Rachel Carson
Narrator: It was 1962 –– the height of the Cold War –– a moment when unrelenting anxiety about the future was leavened by an abiding faith in the power of science to secure our safety and prosperity.
旁白：那是 1962 年，冷战最激烈的时期，人们对未来的持续焦虑，与对科学力量确保我们安全和繁荣的坚定信念交织在一起。
Then came an incendiary book that sowed seeds of doubt.
然后出现了一本煽动性的书，播下了怀疑的种子。
Archival: [Sevareid]: This is one of the nation's best sellers, first printed on September 27, 1962.
档案：[Sevareid]：这是全国最畅销的书籍之一，首次印刷于 1962 年 9 月 27 日。
Up to now 500,000 copies have been sold, and Silent Spring has been called the most controversial book of the year.
截至目前已售出50万册，《寂静的春天》被称为年度最具争议的书籍。
Narrator: At the eye of the storm was Rachel Carson, one of the most celebrated American writers of her time.
旁白：处于风暴中心的是雷切尔·卡森，她是她那个时代最著名的美国作家之一。
With her first three books –– a lyrical trilogy about the sea –– Carson had opened people's eyes to the natural world.
卡森通过她的前三本书——关于海洋的抒情三部曲——打开了人们对自然世界的视野。
Now, in Silent Spring , she delivered the dark warning that they might soon destroy it.
现在，在《寂静的春天》中，她发出了黑暗的警告：他们可能很快就会摧毁它。
Archival: [Rachel Carson] If we are ever to solve the basic problem of environmental contamination, we must begin to count the many hidden costs of what we are doing.
档案：[雷切尔·卡森]如果我们要解决环境污染的基本问题，我们必须开始计算我们正在做的事情的许多隐性成本。
Archival: [White-Stevens] Miss Carson maintains that the balance of nature is a major force in the survival of man.
档案：[怀特-史蒂文斯]卡森小姐认为，自然平衡是人类生存的主要力量。
Whereas the modern chemist, the modern biologist, the modern scientist believes that man is steadily controlling nature.
而现代化学家、现代生物学家、现代科学家则认为人类正在稳步控制自然。
Mark Lytle, Historian: It was sort of the gospel at the time that human ingenuity would triumph over nature; what Carson was arguing was for caution.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：在当时，人类的聪明才智将战胜自然，这在某种程度上是福音。卡森主张的是谨慎行事。
She really confronted the orthodoxies of her time.
她确实挑战了她那个时代的正统观念。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: She was accused of being a Communist, of being a hysterical, female Luddite.
内奥米·奥雷斯克斯 (Naomi Oreskes)，历史学家：她被指控为共产党员、歇斯底里的女性勒德分子。
The reaction was to attack the messenger.
反应是攻击信使。
Narrator: Carson was an unlikely heretic.
旁白：卡森不太可能是一个异教徒。
Dutiful, demure, and so jealous of her solitude that her most intimate relationship was conducted mainly through letters, she'd thrust herself into the public eye –– all the while harboring a secret that was literally killing her.
她尽职尽责，端庄，而且非常嫉妒自己的孤独，以至于她最亲密的关系主要通过信件进行，她把自己暴露在公众的视线中——同时隐藏着一个真正杀死她的秘密。
To some, Silent Spring was an act of heroism; to others, an irresponsible breach of scientific objectivity.
对一些人来说，《寂静的春天》是一种英雄主义行为；对一些人来说，《寂静的春天》是一种英雄主义行为。对其他人来说，这是对科学客观性的不负责任的违反。
But there could be no dispute that with her rebuke to modern technological science, Carson had shattered a paradigm.
但毫无疑问，卡森对现代技术科学的斥责打破了一种范式。
William Souder, Biographer: Rachel Carson not only changed the kind of questions we ask about the environment; I think she caused us to start to ask those questions.
传记作者威廉·苏德：雷切尔·卡森不仅改变了我们提出的有关环境的问题；而且还改变了我们对环境问题的看法。我认为她让我们开始问这些问题。
She’s the instigator.
她是煽动者。
Narrator: In mid-July 1945, as the Second World War ground on in the Pacific and weary Americans scanned the morning's headlines for the word "victory," Rachel Carson was trying to call attention to what she believed was a war against the earth.
旁白：1945 年 7 月中旬，第二次世界大战在太平洋上打响，疲惫的美国人在早上的头条新闻中寻找“胜利”一词，雷切尔·卡森试图引起人们对她认为是一场针对地球的战争的关注。
Carson was 38 that summer, and restless.
那年夏天，卡森 38 岁了，他焦躁不安。
A writer by inclination and a biologist by training, she'd spent much of the previous decade in the employ of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, overseeing publications about its conservation work.
她是一名作家和训练有素的生物学家，过去十年的大部分时间都在美国鱼类和野生动物管理局工作，监督有关其保护工作的出版物。
The job paid the bills; but Carson craved a wider audience.
工作可以支付账单；但卡森渴望有更广泛的观众。
Now, the agency had undertaken a study she felt warranted public attention.
现在，该机构进行了一项她认为值得公众关注的研究。
As she put it in a letter to the popular monthly Reader's Digest: "Practically at my backdoor...
正如她在给流行的《读者文摘》月刊的一封信中所说：“实际上是在我的后门......
in Maryland an experiment of more than ordinary interest and importance is going on."
在马里兰州正在进行一项超乎寻常的兴趣和重要性的实验。”
On a vast, forested tract at the Patuxent Research Refuge, not far from Carson's home in Silver Spring, Fish and Wildlife scientists had begun to examine the environmental impacts of a relatively new chemistry-lab creation: a so-called "synthetic" pesticide known as DDT.
在距卡森位于银泉的家不远的帕图森特研究保护区的一片广阔森林里，鱼类和野生动物科学家们开始研究一种相对较新的化学实验室产品对环境的影响：一种称为“合成”农药的滴滴涕。
William Souder, Biographer: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT.
William Souder，传记作者：二氯二苯基三氯乙烷，滴滴涕。
It was first synthesized back in the 19th century and it sat on lab shelves for decades.
它于 19 世纪首次被合成，并在实验室货架上放置了数十年。
Nobody knew if it did anything, if it had any useful purpose, until 1939 when a Swiss chemist named Paul Müller discovered that it was a very potent insecticide and killed all kinds of bugs very readily.
没有人知道它是否有作用，是否有任何有用的用途，直到 1939 年，一位名叫保罗·穆勒 (Paul Müller) 的瑞士化学家发现它是一种非常有效的杀虫剂，可以轻松杀死各种昆虫。
Archival: Absorbed through the feet or other parts of the body, DDT effects the nervous system and motor coordination of the insect.
档案：滴滴涕通过脚或身体其他部位吸收，会影响昆虫的神经系统和运动协调。
Several hours elapse before symptoms develop; then in sequence follows restlessness, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and death.
症状出现前几个小时；然后依次是烦躁、颤抖、抽搐、瘫痪和死亡。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: Farmers have been doing war with insects and other pests for a long time and they had been using what we think of now as almost obviously homicidal poisons to do that.
黛博拉·布鲁姆，科学作家：长期以来，农民一直在与昆虫和其他害虫作斗争，他们一直在使用我们现在认为的几乎明显是杀人的毒药来做到这一点。
But for the first time we have a sort of new generation pesticide.
但这是我们第一次拥有一种新一代农药。
It’s a whole new fascinating kind of chemical formula that's not obviously toxic to people and insects are dying all over the place.
这是一种全新的、令人着迷的化学配方，对人类没有明显的毒性，而且昆虫到处都在死亡。
Narrator: After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. military had rushed DDT to the battle zones, in an effort to protect American troops from insect-borne diseases such as typhus –– which was spread by lice, and left untreated could kill.
旁白：珍珠港事件发生后，美国军方将滴滴涕赶到战区，以保护美军免受斑疹伤寒等虫媒疾病的侵害——斑疹伤寒是通过虱子传播的，如果不及时治疗可能会致命。
Archival [DDT]: Weapon Against Disease (1945)]: This was Naples, Italy, shortly after the Allied occupation.
档案[DDT]：对抗疾病的武器（1945）]：这是盟军占领后不久的意大利那不勒斯。
Its crowded population lacked almost everything for the safeguarding of public health.
其拥挤的人口几乎缺乏保障公众健康的一切。
The perfect set-up for epidemic.
应对流行病的完美设置。
David Kinkela, Historian: Naples is really a city under siege.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：那不勒斯确实是一座被围困的城市。
And typhus spreads quickly under those kinds of conditions.
在这种情况下斑疹伤寒会迅速传播。
So they set up spray stations in the cities, spraying thousands of people a day with hand sprayers –– people who wanted to get sprayed, people who didn’t wanna get sprayed, children, elderly.
因此，他们在城市设立了喷雾站，每天用手持喷雾器向数千人喷洒——包括想要喷洒的人、不想喷洒的人、儿童、老人。
Archival: Next, the 40,000 Italians dwelling in the jam-packed air raid shelters were deloused.
档案：接下来，居住在拥挤的防空洞里的 40,000 名意大利人被除掉了虱子。
Narrator: In all, more than a million people were dusted with DDT, and the epidemic was stopped in its tracks.
旁白：总共有超过一百万人喷洒了滴滴涕，疫情被制止了。
“Neapolitans," the New York Times reported, "are now throwing DDT at brides instead of rice.” Meanwhile, in the tropical Pacific theater –– where more soldiers had been sidelined by malaria than by gunshot wounds –– entire islands were saturated with DDT.
