Reagan

Ronald Reagan (archival) : You know, I received an invitation that said please come to Ellis Island July 4th for the hundredth birthday celebration of an American institution.

罗纳德·里根（档案）：你知道，我收到了一份邀请函，上面写着请于 7 月 4 日来埃利斯岛参加一家美国机构的百岁生日庆典。

Somebody goofed.

有人犯傻了

My birthday is not until February.

我的生日要到二月才过。

Narrator: : On July 4th, 1986 as he lit a refurbished Statue of Liberty, Ronald Reagan was at the height of his prestige.

旁白：1986 年 7 月 4 日，当罗纳德·里根点燃翻新后的自由女神像时，他正处于声望的顶峰。

Many wondered which American icon was being celebrated.

许多人想知道哪个美国偶像正在受到庆祝。

Ronald: Reagan (archival) : Tonight we pledge ourselves to each other and to the cause of human freedom, the cause that has given light to this land and hope to the world.

罗纳德：里根（档案）：今晚，我们向彼此以及人类自由事业宣誓，这项事业给这片土地带来了光明，给世界带来了希望。

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan saw America as a special place, a shining city on a hill set by God between two oceans as a beacon of freedom to the rest of the world.

旁白：罗纳德·里根认为美国是一个特殊的地方，是上帝在两片大洋之间的一座山上的一座闪亮的城市，是世界其他地方的自由灯塔。

Robert Dallek, Historian: Reagan is brilliant at creating a kind of rapport with the country, appealing to its better angels, appealing to the native optimism which is so much a part of our culture and our tradition.

历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：里根非常擅长与国家建立一种融洽的关系，吸引更好的天使，吸引本土的乐观主义，这是我们文化和传统的一部分。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: When he was asked, on the eve of his election, "What is it, Governor, that people see in you?" : And Reagan responds, "Would you laugh if, if I told you that they look at me and they see themselves."

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：在当选前夕，当他被问到“州长，人们在你身上看到的是什么？” ：里根回答道：“如果我告诉你，他们看着我，就像看到了自己，你会笑吗？”

Dr. Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility: I didn't understand why people had this adulation for him.

海伦·卡尔迪科特医生，社会责任医师协会：我不明白为什么人们对他如此崇拜。

I thought he could possibly press the button.

我想他可能会按下按钮。

Yeah.

是的。

I was terrified.

我很害怕。

George F.

乔治·F.

Will, Columnist: If you seek his monument look around at what you don't see.

专栏作家威尔：如果你寻找他的纪念碑，请看看周围你看不到的东西。

You don't see the Berlin Wall.

你看不到柏林墙。

You don't see the Iron curtain from Stetin to Trieste.

从斯德廷到的里雅斯特，你看不到铁幕。

Narrator: : He was America's most ideological President in his rhetoric yet pragmatic in his actions.

旁白：他是美国最有思想性的总统，他的言辞和行动都是务实的。

He believed in balanced budgets but never submitted one.

他相信平衡预算，但从未提交过。

He hated nuclear weapons but built them by the thousands.

他讨厌核武器，但却制造了数千枚核武器。

He would write checks to a poor person as he cut the benefits of many.

他会向穷人开支票，同时削减许多人的福利。

He united the country with renewed patriotism.

他以新的爱国主义团结了国家。

But his vision of America alienated millions.

但他对美国的看法却疏远了数百万人。

He preached family values but presided over a dysfunctional family.

他宣扬家庭价值观，但却主持着一个功能失调的家庭。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: You're not going to figure him out.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：你无法理解他。

That's the first thing you need to know.

这是你需要知道的第一件事。

I don't think he figured himself out.

我认为他还没有弄清楚自己。

I haven't figured him out.

我还没搞清楚他

I don't know anybody who has figured him out.

我不知道有谁了解过他。

Anthony Lewis, Columnist: There is this mystery about Reagan that pervades everything, which is, how much was he aware of what he was doing?

安东尼·刘易斯，专栏作家：关于里根，有一个贯穿一切的谜团，那就是，他对自己在做什么的了解程度如何？

Narrator: : Inattentive to detail and often disengaged, Reagan led a revolution based on a few simple ideals -- to free Americans from big government and the world from communist oppression.

旁白：：里根不注重细节，而且常常心不在焉，他领导了一场基于几个简单理想的革命——让美国人摆脱大政府的束缚，让世界摆脱共产主义的压迫。

Herbert E.

赫伯特·E。

Meyer, Special Assistant to CIA Director: Before Reagan, every western leader had the same strategic objective regarding the Soviet Union which is to not lose.

中央情报局局长特别助理迈耶：在里根之前，每一位西方领导人对苏联都有一个相同的战略目标，那就是不输。

Reagan came in and he said, I don't want to play to not lose.

里根进来说，我不想为了不输而打球。

I want to play to win.

我想为胜利而战。

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: He's tough.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：他很强硬。

He braces to talk to you.

他准备好和你说话。

He's confrontational.

他是对抗性的。

Not unpleasant but confrontational.

不是不愉快，而是对抗。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: I often think of him as a nice soft silky pillow, and you could touch it and feel it, it was very nice.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：我经常认为他是一个柔软的丝质枕头，你可以触摸它并感觉到它，非常好。

But if you decided, well, let's take a hard punch and you hit it hard, you would find in the middle a solid steel tempered bar.

但如果你决定，好吧，让我们用力一拳，然后用力击打，你会发现中间有一根实心钢条。

Ah, that was the real Ronald Reagan.

啊，那是真正的罗纳德·里根。

That was the essence of Reagan.

这就是里根的本质。

Narrator: : As President, Ronald Reagan evoked a simpler place and a simpler time.

旁白：：作为总统，罗纳德·里根唤起了一个更简单的地方和更简单的时间。

Small towns, patriotic values, family, and community.

小城镇、爱国价值观、家庭和社区。

An idealized America that no longer was.

理想化的美国已不复存在。

That perhaps never was.

也许从来都不是。

Even for Ronald Reagan.

即使对于罗纳德·里根来说也是如此。

He was born in 1911 on the main and only street of Tampico, Illinois; in circumstances so poor that years later, while visiting his birthplace, "he visibly recoiled.

1911 年，他出生在伊利诺伊州坦皮科市的主要且唯一的街道上。几年后，当他回到自己的出生地时，他的处境如此贫困，“他明显地退缩了。

"His father, Jack, was a shoe salesman with a taste for whiskey who spent his life in search of his big break.

“他的父亲杰克是一名鞋子推销员，喜欢威士忌，一生都在寻找自己的重大突破。

From age 4, Dutch -- as his parents called him -- lived the life of a gypsy.

从 4 岁起，达奇（他父母这样称呼他）就过着吉普赛人的生活。

Every year a new town.

每年都有一个新城镇。

New neighbors.

新邻居。

Friends left behind.

朋友们留下了。

Dutch had nowhere to go, except within.

除了内部，达奇无处可去。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: Always in childhood you will see this distance in a group of small-town school children little Ronnie would always be sitting with his face on his left hand.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记：在童年时期，你会在一群小镇学童身上看到这种距离，小罗尼总是把脸放在左手上坐着。

A remote little boy who somehow held himself aloof from everybody else.

一个偏僻的小男孩，不知为何与其他人保持着距离。

He carried this distance, this remoteness, this aloofness right through.

他把这种距离、这种遥远、这种冷漠贯穿始终。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: On the one hand he is one of the warmest, most amiable, gentlemanly, kindest people you'd ever want to meet.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：一方面，他是你想见到的最热情、最和蔼可亲、最有绅士风度、最善良的人之一。

And yet he has almost no close friends.

然而他几乎没有亲密的朋友。

I mean really, in fact, no close friends.

我的意思是，事实上，没有亲密的朋友。

Narrator: : Reagan would rarely speak of the pain of his childhood.

旁白：：里根很少谈论他童年的痛苦。

He would recall it as "one of those rare Huck Finn -Tom Sawyer idylls.

他回忆道，这是“罕见的《哈克·芬-汤姆·索亚历险记》中的田园诗之一。

There were woods and mysteries, life and death among the small creatures, hunting and fishing; those were the days when I learned the real riches of rags."

这里有森林和神秘，小动物之间的生与死，狩猎和捕鱼；那些日子我才领悟到破布的真正财富。”

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: I think it's that kind of willful optimism in the face of reality, as experienced and defined by others ah that tells you a lot about Ronald Reagan and perhaps even is one clue to understanding his presidency.

理查德·诺顿·史密斯，里根图书馆前馆长：我认为正是这种面对现实时的任性乐观，正如其他人所经历和定义的那样，它告诉你很多关于罗纳德·里根的事情，甚至可能是理解他的总统任期的一条线索。

Narrator: : Dutch was nine years old when the family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois.

旁白：：当达奇九岁时，全家最终在伊利诺伊州迪克森定居。

A town of 8,000, Dixon was the essence of "Main Street" America.

迪克森是一个拥有 8,000 人的小镇，是美国“大街”的精髓。

Reagan would remember it as "a small universe where I learned standards and values that would guide me for the rest of my life."

里根将其视为“一个小宇宙，我在那里学到了指导我余生的标准和价值观”。

Robert Dallek, Historian: It was the era of Calvin Coolidge's presidency.

历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：那是卡尔文·柯立芝担任总统的时代。

The values that Coolidge espoused were small-town, church-going, rugged individualism, the old 19th century values of America.

柯立芝所信奉的价值观是小镇、去教堂、粗犷的个人主义，这些都是 19 世纪美国的古老价值观。

It's a time when Americans are particularly drawn to this small town world, because it's beginning to pass.

这是美国人特别被这个小镇世界所吸引的时代，因为它已经开始过去了。

It's beginning to be eclipsed by the rise of American cities.

它开始因美国城市的崛起而黯然失色。

Narrator: : The 1920s were a time of change and opportunity, even for the unpredictable Jack.

旁白： 1920 年代是一个充满变革和机遇的时代，即使对于难以预测的杰克来说也是如此。

He opened his own shoe store, The Fashion Boot Shop, which became a popular spot in downtown Dixon.

他开设了自己的鞋店“The Fashion Boot Shop”，成为迪克森市中心的热门场所。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: His father loved to tell stories.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：他的父亲喜欢讲故事。

Stand outside his store and schmooze with whoever...

站在他的商店外面，和任何人闲聊……

whoever walked past.

无论是谁走过。

In fact, Reagan said that his father was the best storyteller he ever knew.

事实上，里根说他的父亲是他所认识的最好的讲故事的人。

Narrator: : Jack had a weakness Dutch had long known about but never confronted.

旁白：：杰克有一个弱点，达奇早就知道但从未面对过。

"I was eleven years old the first time I came home to find my father flat on his back on the front porch...He was drunk, dead to the world.

“我第一次回家时才十一岁，发现父亲仰面躺在前廊上……他喝醉了，对世界失去了兴趣。

His hair soaked with melting snow...I bent over him, smelling the sharp odor of whiskey...I managed to drag him inside and get him to bed."

他的头发被融化的雪浸湿了……我弯下腰，闻到了威士忌的刺鼻气味……我设法把他拖了进去，让他上床睡觉。”

Robert Dallek, Historian: One of the threads I see running through Ronald Reagan's career is a great attraction to autonomy, to independence, to freedom.

历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：我认为贯穿罗纳德·里根职业生涯的主线之一是对自治、独立和自由的巨大吸引力。

And I think a lot of this was a reaction against the fact that his father had this dependency on a substance and that he couldn't control himself.

我认为这很大程度上是对他父亲对某种物质有这种依赖并且他无法控制自己这一事实的反应。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He would never say anything negative about his father, but the moral disdain behind what he would say is, was quite palpable.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris）：他永远不会说任何关于他父亲的负面言论，但他所说的话背后的道德蔑视是相当明显的。

He thought of his father, in other words, as a man with a weakness, who should have been strong enough to conquer it.

换句话说，他认为他的父亲是一个有弱点的人，他应该坚强到足以克服它。

Narrator: : Reagan's mother, Nelle, a devout Christian, became his moral compass.

旁白：：里根的母亲内尔是一位虔诚的基督徒，成为他的道德指南针。

With her guidance he began to take charge of his life.

在她的指导下，他开始掌控自己的生活。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He happened to read a novel which his mother had picked up somewhere called That Printer of Udell's .

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：他碰巧读到了一本小说，是他母亲在某个地方捡到的，名叫《尤德尔的那个印刷厂》（That Printer of Udell's）。

It's the story of a young man born in a rather ugly industrial midwestern town, who discovers through, um, a series of bitter experiences with an alcoholic father, who discovers that he has got the gift of oratory.

这是一个出生在一个相当丑陋的工业中西部小镇的年轻人的故事，他通过，嗯，与酗酒的父亲的一系列痛苦经历发现，他发现自己有演讲的天赋。

And through his good looks and his voice and his convictions he manages to create a whole social movement in this town.

通过他的英俊外表、他的声音和他的信念，他成功地在这个镇上掀起了一场社会运动。

The young man, Dick Falkner goes off to Washington to take his message to the world.

年轻人迪克·福克纳前往华盛顿向世界传达他的信息。

He went to his mother when he finished that book, and he said, "I want to be like that man, and I want to be baptized."

当他读完那本书后，他去找他的母亲，他说：“我想要像那个人一样，我想要受洗。”

Narrator: : Reagan embraced his mother's faith; based on good works, the bible, and the belief that the hand of God guides daily life.

旁白：：里根接受了他母亲的信仰；基于善行、圣经以及上帝之手引导日常生活的信念。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: I think it's easy to underestimate the place that fundamentalist Christianity plays in Reagan's life.

里根图书馆前馆长理查德·诺顿·史密斯：我认为人们很容易低估原教旨主义基督教在里根生活中的地位。

It's a cynical age and when we heard that the President didn't go to church on Sunday, we wrote him off as a, as a phony evangelical.

这是一个愤世嫉俗的时代，当我们听说总统周日没有去教堂时，我们把他视为一个假福音派人士。

In fact, from his mother, he imbibed deeply a fundamentalist faith.

事实上，他从母亲那里深深地吸收了原教旨主义信仰。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: She gave him this sort of sense of destiny which was a huge, ah, part of it.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作家：她给了他这种命运感，这是其中很大的一部分。

You know, if you know you're going to be a great man, you don't have to fret and worry about it because, the opportunity will come and seize you.

你知道，如果你知道自己会成为一个伟人，你就不必烦恼和担心，因为机会会来抓住你的。

Narrator: : Nelle's Church, the Disciples of Christ, became the center of Reagan's life.

旁白：：内尔教堂，基督的门徒，成为里根生活的中心。

He led prayer meetings, taught Sunday school -- even dated the minister's daughter, Margaret Cleaver.

他主持祈祷会、教主日学——甚至和牧师的女儿玛格丽特·克利弗约会。

Reagan was determined to live a story book life of an American youth.

里根决心过上美国青年故事书般的生活。

He played football, excelled in swimming, and often had the lead in school dramas.

他踢足球，擅长游泳，并且经常在学校戏剧中担任主角。

He would later remember those days as the happiest in his life.

他后来回忆起来，那段日子是他一生中最快乐的时光。

But life was sweetest two miles upstream from Dixon -- on the Rock River, where Dutch Reagan was the lifeguard.

但在距离迪克森上游两英里的罗克河上，生活是最甜蜜的，达奇·里根是那里的救生员。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: "The Rock River flows for you tonight, Mr. President." It was something a radio announcer said to him after he was elected.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：“总统先生，罗克河今晚为您而流。”这是他当选后一位电台播音员对他说的话。

It came over the airwaves and I've never forgotten that.

它是通过电波传播的，我永远不会忘记这一点。

"The Rock River flows for you tonight, Mr. President." I think the Rock River was the central symbol of his youth.

“总统先生，今晚罗克河为您流淌。”我认为罗克河是他青年时代的中心象征。

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan is remembered as actor, governor, president.

旁白：：罗纳德·里根作为演员、州长、总统而被人们铭记。

But it was on the Rock River that he first discovered the role he came to love best.

但正是在《罗克河》中，他第一次发现了他最喜欢的角色。

Helen Lawton, Dixon Resident: I can remember him yet, very bronzed with his life guard sign on his swimsuit, and a whistle around his neck, where he watched all of the younger kids so they wouldn't get into trouble.

海伦·劳顿（Helen Lawton），迪克森居民：我还记得他，古铜色的泳衣上有救生员标志，脖子上挂着口哨，他看着所有年幼的孩子，以免他们遇到麻烦。

We just all remember him as lifeguard.

我们都记得他是救生员。

That's the way so many of us do.

我们很多人都是这样做的。

Narrator: : Every day, Dutch arrived at Lowell Park at dawn, fetched 100 pound blocks of ice, stocked the snack bar and, for the next 10 hours, watched swimmers negotiate the currents of the Rock River.

旁白： 每天，达奇都会在黎明时分到达洛厄尔公园，取来 100 磅的冰块，将冰块装进小吃店，并在接下来的 10 个小时里，观看游泳者在罗克河的水流中漂流。

During his six summers as lifeguard, he pulled 77 people from the water.

在担任救生员的六个夏天里，他将 77 人从水中救了出来。

Dr. Lamar Wells, Dixon Resident: He always went up and cut a notch in the log after he pulled them out and they weren't probably all gonna die, y'know, and they all weren't gonna drown but they were in serious shape out there.

拉马尔·威尔斯医生，迪克森居民：他把它们拉出来后，总是上去在圆木上切一个槽口，它们可能不会全部死掉，你知道，它们也不会全部被淹死，但它们在外面的情况很严重。

They needed help to get out of the water because of the river current.

由于河水湍急，他们需要帮助才能离开水面。

And 77 is his count, and there were 77 notches in the log out there.

他的计数是 77，日志上有 77 个凹口。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The poignant thing about the Rock River is that in his dotage, after he left the White House, when he began to lose his mind, the one thing he would still want to talk about was his days as a lifeguard on the Rock River.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：关于罗克河的令人心酸的事情是，在他年老时，离开白宫后，当他开始失去理智时，他仍然想谈论的一件事就是他在罗克河上担任救生员的日子。

He had a picture in his office of the spot where he used to stand as a boy.

他的办公室里有一张他小时候站过的地方的照片。

And he would say, "you see, that's where I used to be a lifeguard.

他会说，“你看，那是我曾经当救生员的地方。

I saved 77 lives there." His subsequent career, his subsequent political career at any rate, was devoted to the general theme of rescue.

我在那里拯救了 77 条生命。”他随后的职业生涯，至少是他随后的政治生涯，致力于救援这一总主题。

Narrator: In 1928, at a time when few Americans went to college, Reagan attended Eureka College, run by the Disciples of Christ.

旁白：1928 年，当时很少有美国人上大学，里根就读于基督门徒开办的尤里卡学院。

He majored in sociology and economics.

他主修社会学和经济学。

"I got poor marks," Reagan later admitted.

“我的成绩很差，”里根后来承认。

"(But) I copped off the lead in most plays.

“（但是）我在大多数比赛中都取得了领先。

And in football I won three varsity sweaters."

在橄榄球比赛中，我赢得了三件校队毛衣。”

Reagan graduated from Eureka in 1932.

1932年，里根从尤里卡大学毕业。

It was the depths of the Great Depression.

那是大萧条的最深处。

But it took Reagan only six weeks to find a job.

但里根只用了六周就找到了工作。

At WOC Radio.

在 WOC 电台。

Later he moved to Des Moines, to work as a sportscaster.

后来他搬到得梅因，担任体育广播员。

Life was easy for Ronald Reagan.

罗纳德·里根的生活很轻松。

He had money, independence and the time to learn to ride.

他有钱、有独立性，还有时间学习骑马。

For the next four summers, using only statistics coming through telegraph, Reagan transported his listeners to the bleachers of Wrigley Field with his vivid recreations of baseball games he never saw.

在接下来的四个夏天里，里根仅使用通过电报传来的统计数据，通过生动再现他从未见过的棒球比赛，将听众带到瑞格利球场的看台上。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: If you look at where Reagan is really a master communicator it really is on radio.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：如果你看看里根真正是一位沟通大师，那确实是在广播上。

If you think about Reagan's career as an actor and as a President and as a speaker, just generally, he was a powerful recreator.

如果你想想里根作为演员、总统和演说家的职业生涯，总的来说，他是一位强大的再现者。

He recreated our experiences.

他重现了我们的经历。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: I remember Hugh Sidey telling me that when he was a child in Iowa in the '30s, in the Dust Bowl years, he used to hear Ronald Reagan's voice coming over the airwaves, and he said -- just doing baseball commentary, but he said there was something about that voice that gave me as a child the feeling that life was going to get better.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记：我记得休·赛迪（Hugh Sidey）告诉我，当他还是个孩子的时候，在 30 年代的爱荷华州，沙尘暴时期，他经常听到广播中传来罗纳德·里根的声音，他说——只是做棒球评论，但他说那个声音让我小时候感觉生活会变得更好。

Narrator: : Reagan had long dreamed of becoming an actor and in 1937 he went to Hollywood.

旁白：：里根一直梦想成为一名演员，并于 1937 年前往好莱坞。

He recalled the moment he stepped onto the set of his first film "Love is on the Air." "I was surrounded by a wall of light which gave me a feeling of privacy that completely dispelled any nervousness I might have expected."

他回忆起自己踏入第一部电影《爱在空中》片场的那一刻。 “我被一堵光墙包围着，这给了我一种私密的感觉，完全消除了我可能预期的任何紧张感。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: Reagan has always liked to be looked after.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记：里根一直喜欢被照顾。

He likes to have a Jack Warner in charge of the finances.

他喜欢让杰克·华纳（Jack Warner）来负责财务。

He likes to have a wardrobe mistress and a supporting cast.

他喜欢有一位衣橱女主人和一群配角。

He likes to be surrounded by the busyness of a great commercial enterprise.

他喜欢被大型商业企业的忙碌所包围。

And that's where I think Ronald Reagan became a corporate person.

我认为这就是罗纳德·里根成为企业人士的地方。

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan would make more than 50 films.

旁白：：罗纳德·里根拍摄了 50 多部电影。

And only in one did he play the villain.

他只在其中一部中扮演反派。

Robert Dallek, Historian: Reagan loved the hero's role because he fantasized himself as a heroic figure.

罗伯特·达莱克，历史学家：里根喜欢英雄的角色，因为他幻想自己是一个英雄人物。

The first time his mother sees him in the first film he plays in, she looks at the screen and she says, "that's my Dutch," and what she's speaking to is the idea that he's himself on the screen, that he's in a sense playing out the fantasy that he has, that he's very comfortable with.

当他的母亲第一次在他出演的第一部电影中看到他时，她看着屏幕说，“那是我的荷兰人”，她所说的是他自己在屏幕上的想法，从某种意义上说，他正在发挥他所拥有的幻想，他对此感到非常舒服。

Narrator: : Reagan was becoming a box office draw.

旁白：：里根正在成为票房吸引力。

Guaranteed work and steady pay, he brought Nelle and Jack to California and bought them the only home they ever owned.

有了有保障的工作和稳定的工资，他把内尔和杰克带到了加利福尼亚，并给他们买了他们唯一拥有的房子。

In 1940 he married a promising young actress, Jane Wyman.

1940 年，他与一位有前途的年轻女演员简·怀曼 (Jane Wyman) 结婚。

Ron and Jane became the darlings of the Warner Bros.

罗恩和简成为华纳兄弟的宠儿。

publicity machine.

宣传机。

A valuable asset for an industry preoccupied with its image.

对于一个注重形象的行业来说，这是一项宝贵的资产。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: They were always worried, the people around the studios, that some whiff of scandal involving their bright stars would cause people to stop turning up en masse at the box office, or the Legion of Decency would turn on them or something like that.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：电影公司周围的人总是担心，一些涉及他们明星的丑闻会导致人们不再集体出现在票房上，或者正派军团会针对他们或类似的事情。

Reagan and Wyman were real, you know.

你知道，里根和怀曼是真实存在的。

They were in love, they were wholesome, people liked to look at them.

他们相爱，他们健康，人们喜欢看他们。

If they wanted to celebrate the marriage, Reagan was willing, so they did.

如果他们想庆祝结婚，里根愿意，所以他们就这么做了。

Narrator: : With their daughter Maureen, and their adopted son Michael, the Reagans were promoted as the perfect Hollywood family.

旁白： 里根家族凭借他们的女儿莫琳和养子迈克尔，被宣传为完美的好莱坞家庭。

Edwin Meese, Chief of Staff to Governor Reagan: Ronald Reagan came up from middle America.

里根州长的幕僚长埃德温·米斯：罗纳德·里根来自美国中部。

He came up in the movies in a time when most of the movies were designed to make people feel good when they left rather than feel sad.

他出现在电影中的那个时代，大多数电影的目的都是让人们在离开时感觉良好，而不是感到悲伤。

He reflected these kinds of qualities.

他体现了这些品质。

Narrator: : Reagan was cast as football legend George Gipp in Knute Rockne All American.

旁白：：里根在《克努特·罗克尼全美国》中饰演足球传奇人物乔治·吉普。

It was his first major film -- the one that earned him the nickname "The Gipper." In 1940 he played opposite screen giant Errol Flynn in Santa Fe Trail .

这是他的第一部主要电影——这部电影为他赢得了“吉普”的绰号。 1940年，他在《圣达菲小径》中与银幕巨人埃罗尔·弗林演对手戏。

But the height of his acting career was as Drake McHugh in King's Row .

但他演艺生涯的巅峰是在《国王大道》中饰演德雷克·麦克休。

By the time King's Row opened, America was at war.

当国王大道开业时，美国正处于战争之中。

And so was Ronald Reagan.

罗纳德·里根也是如此。

But only on the screen.

但仅限于屏幕上。

Reagan spent the war making training films at Culver City, less than 10 miles from home.

战争期间，里根在距离家乡不到 10 英里的卡尔弗城拍摄训练影片。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He certainly loved -- learned and loved -- to wear a uniform.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记：他当然喜欢——学会并且喜欢——穿制服。

To act like a soldier.

表现得像个士兵。

To salute properly.

正确地行礼。

There was nothing he enjoyed more as President than saluting.

作为总统，没有什么比敬礼更让他享受的了。

As commander in chief, he would do that little extra flip to the salute, which you hardly ever see in the Armed Services anyway, it was a real Hollywood salute.

作为总司令，他会在敬礼时做一点额外的翻转，无论如何你在武装部队中几乎看不到这种敬礼，这是真正的好莱坞敬礼。

But it meant a great deal to him.

但这对他来说意义重大。

Narrator: : Hollywood emerged from World War II with a new understanding of the power of movies in shaping American views.

旁白： 第二次世界大战后，好莱坞对电影在塑造美国观点方面的力量有了新的认识。

Many who had mobilized in support of the war now turned their attention to other causes.

许多曾动员起来支持战争的人现在将注意力转向其他事业。

"I blindly joined every organization," Reagan wrote, "that would guarantee to save the world." As a Liberal Democrat, he spoke on issues ranging from the dangers of atomic weapons to racial equality.

“我盲目地加入了每一个组织，”里根写道，“这将保证拯救世界。”作为一名自由民主党人，他就从原子武器的危险到种族平等等问题发表了讲话。

If he knew some of his associates were Communists, he did not seem to care.

即使他知道他的一些同事是共产党员，他似乎也不在乎。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: He's involved in these, you know, leftist organizations where the Communists clearly were struggling for control.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：你知道，他参与了这些左翼组织，共产党人显然在这些组织中争夺控制权。

The Communists valued Hollywood.

共产党人看重好莱坞。

Reagan is one of these people who would dismiss this, who would dismiss the Communist conspiracy, the Communist threat.

里根是那些会驳斥这一点、驳斥共产主义阴谋、共产主义威胁的人之一。

And then when he, when he became convinced that it was real, he over-dramatized it and overreacted to it.

然后，当他确信这是真实的时，他过度戏剧化了它并对它反应过度。

Narrator: : There had long been Communists in Hollywood --writers and directors quietly exercising their influence in relative freedom.

旁白：：好莱坞长期以来一直有共产主义者——作家和导演在相对自由的情况下悄悄地发挥他们的影响力。

But as the United States and the Soviet Union slid into the Cold War, they were eyed with growing suspicion.

但随着美国和苏联陷入冷战，人们对它们的怀疑与日俱增。

Reagan confronted Communist activism in 1946, when as a member of the Screen Actor's Guild board he was asked to mediate a dispute between rival unions.

1946 年，里根面对共产主义激进主义，当时作为美国演员工会董事会成员，他被要求调解敌对工会之间的争端。

One was led by a rumored Communist, Herb Sorrel.

其中一个由传闻中的共产党人赫伯·索雷尔（Herb Sorrel）领导。

Sorrel's union went on strike.

索雷尔的工会举行罢工。

"The leadership does not want a settlement." Reagan concluded.

“领导层不希望达成和解。”里根总结道。

"It stands to gain by continued disorder and disruption."

“它会通过持续的混乱和破坏而获益。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: Reagan liked order, stability and security.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：里根喜欢秩序、稳定和安全。

And the fact that they were involved in physical violence at the studio gate, which he personally experienced: buses being overturned, windows smashed, stones thrown, bottles brandished, some bloodshed.

事实上，他们在工作室门口发生了身体暴力，他亲身经历过：公共汽车被掀翻、窗户被砸碎、投掷石块、挥舞瓶子，还有一些流血事件。

The fact that he personally witnessed this, personally experienced it, associated it with red, as he would have said, red domination of the union.

事实上，他亲眼目睹了这一点，亲身经历了这一点，并将其与红色联系在一起，正如他所说的，红色对工会的统治。

That's what turned him.

这就是让他转变的原因。

Narrator: : Sorrel and Reagan went head to head.

旁白：：索雷尔和里根正面交锋。

When Reagan crossed the picket line outside Warner Bros., Sorrell called for a boycott of his movies.

当里根越过华纳兄弟电影公司外的纠察线时，索雷尔呼吁抵制他的电影。

Reagan was called a Fascist.

里根被称为法西斯主义者。

An anonymous phone caller threatened to disfigure his face so he could never act again.

一个匿名电话威胁要毁掉他的脸，这样他就再也不能行动了。

He began carrying a gun.

他开始携带枪。

"Now I knew from first hand experience how Communists used lies, deceit and violence to advance the cause of Soviet expansionism," Reagan later recalled.

“现在我从第一手经验中知道共产党人如何利用谎言、欺骗和暴力来推进苏联的扩张主义事业，”里根后来回忆道。

Robert Dallek, Historian: He's the heroic figure battling against Communism.

罗伯特·达莱克，历史学家：他是反对共产主义的英雄人物。

It's not simply that he's fighting against communism, but he's rescuing the Screen Actor's Guild.

他不仅是在反对共产主义，而且是在拯救演员工会。

He's rescuing Hollywood, he's helping to rescue the country from the communist menace.

他正在拯救好莱坞，他正在帮助这个国家摆脱共产主义的威胁。

Jack Dales, Executive Director, SAG: His effort was to deny them any real foothold in our guild.

杰克·戴尔斯（Jack Dales），美国演员工会执行董事：他的努力是为了阻止他们在我们行会中获得任何真正的立足点。

For example I recall at one membership meeting as he addressed the audience, he said, "you know, of course, that we have some communists here." And he pointed.

例如，我记得在一次会员会议上，当他向观众讲话时，他说：“当然，你知道我们这里有一些共产党员。”他指着。

"They're going to try to make 11 or 12 people sound like hundreds." And he fought all the way.

“他们会尝试让 11 或 12 个人听起来像数百人。”并且他一路战斗。

Very hard and very diligently and I think successfully.

非常努力，非常勤奋，我认为成功了。

Narrator: : Reagan became an informant for the FBI.

旁白：：里根成为联邦调查局的线人。

And in 1947, as President of the Screen Actor's Guild, he testified as a friendly witness before the House of Un-American Activities Committee.

1947 年，作为演员协会主席，他作为友好证人在众议院非美活动委员会作证。

Reagan (archival): : "I will be frank with you that as a citizen I would hesitate, or I would not like to see any political party outlawed on the basis of its political ideology.

里根（档案）：“我坦白地告诉你，作为一名公民，我会犹豫，或者我不希望看到任何政党因其政治意识形态而被取缔。

Because we've spent 170 years in this country on the basis that democracy is strong enough to stand up and fight for itself against the inroads of any ideology, no matter how much we may disagree with it.

因为我们在这个国家度过了 170 年，其基础是民主足够强大，能够站起来并为自己而战，反对任何意识形态的入侵，无论我们多么不同意它。

However, if it is proven that this organization is the agent of a foreign power, or is in any way not a legitimate political party, and I think the Government is capable of doing that, if the proof is there, then that is another matter.

不过，如果证明这个组织是外国势力的代理人，或者不是一个合法的政党，而我认为政府有能力这样做，如果有证据的话，那就另当别论了。

"

”

Narrator: : Ten writers and directors were sentenced to prison, not for being Communists, but for refusing to cooperate with the Committee.

旁白：：十位作家和导演被判入狱，不是因为他们是共产党员，而是因为拒绝与委员会合作。

They and many others were included in a "black list" and denied work.

他们和其他许多人被列入“黑名单”并被拒绝工作。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Reagan went along with the blacklist.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：里根赞同黑名单。

Now, I don't think this is, I don't think he descended the moral depths or anything.

现在，我不认为这是，我不认为他下降了道德的深度或任何东西。

He did what most people did and he did it somewhat more reluctantly and somewhat more slowly than most of them.

他做了大多数人所做的事情，但他比大多数人更不情愿，也更慢一些。

But the fact is, is that the blacklist is a blemish.

但事实是，黑名单是一个硬伤。

Narrator: : Reagan had discovered his first political passion -- anti-Communism.

旁白：：里根发现了他的第一个政治热情——反共产主义。

He paid a high price for his obsession.

他为自己的痴迷付出了高昂的代价。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Reagan came home and was told, this is over.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：里根回到家后被告知，一切都结束了。

The marriage is over.

婚姻结束了。

And that he was totally stunned by it, that he was, it was like he was hit by a ton of bricks and it was a very very hard thing for him to accept or get over.

他对此完全震惊了，就像他被一大堆砖头击中一样，这对他来说是一件非常非常难以接受或克服的事情。

Narrator: : "Perhaps I should have let someone else save the world," he later wrote, "and saved my own home."

旁白：“也许我应该让别人来拯救世界，”他后来写道，“并拯救我自己的家。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: Reagan was in deep depression.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：里根陷入了深深的抑郁之中。

He'd lost his wife, he breaks his leg in an amateur baseball game and is hospitalized for most of 1949.

他失去了妻子，在一场业余棒球比赛中摔断了腿，1949 年的大部分时间都在医院里度过。

And by the time he hobbled out of the hospital on crutches he was a changed man.

当他拄着拐杖一瘸一拐地走出医院时，他已经变了一个人。

And I remember him saying once over dinner, telling the story of that awful year.

我记得他在晚餐时说过一次，讲述了那糟糕的一年的故事。

"And then along came Nancy Davis and saved my soul."

“然后南希·戴维斯出现了，拯救了我的灵魂。”

Narrator: : When Ronald Reagan met Nancy Davis she was a young actress under contract at MGM.

旁白：：当罗纳德·里根遇见南希·戴维斯时，她是米高梅签约的年轻女演员。

Wealthy and socially well-connected, she shared with Ronald the experience of an insecure childhood.

她富有且社会关系广泛，她与罗纳德分享了不安全的童年经历。

Abandoned by her father, Nancy was left in the care of an aunt while her mother, actress Edith Lucket, toured the country.

南希被父亲遗弃，由姨妈照顾，而她的母亲、女演员伊迪丝·卢克特则在全国各地巡演。

Nancy was eight when Edith married a prominent Chicago neurosurgeon, Loyal Davis.

当伊迪丝与一位著名的芝加哥神经外科医生洛亚尔·戴维斯结婚时，南希八岁。

Almost overnight, she entered a world of privilege.

几乎一夜之间，她进入了一个特权的世界。

In 1949 when she was mistakenly included on a list of Hollywood Communists, Nancy sought Ronald Reagan's help to clear her name.

1949 年，南希被错误地列入好莱坞共产主义者名单，她寻求罗纳德·里根的帮助来洗清自己的罪名。

They were married in a private ceremony in 1952.

1952年，他们在一次私人仪式上结婚。

Seven months later, Patti was born.

七个月后，帕蒂出生了。

Patti Davis, Daughter: My parents have about as close a relationship as I've ever seen anyone have.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：我父母的关系是我见过的最亲密的。

They really, sort of, complete the complete each other.

他们确实在某种程度上使彼此变得完整。

They're kind of two halves of a circle.

它们就像是一个圆的两半。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: He's a guy who is almost impossible to dislike.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：他是一个几乎不可能让人不喜欢的人。

Who always thinks the best of people.

谁总是把人往好处想。

Can't believe that anybody who's, you know, ever met him, would ever want to do anything bad to him, ah, would ever want to go behind his back, would ever want to stab him in the back.

不敢相信任何人，你知道，曾经见过他，会想对他做任何坏事，啊，会想在他背后，会想在背后捅他一刀。

Um, that's just not within his realm of...

呃，这根本就不在他的权限范围之内……

of thinking.

的思考。

He just can't conceive of it.

他简直无法想象。

Nancy on the other hand is...

另一方面，南希是……

is far more cunning about that sort of stuff.

对这类事情要狡猾得多。

Ah, she has no trouble understanding stabbing in the back.

啊，她很容易理解背后捅刀子。

Stuart Spencer, Senior Political Adviser: The best way to describe their relationship politically was that you know he was the CEO, he was the boss, and she was the Personnel Director.

