断了资助。
A week later, Gutzon Borglum was dead — suddenly and unexpectedly, at age 73 — from complications following surgery.
一周后，格曾·博格勒姆因手术并发症突然去世，享年 73 岁。
Dr. Karl Wegner, Peter Norbeck's Grandson : Lincoln Borglum, of course, had taken over after his father died.
卡尔·韦格纳博士，彼得·诺贝克的孙子：当然，林肯·博格勒姆在他父亲去世后接任了职务。
By then a major part of the work had been completed, but there was still a fair amount of trimming and cleaning up to do around the faces and, and the collars of and shoulders of some of the figures.
到那时，工作的主要部分已经完成，但仍然需要对一些人物的脸部、领子和肩膀进行大量的修剪和清理。
And the great hall of records which had been another great ambition and dream of Borglum's pretty much perished in the process.
博格勒姆的另一个伟大抱负和梦想——伟大的唱片大厅在这个过程中几乎消失了。
The work at Rushmore just sort of gradually drew to a close.
拉什莫尔的工作正逐渐接近尾声。
Narrator: It took 14 years to carve Mount Rushmore.
旁白：雕刻拉什莫尔山花了 14 年。
Men removed half a million tons of granite, driving 120 feet deep in places.
人们清除了 50 万吨花岗岩，在某些地方挖掘了 120 英尺深。
George Washington's face is 60 feet long, his nose 20, and each eye is 11 feet wide.
乔治·华盛顿的脸长 60 英尺，鼻子 20 英尺，每只眼睛宽 11 英尺。
Roosevelt's moustache is 20 feet across.
罗斯福的胡子有 20 英尺宽。
Lincoln's mole, 16 inches.
林肯的痣，16英寸。
The carving cost $989,992.32 — almost all of it from the United States treasury.
这件雕刻品花费了 989,992.32 美元——几乎全部来自美国财政部。
For the money, America got the biggest and oddest monument on the face of the earth — and one of the most compelling.
为了钱，美国得到了地球上最大、最奇特的纪念碑——也是最引人注目的纪念碑之一。
Since 1930, more than 50,000,000 people have made pilgrimage to the remote cliff-side Shrine.
自1930年以来，已有超过5000万人前往这座偏远悬崖边的神社朝圣。
Robin Borglum Carter, Granddaughter of Borglum : I think in some ways Mount Rushmore was the worst legacy that Gutzon Borglum could leave because he always will be known as the sculptor who did Mount Rushmore and yet at the time that he started the mountain, when he was 60 years old, he was well known for being a sculptor of beautiful monuments and beautiful pieces, and he was probably on his way to having a reputation as a great American sculptor.
罗宾·博格勒姆·卡特（Robin Borglum Carter），博格勒姆的孙女：我认为从某些方面来说，拉什莫尔山是格曾·博格勒姆留下的最糟糕的遗产，因为他总是被认为是拉什莫尔山的雕塑家，但在他开始建造拉什莫尔山的时候，当他60岁的时候，他以美丽的纪念碑和美丽的作品的雕塑家而闻名，他可能正在成为一位伟大的美国雕塑家。
I think that was really overshadowed by Rushmore.
我认为这确实被拉什莫尔黯然失色。
Nick Clifford, Worker: I look up on the mountain and I think of Mr. Borglum, what a great man he was, what a wonderful sculptor he was.
尼克·克利福德（Nick Clifford），工人：我抬头望着山，我想起了博格勒姆先生，他是一个多么伟大的人，他是一个多么出色的雕塑家。
I think of Lincoln, who was a friend to all of the men.
我想起林肯，他是所有人的朋友。
And then I think of all the men that I worked with and knew, and how dedicated these men were to the mountain, and they're all gone now.
然后我想起所有与我一起工作和认识的人，以及这些人对这座山的奉献精神，但他们现在都走了。
And I have to stop now.
我现在必须停下来。
Narrator: Like its sculptor, Mount Rushmore is loud, demanding of attention, and maddening.
旁白：就像它的雕塑家一样，拉什莫尔山喧闹、需要关注、令人发狂。
To naturalists, the carving is an eyesore; to native Americans, a desecration.