据《纽约时报》报道，“那不勒斯人现在向新娘扔滴滴涕，而不是大米。”与此同时，在热带太平洋战区——那里因疟疾而缺阵的士兵多于因枪伤而缺阵的士兵——整个岛屿上都充满了滴滴涕。
Mark Lytle, Historian: General Douglas MacArthur once said that in war an Army commander had three divisions, one in the front fighting, one in reserve, and one in the rear being refitted.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军曾经说过，在战争中，陆军指挥官拥有三个师，一个在前线作战，一个在预备队，一个在后方进行整修。
He said, “I have one in the front, one in reserve, and one in the hospital” because of malaria.
他说，“我有一个在前线，一个在后备，还有一个在医院”因为疟疾。
But with DDT that problem diminished substantially.
但有了滴滴涕，这个问题就大大减少了。
It was considered to be a miracle substance in that it saved hundreds of thousands of lives.
它被认为是一种神奇的物质，因为它拯救了数十万人的生命。
Narrator: By the middle of 1944, TIME magazine had pronounced DDT “one of the great scientific discoveries of World War II.” To Reader's Digest, Rachel Carson was offering a new angle –– a piece exploring DDT's potential to cause collateral damage to wildlife.
旁白：1944 年中期，《时代》杂志宣布滴滴涕为“二战期间最伟大的科学发现之一”。雷切尔·卡森 (Rachel Carson) 在《读者文摘》中提供了一个新角度——一篇探讨滴滴涕对野生动物造成附带损害的潜力的文章。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: Biologists for the Fish and Wildlife Service begin to see pretty quickly that when DDT is used in certain areas there’s evidence of problems.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯 (Naomi Oreskes)：鱼类和野生动物管理局的生物学家很快就发现，当在某些地区使用滴滴涕时，就会出现问题。
There’s evidence of fish kill or bird kill and they see that and like any expert they publish it in a place where other experts will read it.
有鱼类死亡或鸟类死亡的证据，他们看到了这一点，并且像任何专家一样，他们将其发布在其他专家会阅读的地方。
But how that information then filters out to a larger public is a very big question.
但这些信息如何传播给更多公众是一个非常大的问题。
William Souder, Biographer: Carson understood the implications of this.
传记作者威廉·苏德：卡森理解这一点的含义。
She wanted to write a story warning people that, “We need to be a little bit careful with this.
她想写一个故事来警告人们：“我们需要对此小心一点。
This looks like it’s a great thing but we maybe need to be cautious in how we use it, how much of it we use.”
这看起来是一件很棒的事情，但我们可能需要谨慎对待它的使用方式和用量。”
Linda Lear, Biographer: But Reader’s Digest doesn't want this article.
琳达·李尔，传记作者：但是《读者文摘》不需要这篇文章。
They essentially say, “Oh, housewives would be just turned off by this.
他们本质上是在说：“哦，家庭主妇们可能会对此感到厌烦。
They wouldn’t wanna know about this terrible stuff so no. No, thank you.”
他们不想知道这些可怕的事情，所以不。不，谢谢。”
Archival: The victory flash electrified Times Square keyed to the bursting point as the magic word of complete surrender came through.
档案：随着“彻底投降”这一神奇词的出现，胜利的闪光照亮了时代广场，达到了爆发点。
Narrator: Just weeks later, the war in the Pacific finally was won, and credit for the victory went to the twin weapons of modern science: the atomic bomb and the so-called "insect bomb," DDT.
旁白：仅仅几周后，太平洋战争终于取得了胜利，胜利的功劳归功于现代科学的双武器：原子弹和所谓的“昆虫炸弹”滴滴涕。
Mark Lytle, Historian: Americans were actually healthier and the death rate went down during World War II even if you include soldiers in the equation.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：二战期间，美国人实际上更健康，死亡率也下降了，即使你把士兵也包括在内。
And so people considered this a real triumph of human ingenuity over the old pestilences of, of nature that had made life nasty, brutish, and short.
因此，人们认为这是人类的聪明才智战胜了使生命变得肮脏、野蛮和短暂的自然瘟疫的真正胜利。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: So people just went, “Wow.
Deborah Blum，科学作家：所以人们只是说，“哇。
We have this incredibly potent compound, doesn’t cause any harm to anything but bugs.
我们拥有这种非常有效的化合物，除了虫子之外不会对任何东西造成任何伤害。
We’ll just use it everywhere.”
我们将在任何地方使用它。”
Archival: I consider this amazing chemical the most valuable contribution of our wartime medical research program for the future health and welfare not only of this nation, but of the entire world.
档案：我认为这种神奇的化学物质是我们战时医学研究计划对这个国家乃至整个世界未来健康和福祉最有价值的贡献。
Narrator: Carson's misgivings about DDT were not assuaged.
旁白：卡森对滴滴涕的疑虑并未消除。
But she was in no position to spend time on a story she couldn't sell.
但她没有资格把时间花在一个她卖不出去的故事上。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She really is pretty certain that synthetic pesticides are not good for the environment, and that they have the power to destroy, which is not being made clear to anybody.
传记作者琳达·李尔：她确实非常确定合成农药对环境不利，而且它们具有破坏性，但没有人清楚这一点。
But Reader’s Digest doesn’t think so.
但《读者文摘》并不这么认为。
So she gives it up.
所以她放弃了。
She puts it away.
她把它收起来。
But it really doesn’t go away.
但它确实不会消失。
Voice: Rachel Carson: I can remember no time, even in earliest childhood, when I didn’t assume I was going to be a writer.
配音：雷切尔·卡森：我不记得任何时候，即使是在童年时期，我也没有想过自己会成为一名作家。
Also, I can remember no time when I wasn’t interested in the out-of-doors and the whole world of nature.
而且，我不记得何时我对户外活动和整个自然世界不感兴趣。
Those interests, I know, I inherited from my mother and have always shared with her.
我知道，这些兴趣是我从母亲那里继承来的，并且一直与她分享。
Narrator: She was, from the very beginning, her mother's child.
旁白：她从一开始就是她母亲的孩子。
A former schoolteacher of stern Presbyterian stock, Maria Carson had given up her career for marriage and motherhood –– only to find herself alone among strangers.
玛丽亚·卡森（Maria Carson）曾是一位严厉的长老会教师，她为了婚姻和母亲而放弃了自己的职业生涯，却发现自己孤独地置身于陌生人之中。
Her husband Robert, while well-meaning, had never managed to provide more than a meagre existence.
她的丈夫罗伯特虽然善意，但始终只维持微薄的生活。
The family's clapboard house, on the Allegheny River just north of Pittsburgh, lacked both central heating and running water throughout the 29 years the Carsons occupied it.
卡森一家位于匹兹堡北部阿勒格尼河畔的隔板房屋在卡森家族居住的 29 年里一直缺乏中央供暖和自来水。
Maria's two older children already were school-aged when their younger sister was born, and already showed a marked lack of interest in their mother's passions.Rachel would be different.
玛丽亚的两个大孩子在妹妹出生时已经到了学龄，并且已经表现出对母亲的热情明显缺乏兴趣。雷切尔则不同。
William Souder, Biographer: Maria Carson was an educated woman and a woman who enjoyed reading.
传记作者威廉·苏德：玛丽亚·卡森是一位受过教育的女性，也是一位喜欢读书的女性。
She enjoyed music.
她喜欢音乐。
She was a person who, to some degree, lived a life of the mind.
在某种程度上，她是一个过着精神生活的人。
Robert K.
罗伯特·K.
Musil, Environmental Scientist: She focused and passed this all on to Rachel.
Musil，环境科学家：她专注并将这一切传递给了 Rachel。
She was ambitious for her daughter.
她对女儿抱有很大的野心。
This was her youngest, brightest, frankly favorite child and so she wanted her to get a good education.
这是她最小、最聪明、坦白说最喜欢的孩子，所以她希望她能接受良好的教育。
Narrator: Inspired by a popular educational movement which held that children should "study nature, not books," Maria made the surrounding woods and fields Rachel's first classroom.
旁白：受一场流行的教育运动的启发，该运动主张孩子们应该“学习自然，而不是书本”，玛丽亚将周围的树林和田野作为雷切尔的第一间教室。
Linda Lear, Biographer: To love the natural world, the theory went, and one will wish to protect it.
琳达·李尔（Linda Lear），传记作家：从理论上讲，热爱自然世界，人们就会希望保护它。
Mark Lytle, Historian: Rachel and her mother would spend their afternoons together exploring and she learned to identify wild things, the songs of birds, and she could recognize the nests, and the flora and fauna.
马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle），历史学家：雷切尔和她的母亲会花下午的时间一起探索，她学会了识别野生动物、鸟儿的歌声，她还能识别巢穴、动植物群。
Her mother taught her to be rigorous in her observation but it also of course deepened her relationship with her mother.
她的母亲教导她要严格观察，但这当然也加深了她与母亲的关系。
Narrator: She was the solitary sort of girl who greeted the birds on the way to school in the morning and was partial to the companionship of books.
旁白：她是那种孤独的女孩，早上上学路上迎接鸟儿，偏爱书籍的陪伴。
At the age of eight, she was writing stories of her own.
八岁时，她开始写自己的故事。
At ten, at her mother's urging, Rachel entered a contest sponsored by the popular children's magazine St. Nicholas and became a published author.
十岁时，在母亲的敦促下，雷切尔参加了由流行儿童杂志《圣尼古拉斯》主办的比赛，并成为一名出版作家。
By fourteen, she was submitting her work to magazines for sale.
十四岁时，她将自己的作品提交给杂志出售。
Robert K.
罗伯特·K.