斯图尔特·斯宾塞（Stuart Spencer），高级政治顾问：从政治角度描述他们关系的最佳方式是，你知道他是首席执行官，他是老板，而她是人事总监。

As they went through life it was always Nancy who had to take a look at you.

在他们的一生中，南希总是不得不看着你。

She'd research you.

她会研究你。

She'd find out about you so she spent all of her time looking for people that would serve her man well.

她会发现你的情况，所以她把所有的时间都用来寻找能很好地为她的男人服务的人。

Narrator: : With Nancy as his partner, Reagan resumed his life.

旁白：：在南希的陪伴下，里根重新开始了自己的生活。

As President of the Screen Actor's Guild he earned a reputation as a tough and skillful negotiator battling studios and producers.

作为美国演员工会主席，他在与制片厂和制片人的较量中赢得了强硬而熟练的谈判者的声誉。

But as an actor, he was failing.

但作为一个演员，他是失败的。

In the early 50s he was cast in unmemorable roles; in unmemorable films like "Cattle Queen of Montana." Opposite a chimpanzee in "Bedtime for Bonzo." "Hellcats of the Navy "-- with Nancy -- was a flop.

20世纪50年代初，他出演了一些不太令人难忘的角色。在《蒙大拿牛女王》等令人难忘的电影中。 《邦佐的就寝时间》中与黑猩猩相对。与南希合作的《海军地狱猫》失败了。

Maureen Reagan, Daughter: : It was a very bad time, he was about as low as he could get at that point.

莫琳·里根（Maureen Reagan），女儿：：那是一段非常糟糕的时光，他当时的情绪已经达到了最低点。

He just couldn't.

他就是做不到。

He couldn't understand why a career that he loved so much and felt that he had been good to and at was slipping through his fingers.

他不明白，为什么他如此热爱并觉得自己一直擅长的职业却从他的指缝中溜走。

Narrator: : Reagan took a job at the "Last Frontier Hotel" in Las Vegas, singing and dancing in a third rate vaudeville show.

旁白：里根在拉斯维加斯的“最后边境酒店”找到了一份工作，在三流杂耍表演中载歌载舞。

Nancy Reagan: : He rolled with it.

南希·里根：：他顺其自然。

But it hurt, of course, when the career dried up, of course it hurt, it would anybody.

但当然，当职业生涯枯竭时，这会很痛苦，当然会很痛苦，任何人都会如此。

But he, again, he'd get back to the deep belief that everything happens for a reason.

但他再次坚定地相信一切的发生都是有原因的。

And that whatever happened to him there was a reason for it.

无论发生在他身上的是什么，都是有原因的。

Narrator: : Reagan was rescued from obscurity when General Electric signed him to host a weekly television series, "GE Theater," at an annual salary of $125,000.

旁白： 当通用电气以 125,000 美元的年薪签下里根主持每周电视连续剧“GE 剧院”后，里根从默默无闻中解救出来。

Every Sunday evening, Ronald Reagan visited Americans in their living rooms.

每个周日晚上，罗纳德·里根都会到美国人的客厅里拜访他们。

Reagan (archival): : Our play tonight, is about a home away from home, a problem facing one of our military families on occupation duty overseas.

里根（档案）：：我们今晚的演出是关于一个家外之家，这是我们在海外执行占领任务的军人家庭面临的一个问题。

Now to Col.

现在到上校。

Wheeler, a doctor in the regular army, home is wherever he is quartered at the convenience of the government.

惠勒是一名正规军医生，只要政府方便，他驻扎的地方就是他的家。

Narrator: : His role as celebrity spokesman took him to GE plants across the country.

旁白： ：他作为名人代言人的角色把他带到了通用电气在全国各地的工厂。

After 17 years in Hollywood, Reagan was reacquainting himself with America .

在好莱坞待了 17 年后，里根重新认识了美国。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: GE was perfect for him.

卢·坎农 (Lou Cannon)，传记作者：通用电气非常适合他。

And the reason it was is that he was able to get out on the road and talk to people at a long distance from anybody else, speeches that were rarely covered, and if covered at all, were covered in the hometown newspaper.

原因是他能够走在路上，与其他人相隔很远的地方交谈，这些演讲很少被报道，即使有报道，也会被家乡的报纸报道。

And there were no national coverage.

而且没有全国范围的报道。

And he was able to, he was free to make mistakes.

他能够做到，他可以自由地犯错误。

It was a kind of apprenticeship that isn't there for most people, and he made the most of it.

对于大多数人来说，这是一种学徒期，但他充分利用了它。

Narrator: : Initially, Reagan regaled his listeners with anecdotes about Hollywood and his fight against Communists.

旁白：最初，里根向听众讲述了好莱坞的轶事以及他与共产党人的斗争。

But soon his speeches broadened to include other concerns.

但很快他的演讲范围就扩大到了其他问题。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: This was a company that was basically a middle class company.

传记作者 Lou Cannon：这家公司基本上是一家中产阶级公司。

Most of the workers identified with the middle class and a lot of them identified with the concerns of management that there were too many restrictions on them.

大多数工人认同中产阶级，其中许多人认同管理层对他们的限制太多的担忧。

Narrator: : Reagan picked up on the grumblings of GE executives and employees, angry about government intrusion and rising taxes.

旁白：里根注意到了通用电气高管和员工的抱怨，他们对政府的干预和税收的增加感到愤怒。

"I realized the enemy was big government," he later wrote.

“我意识到敌人是大政府，”他后来写道。

Reagan had found his political mission.

里根找到了他的政治使命。

He would fight Communism and big government.

他将与共产主义和大政府作斗争。

He delivered his message with evangelical zeal across the nation.

他以福音派的热情向全国传达了他的信息。

After eight years on the GE circuit Reagan emerged as a recognized conservative spokesman.

在通用电气任职八年后，里根成为公认的保守派发言人。

Now a wealthy man, he was able to provide for his family "The California Dream."

现在他是一个富有的人，能够养家糊口，实现“加州梦”。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: He's always wanted a ranch and almost always had one.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根，儿子：他一直想要一个牧场，而且几乎总是拥有一个。

That would probably have been the place where all of us probably spent the most time with him.

那可能是我们所有人和他在一起度过最多时间的地方。

He made sure we all had horses at a relatively early age.

他确保我们在很小的时候就拥有了马。

Patti Davis, Daughter: I have a lot of happy memories with my father when I was younger and I was, I tried to keep up with him athletically because it was, you know, something I loved, but it was also a way to spend time with him.

帕蒂·戴维斯，女儿：当我年轻的时候，我和父亲有很多快乐的回忆，我努力在运动方面跟上他的步伐，因为这是我喜欢的事情，但这也是与他共度时光的一种方式。

Both my brother and I learned to swim probably before we could walk.

我和我的兄弟可能在学会走路之前就学会了游泳。

My father, having been a lifeguard, believed that you just learned to swim and then you are not ever gonna get into trouble.

我父亲曾是一名救生员，他相信只要学会游泳，就永远不会遇到麻烦。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: So he made sure that we had swimming lessons and he also used to test us every once in a while.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根，儿子：所以他确保我们上游泳课，他还时不时地对我们进行测试。

You know, throw us.

你知道，扔我们。

Just to see if we could react quickly, and you know and not panic, and you know be able to find the side.

只是看看我们是否能够快速反应，你知道而不是惊慌，你知道能够找到一边。

And he would play with us in the pool and we'd ride on his back and all that kind of stuff.

他会和我们一起在游泳池里玩耍，我们会骑在他的背上等等。

Patti Davis, Daughter: He used to give birthday parties for either me or Ron out at the ranch and hire a man who had this trick horse or who could I don't know count with his hooves or something, I don't know.

帕蒂·戴维斯，女儿：他过去常常在牧场为我或罗恩举办生日派对，并雇了一个拥有这匹马的人，或者我不知道谁会用他的蹄子数数什么的，我不知道。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: The fact that it was this horse.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根，儿子：事实上，就是这匹马。

There was always the same guy with the same horse and the same dog.

总是同一个人、同一匹马和同一只狗。

The same Dalmatian and the same pinto pony birthday party after birthday party at the Malibu ranch, whether it was Patti or me there he'd be.

在马里布牧场举行的生日派对上，同样的达尔马提亚狗和同样的斑马马生日派对，无论是帕蒂还是我，他都会参加。

Patti Davis, Daughter: It was sort of that Ozzie and Harriet kind of home.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：这有点像奥齐和哈丽特的家。

No family is entirely harmonious.

没有一个家庭是完全和谐的。

I mean, Ozzie and Harriet weren't harmonious in their real life either.

我的意思是，奥齐和哈丽特在现实生活中也不和谐。

Of course it's not, of course not.

当然不是，当然不是。

But that's what we wanted to think families were in the 50s.

但这就是我们想要认为的 50 年代的家庭。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: We were conscious, I think, growing up, all of us, I know I was, that there were really two sets of people, two definite and distinct sets of people involved in the family.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：我想，我们所有人在成长过程中都意识到，家庭中确实有两类人，两类明确且截然不同的人。

There was my mother and father, and there was everybody else.

有我的父母，还有其他人。

And that while we were all part of the family, when push came to shove there was a distinction to be made.

虽然我们都是这个家庭的一员，但到了紧要关头，我们就需要做出区分。

That you know it really wasn't like, you know, be seen and not heard, but it was you know we were expected to put ourselves in second place to whatever they were doing.

你知道，这确实不像是被人看到而不被听到，但你知道我们应该把自己放在他们所做的事情的第二位。

Announcer (archival): : Ladies and Gentlemen we take pride in presenting a thoughtful address by Ronald Reagan.

播音员（档案）：：女士们、先生们，我们很自豪能够呈现罗纳德·里根的深思熟虑的讲话。

Mr. Reagan.

里根先生。

Reagan: (archival) : Thank you.

里根：（档案）：谢谢。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Narrator: : Reagan burst onto the national political scene in 1964 with a televised address on behalf of conservative Republican candidate Barry Goldwater.

旁白： 1964 年，里根代表保守派共和党候选人巴里·戈德华特 (Barry Goldwater) 发表电视讲话，登上全国政治舞台。

Reagan: (archival) : I have spent most of my life as a democrat; I have recently seen fit to follow another course.

里根：（档案）：我一生的大部分时间都是作为一名民主党人度过的；我最近认为适合学习另一门课程。

Narrator: : President Lyndon Johnson had just declared his War on Poverty, expanding the role of government.

旁白：林登·约翰逊总统刚刚宣布向贫困宣战，扩大政府的作用。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: "The Speech" as it's known amongst Reaganauts.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：里根英雄们称之为“演讲”。

That was the culmination of the quintessence of all his speeches honed on the GE circuit.

这是他在通用电气巡回演讲中磨练出来的所有演讲精髓的顶峰。

All of the catch phrases that he'd found worked well, all the ideology that he'd polished during his years as a GE corporate spokesman and emerging political orator, it all came together at this moment.

他发现的所有行之有效的口号，以及他在担任通用电气公司发言人和新兴政治演说家期间打磨出的所有意识形态，都在这一刻汇集在一起​​。

Reagan: (archival) : This is the issue of this election whether we believe in our capacity for self government or whether we abandon the American revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far distant capital can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves.

里根：（档案）：这是这次选举的问题，我们是否相信我们的自治能力，或者我们是否放弃美国革命并承认遥远首都的一小部分知识精英可以比我们自己更好地为我们规划我们的生活。

Narrator: : Time magazine called the speech "the one bright spot in a dismal campaign." Although it could not rescue Goldwater from defeat, it placed Reagan on the cutting edge of conservative politics.

旁白：《时代》杂志称这次演讲为“惨淡竞选中的一个亮点”。尽管它无法挽救戈德华特的失败，但却使里根处于保守派政治的前沿。

Edwin Meese, Chief of Staff to Governor Reagan: There was still a big government ground swell among the liberal elements, and certainly the idea of conservatism as we know it today was not something politicians embraced very eagerly, nor did the voting public.

里根州长的幕僚长埃德温·米斯（Edwin Meese）：政府中的自由派势力仍然很大，当然，我们今天所知道的保守主义理念并不是政客们非常热切接受的，投票公众也不是。

So in that sense Ronald Reagan was ahead of his time.

所以从这个意义上说，罗纳德·里根领先于他的时代。

Narrator: : Reagan's maverick attack on big government brought him to the attention of California entrepreneurs who were searching for a candidate to run for governor in 1966.

旁白：：里根对大政府的特立独行的攻击引起了加州企业家的注意，他们正在寻找 1966 年州长候选人。

"That speech," Reagan remembered, "led me onto a path I never expected to take."

“那次演讲，”里根回忆道，“带领我走上了一条我从未想过的道路。”

Reagan: (archival) : I've come to a decision that even a short time ago I would have thought impossible for me to make.

里根：（档案）：我做出了一个即使在不久前我也认为自己不可能做出的决定。

And yet I make it with no lingering doubts or hesitation.

但我却毫无疑虑或犹豫地做到了。

As of now I am a candidate seeking the Republican nomination for governor.

截至目前，我是一名寻求共和党州长提名的候选人。

Robert Dallek, Historian: California in the 1960s is a society that is going through tumultuous change.

历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：20 世纪 60 年代的加州是一个正在经历动荡变革的社会。

He runs in 1966, as a staunch Goldwater conservative who will restore to the people their autonomy and freedom from government.

1966 年，他作为坚定的戈德华特保守派参选，将恢复人民的自治权和脱离政府的自由。

And it strikes resonant chords with millions of people in California who were bothered by the welfare system, bothered by the high taxes, bothered by the radicalism of the students, bothered by the crime in the streets, bothered by the inner city explosions.

它引起了加州数百万人的共鸣，他们对福利制度感到困扰，对高税收感到困扰，对学生的激进主义感到困扰，对街头犯罪感到困扰，对市中心的爆炸感到困扰。

And on all those counts, he was very effective in appealing to the mass of suburban voters in California.

从所有这些方面来看，他非常有效地吸引了加州广大郊区选民。

Narrator: : Democratic Governor Pat Brown understimated Reagan and the revolt brewing in his state.

旁白：民主党州长帕特·布朗低估了里根和他所在州正在酝酿的叛乱。

Pat Brown, Governor of California: What have my opponent's contributions been to this growing, thriving state of ours.

加利福尼亚州州长帕特·布朗：我的对手对我们这个不断发展、繁荣的州做出了哪些贡献？

He's divided his time between propaganda pictures against everything from Medicare to the Tennessee Valley Authority.

他的时间主要花在拍摄反对从医疗保险到田纳西河谷管理局等各种事务的宣传图片上。

And starring in such unforgettable screen epics as "Bedtime for Bonzo."

并主演了《邦佐的就寝时间》等令人难忘的银幕史诗片。

Lyn Nofziger, Press Secretary: They looked at Ronald Reagan, that dumb actor and they said, "Oh man, this is the guy we want to run against.

林恩·诺夫齐格（Lyn Nofziger），新闻秘书：他们看着罗纳德·里根，那个愚蠢的演员，然后说：“哦，伙计，这就是我们想要对抗的人。

He has no political experience, he's not going to be able to handle himself well."

他没有政治经验，他无法很好地处理自己。”

Stuart Spencer, Senior Political Adviser: So we devised a technique where he would give his 20-minute speech and incidentally Ronald Reagan wrote all his own speeches when he ran for Governor in 1966.

斯图尔特·斯宾塞，高级政治顾问：所以我们设计了一种技巧，让他发表 20 分钟的演讲，顺便说一句，罗纳德·里根在 1966 年竞选州长时自己写了所有演讲。

He'd give the 20-minute speech and we'd open it to 20 minutes of Q & A for the people there at the meeting or the press, and if he could handle those questions we felt we could get over the hump of, "here's an empty person who doesn't know anything about government or doesn't have any real ideas."

他会发表 20 分钟的演讲，然后我们会向与会者或媒体进行 20 分钟的问答，如果他能处理好这些问题，我们觉得我们就能克服“这是一个空虚的人，对政府一无所知，也没有任何真正的想法”的困境。

Reporter (archival): : Ronnie, where do you stand on the death penalty.

记者（档案）：：罗尼，您对死刑的立场如何。

Reagan: (archival) : You just expressed a question which is also as much on the minds of the people in the state as Berkeley.

里根：（档案）：你刚才提出了一个问题，这个问题和伯克利一样也是该州人民关心的问题。

This too is a question asked all over the state.

这也是全州各地都在询问的问题。

And as I've answered to those other people, I would tell you I think all of us have wavered back and forth on this issue because of our Judeo-Christian background our questioning as to our right to take human life.

正如我对其他人的回答一样，我想告诉你们，我认为我们所有人在这个问题上都摇摆不定，因为我们的犹太教基督教背景，我们对我们夺取人类生命的权利的质疑。

But I believe we have the right to take human life in defense of our own.

但我相信我们有权夺取人的生命以保卫我们自己。

Reporter: (archival) : Do you discount the fact that many women may be influenced by the fact that you are a movie star, you're handsome and young and that sort of thing.

记者：（档案）：你是否忽视了这样一个事实，即许多女性可能会受到你是电影明星、你英俊、年轻之类的因素的影响。

Reagan: (archival) : Well now, you can't have it both ways.

里根：（档案）：现在，你不能两者兼得。

Some of the people on the other side have been suggesting before I became a candidate that I wasn't very acceptable as a movie star.

在我成为候选人之前，另一方的一些人就一直暗示我作为电影明星不太被接受。

So.

所以。

No. I do believe that the people are aware of the issues....

不，我确实相信人们已经意识到这些问题......

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Here Reagan is.

传记作者卢·坎农：里根在这儿。

He's answering questions.

他正在回答问题。

And I came back and I called my editor and he said, "What did you think of him?" And, I said, "I don't know." I said, "I don't know why these, why anybody would want to run against this guy." Why would you want to run against somebody who everybody knows and likes and who is friendly and popular.

我回来后给我的编辑打电话，他说：“你觉得他怎么样？”我说：“我不知道。”我说：“我不知道为什么会这样，为什么有人想与这个人竞争。”你为什么要和一个人人都认识、喜欢、友好、受欢迎的人竞争呢？

Narrator: : As Reagan gained exposure, his aides began to shape his image.

旁白：随着里根的曝光，他的助手们开始塑造他的形象。

Lyn Nofziger, Press Secretary: A political reporter for KPIX in San Francisco said, "I want to do an interview with Reagan on horseback." And, I said, "That's a great idea, that really humanizes him." And he had a ranch out in Malibu Canyon -- about 25 miles from downtown Los Angeles.

林恩·诺夫齐格（Lyn Nofziger），新闻秘书：旧金山 KPIX 的政治记者说：“我想骑马采访里根。”我说：“这是个好主意，这确实使他变得人性化。”他在距离洛杉矶市中心约 25 英里的马里布峡谷拥有一座牧场。

So, we went out there and he came out wearing jodhpurs.

所以，我们出去了，他穿着马裤出来了。

And I said, "What in the hell are you doing in those jodhpurs?" "Well," he said, "that's how I always ride around here, very huffily." And I said, "Ron, we're trying to win an election here, you know.

我说：“你穿着那些马裤到底在做什么？” “嗯，”他说，“我总是这样骑车在这里，非常愤怒。”我说：“罗恩，我们正在努力赢得这里的选举，你知道。

People in California, as they see you in those jodhpurs are going to think you're an Eastern sissy." He says, "Well, this is what you wear when you're jumping horses." I said, "We're not jumping horses, we're going for a ride.

加州人看到你穿着马裤，会认为你是东方娘娘腔。”他说：“嗯，这就是你跳马时穿的衣服。”我说：“我们不是去骑马，而是去兜风。

She wants you to be a cowboy.

她希望你成为一名牛仔。

I want you to be a cowboy because that's what the people here will identify with." So, he said, "Well all right." So, he went back in and changed into jeans and boots.

我希望你成为一名牛仔，因为这是这里的人们所认同的。”于是，他说：“好吧。”于是，他回去换上了牛仔裤和靴子。

Narrator: : Reagan would come to embody the great myth of the American West -- the independent cowboy standing tall.

旁白：：里根将成为美国西部伟大神话的化身——独立牛仔挺身而出。

Robert Dallek, Historian: It fits into the whole image of him as a kind of tough minded heroic figure someone who is coming to their rescue.

罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：这符合他作为一个意志坚定的英雄人物的整体形象，一个来拯救他们的人。

And they see him as an honest man, they see him as an honest politician, as someone who speaks his mind.

他们认为他是一个诚实的人，他们认为他是一个诚实的政治家，一个敢于说出自己想法的人。

Reagan (archival): : This small minority of beatniks and malcontents and filthy speech advocates have interfered with the primary purpose of that university, and they've brought shame on a great university.

里根（档案）：：这一小部分垮掉的一代、不满者和肮脏的言论倡导者干扰了这所大学的主要目的，他们给一所伟大的大学带来了耻辱。

A university of which you and I have a right to be very proud and which for many years we have been very proud.

你和我都有权为一所大学感到非常自豪，多年来我们一直为这所大学感到非常自豪。

The people of this state are entitled to an open hearing to reveal what has been taking place and to fix responsibility.

该州人民有权举行公开听证会，以揭露所发生的事情并确定责任。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: There was a sense that traditional values, traditional institutions were being challenged and so, people took a chance and they voted on a Hollywood movie actor ah against an established and relatively popular incumbent Governor.

理查德·诺顿·史密斯，里根图书馆前馆长：有一种感觉，传统价值观、传统机构正在受到挑战，因此，人们抓住了机会，他们投票给了一位好莱坞电影演员，反对一位既定且相对受欢迎的现任州长。

Narrator: : On January 2, 1967, Ronald Reagan took the oath of office as Governor of the State of California.

旁白： 1967 年 1 月 2 日，罗纳德·里根宣誓就任加利福尼亚州州长。

He had not only beaten Brown.

他不仅击败了布朗。

He had beaten him by one million votes.

他以一百万票的优势击败了他。

Judge: (archival) : That you take this obligation freely, without mental reservation or purpose of evasion and that you will well and faithfully discharge...

法官：（档案）：您自由地承担这项义务，没有任何心理保留或逃避目的，并且您将很好地、忠实地履行……

Patti Davis, Daughter: I was hysterical when I found out that my father had been elected Governor.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：当我发现我的父亲当选为州长时，我简直歇斯底里。

The Vietnam War was going on.

越南战争正在进行。

Berkeley was going on.

伯克利正在继续。

The, you know, the one place I wanted to be if I hadn't been 14 years old and at a boarding school in Arizona was on the streets of Haight-Ashbury, braiding flowers into my hair.

你知道，如果我没有 14 岁，在亚利桑那州的一所寄宿学校里，我最想去的地方就是在海特-阿什伯里的街道上，把花编到头发上。

I mean, this was my goal in life.

我的意思是，这是我的人生目标。

And now my Gover-, my father was Governor of California.

现在我的州长，我的父亲是加利福尼亚州州长。

So this was, this was, I just didn't think it was a good image for me, you know?

所以这是，这是，我只是认为这对我来说不是一个好的形象，你知道吗？

Narrator: : Patti was not the only Reagan facing an image problem.

旁白：帕蒂并不是唯一一个面临形象问题的里根。

Her mother drew the attention of the press when she refused to live in the governor's Victorian mansion -- an historic landmark.

当她的母亲拒绝住在州长的维多利亚式宅邸——一座历史性地标时，引起了媒体的注意。

Nancy Reagan: (archival) : I have to translate everything into being the mother of an eight year old.

南希·里根：（档案）：我必须把一切都转化为成为一个八岁孩子的母亲。

You are right on a busy corner.

您就在一个繁忙的角落。

I love old houses I'll start with that.

我喜欢老房子，我会从它开始。

And I love old things and I love tradition.

我喜欢旧事物，喜欢传统。

I don't think there has ever been a governor with an eight year old child before.

我想以前还没有哪位州长带着八岁的孩子。

Narrator: : Nancy moved her family to an exclusive Sacramento suburb becoming the target of criticism.

旁白：南希举家搬到萨克拉门托的一个高档郊区，成为批评的目标。

She was devastated when writer Joan Didion called her actress smile "a study in frozen insincerity." The governor too raised a few eyebrows with his talk about biblical prophecy.

当作家琼·迪迪安称她的女演员微笑是“对冰冷的不真诚的研究”时，她感到非常震惊。州长对圣经预言的谈论也引起了一些人的注意。

The Reverend Billy Graham had stirred Reagan's interest when he told him that judgement day was near.

当比利·格雷厄姆牧师告诉里根审判日即将到来时，他引起了里根的兴趣。

Reagan would repeat Graham's warning adding: "for the first time ever everything is in place for the battle of Armageddon." One sign was what he called "the Communist takeover of Libya." With no experience, Reagan faced the task of running the State of California.

里根重复了格雷厄姆的警告，并补充道：“世界末日之战的一切准备就绪，这是第一次。”其中一个迹象就是他所说的“共产党接管利比亚”。由于没有经验，里根面临着管理加利福尼亚州的任务。

When a reporter asked what kind of a governor he would make, he quipped, "I don't know.

当记者问他会成为什么样的州长时，他打趣道：“我不知道。

I never played governor."

我从来没有扮演过州长。”

Lou Cannon, Biographer: He faced an enormous challenge, because Reagan really didn't know anything about politics or governments and he had a lot of people around him who arguably knew even less.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：他面临着巨大的挑战，因为里根真的对政治或政府一无所知，而且他周围的很多人可以说知道得更少。

I mean, I remember Lyn Nofziger once said, "You know, we weren't just amateurs.

我的意思是，我记得 Lyn Nofziger 曾经说过，“你知道，我们不仅仅是业余爱好者。

We were novice amateurs."

我们是业余新手。”

Narrator: : Reagan's first decision, designed to reduce the size of government, proved a disaster.

旁白：：里根的第一个旨在缩小政府规模的决定被证明是一场灾难。

William Hauck, Speaker's Staff, California Legislature: : He decides that in his naiveté about running state government that you could just do a 10 percent across-the-board cut, and that would be easy to accomplish.

威廉·豪克 (William Hauck)，加州立法机构议长幕僚：：他认为，出于对管理州政府的天真考虑，他认为可以全面削减 10%，而这很容易实现。

Well, he found out that it was not easy to accomplish and that it probably wasn't equitable.

好吧，他发现这并不容易完成，而且可能不公平。

Narrator: : Announced at a time of growing campus unrest, the cuts pitted the governor against students at the University of California.

旁白：：在校园骚乱日益严重之际宣布削减开支，导致州长与加州大学学生之间产生矛盾。

They would be required to pay tuition for the first time.

他们将第一次被要求支付学费。

Reagan: (archival) : "I'm gonna get out.

里根：（档案）：“我要出去。

I don't care.

我不在乎。

Let's go outside.

我们到外面去吧。

Okay.

好的。

Now."

现在。”

Narrator: : After years of playing the hero, Reagan found himself cast as the villain.

旁白：：在扮演英雄多年后，里根发现自己成了恶棍。

Lyn Nofziger, Press Secretary: We were down at the University of California campus, in Santa Barbara and all of the students were all mad at him.

林恩·诺夫齐格（Lyn Nofziger），新闻秘书：我们在圣巴巴拉的加州大学校园里，所有的学生都对他很生气。

We'd come back from lunch, to go back to where they were having the meeting and the students just kind of lined up along the pathway and they all gave him the silent treatment, you know, and nobody said hello, nobody waved, nobody did anything.

我们吃完午饭回来，回到他们开会的地方，学生们只是沿着小路排成一排，他们都默默地对待他，你知道，没有人打招呼，没有人挥手，没有人做任何事情。

They just stood and stared at him.

他们只是站着，盯着他。

So, he walked through this gauntlet of people, very nonchalantly, got up to the doorway where we're going, turned around and he said, "Shhh" - everybody broke out laughing and he walked on in.

于是，他漫不经心地穿过这群人，走到我们要去的门口，转过身来，“嘘”了一声——大家都笑了起来，然后他就走了进去。

Narrator: : Reagan struck a chord with Americans nationwide who were becoming fed up with the radical '60s.

旁白：：里根引起了全国美国人的共鸣，他们已经厌倦了 60 年代的激进主义。

Man: (archival) : When I saw him make a speech in 1964 for Goldwater, I said, "There's the man that should be running for president and there's the man we need for president."

男：（档案）：1964 年，当我看到他为戈德华特发表演讲时，我说：“这个人应该竞选总统，而这个人是我们需要的总统。”

Woman: (archival) : I like the way he takes a firm stand on things and the way he goes about them.

女：（档案）：我喜欢他对事物坚定的立场和处理事情的方式。

Man: (archival) : I think his views agree with mine.

男：（档案）：我认为他的观点和我的一致。

Woman: (archival) : He has the same type of feeling with the people that John Kennedy had, I think.

女：（档案）：我认为他对约翰·肯尼迪的人有着同样的感觉。

Archive Reagan draft montage song: "Ronald Reagan he is the one.

存档里根草稿蒙太奇歌曲：“罗纳德·里根就是他。

He is the one to beat.

他是那个要打败的人。

He's the leader of the GOP...

他是共和党的领袖...

"

”

Narrator: : A Reagan draft initiative caught fire.

旁白：：里根的一项草案倡议引起了轰动。

When the Republicans gathered in Miami in 1968, Reagan, after only 18 months in elected office, was the choice for president among conservatives.

1968 年，当共和党人聚集在迈阿密时，里根在当选仅 18 个月后，就成为保守派中的总统候选人。

By then, former Vice President Richard Nixon had a lock on the nomination.

那时，前副总统理查德·尼克松已经锁定了提名。

Reagan: (archival) : I hereby proudly move on behalf of my fellow Californians that this convention declare itself as unanimously and united behind the candidate Richard Nixon as the next president of the United States, and I so move.

里根：（档案）：我谨代表我的加州同胞自豪地提出，这次大会宣布其一致并团结地支持候选人理查德·尼克松作为美国下一任总统，我也这样做了。

Lyn Nofziger, Press Secretary: Reagan was not upset.

新闻秘书 Lyn Nofziger：里根并没有感到不安。

He told me, "Lyn, I just didn't think I was ready for it." So, you know, he knew it himself very well and he'd obviously, he'd have taken it if there had been this great demand for him but, but he knew that he would be better off waiting.

他告诉我，“林恩，我只是觉得我还没有准备好。”所以，你知道，他自己非常清楚，如果对他有这么大的需求，他显然会接受它，但是，但他知道他最好等待。

Narrator: : Reagan returned to California to face the first true crisis of his governorship.

旁白：：里根回到加州，面临其州长任期内的第一次真正危机。

The student revolt which had begun in 1964 reached its climax at Berkeley in the Spring of 1969.

1964 年开始的学生起义于 1969 年春天在伯克利达到顶峰。

The university was paralyzed by a student strike, which was joined by members of the Black Panther Party and even some professors.

学生罢课导致该大学陷入瘫痪，黑豹党成员甚至一些教授也参加了罢课。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: There was a spellbinding moment when he was governor confronting a bunch of Berkeley University profs.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：当他担任州长时，面对一群伯克利大学的教授，那是一个令人着迷的时刻。

He suddenly recognizes in their midst a radical from his Hollywood days, his name was I think Popski.

他突然认出了他们中间有一个好莱坞时代的激进分子，我想他的名字叫波普斯基。

And he said, "You, Popski, I know you and I know what you stand for." Lost his cool.

他说：“你，波普斯基，我了解你，我也知道你的立场。”失去了冷静。

There was a direct connection there, the anarchy that prevailed on the Berkeley campus in 1969 with the anarchy that he saw immediately after World War II outside the gates of Warner Brothers.

1969 年伯克利校园盛行的无政府状态与他在二战后立即在华纳兄弟大门外看到的无政府状态有着直接的联系。

Narrator: : When the police failed to break the strike, Reagan sent in the California Highway Patrol.

旁白：：当警察未能阻止罢工时，里根派出了加州公路巡逻队。

That only heightened tensions.

这只会加剧紧张局势。

Reagan: (archival) : I believe that where any group's rights are being imposed upon, or any individual's rights, by any others, it is the obligation of government to protect those constitutional rights at the point of bayonet if necessary.

里根：（档案）：我相信，当任何团体的权利或任何个人的权利被任何其他人强加于人时，政府有义务在必要时用刺刀保护这些宪法权利。

Narrator: : The National Guard descended on Berkeley replete with bayonets.

旁白：：国民警卫队带着刺刀袭击了伯克利。

It occupied the city for 17 days.

它占领了这座城市17天。

Most Californians regarded Reagan as a hero for restoring the peace at Berkeley.

大多数加州人将里根视为恢复伯克利和平的英雄。

Others felt he had acted as a trigger happy extremist.

其他人则认为他是一个快乐的极端分子。

The following year Reagan ran for re-election with little to show for his first term.

次年，里根竞选连任，但他的第一个任期几乎没有什么表现。

He had promised to lower taxes but they had increased.

他曾承诺降低税收，但税收却增加了。

And he had failed to curb the growth of government.

他也未能遏制政府的扩张。

Reagan: (archival) : Some of the things they've said about me and education, this may get you expelled.

里根：（档案）：他们对我和教育的一些评价，这可能会让你被开除。

Narrator: : Reagan won in November and launched an new initiative to cut back government spending.

旁白：：里根在 11 月获胜，并推出了一项削减政府开支的新举措。

Reagan: (archival) : Welfare is the biggest single outlay of public funds at three different levels of government: federal, state and county.

里根：（档案）：福利是三个不同级别政府（联邦、州和县）公共资金中最大的单一支出。

And welfare is adrift without rudder or compass.

没有舵或指南针，福利就会随波逐流。

Narrator: : In his first term Reagan had governed through confrontation.

旁白：：里根在第一个任期内通过对抗进行统治。

Now he needed to collaborate with the democratic controlled assembly if he wanted his welfare bill to pass.

现在，如果他希望他的福利法案获得通过，他就需要与民主控制的议会合作。

William Hauck, Speaker's Staff, California Legislature: : Reagan was beginning to think about his own legacy.

威廉·豪克（William Hauck），加州立法机构议长幕僚：：里根开始思考他自己的遗产。

He was beginning to think about the accomplishments that he would be looked back on when he left the governorship, and I'm sure that people would argue that Reagan was also beginning to build or try to build a record, to run for President for a second time.

他开始思考当他离开州长职位时，人们会回顾他所取得的成就，我相信人们会说里根也开始创造或试图创造记录，第二次竞选总统。

Narrator: : The Bill passed.

旁白：：法案通过了。

Reagan saved taxpayers $2 billion and learned an important lesson.

里根为纳税人节省了 20 亿美元，并吸取了重要的教训。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Aide to Governor Reagan: He proved to himself that he could make some changes that he could not only talk about and move people to get things done, but he could actually move the mechanics of government to get things done, and I think that confidence that it gave Reagan was more important than most people realize.

迪弗，里根州长的助手：他向自己证明了他可以做出一些改变，他不仅可以谈论并推动人们把事情做好，而且他实际上可以推动政府机制把事情做好，我认为这给里根带来的信心比大多数人意识到的更重要。

Edwin Meese, Chief of Staff to Governor Reagan: And so when he left, he left with a kind of a ground swell of approval in the state, and a great deal of interest throughout the country among many people that he go on, and perhaps run for the Presidency in the future.

埃德温·米斯（Edwin Meese），里根州长的幕僚长：所以当他离开时，他在该州获得了广泛的认可，全国各地的许多人对他继续下去，甚至可能在未来竞选总统产生了极大的兴趣。

Reagan: (archival) : Now, wait a minute, wait a minute, hold it.

里根：（档案）：现在，等一下，等一下，等等。

You are all asking the same question and you are all gonna get the same answer.

你们都在问同样的问题，你们都会得到同样的答案。

So we might as well do it once.

所以我们不妨做一次。

No, I've made no change whatsoever.

不，我没有做任何改变。

I've said repeatedly, and I repeat again.

我已经说过很多次了，我还要重复一遍。

I have a decision to make.

我要做出决定。

I don't know what that decision will be.

我不知道这个决定会是什么。

When the time comes I will announce it.

到时候我会宣布的。

Yes or no. And I assume that that will be sometime before the end of this year.

是还是不是。我认为那将是在今年年底之前的某个时候。

Maureen Reagan: : That summer, I had everybody over to my house for dinner and we were playing charades and I've forgotten exactly how it happened but I guess it was a book title and my father was the one doing it, and finally he just stood there and just went like this.

莫林·里根：那年夏天，我邀请大家到我家吃晚饭，我们正在玩字谜游戏，我已经忘记了具体是怎么发生的，但我猜那是一本书的书名，而我父亲就是这样做的，最后他只是站在那里，就这样走了。

You know like, "It's me" and we all screamed, "Making of a President."

你知道，“是我”，我们都尖叫着“成为总统”。

Narrator: : In his bid for the 1976 Republican nomination, Reagan faced enormous odds.

旁白：：在 1976 年竞选共和党提名的过程中，里根面临着巨大的困难。

He was taking on President Gerald Ford, and his own republican party.

他正在与杰拉尔德·福特总统和他自己的共和党较量。

He lost to Ford in New Hampshire, and kept on losing.

他在新罕布什尔州输给了福特，而且一直在输。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: I think that that is a point in time, at least in my mind, when you really saw the essence of Reagan's character in its full flower.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：我认为那是一个时间点，至少在我看来，那时你真正看到了里根性格的本质。

At that time if I recall correctly, the campaign was basically considered dead in the water.

当时，如果我没记错的话，这场竞选基本上被认为是胎死腹中。

He had just lost five straight Presidential primaries to President Ford.