对于博物学家来说，雕刻是碍眼的；对于美洲原住民来说，这是一种亵渎。
It stands as a monument to energy and possibility, to national pride and an often unbecoming national self-satisfaction.
它是一座能量和可能性、民族自豪感和常常不合时宜的民族自我满足感的纪念碑。
And like the biggest and boldest creations in America, Mount Rushmore was not built on good intentions alone.
就像美国最大、最大胆的创造一样，拉什莫尔山的建造并非仅仅出于良好的意图。
It also stands as a monument to the colossal, sometimes wounding, and surprisingly contagious ambition of a single man.
它也是一座纪念碑，纪念一个单身汉的巨大、有时令人受伤、且具有惊人感染力的野心。
Gutzon Borglum (archival): I am allowing an extra three inches on all the features of the various Presidents in order to provide stone for the wear and tear of the elements, which cuts the granite down one inch every 100,000 years.
格曾·博格勒姆（档案）：我允许在各个总统的所有特征上额外增加三英寸，以便为元素的磨损提供石材，这使得花岗岩每十万年减少一英寸。
Three inches would require 300,000 years to bring the work down to the point that I would like to finish it.
三英寸需要三十万年才能将这项工作降低到我想要完成的程度。
In other words, the work will not be done for another 300,000 years, as it should be.
换句话说，这项工作还需要三十万年才能完成，而本应如此。
In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge and Grace Coolidge arrived in Rapid City, South Dakota for a summer away from Washington, D.C.
1927 年，卡尔文·柯立芝总统和格蕾丝·柯立芝离开华盛顿特区，抵达南达科他州拉皮德城避暑。
Plenty of "expedient exaggerations" surrounded the filming of scenes for Hitchcock's acclaimed thriller North by Northwest at Mount Rushmore in 1958.
1958 年，希区柯克广受好评的惊悚片《西北偏北》在拉什莫尔山的拍摄场景存在大量“权宜夸张”。
John Boland, a local businessman, was Gutzon Borglum's nemesis in the creation of Mount Rushmore.
当地商人约翰·博兰 (John Boland) 是格曾·博格勒姆 (Gutzon Borglum) 在建造拉什莫尔山时的死对头。
Among his first ideas about carving Mount Rushmore into the likenesses of American presidents, the sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, insisted that there should be an explanatory inscription, which he called the Entablature.
雕塑家格曾·博格勒姆 (Gutzon Borglum) 在他关于将拉什莫尔山雕刻成美国总统肖像的最初想法中，坚持认为应该有一个解释性的铭文，他称之为“柱顶”。
Gutzon Borglum constantly complained that he had to use miners to carve his masterpiece, rather than artists.
格曾·博格勒姆不断抱怨他不得不使用矿工而不是艺术家来雕刻他的杰作。
Grandson of William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison managed to unseat Grover Cleveland in the 1888 election.
作为威廉·亨利·哈里森的孙子，本杰明·哈里森在 1888 年大选中成功击败了格罗弗·克利夫兰。
In 2002, America Experience held a competition asking viewers to send in their own inscriptions for Mount Rushmore.
2002年，美国体验举办了一场竞赛，要求观众提交自己为拉什莫尔山题词。
Some of the most famous images of Mount Rushmore are from Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 classic spy movie, North by Northwest .
拉什莫尔山的一些最著名的图像来自阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克 1959 年的经典间谍电影《西北偏北》。
The Governor of South Dakota signed the Mount Harney bill, allowing for the carving of a monument in Custer State Park in 1925.
1925 年，南达科他州州长签署了哈尼山法案，允许在卡斯特州立公园雕刻一座纪念碑。
The Black Hills are sacred to the Lakota Sioux, the original occupants of the area when white settlers arrived.
布莱克山对于拉科塔苏族人来说是神圣的，他们是白人定居者抵达时该地区的原始居住者。
Where in South Dakota, Borglum wondered, do you find a whole crew of workmen who know how to carve a mountain into work of art?
博格勒姆想知道，在南达科他州的什么地方，你能找到一整群知道如何将一座山雕刻成艺术品的工人吗？
Senator Peter Norbeck was Mount Rushmore's great political patron and helped raise almost a million dollars for the project.
参议员彼得·诺贝克是拉什莫尔山的伟大政治赞助人，帮助为该项目筹集了近一百万美元。