Musil, Environmental Scientist: If we picture a girl in a small farm in Nowhere, Pennsylvania who is transported through literature and can imagine being elsewhere, I think she was led to see that as something that she could do, and it was constantly reinforced.
环境科学家穆齐尔：如果我们想象一个在宾夕法尼亚州无处的小农场里的女孩，她通过文学进入并可以想象在其他地方，我认为她被引导认为这是她可以做的事情，并且它不断得到强化。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Maria Carson had always wanted to go to college and couldn’t so she was going to be quite sure that this daughter, this smart daughter, was gonna go to college.
琳达·李尔，传记作者：玛丽亚·卡森一直想上大学，但没能上大学，所以她非常确定这个女儿，这个聪明的女儿，会上大学。
Narrator: When Rachel won a scholarship to Pennsylvania College for Women, Maria sold off even the family china to help cover her daughter's expenses, then made the 30-mile roundtrip to Pittsburgh most weekends to visit her.
旁白：当雷切尔获得宾夕法尼亚女子学院的奖学金时，玛丽亚甚至卖掉了家里的瓷器来帮助支付女儿的费用，然后大多数周末都会往返 30 英里去匹兹堡看望她。
William Souder, Biographer: She was the star pupil.
传记作者威廉·苏德：她是我的明星学生。
Everyone realized right away what a talented writer she was and also saw that this was her ambition in life that she wanted to be a writer.
大家立刻意识到她是一位多么有才华的作家，也看出她想成为一名作家，这就是她的人生抱负。
So it came as a great shock when she fell in love with biology.
因此，当她爱上生物学时，她感到非常震惊。
The science of life just struck a chord in her that I think she didn’t realize was there.
生命科学刚刚触动了她的心弦，我想她并没有意识到这一点。
Narrator: Thrilled by the prospect of understanding the natural world she'd been taught to so closely observe, Carson changed her major from English to biology and announced her intention to go on to graduate school.
旁白：卡森被教导要如此仔细地观察自然世界，她对了解自然世界的前景感到兴奋不已，她将专业从英语改为生物学，并宣布打算继续读研究生。
She spent the next two years taking courses in zoology, physiology, anatomy.
接下来的两年里，她学习了动物学、生理学和解剖学课程。
But her true interest only revealed itself after graduation –– when she landed a coveted research spot at the Marine Biology Laboratory in Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, and for the first time in her life laid eyes on the ocean.
但她真正的兴趣直到毕业后才显露出来——当时她在马萨诸塞州伍德霍尔的海洋生物学实验室获得了令人垂涎的研究职位，并有生以来第一次看到了海洋。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She’s moved beyond just the ordinary person would be moved who would have seen the ocean for the first time.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：她的感动超出了第一次看到海洋的普通人的感动。
The sea taught her everything that she later came to want to understand and want the world to understand, that everything was connected to everything else.
大海教会了她一切，让她后来想要理解并希望世界理解，一切都是相互联系的。
William Souder, Biographer: If you study biology and if you look at how all life on earth has evolved, eventually you begin to see everything in totality.
传记作家威廉·苏德：如果你研究生物学，如果你观察地球上所有生命是如何进化的，最终你会开始从整体上看到一切。
You can’t divorce yourself or any other living thing from the environment that we all share.
你不能将自己或任何其他生物与我们共同的环境分开。
And Carson was fascinated by that.
卡森对此很着迷。
Mark Lytle, Historian: It was one of the most liberating, expansive experiences she ever had in her life.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：这是她一生中最自由、最广阔的经历之一。
One of her overriding lessons was that the sea, with all of its massive expanse and its varieties of creatures was beyond the controlling hand of man.
她最重要的教训之一是，海洋广阔无垠，生物种类繁多，超出了人类的控制范围。
Narrator: Had it not been for the Depression –– and her family's dire financial straits –– Carson might have become a marine biologist.
旁白：如果不是大萧条以及她的家庭严重的经济困难，卡森可能会成为一名海洋生物学家。
As it was, she'd barely started her graduate work at Johns Hopkins before her parents, her older sister, and her two nieces came to live with her in Baltimore.
事实上，在她的父母、姐姐和两个侄女来到巴尔的摩与她同住之前，她刚刚在约翰·霍普金斯大学开始研究生工作。
Full-time study gave way to part-time study and part-time work.
全日制学习让位于非全日制学习和兼职工作。
Then, when Carson was 28, her father died suddenly.
然后，当卡森 28 岁时，她的父亲突然去世。
Not long after, her sister died as well, leaving two daughters in Rachel and her mother's care.
不久之后，她的姐姐也去世了，留下两个女儿由雷切尔和她的母亲照顾。
Now the family's sole breadwinner, Carson left Johns Hopkins with her Master's Degree and took a job with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, writing an assortment of publications about the Bureau's marine conservation work.
卡森现在是家里唯一的经济支柱，她在获得硕士学位后离开了约翰·霍普金斯大学，并在美国渔业局找到了一份工作，撰写了一系列有关该局海洋保护工作的出版物。
William Souder, Biographer: As she’s looking over the press releases that she’s writing, she realizes that some of these subjects are kind of interesting and could be turned into feature stories for a local newspaper.
传记作家威廉·苏德：当她查看自己正在撰写的新闻稿时，她意识到其中一些主题很有趣，可以变成当地报纸的专题报道。
So she starts selling stories to the Baltimore Sun that are based on some of the work that she’s seeing being done at the Bureau of Fisheries.
因此，她开始向《巴尔的摩太阳报》出售基于她在渔业局看到的一些工作的故事。
Narrator: From time to time, Carson omitted her first name from her signature, believing certain pieces would have more credibility if they were presumed to have been written by a man.
旁白：卡森有时会在签名中省略她的名字，因为她相信某些文章如果被认为是由男性撰写的话会更可信。
Still, as she later said, "[I]t was a turning point...
尽管如此，正如她后来所说，“这是一个转折点......
I had given up writing forever, I thought.
我想，我已经永远放弃写作了。
It never occurred to me that I was merely getting something to write about."
我从来没有想到我只是为了写一些东西。”
William Souder, Biographer: She has at last found this way to combine her two passions in life.
传记作者威廉·苏德：她终于找到了将生活中的两种激情结合起来的方式。
Biology and writing merge and I think really from that time forward she never thinks of them as being separate things, what she is is someone who writes about science.
生物学和写作融为一体，我认为从那时起，她就不再认为它们是分开的东西，她是一个写科学的人。
Narrator: In 1937, a piece Carson published in The Atlantic came to the attention of Simon & Schuster, which offered her a small advance for a book about the sea.
旁白：1937 年，卡森在《大西洋月刊》上发表的一篇文章引起了西蒙与舒斯特公司的注意，该公司为她提供了一本关于海洋的书的小额预付款。
Hopeful the opportunity would help her make the leap to full-time writer, she poured three years' worth of nights and weekends into the book –– a kind of literary triptych about the lives of three sea creatures.
希望这个机会能帮助她成为一名全职作家，她将三年的夜晚和周末都投入到这本书中——这是一部关于三种海洋生物生活的文学三联画。
Under the Sea Wind earned early critical praise; but the rush to the book store Carson had dreamed of never happened.
《海风之下》一开始就赢得了评论界的好评；但卡森梦想的冲向书店的愿望并没有发生。
William Souder, Biographer: A few weeks after the book is released the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and everybody’s attention shifts from books, certainly from slight books, like a book about creatures that live in the ocean.
传记作家威廉·苏德：这本书出版几周后，日本袭击了珍珠港，每个人的注意力都从书籍上转移，当然是从琐碎的书籍上转移，比如一本关于生活在海洋中的生物的书。
And Under The Sea-Wind just kind of vanishes without a trace, never sells even 2,000 copies.
而《海风之下》就这样消失得无影无踪，连2000本都没卖出去。
Narrator: For Carson, there would be no escape from her day-job.
旁白：对于卡森来说，她无法逃避她的日常工作。
The Bureau of Fisheries by then had merged with another agency to become the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but Carson's position was essentially unchanged.
当时渔业局已与另一个机构合并，成为美国鱼类和野生动物管理局，但卡森的立场基本没有改变。
And though she excelled in it, it was not work that she loved.
尽管她在这方面表现出色，但她并不喜欢这份工作。
By the time the war came to an end, in 1945, she was back to pitching feature stories and frustrated beyond measure.
1945 年战争结束时，她又重新开始撰写专题报道，并感到无比沮丧。
What she was, as a friend put it, was a “would-be writer who could not afford the time for creative work.”
正如一位朋友所说，她是一位“没有时间从事创造性工作的想成为作家的人”。
Linda Lear, Biographer: I don’t think Rachel sees that there’s much alternative.
琳达·李尔，传记作者：我认为雷切尔认为没有太多选择。
She’s got a good job.
她有一份好工作。
She’s got family to support.
她有家人需要支持。
So she’s really stuck.
所以她真的陷入困境了。
William Souder, Biographer: She felt she’d come to an obstacle that didn’t have any easy way around.
传记作者威廉·苏德：她觉得自己遇到了一个没有任何简单方法可以解决的障碍。
Really for the first time in her life I think she really didn’t see the way forward.
我真的有生以来第一次认为她真的看不到前进的方向。
And I think she was in the “now what?” phase for several years.
我认为她正处于“现在怎么办？”的状态。阶段持续数年。
ARCHIVAL [WNYC radio announcer 1]: Headlines in Chemistry!
档案 [WNYC 广播播音员 1]：化学头条新闻！
[WNYC radio]: (music) [WNYC radio announcer 1]: And here is our first headline.