他刚刚在总统初选中连续五次输给福特总统。

Maybe most importantly we were about $2 million in debt.

也许最重要的是我们负债约 200 万美元。

Reporter: (archival) : Does it change significantly any of the political plans of yours?

记者：（档案）：这对您的政治计划有什么重大改变吗？

Reagan: (archival) : No, not a bit.

里根：（档案）：不，一点也不。

I'm going to run as hard as I can and figure I'm behind.

我会尽我所能地跑，然后发现我已经落后了。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: And the question was, should we quit.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：问题是，我们是否应该退出。

And I think the general attitude was, it's not should we?

我认为普遍的态度是，我们不应该吗？

It's do we have any choice?

是我们还有选择吗？

And we had this discussion, and the consensus was, certainly you have to...

我们进行了讨论，共识是，你当然必须……

you have to quit.

你必须戒烟。

And Reagan was just sitting there listening to this.

里根只是坐在那里听着这一切。

"And I'm telling you right now," and he was looking at everybody in the room, "that I am going to run in every single primary from here to the convention even if I lose every single one."

“我现在告诉你们，”他看着房间里的每个人，“我将参加从这里到大会的每一次初选，即使我输掉了每一次初选。”

Narrator: : Reagan searched for an issue to ignite his campaign.

旁白：：里根寻找一个问题来点燃他的竞选活动。

Reagan: (archival) : Ladies and gentlemen, I'm deeply concerned about our defense posture.

里根：（档案）：女士们、先生们，我对我们的防御态势深感担忧。

Despite the assurances of Dr. Kissinger and Mr. Ford, the United States is no longer the first military power on earth.

尽管有基辛格博士和福特先生的保证，美国已不再是地球上第一军事强国。

The Soviet army is now twice the size of ours.

苏联军队现在的规模是我们的两倍。

Russia's annual investment in weapons, in strategic and conventional, now runs some 50 percent ahead of ours.

俄罗斯每年对战略武器和常规武器的投资目前比我们高出约 50%。

Under Kissinger and Ford, this nation's become number two in military power in a world where it's dangerous, if not fatal, to be second best.

在基辛格和福特的领导下，这个国家已成为世界第二大军事力量，而在这个世界上，成为第二强的国家即使不是致命的，也是危险的。

Narrator: : Televised repeatedly on the eve of the North Carolina primary, Reagan's warning of a new Communist menace brought him his first victory.

旁白：：在北卡罗来纳州初选前夕，里根对共产主义新威胁的警告多次在电视上播出，这为他带来了第一次胜利。

As the primaries moved to the more conservative South and West, the campaign gained momentum.

随着初选转移到更保守的南部和西部，竞选活动获得了动力。

Reagan: (archival) : We are ahead of our projections at this time, where we thought we would be.

里根：（档案）：我们目前的预测超出了我们的预期。

And many people say well you know is that just whistling past the graveyard or something.

许多人说，你知道，只是吹口哨经过墓地或其他地方。

No. We're ahead to the extent that recently for the first time I said I believe that there was a very great possibility if not probability that I could go to the convention with enough delegates in advance to win on the first ballot.

不。我们领先的程度是，最近我第一次说我相信，即使不是可能性，我也有很大的可能提前带着足够的代表参加大会，从而在第一轮投票中获胜。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : After winning some of those primaries, none of us ever thought that it was out of our reach, something would happen that would turn that convention.

副参谋长迪弗：在赢得一些初选后，我们没有人认为这是我们力所能及的事情，会发生一些事情来改变大会。

And I think Reagan believed that.

我认为里根相信这一点。

Delegate: (archival) : Madame chairman, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, home of the Phillies and the Pirates, casts ten votes for Governor Reagan and 93 votes for Gerald Ford.

代表：（档案）：主席女士，费城人队和海盗队的家乡宾夕法尼亚州，为里根州长投了 10 票，为杰拉尔德·福特投了 93 票。

Delegate: (archival) : Twenty votes for Gerald R.

代表：（档案）：二十票投给 Gerald R.

Ford.

福特。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: Ford had given his acceptance speech, and he then turned to the sky box where we were, where my father was, and sort of beckoned my father to come down.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根，儿子：福特发表了获奖感言，然后他转向我们所在的天空包厢，也就是我父亲所在的地方，并示意我父亲下来。

I think he was conscious of the fact that nearly 50 percent of the people in the hall, maybe even more, really would have preferred Ronald Reagan to be the candidate.

我认为他意识到了这样一个事实：大厅里近 50% 的人，甚至可能更多，确实更喜欢罗纳德·里根作为候选人。

Nancy Reagan: : The response of those delegates was something unbelievable, just unbelievable.

南希·里根：这些代表的反应令人难以置信，简直令人难以置信。

And there we were in this box way back in the back and we stood and he kept doing this to them, to tell them to sit down, they never would sit down.

我们就在这个包厢里，在后面，我们站着，他一直对他们这样做，告诉他们坐下，他们永远不会坐下。

They wouldn't stop yelling and yelling for him and, "speech, speech." I just hoped that that that Ronnie had something that he wanted to say because he said to me, as we were running, we didn't expect to to be up in the stage and as we were running to get there, he said, "I haven't the foggiest idea of what I'm going to say."

他们不停地为他大喊大叫，“讲话，讲话。”我只是希望罗尼有话想说，因为他对我说，当我们跑步时，我们没想到会出现在舞台上，当我们跑到那里时，他说，“我完全不知道我要说什么。”

Reagan: (archival) : If I could just take a moment.

里根：（档案）：如果我能花点时间就好了。

I had an assignment the other day.

前几天我有一个任务。

Someone asked me to write a letter for a time capsule that is going to be opened in Los Angeles 100 years from now.

有人请我为 100 年后将在洛杉矶打开的时间胶囊写一封信。

We live in a world in which the great powers have poised and aimed at each other horrible missiles of destruction, nuclear weapons that can in a matter of minutes arrive at each other's country and destroy virtually the civilized world we live in.

在我们生活的世界中，大国已准备好向对方发射可怕的毁灭性导弹，核武器可以在几分钟内到达对方的国家，几乎摧毁我们所生活的文明世界。

And suddenly it dawned on me those who would read this letter 100 years from now will know whether those missiles were fired.

我突然意识到，那些 100 年后读到这封信的人将会知道那些导弹是否被发射过。

They will know whether we met our challenge.

他们会知道我们是否遇到了挑战。

Whether they have the freedoms that we have known up until now will depend on what we do here...

他们是否拥有我们迄今为止所知道的自由将取决于我们在这里所做的事情......

Mr. President

总统先生

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The power of that speech was extraordinary.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：那次演讲的力量非同寻常。

And you can just feel throughout the auditorium the palpable sense amongst the delegates that we've nominated the wrong guy.

在整个礼堂里，代表们都能明显感觉到我们提名了错误的人选。

Narrator: : The next day Reagan bid farewell to his campaign staff.

旁白：：第二天，里根告别了他的竞选团队。

Reagan: (archival) : Sure, there's a disappointment in what happened, but the cause, the cause goes on.

里根：（档案）：当然，发生的事情令人失望，但原因、原因仍在继续。

[Applause] Don't get cynical.

[鼓掌]不要愤世嫉俗。

Don't get cynical because look at yourselves and what you were willing to do, and recognize that there are millions and millions of Americans out there that want what you want, that want it to be that way, that want it to be a shining city on a hill.

不要愤世嫉俗，因为看看你自己和你愿意做的事情，并认识到那里有数以百万计的美国人想要你想要的东西，希望它成为那样，希望它成为一座山上的闪亮城市。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: On the plane going back, I went over, I had a convention ticket, and I asked him if he'd sign it as a souvenir.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：在回去的飞机上，我走过去，我有一张会议门票，我问他是否愿意签名作为纪念品。

And what he wrote was, "We fought, we dreamed, and the dream is still with us." And looking back on it now, he never gave up, just kept right on going.

他写道：“我们奋斗，我们梦想，梦想仍然与我们同在。”现在回想起来，他并没有放弃，只是继续前行。

It was, it was, you know, this incredible crushing defeat.

你知道，这就是令人难以置信的惨败。

And it didn't crush him.

但这并没有压垮他。

He just came back up shook his head and said, "OK, what's next?" And that began the campaign for the year 1980.

他回来后摇了摇头，说道：“好吧，接下来怎么办？” 1980 年的竞选活动就此开始。

Narrator: : Reagan retreated to his new ranch in the mountains high above Santa Barbara.

旁白：：里根撤退到他在圣巴巴拉高山上的新牧场。

Rancho del Cielo: the ranch in the sky.

Rancho del Cielo：空中牧场。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: It was a place where he could renew himself.

儿子罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根：这是一个他可以自我更新的地方。

And rejuvenate himself.

并让自己恢复活力。

And he would go out, you know, for hours at a time.

你知道，他会一次出去几个小时。

He'd just sort of disappear up into the hills and into the brush with you know sometimes with a chain saw.

他有时会拿着链锯消失在山上和灌木丛中。

And, he, you know, was just happy as a clam out there, doing his ranch thing.

而且，你知道，他在外面做着他的牧场事，高兴得像蛤蜊一样。

Dennis LeBlanc, Ranch Manager: His form of relaxation was very hard physical labor.

丹尼斯·勒布朗，牧场经理：他的放松方式是非常艰苦的体力劳动。

He was not a type of man to relax.

他不是那种能够放松的人。

We started building fences.

我们开始建造栅栏。

It's been over the course of quite a few years because he actually built the fences or designed the fences out of telephone poles.

这已经过去了好几年了，因为他实际上建造了围栏或用电话杆设计了围栏。

He designed it so when you looked at the fence everything was uniform.

他设计的时候，当你看栅栏时，一切都是统一的。

We started to just do it around the house.

我们开始在房子周围做这件事。

But then when we finished with that and we sat back and looked and said, "Well, wouldn't it look nice if we went around the pond." Well we went around the pond and we created a pasture.

但当我们完成后，我们坐下来看着并说：“好吧，如果我们绕着池塘走一圈不是很好吗？”好吧，我们绕过池塘，创造了一片牧场。

Well, the pasture needs fencing.

嗯，牧场需要围栏。

So we went around the pasture.

于是我们绕着牧场转了一圈。

Then we built an orchard, and, "Well, you know we should probably continue the fence around the orchard." These fences are not going anywhere.

然后我们建了一个果园，然后，“好吧，你知道我们可能应该继续在果园周围建围栏。”这些栅栏不会去任何地方。

Narrator: : Reagan was killing time.

旁白：：里根正在消磨时间。

Waiting while America ripened toward his conservative message.

等待美国对他的保守派信息的成熟。

"People were rebelling," he observed, "A prairie fire, was spreading across the land."

“人们在反抗，”他观察到，“一场燎原之火，正在全国蔓延。”

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: Stop and think what this country had been through by 1980.

里根图书馆前馆长理查德·诺顿·史密斯：停下来想一想这个国家在 1980 年之前经历了什么。

We had been through the Vietnam War, we'd been through Watergate.

我们经历过越南战争，经历过水门事件。

We'd seen one President after another tarnished, by scandal, by failure, by an assassin's bullet.

我们看到一位又一位总统因丑闻、失败、刺客的子弹而蒙羞。

By 1980, we were pretty cynical.

到了 1980 年，我们已经相当愤世嫉俗了。

By 1980, we had just been through a couple of years of double-digit inflation.

到 1980 年，我们刚刚经历了几年两位数的通货膨胀。

We'd seen the Soviet Union seemingly on the march around the world, most notably, in Afghanistan.

我们看到苏联似乎正在世界各地进军，尤其是在阿富汗。

Narrator: : Reagan ran for president on a Conservative platform of less government and stronger defense.

旁白：：里根以更少的政府和更强的国防为保守党竞选总统。

Promising to restore America's greatness.

承诺恢复美国的伟大。

Reagan: (archival) : My fellow citizens of this great nation.

里根：（档案）：我这个伟大国家的同胞们。

With a deep awareness of the responsibility conferred by your trust, I accept your nomination for the Presidency of the United States.

出于对您的信任所赋予的责任的深刻认识，我接受您对美国总统的提名。

They say that the United States has had its day in the sun, that our nation has passed its zenith.

他们说美国已经迎来了它的辉煌，我们的国家已经过了它的顶峰。

They expect you to tell your children that the American people no longer have the will to cope with their problems, that the future will be one of sacrifice and few opportunities.

他们希望你告诉你的孩子，美国人民不再有意愿解决他们的问题，未来将是一个充满牺牲和机会很少的未来。

My fellow citizens, I utterly reject that view.

我的同胞们，我完全拒绝这种观点。

Maureen Reagan: : He was so unhappy about what was happening to the country.

莫林·里根：他对这个国家发生的事情非常不满。

The fact that people didn't believe in themselves, they didn't believe that they could make things better, that America was a nation in decline.

事实上，人们不相信自己，他们不相信自己能让事情变得更好，美国是一个正在衰落的国家。

All of those things and he knew in his heart those things were not true and he believed that as President he could make the American people look inside themselves and recreate what they needed to have their own American dream.

所有这些事情，他心里知道这些事情都不是真的，他相信，作为总统，他可以让美国人民审视自己，重新创造他们拥有自己的美国梦所需的东西。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: I think he felt sincerely in his heart that he was rescuing the United States from a period of poisonous self-doubt, loss of direction, loss of belief in itself.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris）：我认为他内心真诚地感到，他正在将美国从一段有毒的自我怀疑、迷失方向、失去自我信念的时期中拯救出来。

I think he felt in the late 1970s that he could rescue Jimmy Carter's America and carry her back to the shore and make her alive again.

我想他在 20 世纪 70 年代末觉得他可以拯救吉米·卡特的美国，把她带回岸边，让她再次活过来。

Narrator: : Reagan kicked off his Fall campaign in Jersey City, with a great American symbol as a backdrop.

旁白：里根在泽西市以伟大的美国象征为背景拉开了秋季竞选活动的序幕。

He addressed a blue collar ethnic audience -- appealing to their patriotism and to their growing sense of insecurity.

他向蓝领族裔听众发表讲话，呼吁他们的爱国主义和日益增长的不安全感。

Reagan: (archival) : Let it show on the record that when the American people cried out for economic help Jimmy Carter took refuge behind a dictionary.

里根：（档案）：让它记录在案，当美国人民呼喊经济援助时，吉米·卡特躲在一本字典后面。

Well.

出色地。

If it's a definition.

如果是定义的话。

If it's a definition he wants I'll give him one.

如果这是他想要的定义，我会给他一个。

A recession is when your neighbor loses his job.

经济衰退是指您的邻居失业。

A depression is when you lose yours.

抑郁症是当你失去自己的时候。

And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.

当吉米卡特失去他的时候，就会恢复。

Edwin Meese, Chief of Staff to Governor Reagan: Most people don't remember now, but that was probably the worst economic situation the United States had been in since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

里根州长的幕僚长埃德温·米斯 (Edwin Meese)：现在大多数人都不记得了，但这可能是美国自 20 世纪 30 年代大萧条以来最糟糕的经济形势。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: Inflation was roaring, interest rates were going up.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：通货膨胀急剧上升，利率不断上升。

People couldn't afford to buy a home.

人们买不起房子。

A lot of people remember very clearly if they were old enough to drive a car then, you couldn't buy gasoline no matter how much money you had.

很多人都记得很清楚，当时如果自己到了可以开车的年龄，无论有多少钱都买不到汽油。

We had a hostage crisis in Iran.

我们在伊朗发生了人质危机。

People were getting worried.

人们开始担心。

Narrator: : Fifty-two American diplomats had been held hostage in Iran for a year.

旁白：：五十二名美国外交官在伊朗被扣为人质一年。

They were a daily reminder of America's impotence.

它们每天都在提醒我们美国的无能。

And a political liability for Jimmy Carter.

吉米·卡特还要承担政治责任。

Reagan: (archival) : I believe this Administration's foreign policy helped create the entire situation that made their kidnap possible and I think the fact that they've been there that long is a humiliation and a disgrace to this country.

里根：（档案）：我相信本届政府的外交政策帮助创造了整个局势，使他们的绑架成为可能，而且我认为他们在那里呆了这么久这一事实对这个国家来说是一种耻辱和耻辱。

Narrator: : Everyday the American hostages remained in captivity Carter's prospects for re-election dimmed.

旁白：：美国人质每天都被囚禁，卡特连任的前景变得黯淡。

Reagan: (archival) : Earlier this evening I spoke on the phone with President Carter.

里根：（档案）：今晚早些时候我与卡特总统通了电话。

He called, John Anderson called.

他打来电话，约翰·安德森打来电话。

But the President pledged the utmost in cooperation in the transition that will take place.

但总统承诺在即将发生的过渡过程中给予最大程度的合作。

[Applause] And now just, all I can say to all of you is thank you.

[鼓掌] 现在我只能对你们所有人说声谢谢。

And thank you for more than just George Bush and myself.

感谢你们不仅仅是乔治·布什和我本人。

Thank you because if the trend continues we may very well control one house of the Congress for the first time in a quarter of a century.

谢谢你们，因为如果这种趋势继续下去，我们很可能会在四分之一个世纪以来第一次控制国会众议院。

Narrator: : The Republicans did gain control of the Senate.

旁白：：共和党确实获得了参议院的控制权。

Reagan beat Carter in a landslide, carrying 44 states.

里根以压倒性优势击败卡特，赢得 44 个州。

It was a great victory for Reagan and the conservative movement.

这是里根和保守派运动的伟大胜利。

Reagan: (archival) : I, Ronald Reagan, do solemnly swear.

里根：（档案）：我，罗纳德·里根，庄严宣誓。

That I will faithfully execute the office of the president of the United States.

我将忠实地履行美国总统的职责。

Narrator: : When Ronald Reagan took office in 1981 expectations were low.

旁白：：1981 年罗纳德·里根就任总统时，人们的期望很低。

At a time when America faced an economic crisis and an escalating cold war, many wondered if anyone could manage the country.

在美国面临经济危机和不断升级的冷战之际，许多人想知道是否有人能够管理这个国家。

Least of all, a former Hollywood "B" actor.

最重要的是，前好莱坞“B”级演员。

"Things could go very badly in the first year," Reagan's staff had warned, "resulting in an erosion of Republican momentum and public confidence." But Reagan projected great assurance.

里根的幕僚警告说：“第一年事情可能会变得非常糟糕，导致共和党的势头和公众信心受到削弱。”但里根表现出了极大的保证。

He believed, like Franklin Delano Roosevelt 50 years before him, that his mission was to restore America's trust in itself.

他像 50 年前的富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福一样相信，他的使命是恢复美国对自身的信任。

Reagan: (archival) : It is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams.

里根：（档案）：我们是时候认识到我们是一个伟大的国家，不能把自己限制在渺小的梦想上。

We're not, as some would have us believe, doomed to an inevitable decline.

我们并不像有些人想让我们相信的那样，注定要不可避免地衰落。

I do not believe in a fate that will fall on us no matter what we do.

我不相信无论我们做什么，命运都会降临到我们身上。

I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing.

我确实相信，如果我们什么都不做，命运就会降临到我们身上。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: He and Franklin Roosevelt have so much in common.

理查德·诺顿·史密斯，里根图书馆前馆长：他和富兰克林·罗斯福有很多共同点。

They're both great communicators, they're both buoyant optimists.

他们都是出色的沟通者，都是活泼的乐观主义者。

They both came to Washington, in periods of great economic distress.

他们都在经济严重困难时期来到华盛顿。

But, there's a major, major difference, apart from one being a liberal, one being a conservative.

但是，除了一个是自由主义者，一个是保守主义者之外，还有一个重大的区别。

FDR was a great improviser.

罗斯福是一位伟大的即兴创作者。

He made up the New Deal, almost day by day.

他几乎日复一日地制定新政。

Reagan came to office with a very fixed set of beliefs and an agenda to try and implement those beliefs.

里根上任时有着一套非常固定的信念以及尝试和实施这些信念的议程。

George F.

乔治·F.

Will, Columnist: Ronald Reagan had a few very simple precepts.

专栏作家威尔：罗纳德·里根有一些非常简单的戒律。

Government was too big, taxed too much, and the Soviet Union was getting away with murder internationally.

政府太大，征税太多，而苏联在国际上却逍遥法外。

You guys work out the details.

你们把细节搞清楚。

Narrator: : The key guys in the Reagan White House were Chief of Staff James Baker, who knew how Washington worked and Edwin Meese and Michael Deaver, who knew from Sacramento how Reagan worked.

旁白：里根白宫的关键人物是幕僚长詹姆斯·贝克（James Baker），他知道华盛顿是如何工作的；埃德温·米斯（Edwin Meese）和迈克尔·迪弗（Michael Deaver），他们从萨克拉门托知道里根是如何工作的。

Deaver had another assignment: the first lady.

迪弗还有另一项任务：第一夫人。

To this "Troika," Reagan delegated unprecedented authority.

里根对这“三驾马车”赋予了前所未有的权力。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: In some ways he governed like a Turkish pasha.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问：在某些方面，他的执政方式就像土耳其帕夏。

He assembled people around him, brought people in, talked to them, made it clear to them what he wanted to do, and then the attitude seemed to be, OK, now you know what I want to do, let's do it.

他把人聚集在他周围，带人进来，与他们交谈，向他们明确他想做什么，然后态度似乎是，好吧，现在你知道我想做什么了，让我们开始吧。

And he just assumed that these things would be done.

他只是假设这些事情会完成。

Narrator: : The future would expose the weakness of Reagan's propensity to delegate.

旁白：：未来将暴露出里根授权倾向的弱点。

But for most of his first term the troika served him well.

但在他第一个任期的大部分时间里，三驾马车为他提供了良好的服务。

Senator: Howard Baker, Majority Leader : The Carter administration had made a terrible mistake by sending up so much legislation in their first hundred days that the focus became very diffused.

参议员：霍华德·贝克，多数党领袖：卡特政府犯了一个可怕的错误，在上任的第一百天内就提出了如此多的立法，以至于焦点变得非常分散。

We didn't make that mistake.

我们没有犯这个错误。

I said, "Look our 100-day plan says we are to have three priorities and those three priorities are economic recovery, economic recovery, and economic recovery, and that's what we oughta focus on for the first 100 days and carry out our plan."

我说，“看看我们的百日计划，我们要制定三个优先事项，这三个优先事项是经济复苏、经济复苏、经济复苏，这就是我们在前 100 天应该重点关注并执行我们的计划的内容。”

Narrator: : It would come to be known as "the Reagan Revolution." On its surface it was simple.

旁白：：这场革命后来被称为“里根革命”。表面上看很简单。

A tax cut, reductions in domestic spending, and a blanaced budget.

减税、减少国内支出和平衡预算。

But Reagan also wanted a military buildup to confront the Soviet Union.

但里根也希望增强军事实力来对抗苏联。

David Stockman, Budget Director: (archival) : I have to say that I am not one to shrink from a tough task.

大卫·斯托克曼（David Stockman），预算总监：（档案）：我不得不说，我不是一个在艰巨的任务面前退缩的人。

But I must also say -- and I think every Cabinet member here will agree with me -- that the goals that you gave us are extraordinarily difficult to reconcile.

但我还必须说——我想这里的每一位内阁成员都会同意我的观点——你们给我们设定的目标是极其难以调和的。

Narrator: Budget Director David Stockman warned Reagan that without deep cuts, budget deficits could rise as high as one hundred billion dollars.

旁白：预算主任戴维·斯托克曼警告里根，如果不大幅削减预算，预算赤字可能高达一千亿美元。

But Reagan was convinced that his tax cut would stimulate productivity and ignite an economic boom.

但里根坚信，他的减税政策将刺激生产力并引发经济繁荣。

The government would then collect enough taxes to balance the budget.

然后政府将征收足够的税收来平衡预算。

It was called supply side economics, and even prominent Republicans were skeptical.

它被称为供给侧经济学，甚至连著名的共和党人也对此表示怀疑。

Senator: Howard Baker, Majority Leader : I came out of a meeting with the President, when he had described his economic program, which entailed pretty good sized tax cuts and I was asked by the gaggle of reporters outside the northwest entrance to the west wing of the Capitol what I thought of it, and I uttered the words that probably should go at the very top of the list of things I never should have said.

参议员：霍华德·贝克，多数党领袖：我刚与总统会面，当时他描述了他的经济计划，该计划需要相当大的减税规模，国会大厦西翼西北入口外的一群记者问我对此有何看法，我说出了可能应该排在我不应该说的话的最前面的话。

I said, "Well, altogether it's a riverboat gamble." And it was.

我说：“好吧，这完全是一场河船赌博。”确实如此。

Reagan: (archival) : It's time to recognize that we've come to a turning point.

里根：（档案）：是时候认识到我们已经来到了一个转折点。

We're threatened with an economic calamity of tremendous proportions, and the old business as usual treatment can't save us.

我们面临着巨大的经济灾难的威胁，旧的一切照旧的治疗方法无法拯救我们。

Together we must chart a different course.

我们必须共同制定一条不同的路线。

On February 18, I will present in detail an economic program to Congress.

2月18日，我将向国会提交详细的经济计划。

It will propose budget cuts in virtually every department of government.

它将提议削减几乎所有政府部门的预算。

Narrator: : The cuts fell most dramatically on programs designed to help the poor.

旁白：：旨在帮助穷人的计划的削减幅度最大。

"I'm trying to undo LBJ's Great Society," Reagan wrote in his diary.

“我正试图破坏林登·约翰逊的伟大社会，”里根在日记中写道。

"It was his war on poverty that led us to this mess." Reagan also called for a 30 percent tax cut across the board.

“正是他的反贫困斗争导致了我们陷入困境。”里根还呼吁全面减税30%。

All tax payers would benefit.

所有纳税人都将受益。

But the wealthy would benefit the most.

但富人将受益最多。

Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill vowed to fight.

众议院议长蒂普·奥尼尔发誓要战斗。

Reagan's program, he said "soaked the poor to subsidize the rich."

他说，里根的计划“让穷人补贴富人”。

Tip O'Neill: (archival) : He and I don't agree on his plan whatsoever.

提示奥尼尔：（档案）：他和我不同意他的计划。

I believe in the plan of fairness.

我相信公平的计划。

Very easy to put the question.

很容易提出问题。

The question is this: Do you make over $50,000 or less than $50,000.

问题是：您的收入是超过 50,000 美元还是低于 50,000 美元。

If you make over $50,000 then you are for the Republican plan because that's who it's geared for.

如果你的收入超过 50,000 美元，那么你就支持共和党的计划，因为这就是它的目标对象。

Reagan: (archival) : Just here to meet with the leadership and talk about our problems.

里根：（档案）：只是来这里会见领导层并讨论我们的问题。

Narrator: : Reagan faced a formidable task.

旁白：：里根面临着艰巨的任务。

For his economic package to become law, he would need to convince 26 of O'Neill's Democrats to break rank.

为了让他的经济方案成为法律，他需要说服奥尼尔领导下的 26 名民主党人打破常规。

In the first 100 days of his presidency Reagan met with 467 legislators and phoned many more.

在担任总统的头 100 天里，里根会见了 467 名立法者，并给更多议员打电话。

Once he called 29 members of congress in a single night.

有一次他一晚上给 29 名国会议员打电话。

James A.

詹姆斯·A.

Baker III, Chief of Staff: He never once moaned about having to make a Congressional call because President Reagan understood that we judge our Presidents on the basis primarily of their success, in getting their programs through the legislative branch.

贝克三世，参谋长：他从来没有抱怨过必须向国会发出呼吁，因为里根总统明白，我们主要根据他们的成功来评判我们的总统，即他们的计划在立法部门获得通过。

We would give him a script for each of these Congressional calls and he never missed it.

我们会给他每次国会电话会议的剧本，他从来没有错过过。

He was an extraordinarily hard worker.

他是一个非常勤奋的人。

Richard: Darman, Presidential Aide : Most of America thought that he was someone who watched television and went to bed.

理查德：达曼，总统助理：大多数美国人都认为他是一个看电视就上床睡觉的人。

He didn't.

他没有。

Every single night he would do a stack of work.

每天晚上他都会做一堆工作。

He would almost obsessively go through every single bit of paper he would get.

他几乎会痴迷地浏览他收到的每一张纸。

Indeed, the First Lady early on complained that I was keeping him up too late at night, but the too late was 2:30 in the morning.

事实上，第一夫人很早就抱怨我让他晚上睡得太晚，但太晚的时间是凌晨 2:30。

Narrator: : In his effort to sell his program, Reagan's best weapon was his power of persuasion.

旁白：：在努力推销他的计划时，里根最好的武器就是他的说服力。

Maureen Reagan: : He had the ability to project out of himself, that's what actors do.

莫琳·里根：他有能力表现出自己，这就是演员所做的。

They make you feel happy or sad.

它们让你感到快乐或悲伤。

They make you laugh and cry.

他们让你笑又哭。

They make you feel all of the emotions.

他们让你感受到所有的情绪。

And so when you're in politics and you want to get a message across to people you have to be able to go in front of yourself and to project out to those people.

因此，当你从政时，如果你想向人们传达信息，你必须能够走在自己的前面，并向那些人传达信息。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : All you wanted to do is fix the camera on his head and let him talk.

Deaver，副参谋长：：你只想把摄像头固定在他的头上，让他说话。

You didn't need him to walk around the desk or sit on the corner and do all of those things that people have to do to make politicians interesting.

你不需要他绕着桌子走来走去，或者坐在角落​​里，做所有那些人们必须做的事情，才能让政客变得有趣。

He was able to speak in ways that the American people believed and in a language that they understood.

他能够用美国人民相信的方式和他们理解的语言说话。

He vocalized their frustrations and hopes and fears and gave them a vision.

他表达了他们的沮丧、希望和恐惧，并给了他们一个愿景。

Reagan: (archival) : During recent months many of you have asked, what can you do to help make America strong again.

里根：（档案）：最近几个月，你们中的许多人都问，你们能做些什么来帮助美国再次强大。

I urge you again to contact your Senators and Congressmen.

我再次敦促您联系您的参议员和国会议员。

Tell them of your support for this bipartisan proposal.

告诉他们您对这项两党提案的支持。

Tell them you believe this is an unequaled opportunity to help return America to prosperity and make government again the servant of the people.

告诉他们，您相信这是一个无与伦比的机会，可以帮助美国恢复繁荣，并使政府再次成为人民的公仆。

James A.

詹姆斯·A.

Baker III, Chief of Staff: He would make a speech ah televised national address and say, "Call your Congressman, call your Senator, help me out.

贝克三世，参谋长：他会在电视转播的全国讲话中发表讲话，并说：“打电话给你的国会议员，打电话给你的参议员，帮帮我。

Here's what I want to do." And boy, the calls would flood the Congressional switchboards.

这就是我想做的。”天啊，国会总机里的电话将会蜂拥而至。

It was very, very effective.

这非常非常有效。

Narrator: : With every appeal, Reagan's conservative agenda gained momentum.

旁白：：随着每一次呼吁，里根的保守派议程获得了动力。

By March, two thirds of Americans favored the President's program -- especially the tax cut.

到三月，三分之二的美国人支持总统的计划——尤其是减税。

"Sometimes I have to pinch myself to see if this is real," said Deaver.

“有时我必须掐自己一下，看看这是不是真的，”迪弗说。

"So do I," Reagan replied with a smile.

“我也是，”里根微笑着回答。

On March 30th, 70 days into his presidency, Reagan delivered yet another pitch -- to a union convention at the Washington Hilton Hotel.

3 月 30 日，也就是就任总统 70 天后，里根在华盛顿希尔顿酒店举行的工会大会上再次发表演讲。

At 2:25 he left the meeting and approached his limousine.

2点25分，他离开会议，走近他的豪华轿车。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : I ran to the car behind the limousine.

副参谋长迪弗：：我跑向豪华轿车后面的车。

I thought we were going to the White House.

我以为我们要去白宫

We started going over dividers on Connecticut Avenue and I realized when we came into the port of the George Washington Hospital that we were going there.

我们开始越过康涅狄格大道上的分隔线，当我们进入乔治华盛顿医院的港口时，我意识到我们要去那里。

I jumped out of the car and Reagan's getting out of the car, and he always had this thing where he would pull his pants up to be sure they were just right, button his coat again, which he did when he got out of the limousine.

我跳下车，里根也下了车，他总是这样，他会拉起裤子以确保它们合适，然后再次扣上外套的扣子，当他从豪华轿车中下来时，他就会这样做。

And I thought, "He's fine" -- walked into the hospital, the minute he hit the door, he went down.

我想，“他很好”——走进医院，他一敲门，就倒下了。

Nancy: Reagan : When I got there, everybody's still telling me, "He hasn't been shot, he hasn't been hit." And I think it was Mike Deaver who was standing waiting for me and I think he was the one who told me, that ah, he'd been hit.

南希：里根：当我到达那里时，每个人仍然告诉我，“他没有被枪杀，他没有被击中。”我想是迈克·迪弗站在那儿等我，我想他是告诉我的，啊，他被击中了。

Narrator: : A deranged lone gunman, John Hinckley, Jr., had fired six bullets at the president.

旁白：：一名精神错乱的孤独枪手小约翰·欣克利向总统开了六枪。

One ricocheted off Reagan's limousine, and tore into his left lung missing his heart by an inch.

其中一颗子弹从里根的豪华轿车上弹开，撕裂了他的左肺，离心脏仅差一英寸。

Patti Davis, Daughter: I was afraid he would die and that he would die without me really knowing who my father was.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：我担心他会死，而且我担心他会在我不知道我父亲是谁的情况下死去。

I knew how close to death he was once I got to Washington, the country didn't know until years later.

当我到达华盛顿时，我知道他离死亡有多近，直到几年后，全国人民才知道。

Nancy Reagan: : He was so white.

南希·里根：：他太白了。

I have never seen anybody so white, and he had that thing over his face to help him breathe and there was blood.

我从来没有见过这么白的人，他脸上蒙着那个东西来帮助他呼吸，而且还有血。

And, he opened his eyes and saw me, and that's when he said, "honey I forgot to duck."

然后，他睁开眼睛看到了我，就在那时他说：“亲爱的，我忘了躲开。”

Narrator: : Reports of Reagan's courage reassured an anxious nation.

旁白：：关于里根勇气的报道让焦虑的国家感到安心。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : That was that moment when we really saw inside the man.

迪弗，副参谋长： 在那一刻，我们真正看到了这个人的内心。

We really saw what he was made of -- to be able to have that grace and that humor, at that particular time in this life.

我们真的看到了他的本质——在生命中的那个特定时刻能够拥有那种优雅和幽默。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: The quips to the doctors, about you know, "I hope you're all Republicans" and all that kind of stuff, and "Honey, I forgot to duck." You know, that wasn't some invention of somebody.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：对医生的俏皮话，关于你知道的，“我希望你们都是共和党人”之类的话，以及“亲爱的，我忘了躲开。”你知道，那不是某人的发明。

He was actually doing that.

他实际上就是这么做的。

And you know, probably going through his mind is, "Gee, I hope I'm not putting these people out."

你知道，他心里可能会想，“哎呀，我希望我没有把这些人赶出去。”

Reporters: (archival) : How are you feeling Mr. President?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您感觉如何？

How do you feel?

你感觉如何？

How do you feel?

你感觉如何？

Reporters: (archival) : What are you going to do when you get to the White House Mr. President.

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您到白宫后打算做什么？

What are you going to do when you get home?

你回家后打算做什么？

Narrator: : Reagan returned to the White House 12 days after being shot.

旁白：：里根在被枪杀12天后回到白宫。

Only those closest to him knew how transforming his near death experience had been.

只有最亲近的人知道他的濒死经历给他带来了多大的改变。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: I think it confirmed everything he'd ever been taught, beginning by his mother about God's plan for him as an individual.

理查德·诺顿·史密斯，里根图书馆前馆长：我认为这证实了他所接受的一切，从他母亲开始关于上帝对他个人的计划。

Mother Teresa came to the White House, with no fanfare, not long after the assassination attempt, and met privately with the President.

刺杀事件发生后不久，特蕾莎修女悄无声息地来到白宫，与总统私下会面。

And at the end of the meeting, she told the President that God had a plan for him and that God had intended for him to suffer.

会议结束时，她告诉总统，上帝对他有一个计划，并且上帝本来打算让他受苦。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: That was when he decided that the life which had been spared was now going to have to be put to the service of the God who had saved him.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：就在那时，他决定，现在必须将幸存的生命用来为拯救他的上帝服务。

He became much more devout and evangelical from that moment on.

从那一刻起，他变得更加虔诚和福音派。

His thoughts became slower, his speech became slower, he deliberated more, he hesitated more when he spoke.

他的思维变慢了，说话变慢了，考虑得更多了，说话的时候也犹豫了。

He lost his quickness.

他失去了敏捷。

And for the rest of the presidency, it was a very, very slow and steady mental and physical decline.

在总统任期的剩余时间里，这是一种非常非常缓慢和稳定的精神和身体衰退。

Sam: Donaldson, Journalist : Mrs. Reagan never recovered.

萨姆：唐纳森，记者：里根夫人再也没有康复。

Mrs. Reagan was horrified.

里根夫人吓坏了。

And she gave immediate instructions to Michael Deaver who was her contact in the Chief of Staff's Office, words to the effect, "This will never happen again -- you see to it." And they saw to it.

她立即​​向她在参谋长办公室的联系人迈克尔·迪弗发出了指示，大意是“这种事永远不会再发生——你要注意。”他们做到了。

He never walked across an airport tarmac.

他从未走过机场停机坪。

He never worked a fence line.

他从来没有在栅栏线上工作过。

He never got out of his limousine on a public sidewalk but it began to close down the presidency, even more from the standpoint of access to the average citizen, the average voter in this country.

他从未在公共人行道上下过他的豪华轿车，但这开始导致总统职位的关闭，尤其是从接触这个国家的普通公民、普通选民的角度来看。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: : It took Reagan out of most of the routine of being President.

传记作者卢·坎农：：这让里根摆脱了担任总统的大部分日常事务。

In a sense it aborted the inner life of the Presidency.

从某种意义上说，它破坏了总统职位的内在生活。

Put the Reagan Presidency on this track where Reagan was more distanced than he should have been from decision making.

让里根总统任期走上这条轨道，里根与决策的距离超出了他应有的距离。

Narrator: : On April 28th, four weeks after the attempt on his life, a barely recovered Reagan received a hero's welcome from Congress.

旁白： 4 月 28 日，即刺杀事件发生四个星期后，刚刚康复的里根受到了国会英雄般的欢迎。

Reagan: (archival) : Thank you.

里根：（档案）：谢谢。

Thank you.

谢谢。

You wouldn't want to talk me into an encore would you?

你不会想说服我加演吧？

Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, distinguished members of the Congress, honored guests and fellow citizens, I have no words to express my appreciation for that greeting.

议长先生、总统先生、尊敬的国会议员、尊贵的客人和同胞们，我无法用语言来表达我对这一问候的感激之情。

I have come to speak to you tonight about our economic recovery program and why I believe it's essential that Congress approve this package.

今晚我来和你们谈谈我们的经济复苏计划，以及为什么我认为国会批准这一计划至关重要。

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: There he was, almost Lazarus-like standing before the Congress.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：他就在那里，几乎像拉撒路一样站在国会面前。

Here's a guy who had survived a very deadly shot of an assassin and to come back with such élan and to ask for support was big stuff.

这是一个在一次致命的刺客枪击中幸存下来的人，带着如此的活力回来并寻求支持是件大事。

I mean, you're talking about Hollywood drama here and he played it for all it was worth and he should have.

我的意思是，你在这里谈论的是好莱坞戏剧，他尽其所能地表演了它，他应该这样做。

And I think that that's when he probably ran his vote up over the top.

我认为那时他可能会投票超过最高层。

Congressman: (archival) : On this vote the ayes are 238 the nays are 195.

国会议员：（档案）：本次投票中有 238 票赞成，195 票反对。

Narrator: : The Senate voted overwhelmingly in favor of his economic package.

旁白：：参议院以压倒性多数投票支持他的经济方案。

In the House, Reagan had convinced enough Democrats to break rank.

在众议院，里根说服了足够多的民主党人打破僵局。

He rejoiced in what he called "the greatest political win in half a century."

他对他所说的“半个世纪以来最伟大的政治胜利”感到高兴。

Tip O'Neill: (archival) : Mr. President.

蒂普·奥尼尔：（档案）：总统先生。

Congratulations, you're a tough adversary.

恭喜你，你是一个难缠的对手。

Well.

出色地。

No hard feelings old pal.

老朋友，没有什么难受的感觉。

It's a great two party system we have.

我们拥有一个很棒的两党制度。

We gave our best, and you outdid us.

我们已经尽力了，而你却超越了我们。

As a matter of fact you stunned us.

事实上，你让我们大吃一惊。

I never figured you could beat us that badly.

我没想到你能把我们打败得那么厉害。

You're a little stunned yourself.

你自己也有点愣住了。

Well listen I want to wish you all the success in the world.

好吧，听着，我祝愿你在世界上一切顺利。

The fiscal policy of the nation now belongs to you.

国家的财政政策现在属于你们了。

You've got two clear-cut victories up here.

你在这里已经取得了两次明显的胜利。

Narrator: : On August 13th, 1981 Reagan headed for his Ranch in the Sky to sign the bill which would turn his conservative agenda into law.

旁白：1981 年 8 月 13 日，里根前往他的空中牧场签署法案，将他的保守派议程转变为法律。

Richard: Darman, Presidential Aide : It was perfect for the imagery of the western romantic American tradition.

理查德：达曼，总统助理：它非常适合西方浪漫的美国传统形象。

Symbolically, an ideal place to start the ratification of step one of the Reagan Revolution..

具有象征意义的是，这是开始批准里根革命第一步的理想场所。

And so, it was a well chosen set, at least in concept.

因此，这是一个精心挑选的系列，至少在概念上是这样。

In reality, the particular day turned out to be one where you couldn't see much of anything.

事实上，这一天你什么也看不到。

There was this tremendous fog that poured in.

巨大的雾气涌了进来。

You could hardly see the President when he came out to sign the bill.

当总统出来签署法案时，你几乎看不到他。

So yes, the thought did cross my mind that maybe we were all doing something in a fog that is without as clear a vision as we should have had of what we were up to.

所以，是的，我确实想到过，也许我们都在迷雾中做一些事情，而对我们要做的事情没有像我们应该有的那样清晰的愿景。

Narrator: : The bill Reagan signed that day did not include a balanced budget.

旁白：：里根当天签署的法案不包括平衡预算。

Without further cuts, the United States would face the largest deficit in its history.

如果不进一步削减，美国将面临历史上最大的赤字。

Reporter: (archival) : How much more in budget cuts are you going to have to make over the next couple of years and will you still be able to balance the budget in '84.

记者：（档案）：未来几年你们还需要削减多少预算，84 年你们还能保持预算平衡吗？

Reagan: (archival) : Well, this has always been our goal and will continue to be our goal, but remember that we always said that there were further budget cuts for the coming years, for '83 and '84.

里根：（档案）：嗯，这一直是我们的目标，并将继续是我们的目标，但请记住，我们总是说，未来几年，83 年和 84 年，预算将进一步削减。

Narrator: : That Fall, budget director David Stockman told Reagan he would have to cut deep into defense spending -- the keystone of his anti-Soviet policy -- and social security if he wanted a balanced budget.

旁白：那年秋天，预算主任戴维·斯托克曼告诉里根，如果他想要平衡预算，他就必须大幅削减国防开支（这是他反苏政策的基石）和社会保障开支。

Richard: Darman, Presidential Aide : When he was presented with the question of whether he would reduce the rate of growth of defense, he decided not to and concluded that though he didn't want the deficit, the country would tolerate it if the economy were strong.

理查德：达曼，总统助理：当他被问到是否会降低国防增长率时，他决定不降低，并得出结论，虽然他不想要赤字，但如果经济强劲，国家会容忍赤字。

Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defense: : He always phrased it this way -- if it were a question of balancing the budget or regaining strong military capabilities, he'd always opt for the latter.

国防部长卡斯帕·温伯格：他总是这样表述——如果是平衡预算或恢复强大军事能力的问题，他总是选择后者。

And he never never wavered in that.

他对此从未动摇过。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: He had a chance to tackle entitlements, he had a chance to break Social Security costs and he wasn't willing to do it because he would have forfeited his most precious asset, his popularity, to do it.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作家：他有机会解决福利问题，他有机会打破社会保障成本，但他不愿意这样做，因为这样做他会失去他最宝贵的资产，他的声望。

And he wasn't willing to do that.

而他不愿意那么做。

Narrator: : Those were fateful decisions.

旁白：：那些是命运攸关的决定。

Reagan would never again have as good an opportunity to adjust his budget and avoid the ballooning deficits of the decade ahead.

里根再也没有这么好的机会来调整预算并避免未来十年不断膨胀的赤字。

That year, the economy took a downward turn.

那一年，经济出现下滑。

By November, blue-collar workers, who had voted for Ronald Reagan were losing their jobs.

到11月，投票给罗纳德·里根的蓝领工人开始失业。

Inflation had prompted the Federal Reserve Board to increase interest rates.

通货膨胀促使美联储提高利率。

Reagan was forced to admit that the nation was headed into a recession.

里根被迫承认国家正陷入衰退。

Reporter (archival): : Mr. President, your Secretary of the Treasury Donald Regan, yesterday gave a rather pessimistic view of the Nation's economy.

记者（档案）：总统先生，你们的财政部长唐纳德·里根昨天对国家经济发表了相当悲观的看法。

I think he called it a "real downer" that we were facing.

我认为他称这是我们面临的“真正的沮丧”。

Do you share his ah pessimistic view of the economy?

你同意他对经济的悲观看法吗？

Are we in for a real downer in your opinion?

您认为我们真的陷入了沮丧吗？

Reagan: (archival) : Well now, I don't know what his definitions is of a "real downer" I think that we're going to have some hard times for the next few months.

里根：（档案）：现在，我不知道他对“真正的沮丧者”的定义是什么，我认为接下来的几个月我们将经历一些困难时期。

I think we're going to see a pickup in the economy, and I think that Don Regan believes this also, in Spring or latest early Summer.

我认为我们将看到经济回升，我认为唐·雷根也相信这一点，在春季或最近的初夏。

Narrator: : That Spring, when the president vacationed at the home of actress Claudette Colbert there were no signs of improvement.

旁白： 那年春天，当总统在女演员克劳黛·科尔伯特 (Claudette Colbert) 的家中度假时，情况没有任何好转的迹象。

Reagan who had seen himself as coming to America's rescue began to be cast as callous and insensitive; "splashing in the lap of luxury, while Americans go hungry," one reporter wrote.

里根自认为是来拯救美国的，但他开始被认为是冷酷无情、麻木不仁的。一位记者写道：“美国人享受着奢侈的享受，而美国人却在挨饿。”

But the press reserved its harshest criticism for the First Lady.

但媒体对第一夫人保留了最严厉的批评。

Calling attention to her designer dresses.

引起人们对她的设计师服装的关注。

Her lavish entertainment.

她的奢华娱乐。

Her millionaire friends.

她的百万富翁朋友。

And her decision to spend $210,000 on new china.

她决定花 21 万美元购买新瓷器。

The extravagance added to the perception of insensitivity -- a perception Reagan bitterly resented.

这种铺张浪费让人感觉麻木不仁——里根对此深恶痛绝。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: His invariable line when the subject of poverty and homelessness was raised was I know all about the Depression because I was out hitchhiking across the landscape looking for work in the depths of the Depression.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris）：当谈到贫困和无家可归的话题时，他不变的台词是“我了解大萧条的一切，因为我在大萧条的最深处搭便车穿越大地寻找工作”。

I know about poverty.

我知道贫穷。

Actually it was just a matter of a couple of weeks.

事实上，这只是几周的事情。

He got a job very quickly and from January 1933 onward never had to look anywhere for a salary check.

他很快就找到了工作，从 1933 年 1 月起，再也不用到处寻找工资了。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: If you wanted something done by my father, if you wanted him to move a certain way on a certain policy, what you had to do was humanize it, bring him a person that's afflicted by some problem or another, and all of a sudden then it becomes very real to him

儿子罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根：如果你想让我父亲做某事，如果你想让他在某项政策上采取某种方式，你所要做的就是将其人性化，给他带来一个受某些问题困扰的人，突然之间，这对他来说变得非常真实

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : He would have three or four checks, personal checks in the top drawer of his desk, in the Oval Office and he was always running out of those checks because he was writing checks to people.

副参谋长迪弗：他在椭圆形办公室办公桌最上面的抽屉里有三到四张个人支票，但他总是用完这些支票，因为他要给人们写支票。

I went in there one time and he had written a check to some woman who was on welfare.

有一次我去那里，他给一位靠福利救济的妇女写了一张支票。

And the next month he got his bank statement.

下个月，他收到了银行对账单。

Well, you know, the bank statement had these checks and her check wasn't in it.

嗯，你知道，银行对账单上有这些支票，但里面没有她的支票。

So, he called her on the phone and said, "You know, you haven't cashed that check." She said, "Oh no, I framed it." He said, "Well my God I sent you that money so you'd have some money to eat.

于是，他打电话给她说：“你知道，你还没有兑现那张支票。”她说：“哦，不，我把它裱起来了。”他说：“天哪，我把钱寄给你，这样你就有钱吃饭了。

I'll send you another check, you keep that one framed and cash this one."

我会再寄给你一张支票，你把这张支票装在框里，然后兑现这张。”

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: Simply because he becomes aware of one person's plight and responds to it as human beings doesn't really solve the problem.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：仅仅因为他意识到一个人的困境并像人类一样做出反应并不能真正解决问题。

I mean he's basically responsible for the economic management of the United States and he has to deal with that responsibility, not simply as an individual citizen.

我的意思是，他基本上对美国的经济管理负责，他必须承担这一责任，而不仅仅是作为一个公民个人。

Narrator: : As the recession deepened through 1982, its effects were felt across America.

旁白： ：随着 1982 年经济衰退的加深，整个美国都感受到了其影响。

Farmers were driven off their land by high interest rates.

高利率迫使农民离开土地。

In the cities, homelessness became a scandal.

在城市里，无家可归成为了丑闻。

Thousands of businesses failed.

数以千计的企业倒闭了。

Unemployment reached its highest level since the Great Depression.

失业率达到大萧条以来的最高水平。

"I prayed a lot during this period," Reagan wrote, "not only for the country and people who were out of work, but for help and guidance in doing the right thing."

里根写道：“这段时间我做了很多祈祷，不仅为国家和失业的人们祈祷，而且为做正确的事情提供帮助和指导。”

Pressure on Reagan to change course mounted.

里根面临改变路线的压力。

His program -- now derided as "Reaganomics," -- had not only failed to produce growth, but was leading the nation into fiscal disaster.

他的计划——现在被嘲笑为“里根经济学”——不仅没有带来经济增长，反而导致国家陷入财政灾难。

"We are really in trouble," Reagan confided to his diary.

“我们真的遇到麻烦了，”里根在日记中吐露道。

"Our projections are out the window....

“我们的预测已经落空......

We look at $200 billion deficits if we can't pull off some miracles."

如果我们不能创造一些奇迹，我们就会面临 2000 亿美元的赤字。”

Even true believers were disillusioned.

即使是真正的信徒也幻灭了。

David Stockman, tired of arguing for cuts now urged the president to raise taxes.

戴维·斯托克曼（David Stockman）厌倦了主张削减开支，现在敦促总统提高税收。

"Reagan," wrote columnists Evans and Novak "was having to fight two thirds of his administration to save his economic program."

专栏作家埃文斯和诺瓦克写道：“里根不得不与政府三分之二的人进行斗争，以挽救他的经济计划。”

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: There are very few conventional politicians who would have stuck it out as he did.

里根图书馆前馆长理查德·诺顿·史密斯：很少有传统政客能像他一样坚持到底。

But he came to office imbued with a conviction that less government and lower taxes would resolve the pervasive sickness of the American economy.

但他上任时坚信，减少政府和降低税收将解决美国经济普遍存在的弊病。

And what he saw in 1982 was the fever that was about to break.

而他在1982年看到的是即将退烧的热潮。

Narrator: : Reagan stayed the course.

旁白：：里根坚持到底。

"I believed the economic recovery would work," he wrote, "because I had faith in those tax cuts and faith in the American people." But the American people were losing faith in Ronald Reagan.

“我相信经济复苏将会奏效，”他写道，“因为我对减税政策和美国人民充满信心。”但美国人民对罗纳德·里根失去了信心。

Man: (archival) : He'd better read the papers a little better, go down to the unemployment office and see all the people standing there, getting unemployment benefits -- those that can get em and those that have ran out of them and so forth.

男：（档案）：他最好多读读报纸，去失业办公室看看所有站在那里领取失业救济金的人——那些可以领取失业救济金的人和那些已经领不到失业救济金的人等等。

The president himself hasn't got the message yet.

总统本人还没有收到消息。

Second Man: (archival) : I don't like to turn to Welfare, but if that's what is gonna take to get by until this current economic situation is through that's what we'll have to do.

第二个人：（档案）：我不想求助于福利，但如果这是我们在当前的经济形势结束之前需要做的事情，那就是我们必须要做的。

Third Man: (archival) : I think the American dream is in the past.

第三人：（档案）：我认为美国梦已经成为过去。

It's long gone.

已经过去很久了。

Crowds: (archival) : What do we want?

众人：（档案）：我们想要什么？

Jobs.

乔布斯。

When do you want them?

你什么时候想要它们？

Now.

现在。

Narrator: : On November 2, in critical mid-term elections, voters would pass judgment on Ronald Reagan and his conservative program.

旁白：：11 月 2 日，在关键的中期选举中，选民将对罗纳德·里根和他的保守派计划做出判断。

Reagan watched as the American people gave a vote of no confidence by throwing 26 Republicans out of the House.

里根眼睁睁地看着美国人民投出不信任票，将 26 名共和党人驱逐出众议院。

The political disaster his staff had feared was upon him.

他的幕僚们担心的政治灾难降临在他身上。

Helen Thomas, Reporter (archival): : With 11.6 million people out of work would you be willing to have some cutbacks in defense spending to help these people who are out of work?

海伦·托马斯，记者（档案）： ：有 1160 万人失业，您是否愿意削减一些国防开支来帮助这些失业者？

Lou Cannon, Biographer: (archival) : Have you ruled out the possibility that would modify in anyway your call for an increased defense budget maybe just for this one year?

传记作者卢·坎农（Lou Cannon）：（档案）：您是否排除了以任何方式修改您增加国防预算的呼吁的可能性，也许只是这一年？

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan had vowed to fight Communism.

旁白：：罗纳德·里根发誓要与共产主义作斗争。

Now his defense build-up -- the chief weapon in his anti-Soviet crusade -- was coming under attack.

现在，他的防御建设——他反苏十字军东征的主要武器——正受到攻击。

In what might have been the largest peace time gathering in American history, nearly one million people rallied in Central Park to call for a freeze in nuclear weapons production.

这可能是美国历史上最大规模的和平时期集会，近百万人在中央公园集会，呼吁冻结核武器生产。

Woman: (archival) : All of us want to live and we want life for our children and our grandchildren.

女人：（档案）：我们所有人都想活下去，我们也希望我们的子孙能有生命。

Narrator: : Two years into his presidency the talk in Washington was of chaos and disarray.

旁白：：他就任总统两年后，华盛顿的谈话充满了混乱和无序。

"The question no longer is whether Reagan has failed," wrote a conservative analyst, "but the magnitude and ramifications of his failure."

一位保守派分析师写道：“问题不再是里根是否失败了，而是他失败的严重程度和后果。”

By January 1983, Reagan's approval rating had plummeted to 35 percent.

到 1983 年 1 月，里根的支持率骤降至 35%。

Her husband, Nancy confided to a reporter, might not seek a second term .

南希向记者透露，她的丈夫可能不会寻求连任。

Richard: Wirthlin, Pollster : I brought him the bad news that his job rating was low and he was very serious for a moment and then he smiled and he then reached over and patted me on the arm and said, "I know just what I can do about it.

理查德：沃思林，民意调查员：我给他带来了坏消息，他的工作评级很低，他有一段时间非常严肃，然后他微笑着，然后伸手拍拍我的手臂说：“我知道我能做些什么。

I'll go out and get shot again."

我出去再挨一枪。”

Narrator: : If Reagan's presidency failed, his crusade to protect America from big government, begun in 1964 would fail with it.

旁白：如果里根的总统任期失败，他自 1964 年开始的保护美国免受大政府侵害的运动也将随之失败。

His crusade to save the world from communism, begun in 1946 would fail too.

他于 1946 年开始的拯救世界免遭共产主义侵害的十字军东征也将失败​​。

Ronald Reagan had come to office to rescue America.

罗纳德·里根上任是为了拯救美国。

Now he was the one in need of rescue.

现在，他才是最需要救援的人。

Announcer: (archival) : Miene damen und herren - Mr. Ronald Reagan und Mrs. Nancy Reagan.

播音员：（档案）：Miene damen und herren - 罗纳德·里根先生和南希·里根夫人。

Narrator: : As a boy, Ronald Reagan inherited the values of the American heartland at the time of Calvin Coolidge -- a clear sense of right and wrong.

旁白：罗纳德·里根小时候继承了卡尔文·柯立芝时代美国腹地的价值观——明确的是非观念。

And self-reliance.

并自力更生。

His experience as a lifeguard left him with a sense he could rescue those in need.

作为救生员的经历让他觉得自己可以拯救那些需要帮助的人。

In the movies he played the hero who came to the rescue; he felt he was playing himself.

在电影中，他扮演拯救英雄的英雄；他觉得他在玩自己。

As President, the world was his stage.

作为总统，世界就是他的舞台。

The script was his own.

剧本是他自己的。

The possibilities of rescue were enormous.

救援的可能性是巨大的。

Reagan: (archival) : General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate.

里根：（档案）：戈尔巴乔夫总书记，如果你寻求和平，如果你寻求苏联和东欧的繁荣，如果你寻求自由化，请到这扇门来。

Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate.

戈尔巴乔夫先生，打开这扇门。

(applause)

（掌声）

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan had almost no experience in foreign policy, little knowledge of history, and a capacity to be disengaged that grew worse as he grew older.

旁白：罗纳德·里根几乎没有外交政策方面的经验，对历史知之甚少，而且随着年龄的增长，脱离接触的能力也越来越差。

But he never lost his sense of America's mission.

但他从未失去对美国使命的认识。

Reagan: (archival) : Mr. Gorbachev, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.

里根：（档案）：戈尔巴乔夫先生，戈尔巴乔夫先生，推倒这堵墙。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: : Reagan had a very old fashioned patriotism, which accepted unquestioningly American exceptionalism and America's role as a moral, as well as, a geographical beacon for the rest of the world.

里根图书馆前馆长理查德·诺顿·史密斯：里根有一种非常老式的爱国主义，他毫无疑问地接受美国例外论和美国作为世界其他国家的道德和地理灯塔的角色。

Reagan believed the evil empire was evil and Reagan believed that the United States was put here by God to combat the evil empire and to prevail.

里根认为邪恶帝国就是邪恶的，里根认为美国是上帝安排在这里对抗邪恶帝国并取得胜利的。

Narrator: : Ronald Reagan had been optimistic in 1980 that he could revitalize the economy and restore national confidence.

旁白：：罗纳德·里根在1980年曾乐观地认为他能够重振经济并恢复国民信心。

Reagan: (archival) : I am not frightened by what lies ahead and I don't believe the American people are frightened by what lies ahead.

里根：（档案）：我并不害怕未来的事情，我也不相信美国人民会害怕未来的事情。

Narrator: : Two years later Reagan realized many Americans were frightened.

旁白：：两年后，里根意识到许多美国人感到害怕。

They had lived through a recession for more than a year.

他们已经经历了一年多的经济衰退。

Voice: (archival) : They tell ya we got hundreds of people laid off, and we're not taking applications.

声音：（档案）：他们告诉你，我们有数百人被解雇，但我们不接受申请。

That's scary, too, because....

这也很可怕，因为……

2nd Voice: (archival) : We got people in the shop that voted for him, and they think it's the biggest mistake they ever made.

第二个声音：（档案）：我们店里有人投票给他，他们认为这是他们犯过的最大错误。

Man: (archival) : Reagonomics is right on, but, look at me, I used to work for these people, and now I gotta stand in line to get a box of cheese.

男：（档案）：Reagonomics 是正确的，但是，看看我，我曾经为这些人工作，现在我必须排队买一盒奶酪。

Narrator: His blue collar supporters were defecting.

旁白：他的蓝领支持者正在叛逃。

There might not be a second term.

可能不会有第二个任期。

Reagan's defense buildup had triggered protests at home by those who feared his finger on the nuclear trigger.And demonstrations in Europe that threatened the NATO alliance.

里根的国防建设在国内引发了抗议，人们担心他的手指会扣动核扳机。欧洲也引发了威胁北约联盟的示威活动。

If Reagan's presidency failed, his personal crusade against communism and the Soviet Union would fail with it.

如果里根的总统任期失败，他个人反对共产主义和苏联的十字军东征也将失败​​。

The passions that had consumed him since 1946 when he battled communists in Hollywood -- and an anonymous caller threatened to disfigure his face.

自 1946 年他在好莱坞与共产主义者作战以来，他的热情一直占据着他的心，一位匿名来电者威胁要毁容他的脸。

The passions that animated his presidency from the very start, 35 years later.

35 年后，这种激情从一开始就激发了他担任总统的热情。

Reagan: (archival) : I know of no leader of the Soviet Union since the revolution, including the present leadership, that has not more than once repeated in the various communist congresses they hold their determination that their goal must be the promotion of world revolution and a one world socialist or communist state.

里根：（档案）：据我所知，自革命以来，没有一个苏联领导人，包括现任领导层，在各次共产主义代表大会上不止一次地重申过他们的决心，即他们的目标必须是促进世界革命和一个世界社会主义或共产主义国家。

Now as long as they reserve unto themselves the right to commit any crime, to lie, to cheat, in order to attain that, I think when you do business with them, even at a détente, you keep that in mind.

现在，只要他们保留为实现这一目标而实施任何犯罪、撒谎、欺骗的权利，我认为当你与他们做生意时，即使在缓和的情况下，你也要牢记这一点。

Narrator: : Reagan rejected détente, the efforts of three presidents in the 1970s to lessen the tensions of the nuclear age through treaties.

旁白：：里根拒绝缓和紧张局势，即 20 世纪 70 年代三位总统为通过条约缓解核时代紧张局势所做的努力。

Treaties that allowed each side to build thousands more strategic nuclear warheads.

允许双方建造数千枚战略核弹头的条约。

He saw the Soviets projecting their power in Afghanistan, Africa, and Central America -- filling the void when America's resolve weakened after the failure in Vietnam.

他看到苏联在阿富汗、非洲和中美洲投射力量，填补了越南失败后美国决心减弱的空白。

He decided to confront them.

他决定与他们对抗。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: : He was not afraid of this monolith.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：：他并不害怕这块巨石。

I think he felt that Jimmy Carter was afraid and that Gerald Ford was, and who knows else.

我想他觉得吉米·卡特很害怕，杰拉德·福特也很害怕，谁知道呢。

Reagan was never afraid of the Soviet Union and he hated it very much.

里根从来不害怕苏联，而且非常讨厌苏联。

It's about the only powerful negative emotion he's had in his life was that animus against this totalitarian system.

他一生中唯一强烈的负面情绪就是对这个极权制度的敌意。

Narrator: : Within days of saying the Soviets lied and cheated, Reagan greeted their ambassador, Anatoli Dobrynin.

旁白：在指责苏联撒谎和欺骗的几天内，里根向他们的大使阿纳托利·多勃雷宁致意。

The "truth is, he and his wife are most likable," Reagan wrote, "and very much in love after 40 years of marriage.

里根写道：“事实是，他和他的妻子是最讨人喜欢的，在结婚 40 年后，他们非常相爱。

You wonder how they can stick with the Soviet system."

你想知道他们如何能够坚持苏联制度。”

Reagan approved an across the board military buildup, the most massive in peace time history.

里根批准了和平时期历史上最大规模的全面军备建设。

He told his Secretary of Defense to order what was needed and not to worry about the budget.

他告诉他的国防部长订购需要的东西，而不用担心预算。

Pentagon spending would reach $34 million per hour.

五角大楼每小时的支出将达到 3400 万美元。

From a position of strength, Reagan said, he would negotiate arms reductions.

里根表示，出于强势地位，他将进行军备削减谈判。

He would build up to build down.

他会先建起来再拆。

That was the stated goal.

这就是既定目标。

The unstated goal was more ambitious.

未阐明的目标更加雄心勃勃。

Richard Allen, National Security Adviser: : He did not want an arms race, but if there was to be an arms race, we were not going to lose it.

国家安全顾问理查德·艾伦：他不想要军备竞赛，但如果真的要进行军备竞赛，我们也不会输。

And that was the message he wanted to convey to the Soviets.

这就是他想向苏联传达的信息。

Namely that we would be willing to spend them into oblivion.

也就是说，我们愿意将它们消耗殆尽。

And it would be done peacefully, although the major expression of this spending race so to speak would be military.

尽管这场支出竞赛的主要表现形式可以说是军事方面的，但它会以和平的方式进行。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He had this overriding conviction that a strong military face presented by the United States for a year or two would bring this hostile system to its knees.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris）：他坚信，美国一两年内展现出的强大军事面孔将使这个敌对体系屈服。

Narrator: : In his campaign Reagan had told reporters the Soviet economy could not sustain an arms race.

旁白：：里根在竞选中告诉记者，苏联经济无法维持军备竞赛。

William Casey, his new CIA director, confirmed this.

他的新任中央情报局局长威廉·凯西证实了这一点。

Herbert E.

赫伯特·E。

Meyer, Special Assistant to CIA Director: What we realized is that the CIA was monitoring Soviet strengths.

中央情报局局长特别助理迈耶：我们意识到中央情报局正在监视苏联的实力。

It was not looking at Soviet weaknesses.

它没有考虑苏联的弱点。

And we felt that there were weaknesses.

我们认为存在弱点。

Now you can simultaneously be strengthening your armor and also dying of cancer.

现在你可以在强化你的盔甲的同时，也死于癌症。

And we started to look at that.

我们开始关注这一点。

The result is we came up with a very different perception of the Soviet Union than the conventional wisdom subscribed to.

结果是我们对苏联的看法与传统观点截然不同。

Narrator: : Reagan and Casey decided to push the Soviet Union to the point of collapse.

旁白：：里根和凯西决定将苏联推向崩溃的边缘。

Herbert E.

赫伯特·E。

Meyer, Special Assistant to CIA Director: It's very dangerous.

中央情报局局长特别助理迈耶：这非常危险。

And there were a lot of people who said, "Oh dear, you're right, the bear is wounded, don't poke sticks at a wounded bear." The Casey and Reagan approach was hey, my enemy is on his knees, it's a good time to break his head.

还有很多人说：“天哪，你说得对，熊受伤了，不要用棍子戳受伤的熊。”凯西和里根的做法是，嘿，我的敌人已经跪下了，现在是打破他头的好时机。

It's a very gutsy decision.

这是一个非常勇敢的决定。

They decided, not just those two, but among others, that they wanted to win the Cold War.

他们决定，不仅仅是他们两人，还有其他人，他们想赢得冷战。

And their definition of winning the Cold War was that the Soviet state would cease to exist.

他们对赢得冷战的定义是苏联国家将不复存在。

Narrator: : In 1981, Reagan saw a chance to strike at the heart of the Soviet empire.

旁白： 1981年，里根看到了打击苏联帝国心脏的机会。

The Polish workers movement, Solidarity, marched for democratic freedoms.

波兰工人运动“团结工会”为争取民主自由而游行。

When the government declared martial law, Reagan was determined to keep Solidarity alive.

当政府宣布戒严令时，里根决心维持团结工会的活力。

He met Pope John Paul II a few months later in June 1982.

几个月后，即 1982 年 6 月，他会见了教皇约翰·保罗二世。

Like Reagan, the Polish Pope had also survived an assassin's bullets in 1981.

和里根一样，这位波兰教皇也在 1981 年从刺客的子弹中幸存下来。

He too believed God had spared him for a special mission.

他也相信上帝饶恕了他，让他执行一项特殊使命。

The Pope would turn the Catholic Church in Poland into an underground Solidarity network.

教皇将把波兰的天主教堂变成一个地下团结工会网络。

Reagan imposed economic sanctions and committed the CIA to undermine the government and keep Solidarity alive.

里根实施了经济制裁，并委托中央情报局破坏政府并维持团结工会的活力。

If Poland were freed, they felt all Eastern Europe would follow.

如果波兰获得解放，他们认为整个东欧都会效仿。

Other covert actions were less peaceful.

其他秘密行动则不太和平。

In Afghanistan Reagan continued President Carter's policy of backing the factions fighting a Soviet invasion.

在阿富汗，里根继续执行卡特总统的政策，支持抵抗苏联入侵的各派系。

In Central America, the CIA began to train forces to harass the Sandinistas, the Soviet backed government in Nicaragua.

在中美洲，中央情报局开始训练部队骚扰苏联支持的尼加拉瓜政府桑地诺民族解放阵线。

The "Contras" became one of Reagan's favorite causes.

“反对派”成为里根最喜欢的事业之一。

Reagan: (archival) : They are the moral equal of our Founding Fathers and the brave men and women of the French resistance.

里根：（档案）：他们在道德上与我们的开国元勋和法国抵抗运动中勇敢的男女平等。

We can not turn away from them.

我们不能拒绝他们。

(applause) All they need is proof that we care as much about the fight for freedom 700 miles from our shores as the Soviets care about the fight against freedom 5,000 miles from theirs.

（掌声）他们所需要的只是证明我们同样关心距我们海岸 700 英里之外的争取自由的斗争，就像苏联人关心距他们海岸 5000 英里之外反对自由的斗争一样。

Narrator: : Reagan spoke to the hopes of people the world over who feared communism.

旁白：：里根说出了全世界害怕共产主义的人们的希望。

The "Great Communicator" had the actor's gift of connecting with his audience in a deeply personal way.

这位“伟大的沟通者”拥有演员的天赋，能够以一种深刻的个人方式与观众建立联系。

But in private he held himself apart.

但私下里他却保持着与世隔绝的态度。

Lyn Nofziger, Reagan Adviser: : I don't think anybody absolutely knows Ronald Reagan.

Lyn Nofziger，里根顾问：我认为没有人绝对了解罗纳德·里根。

There always seemed to be a kind of a veil between Reagan and the rest of the world.

里根和世界其他地方之间似乎总是存在着某种面纱。

And you know, not obvious or anything, but you kind of didn't get that last quarter of an inch through there.

你知道，这并不明显，但你没有到达最后四分之一英寸。

Patti Davis, Daughter: : My father's very shy emotionally.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：：我父亲在情感上非常害羞。

So I would say he is probably not as demonstrative as other people.

所以我想说他可能不像其他人那么外向。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: : I don't think in my life that I've ever had a real conversation with him.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：：我认为我一生中从未与他进行过真正的交谈。

Narrator: : Ron Reagan dropped out of Yale in 1976 and after four years of rigorous training became a professional ballet dancer.

旁白：罗恩·里根于1976年从耶鲁大学退学，经过四年的严格训练成为一名专业芭蕾舞演员。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: I remember once they had come to see me dance, and a little while later Mike Deaver came up to me and said, "You know, I was talking to your dad the other day and he said to me, 'I wonder if.

儿子罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根：我记得有一次他们来看我跳舞，过了一会儿，迈克·迪弗走过来对我说：“你知道，前几天我正在和你爸爸说话，他对我说，‘我不知道。

I wonder if Ron knows how proud of him I am.' And I said, 'well, he...

我想知道罗恩是否知道我为他感到多么自豪。我说，‘好吧，他...

did he delegate you to come and tell me?'

他委托你来告诉我吗？

You know.

你知道。

I...

我...

I, you know, I don't know, he's never told me.

我，你知道，我不知道，他从来没有告诉过我。

And I think, in effect, it was Mike Deaver sort of being assigned the task of you know, I don't think he put it in so many words, but you know, "go tell my son I'm proud of him." But I think he would have found it very difficult to say that himself.

我认为，实际上，迈克·迪弗（Mike Deaver）被分配了这样的任务，你知道，我不认为他用那么多话来表达它，但你知道，“去告诉我的儿子，我为他感到骄傲。”但我认为他自己也很难说出这样的话。

Narrator: : By 1982 many Americans thought Reagan's weapons buildup was madness.

旁白： ：到 1982 年，许多美国人认为里根的武器集结是疯狂的。

It energized a movement to freeze production of nuclear weapons.

它激发了冻结核武器生产的运动。

Reagan's crusade was against communism.

里根的十字军东征是反对共产主义的。

The freeze movement's was against the bomb.

冻结运动是反对炸弹的。

Use of the bomb, scientist Carl Sagan warned, would doom the earth to a "nuclear winter." A fate more likely, Reagan's opponents felt, with yet more bombs -- in the hands of the man who pacified Berkeley with bayonets.

科学家卡尔·萨根警告说，使用原子弹将使地球注定进入“核冬天”。里根的反对者认为，命运更有可能发生，因为更多的炸弹掌握在用刺刀平定伯克利的人手中。

Robert Dallek, Historian: : They saw him as something of a cowboy.

罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：：他们认为他有点像牛仔。

They identified him with Barry Goldwater, who in the 1964 campaign says, "We should think about lobbing one into the men's room of the Kremlin," you see.

他们认定他就是巴里·戈德华特 (Barry Goldwater)，后者在 1964 年的竞选活动中说道：“我们应该考虑将一名士兵扔进克里姆林宫的男厕所，”你瞧。

People would -- had bumper stickers in 1964 the, the Goldwater bumper sticker was "In Your Heart You Know He's Right." And the opponents said, "In Your Heart You Know He's Nuts," seeing him as a dangerous character who might provoke a nuclear war.

1964 年，人们会贴上保险杠贴纸，戈德华特的保险杠贴纸是“在你心里你知道他是对的”。反对者说，“你心里知道他疯了”，认为他是一个可能引发核战争的危险人物。

And Reagan was seen by many people as the heir of that rhetoric.

里根被许多人视为这种言论的继承人。

And he frightens people.

他让人们感到害怕。

Robert McNamara, Former Secretary of Defense: (archival) : The stocks of both Warsaw Pact and NATO have been increasing dramatically.

前国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉：（档案）：华沙条约组织和北约的库存都在急剧增加。

The deployments have been increasing.

部署数量一直在增加。

More and more one hears of the necessity of developing plans for fighting and winning nuclear wars.

越来越多的人听说有必要制定打赢核战争的计划。

Inconceivable to me.

对我来说不可思议。

Madness.

疯狂。

William Colby, Former CIA Director: (archival) : It is precisely a freeze which would stop the further build up of weapons aimed at our country.