[WNYC 电台]：（音乐）[WNYC 电台播音员 1]：这是我们的第一个标题。
Science can now rid the country of mosquitoes.
科学现在可以消灭这个国家的蚊子。
[WNYC radio announcer 2]: The mosquito is doomed!
[WNYC 广播播音员 2]：蚊子完蛋了！
And so is the bloodthirsty black fly.
嗜血的黑蝇也是如此。
These biting insects can now be completely wiped out by man-made fogs loaded with DDT.
这些叮咬昆虫现在可以被含有滴滴涕的人造雾彻底消灭。
Narrator: Not long after Reader's Digest declined Carson's DDT piece, the "miracle pesticide" was released for civilian use.
旁白：《读者文摘》拒绝了卡森的滴滴涕文章后不久，这种“神奇农药”就被投入民用。
For the first time, the insect-borne scourges that spread disease and ravaged crops seemed subject to man's control.
传播疾病和破坏农作物的虫媒祸害似乎第一次受到了人类的控制。
Mark Lytle, Historian: Most people were inclined to think of humans as the superior, apex species and that the rest of the animal, plant kingdom existed for our convenience, and that man’s function was to dominate and in a sense to bend nature to his purposes.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：大多数人倾向于认为人类是优越的、顶尖的物种，而动物、植物王国的其余部分的存在是为了我们的方便，而人类的功能是主宰，并在某种意义上使自然屈服于他的目的。
And so the ethos of science and technology is that humans could improve on nature.
因此，科学技术的精神是人类可以改善自然。
William Souder, Biographer: DDT was going to end diseases like malaria and typhus.
传记作者 William Souder：滴滴涕将消灭疟疾和斑疹伤寒等疾病。
It was going to greatly increase agriculture output.
这将大大增加农业产量。
DDT was thought to be so important that Paul Müller won the Nobel Prize for discovering DDT.
DDT被认为非常重要，以至于保罗·穆勒因发现DDT而获得了诺贝尔奖。
Narrator: Cheap and long-lasting, DDT was rushed into widespread use practically overnight.
旁白：滴滴涕价格低廉且持久，几乎在一夜之间就被广泛使用。
In the southeastern United States, where malaria was rife, a coalition of state and local health agencies treated some four-and-a-half million homes with DDT.
在疟疾肆虐的美国东南部，州和地方卫生机构组成的联盟用滴滴涕治疗了大约四百五十万户家庭。
By 1951, malaria had been eliminated from the entire country.
到1951年，疟疾已从全国消灭。
The U.
U。
S.
S。
Department of Agriculture meanwhile promoted DDT to farmers and, in conjunction with the military, sold thousands of decommissioned planes as crop dusters –– boosting agricultural yields across the country.
与此同时，农业部向农民推广滴滴涕，并与军方合作，出售了数千架退役飞机作为农作物喷粉机，从而提高了全国的农业产量。
William Souder, Biographer: It’s hard to understand now because it seems instinctive to us.
传记作家威廉·苏德：现在很难理解，因为这对我们来说似乎是本能。
But the idea that a chemical might present a hazard to your health, or to the well being of the natural environment, this was not front-of-mind for anybody at the time.
但当时任何人都不会想到某种化学品可能会对您的健康或自然环境的福祉造成危害。
There was really no rigorous testing of these chemicals to ensure their safety.
实际上没有对这些化学品进行严格的测试来确保其安全性。
There was much greater attention paid to whether they were effective.
人们更加关注它们是否有效。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: Nature was big, and dark, and scary, and dangerous in profound ways through much of human history.
黛博拉·布鲁姆，科学作家：在人类历史的大部分时间里，大自然都是巨大、黑暗、可怕和危险的。
So when people looked at nature they saw that the world would be safer if they could master it.
因此，当人们审视自然时，他们发现，如果他们能够掌控自然，世界就会变得更加安全。
And when you get something that looks like a tool, a “magic bullet," you want the magic bullet.
当你得到一些看起来像工具、“灵丹妙药”的东西时，你就会想要它。
Narrator: Spurred by the success of DDT, chemists soon created a host of new pesticidal compounds –– endrin, dieldrin, toxaphene.
旁白：在滴滴涕成功的刺激下，化学家很快就创造出了一系列新的杀虫化合物——异狄氏剂、狄氏剂、毒杀芬。
Over the decade to come, all would be weapons in the struggle to master nature.
在未来的十年里，一切都将成为征服自然的斗争的武器。
David Kinkela, Historian: So you see an explosion of American science that has the potential to solve the deep-seated problems of famine and disease around the world.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：所以你会看到美国科学的爆炸式增长，有可能解决世界各地根深蒂固的饥荒和疾病问题。
And so there’s this sense of a quest.
所以就有了这种追求的感觉。
We have the tools, we have the technology, we have the know-how and this is our moment.
我们有工具、有技术、有专业知识，现在就是我们的时刻。
Narrator: On an overcast morning in July, 1949, Rachel Carson found herself in a boat off the coast of Miami, staring down into the storm-churned waters of Biscayne Bay.
旁白：1949 年 7 月的一个阴天早晨，雷切尔·卡森 (Rachel Carson) 发现自己在迈阿密海岸附近的一艘船上，凝视着比斯坎湾风暴翻腾的海水。
After five years spent making the best of her job at the Fish and Wildlife Service, she'd begun to toy with the idea of writing another book about the sea –– and this time, she was determined to experience her subject firsthand.
在鱼类和野生动物管理局工作了五年后，她开始考虑再写一本有关海洋的书，而这一次，她决心亲身体验她的主题。
William Souder, Biographer: She probably didn’t let on that she was a very poor swimmer.
威廉·苏德（William Souder），传记作者：她可能没有表现出她是一个非常糟糕的游泳运动员。
She didn’t like boats.
她不喜欢船。
You know, she was happy being in up to about her knees and beyond that she really wasn’t very comfortable.
你知道，她很高兴能穿到膝盖以下，但超过膝盖的地方她真的不太舒服。
But she felt that if she could somehow muster the courage to go under the surface that it would be illuminating and helpful to her in her writing.
但她觉得，如果她能鼓起勇气深入了解表面现象，这将对她的写作有所启发和帮助。
Narrator: From her desk in Maryland, it had seemed critical to her research that she make this dive.
旁白：从她在马里兰州的办公桌上来看，这次潜水似乎对她的研究至关重要。
But now, on the boat, the prospect of simply getting into the water seemed impossibly daunting.
但现在，在船上，仅仅进入水中的前景似乎就令人难以置信。
The diving helmet alone weighed 84 pounds.
仅潜水头盔就重 84 磅。
Carson, at five-feet-four-inches tall, weighed all of 120.
卡森身高 5 英尺 4 英寸，体重为 120。
Trembling, she managed to descend about eight feet, to the bottom of the boat's ladder, staying just long enough to note the presence of seaweed and a few vibrantly colored fish.
她颤抖着下降了大约八英尺，来到了船梯的底部，停留的时间刚好足以注意到海藻和一些色彩鲜艳的鱼的存在。
She never once let go of the ladder's rung.
她从来没有松开过梯子的横档。
William Souder, Biographer: Her facemask kind of clouded up.
传记作者威廉·苏德：她的面罩有点浑浊。
She was breathing heavily.
她呼吸粗重。
She was terrified.
她很害怕。
But she spent a few minutes there and then climbed back up the ladder and, and went home.
但她在那里呆了几分钟，然后爬上梯子，回家了。
Narrator: Carson judged the dive a success, because she'd at least been able to glimpse the ocean's surface from below.
旁白：卡森认为这次潜水很成功，因为她至少能够从下面看到海洋的表面。
But as research, it was largely irrelevant: the new book was to be based not on firsthand observation, but rather on the surfeit of oceanographic studies that lately had been piling up on her desk.
但作为研究，这在很大程度上是无关紧要的：这本新书不是基于第一手观察，而是基于最近堆积在她办公桌上的过多海洋学研究。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: Up until World War II, nobody really worried much about what happened below the waves.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯 (Naomi Oreskes)：在第二次世界大战之前，没有人真正担心海浪下发生的事情。
But in World War II submarine warfare becomes important for the first time, and the only way you can operate in the submarine environment is with a very, very detailed understanding of the ocean.
但在第二次世界大战中，潜艇战首次变得重要，而在潜艇环境中作战的唯一方法就是对海洋有非常非常详细的了解。
And so we start a tremendous amount about the ocean and about the life in the deep ocean that had been quite mysterious before that.
因此，我们开始大量地了解海洋和深海中的生命，而在此之前，它们一直是相当神秘的。
And the idea that there was all this amazing diverse life in the ocean that we didn’t really know about and that is existing as a kind of parallel universe, I think that that really captured her.
海洋中存在着我们并不真正了解的令人惊叹的多样化生命，它们作为一种平行宇宙而存在，我认为这真正吸引了她。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson wanted to be the biographer of the ocean.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：卡森想成为海洋的传记作家。
She wanted certainly to tell about its beauty and about how intricate nature was.
她当然想讲述它的美丽以及大自然的复杂性。
It’s the same question that she approached in Under the Sea-Wind –– only now there was all this information that she could tap.
这和她在《海风之下》中提出的问题是一样的——只是现在她有了可以利用的所有信息。
She had access to confidential information.
她可以接触到机密信息。
She had access to war records.
她可以查阅战争记录。
She had access to submarine research.
她有机会参与潜艇研究。
She was a master synthesizer.
她是一位合成大师。
She could take information from this place and that place and then see how it went together in ways that I don’t think very many people can do.