前中央情报局局长威廉·科尔比：（档案）：正是冻结可以阻止针对我国的武器的进一步集结。

I think the freeze is both in the mutual interest of our two countries and is certainly verifiable.

我认为冻结符合我们两国的共同利益，而且当然是可以验证的。

Sen.

参议员。

Edward Kennedy: (archival) : I reject the absurd theory that we can have fewer nuclear bombs tomorrow only if we build more nuclear bombs today.

爱德华·肯尼迪：（档案）：我拒绝这种荒谬的理论，即只有我们今天制造更多的核弹，明天我们才能拥有更少的核弹。

Rally Host John Shea: (archival) : We are the people.

集会主持人约翰·谢伊：（档案）：我们是人民。

We want no more nuclear weapons.

我们不想再有核武器。

Narrator: : By the spring, the freeze had grown into an enormous grass roots movement.

旁白：到了春天，冻结已经发展成为一场巨大的草根运动。

A freeze resolution was introduced in Congress.

国会提出了一项冻结决议。

On June 12, nearly one million Americans rallied in Central Park to send a message to Ronald Reagan.

6月12日，近百万美国人在中央公园集会，向罗纳德·里根传达信息。

Dr. Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility: (archival) : His motto is "Arm to Disarm." Those bombs will produce a nuclear war called "On the Beach" where every person on the earth dies of radioactive fallout within a few weeks.

海伦·卡尔迪科特博士，社会责任医师协会：（档案）：他的座右铭是“武装到解除武装”。这些炸弹将引发一场名为“海滩”的核战争，几周内地球上的每个人都会死于放射性尘埃。

That's what these new bombs mean and that's what the President is doing.

这就是这些新炸弹的意义，也是总统正在做的事情。

Dr. Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility: : I thought he could possibly press the button.

海伦·卡尔迪科特博士，社会责任医师协会：：我认为他可能会按下按钮。

Yeah.

是的。

I was terrified.

我很害怕。

And I didn't understand why people had this adulation for him.

我不明白为什么人们对他如此崇拜。

Mike Farrell: (archival) : Say a warm hello to Patti Davis.

迈克·法雷尔：（档案）：向帕蒂·戴维斯问好。

Narrator: : Reagan's daughter Patti Davis made her movement debut in the Hollywood Bowl.

旁白：里根的女儿帕蒂·戴维斯在好莱坞露天剧场首次亮相。

Survival Sunday, 1981.

生存周日，1981 年。

Patti Davis, Daughter: My motives were the same as everybody else's.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：我的动机和其他人一样。

But I wasn't like everybody else.

但我和其他人不一样。

My father was sitting in the White House.

我父亲坐在白宫里。

So, you know, I was out there with the intention of speaking in a sense, for world peace, but the best thing I could have done for world peace that day, I think, was to stay home.

所以，你知道，我在那里的目的是为了世界和平，但我认为那天我能为世界和平做的最好的事情就是呆在家里。

Because really all I was communicating was that I was at war with my father.

因为实际上我所传达的只是我正在与父亲交战。

Reporter: (archival) : Have you ever tried to influence your father on this issue or would you ever try?

记者：（档案）：在这个问题上你有没有尝试过或者会尝试影响你的父亲吗？

Patti Davis, Daughter: (archival) : We discuss it.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：（档案）：我们讨论它。

We discuss it.

我们讨论一下。

Narrator: : Patti Davis met Dr. Caldicott at a star studded fundraiser for the freeze movement at Hugh Heffner's Playboy mansion in Hollywood.

旁白：帕蒂·戴维斯在休·赫夫纳位于好莱坞的花花公子宅邸举行的一场众星云集的冻结运动筹款活动中认识了卡尔迪科特博士。

She invited Dr. Caldicott to the White House to try to convert her father.

她邀请卡尔迪科特博士到白宫试图改变她父亲的信仰。

Dr. Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility: To break the ice, I said to him, "You probably don't know who I am, do you?" And he said, "Yes, I do.

海伦·卡尔迪科特医生，社会责任医师协会：为了打破僵局，我对他说：“你可能不知道我是谁，是吗？”他说：“是的，我愿意。

You're an Australian, you read "On the Beach" when you were a young girl, and you're scared of nuclear war." And I said, "Yes, that's right." He said, "Well I too am scared of nuclear war, but our ways to prevent it differ.

你是澳大利亚人，小时候读过《在海滩上》，你害怕核战争。”我说，“是的，没错。”他说，“我也害怕核战争，但我们防止核战争的方法不同。

I believe in building more bombs."

我相信制造更多的炸弹。”

After we'd been talking for about an hour, he reached into his inside pocket and pulled a piece of paper out.

我们聊了大约一个小时后，他把手伸进内袋，拿出一张纸。

And he'd written in this backhand writing of his "People who work for the nuclear weapons freeze are either KGB dupes or Soviet agents." And I said, "But that's from last month's Reader's Digest." And he said, "No," he said, "it's from my intelligence files."

他反手写道：“为冻结核武器而工作的人要么是克格勃的骗子，要么是苏联特工。”我说：“但那是上个月《读者文摘》的内容。”他说，“不，”他说，“这是来自我的情报档案。”

Patti Davis, Daughter: There was so much around that visit and in the background of that visit that made it impossible for it to be an open dialogue.

帕蒂·戴维斯（Patti Davis），女儿：那次访问以及那次访问的背景发生了太多事情，导致不可能进行公开对话。

Dr. Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility: Patti didn't really participate, she was deeply involved watching, except at one point where I had a document I wanted to show him, and I was bending down to my briefcase to pick it up, and she said, I heard her say, "Daddy I know that what the doctor is saying is correct because I've got a 1982 Pentagon document to prove it." And he looked at her and he said, "That's a forgery." I mean he didn't even ask her where it is.

海伦·卡尔迪科特医生，社会责任医生：帕蒂并没有真正参与，她深深地参与观看，除了有一次我想给他看一份文件，我弯下腰去公文包捡起它，她说，我听到她说，“爸爸，我知道医生说的是正确的，因为我有一份 1982 年五角大楼的文件可以证明这一点。”他看着她说：“那是伪造的。”我的意思是他甚至没有问她它在哪里。

You know, what document it was.

你知道，那是什么文件。

Anything.

任何东西。

He just said, "That's a forgery." I was stunned.

他只是说：“那是伪造的。”我惊呆了。

Narrator: : Dr. Caldicott recalled the meeting as "the most disconcerting" of her life..."I left the White House hardly able to walk from shock and staggered back to my hotel..." "I shared her fear about what the remaining years of my father's administration would bring,"

旁白：卡尔迪科特博士回忆说，这次会面是她一生中“最令人不安的”……“我离开白宫时几乎无法从震惊中走出来，摇摇晃晃地回到我的酒店……”“我和她一样担心我父亲余下的任期会带来什么，”

Patti wrote.

帕蒂写道。

"I sat at the dinner table that night drinking too much wine.

“那天晚上我坐在餐桌旁喝了太多酒。

I felt like I'd let down an entire movement."

我感觉我整个动作都失败了。”

Dr. Caldicott is "a nice, caring person," Reagan wrote in his diary.

里根在日记中写道，卡尔迪科特博士是“一个友善、有爱心的人”。

"But she is all steamed up.

“但她已经气喘吁吁了。

I couldn't get through her fixation.

我无法摆脱她的执着。

For that matter I couldn't get through to Patti.

就此而言，我无法联系帕蒂。

I'm afraid our daughter has been taken over by that whole gang."

恐怕我们的女儿已经被那帮人霸占了。”

William Sloane Coffin: (archival) : Good-bye nuclear weapons.

威廉·斯隆·科芬：（档案）：再见核武器。

Forever good-bye.

永远再见。

Narrator: : For all their disagreements, Reagan shared with the anti-nuclear activists an abhorrence of nuclear weapons.

旁白：尽管里根与反核活动人士存在分歧，但他们都对核武器怀有同样的憎恶。

If the bomb made Helen Caldicott worry about "On the Beach" or Carl Sagan about "nuclear winter," it made Ronald Reagan worry about Armageddon -- the Biblical prophecy of the end of the world.

如果说这颗原子弹让海伦·卡尔迪科特担心《海滩上》或卡尔·萨根担心“核冬天”，那么它让罗纳德·里根担心世界末日——圣经中关于世界末日的预言。

Michael Deaver, Deputy Chief of Staff: : I heard him on more than one occasion talk about Armageddon.

迈克尔·迪弗，副参谋长：：我不止一次听到他谈论世界末日。

And I think he believed in all of the prophecies in Revelations.

我认为他相信《启示录》中的所有预言。

When they talked about the metal horses or the iron horses and so forth, he would refer to those as the tanks.

当他们谈论金属马或铁马等时，他将这些称为坦克。

There was no difference in other words he said you could take those descriptions of what was going to happen and show that that was exactly what we were moving towards today ourselves unless we did something about it.

换句话说，他说你可以接受那些对将要发生的事情的描述，并表明这正是我们今天正在走向的目标，除非我们对此采取行动。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He was a passionate anti-nuclear idealist, Reagan.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：里根是一位热情的反核理想主义者。

I don't know if this is understood as much as it should be.

我不知道这样的理解是否达到了应有的程度。

The very notion of mass destruction by nuclear weapons was deeply abhorrent to him.

核武器造成大规模杀伤性的概念本身就令他深恶痛绝。

Narrator: : In July 1979 Reagan had visited the Air Defense Command, deep under Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado.

旁白： 1979 年 7 月，里根参观了位于科罗拉多州夏安山深处的防空司令部。

The trip reinforced his aversion to the conventional wisdom of the nuclear age -- that there is no defense against a missile attack.

这次旅行加深了他对核时代传统观念的厌恶——即无法防御导弹袭击。

Only the threat of retaliation.

只有报复的威胁。

Martin Anderson, Senior Adviser: : On the plane coming home, I was discussing this with Reagan.

马丁·安德森，高级顾问： 在回国的飞机上，我正在与里根讨论这个问题。

He said, look, the President has two bad choices.

他说，看，总统有两个糟糕的选择。

If a nuclear missile is fired at the United States you can either do nothing, let the missile land and explode and kill a lot of people -- or, you can retaliate.

如果向美国发射核导弹，你要么什么也不做，让导弹着陆并爆炸并杀死很多人——或者，你可以进行报复。

And, you're told the missile is coming in, you get 10, 15 minutes before it hits.

而且，你被告知导弹即将袭来，你还有 10、15 分钟的时间才击中。

So, you'd push your own button and punish the aggressor.

所以，你应该按下自己的按钮并惩罚侵略者。

You you know where the missile's coming from and maybe set off a nuclear war between the United States and Soviet Union and have an Armageddon, destroy most of our civilization.

你知道导弹来自哪里，也许会引发美国和苏联之间的核战争，并引发世界末日，摧毁我们大部分文明。

And he said, both choices are bad choices.

他说，这两种选择都是糟糕的选择。

There has to be another way and we need to really explore the whole question of missile defense.

必须有另一种方法，我们需要真正探索导弹防御的整个问题。

Narrator: : The most controversial initiative of his presidency reflected the Ronald Reagan who had faith in America.

旁白： ：总统任期内最具争议的举措反映了罗纳德·里根对美国的信心。

And in his own ability to rescue.

并且以自己的能力进行救援。

And to prevail.

并取得胜利。

Reagan: (archival) : I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.

里根：（档案）：我呼吁我们国家的科学界，那些为我们提供核武器的人，现在将他们的伟大才能转向人类和世界和平的事业，为我们提供使这些核武器变得无效和过时的方法。

Let me share with you a vision of the future which offers hope.

让我与大家分享一个充满希望的未来愿景。

It is that we embark on a program to counter the awesome Soviet missile threat with measures that are defensive.

我们着手实施一项计划，以防御性措施应对可怕的苏联导弹威胁。

Narrator: : To Reagan, defense was a moral imperative.

旁白：：对于里根来说，防御是道义上的当务之急。

But a daunting task to those who had to work out the details.

但这对于那些必须解决细节的人来说是一项艰巨的任务。

Perhaps there would be satellites in space with computer guided lasers that would zap enemy missiles.

也许太空中会有带有计算机制导激光的卫星来摧毁敌方导弹。

Most scientists dismissed Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative or SDI as unworkable.

大多数科学家认为里根的战略防御计划（SDI）行不通，因此不予考虑。

He was known to have a rich imagination.

众所周知，他拥有丰富的想象力。

Anthony Lewis, Columnist: : I think Ronald Reagan really believed in SDI.

安东尼·刘易斯，专栏作家：我认为罗纳德·里根真的相信 SDI。

I think he had this view that, I mean it was like the way he used to talk about events that had actually happened in the movies as if they really had happened.

我认为他有这样的观点，我的意思是，这就像他过去谈论电影中实际发生的事件的方式，就好像它们真的发生过一样。

I think he was -- like, you know, Star Wars -- the movie.

我认为他就是——就像，你知道的，星球大战——这部电影。

Reagan: (archival) : Alright Haydon, focus that inertia projector on them, and let 'em have it.

里根：（档案）：好吧，海顿，将惯性投影仪聚焦在他们身上，让他们拥有它。

Narrator: : The "Star Wars" in which Reagan starred was filmed in 1939.

旁白：：里根主演的《星球大战》拍摄于1939年。

Reagan: (archival) : The inertia projector.

里根：（档案）：惯性投影仪。

It's a device for throwing electrical waves capable of paralyzing alternate and direct currents at their source.

它是一种发射电波的装置，能够使交流电和直流电的来源瘫痪。

Man: (archival) : The inertia projector.

男子：（档案）：惯性投影仪。

It not only makes the United States invincible in war.

它不仅使美国在战争中所向无敌。

But in so doing, promises to be the greatest force for world peace ever discovered.

但这样做的话，它有望成为有史以来最强大的世界和平力量。

Narrator: : It was sometimes difficult for Ronald Reagan to distinguish fantasy from reality.

旁白：：罗纳德·里根有时很难区分幻想与现实。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: : He believed in this so strongly that he began to think that SDI was in existence when it wasn't even on the drawing board.

传记作者卢·坎农 (Lou Cannon)：：他对此坚信不疑，以至于在 SDI 还没有出现在绘图板上时，他就开始认为它已经存在。

That he so passionately, passionately wanted there to be a nuclear defense.

他如此热情、热情地希望建立核防御系统。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: In a loose way it was a religious notion, the City of God surrounded by an inviolable barrier.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：从某种意义上来说，这是一种宗教观念，上帝之城被不可侵犯的屏障包围着。

The weapons of the heathen will bounce off our shield and shatter into fragments.

异教徒的武器会从我们的盾牌上弹开并粉碎成碎片。

We will be inviolable here beneath this shield.

在这面盾牌之下，我们将是不可侵犯的。

Shield, shield, he used the word shield a lot.

盾牌，盾牌，他用了很多次盾牌这个词。

Narrator: : Reagan presented SDI as a benign shield.

旁白：：里根将 SDI 视为良性的盾牌。

The soothing rhetoric may have disguised another motive.

舒缓的言辞可能掩盖了另一个动机。

James Baker III, Chief of Staff: : I think President Reagan saw SDI as being yet another pressure on the Soviets, as something that they could not withstand and I think he was right.

参谋长詹姆斯·贝克三世：我认为里根总统将 SDI 视为对苏联的又一压力，是他们无法承受的，我认为他是对的。

Whether it would work or not, it was a heck of a challenge to the Soviet empire, which was having a very difficult time competing ah economically and otherwise.

无论它是否有效，这对苏联帝国来说都是一个巨大的挑战，因为苏联帝国在经济和其他方面都处于非常困难的竞争时期。

Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Ministry, USSR: : The first reaction was really frightening.

Alexander Bessmertnykh，苏联外交部：第一反应确实令人恐惧。

I mean people were just enormously frightened by that program.

我的意思是，人们对这个计划感到非常害怕。

Pavel Palazchenko, Foreign Ministry, USSR: : In part, I think, because it probably revealed in their minds the impossibility for the Soviet Union to really compete in that area because of our technological inferiority at that time.

帕维尔·帕拉琴科（Pavel Palazchenko），苏联外交部：我认为，部分原因在于，这可能在他们看来表明，由于我们当时的技术劣势，苏联不可能在该领域真正竞争。

Narrator: : SDI became an expensive research project.

旁白：：SDI 成为一项昂贵的研究项目。

Reagan's dream of making missiles obsolete was for the future.

里根淘汰导弹的梦想是为了未来。

He still had to cope with their threat.

他仍然需要应对他们的威胁。

Before he took office the Soviet Union had deployed highly mobile missiles that could wipe out Western Europe in minutes.

在他上任之前，苏联已经部署了高度机动的导弹，可以在几分钟内消灭西欧。

NATO had decided to counter them with a new generation of US missiles but also to negotiate limits on all the missiles.

北约决定用美国新一代导弹来对抗它们，但也决定对所有导弹进行限制谈判。

Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger, who had little interest in negotiating, suggested a negotiating position: if the Soviets pulled out all their missiles, NATO would not deploy any new ones.

对谈判兴趣不大的国防部长卡斯帕·温伯格提出了一个谈判立场：如果苏联撤出所有导弹，北约就不会部署任何新导弹。

This so-called "zero option" was a very hard line.

这种所谓的“零选择”是一条非常强硬的路线。

Reagan bought it.

里根买了它。

Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defense: : The President said that that would be very good if we could get that and I said, "Yes, one of the arguments you're going to hear, Mr. President, is that the Soviets will never agree to this, and therefore, we shouldn't even propose it because that means we can't get an agreement."

国防部长卡斯帕·温伯格：总统说，如果我们能做到这一点那就太好了，我说，“是的，总统先生，你将听到的论点之一是，苏联永远不会同意这一点，因此，我们甚至不应该提出它，因为这意味着我们无法达成协议。”

Richard Allen, National Security Adviser: : Why should the Soviets have any incentive to remove what they already had in place?

国家安全顾问理查德·艾伦（Richard Allen）：：为什么苏联应该有动力取消他们已经拥有的东西？

And the whole arms control community, the professional arms controllers, believed strongly that this was unfair.

整个军控界，即专业军控人员，都坚信这是不公平的。

It would be unfair, unjust to ask the Soviets to do this.

要求苏联这样做是不公平、不公正的。

Besides everyone knew that the Soviets had this fundamental sense of insecurity, so we shouldn't exacerbate that sense of insecurity.

而且大家都知道苏联人有这种根本上的不安全感，所以我们不应该加剧这种不安全感。

That's exactly what Reagan wanted to do, was to exacerbate the feeling of insecurity.

这正是里根想要做的，就是加剧不安全感。

It was very simple.

很简单。

Narrator: : The face that Reagan showed the world early in his term was that of his hawkish advisors -- provocative and uncompromising.

旁白：里根在上任之初向世界展示的就是他的鹰派顾问的面孔——挑衅性和不妥协的态度。

Reagan (archival): : The United States is prepared to cancel its deployment of Pershing 2 and ground-launched missiles if the Soviets will dismantle their SS-20, SS-4 and SS-5 missiles.

里根（档案）：如果苏联拆除 SS-20、SS-4 和 SS-5 导弹，美国准备取消部署潘兴 2 和地面发射导弹。

This would be an historic step.

这将是历史性的一步。

With Soviet agreement, we could together substantially reduce the dread threat of nuclear war which hangs over the people of Europe.

有了苏联的同意，我们就可以共同大幅减少欧洲人民面临的核战争的可怕威胁。

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, what are the chances the Soviet Union will accept your proposals?

记者：（档案）：主席先生，苏联接受您的建议的可能性有多大？

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : It was took as a joke.

苏联外交部谢尔盖·塔拉森科 (Sergei Tarasenko)：：这被视为一个笑话。

Nobody in his right mind thought of the possibility of zero-option.

没有一个头脑正常的人会想到零选择的可能性。

No. We, at that time, we thought that we would be able to make a deal.

不，我们当时，我们认为我们能够达成协议。

We'll keep part of the our missiles.

我们将保留部分导弹。

We'll somehow split Europe and the United States.

我们会以某种方式分裂欧洲和美国。

It was always in the cards -- this big game.

这场盛大的比赛总是有可能发生的。

Say, to make some division between major European countries and the United States -- playing on their fears -- fears of nuclear war, you know -- this winter -- nuclear winter or some awful scenarios.

比如说，在欧洲主要国家和美国之间进行一些划分——利用他们的恐惧——对核战争的恐惧，你知道——今年冬天——核冬天或一些可怕的情况。

Narrator: : The Soviets sought to exploit legitimate European anxieties of a nuclear war fought on the soil of Europe, already bristling with nuclear weapons on both sides.

旁白：：苏联试图利用欧洲对在欧洲土地上爆发核战争的合理担忧，因为欧洲双方都已经拥有核武器。

Demonstrators marched for a nuclear free Europe.

示威者为欧洲无核化而游行。

If they succeeded, the NATO alliance which had held together for 32 years to thwart Soviet advances would be in shambles.

如果他们成功了，32年来团结一致阻止苏联前进的北约联盟将陷入混乱。

Tony Benn: (archival) : This may be, this may be the greatest political meeting ever held in this country.

托尼·本：（档案）：这可能是这个国家有史以来举行的最伟大的政治会议。

Narrator: : Reagan arrived in Great Britain as NATO's crisis escalated.

旁白：：随着北约危机升级，里根抵达英国。

Speaker: (archival) : Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. President Reagan.

发言者：（档案）：女士们、先生们，里根总统先生。

Narrator: : In his speech to Parliament he went beyond the missile debate to highlight his broader goals, the crusade of his lifetime.

旁白：在议会演讲中，他超越了导弹辩论，强调了他更广泛的目标，即他一生的十字军东征。

Reagan: (archival) : What I am describing now is a plan and a hope for the long term.

里根：（档案）：我现在描述的是一个计划和长期的希望。

The march of freedom and democracy which will leave Marxism, Leninism, on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self-expression of the people.

自由和民主的进程将使马克思主义、列宁主义被扔进历史的灰堆，就像它让其他扼杀自由、压制人民自我表达的暴政一样。

Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister: : Ash heap of history.

英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔：：历史的灰堆。

Hitler had been dispatched to the ash heap of history.

希特勒已被送入历史的灰堆。

If you look at that whole sentence, he was saying that our purpose is that these tyrannists, as past tyrannists, should be consigned to the ash heap of history.

如果你看整句话，他是说我们的目的是让这些暴君作为过去的暴君，应该被扔进历史的灰堆。

He was right.

他是对的。

Reagan: (archival): Let us now begin a major effort to secure the best, a crusade for freedom that will engage the faith and fortitude of the next generation.

里根：（档案）：让我们现在开始一项重大努力，以确保最好的结果，一场争取自由的运动，这将激发下一代的信念和毅力。

For the sake of peace and justice, let us move toward a world in which all people are at last free to determine their own destiny.

为了和平与正义，让我们走向一个所有人最终都能自由决定自己命运的世界。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Narrator: : As he preached his message of freedom and built up America's defenses, Reagan avoided talking to the Russians.

旁白：：当里根宣扬自由的信息并建立美​​国的防御时，他避免与俄罗斯人交谈。

But he knew that would change.

但他知道情况会改变。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : He wanted to engage with the Soviets.

国务卿乔治·舒尔茨：：他想与苏联接触。

You kind of got the impression from a distance that he didn't, that he just wanted to have -- be militarily strong and that was it.

从远处看，你会得到这样的印象：他没有，他只是想要——军事上强大，仅此而已。

But that wasn't it at all.

但事实并非如此。

He could see as a good negotiator that you negotiate effectively when you're strong but also that your strength erodes unless you use it.

他认为，当你强大时，你可以有效地进行谈判，但如果你不使用它，你的力量就会被削弱，这是一个优秀的谈判者。

As a negotiator he didn't want to just stand on strength.

作为一名谈判者，他不想仅仅依靠实力。

Narrator: : But Reagan seldom took the initiative.

旁白：：但是里根很少采取主动。

He has been compared to a Turkish pasha awaiting overtures from his advisors.

他被比作等待顾问示好的土耳其帕夏。

In February 1983, Secretary Shultz asked if he wanted to talk to Ambassador Dobrynin.

1983 年 2 月，舒尔茨国务卿询问他是否想与多勃雷宁大使交谈。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : And he said, wonderful.

国务卿乔治·舒尔茨：：他说，太棒了。

And that set off a big fight inside the White House because his staff didn't want him to do that.

这在白宫内部引发了一场激烈的争斗，因为他的工作人员不希望他这样做。

I think that they didn't want to have these discussions, and they didn't have as much confidence in him as I did.

我认为他们不想进行这些讨论，他们对他没有我那么大的信心。

But he just smiled and brushed them off and said, bring him over.

但他只是笑笑，不理睬他们，说，把他带过来吧。

And I did.

我做到了。

Narrator: : Reagan pushed human rights with Dobrynin -- urging him to help with the emigration of Russian Pentecostals, Christian dissidents who had been living in the basement of the American embassy in Moscow for almost five years.

旁白：：里根与多勃雷宁一起推动人权——敦促他帮助俄罗斯五旬节派人士移民，这些基督教异见人士已经在莫斯科美国大使馆的地下室里生活了近五年。

A few months later they were allowed to leave the country.

几个月后，他们被允许离开该国。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : And the deal was, we'll let them out if you don't crow.

乔治·舒尔茨，国务卿： ：协议是，如果你不叫嚣，我们就让他们出去。

And Ronald Reagan never said a word.

罗纳德·里根从未说过一句话。

It was the first deal he made, but it was unknown, and I think it was impressive to the Soviets because it showed them number one, he kept his word, even though it was very tempting politically to trumpet what he had done.

这是他达成的第一笔协议，但它是未知的，我认为这对苏联人来说印象深刻，因为它向他们展示了第一，他信守诺言，尽管在政治上宣扬他所做的事情非常诱人。

And number two, it showed them that he really cared about human rights.

第二，这向他们表明他确实关心人权。

Narrator: : It was not Reagan the negotiator but Reagan the crusading ideologue who addressed Evangelical supporters a few weeks later.

旁白：几周后向福音派支持者发表讲话的不是谈判代表里根，而是十字军思想家里根。

Congress was about to vote on the freeze resolution which could jeopardize his deployment of missiles in Europe.

国会即将就冻结决议进行投票，这可能会危及他在欧洲部署导弹。

And Reagan was about to give his most controversial speech.

里根即将发表他最具争议的演讲。

Reagan (archival): : So in your discussions of the nuclear freeze proposals, I urge you to beware the temptation of pride, the temptation of blithely declaring yourselves above it all and label both sides equally at fault, to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire, to simply call the arms race a giant misunderstanding and thereby remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil.

里根（档案）：因此，在你们讨论核冻结提案时，我敦促你们谨防骄傲的诱惑，高高兴兴地宣称自己凌驾于一切之上并给双方贴上同样有过错的标签的诱惑，无视历史事实和邪恶帝国的侵略冲动，简单地将军备竞赛称为巨大的误解，从而使自己脱离是非善恶的斗争。

Let us be aware that while they preach the supremacy of the state, declare its omnipotence over individual man, and predict its eventual domination of all peoples on the earth, they are the focus of evil in the modern world.

让我们意识到，虽然他们宣扬国家至高无上，宣称国家对个人拥有无所不能，并预言国家最终统治地球上所有人民，但他们却是现代世界邪恶的焦点。

George F.

乔治·F.

Will, Columnist: : People recoiled in horror.

专栏作家威尔：：人们惊恐地退缩。

They said, you can't talk this way.

他们说，你不能这样说话。

Reagan said, I'm doing it on purpose because the whole thrust of détente had been to demoralize our foreign policy.

里根说，我是故意这样做的，因为缓和关系的全部目的就是挫伤我们外交政策的士气。

Ronald Reagan wanted to remoralize it.

罗纳德·里根想要重新激励它。

Let's tell them that we think they are thugs and that they are ah a focus of evil in the modern world and let's get the American people back into the Cold War as a moral, I'll say, crusade.

让我们告诉他们，我们认为他们是暴徒，他们是现代世界邪恶的焦点，让我们让美国人民回到冷战，作为一种道德的十字军东征。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He saw a lack of freedom.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：他看到了自由的缺乏。

He saw social degradation.

他看到了社会的退化。

He hated what he saw.

他讨厌他所看到的。

He at least understood and was courageous enough to articulate to the rest of the world that what there is over there is despicable.

他至少理解并且有足够的勇气向世界其他地方表明那里的事情是卑鄙的。

It's evil.

这是邪恶的。

One of the oldest words in any language.

任何语言中最古老的单词之一。

Evil.

邪恶的。

Robert Dallek, Historian: This was the rhetoric of the 1950s that you cannot have compromise with evil.

历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：这是 20 世纪 50 年代的言论，即你不能与邪恶妥协。

You cannot have compromise with a Soviet system that is intent upon our destruction.

你不能与一心要毁灭我们的苏联制度妥协。

And Reagan is harking back to this early Cold War rhetoric and thinking, you see.

你看，里根正在回想起冷战早期的言论和思考。

And people find it frightening, they find it chilling.

人们发现它令人恐惧，他们发现它令人不寒而栗。

Thomas Watson: (archival) : The danger we face today warrants laying aside all other matters.

托马斯·沃森（Thomas Watson）：（档案）：我们今天面临的危险需要搁置所有其他问题。

Even staying in session day and night if that is required.

如果需要的话，甚至可以日夜参加会议。

Averill Harriman: (archival) : The dangers are great.

艾夫里尔·哈里曼：（档案）：危险是巨大的。

And therefore any negotiations that could be started, I'm for.

因此，我支持任何可以开始的谈判。

Senator Tsongas: (archival) : You're going to be the only administration going back to the '50s that either did not negotiate a treaty with the Soviets or met with them.

特松加斯参议员：（档案）：您将成为上世纪 50 年代唯一一个既没有与苏联谈判条约也没有与苏联会面的政府。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: (archival) : So be it.

国务卿乔治·舒尔茨：（档案）：就这样吧。

I don't think we want to get ourselves in the position where we don't want to be the only administration that didn't make an arms control agreement, and so therefore let's go make one.

我认为我们不想让自己陷入这样的境地：我们不想成为唯一没有达成军备控制协议的政府，所以让我们去制定一个吧。

That's no way to approach it.

那是没有办法接近它的。

Narrator: : Early in the morning of September 1st, 1983, a Korean airliner strayed into Soviet air space.

旁白： 1983年9月1日凌晨，一架韩国客机误入苏联领空。

It was shot down with the loss of 269 lives.

它被击落，造成 269 人丧生。

Newsweek wrote: "The world witnessed the Soviet Union that Ronald Reagan had always warned against."

《新闻周刊》写道：“世界目睹了罗纳德·里根一直警告要提防的苏联。”

Reagan: (archival) : This was the Soviet Union against the world and the moral precepts which guide human relations among people everywhere.

里根：（档案）：这是苏联对抗世界的道德准则，指导世界各地人民之间的人际关系。

It was an act of barbarism, born of a society which wantonly disregards individual rights and the value of human life and seeks constantly to expand and dominate other nations.

这是一种野蛮行径，诞生于一个肆意无视个人权利和人类生命价值、不断寻求扩张和统治其他国家的社会。

Narrator: : Reagan's rhetoric was tough, but when Weinberger urged him to break off arms talks with the Soviets, he resisted.

旁白：里根的言辞很强硬，但当温伯格敦促他中断与苏联的军备谈判时，他拒绝了。

He sided with Shultz who urged him to remain engaged.

他站在舒尔茨一边，舒尔茨敦促他继续参与。

In the Kremlin the rhetoric was also harsh.

克里姆林宫的言论也很严厉。

The Soviets compared Reagan to Hitler.

苏联人将里根与希特勒相提并论。

Called him mad.

骂他疯了。

The question for Soviet leader Yuri Andropov was how to engage Ronald Reagan.

苏联领导人尤里·安德罗波夫面临的问题是如何与罗纳德·里根接触。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The latter months of 1983 when Andropov had to come to terms with the knowledge that he was a dying man, plus the knowledge that Ronald Reagan was a much more formidable adversary than had originally been assumed, that he was not an old stupid ideologue, but that he was actually a very canny and determined warrior, the combination of these two realizations, these two perceptions on Andropov's part, brought about, I believe, the selection of Mikhail Gorbachev to be his successor.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：1983年的最后几个月，安德罗波夫不得不接受这样的事实：他是一个垂死的人，再加上罗纳德·里根是一个比最初想象的更强大的对手，他不是一个老愚蠢的空想家，而实际上他是一个非常精明和坚定的战士，这两种认识，安德罗波夫的这两种看法的结合，导致了我相信，安德罗波夫选择了米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫将成为他的继任者。

Andropov started grooming Gorbachev in 1983 as the only likely Soviet leader who would be able to handle this formidable, adamantine anti-communist on the other side of the Atlantic.

1983年，安德罗波夫开始将戈尔巴乔夫培养成唯一有可能与大西洋彼岸这位强大、坚定的反共分子打交道的苏联领导人。

Narrator: : On Nov 20, 1983, 100 million Americans watched The Day After , a television movie which portrayed the effects of a nuclear war on Lawrence, Kansas.

旁白： 1983 年 11 月 20 日，一亿美国人观看了一部电视电影《后天》，该电影描绘了核战争对堪萨斯州劳伦斯市的影响。

Reagan saw a preview.

里根看到了预览。

"It was a scenario," he wrote, "that could lead to the end of civilization as we knew it." The film aired on the eve of the deployment of American missiles in Germany.

“这是一个场景，”他写道，“可能会导致我们所知道的文明的终结。”该影片在美国在德国部署导弹前夕播出。

The inveterate optimist confided: it "left me greatly depressed." But undeterred, Reagan dispatched the missiles to Europe on schedule.

这位顽固的乐观主义者坦言：这“让我非常沮丧”。但里根并没有被吓倒，他如期向欧洲发射了导弹。

Reagan's goal was to negotiate from strength.

里根的目标是通过实力进行谈判。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : The deployment of INF missiles in Germany particularly, but Britain and Italy too, showing the strength and cohesion of the NATO alliance was a Cold War turning point.

国务卿乔治·舒尔茨：中程导弹的部署尤其是在德国，但英国和意大利也是如此，显示了北约联盟的力量和凝聚力，是冷战的转折点。

You have to have -- show the strength before you can have effective diplomacy.

在进行有效的外交之前，你必须先展示实力。

George F.

乔治·F.

Will, Columnist: There was a whole generation of people who were always haunted by the prospect that our amiable, undisciplined democracy wouldn't have the staying power, it would just get outlasted.

专栏作家威尔：整整一代人总是被这样一种前景所困扰，即我们和蔼可亲、缺乏纪律的民主制度不会有持久的力量，它只会被淘汰。

We said, "Well maybe they're just tougher than we are and, stupidity armed with discipline will win after all." And that was what at issue in the early 1980s was whether or not democracies would crack.

我们说，“好吧，也许他们只是比我们更强硬，用纪律武装起来的愚蠢终究会获胜。”这就是 20 世纪 80 年代初的问题：民主是否会崩溃。

If NATO had decided upon a deployment and had then been unable to follow through on it, the Soviet Union could have had a new burst of confidence, the Atlantic Alliance would have been cracked, and who knows what would have happened.

如果北约已经决定部署，但后来却无法贯彻执行，苏联可能会重新爆发信心，大西洋联盟就会被破解，谁知道会发生什么。

It didn't turn out to be the case in large measure again, because the President was staying the course internationally as well as domestically.

事实证明，在很大程度上，情况并没有再次出现，因为总统在国际上和国内上都坚持到底。

Pavel Palazchenko, Foreign Ministry, USSR (archival): : The present round of the negotiations is discontinued.

Pavel Palazchenko，苏联外交部（档案）： ：本轮谈判已终止。

Without any date set for their resumption.

没有确定恢复日期。

Narrator: : Soviet delegates walked out of the arms control negotiations.

旁白：：苏联代表退出军控谈判。

For the first time in more than 20 years there were no superpower talks.

20多年来第一次没有超级大国会谈。

Helen Thomas, Reporter: (archival) : Senator Byrd says that our relations with Soviet Union have reached the lowest point in 20 years.

记者海伦·托马斯：（档案）：伯德参议员说，我们与苏联的关系已达到 20 年来的最低点。

And six eminent world leaders today said that we are headed for global suicide.

今天，六位杰出的世界领导人表示，我们正在走向全球自杀。

What are you going to do about it with this arms race?

对于这场军备竞赛你打算怎么办？

Reagan: (archival) : I don't think we are, and I don't think we're any closer or as close as we might have been in the past to a possible conflict or confrontation that could lead to a nuclear conflagration.

里根：（档案）：我不认为我们是这样，我也不认为我们像过去那样接近可能导致核大火的冲突或对抗。

Narrator: : Some in the Kremlin also worried about Reagan's intentions.

旁白：：克里姆林宫的一些人也对里根的意图感到担忧。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : First Deputy Foreign Minister Kornienko asked me to come to his office.

谢尔盖·塔拉先科，苏联外交部：：外交部第一副部长科尔尼延科邀请我去他的办公室。

He showed me a Politburo paper informing us that the United States have plans all prepared and in place for first strike against the Soviet Union with first priority to destroying all command center and structures of the country.

他向我展示了一份政治局文件，通知我们美国已准备好并实施了对苏联的首次打击计划，首要任务是摧毁该国的所有指挥中心和建筑物。

And Kornienko asked me to prepare some paper which would send a signal that we know about these plans and we will not be caught unprepared.