她可以从这个地方和那个地方获取信息，然后看看它们是如何结合在一起的，我认为很多人都做不到。
William Souder, Biographer: Carson’s technique was to identify the leading experts in the field, ask a few harmless questions about their work, and then once she got her foot in the door with them to expand the questioning so that she could really pick their brains.
传记作者威廉·苏德：卡森的技巧是找出该领域的顶尖专家，询问一些有关他们工作的无害问题，然后一旦她踏入他们的大门，就扩大提问范围，以便她能够真正听取他们的意见。
Narrator: In the evenings, after a full day at the office and dinner with her mother, Carson cloistered herself in her study and worked on her book, sometimes until dawn.
旁白：晚上，在办公室工作了一整天并与母亲共进晚餐后，卡森会躲在书房里写书，有时直到天亮。
Deborah Cramer, Writer: Once you have all these hundreds and hundreds of papers you need to shape them in some kind of narrative, and that requires a very different prose style than what she was reading.
黛博拉·克莱默（Deborah Cramer），作家：一旦你有了成百上千篇论文，你就需要用某种叙事方式来塑造它们，这需要与她正在阅读的内容截然不同的散文风格。
And so when you go about taking that material and, and transforming it but still being true to it, it’s just an extraordinarily difficult thing because when you choose different words to describe it you run the risk of mistranslating what you’re reading.
因此，当你着手获取这些材料并对其进行改造但仍然忠实于它时，这是一件非常困难的事情，因为当你选择不同的词语来描述它时，你就有可能误译你正在阅读的内容。
Linda Lear, Biographer: It was a painstaking process because she was a perfectionist.
琳达·李尔，传记作者：这是一个艰苦的过程，因为她是一个完美主义者。
She had to get the first sentence right before she could go to the second sentence.
她必须先读完第一句话，然后才能讲第二句话。
And then she’d revise.
然后她会修改。
It takes a long time for her to get something that she likes and then in the morning she’s likely to revise it again so things go very slowly.
她需要很长时间才能得到她喜欢的东西，然后早上她可能会再次修改它，所以事情进展得很慢。
Narrator: Determined that this book would not languish as Under the Sea-Wind had, Carson signed on with a literary agent named Marie Rodell, who sold the volume to Oxford Press even before it had a title.
旁白：卡森确信这本书不会像《海风之下》那样销声匿迹，于是与一位名叫玛丽·罗德尔的文学经纪人签约，后者甚至在书名问世之前就把这本书卖给了牛津出版社。
"Current suggestions from irreverent friends and relatives,” Carson joked, “include ‘Out of My Depth’ and ‘Carson at Sea.’" By the spring of 1950, the manuscript, now bearing the title The Sea Around Us , was nearly finished.
“目前来自不敬的朋友和亲戚的建议，”卡森开玩笑说，“包括《超出我的深度》和《卡森在海上》。”到 1950 年春天，这份手稿（现在的标题是《我们周围的海洋》）即将完成。
Hoping to foster advance interest in its publication, Rodell began shopping excerpts to magazines.
为了激发人们对其出版物的兴趣，罗德尔开始购买杂志的摘录。
Fifteen turned the material down before it finally made its way to William Shawn, editor of The New Yorker , who offered to publish ten of the book's chapters.
十五人拒绝了这份材料，最终将其交给了《纽约客》的编辑威廉·肖恩，后者提出出版该书的十个章节。
William Souder, Biographer: This is the turning point in Carson’s career.
传记作家威廉·苏德：这是卡森职业生涯的转折点。
The New Yorker is a very prestigious, widely read, widely respected magazine and so to be serialized in The New Yorker , to have your work preview there ahead of its publication as a book is almost a guarantee of success.
《纽约客》是一本非常有声望、被广泛阅读、广受尊重的杂志，因此在《纽约客》上连载，在其出版之前先在《纽约客》上预览你的作品几乎是成功的保证。
Narrator: Carson would clear more from The New Yorker serialization than she did from an entire year at Fish and Wildlife Service.
旁白：卡森从《纽约客》连载中得到的收获，比她在鱼类和野生动物管理局工作一整年得到的收获还要多。
"I am still in a daze...," she cabled Rodell, "all I know is how lucky I am to have you." By the time Carson's book went to print in the spring of 1951, the world seemed to be cleaving in two.
“我仍然在发呆……”她给罗德尔发了电报，“我只知道拥有你是我多么幸运。”当卡森的书于 1951 年春天付印时，世界似乎一分为二。
The Soviet Union had shaken Americans' sense of security with the successful test of an atomic bomb.
苏联原子弹试验的成功动摇了美国人的安全感。
Communist forces had triumphed in China.
共产党军队在中国取得了胜利。
Now, there was a pervasive feeling that the struggle to stem the Red Tide would be unremitting.
现在，人们普遍感到，遏制赤潮的斗争将会坚持不懈。
Archival VO: From the White House in Washington D.C., President Harry S.
档案画外音：哈里·S·总统 (Harry S.
Truman.
杜鲁门。
My fellow Americans, I want to talk to you plainly tonight about what we are doing in Korea and about our policy in the Far East.
我的美国同胞们，今晚我想和你们坦白地谈谈我们在朝鲜所做的事情以及我们在远东的政策。
In the simplest terms, what we are doing today in Korea is this: we are trying to prevent a third world war.
简而言之，我们今天在韩国所做的就是：我们正在努力防止第三次世界大战。
Narrator: Against the backdrop of war –– both hot and cold –– Carson worried that her second book would founder like the first.
旁白：在战争的背景下——无论是炎热还是寒冷——卡森担心她的第二本书会像第一本书一样失败。
But thanks to the The New Yorker serialization, readers snapped it up all across the country –– and found in its pages an antidote to anxiety.
但多亏了《纽约客》的连载，全国各地的读者都抢购了这本书，并在其中找到了缓解焦虑的良药。
Voice: [Carson]: The whole world ocean extends over about three-fourths of the surface of the globe.
声音：[卡森]：整个世界的海洋覆盖了地球表面约四分之三的面积。
If we subtract the shallow areas of the continental shelves and the scattered banks and shoals, where at least the pale ghost of sunlight moves over the underlying bottom, there still remains about half the earth that is covered by miles-deep, lightless water, that has been dark since the world began.
如果我们减去大陆架的浅水区域以及分散的河岸和浅滩（至少阳光的苍白幽灵在底层底部移动），那么地球上仍然有大约一半被数英里深、无光的水覆盖，自世界诞生以来一直是黑暗的。
Narrator: Drawing upon all that was then known about the ocean, Carson told the story of its life over the eons –– and revealed a natural realm largely indifferent to the rhythms of man.
旁白：卡森利用当时对海洋的了解，讲述了海洋亿万年的生命故事，并揭示了一个对人类节奏基本上漠不关心的自然领域。
William Souder, Biographer: It’s a book that is jammed with news from the natural world, It's about currents, about the propagation of waves, about storm systems, about the ocean’s relationship to climate.
传记作家威廉·苏德：这本书充满了来自自然界的新闻，关于洋流、关于波浪的传播、关于风暴系统、关于海洋与气候的关系。
You have to remember that this is all new.
你必须记住，这都是新的。
Nobody knows what the ocean is like.
没有人知道海洋是什么样子。
So there’s a lot of really compelling information that transcends that term.
因此，有很多真正令人信服的信息超越了这个术语。
It’s not just information.
这不仅仅是信息。
It’s revelation.
这是启示。
It’s this immersive experience.
这就是这种身临其境的体验。
Narrator: "It is a work of science," one critic raved, "it is stamped with authority.
旁白：“这是一部科学著作，”一位评论家赞叹道，“它带有权威的印记。
It is a work of art: it is saturated with the excitement of mystery.
它是一件艺术品：它充满了神秘的兴奋。
It is literature."
这是文学。”
Deborah Cramer, Writer: What she has done is to take a very complicated subject and distill it into its essence, and bring the reader right there.
黛博拉·克莱默（Deborah Cramer），作家：她所做的就是将一个非常复杂的主题提炼成其本质，然后将读者带到那里。
So science, which can be extraordinarily impersonal and dry has suddenly become immediate and very important.
因此，原本极其客观、枯燥的科学突然变得直接且非常重要。
Narrator: Three weeks after it appeared in bookstores, The Sea Around Us made the New York Times bestseller list.
旁白：《我们周围的海》在书店上市三周后，就登上了《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜。
Amid the near-universal praise for the book, there occasionally emerged a distorted portrait of Carson –– as a working scientist with rare literary gifts, or as an experienced diver who'd come to know her subject at a depth of a hundred feet.
在这本书几乎受到普遍好评的同时，偶尔也会出现对卡森的扭曲描述——作为一名具有罕见文学天赋的在职科学家，或者作为一名在一百英尺深处了解她的主题的经验丰富的潜水员。
Thrilled about the book's success but dismayed at the attention focused on its author, Carson did nothing to correct the misconceptions.
卡森对这本书的成功感到兴奋，但对作者的关注感到沮丧，他没有采取任何措施来纠正这些误解。
William Souder, Biographer: Critic after critic would remark in some way, either offhandedly or directly, how amazing it was that a woman understood these technical matters and wrote so beautifully about them, particularly because the ocean was such a hostile place, where you know presumably only men could go.
威廉·苏德，传记作家：一个又一个的评论家会以某种方式，即兴或直接地评论说，一个女人理解这些技术问题并把它们写得如此美丽，这是多么令人惊奇，特别是因为海洋是一个充满敌意的地方，你知道大概只有男人可以去那里。
So Carson had to endure that.