科尔尼延科要求我准备一些文件，以发出一个信号，表明我们了解这些计划，我们不会措手不及。

Narrator: : When Reagan read intelligence reports indicating the Soviets had feared a first strike, he turned to his National Security Advisor Bud McFarlane and said, "Do you suppose they really believe that?

旁白：当里根读到情报报告表明苏联担心第一次打击时，他转向他的国家安全顾问巴德·麦克法兰说：“你认为他们真的相信这一点吗？

I don't see how they would believe that.

我不明白他们怎么会相信这一点。

But it's something to think about." Later that day he worried about Armageddon.

但这是值得考虑的事情。”那天晚些时候，他担心世界末日。

Robert C.

罗伯特·C.

McFarlane, National Security Adviser: : When he talked about it, he would be genuinely anguished and would physically withdraw and lean forward and with quiet passion explain his fear that Armageddon was at hand and that unless he tried to move us away from this incredible nuclear threat of each other, that it could happen in his lifetime and he was determined to do something about it.

麦克法兰，国家安全顾问：当他谈到这件事时，他会感到真正的痛苦，他会身体后退，身体前倾，并以平静的激情解释他对世界末日即将到来的恐惧，除非他试图让我们远离这种令人难以置信的相互核威胁，否则这种情况可能会在他有生之年发生，他决心为此做点什么。

Narrator: : But Reagan had something to cheer about.

旁白：：但是里根有一些值得欢呼的事情。

In 1983, after 16 months of recession Americans slowly went back to work.

1983 年，经过 16 个月的经济衰退后，美国人慢慢重返工作岗位。

Spurred by tax cuts, lower inflation and government spending, the economy began to improve.

在减税、通胀下降和政府支出的刺激下，经济开始好转。

The recovery would turn into an unprecedented boom -- that lasted for eight years.

复苏将变成前所未有的繁荣——持续了八年。

In 1984, the President could campaign on America's renewed confidence.

1984 年，总统可以凭借美国重新树立的信心开展竞选活动。

Campaign Spot Narrator: (archival) : It's morning again in America.

活动现场旁白：（档案）：美国又到了早晨。

Today more men and women will go to work than ever before in our country's history.

今天，将有比我国历史上任何时候都多的男性和女性去工作。

With interest rates and inflation down, more people are buying new homes.

随着利率和通货膨胀的下降，越来越多的人购买新房。

And our new families can have confidence in the future.

我们的新家庭可以对未来充满信心。

American today is prouder and stronger and better.

今天的美国人更加自豪、更加强大、更加美好。

Why would we want to return to where we were, less than four short years ago?

为什么我们要回到不到四年前的状态？

Ed Rollins, Campaign Manager: : We'd come through the darkness of the night.

埃德·罗林斯（Ed Rollins），竞选经理：：我们度过了漆黑的夜晚。

We'd come through the economic crises and the recession of '82.

我们经历了 82 年的经济危机和经济衰退。

We're now to a point where we'd rebuilt the defenses of the country.

我们现在已经到了重建国家防御的地步。

The military, basically, felt good about themselves again which they clearly didn't in 1980.

基本上，军队再次自我感觉良好，而 1980 年他们显然没有这种感觉。

The American country felt good about itself again, which it clearly didn't in 1980.

美国再次自我感觉良好，但 1980 年显然没有这种感觉。

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: Of course, it was "Morning in America," they were running the biggest deficits in history, and pouring stimulus into the economy and everybody was happy and nobody was afraid.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：当然，这是“美国的早晨”，他们正在实施历史上最大的赤字，并向经济注入刺激措施，每个人都很高兴，没有人害怕。

So, the middle class -- the minute the middle class in this country no longer fears unemployment, it gets very very conservative.

所以，中产阶级——这个国家的中产阶级一旦不再担心失业，就会变得非常非常保守。

When it fears unemployment, it identifies with poor people because it says, we're next.

当它担心失业时，它就会认同穷人，因为它说，我们就是下一个。

But, as long as they figure, we're next to get rich, in a time of a boom, they're very conservative.

但是，只要他们认为，我们就是下一个致富的对象，在繁荣时期，他们就非常保守。

Narrator: : As he had in 1980, Reagan would reach out to blue collar workers.

旁白：：正如 1980 年那样，里根将向蓝领工人伸出援手。

His appeal amazed his opponents.

他的呼吁令他的对手感到惊讶。

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: He didn't know anybody by name.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：他不知道任何人的名字。

He didn't even know his own HUD Secretary, Sam Pierce.

他甚至不认识自己的住房和城市发展部部长萨姆·皮尔斯。

He called him Mr. Mayor when he met him one time.

有一次见到他时，他称他为市长先生。

I mean, a man like that who is so unfamiliar with the individuals he has to deal with, you would think was an idiot but he wasn't because Ronald Reagan knew one person and I don't know who this person is, maybe I've never met him but this person is the American people.

我的意思是，像这样一个人，他对自己要打交道的人如此不熟悉，你会认为他是个白痴，但他不是，因为罗纳德·里根认识一个人，而我不知道这个人是谁，也许我从未见过他，但这个人是美国人民。

Even though Ronald Reagan lives in Bel Air, and he hangs around with the Bloomingdales, somehow he still evokes the guy that goes to the Knights of Columbus and plays cards on Friday night.

尽管罗纳德·里根住在贝尔艾尔，而且常去布鲁明戴尔百货公司，但不知怎么的，他仍然让人想起那个周五晚上去哥伦布骑士团打牌的人。

That guy who struggles every day just to make it through the week, who worries about never having a vacation, who's afraid he might get sick and lose his health insurance.

那个每天都在努力度过一周的人，他担心自己没有假期，担心自己可能会生病并失去健康保险。

That guy thought Ronald Reagan was his guy.

那家伙认为罗纳德·里根是他的人。

Thought Ronald Reagan was looking out for him.

以为罗纳德·里根在照顾他。

That's an amazing power.

那是一种惊人的力量。

But he knew who he was talking to, and he talked to them.

但他知道他在和谁说话，他也和他们说话。

Reagan: (archival) : Alright.

里根：（档案）：好的。

I'm willing if you are.

如果你愿意的话我也愿意

Narrator: : Things were going well until one August day at his ranch.

旁白：：一切进展顺利，直到八月的一天在他的牧场发生。

Reagan: (archival) : Alright.

里根：（档案）：好的。

My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever.

我的美国同胞们，今天我很高兴地告诉你们，我已经签署了永久取缔俄罗斯的立法。

We begin bombing in five minutes.

五分钟后我们开始轰炸。

Narrator: : That gaffe before an open mike helped Reagan's opponent.

旁白：：在开放式麦克风前的失态帮助了里根的对手。

Former Vice President Walter Mondale appealed to voters worried about Reagan's hard-line toward the Soviets.

前副总统沃尔特·蒙代尔向担心里根对苏联强硬路线的选民发出呼吁。

Walter Mondale: (archival) : He opposed every agreement by Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford and Carter.

沃尔特·蒙代尔：（档案）：他反对肯尼迪、约翰逊、尼克松、福特和卡特的每一项协议。

Every one of them - to control nuclear armaments.

他们中的每一个 - 控制核武器。

He has conducted an arms race on earth, and now he wants to extend it to the heavens.

他在地球上进行了一场军备竞赛，现在他要把它延伸到天上。

Richard Wirthlin, Pollster: : The public generally felt a little more comfortable with the way Walter Mondale described how he would negotiate than they did with Reagan's peace through strength platform because they could not really see at that juncture how peace could be realized through strength.

理查德·沃斯林（Richard Wirthlin），民意调查者：公众普遍对沃尔特·蒙代尔描述的谈判方式比对里根通过实力实现和平的平台感到更舒服，因为他们当时无法真正看到如何通过实力实现和平。

Commercial Narrator: (archival) : There is a bear in the woods.

广告旁白：（档案）：树林里有一只熊。

For some people the bear is easy to see.

对于某些人来说，熊很容易看到。

Others don't see it at all.

其他人根本看不到。

Some people say the bear is tame.

有人说熊很驯服。

Others say it's vicious.

也有人说这是恶毒。

And dangerous.

而且很危险。

Since no one can really be sure who is right, isn't it smart to be as strong as the bear?

既然没有人能真正确定谁是对的，那么像熊一样坚强不是明智之举吗？

If there is a bear.

如果有熊的话。

Narrator: : How close to get to the bear had been an issue for almost four years.

旁白：：距离熊有多近一直是近四年来的一个问题。

Reagan's key White House advisors who had opposed dealing with the Soviets had either left or been eased out by Nancy Reagan as she maneuvered behind the scene.

里根的那些反对与苏联打交道的主要白宫顾问要么离开了，要么在南希·里根在幕后操纵时被她解雇了。

When Reagan invited Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to pay a visit before the election, Nancy was delighted.

当里根在选举前邀请苏联外长葛罗米柯来访时，南希很高兴。

"For years," she wrote "it had troubled me that my husband was always portrayed as a warmonger."

“多年来，”她写道，“我的丈夫总是被描绘成好战分子，这让我很困扰。”

Nancy Reagan: : Andrei Gromyko came up to me and said "Does your husband believe in peace?" And I said, "Well of course." And he said, "Well then will you whisper that in his ear every night?" And I said, "Yes I will, and I'll whisper it in your ear too."

南希·里根：安德烈·葛罗米柯走过来对我说：“你的丈夫相信和平吗？”我说：“当然。”他说：“那你每天晚上都会在他耳边低声说这句话吗？”我说：“是的，我会的，我也会在你耳边低语。”

Narrator: : The meeting helped defuse one of Mondale's campaign issues.

旁白：：这次会议帮助解决了蒙代尔的竞选问题之一。

But a few days later Reagan's age -- 73 -- became an issue.

但几天后，里根 73 岁的年龄成了一个问题。

In his first television debate he seemed confused.

在他的第一次电视辩论中，他显得很困惑。

Reagan: (archival) : We have.

里根：（档案）：我们有。

Our military.

我们的军队。

The morale is high.

士气高昂。

The, I think, the people should understand that two-thirds of the defense budget pays for pay and salary.

我认为，人们应该明白，国防预算的三分之二用于支付工资和薪水。

Or pay and pension.

或者工资和养老金。

Narrator: : Nancy blamed Reagan's staff and wanted to fire Richard Darman who she felt had swamped Reagan with too many facts.

旁白：南希指责里根的工作人员，并想解雇理查德·达曼，她认为理查德·达曼向里根提供了太多事实。

Henry Trewhitt: , Baltimore Sun (archival) : You already are the oldest President in history.

亨利·特威特：《巴尔的摩太阳报》（档案）：您已经是历史上最年长的总统了。

And some of your staff say you were tired after your most recent encounter with Mr. Mondale.

您的一些员工表示，最近一次与蒙代尔先生会面后，您感到很累。

I recall yet that President Kennedy had to go for days on end with very little sleep during the Cuban missile crisis.

我还记得，在古巴导弹危机期间，肯尼迪总统不得不连续几天几乎不睡觉。

Is there any doubt in your mind that you would be able to function in such circumstances?

您是否怀疑自己在这种情况下能否正常工作？

Reagan: (archival) : Not at all, Mr. Trewhitt.

里根：（档案）：一点也不，特雷维特先生。

And I want you to know that also I will not make age an issue of this campaign.

我想让你们知道，我也不会将年龄作为这次竞选的一个问题。

I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience.

我不会为了政治目的而利用对手的年轻和缺乏经验。

Narrator: : The age issue would not go away.

旁白：：年龄问题不会消失。

But Reagan routed Walter Mondale with 59% of the vote.

但里根以 59% 的选票击败了沃尔特·蒙代尔。

"We can read," Tip O'Neill would later tell him.

“我们可以读书，”蒂普·奥尼尔后来告诉他。

"In my 50 years in public life, I've never seen a man more popular than you with the American people."

“在我50年的公共生活中，我从未见过比你更受美国人民欢迎的人。”

Lou Cannon, Biographer: If there's one constant in American Presidential politics, it's that landslides are poison to the winner.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作家：如果说美国总统政治中有一个不变的事实，那就是压倒性胜利对胜利者来说是毒药。

I mean Roosevelt's landslide, he packs the Supreme Court.

我指的是罗斯福的压倒性胜利，他挤满了最高法院。

Johnson's landslide, we go to war in Vietnam, you know.

约翰逊的压倒性胜利，我们在越南开战，你知道。

Nixon's landslide we have the Watergate cover-up.

尼克松的压倒性胜利我们掩盖了水门事件。

Landslides are just murderous for the winner.

山体滑坡对于胜利者来说简直是致命的。

I mean because there's so much power in that place.

我的意思是因为那个地方有太多的力量。

If you give a guy and you say, he's won everything and I've carried every state except Minnesota, then you've got to look out.

如果你给一个人你说，他赢得了一切，而我赢得了除明尼苏达州以外的每个州，那么你必须要小心了。

Reagan: (archival) : I think that's just been arranged.

里根：（档案）：我认为这是刚刚安排好的。

Narrator: : In the next four years Reagan would see his best days as President and his worst.

旁白：在接下来的四年里，里根将经历他作为总统的最好时光和最糟糕的日子。

Without the help of his oldest advisors.

没有他最年长的顾问的帮助。

His troika was burned out.

他的三驾马车被烧毁了。

Michael Deaver who had been with Reagan since he became governor would soon leave government.

自从里根成为州长以来一直跟随他的迈克尔·迪弗很快就会离开政府。

Edwin Meese who had been with him just as long left to became Attorney General.

埃德温·米斯 (Edwin Meese) 与他共事了很长时间，后来成为司法部长。

Chief of staff James Baker became Treasury Secretary switching jobs with Don Regan who became the new chief of staff.

幕僚长詹姆斯·贝克 (James Baker) 出任财政部长，与唐·里根 (Don Regan) 接任新任幕僚长。

Ed Rollins, Campaign Manager: : Everybody else that was left in the White House had no history with Reagan.

竞选经理艾德·罗林斯：：留在白宫的其他人都与里根没有过往。

They hadn't been in his campaign.

他们没有参加他的竞选活动。

They hadn't been from California.

他们不是来自加利福尼亚州。

They hadn't been, most of them hadn't been on the first term and Don Regan had his staff from Treasury, so it was sort of like you know I was always convinced that the President would wake up someday and say where have all my friends gone.

他们没有，他们中的大多数人都没有在第一任期，而唐·雷根的工作人员来自财政部，所以有点像你知道的，我一直相信总统有一天会醒来，说我所有的朋友都去了哪里。

His friends were still around government.

他的朋友们仍在政府周围。

They weren't in the White House day in day out controlling what he saw or the information flow that he had.

他们并没有日复一日地在白宫控制他所看到的内容或他所拥有的信息流。

Narrator: The little boy who could not form attachments simply let his old friends go.

旁白：无法形成依恋的小男孩干脆就让他的老朋友走了。

He did not seem to realize how well they'd taken care of him.

他似乎没有意识到他们把他照顾得有多好。

Lyn Nofziger, Reagan Adviser: : When Don Regan became chief of staff, one of the pieces of advice I gave him was, "Don go out and get your own Mike Deaver.

林恩·诺夫齐格（Lyn Nofziger），里根顾问：：当唐·里根（Don Regan）成为幕僚长时，我给他的建议之一是，“别出去找你自己的迈克·迪弗（Mike Deaver）。

Somebody who will listen to Nancy and take care of her needs and so forth because if you don't then she will call you all the time and it's hard to get your work done when you're talking to Nancy all the time." And so he said fine but he didn't do it.

有人会倾听南希的意见并照顾她的需求等等，因为如果你不这样做，那么她会一直打电话给你，当你一直和南希说话时，你很难完成工作。”所以他说好，但他没有这么做。

He thought that he could separate the two of them, and he couldn't.

他以为他可以分开他们两个，但他做不到。

Narrator: : The "Mommy watch" would fall to Don Regan.

旁白：：“妈妈手表”将落到唐·雷根手中。

Regan would try to do alone what a staff of three had done in the first term.

里根将尝试独自完成三名员工在第一学期所做的事情。

And do it in a style many thought was too imperious.

而且这样做的方式在许多人看来过于专横。

Ed Rollins, Campaign Manager: : I mean Don Regan was a tyrant.

竞选经理埃德·罗林斯：我的意思是唐·里根是一个暴君。

And he was miscast as a chief of staff and never thought of himself as staff.

他被错误地定位为参谋长，从来不认为自己是参谋。

He thought of himself as Deputy President.

他认为自己是副总统。

Said to me one day, "I can make 85 percent of the decisions the President makes." And I said to him, I said, "Don, I just ran a campaign in 50 states.

有一天，他对我说：“总统 85% 的决定我都能做出。”我对他说，“唐，我刚刚在 50 个州开展了一场竞选活动。

I didn't see your name on the ballot anywhere."

我在选票上没有看到你的名字。”

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : Oh, come on.

参谋长里根：哦，来吧。

That is absolute balderdash.

这绝对是胡言乱语。

I could think of a couple of other words to use, but, since this might be a family program, I won't use them.

我可以想出一些其他的词来使用，但是，由于这可能是一个家庭计划，我不会使用它们。

The President of the United States is the President of the United States.

美国总统就是美国总统。

And as chief of staff, you carry out whatever it is that the man wants to do.

作为参谋长，你可以执行该人想做的任何事情。

Now sure, I had been a CEO, myself, of a company with 25,000 or more people.

现在可以肯定的是，我本人曾是一家拥有 25,000 名或更多员工的公司的首席执行官。

I had been Secretary of the Treasury which had hundreds of thousands of people.

我曾担任财政部长，那里有数十万人。

I knew something about administration, how to command.

我对行政管理、如何指挥有所了解。

But I also knew that I was chief of staff.

但我也知道我是参谋长。

Narrator: : The President embraced his new chief of staff and never challenged his take charge style.

旁白：：总统拥抱了他的新任幕僚长，但从未挑战过他的领导风格。

The problems would come later.

问题稍后就会出现。

But the opportunities of the second term were apparent within weeks.

但第二任期的机会在几周内就显现出来了。

Reagan had written to Leonid Brezhnev in 1981 suggesting they meet when the climate was better.

1981 年，里根曾写信给列昂尼德·勃列日涅夫，建议他们在气候好一点的时候见面。

Brezhnev died the next year.

勃列日涅夫次年去世。

In 1983 he had written Yuri Andropov of his interest in eliminating "the nuclear threat." That year ended with a heightened threat.

1983年，他写信给尤里·安德罗波夫，表达了他对消除“核威胁”的兴趣。那一年以更大的威胁结束。

Then Andropov died.

然后安德罗波夫去世了。

At 4 a.m.

凌晨 4 点

on March 11, 1985 Reagan was awakened to be told that Konstantin Chernenko had died.

1985 年 3 月 11 日，里根醒来时被告知康斯坦丁·切尔年科去世了。

"How am I supposed to get any place with the Russians, I asked Nancy, if they keep dying on me?" The new man in the Kremlin, Mikhail Gorbachev, was not about to die on anyone.

“我问南希，如果俄罗斯人继续死在我身上，我怎么能在他们那里获得一席之地呢？”克里姆林宫的新人米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫不会死于任何人之手。

He was 54 years old, vital, alert, intelligent.

他今年 54 岁，精力充沛、机敏、聪明。

And a reformer.

和一位改革者。

He would try to make the Communist economy more productive and the political system more open.

他将努力提高共产主义经济的生产力和更加开放的政治体系。

Margaret Thatcher had met Gorbachev and had been impressed.

玛格丽特·撒切尔曾见过戈尔巴乔夫，并对她印象深刻。

Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister: : I like Mr. Gorbachev.

英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔：：我喜欢戈尔巴乔夫先生。

We can do business together.

我们可以一起做生意。

We both believe in our own politician systems.

我们都相信自己的政治体系。

He firmly believes in his.

他坚信自己的。

I firmly believe in mine.

我坚信我的。

We're never going to change one another.

我们永远不会改变彼此。

But we talked, and we discussed freely.

但我们交谈了，我们自由地讨论了。

Now that was what we wanted.

现在这就是我们想要的。

This was what President Reagan had been wanting in the battle of ideas.

这正是里根总统在思想斗争中一直想要的。

So I said, "Look, this man is prepared to meet argument with argument.

所以我说：“看，这个人已经准备好以牙还牙了。

That's a totally new phenomenon.

这是一个全新的现象。

So we really can do business and perhaps get somewhere."

所以我们真的可以做生意，或许还能取得一些成果。”

Narrator: : As soon as Gorbachev came to power in March, Reagan proposed a meeting.

旁白：：戈尔巴乔夫三月份上台后，里根就提议召开一次会议。

It would lead to his greatest achievements.

这将导致他取得最大的成就。

In June he confronted terrorism.

六月，他面临恐怖主义。

His response would threaten his presidency.

他的回应将威胁到他的总统职位。

Pilot (archival): : They are beating the passengers.

飞行员（档案）：：他们正在殴打乘客。

They are beating the passengers.

他们正在殴打乘客。

They are threatening to kill them now.

他们现在威胁要杀死他们。

Narrator: : Terrorists hijacked a plane and murdered an American passenger.

旁白：：恐怖分子劫持了一架飞机并谋杀了一名美国乘客。

This crisis was resolved.

这场危机得到了解决。

But it heightened Reagan's concern for seven other Americans held hostage in Beirut.

但这加剧了里根对在贝鲁特被扣为人质的其他七名美国人的担忧。

They had been kidnapped by followers of Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini who had held American diplomats hostage and helped undermine Jimmy Carter's presidency.

他们被伊朗阿亚图拉霍梅尼的追随者绑架，霍梅尼将美国外交官扣为人质，并帮助破坏了吉米卡特的总统任期。

Reagan took a firm stand on not dealing with terrorists.

里根坚定不与恐怖分子打交道。

Reagan: (archival) : Let me make it plain to the assassins in Beirut and their accomplices wherever they may be that America will never make concessions to terrorists.

里根：（档案）：让我向贝鲁特的暗杀者及其同伙明确表示，无论他们身在何处，美国永远不会向恐怖分子让步。

To do so would only invite more terrorism.

这样做只会招致更多的恐怖主义。

Narrator: : But Reagan heard how William Buckley, his CIA station chief in Beirut, had been beaten by his captors.

旁白：：但是里根听说了他在贝鲁特的中央情报局站长威廉·巴克利（William Buckley）是如何被绑架者殴打的。

As he personalized the plight of the hostages, the importance of his policy tended to fade.

当他将人质的困境个性化时，他的政策的重要性往往会减弱。

Reagan: (archival) : I don't think anything that attempts to get people back who have been kidnapped by thugs, murderers and barbarians is wrong to do.

里根：（档案）：我不认为任何试图救回被暴徒、杀人犯和野蛮人绑架的人的行为都是错误的。

And we're going to do everything we can to get all of them back that are held in that way.

我们将尽我们所能，把所有以这种方式关押的人找回来。

George F.

乔治·F.

Will, Columnist: This is the soft side of Ronald Reagan.

专栏作家威尔：这是罗纳德·里根柔软的一面。

He was really bothered by the hostages.

人质的事他真的很烦恼。

It would take a harder man than Ronald Reagan to say what a President ought to say which is, "Sorry this is a big country and big countries have casualties if you will and we just have to regard those people as for the moment casualties.

需要比罗纳德·里根更坚强的人才能说出总统应该说的话：“抱歉，这是一个大国，大国有人员伤亡，如果你愿意的话，我们只能暂时将这些人视为伤亡人员。

Put them out of your mind." Ronald Reagan had a hard time being hard.

把它们从你的脑海中抹掉。”罗纳德·里根很难表现得坚强。

Narrator: : In July 1985 five days after an operation for colon cancer, Reagan was asked by his National Security Advisor Bud McFarlane to approve a secret plan.

旁白：1985 年 7 月，在接受结肠癌手术五天后，里根的国家安全顾问巴德·麦克法兰要求里根批准一项秘密计划。

It was time to improve relations with Iran by courting moderates who might succeed the Ayatollah Khomeini.

现在是时候通过拉拢可能接替阿亚图拉霍梅尼的温和派来改善与伊朗的关系了。

And who might influence their followers in Beirut to release the seven captive Americans.

谁可能影响贝鲁特的追随者释放七名被俘的美国人。

Robert C.

罗伯特·C.

McFarlane, National Security Adviser: : His reaction was that yes, if we could open a dialogue with people who might succeed Khomeini, that would be good.

国家安全顾问麦克法兰：他的反应是，是的，如果我们能够与可能接替霍梅尼的人展开对话，那就太好了。

When the possibility of the release of the hostages was added, he was even more enthusiastic.

当加上人质获释的可能性时，他的热情就更高了。

Narrator: : Reagan soon approved a shipment of arms to Iran which he would later deny was a trade for hostages.

旁白：：里根很快就批准向伊朗运送武器，但他后来否认这是人质交易。

That wasn't all he would deny.

这并不是他要否认的全部。

"I didn't have cancer," he later told reporters.

“我没有患癌症，”他后来告诉记者。

"Something inside of me had cancer, and it was removed." The next month Reagan was at the ranch, ready to saddle up.

“我体内的某个东西得了癌症，但它被切除了。”下个月，里根来到了牧场，准备上马。

Nancy Reagan: : There was a constant argument to try to convince him, no he could not ride, as he wanted to ride.

南希·里根：一直有争论试图说服他，不，他不能骑，因为他想骑。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : Finally the elapsed time is over and the First Lady protectively says, "Well let's start off gently and we'll just walk our horses around the ranch." The next day he went out to ride and there's a stretch where you have a nice straight-away.

总统的医生约翰·赫顿博士：：最后，时间结束了，第一夫人保护性地说：“好吧，让我们轻轻地开始，我们将在牧场周围遛马。”第二天，他出去骑行，有一段路段你可以直接骑行。

John Barletta, U.S. Secret Service: : The doctor would be in a vehicle behind us, and a lot of places we'd go the vehicle couldn't be in eyesight, so he'd kind of, well, if he's not looking we can do it.

约翰·巴列塔（John Barletta），美国特勤局：医生会坐在我们后面的一辆车里，而我们去的很多地方，车辆都无法在我们的视线范围内，所以他会，好吧，如果他不注意的话，我们也能做到。

I won't tell, will you?

我不会告诉你，你愿意吗？

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : And I heard this yell up in front from several people and I, so we put it into gear and rode up closer.

总统医生约翰·赫顿医生：我和我听到前面几个人和我的喊叫声，所以我们挂档并骑得更近。

And all we could see was the dust from the hoof beats in the distance as the President galloped away from the crowd.

当总统从人群中疾驰而去时，我们所能看到的只是远处马蹄声扬起的灰尘。

John Barletta, U.S. Secret Service: : Well, he was something.

约翰·巴莱塔（John Barletta），美国特勤局：嗯，他很了不起。

No way in hell were you going to stop that man from riding.

你根本不可能阻止那个人骑马。

And it was fine.

一切都很好。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : One of the agents next to me says, "Doc, the First Lady wants you down in the barn." And as I walked down there, everybody else is walking away, which wasn't customary and I said, gee, what's in store?

约翰·赫顿医生，总统的医生：：我旁边的一位特工说：“医生，第一夫人希望你到谷仓去。”当我走到那里时，其他人都走开了，这不符合惯例，我说，天啊，接下来会发生什么？

She says, "Now John," she says, "you stand here.

她说，“现在约翰，”她说，“你站在这里。

We're going to have a little meeting, but we're not all here yet."

我们将举行一个小型会议，但我们还没有到齐。”

Narrator: : Three months later Ronald Reagan would have another summit, in Geneva.

旁白：：三个月后，罗纳德·里根将在日内瓦举行另一次峰会。

Ronald Reagan had warned that the Soviets cheat and lie.

罗纳德·里根曾警告说，苏联人在欺骗和撒谎。

He had opposed every arms deal American presidents had made with the Soviets in the 1970s.

他反对 20 世纪 70 年代美国总统与苏联达成的每一项军火交易。

But he arrived in Geneva in November 1985, confident that he could handle the new leader of the evil empire.

但他于 1985 年 11 月抵达日内瓦，相信自己能够对付邪恶帝国的新领导人。

Richard Norton Smith, Former Director, Reagan Library: Conservative Republicans for 50 years had tended to denigrate the importance of personal diplomacy.

里根图书馆前馆长理查德·诺顿·史密斯：50 年来，保守共和党人一直倾向于贬低个人外交的重要性。

It's, it's the legacy of the Yalta Conference and they thought FDR had sold us out and then we sold out China -- we were always selling out someone, and the sale was usually by a President who thought that, if only he could get in a room with his Soviet counterpart that that his charm and his arguments would prevail.

这是雅尔塔会议的遗产，他们认为罗斯福出卖了我们，然后我们出卖了中国——我们总是出卖某人，而出卖的人通常是一位总统，他认为，只要他能与苏联同行共处一室，他的魅力和论点就会占上风。

That's the conservative tradition and yet, Reagan clearly believed that he could do that.

这是保守派的传统，但里根显然相信他可以做到这一点。

That the force of his personality and of his arguments and above all, of his sincerity, would impress themselves upon the Soviets.

他的个性和论点的力量，尤其是他的真诚，会给苏联人留下深刻的印象。

Narrator: : Secretary Weinberger was less sure.

旁白：：温伯格国务卿不太确定。

His letter urging Reagan not to hamstring SDI was leaked to the press and seen as an effort to sabotage the summit.

他敦促里根不要阻碍 SDI 的信被泄露给媒体，并被视为破坏峰会的努力。

Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party, came to Geneva to negotiate with the man Yuri Andropov had considered impossible.

共产党总书记米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫来到日内瓦与尤里·安德罗波夫认为不可能的人进行谈判。

Called mad.

叫疯了。

Compared to Hitler.

与希特勒相比。

The vigorous 54 year old whose charming smile was said to hide teeth of iron had come to meet the 74 year old President who had railed against communism for almost forty years.

这位精力充沛的54岁老人，笑容迷人，据说隐藏着铁牙，他来见这位74岁、反对共产主义近四十年的总统。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: I felt a strong fear, a palpable sense of fear throughout the delegation that this young, formidably intelligent, aggressive Soviet leader was going to run rings around our, gentle, slow, slightly doddery, aging President.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：我整个代表团都感到一种强烈的恐惧，一种明显的恐惧感，担心这位年轻、聪明、咄咄逼人的苏联领导人将围着我们温柔、缓慢、有点老态龙钟的年迈总统。

The American delegation was afraid that he was going to be outsmarted, outmaneuvered and diplomatically perhaps destroyed.

美国代表团担心他会被智取、谋略打败，甚至可能在外交上被摧毁。

Reporter: (archival) : What's the first priority, Sir?

记者：（档案）：先生，首要任务是什么？

Narrator: : Reagan had lots to worry about.

旁白：：里根有很多事情要担心。

Including a chore at the Aga Khan's villa where he stayed.

包括他住过的阿迦汗别墅的杂务。

Nancy Reagan: : My friend Sally said to me, "Now there's just one thing.

南希·里根：我的朋友莎莉对我说：“现在只有一件事了。

My son has some goldfish that he adores and would you mind feeding the goldfish in the morning.

我儿子有一些他喜欢的金鱼，你介意早上喂金鱼吗？

And Ronnie of course right away "well, of course, absolutely." And one morning he went into the little boy's room, and one goldfish was dead.

罗尼当然马上“好吧，当然，绝对。”一天早上，他走进小男孩的房间，发现一条金鱼死了。

Well I thought Ronnie was going to die.

好吧，我以为罗尼要死了。

He called everybody in there and said, "You've got to take this goldfish out and find one that looks exactly like it so that we can replace this."

他把那里的每个人都叫来，说：“你们必须把这条金鱼拿出来，找到一条和它一模一样的鱼，这样我们才能把它换掉。”

Narrator: : The goldfish replaced, it was time to meet Mikhail Gorbachev.

旁白：：金鱼换了，是时候去见米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫了。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: And I see it now in memory in slow motion.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：我现在在记忆中看到了它的慢动作。

It was supremely dramatic.

这是极其戏剧性的。

This great, gleaming, black Zil comes whispering around the corner on the gravel, crunches to a halt.

这只巨大的、闪闪发光的黑色齐尔在拐角处的碎石路上低语着，嘎吱嘎吱地停了下来。

Down the stairs comes this great, gliding, blue suited unbelievably self-confident and calm President, without a coat on, in the freezing air.

走下楼梯的是这位身穿蓝色西装的总统，在寒冷的空气中，没有穿外套，令人难以置信的自信和冷静。

And out of the big black Russian limousine comes this awkward, short, rather dumpy, heavily overcoated, heavily scarfed, hatted communist leader, who fumbled with his scarf and fumbled with his coat as he approached this great benign presence.

从那辆巨大的黑色俄罗斯豪华轿车中走出来的是一位笨拙、矮小、矮胖、穿着厚重大衣、戴着厚重围巾、戴着帽子的共产主义领导人，当他接近这位伟大的仁慈存在时，他摸索着他的围巾，摸索着他的外套。

And they met at the foot of the stairs.

他们在楼梯脚下相遇了。

Reagan towered over Gorbachev.

里根高于戈尔巴乔夫。

Gorbachev looked up into Reagan's face, looked at him very intensely.

戈尔巴乔夫抬头看着里根的脸，非常专注地看着他。

Reagan smiled down at him and then gently choreographed him up the stairs.

里根低头对他微笑，然后轻轻地引导他走上楼梯。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : Gorbachev's in standard Politburo hat, standard Politburo overcoat.

谢尔盖·塔拉森科，苏联外交部：：戈尔巴乔夫戴着标准政治局帽子，穿着标准政治局大衣。

It reminds me of KGB agent from bad American films.

这让我想起了美国烂片中的克格勃特工。

So, I said to myself that that we have lost this photo opportunity.

于是，我对自己说，我们失去了这个拍照的机会了。

We have lost this first round.

我们输掉了第一轮。

Narrator: : When the delegations met, Reagan recalled, "I took Gorbachev through the long history of Soviet aggression.

旁白：当代表团见面时，里根回忆道：“我带领戈尔巴乔夫了解了苏联侵略的漫长历史。

I wanted to explain why the free world had good reason to put up its guard against the Soviet bloc."

我想解释为什么自由世界有充分的理由对苏联集团保持警惕。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: His language was brutal.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：他的语言很残酷。

He would say things like "Let me tell you, Mr. General Secretary, why we fear you and why we despise your system." Now that in a diplomatic meeting is extremely confrontational language.

他会说这样的话：“总书记先生，让我告诉您，我们为什么害怕您，为什么我们鄙视您的制度。”现在在外交会议上这是极具对抗性的语言。

Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary USSR: : The President from the very start started to speak in a kind of lecturing tone as though I was a suspect or maybe a student.

米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫，苏联总书记：：总统从一开始就以一种说教的语气说话，就好像我是嫌疑人或者学生一样。

And I cut him short.

我打断了他的话。

I said, "Mr. President, you are not a prosecutor.

我说：“先生。总统先生，您不是检察官。

I am not the accused.

我不是被告。

You are not a teacher.

你不是老师。

I am not a student."

我不是学生。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: But Reagan somehow was able to say things like that, but at the same time he seemed to have a sweetness and a benign quality about him that neutralized or at least took the edge off of what from Richard Nixon would seem like a declaration of war.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：但里根不知何故能够说出这样的话，但与此同时，他似乎有一种甜蜜和仁慈的品质，这抵消了或至少消除了理查德·尼克松看似宣战的锋芒。

Narrator: : To ease the tension, Reagan suggested they talk in private.

旁白：：为了缓解紧张气氛，里根建议他们私下谈谈。

As they walked to a less formal house by the lake, they chatted about Reagan's movie career -- the first time they had talked as human beings.

当他们走向湖边一栋不太正式的房子时，他们聊起了里根的电影生涯——这是他们第一次以人类的身份交谈。

Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Ministry USSR: : Gorbachev immediately started to like Reagan.

苏联外交部亚历山大·贝斯默特尼克 (Alexander Bessmertnykh)：戈尔巴乔夫立即开始喜欢里根。

That was a very surprising thing.

这是一件非常令人惊讶的事情。

I think Reagan had something which was so dear to Gorbachev and that was sincerity.

我认为里根拥有戈尔巴乔夫所珍视的东西，那就是真诚。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : This human vision and human touch.

谢尔盖·塔拉先科，苏联外交部： ：这种人性化的视野和人性化的触觉。

And when he talked with our leaders, he talked very emotional.

当他和我们的领导谈话时，他说得很激动。

And he came across.

他遇到了。

This is a human being.

这是一个人。

He is trying to explain himself to you.

他正试图向你解释自己。

So maybe for the first time our leaders started to think that on the other side it's not a machine.

因此，也许我们的领导人第一次开始认为，在另一边，它不是一台机器。

It's not some robot.

这不是什么机器人。

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: : I think that people don't reckon with the power of charm and just personal persuasiveness.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：我认为人们并不重视魅力的力量和个人的说服力。

And, you know, when my father kind of turns the high beams on, even somebody like Gorbachev tends to melt.

而且，你知道，当我父亲打开远光灯时，即使是像戈尔巴乔夫这样的人也会融化。

Narrator: : As they walked back to rejoin their delegations, Reagan invited Gorbachev to Washington.

旁白：：当他们回去重新会合代表团时，里根邀请戈尔巴乔夫到华盛顿。

Gorbachev reciprocated with an invitation to Moscow.

作为回报，戈尔巴乔夫邀请他前往莫斯科。

On the second day Reagan found Gorbachev ready to talk about "building down" their arsenals.

第二天，里根发现戈尔巴乔夫准备谈论“削减”他们的核武库。

But determined to kill SDI.

但决心要杀掉SDI。

Reagan resisted.

里根表示抵制。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : Gorbachev was visibly irritated.