所以卡森不得不忍受这一点。
And so I think letting this fiction stand was her little way of kind of getting even with the people that kind of doubted her or doubted her gender.
所以我认为让这个虚构的故事成立是她报复那些怀疑她或怀疑她性别的人的小方法。
I think it amused her.
我想这让她觉得很有趣。
Narrator: By early September, The Sea Around Us had reached number one on the bestseller list.
旁白：到九月初，《我们周围的海》已登上畅销书排行榜第一名。
There it would remain for an astonishing thirty-two weeks.
它在那里停留了惊人的三十二周。
When it at last dropped a notch, it was joined on the list by a reissue of Carson's first book, in what the New York Times called a “publishing phenomenon as rare as a total solar eclipse.”
当它最终下降一个档次时，卡森第一本书的重新发行也加入了榜单，《纽约时报》称其为“像日全食一样罕见的出版现象”。
At 44, Rachel Carson –– the one-time "would-be writer" –– had two of the country's non-fiction bestsellers.
44 岁时，曾经的“未来作家”雷切尔·卡森 (Rachel Carson) 出版了两本全国非小说类畅销书。
Mark Lytle, Historian: The Sea Around Us was one of the best selling science books of all time.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：《我们周围的海洋》是有史以来最畅销的科学书籍之一。
It sold almost two million copies in its initial publication.
它在最初出版时就售出了近两百万册。
It was also translated into I think 30 foreign languages so it was an international best seller, and it won the National Book Award.
它还被翻译成我想30种外语，因此成为国际畅销书，并获得了国家图书奖。
So it really made her a public figure with a very large following.
所以这确实让她成为了拥有大量追随者的公众人物。
Narrator: “We have been troubled about the world, and had almost lost faith in man," one reader wrote Carson.
旁白：“我们一直为这个世界所困扰，几乎对人类失去了信心，”一位读者给卡森写道。
"[It] helps to think about the long history of the earth, and of how life came to be.
“[它]有助于思考地球的悠久历史以及生命是如何形成的。
When we think in terms of millions of years, we are not so impatient that our own problems be solved tomorrow.”
当我们以数百万年的时间来思考时，我们不会那么急于明天解决我们自己的问题。”
Archival: You have a grandstand seat here for one of the most momentous events in the history of science.
档案：您在这里有一个看台座位，观看科学史上最重大的事件之一。
This is the first full-scale test of a hydrogen device.
这是氢装置的首次全面测试。
If the reaction goes, we're in the thermonuclear era.
如果反应进行，我们就进入了热核时代。
(voice on loudspeaker) It is now thirty seconds to zero time.
（扬声器中的声音）现在距离零时还有三十秒。
Put on goggles or turn away.
戴上护目镜或转身离开。
5 - 4 - 3 -2 -1.
5 - 4 - 3 -2 -1。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson was always aware, I think, from especially her time in government that some people looked at science as discovering something beautiful and new, and some people looked at science as discovering ways in which to wage war, to destroy things not to create things, that by the time of the Cold War there are really two sciences going on in the United States.
传记作者琳达·李尔：我认为，卡森一直意识到，尤其是从她在政府任职以来，有些人将科学视为发现美丽而新的东西，而有些人则将科学视为发现发动战争、摧毁事物而不是创造事物的方法，到冷战时期，美国实际上正在发生两种科学。
Narrator: World War Two had raised the profile of American science.
旁白：第二次世界大战提高了美国科学的形象。
Now, the Cold War made it soar.
现在，冷战让它飙升。
David Kinkela, Historian: The atom was used in a very destructive way but it also suggested in many ways that science was at the forefront of something grand.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉（David Kinkela）：原子的使用方式极具破坏性，但它也从很多方面表明科学处于伟大事物的最前沿。
This is the way in which we will solve the problems of the world.
这就是我们解决世界问题的方式。
Narrator: The laboratory was no longer merely the source of the nation's military might.
旁白：实验室不再仅仅是国家军事力量的源泉。
It was also, ever increasingly, a font of ingenious chemical tools that gave mankind an edge against its enemies in the natural world.
它也越来越成为一种巧妙的化学工具，使人类在对抗自然世界的敌人时具有优势。
David Kinkela, Historian: For any sort of question that deals with nature, what is emerging in the post-war period, is that chemicals will solve the problem, right.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：对于任何涉及自然的问题，战后时期出现的情况是化学物质将解决问题，对吧。
So if your question is about crop production, more chemicals.
因此，如果您的问题是关于农作物生产，那么更多的化学品。
If your question is about public health, more chemicals.
如果您的问题与公共卫生有关，请了解更多化学品。
If your question is about, “How do I protect my home from these unwanted pests?” More chemicals.
如果您的问题是：“我如何保护我的家免受这些有害害虫的侵害？”更多化学品。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: People are worshiping at the altar of science and technology because finally it’s making us the human masters of the planet and we’re taking this incredibly dangerous, un-nurturing landscape and it is now under our control.
黛博拉·布鲁姆，科学作家：人们崇拜科学技术的祭坛，因为它最终使我们成为地球的人类主人，我们正在占领这片极其危险、缺乏培育的土地，它现在处于我们的控制之下。
Science is rewriting the way we live on earth.
科学正在改写我们在地球上的生活方式。
And so there was very little questioning.
因此，很少有人提出质疑。
Narrator: Rachel Carson was less sure.
旁白：雷切尔·卡森不太确定。
To her, there seemed something dangerous about a world in which human ingenuity knew no limits.
对她来说，人类的聪明才智没有极限的世界似乎有些危险。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She sees human beings in their post-World War II form as being arrogant, that human arrogance out runs human wisdom and we ought to try to put them back together as equals again.
传记作者琳达·李尔：她认为二战后的人类是傲慢的，人类的傲慢超越了人类的智慧，我们应该努力让他们再次平等地团结起来。
Narrator: When the demands of promoting The Sea Around Us threatened to overwhelm her, Carson escaped to Maine, to a remote stretch of the central coast where slivers of land reach out into the ocean and the tides rise higher than anywhere along the Atlantic seaboard.
旁白：当宣传《我们周围的海洋》的需求威胁到她时，卡森逃到了缅因州，那里是中央海岸的一个偏远地区，那里的土地延伸到海洋，潮汐比大西洋沿岸的任何地方都高。
A research trip had first brought her to the area some years before, and it had since been her ambition, as she'd put it to a friend, "to be able to buy a place here and then manage to spend a great deal of time in it...".
几年前，一次研究旅行首次将她带到了该地区，正如她对一位朋友所说的那样，从那时起，她的抱负就是“能够在这里购买一处房产，然后设法在那里度过大量时间……”。
Now, flush from the sales of two best-selling books, she purchased a plot on Southport Island and built a summer cottage of her own.
现在，由于两本畅销书的销售而赚得盆满钵满，她在南港岛购买了一块地，并建造了自己的避暑别墅。
William Souder, Biographer: At the edge of her property, there’s this large area of rocky shelf tableland that at high tide is under the water but at low tide is exposed.
传记作家威廉·苏德：在她的地产边缘，有一大片岩石架台，涨潮时位于水下，但退潮时则暴露在外。
And so this exposes all the crevices, and nooks, and tidal pools where starfish, and periwinkles, and sea anemones live.
因此，这暴露了海星、长春花和海葵生活的所有裂缝、角落和潮汐池。
All these creatures of this intertidal zone that so fascinated Carson and always had, that’s all available to her right there.
这个潮间带的所有这些生物让卡森如此着迷，并且一直对她着迷，而这些生物都在那里可供她使用。
Robert K.
罗伯特·K.
Musil, Environmental Scientist: She identifies with the creatures who live on the edge, this borderland between the power of water that could also crush you, and its ability to release life and to create new life.
穆齐尔，环境科学家：她认同生活在边缘的生物，这种边缘是水的力量（也可能压垮你）与它释放生命和创造新生命的能力之间的边界。
Rachel wanted to be still, to feel and to imagine and this was the place that would allow her to do that.
雷切尔想要安静下来，去感受和想象，而这里正是让她能够做到这一点的地方。
Narrator: Before her house was even habitable, Carson received a letter from a Mrs. Dorothy Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter, whose family owned a cottage a half-mile up the shoreline from Carson's property.
旁白：在她的房子可以居住之前，卡森收到了一封来自多萝西·玛莎·弗里曼夫人（多萝西·弗里曼的孙女）的来信，她的家人在距离卡森的财产海岸线半英里处拥有一间小屋。
Dorothy's husband, Stanley, had been given a copy of The Sea Around Us for his birthday.
多萝西的丈夫斯坦利收到了一本《我们周围的海洋》作为生日礼物。
Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter: My grandparents had read it out loud to each other sailing or on the porch of their cottage and had adored it.
玛莎·弗里曼，多萝西·弗里曼的孙女：我的祖父母在航行时或在小屋的门廊上互相大声朗读这本书，并且非常喜欢它。
It really spoke to a lot of what they cared about in life.
这确实说明了他们生活中关心的很多事情。
And my grandmother read about Rachel coming in the local newspaper and sent her a little welcoming note in 1952, and she got a note back.
1952 年，我的祖母在当地报纸上读到了雷切尔即将到来的消息，并给她寄了一张欢迎信，她收到了回信。
Narrator: Despite all the attention that recently had been showered upon her –– requests for interviews, speaking invitations, mountains of fan mail –– Carson felt isolated and more than usually burdened by her family.
旁白：尽管最近她受到了很多关注——采访请求、演讲邀请、堆积如山的粉丝来信——卡森还是感到孤立，比平时更承受着家庭的负担。
Maria Carson, as she aged, had grown demanding and jealous of Rachel's time and attention.
随着玛丽亚·卡森年龄的增长，她对雷切尔的时间和关注变得要求和嫉妒。
And then, there was niece Marjorie, who had taken up with a married man and become pregnant.
然后，侄女玛乔丽与一个已婚男人发生关系并怀孕了。
Mark Lytle, Historian: Carson and her mother arranged to have the young woman admitted to a special home where she had the baby and kept it out of the public eye, and sort of protected her from the rumor mill and what not.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：卡森和她的母亲安排让这位年轻女子住进一个特殊的家庭，在那里她生下了孩子，并让她远离公众的视线，并在某种程度上保护她免受谣言之类的影响。
Carson once wrote, she said, “If ever I was bitter about anything I was bitter about that." The problems with her niece really detracted from the joy and the wonderful sense of success she felt for The Sea Around Us .
卡森曾经写道，她说：“如果我曾经对任何事情感到痛苦的话，我就是对那件事感到痛苦。”她侄女的问题确实削弱了她对《我们周围的海洋》的喜悦和美妙的成功感。
Narrator: Having finally resigned her position at the Fish and Wildlife Service to dedicate herself to writing, Carson lacked even the companionship of colleagues.
旁白：卡森最终辞去了鱼类和野生动物管理局的职务，全身心投入写作，甚至缺乏同事的陪伴。
The friendship that bloomed with the Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughters was a revelation to her.
与多萝西·弗里曼的孙女玛莎·弗里曼的友谊对她来说是一种启示。
The couple shared her love for nature and the sea, and enthusiastically joined in her tide pool explorations –– Dorothy marveling at the unseen life that teemed at the shoreline, while Stanley took photographs.
这对夫妇分享了她对自然和海洋的热爱，并热情地加入了她的潮汐池探索——多萝西对海岸线上丰富的看不见的生物感到惊叹，而斯坦利则拍照。
But of the two, it was Dorothy to whom Carson felt most drawn.
但在这两个人中，卡森最感兴趣的是多萝西。
Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter: I think Rachel had the same experience in a way that I had with my grandmother in that she was just so present, so much herself, so comfortable in herself that she was really open to seeing who you were, listening.
玛莎·弗里曼，多萝西·弗里曼的孙女：我认为雷切尔和我的祖母有同样的经历，因为她是如此的在场，如此的自我，如此的自在，以至于她真的很愿意看到你是谁，倾听。
You totally felt heard and understood.
你完全感觉到被倾听和理解。
I did anyway and I believe Rachel did.
不管怎样我还是这么做了，我相信雷切尔也这么做了。
She was just a very comfortable person to be with, a really wonderful friend to have.
她是一个非常令人舒服的人，一个非常好的朋友。
William Souder, Biographer: Dorothy Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter and Rachel Carson had, almost from the beginning, this deep, deep, emotional connection that they would later describe as the ability to know exactly what the other one was thinking about everything, to feel as though they were inside the other person’s head at all times.
传记作者威廉·苏德：多萝西·玛莎·弗里曼（Dorothy Martha Freeman），多萝西·弗里曼的孙女，和雷切尔·卡森（Rachel Carson）几乎从一开始就拥有这种深厚的情感联系，他们后来将这种联系描述为能够准确地知道对方在想什么，感觉自己始终在对方的头脑中。
Everything they each loved about the world hit them in the same way.
他们所热爱的世界上的一切都以同样的方式打击着他们。
Narrator: Dorothy was 55, the mother of a grown son, a new grandmother, a devoted homemaker and wife.
旁白：多萝西 55 岁，是一个已成年儿子的母亲、一位新祖母、一位忠诚的家庭主妇和妻子。
Now –– as the summer turned to fall and Southport was abandoned for the season –– she became the confidante that Carson, at 46, had never had.
现在，随着夏秋交替，绍斯波特赛季被放弃，她成为了 46 岁的卡森从未有过的红颜知己。
Voice [Carson]: Darling [Dorothy,] ...I don't suppose anyone really knows how a creative writer works...or what sort of nourishment his spirit must have...
声音[卡森]：亲爱的[多萝西，]……我想没有人真正知道一个富有创造力的作家是如何工作的……或者他的精神必须得到什么样的滋养……
All I am certain of is this; that it is quite necessary for me to know that there is someone who is deeply devoted to me as a person, and who also has the capacity and the depth of understanding to share, vicariously, the sometimes crushing burden of creative effort...
我唯一确定的就是这一点；我非常有必要知道，有一个人深深地爱着我，并且有能力和深度的理解来分担有时创造性工作的沉重负担……
Last summer I was feeling, as never before, that there was no one who combined all of that...
去年夏天，我从未有过这样的感觉：没有人能将这一切结合起来……
And then, my dear one, you came into my life!
然后，亲爱的，你走进了我的生活！
William Souder, Biographer: They started writing letters to each other, and the letters became more and more frequent and they very quickly escalated to include a level of personal affection that was surprising to everyone except to them.
传记作家威廉·苏德：他们开始互相写信，信件变得越来越频繁，而且很快就升级到了个人感情的程度，这让除了他们之外的所有人都感到惊讶。
Before they ever see each other in person again they’ve declared their love for each other.
在他们再次见面之前，他们已经表达了对彼此的爱。
Carson never really had any relationships.
卡森从未真正建立过任何关系。
She never dated.
她从未约会过。
I think she knew that Dorothy was the one person who really was the one person, the soul mate.
我想她知道多萝西是唯一一个真正的人，灵魂伴侣。
And the beauty is that Dorothy feels the same thing in her way, to the extent that she can.
美妙之处在于，多萝西以她的方式尽可能地感受到同样的事情。
Narrator: In phone calls and occasional visits –– and in letter after letter –– Carson poured out to Dorothy the challenges of completing her third book, an Atlantic shore guide she'd agreed to write for Houghton Mifflin even before The Sea Around Us had been published.
旁白：通过电话和偶尔的拜访——以及一封又一封的信——卡森向多萝西倾诉了完成她的第三本书的挑战，这是一本大西洋海岸指南，她甚至在《我们周围的海洋》出版之前就同意为霍顿·米夫林撰写。
Freed at last to do nothing but write, Carson found the task nearly impossible.
卡森终于解放了，除了写作什么都不做，他发现这项任务几乎是不可能完成的。
Again and again, her approach to the guide changed.
她对指南的态度一次又一次地改变。
Entire chapters were laboriously revised.
整个章节都经过了艰苦的修改。
And what was meant to be a two-year project soon stretched into four.
原本为期两年的项目很快就延长为四年。
Voice [Carson]: Maybe the easiest way for me to write a chapter...would be to type "Dear Dorothy" on the first page!
声音[卡森]：也许对我来说写一章最简单的方法......就是在第一页上输入“亲爱的多萝西”！
As a matter of fact, you and your particular kind of interest and appreciation were in my mind a great deal when I was rewriting parts of the section on rocky shores...
事实上，当我重写关于岩石海岸的部分内容时，你和你的特殊兴趣和欣赏在我脑海中留下了深刻的印象......
William Souder, Biographer: Once they’re together, and they’re rarely physically together, they’re almost always in different places writing letters to each other, once they’re together, they’re never apart.
传记作家威廉·苏德：一旦他们在一起，他们很少在一起，他们几乎总是在不同的地方互相写信，一旦他们在一起，他们就永远不会分开。
There’s never any question between them.
他们之间从来没有任何问题。
Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter: There's a huge amount of affection.
玛莎·弗里曼，多萝西·弗里曼的孙女：有巨大的感情。
I mean it is love, it's the love of kindred spirits.
我的意思是，这就是爱，是志趣相投的人的爱。
They wrote to each other three, four, five times a week.
他们每周给对方写三、四、五次信。
So their relationship was always this caring at a distance.
所以他们的关系总是那么疏远。
They knew each other for about 12 years and I think I added it up at one point that they were probably in each other’s presence for at most 60 days.
他们认识了大约 12 年，我想我有一次加起来，他们在一起的时间最多可能是 60 天。
Narrator: When The Edge of the Sea , the widely-acclaimed third volume in Carson's marine trilogy, finally hit bookstores in the summer of 1955, it would be dedicated not to her mother, as The Sea Around Us had been, but to Dorothy and Stanley Freeman.
旁白：当卡森海洋三部曲中广受好评的第三卷《海洋边缘》最终于 1955 年夏天上市时，这本书不是像《我们周围的海洋》那样献给她的母亲，而是献给多萝西和斯坦利·弗里曼。
Archival: Let's face it: the threat of hydrogen bomb warfare is the greatest threat our nation has ever known.
档案：让我们面对现实：氢弹战争的威胁是我们国家所知道的最大威胁。
Enemy jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons can sweep over a variety of routes and drop bombs on any important target in the United States.
携带核武器的敌方喷气式轰炸机可以横扫多条航线，向美国任何重要目标投掷炸弹。
The threat of this destruction has effected our way of life in every city, town, and village from coast to coast.
这种破坏的威胁已经影响了我们从东海岸到西海岸的每个城市、城镇和村庄的生活方式。
These are the signs of the times.
这些都是时代的标志。
David Kinkela, Historian: You can imagine what it might be like to be thinking and hearing almost all the time that you could die at any moment, right, and that the Soviet Union will attack.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：你可以想象几乎一直在思考和听到你可能随时死亡，苏联将会进攻，这会是什么样子。
There’s gonna be no warning, and the only way that you could protect yourselves is to duck and cover yourselves with whatever you have around you.