苏联外交部谢尔盖·塔拉先科：戈尔巴乔夫显然很恼火。

He said, "Why you are repeating the same and the same thing to me?

他说：“你为什么要对我重复同样的话？

I've heard that many times.

我听过很多次了。

Stop this rubbish.

停止这种垃圾。

Tell me something more." It was literally so, it was a harsh discussion.

告诉我更多的事情。”确实如此，这是一次严厉的讨论。

Narrator: : But at the end, the mood was warm.

旁白：：不过最后气氛还是很温暖的。

Reagan left Geneva with SDI intact.

里根带着完好无损的 SDI 离开了日内瓦。

And an agreement: a "nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought." The world breathed a sigh of relief.

并达成一项协议：“核战争不可能获胜，也绝不能打。”世界松了一口气。

There was another communiqué -- to Hussein Aga Khan and his parents: "Dear Friends, On Tuesday I found one of your fish dead in the bottom of the tank.

还有另一份公报——致侯赛因·阿加汗和他的父母：“亲爱的朋友们，周二我发现你们的一条鱼死在鱼缸底部。

I don't know what could have happened but I added two new ones, same kind, I hope this was alright.

我不知道会发生什么，但我添加了两个新的，相同的类型，我希望这没问题。

Thanks for letting us live in your lovely home.

感谢您让我们住在您可爱的家中。

Ronald Reagan."

罗纳德·里根。”

House Sgt.

众议院军士。

At Arms (archival): : Mr. Speaker, the President of the United States.

武装人员（档案）：：议长先生，美国总统。

Narrator: : "I haven't gotten such a reception since I was shot" Reagan would quip.

旁白：“自从我被枪杀以来，我还没有受到过这样的接待”，里根打趣道。

The image of Ronald Reagan as a trigger happy cowboy had begun to fade.

罗纳德·里根作为快乐牛仔的形象已经开始褪色。

Reagan's prestige hit its high on the 4th of July 1986 as he stood on the decks of the John F.

1986 年 7 月 4 日，当里根站在约翰·肯尼迪号的甲板上时，他的声望达到了顶峰。

Kennedy and pushed a button which sent a laser a mile across New York harbor to light the refurbished symbol of the American promise.

肯尼迪按下按钮，激光发射到纽约港一英里外，照亮了翻新后的美国承诺标志。

Liberty Weekend was the centennial of the Statue of Liberty and Reagan showed what Time magazine called his "genius for American occasions" with the biggest fireworks display in American history.

自由周末是自由女神像一百周年纪念日，里根通过美国历史上规模最大的烟花表演展示了《时代》杂志所称的“美国场合的天才”。

Reagan: (archival) : The things that unite us, America's past of which we are so proud, our hopes and aspirations for the future of the world and this much loved country.

里根：（档案）：将我们团结在一起的事物，我们引以为傲的美国过去，我们对世界和这个深受爱戴的国家的未来的希望和渴望。

These things far outweigh what little divides us.

这些事情远远超过了我们之间的分歧。

Tonight we pledge ourselves to each other and to the cause of human freedom, the cause that has given light to this land and hope to the world.

今晚，我们向彼此以及人类自由事业宣誓，这项事业给这片土地带来了光明，给世界带来了希望。

Narrator: : "Ronald Reagan has found the American sweet spot," Time wrote with wonder.

旁白：“罗纳德·里根找到了美国的最佳点，”《时代》杂志惊奇地写道。

"Reagan is a sort of masterpiece of American magic -- apparently one of the simplest creatures alive yet a character of complexities that connect him with the myths and powers of his country in an unprecedented way." Reagan's successes were more than symbolic.

“里根是美国魔法的杰作——显然是现存最简单的生物之一，但却是一个复杂的人物，以前所未有的方式将他与他的国家的神话和力量联系在一起。”里根的成功不仅仅是象征性的。

That month in Poland the government gave in to one of his conditions for ending sanctions and freed political prisoners.

当月，波兰政府屈服于他提出的终止制裁的条件之一并释放了政治犯。

Solidarity was alive.

团结依然存在。

Reagan upped the ante in Afghanistan from harassing the Soviets to forcing them out.

里根加大了在阿富汗的赌注，从骚扰苏联到迫使他们离开。

The rebels were about to realize the benefits of the Stinger missile.

叛军即将意识到毒刺导弹的好处。

In Nicaragua things were different.

在尼加拉瓜，情况有所不同。

In 1984 Congress cut off funding for the Contras and made CIA support illegal.

1984 年，国会切断了对反政府武装的资助，并规定中央情报局的支持为非法。

Reagan told his national security advisor Bud McFarlane: "We've got to find a way to keep doing this, Bud.

里根告诉他的国家安全顾问巴德·麦克法兰：“我们必须找到一种方法来继续这样做，巴德。

I want you to do whatever you have to do to help these people keep body and soul together.

我希望你尽你所能来帮助这些人保持身心健康。

Do everything you can." On Liberty weekend, a year and a half into his second term, Reagan was the master of the ceremonial side of the presidency.

尽你所能。”在自由周末，也就是第二个任期一年半后，里根成为总统礼仪方面的大师。

But he was less and less engaged with his job.

但他对工作的投入越来越少。

Ed Rollins, Campaign Manager: : In the first term we had Baker and Deaver and Meese and Clark.

竞选经理埃德·罗林斯 (Ed Rollins)：：在第一个任期，我们有贝克、迪弗、米斯和克拉克。

They would bring things to the president, and they would fully engage in the discussion and the dialogue with him.

他们会把事情交给总统，他们会充分参与与他的讨论和对话。

Don Regan had a tendency to keep staff away from the President and basically have staff brief him and he would go into the President himself.

唐·雷根倾向于让工作人员远离总统，基本上是让工作人员向他汇报情况，然后他亲自去见总统。

Maureen Reagan, Daughter: : As time went on I sensed a discomfort in him.

莫林·里根，女儿：：随着时间的推移，我感觉到他身上有些不适。

I knew that he was coming upstairs quieter at night where he used to come up with great stories about some decision that had been made and who was arguing what.

我知道他晚上会更安静地上楼，在那里他常常会讲一些精彩的故事，讲述一些已经做出的决定以及谁在争论什么。

Now, it was just, it was all just kind of quiet.

现在，一切都只是安静。

And, we'd have to draw out of him, you know, kind of what happened during the day and there was a, there was just a kind of sadness about it.

而且，我们必须从他身上汲取灵感，你知道，白天发生的事情，有一种悲伤。

I mean, Ronald Reagan did not understand that his Chief of Staff thought he was Prime Minister -- he just didn't get it.

我的意思是，罗纳德·里根不明白他的幕僚长认为他是总理——他只是不明白。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: A good way of tracking how much a President is doing is looking at the papers that come through his hands and seeing how much they engage his attention.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：追踪总统所做工作的一个好方法是查看他手中的文件，看看它们在多大程度上吸引了他的注意力。

And in the first years of Reagan's presidency, he is constantly checking these points off, writing comments, thinking about them.

在里根担任总统的头几年，他不断地核对这些观点，写下评论，思考它们。

But as the years proceed you can see he is less and less interested.

但随着时间的推移，你会发现他越来越不感兴趣。

They just become check marks.

它们只是成为复选标记。

Check marks.

检查标记。

Check marks.

检查标记。

He was saving his faculties as old men do for the really important, vital events.

他像老人一样，为了真正重要、生死攸关的事件而保存自己的才能。

Narrator: : In October 1986 Reagan met Gorbachev for the second time in a hastily called summit at Reykjavik, Iceland.

旁白：1986 年 10 月，里根在冰岛雷克雅未克举行的一次仓促召开的峰会上第二次会见了戈尔巴乔夫。

Once again, his conservative backers, now largely out of government, were worried he would seek an arms agreement just for the sake of an agreement.

他的保守派支持者（现在基本上不在政府之外）再一次担心他会为了达成协议而寻求军备协议。

Lyn Nofziger, Reagan Adviser: : I said, "Well Mr. President, I'm here because there's a lot of people worried that you're going to go to Reykjavik and give away the store." And he said "Lyn," he said Lynwood cause he always called me Lynwood which is not my name.

林恩·诺夫齐格（Lyn Nofziger），里根顾问：我说，“好吧，总统先生，我来这里是因为很多人担心你会去雷克雅未克并放弃商店。”他说“林恩”，他说林伍德，因为他总是叫我林伍德，这不是我的名字。

He said "Lynwood, I don't want you ever to worry about that." He said, "I still have the scars on my back from when I fought the communists in Hollywood." He said, "Don't ever worry about it.

他说：“林伍德，我不想让你担心这个。”他说：“我的背上至今还保留着我在好莱坞与共产党作战时留下的伤疤。”他说：“永远不要担心这个问题。

Narrator: : Gorbachev had his own problems.

旁白：：戈尔巴乔夫也有他自己的问题。

He needed an arms agreement.

他需要一项军备协议。

He could not manage both economic reform and the arms race, especially SDI.

他无法同时管理经济改革和军备竞赛，尤其是 SDI。

He would try his best to make Reagan give away the store.

他会想尽一切办法让里根放弃这家商店。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : Propose to him a package beyond all the expectation.

苏联外交部谢尔盖·塔拉先科：：向他提出一个超出所有人预期的一揽子计划。

To talk real big, see, that was his idea.

说大话，看，这就是他的主意。

Why we shall discuss all these small things.

为什么我们要讨论所有这些小事情。

Let's come up with a big idea and sell it.

让我们想出一个好主意并将其出售。

Narrator: : Gorbachev offered Reagan everything he had wanted: they would both destroy half their long range bombers and missiles.

旁白：戈尔巴乔夫向里根提供了他想要的一切：他们都将摧毁一半的远程轰炸机和导弹。

Eliminate all the missiles threatening Europe.

消除所有威胁欧洲的导弹。

And he made a major concession on human rights.

他在人权问题上做出了重大让步。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : They agreed for the first time that human rights would be a legitimate recognized, regular item on our agenda.

乔治·舒尔茨，国务卿：：他们首次同意人权将成为我们议程上合法公认的常规项目。

They agreed to that.

他们同意了。

That was a break-through and with all due respect to the arms control breakthroughs, when you are breaking through on the nature of the relations between a government and its people, you're really getting a lot deeper than perhaps you think.

这是一个突破，并且对军备控制方面的突破给予应有的尊重，当你在政府与其人民之间关系的本质上取得突破时，你真的比你想象的要深入得多。

Narrator: : Gorbachev, Secretary Shultz wrote, laid "gifts at our feet." The delegations worked all night to iron out the details of his proposal.

旁白：舒尔茨国务卿写道，戈尔巴乔夫将“礼物放在我们的脚下”。各代表团彻夜努力敲定他提案的细节。

The next morning, Gorbachev insisted that all the missile reductions he proposed were contingent on restricting SDI research to the laboratory.

第二天早上，戈尔巴乔夫坚称，他提出的所有导弹削减计划都取决于将 SDI 研究限制在实验室内。

Reagan refused.

里根拒绝了。

The meeting appeared to be over.

会议似乎结束了。

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : He wanted to get out of there and be home.

参谋长里根：：他想离开那里回家。

He wanted to be home for dinner that night if at all possible and with the change of hours if he left in the early afternoon, he could be home in Washington for dinner.

如果可能的话，他希望那天晚上回家吃晚饭，如果他在下午早些时候离开，那么随着时间的变化，他可以回到华盛顿的家吃晚饭。

And as a matter of fact I remember his talking to me about that saying, "Don these things are really dragging on." And I had to say to him "Hang in there, Mr. President, I think we're winning."

事实上，我记得他对我说过这样一句话：“唐，这些事情真的很拖延。”我不得不对他说：“坚持住，总统先生，我认为我们正在获胜。”

Sam Donaldson, Journalist: (archival) : Mr. President, have you made any real progress, Sir?

记者萨姆·唐纳森（Sam Donaldson）：（档案）：总统先生，您取得了任何真正的进展吗？

Sam: Donaldson, Journalist (archival) : Are you going to meet again, sir?

萨姆：唐纳森，记者（档案）：您还会再见面吗，先生？

Narrator: : At this point the Soviets challenged the Americans to make a concession.

旁白：：此时，苏联人要求美国人做出让步。

The U.S. delegation did.

美国代表团做到了。

It agreed to abide by the treaty banning space defenses for 10 years.

它同意遵守十年内禁止太空防御的条约。

And proposed that during that time both sides scrap all -- not just half -- their long range missiles.

并提议在此期间双方废弃全部——而不只是一半——远程导弹。

Reagan liked the boldness of the proposal.

里根喜欢这个大胆的提议。

Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Ministry USSR: : Reagan responded with the idea of having the complete elimination of strategic ballistic missiles.

苏联外交部亚历山大·贝斯默特尼克 (Alexander Bessmertnykh)：里根的回应是彻底消除战略弹道导弹。

And Gorbachev said, "How about eliminating all the nuclear weapons instead of just going part by part?" They, they actually moved each other to the direction of the discussion of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.

戈尔巴乔夫说：“与其只是部分地消除核武器，不如消除所有核武器怎么样？”他们,他们实际上是把对方往彻底消除核武器的讨论的方向去推动。

They were carried away.

他们被带走了。

The two gentlemen were carried away with the historic ideas they had presented to each other.

两位先生都被他们向对方提出的历史思想所迷惑。

Sergei Tarasenko, Foreign Ministry USSR: : It's easy to say that President Reagan was anti-communist or anti-something.

谢尔盖·塔拉森科，苏联外交部： ：很容易说里根总统是反共或反某些东西。

No, he was a romantic.

不，他是一个浪漫的人。

I, later on, I judged, he really was maybe the last romantic of this generation.

我，后来我判断，他真的可能是这一代最后一个浪漫主义者。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Gorbachev also had a romantic abolitionist vision of nuclear weapons.

传记作者卢·坎农：戈尔巴乔夫对核武器也有浪漫的废奴主义愿景。

And you've got the two leaders of these two powerful countries running way beyond their arms controllers and their defense ministries and their State Departments and saying let's get rid of nuclear weapons.

这两个强大国家的两位领导人超越了他们的军控部门、国防部门和国务院，说让我们废除核武器。

Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Ministry USSR: : There was a time out asked by the American side.

Alexander Bessmertnykh，苏联外交部：：美方要求暂停。

And Gorbachev walked out and we were sitting in a small room and he said, if Reagan accepts, the world will be a new one.

戈尔巴乔夫走了出来，我们坐在一个小房间里，他说，如果里根接受，世界将是一个新的世界。

Things will change historically.

事情将会发生历史性的变化。

Narrator: : Reagan could realize his dream of reducing the nuclear threat.

旁白：：里根可以实现他减少核威胁的梦想。

Perhaps only by risking his dream of a space defense.

也许只有拿他的太空防御梦想冒险才能实现。

Gorbachev still insisted on restricting SDI research to the laboratory.

戈尔巴乔夫仍然坚持将SDI研究限制在实验室内。

Richard Perle, Assistant Secretary of Defense: : The President needed to understand.

助理国防部长理查德·珀尔：：总统需要理解。

He needed information in a very tense situation.

他在非常紧张的情况下需要信息。

When asked, I expressed the categorical view that there was no way you could see the program through to a successful conclusion if we accepted the constraints that Gorbachev had in mind.

当被问及时，我表达了明确的观点：如果我们接受戈尔巴乔夫所考虑的限制，就不可能使该计划取得成功。

Upon hearing that, he turned to Don Regan and said, "If we agree to this, won't we be doing that simply so we can leave here with an agreement?" And it was a rhetorical question, of course, and you knew the moment he put it that he'd made his decision.

闻言，他转向唐·雷根说道：“如果我们同意的话，不就是为了达成协议离开这里吗？”当然，这是一个反问句，当他说出这句话的那一刻你就知道他已经做出了决定。

And within seconds, it was over.

几秒钟之内，一切就结束了。

Presidents grasp at treaties because they convey an image of Presidents as statesmen and peacemakers, and they're sometimes not bothered about the details.

总统们紧紧抓住条约，因为它们传达了总统作为政治家和和平缔造者的形象，有时他们并不关心细节。

It took tremendous discipline for Ronald Reagan to leave that little room without an agreement.

罗纳德·里根在没有达成协议的情况下离开那个小房间需要极大的纪律。

Narrator: : "I still think we can find a deal," Reagan said.

旁白：“我仍然认为我们可以达成协议，”里根说。

Gorbachev replied, " I don't know what else I could have done."

戈尔巴乔夫回答说：“我不知道我还能做什么。”

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : He got into the car and his shoulders slumped.

参谋长里根：：他上了车，肩膀垂了下来。

He was in the back seat.

他坐在后座。

You would have thought that he'd just lost a combination of the Rose Bowl and the Stanley Cup and the Olympics.

你可能会认为他刚刚输掉了玫瑰碗、斯坦利杯和奥运会的组合。

He was so down.

他心情非常低落。

I've never seen a guy so beat in all my life.

我这辈子从没见过一个人被打得这么厉害。

He said, "Don we were that close," and he held up his left hand.

他说：“唐，我们就这么接近了。”然后他举起了左手。

Just finger and thumb.

只需手指和拇指。

That much.

就这么多。

He said, "We were that close to getting rid of all missiles" and he said he wouldn't, he, give in.

他说，“我们差点就消灭了所有导弹”，他说他不会屈服。

He kept insisting that we had to do away with SDI and I couldn't do that.

他一直坚持我们必须废除 SDI，但我不能这么做。

He said, "I promised the American people I would not give in on that.

他说：“我向美国人民保证我不会就此让步。

I cannot do it."

我做不到。”

Narrator: : At the time, Reykjavik was considered a failure.

旁白：：当时，雷克雅未克被认为是失败的。

Conservatives criticized Reagan for the deep cuts he was willing to make in nuclear weapons -- for almost giving away the store.

保守派批评里根愿意大幅削减核武器，几乎放弃了这家商店。

Margaret Thatcher worried he was bargaining away Europe's security.

玛格丽特·撒切尔担心他正在以欧洲安全为代价。

The mainstream press faulted him for walking away from the most sweeping offer of arms reductions in history, for sinking a summit by being so stubborn on Star Wars.

主流媒体指责他放弃了历史上最全面的军备削减提议，并因在星球大战问题上如此固执而导致峰会失败。

Gorbachev stressed the positive.

戈尔巴乔夫强调了积极的一面。

Mikhail Gorbachev: : I said to the reporters that indeed Reykjavik was a breakthrough.

米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫：我对记者说，雷克雅未克确实是一个突破。

And I said, "Reykjavik will eventually produce results." And that is exactly what happened.

我说，“雷克雅未克最终会产生成果。”这正是所发生的事情。

Without Reykjavik, the process that eventually started and that brought about the one treaty and further treaties.

没有雷克雅未克，这一进程最终开始并带来了一项条约和更多条约。

That would not have been possible.

那是不可能的。

Reykjavik is really a top of the hill.

雷克雅未克确实是山顶。

And from that top, we saw a great deal.

从那个顶部，我们看到了很多东西。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : When Gorbachev visited me at Stanford University after we were both out of office, I said to him, "When you entered office and when I entered office, the Cold War could not have been colder, and when we left it was basically over.

乔治·舒尔茨，国务卿：当戈尔巴乔夫在我们都卸任后到斯坦福大学拜访我时，我对他说：“当你上任和我上任时，冷战已经冷得不能再冷了，当我们离开时，它基本上已经结束了。

What do you think was the turning point?" And he said, without any hesitation, just like that, he said "Reykjavik." And I said, "Why?" expecting him to talk about missiles and stuff like that.

你认为转折点是什么？”他毫不犹豫地说，就这样，他说“雷克雅未克。”我说，“为什么？”期待他谈论导弹之类的东西。

He said, "Because for the first time the two leaders really had a deep conversation about everything.

他说：“因为这是两位领导人第一次就所有事情进行真正的深入对话。

We really exchanged views, and not just about peripheral things, about the central things," and that was what was important about Reykjavik.

我们确实交换了意见，不仅仅是外围的事情，而是核心的事情，”这就是雷克雅未克的重要之处。

Narrator: : Three weeks after Reykjavik, reports from Beirut claimed the Reagan administration had approached Iran with an arms for hostage deal.

旁白： 雷克雅未克事件发生三周后，来自贝鲁特的报道称里根政府已向伊朗提出武器以进行人质交易。

Reagan denied it.

里根否认了这一点。

Reagan (archival): : Could I suggest an appeal to all of you in regard to this -- the speculation, the commenting and, all on a story that come out of the Middle East, and one that has no foundation -- that all of that is making it more difficult for us in our effort to get the other hostages free.

里根（档案）：我能否就此事向你们所有人发出呼吁——各种猜测、评论，以及所有来自中东的毫无根据的故事——所有这些都使我们为解救其他人质而付出的努力变得更加困难。

Narrator: Days later Reagan admitted arms had been shipped to Iran to forge a better relationship but denied they were arms for hostages.

旁白：几天后，里根承认武器已运往伊朗，以建立更好的关系，但否认这些武器是用来扣押人质的。

Reagan: (archival) : In spite of the wildly speculative and false stories of arms for hostages and alleged ransom payments, we did not, repeat, did not, trade weapons or anything else for hostages.

里根：（档案）：尽管有关于用武器换取人质和所谓的赎金的疯狂猜测和虚假故事，但我们没有，重复一遍，没有用武器或其他任何东西交换人质。

Nor will we.

我们也不会。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Reagan had absolutely convinced himself, as much as he had convinced himself in SDI, once he believed in it, that we had this wonderful system in place, he had convinced himself that he was not dealing with the kidnappers.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：里根绝对说服了自己，就像他在 SDI 中说服自己一样，一旦他相信了这一点，我们已经建立了这个美妙的系统，他就说服了自己，他不是在与绑匪打交道。

He had promised that he would never deal with the people who had taken the Americans hostage.

他曾承诺，他永远不会与那些劫持美国人质的人打交道。

He had convinced himself that he was dealing with these Iranian moderates, and that he was dealing with the middlemen, he was dealing with the people who were dealing with the kidnappers.

他说服自己，他正在与这些伊朗温和派打交道，他正在与中间人打交道，他正在与那些与绑匪打交道的人打交道。

Christopher Matthews, Aide to House Speaker O'Neill: The American middle had been confounded by this patriotic President who had won on standing tall, who was found to be paying tribute to the enemy in a kind of pusillanimous way.

众议院议长奥尼尔的助手克里斯托弗·马修斯：美国中产阶级对这位凭借昂首挺胸而获胜的爱国总统感到困惑，但人们发现他以一种胆怯的方式向敌人致敬。

Helen Thomas: (archival) : Mr. President, how would you assess the credibility of your own administration in light of the prolonged deception of Congress and the public in terms of your secret dealings with Iran, the disinformation.

海伦·托马斯：（档案）：总统先生，鉴于您与伊朗的秘密交易和虚假信息长期欺骗国会和公众，您如何评估您自己的政府的可信度。

Bill Plante: (archival) : The record shows that every time an American hostage was released there had been a major shipment of arms just before that.

比尔·普兰特（Bill Plante）：（档案）：记录显示，每次释放一名美国人质时，在此之前都会有大量武器运送。

Are we all to believe that is just a coincidence?

我们都相信这只是巧合吗？

Jerrimiah O'Leary: (archival) : What would be wrong with saying a mistake was made on a very high risk gamble so that you can get on with the next two years?

Jerrimiah O'Leary：（档案）：如果说在一次非常高风险的赌博中犯了一个错误，这样你就可以在接下来的两年里继续下去，这有什么错呢？

Reagan: (archival) : Because I don't think a mistake was made.

里根：（档案）：因为我不认为犯了错误。

Sam: Donaldson, Journalist : Ronald Reagan doesn't see the world that you and I see.

萨姆：唐纳森，记者：罗纳德·里根所看到的世界与你我所看到的不同。

He sees a world through rose colored glasses.

他透过玫瑰色眼镜看世界。

It's a wonderful world.

这是一个美妙的世界。

But, it's not the real world that exists out there.

但是，这并不是外面存在的真实世界。

And so, he didn't want to see a world in which he had traded arms for hostages.

因此，他不想看到一个用武器换取人质的世界。

That ran against his grain.

这与他的性格背道而驰。

That's not his world, yet he did it.

那不是他的世界，但他做到了。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: Reagan is a classic model of the successful child of an alcoholic.

卢·坎农（Lou Cannon），传记作者：里根是酒鬼成功子弟的典型典范。

He doesn't hear things and doesn't see things that he doesn't want to hear and see.

他不会听到或看到他不想听到和看到的事情。

And that's the thing you learn.

这就是你学到的东西。

You learn that as a child, and Reagan learned it.

你小时候就知道这一点，里根也知道这一点。

Narrator: : Questions continued to nag Reagan.

旁白：：问题继续困扰着里根。

And there was conflicting testimony by others.

其他人的证词也相互矛盾。

Attorney General Ed Meese offered to investigate the matter over the weekend.

司法部长埃德·米斯（Ed Meese）提出在周末调查此事。

Meese insisted on seeing Reagan on Monday.

米斯坚持周一要见里根。

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : How about five minutes.

参谋长里根：：五分钟怎么样？

He's got the Afghanistan freedom fighters coming in but we'll give you five minutes.

他已经让阿富汗自由战士进来了，但我们给你五分钟时间。

He said, "Okay five minutes that's all I need." So he came in he said, "Mr. President I got some bad news for you." "What's that?" He said, "There's been a probable diversion of funds from the arms sales to Iran then diverted to the Contras in Nicaragua." The President said, "I'll have to clean this up a little bit.

他说：“好吧，五分钟就够了。”于是他进来说道：“先生。”总统先生，我给你带来了一些坏消息。”“那是什么？”他说，“可能有一笔资金从向伊朗出售武器，然后又转移到了尼加拉瓜的反政府武装。”总统说，“我得稍微清理一下这个问题。

Aw shoot," or words to that effect.

噢，射击”或类似的词语。

The President actually turned white.

总统实际上变白了。

He blanched and he said what could have been going through their minds.

他脸色煞白，说出了他们可能想到的事情。

Why would they do this?

他们为什么要这样做？

Narrator: : Reagan had asked that the Contras be held together body and soul.

旁白：：里根曾要求反政府武装的身体和灵魂团结一致。

They were -- in a manner which stretched if not violated the law.

他们的做法即使没有违反法律，也是违法的。

Edwin Meese, Attorney General: : He said, "We've got to get to the bottom of this immediately.

司法部长埃德温·米斯：他说：“我们必须立即查明真相。

And we've got to let the public know." He was very definite there should be every precaution taken that no one would think that there was any cover-up or any attempt to conceal whatever wrongdoing we might find.

我们必须让公众知道。”他非常肯定，应该采取一切预防措施，确保没有人认为有任何掩盖或试图隐瞒我们可能发现的任何不当行为。

Reagan (archival): : As I have stated previously, I believe our policy goals toward Iran were well founded.

里根（档案）：正如我之前所说，我相信我们对伊朗的政策目标是有根据的。

However, the information brought to my attention yesterday convinced me that in one aspect implementation of that policy was seriously flawed.

然而，昨天引起我注意的信息使我确信，该政策的实施在一方面存在严重缺陷。

And now I'm going to ask Attorney General Meese to brief you--

现在我要请司法部长米斯向您介绍情况——

Reporter: (archival) : Did you make a mistake in sending arms to Tehran, Sir?

记者：（档案）：先生，您向德黑兰运送武器是否犯了错误？

Reagan: (archival) : Hold it.

里根：（档案）：等等。

No and I'm not taking any more questions.

不，我不会再回答任何问题。

In just a second, I'm going to ask Attorney General Meese to brief you on what we presently know of what he has found out.

稍后，我将请司法部长米斯向您简要介绍我们目前所了解的他所发现的情况。

Reporters: (archival) : Is anyone else going to be let go, Sir?

记者：（档案）：先生，还会有其他人被解雇吗？

Is Secretary Shultz going?

国务卿舒尔茨要去吗？

Reagan: (archival) : No one was let go.

里根：（档案）：没有人被解雇。

They chose to go.

他们选择了走。

Reporter: (archival) : Can you give Secretary Shultz a vote of confidence -- if you feel that way?

记者：（档案）：如果您有这样的感觉，您能给舒尔茨国务卿投一张信任票吗？

Reagan: (archival) : May I give you Attorney General Meese?

里根：（档案）：我可以给你介绍一下司法部长米斯吗？

Helen Thomas, Journalist: (archival) : Why don't you say what the flaw is?

海伦·托马斯（Helen Thomas），记者：（档案）：你为什么不说一下缺陷是什么？

Edwin Meese, Attorney General: (archival) : That's what I'm going to say -- what it's all about.

司法部长埃德温·米斯（Edwin Meese）：（档案）：这就是我要说的——这就是全部内容。

Bill Plante, Journalist: (archival) : (How is it) that so much of this can go on and the President not know it?

比尔·普兰特，记者：（档案）：（怎么回事）如此多的事情可以继续进行而总统却不知道？

He is the President of the United States, why doesn't he know?

他是美国总统，为什么不知道？

Edwin Meese, Attorney General: (archival) : Because somebody didn't tell him, that's why.

埃德温·米斯（Edwin Meese），司法部长：（档案）：因为有人没有告诉他，这就是原因。

Reagan: (archival) : And to wish everybody else a very happy Thanksgiving Day.

里根：（档案）：祝其他人感恩节快乐。

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, who's going to head that commission investigating what happened?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，谁将领导调查所发生事件的委员会？

Reagan: (archival, to turkey) : Did you ask a question?

里根：（档案，对火鸡）：你问过问题吗？

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, what did you know about money going to the contras?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您对流向反政府武装的钱了解多少？

Reagan: (archival) : All I know is this is just going to taste wonderful.

里根：（档案）：我只知道这味道会很棒。

I'm looking forward to tomorrow.

我很期待明天。

[To turkey] He's not looking forward.

[对火鸡]他不期待。

Narrator: : "I felt I was the one being roasted," Reagan would later quip.

旁白：“我觉得我就是那个被烤的人，”里根后来打趣道。

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, how much trouble are you in because of the Contra revelations?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您因为魂斗罗的曝光而遇到了多大的麻烦？

Reporter: (archival) : Did you know about the Contras, sir?

记者：（档案）：先生，您知道反对派吗？

Reporter: (archival) : When will you be able to speak out on this Contra business?

记者：（档案）：你什么时候能够对魂斗罗这件事发声？

Reporter: (archival) : Is John Tower going to be the head of your commission?

记者：（档案）：约翰·托尔（John Tower）将成为你们委员会的负责人吗？

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, you've never ducked tough questions before.

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您以前从未回避过尖锐的问题。

Reporter: (archival) : Mr. President, hasn't this damaged your presidency?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，这是否损害了您的总统任期？

Narrator: : If he knew of the diversion of funds to the Contras, he would be in trouble.

旁白：：如果他知道资金被转移给反政府武装，他就会有麻烦了。

If he did not, he was not in control of his White House staff.

如果他不这样做，他就无法控制白宫工作人员。

Reagan accepted the resignation of his National Security Advisor John Poindexter who presided over the operation and fired Oliver North who ran it.

里根接受了主持该行动的国家安全顾问约翰·波因德克斯特的辞职，并解雇了负责该行动的奥利弗·诺斯。

He resisted Nancy who wanted to fire George Shultz for not supporting him in public.

南希因为乔治·舒尔茨不公开支持他而想要解雇他，他对此表示抵制。

But his oldest advisors pressured him to fire Don Regan.

但他最年长的顾问向他施压，要求他解雇唐·雷根。

Stuart Spencer, Senior Political Adviser: Yeah, Deaver and I told him to get him out of there.

斯图尔特·斯宾塞，高级政治顾问：是的，迪弗和我告诉他让他离开那里。

His days are numbered.

他的日子屈指可数了。

You know, he basically said that he wasn't going to sacrifice anybody for, for any of his problems.

你知道，他基本上是说他不会因为他的任何问题而牺牲任何人。

Michael K.

迈克尔·K.

Deaver: : I finally said, "You know I think this has come to the point where you've got to get rid of somebody because you've got to do something that says this is an action I'm taking and I'm getting it behind me and I'm going to go on and do other things and unless you make a bold move like that.

迪弗：我最后说，“你知道，我认为这已经到了你必须摆脱某人的地步，因为你必须做一些事情，表明这是我正在采取的行动，我已经把它抛在脑后了，我将继续做其他事情，除非你做出这样的大胆举动。

The media is not going to let you go on -- so I think you got to get rid of somebody.

媒体不会让你继续下去——所以我认为你必须摆脱某人。

And, he got very angry and said that you know, I'll be damned if I'm going to throw somebody's ass overboard to save my own." And, for the life of me, I don't know why I said, "Ron," but I said "Ron it's not your ass I'm talking about, it's the country's ass." And, he l ooked at me very quietly, and he said, "You know what I think about this country." And that was the end of the conversation.

而且，他非常生气，说你知道，如果我为了救自己而把别人的屁股扔到海里，我会被诅咒的。”而且，为了我的生命，我不知道为什么我说，“罗恩，”但我说“罗恩，我说的不是你的屁股，而是国家的屁股。”然后，他非常安静地看着我，然后说，“你知道我对这个国家的看法。”谈话就这样结束了。

Narrator: : Nancy led the battle to get rid of Don Regan.

旁白：：南希领导了除掉唐·雷根的战斗。

Reagan could not escape the issue at home.

里根在国内也无法回避这个问题。

Or in the Oval Office.

或者在椭圆形办公室。

As a child Reagan had learned to avoid pain by withdrawing.

小时候，里根就学会了通过退缩来避免痛苦。

Now there was nowhere to go.

现在无处可去。

Reagan: (archival) : Nancy and Byron, let's see if we can't turn this cold, dark evening into one of light and warmth.

里根：（档案）：南希和拜伦，让我们看看能否将这个寒冷、黑暗的夜晚变成光明和温暖的夜晚。

Narrator: : The shadow of Watergate descended over the White House.

旁白：：水门事件的阴影笼罩着白宫。

"This presidency is over," columnist Charles Krauthammer wrote.

“本届总统任期结束了，”专栏作家查尔斯·克劳萨默写道。

"Nineteen-eighty-seven will be a Watergate year and the following an election year."

“十九八十七年将是水门事件年，接下来是选举年。”

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: Well, I went to the White House because it was clear that he was going through some sort of crisis, and I just felt that, you know, as his son, as a family member that I ought to be there, somebody ought to be there, that, you know, somebody ought to buck him up and help him get through this.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：嗯，我去白宫是因为很明显他正在经历某种危机，我只是觉得，你知道，作为他的儿子，作为家庭成员，我应该在那里，有人应该在那里，你知道，有人应该鼓励他并帮助他度过难关。

It was the first time I'd really seen him with the wind completely out of his sails.

这是我第一次真正看到他完全没有风帆的样子。

One of his greatest assets was the trust of the public.

他最大的资产之一就是公众的信任。

And when it turned out that in fact there had been an arms for hostage deal, the public stopped believing him, at least for a while.

当事实证明确实存在武器换取人质交易时，公众不再相信他，至少在一段时间内是这样。

And the polls all showed that, and you know, he got the polling data every day.

民意调查都表明，你知道，他每天都会收到民意调查数据。

And it became very troubling for him to realize that he was losing the audience in a sense.

当他意识到自己在某种意义上正在失去观众时，他感到非常不安。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: That was the first time I got the feeling that he was not able to handle anything that came at him again.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：那是我第一次感觉到他无法处理再次降临到他身上的任何事情。

He wasn't quite up to handling a crisis of that dimension.

他还没有能力处理这种规模的危机。

Narrator: : In early 1987, the White House grappled with how to extricate Reagan from the worst crisis of his presidency.

旁白： 1987 年初，白宫绞尽脑汁思考如何将里根从其总统任期内最严重的危机中解救出来。

Don Regan wanted to get the President on the road -- to work his charm on the public.

唐·里根想让总统上路——向公众展示他的魅力。

But Reagan was recovering from another serious operation -- this time on his prostate.

但里根刚刚从另一场严重手术中恢复过来——这次是前列腺手术。

Nancy wanted him to stay put.

南希希望他留在原地。

And that wasn't all.

这还不是全部。

Nancy's astrologer feared "the malevolent movements of Uranus and Saturn." The alignment of the planets, it seemed, raised the danger of impeachment and assassination.

南希的占星师担心“天王星和土星的恶意运动”。行星的排列似乎增加了弹劾和暗杀的危险。

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : And in the middle of all this turmoil she was incessantly calling me.

里根，参谋长：：在这一切混乱之中，她不断地给我打电话。

One day I got home late from the office.

有一天，我从办公室回家很晚。

No dinner.

没有晚餐。

It was after nine o'clock.

已经九点多了。

I was just starting to eat when she called and was on the phone 15 or 20 minutes and we were getting nowhere about she telling me that I had to do something, and I saying Nancy I got to either get the President out or something of that nature.

我刚开始吃东西，她就打电话来了，电话打了 15 到 20 分钟，我们没有得到任何结果，她告诉我我必须做点什么，我说南希，我要么把总统赶出去，要么做类似的事情。

He's gonna have to be the key here.

他一定是这里的关键。

None of us can solve this for him.

我们没有人能为他解决这个问题。

We went back and forth and back and forth and finally I was just so disgusted I hung up.

我们来来回回，最后我实在是太恶心了，就挂了电话。

Stuart Spencer, Senior Political Adviser: It goes with the turf if you're dealing with the Reagans.

斯图尔特·斯宾塞（Stuart Spencer），高级政治顾问：如果你是在与里根家族打交道，那就顺其自然了。

I mean I knew that back in '65, '66.

我的意思是我早在 65 年、66 年就知道了。

And Don Regan for some reason, took the point of view that Nancy Reagan wasn't important.

出于某种原因，唐·里根认为南希·里根并不重要。

That was wrong.

那是错误的。

And I guess when he hung up on her on the phone that was the end of it.

我想当他挂断她的电话时，事情就结束了。

Then we all had to go to work.

然后我们都得去上班。

Howard Baker, Former Majority Leader: : My late wife took the call and it supposedly went like this: "Joy, where's Howard?" According to her, she said to the President, "Howard is at the zoo.

霍华德·贝克，前多数党领袖：：我已故的妻子接了电话，据说内容是这样的：“乔伊，霍华德在哪里？”据她说，她对总统说：“霍华德在动物园。

"And Ronald Reagan was heard to say, "Wait till he sees the zoo I have in mind for him!"

“有人听到罗纳德·里根说：“等他看到我为他设想的动物园！”

Narrator: : Don Regan heard that CNN was reporting the President had chosen former Senator Howard Baker to replace him.

旁白：：唐·雷根听说美国有线电视新闻网 (CNN) 正在报道总统已选择前参议员霍华德·贝克接替他。

Donald T.

唐纳德·T。

Regan, Chief of Staff: : And I blew my top.

里根，参谋长：：我搞砸了。

I said the hell with it.

我说管它呢。

If that's the way they're gonna leak about me in the like I don't want to stay around anymore.

如果他们就是这样泄露我的消息的话，我就不想再呆在这儿了。

I was so whizzed off at that point that I dashed off a very terse letter to the President.

当时我非常兴奋，于是我匆匆写了一封非常简洁的信给总统。

"I hereby resign." He called me.

“我特此辞职。”他打电话给我。

Very soft tones.

非常柔和的色调。

That he didn't mean for this to happen.

他并不是故意让这种事发生的。

He wished it hadn't happened.

他希望这件事没有发生。

And I said, "It's too late.

我说：“太晚了。

I'm outta here."

我要离开这里了。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The President should have done it.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：总统应该这么做。

The President should have spoken to him personally and said "Don, I think the time for your long planned retirement has come." But Reagan who was not good at that kind of human touch when a man's career is coming to an end simply let the phone lie in its cradle and let other circumstances force Don Regan out -- was derelict in his duty.

总统应该亲自与他交谈并说：“唐，我认为你计划已久的退休时间已经到来。”但当一个人的职业生涯即将结束时，里根不擅长这种人情味，只是让电话放在摇篮里，让其他情况迫使唐·里根离开——他玩忽职守了。

Narrator: : Don Regan had devoted six years of his life to Ronald Reagan.

旁白：：唐·里根将六年的生命奉献给了罗纳德·里根。

He never saw him again.

他再也没有见过他。

Howard Baker,: Chief of Staff (archival) : I will be on the job Monday.

霍华德·贝克（Howard Baker）：参谋长（档案）：我将于周一上班。

Full time.

全职。

And in the meantime Jim Cannon and Tom Griscom will be my transition team.

与此同时，吉姆·坎农 (Jim Cannon) 和汤姆·格里斯科姆 (Tom Griscom) 将成为我的过渡团队。

Narrator: : What Baker's transition team was told by Don Regan's White House staff that weekend shocked them.

旁白：：那个周末，唐·雷根的白宫工作人员告诉贝克的过渡团队，他们感到震惊。

Reagan was "inattentive," "inept," and "lazy" and Baker should be prepared to invoke the 25th amendment to relieve him of his duties.

里根“不专心”、“无能”和“懒惰”，贝克应该准备好援引第25条修正案来解除他的职务。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The incoming Baker people all decided to have a meeting with him on the Monday morning, their first official meeting with the President and to cluster around the table in the Cabinet Room and watch him very, very closely to see how he behaved, to see if he was indeed losing his mental grip.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：即将上任的贝克人都决定在周一早上与他会面，这是他们与总统的第一次正式会面，并聚集在内阁房间的桌子周围，非常非常仔细地观察他的表现，看看他是否真的失去了精神控制。

They positioned themselves very strategically around the table so they could watch him from various angles, listen to him and check his movements and listen to his words and look into his eyes.

他们非常有策略地站在桌子周围，这样他们就可以从不同的角度观察他，听他说话，检查他的动作，听他的话，看着他的眼睛。

And I was there when this meeting took place.

这次会议召开时我也在场。

And Reagan who was, of course, completely unaware that they were launching a death watch on him, came in stimulated by the press of all these new people and performed splendidly.

当然，里根完全没有意识到他们正在对他发起死亡监视，他在所有这些新人的压力下进来并表现出色。

At the end of the meeting they figuratively threw up their hands realizing he was in perfect command of himself.

会议结束时，他们象征性地举起了手，意识到他完全能控制自己。

Howard Baker,: Chief of Staff (archival) : Ladies and gentlemen, is this president fully in control of his Presidency?

霍华德·贝克（Howard Baker）：幕僚长（档案）：女士们先生们，这位总统是否完全掌控着自己的总统任期？

Is he alert?

他警觉吗？

Is he fully engaged?

他全身心投入吗？

Is he in contact with the problems?

他是否接触过这些问题？

And I'm telling ya, it's just one day's experience and maybe that's not enough, but today he was superb.

我告诉你，这只是一天的经历，也许这还不够，但今天他非常棒。

Reporter: (archival) : And Mrs. Reagan?

记者：（档案）：里根夫人呢？

The issue of Mrs. Reagan's involvement in West Wing decisions?

里根夫人参与西翼决策的问题？

Howard Baker,: Chief of Staff (archival) : I haven't talked to Mrs. Reagan today.

霍华德·贝克（Howard Baker）： 参谋长（档案）：我今天还没有和里根夫人谈过话。

I intend to do that later today.

我打算今天晚些时候这样做。

I intend to do that later today.

我打算今天晚些时候这样做。

But let me say, I've known Nancy Reagan a long time too.

但我要说的是，我也认识南希·里根很长时间了。

And I did speak to her on Friday, and I expect -- there's the phone now.

周五我确实和她谈过，我想——现在电话已经来了。

Howard Baker, Chief of Staff: : From moment one at the White House with Ronald Reagan, I came away convinced not only was he fully in command -- fully competent -- but that -- he was not being well served by the arrangements in the White House -- but that he was fully capable of discharging that job in a very, very effective way.

白宫办公厅主任霍华德·贝克：从与罗纳德·里根一起入主白宫的那一刻起，我就确信他不仅完全掌握指挥权、完全有能力，而且白宫的安排并没有很好地服务于他，而且他完全有能力以一种非常非常有效的方式履行这项工作。

And I still think that.

我仍然这么认为。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He was an old tired man.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：他是一个疲惫不堪的老人。

He'd been guilty of neglect of proper supervision of the people who work for him but when he was shocked into real awareness of his job and his duties, he performed as well as ever.

他曾因忽视对为他工作的人进行适当的监督而感到内疚，但当他真正意识到自己的工作和职责时，他表现得和以前一样好。

Narrator: : Reagan was shocked by the findings of a commission he had appointed.

旁白：：里根对他任命的一个委员会的调查结果感到震惊。

It held him responsible for a lax management style and for trading arms for hostages.

这让他对松懈的管理风格和用武器换取人质负有责任。

Something he still refused to admit.

有件事他至今仍不肯承认。

One of Howard Baker's first tasks in rescuing the presidency was to get Reagan to admit his mistake.

霍华德·贝克挽救总统宝座的首要任务之一就是让里根承认自己的错误。

He found an ally in Nancy Reagan.

他在南希·里根身上找到了盟友。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: : That's where where Nancy Reagan really shines.

传记作者卢·坎农：：这就是南希·里根真正闪光的地方。

She understood that he needed this public credibility.

她明白他需要这种公众信誉。

That's her great role, not getting rid of Regan.

这就是她的伟大作用，而不是摆脱里根。

She went beyond protecting him to really leading him to this bitter cup that of apology that he had to drink from.

她不仅保护了他，还真正引导他喝下了这杯苦涩的道歉酒。

Reagan (archival): : A few months ago I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages.

里根（档案）：：几个月前，我告诉美国人民，我不会用武器换取人质。

My heart and my best intentions still tell me that's true, but the facts and the evidence tell me it is not.

我的内心和我最好的意图仍然告诉我这是真的，但事实和证据告诉我事实并非如此。

As the Tower Board reported, what began as a strategic opening to Iran deteriorated, in its implementation, into trading arms for hostages.

正如塔尔委员会报道的那样，最初对伊朗的战略开放在实施过程中恶化为以武器换取人质。

This runs counter to my own beliefs and to administration policy and to the original strategy we had in mind.

这与我自己的信念、政府政策以及我们最初的战略背道而驰。

There are reasons why it happened, but no excuses.

事情的发生是有原因的，但没有任何借口。

It was a mistake.

这是一个错误。

Lou Cannon, Biographer: But once he had apologized to the American people and the American people more or less forgave him, you know, I mean not totally, you know.

传记作者卢·坎农：但是，一旦他向美国人民道歉，美国人民或多或少地原谅了他，你知道，我的意思是不完全，你知道。

He was never he never got back quite the luster, but he...

他再也没有恢复昔日的光彩，但他……

but he got enough of it back that he was able to...

但他得到了足够的回报，他能够……

that he was able to govern and and to be at ease with himself.

他能够统治并且能够自在地对待自己。

Narrator: : A year later Don Regan got his revenge.

旁白：：一年后，唐·雷根报了仇。

He wrote a book.

他写了一本书。

Howard Baker, Chief of Staff: : I said, "Mr. President, we will have a press flap about this, and I think I should talk to the First Lady." He said, "I think you should." I said, "Would you set it up?" And he said, "Why don't you set it up?" And I did, I called her and I went upstairs and took the galleys with me, and couldn't figure out what I was, how I was going to open the conversation, but finally I just blurted out, "Nancy, Don Regan says here that you talked to an astrologer." And she said, "Well, I did."

办公厅主任霍华德·贝克：我说，“总统先生，我们将对此进行新闻报道，我认为我应该与第一夫人谈谈。”他说：“我认为你应该这么做。”我说：“你能安排一下吗？”他说：“你为什么不把它设置起来呢？”我照做了，我打电话给她，然后上楼带着厨房，不知道我是什么，如何开始谈话，但最后我只是脱口而出，“南希，唐·雷根在这里说你和一位占星师谈过。”她说：“嗯，我做到了。”

Joan Quigley, Astrologer: : Nancy was very concerned with the President's safety after the assassination attempt.

占星家琼·奎格利：：在暗杀企图发生后，南希非常担心总统的安全。

And I am a very modern scientific astrologer.

我是一位非常现代的科学占星家。

And, and I have at my command all the technical resources of the space age really in computers that I use.

而且，我在我使用的计算机中拥有太空时代的所有技术资源。

And I do very technical work.

我所做的工作非常技术性。

Trader: (archival) : Five hundred points down, Emil.

交易员：（档案）：下降了五百点，埃米尔。

You said "I don't see straight?" Five hundred and two points down.

你说“我看不清楚？”下降五百零二分。

Narrator: : The stock market crashed in October 1987 -- another set back for Reagan.

旁白： 1987 年 10 月股市崩盘——这对里根来说又是一次挫折。

Narrator: : Black Monday raised doubts about the soundness of Reagan's economic policies.

旁白：：黑色星期一引发了人们对里根经济政策稳健性的怀疑。

On Reagan's watch tax revenues would double.

在里根的领导下，税收收入将翻倍。

But they never kept up with spending.

但他们从来没有跟上支出。

The national debt nearly tripled.

国家债务几乎增加了两倍。

Although most Americans benefited, the gap between the richest and poorest became a chasm.

尽管大多数美国人受益，但最富有和最贫穷之间的差距成为了鸿沟。

Donald Trump and the new billionaires of the 1980s recalled the extravagance of the captains of industry in the 1880s.

唐纳德·特朗普和 20 世纪 80 年代的新亿万富翁回忆起 1880 年代工业领袖的铺张浪费。

There were losers.

有失败者。

Cuts in social programs created a homeless population that grew to exceed that of Atlanta.

社会计划的削减导致无家可归的人口数量超过了亚特兰大。

AIDS became an epidemic in the 1980s.

艾滋病在 20 世纪 80 年代成为一种流行病。

Nearly 50,000 died.

近5万人死亡。

Reagan largely ignored it.

里根很大程度上忽视了这一点。

In the trying months following the Iran contra affair, biographer Edmund Morris had an insider's look at the President.

在伊朗门事件发生后的艰难几个月里，传记作家埃德蒙·莫里斯以内部人士的视角审视了总统。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: This was around October of 1987.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：那是 1987 年 10 月左右。

He writes in his diary, "Dick and Patty came after dinner and things immediately livened up as soon as they arrived." That's on a Friday night.

他在日记中写道：“迪克和帕蒂吃完晚饭就来了，他们一到，事情就立刻热闹起来。”那是在周五晚上。

The following day he writes in his diary.

第二天，他在日记中写道。

"Oh, I was mistaken.

“哦，我错了。

They didn't come down until lunch time today." He's talking about his wife's brother and wife, intimates who visited the White House a lot.

今天中午他们才下来。”他说的是他妻子的兄弟和妻子，他们是经常访问白宫的密友。

They were members of the family circle.

他们是家庭圈子的成员。

The schedule said, Mrs., Dr. and Mrs. Richard Davis will be joining the first family after dinner tonight.

日程安排显示，理查德·戴维斯夫人、博士和夫人将于今晚晚餐后加入第一家庭。

So Reagan writes it down after dinner as though they showed up.

所以里根在晚饭后把它写下来，就好像他们出现了一样。

He says, things livened up when they came.

他说，当他们到来时，事情变得活跃起来。

In other words, he was so divorced from reality at that time that he didn't even realize that these people did not show up.

也就是说，他当时太脱离现实了，根本没有意识到这些人并没有出现。

Which is funny, but it's also scary.

这很有趣，但也很可怕。

White House Announcer: (archival) : Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States.

白宫播音员：（档案）：女士们先生们，美国总统。

Narrator: : Gorbachev's visit two months later was seen during Reagan's presidency as its triumphal moment.

旁白：：戈尔巴乔夫两个月后的访问被视为里根总统任期内的胜利时刻。

In retrospect it may have been the first of many.

回想起来，这可能是众多事件中的第一个。

Gorbachev came to sign a treaty eliminating the intermediate range missiles in Europe.

戈尔巴乔夫签署了一项消除欧洲中程导弹的条约。

To accept Reagan's zero option so scorned six years earlier.

接受六年前遭到蔑视的里根的零选择。

At Reykjavik he had tried to link these reductions to Reagan's giving up SDI.

在雷克雅未克，他曾试图将这些削减与里根放弃 SDI 联系起来。

Now, eager for an agreement, he accepted Reagan's terms.

现在，由于渴望达成协议，他接受了里根的条件。

Reagan: (archival) : Thank you.

里根：（档案）：谢谢。

It was over six years ago, Nov.

那是六年多前的事了，十一月二十日。

18, 1981, that I first proposed what would come to be called the zero option.

1981 年 12 月 18 日，我首次提出了后来被称为“零”的选项。

It was a simple proposal, one might say disarmingly simple.

这是一个简单的提议，有人可能会说简单得令人解除武装。

Narrator: : For the first time in the nuclear age, a treaty would reduce nuclear weapons.

旁白：：在核时代，第一次通过条约减少核武器。

Another, cutting long range missile forces in half, would be ready for President Bush to sign.

另一项将远程导弹部队削减一半的计划将准备好供布什总统签署。

Building up to build down produced results that made the goals of the freeze movement seem modest.

建立起来的结果使冻结运动的目标显得微不足道。

Howard Baker, Chief of Staff: : It was historic.

参谋长霍华德·贝克：这是历史性的。

And I remember him expressing his pleasure that it was done, and I remember him pushing me hard for how the Senate was going to treat it.

我记得他对此事的完成表示高兴，我记得他极力敦促我参议院将如何对待它。

But I don't think I ever heard him crow about that.

但我想我从来没有听过他对此大喊大叫过。

Thinking back on it, Ronald Reagan never crowed about anything.

回想起来，罗纳德·里根从来没有对任何事情吹嘘过。

I don't think I ever heard him make an immodest statement about his own achievements.

我想我从来没有听过他对自己的成就做出过不谦虚的陈述。

He was very straight forward and very modest man.

他是一个非常直率、非常谦虚的人。

Narrator: : The vocal conservatives now wrote off Ronald Reagan.

旁白：：直言不讳的保守派现在不再理睬罗纳德·里根。

Columnist George Will accused him of accelerating America's "intellectual disarmament" and "succumbing fully to the arms control chimera." Others called him a "useful idiot for Soviet propaganda" and an "apologist for Gorbachev."

专栏作家乔治·威尔指责他加速了美国的“知识裁军”并“完全屈服于军备控制的幻想”。其他人称他是“对苏联宣传有用的白痴”和“戈尔巴乔夫的辩护者”。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: It was a historic achievement, and he was very pleased and happy about it.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯：这是一项历史性的成就，他对此感到非常高兴和高兴。

But I think he regarded it as an interim step in the progression he was making toward his real goal, which was the elimination of totalitarianism from the surface of the earth.

但我认为他认为这是他朝着真正目标迈出的一步，即从地球表面消除极权主义。

Announcer: (archival) : Miene damen und herren -- Mr. Ronald Reagan und Mrs. Nancy Reagan.

播音员：（档案）：Miene damen und herren -- 罗纳德·里根先生和南希·里根夫人。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: The one thing that Reagan was more passionate about than anything other was the unsupportable phenomenon of totalitarian power enslaving a large part of the world's population.

埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris），官方传记作者：里根最热衷的一件事是极权主义权力奴役世界大部分人口的令人难以容忍的现象。

In other words what he was really looking forward to was the collapse of Soviet communism.

换句话说，他真正期待的是苏联共产主义的崩溃。

He wanted to see the Wall come down.

他希望看到柏林墙倒塌。

Reagan: (archival) : Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.

里根：（档案）：戈尔巴乔夫先生，推倒这堵墙。

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: He wanted to see free elections and freedom, and liberty and Christianity in Russia.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：他希望在俄罗斯看到自由选举和自由，以及自由和基督教。

It's as simple as that.

就这么简单。

Narrator: : Reagan's "Mission to Moscow" in May 1988 was his final crusade.

旁白： 1988 年 5 月，里根的“莫斯科之行”是他最后的十字军东征。

It began with a threat that forced the Soviets to let a Jewish couple emigrate.

一切始于迫使苏联允许一对犹太夫妇移民的威胁。

George Shultz, Secretary of State: : He said, "Well, on the way to the Kremlin, what I'm going to do is go to the apartment of this couple that you're not allowing to emigrate and visit with them." With 2,000 press along, you know.

国务卿乔治·舒尔茨：他说，“好吧，在去克里姆林宫的路上，我要做的就是去这对你们不允许移民的夫妇的公寓，并拜访他们。”你知道，有 2,000 名记者参与其中。

So he said that that's what he intended to do.

所以他说这就是他打算做的。

By this time they knew Ronald Reagan well enough to know that if he said that was what he was going to do he would do it.

此时，他们已经足够了解罗纳德·里根，知道如果他说那就是他要做的事，他就会这么做。

He did not make idle threats.

他并没有无端威胁。

Narrator: : The next day he mortified the Soviets by entertaining 100 dissidents at the U.S. Embassy.

旁白：：第二天，他在美国大使馆招待了 100 名持不同政见者，这让苏联人感到羞辱。

Reagan: (archival) : On human rights, on the fundamental dignity of the human person, there can be no relenting.

里根：（档案）：在人权、人的基本尊严方面，不能有任何手软。

For now, we must work for more.

现在，我们必须努力争取更多。

Always more.

总是更多。

Narrator: : At the Danilov monastery he pushed for more religious freedom.

旁白：：在丹尼洛夫修道院，他推动更多的宗教自由。

Reagan: (archival) : Our people feel keenly when religious freedom is denied to anyone anywhere and hope with you that all the many Soviet religious communities will soon be able to practice their religion freely and instruct their children in the fundamentals of their faith.

里根：（档案）：当任何地方任何人的宗教自由被剥夺时，我们的人民都深感痛心，并希望所有的苏联宗教团体很快能够自由地实践他们的宗教，并指导他们的孩子了解他们信仰的基本原则。

Narrator: : At Moscow State University, Reagan tried to convert the next generation of Soviet leaders with his simple message of freedom.

旁白：：在莫斯科国立大学，里根试图用他简单的自由信息改变下一代苏联领导人的信仰。

Reagan: (archival) : Your generation is living in one of the most exciting, hopeful times in Soviet history.

里根：（档案）：你们这一代人生活在苏联历史上最激动人心、最充满希望的时代之一。

It is a time when the first breath of freedom stirs the air and the heart beats to the accelerated rhythm of hope, when the accumulated spiritual energies of a long silence yearn to break free.

这是自由的第一口呼吸搅动空气的时刻，心脏随着希望的节奏加速跳动，长期沉默中积累的精神能量渴望挣脱束缚。

We do not know what the conclusion will be of this journey.

我们不知道这次旅程的结局是什么。

But we're hopeful that the promise of reform will be fulfilled.

但我们希望改革的承诺能够兑现。

In this Moscow spring, this May 1988, we may be allowed that hope.

在这个莫斯科之春，即 1988 年 5 月，我们可能会抱有这样的希望。

Narrator: : Until the end Ronald Reagan tried to undermine the foundations of communist rule.

旁白：：直到最后，罗纳德·里根都试图破坏共产主义统治的基础。

To preach his dream of freedom.

宣扬他的自由梦想。

In his convictions he never changed.

他的信念从未改变。

But his behavior did change.

但他的行为确实发生了变化。

He found a communist he could trust.

他找到了一个可以信任的共产主义者。

Reagan: (archival) : Before things get too far out of hand, we'll find ourselves standing like this.

里根：（档案）：在事情变得失控之前，我们会发现自己像这样站着。

Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Ministry USSR: : He was a different man by the end of the '80s from what he was at the beginning of the '80s.

苏联外交部亚历山大·贝斯默特尼克 (Alexander Bessmertnykh)：：到了 80 年代末，他已经与 80 年代初不同了。

And he realized the importance of the improved relationship with the Soviet Union and he has personally contributed to that very, very much.

他意识到改善与苏联关系的重要性，他个人为此做出了非常非常大的贡献。

And that has changed the world.

这改变了世界。

It presented the scene for the end of the Cold War completely which happened just several, a couple of years after that.

它完整​​地呈现了冷战结束后几年、几年后发生的情景。

Reporter: (archival) : You still think you are in an evil empire, Mr. President?

记者：（档案）：总统先生，您还认为自己身处一个邪恶的帝国吗？

Reagan: (archival) : I was talking about another time.

里根：（档案）：我说的是另一次。

Another era.

另一个时代。

Mikhail Gorbachev: (archival) : This statement, I think, really focused, concentrated, all the changes that happened to Ronald Reagan, himself.

米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）：（档案）：我认为，这一声明真正集中、集中了罗纳德·里根本人所发生的所有变化。

It means that even a person who had a kind of bias and who was at an age when it's not easy to change, he showed that he was able and ready to change his position, to change his evaluation.

这意味着，即使一个人有某种偏见，在一个不容易改变的年龄，他也表明他有能力并且准备好改变他的立场，改变他的评价。

So he is really a very big person.

所以说他真的是一个非常大的人。

A very great political leader and, well, the rest is up to you.

一位非常伟大的政治领袖，剩下的就取决于你了。

Narrator: : When Reagan was in Moscow in May 1988, the Cold War was ending.

旁白： 1988 年 5 月，当里根在莫斯科时，冷战即将结束。

He never expected the tide would turn so quickly.

他万万没想到，局势转变得这么快。

That same month Gorbachev began withdrawing Soviet forces from Afghanistan.

同月，戈尔巴乔夫开始从阿富汗撤军。

The next year, in June 1989, Lech Walesa was elected president of Poland.

次年，即 1989 年 6 月，莱赫·瓦文萨当选波兰总统。

Gorbachev refused to intervene.

戈尔巴乔夫拒绝干预。

As Reagan had foreseen, the rest of Eastern Europe followed.

正如里根所预见的那样，东欧其他国家也纷纷效仿。

In November 1989, the Berlin Wall came down.

1989年11月，柏林墙倒塌。

In February 1990 in free elections in Nicaragua, the Sandinistas were voted out of power.

1990年2月，尼加拉瓜举行自由选举，桑地诺民族解放阵线落选。

Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet system's best response to the challenge of Ronald Reagan, could not control the reforms he had begun.

米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫是苏联体制对罗纳德·里根挑战的最佳回应，但他无法控制他已经开始的改革。

On Christmas Day 1991 he dissolved the Soviet Union.

1991 年圣诞节，他解散了苏联。

What Reagan had predicted before Parliament came true.

里根在议会之前的预言成真了。

The Soviet Union was consigned to the ash heap of history.

苏联就此被扔进了历史的灰堆。

Anthony Lewis, Columnist: You can't deny credit to a president who was in power at a time when, the Cold War was, though we may not have known it at the time, approaching its end -- can't deny that credit.

安东尼·刘易斯，专栏作家：你不能否认冷战即将结束时掌权的总统的功劳，尽管我们当时可能还不知道，但不能否认这种功劳。

On the other hand, we paid a terrible price for that, and we are continuing to pay it, and our children are going to pay it, because we ran up budget deficits cumulatively larger than everything from the beginning of this country to that date which makes the ability of the national government in this country to govern very limited.

另一方面，我们为此付出了可怕的代价，而且我们将继续付出代价，我们的子孙也将为此付出代价，因为我们的预算赤字累计超过了从建国之初至今的一切，这使得这个国家的中央政府的治理能力非常有限。

Narrator: : When he left the White House in January 1989 Reagan had time to work on his ranch.

旁白： 1989 年 1 月离开白宫时，里根有时间在他的牧场工作。

There were still gophers to plink and brush to clear and vistas to open.

仍然有地鼠叮叮当当的声音和刷子需要清理，还有远景需要打开。

He was almost 78 years old.

他已经快78岁了。

Dennis LeBlanc, Ranch Manager: : Probably when he was 80, 81 he was still using the chain saws.

丹尼斯·勒布朗 (Dennis LeBlanc)，牧场经理：：可能在他 80、81 岁时，他仍在使用链锯。

But I believe he started concentrating more on the pole saw.

但我相信他开始更加专注于高杆锯。

You know, I don't know if age entered into it or not or if he just liked reaching high.

你知道，我不知道是否是年龄的影响，或者他是否只是喜欢攀高。

Narrator: : There's a rock at the ranch where Reagan carved his initials and Nancy's and those of his married children.

旁白：牧场里有一块岩石，里根在上面刻下了他、南希和他已婚孩子名字的首字母缩写。

And Patti's name.

还有帕蒂的名字。

"We've reached out to Patti since I left the White House," he wrote, "but so far she's made it plain to me that she thinks I am wrong and that she is against everything I stand for." On Feb.

“自从我离开白宫以来，我们一直在联系帕蒂，”他写道，“但到目前为止，她已经向我明确表示，她认为我错了，她反对我所代表的一切。”二月。

4, 1994, five years after he left the White House, Patti called on her father to wish him a happy 83rd birthday.

1994年12月4日，在他离开白宫五年后，帕蒂打电话给她的父亲，祝他83岁生日快乐。

Patti Davis, Daughter: I sort of got this overwhelming feeling that I should go see my father.

帕蒂·戴维斯，女儿：我有一种压倒性的感觉，我应该去看我的父亲。

I had started to write Angels Don't Die , about the spiritual gifts that he had imparted to me throughout my life.

我开始写《天使不死》，讲述他一生中传授给我的精神礼物。

And, so he was very much on my mind.

而且，所以他非常在我的脑海里。

And I didn't even know if my parents were in town or, or, you know, if they were around, or if they were home.

我什至不知道我的父母是否在城里，或者，你知道，他们是否在附近，或者他们是否在家。

And I called and he answered the phone and he was there alone.

我打电话给他，他接了电话，他独自一人在那里。

And I went up and saw him and told him about the book that I was writing, told him how much he had enriched my life with his spirituality and by teaching me, really quite simply, to talk to God.

我上去见了他，告诉他我正在写的书，告诉他他的灵性如何丰富了我的生活，并教我（非常简单地）与上帝交谈。

And he was very moved by my telling him that because he had always wondered, as he said, what my faith was.

我告诉他这些，他非常感动，因为正如他所说，他一直想知道我的信仰是什么。

Narrator: : Patti made peace with her father the day after his 83rd birthday tribute.

旁白：：帕蒂在父亲 83 岁生日致悼词后的第二天与他和解。

There was no time to spare.

没有多余的时间了。

At that event others began to notice him falter.

在那次事件中，其他人开始注意到他犹豫不决。

Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister: : I remember we met beforehand to do all the photographs, which we usually do.

英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔：我记得我们事先会面拍摄所有照片，这是我们通常做的。

And he was very quiet and not very communicative at all.

而且他很安静，根本不怎么说话。

And Nancy had to lead him to the platform holding him by the hand.

南希不得不拉着他的手把他带到站台上。

And when she put up her hand to wave, immediately, she said to Ron, "Wave." And he did.

当她举起手来挥手时，她立即对罗恩说：“挥手。”他做到了。

And I had thought that he was probably very tired.

我以为他可能很累了。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : When his time came there seemed to be a hesitancy, and his voice was not its usual strong, exacting voice.

总统的医生约翰·赫顿博士：：当他的时间到来时，他似乎有些犹豫，而且他的声音也不像平常那​​样强烈、严厉。

Reagan: (archival) : Frankly, for a minute there I was a bit concerned that after all these years away from Washington, you all would not recognize me.

里根：（档案）：坦率地说，有一分钟我有点担心离开华盛顿这么多年之后，你们都认不出我了。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : And then suddenly it was as if a switch had gone on, and his old elegance was right back.

总统医师约翰·赫顿博士：：突然间，好像开关打开了，他昔日的优雅又回来了。

Reagan: (archival) : I can't tell you how thrilled Nancy and I are to be here with you tonight to celebrate as Margaret said the 44th anniversary of my 39th birthday.

里根：（档案）：我无法告诉你南希和我今晚能和你们一起庆祝玛格丽特所说的我 39 岁生日 44 周年，这是多么激动。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : After this was all over we went back to the hotel, and he said "I'm going to have to have a little help.

总统的医生约翰·赫顿医生：：一切结束后，我们回到酒店，他说：“我需要一点帮助。

I, I'm a little confused.

我，我有点困惑。

I, I don't know where I am." And with just a little bit of a reminder, he was fine, but Mrs. Reagan had said, "There, now do you see what I mean?" she said.

我、我不知道我在哪里。”只要稍微提醒一下，他就没事了，但里根夫人说：“好了，现在你明白我的意思了吗？”她说。

And she said, "this is happening more and more often."

她说，“这种情况发生得越来越频繁。”

Ronald Prescott Reagan, Son: I think all of us went through some period in our lives where we missed him while he was still there.

罗纳德·普雷斯科特·里根之子：我认为我们所有人都经历过生命中的某个时期，当他还在那里时，我们很想念他。

And you know, kind of banged our head against that wall, you know, why can't we get any closer.

你知道，我们的头撞到了墙上，你知道，为什么我们不能再靠近一点。

Why can't there be more of a rapport.

为什么不能有更多的融洽关系呢？

But after you accept that you know, there just isn't going to be, you know, then you make your peace with that and, you know, now I mean it's an awful tragedy of course, Alzheimer's is a terrible thing, and you know, you wouldn't wish it on your worst enemy.

但当你接受你知道的事实之后，就不会再有这种情况了，你知道，然后你就接受了，你知道，现在我的意思是，这当然是一场可怕的悲剧，阿尔茨海默氏症是一件可怕的事情，你知道，你不会希望它降临在你最大的敌人身上。

But some of the pain, maybe is lessened by the fact that things haven't changed that much in a way.

但一些痛苦也许会因为事情在某种程度上没有发生太大变化而减轻。

You know, he's not.

你知道，他不是。

You know, we're not missing something that we had to begin with.

你知道，我们并没有错过一些我们必须开始的东西。

Dr. John Hutton, Physician to the President: : The President was very frustrated and I remember one time when he was trying to explain something to me, he simply couldn't go on with whatever it was he was trying to get across to me and said, you know, I'm, John, I'm just bewildered.

总统医生约翰·赫顿博士：总统非常沮丧，我记得有一次，当他试图向我解释一件事时，他根本无法继续他试图向我传达的信息，他说，你知道，我，约翰，​​我只是感到困惑。

Finally, he realized that it was, that it was becoming even difficult to make tapes which he used to make for political friends, etc. and we finally had to abandon doing, making those, at which time he said, "I've got to somehow reach out and tell people that I can't do this anymore."

最后，他意识到，制作他过去为政治朋友等制作的磁带变得更加困难，我们最终不得不放弃这样做，制作这些，当时他说，“我必须以某种方式伸出援手，告诉人们我不能再这样做了。”

Narrator: : This time there was no denial.

旁白：：这次没有否认。

"My Fellow Americans.

“我的美国同胞们。

I have recently been told that I am one of the millions of Americans who will be afflicted with Alzheimer's Disease.

最近有人告诉我，我是数百万患有阿尔茨海默病的美国人之一。

Upon hearing this news Nancy and I had to decide whether as private citizens we would keep this a private matter or whether we would make this news known in a public way."

听到这个消息后，南希和我必须决定，作为普通公民，我们是否将此事视为私事，还是以公开方式公布这一消息。”

"We feel it is important to share it with you.

“我们认为与您分享这一点很重要。

In opening our hearts, we hope this might promote a greater awareness of this condition."

通过敞开心扉，我们希望这可以提高人们对这种情况的认识。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: I can't think of anything that I've seen that was so transparently honest, courageous and articulate.

官方传记作者埃德蒙·莫里斯（Edmund Morris）：我想不出我见过的任何东西能如此明显地诚实、勇敢和善于表达。

The writing had the ultimate quality of good writing which is unblinking acceptance of the truth.

这篇文章具有优秀写作的终极品质，那就是毫不眨眼地接受真理。

Narrator: : "Unfortunately as Alzheimer's Disease progresses the family often bears a heavy burden.

旁白：“不幸的是，随着阿尔茨海默病的进展，家庭往往承受着沉重的负担。

I only wish there was some way I could spare Nancy from this painful experience."

我只希望有什么办法可以让南希摆脱这段痛苦的经历。”

"When the Lord calls me home whenever that may be, I will leave with the greatest love for this country of ours and eternal optimism for its future."

“当主召唤我回家时，无论何时，我都会带着对我们这个国家最大的爱和对其未来的永恒乐观离开。”

Edmund Morris, Official Biographer: I find it very difficult to think emotionally about Ronald Reagan.

埃德蒙·莫里斯，官方传记作者：我发现很难从情感上思考罗纳德·里根。

But that is one thing he did that catches me in the heart, is the courage with which he left his conscious life.

但他所做的一件事让我感动不已，那就是他放弃自己意识生活的勇气。

The courage with which he stopped.

他停下来的勇气。

He simply stopped.

他只是停了下来。

Narrator: : "I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life.

旁白：“我现在开始踏上人生的夕阳之旅。

"I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead.

“我知道，对于美国来说，前方永远会有光明的黎明。

Thank you my friends.

谢谢我的朋友们。

May God always bless you.

愿上帝永远保佑你。

Sincerely, Ronald Reagan."

此致，罗纳德·里根。”

On March 4, 1987, President Reagan delivered a speech from the Oval Office on the Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy

1987年3月4日，里根总统在椭圆形办公室就伊朗武器和反政府援助争议发表讲话

Watch a preview of the second half of Reagan.

观看里根下半场的预览。

In 1988, after two terms in office, Ronald Reagan left the White House one of the most popular presidents of the twentieth century — and one of the most controversial.

1988 年，在两届任期结束后，罗纳德·里根离开了白宫，他是二十世纪最受欢迎的总统之一，也是最具争议性的总统之一。

Whether on the silver screen or the political stage, Reagan was durable, optimistic, American.

无论是在银幕上还是在政治舞台上，里根都是一个坚韧、乐观的美国人。

President Ronald Reagan's speech to a joint session of Congress on the Program for Economic Recovery, April 28, 1981.

1981 年 4 月 28 日，罗纳德·里根总统在国会联席会议上就经济复苏计划发表讲话。

Joined by his wife Nancy, President Reagan address the nation about combatting drug abuse.

里根总统在妻子南希的陪同下向全国发表了关于打击毒品滥用的讲话。

On November 5, 1994, former President Ronald Reagan published a letter to the American people announcing his diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

1994年11月5日，前总统罗纳德·里根发表致美国人民的一封信，宣布他诊断出患有阿尔茨海默病。

In 1989, after two terms in office, Ronald Reagan delivered this farewell speech.

1989年，在两届任期结束后，罗纳德·里根发表了这篇告别演说。

Although President Ronald Reagan did not actually use the phrase "evil empire" in this June 8, 1982 speech, he described the collapse of global communism as inevitable.

尽管罗纳德·里根总统在 1982 年 6 月 8 日的演讲中实际上并没有使用“邪恶帝国”这个词，但他形容全球共产主义的崩溃是不可避免的。

In 1982, the economy under the Reagan Administration looked bleak.

1982年，里根政府领导下的经济显得黯淡。

The delegations of Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan met in Geneva in 1985.

米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫和罗纳德·里根的代表团于 1985 年在日内瓦会面。