不会有任何警告，保护自己的唯一方法就是躲避并用周围的任何东西掩护自己。
The threat was incredibly palpable.
这种威胁是极其明显的。
Narrator: More and more, when Rachel Carson raised her eyes to take in the man-made world around her, what she felt was a quiet rage.The Cold War had become a macabre game of one-upsmanship, a high-stakes standoff fueled by the threat of nuclear destruction.
旁白：当雷切尔·卡森抬起头来审视周围的人造世界时，她越来越感到一种无声的愤怒。冷战已经成为一场可怕的胜者游戏，核毁灭威胁加剧了一场高风险的对峙。
Then, on March 1st, 1954, the United States pressed for the lead –– with the test of a dry fuel hydrogen bomb, code-named "Shrimp."
随后，1954 年 3 月 1 日，美国进行了代号“虾”的干燃料氢弹试验，力争领先。
William Souder, Biographer: Everything goes right with this test, except the things that go wrong, and the things that go wrong are really big problems.
William Souder，传记作者：这次测试一切顺利，除了出错的地方，而出错的地方确实是大问题。
The explosion was much more powerful than the scientists had predicted –– about two and a half times more powerful than it was supposed to be; largest explosion that had ever occurred on the face of the earth that wasn’t a volcano.
爆炸的威力比科学家们预测的要强大得多——大约是预期威力的两倍半；地球表面发生过的最大规模的非火山爆炸。
Narrator: Radioactive fallout scattered over more than five thousand square miles and then drifted downward, settling on open ocean, inhabited islands, and a hapless Japanese fishing boat, named Lucky Dragon Number 5.
旁白：放射性尘埃散布在五千多平方英里的范围内，然后向下漂流，落在公海、有人居住的岛屿上，以及一艘倒霉的日本渔船，名为“福龙五号”。
William Souder, Biographer: This gray, snow-like ash begins to fall out of the sky and it coats the ship from, from stem to stern.
传记作者威廉·苏德：这种灰色的、雪状的火山灰开始从天而降，从头到尾覆盖着船。
It gets on every surface.
它会渗透到每个表面。
It coats the men.
它给男人披上外衣。
It gets in their eyes.
它进入了他们的眼睛。
They’re tasting it to see if they can figure out what it is.
他们正在品尝它，看看是否能弄清楚它是什么。
That becomes apparent within a couple of days because very soon everybody on the ship is sick.
这种情况在几天内就会变得明显，因为很快船上的每个人都生病了。
Narrator: By the time the Lucky Dragon returned to port, everyone on board had succumbed to radiation poisoning –– their skin blackened, their hair falling out in clumps.
旁白：当福龙号回港时，船上的人都已经死于辐射中毒，皮肤变黑，头发成团脱落。
Their ordeal made headlines all over the world.
他们的苦难成为世界各地的头条新闻。
William Souder, Biographer: For the first time people realized that the real danger in a nuclear war was not the explosions themselves but the fallout, this total contamination of the earth that had the potential to wipe out every living organism on the face of the earth.
传记作家威廉·苏德：人们第一次意识到，核战争的真正危险不是爆炸本身，而是其后果，这种对地球的全面污染有可能消灭地球表面的每一个生物体。
Narrator: The Atomic Energy Commission and other government agencies now issued a flurry of reassurances that atmospheric testing was safe, and that fallout constituted no appreciable danger outside of the test zone.
旁白：原子能委员会和其他政府机构现在发布了一系列保证，称大气层测试是安全的，并且沉降物在测试区之外不会构成明显的危险。
Archival: The atomic cloud, like a giant vacuum cleaner, has sucked up dirt and debris from the earth and is full of radioactive particles.
档案：原子云就像一个巨大的吸尘器，吸走了地球上的污垢和碎片，并且充满了放射性粒子。
Is it dangerous?
危险吗？
Yes, right now it is.
是的，现在是这样。
You wouldn't want to go into it; but neither would you deliberately walk into a blazing fire.
你不会想深入其中；但你也不会故意走进熊熊的大火。
You have to use common sense...
你必须运用常识...
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: It’s really easy for us to look back at something like above ground nuclear testing and think, “Well, that was a primitive moment,” But people had just suffered through a really terrible war.
黛博拉·布鲁姆，科学作家：我们很容易回顾地面核试验之类的事情并思考，“嗯，那是一个原始的时刻”，但人们刚刚经历了一场非常可怕的战争。
Tens, and tens, and tens of thousands of young Americans had died abroad.
成千上万的美国年轻人在国外丧生。
And so you can also say to yourself, as they did “We have to have the weapon that ends all wars.” Right?
因此，你也可以像他们一样对自己说：“我们必须拥有结束所有战争的武器。”正确的？
And if there’s some sacrifice involved well, you know, that’s for the greater good.”
如果有一些牺牲，你知道，那是为了更大的利益。”
David Kinkela, Historian: People were not dying because of nuclear tests.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：人们并没有因为核试验而死亡。
And that is tied to the question of how people understood harm.
这与人们如何理解伤害的问题有关。
And throughout much of the 20th century and into the early 1950's, it was really about sort of the question of does this kill you?
在 20 世纪的大部分时间里，一直到 20 世纪 50 年代初，人们真正关心的问题是，这会杀死你吗？
Very simple.
很简单。
Is it acutely toxic?
是否有剧毒？
And if so how much can a human body withstand before it kills somebody?
如果是的话，人体在杀死某人之前可以承受多少强度？
Narrator: Carson framed the question differently –– and her doubts about the vector of modern technological science now began to harden into a certainty.
旁白：卡森以不同的方式提出了这个问题——她对现代技术科学载体的怀疑现在开始变得确定无疑。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Now she has to come to grips with the fact that humans can destroy nature.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：现在她必须正视人类可以破坏自然的事实。
So her mission, if you will, is to show the world what a perfect thing the natural systems are and how easily the hand of man can muck it up.
所以，如果你愿意的话，她的使命是向世界展示自然系统是多么完美，以及人类的手是多么容易把它搞砸。
And that becomes a theme in everything that she starts to write.
这成为她开始写的所有作品的主题。
It’s the undercurrent.
这是暗流。
Narrator: By the close of 1954, Carson had a title in mind –– Remembrance of Earth –– and a vague idea for a book that would illuminate the relation of life to its environment.
旁白：到 1954 年底，卡森心中有了一个书名——《地球的记忆》——以及一个模糊的想法，想写一本书来阐明生命与其环境的关系。
But months gave way to years, and she made no progress with it.
但几个月过去了，几年过去了，她没有取得任何进展。
Then in early January, 1957, her niece Marjorie contracted a pneumonia so severe she had to be hospitalized.
1957 年 1 月初，她的侄女马乔里感染了肺炎，病情严重，不得不住院治疗。
Two weeks later, Marjie was dead and her five-year-old son Roger became Carson's responsibility.
两周后，玛吉去世了，她五岁的儿子罗杰成了卡森的责任。
Roger Christie, Adopted Son: Rachel kind of had a hard life that way.
罗杰·克里斯蒂（Roger Christie），养子：雷切尔（Rachel）的生活有点艰难。
You know, first she had to raise my mother and my mother’s sister because their parents died when they were very young, and then the same thing repeated itself just when she was getting out from under it.
你知道，首先她必须抚养我的母亲和我母亲的妹妹，因为他们的父母在他们很小的时候就去世了，然后当她摆脱困境时，同样的事情又重演了。
She was very considerate of my feelings all the time, sometimes to the detriment of her own work.
她一直非常考虑我的感受，有时甚至会损害她自己的工作。
Narrator: In the spring, on the heels of her 50th birthday, Carson legally became Roger's adoptive mother, and tried to resign herself to her changed circumstances.
旁白：今年春天，卡森刚过完 50 岁生日，就合法地成为了罗杰的养母，并试图接受自己已经改变的环境。
But as she confessed to Dorothy, she could not entirely keep herself from feeling a dark resentment.
但当她向多萝西坦白时，她无法完全不感到一种阴暗的怨恨。
She was all but convinced she'd never again have the time to write.
她几乎确信自己再也没有时间写作了。
Then friends told her about a U.S. Department of Agriculture program to eradicate the fire ant –– and more than a decade after she'd proposed the piece about DDT to Reader's Digest , pesticides came roaring back into her consciousness.
然后朋友们告诉她美国农业部有一项消灭火蚁的计划——在她向读者文摘提出有关滴滴涕的文章十多年后，杀虫剂又重新回到了她的意识中。
Archival: The fire ant is believed to have entered this country from South America in 1925.
档案：火蚁据信于 1925 年从南美洲进入这个国家。
The destructive insect has brought heavy losses to crops in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.
这种破坏性昆虫给阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和路易斯安那州的农作物带来了严重损失。
Once they swarm across a field like this, nothing survives.
一旦它们蜂拥而过，就没有什么能幸存。
Mark Lytle, Historian: The fire ant was the perfect invasive species for the Cold War era.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：火蚁是冷战时期完美的入侵物种。
They were red, they snuck into country, they were subversive, and they were mostly annoying.
他们是红色的，他们潜入乡村，他们具有颠覆性，而且大多令人讨厌。
For some reason the Department of Agriculture got it in their head that, scientists there, that this would be a perfect demonstration of the power of pesticides to solve a nagging problem.
出于某种原因，农业部的科学家们认为，这将是农药解决棘手问题的力量的完美展示。
Narrator: The enthusiasm for DDT and other synthetic pesticides had given way to the conviction that science could do far more than control insects and other unwanted pests.
旁白：人们对滴滴涕和其他合成杀虫剂的热情已经让位给了这样的信念：科学的作用远远不止控制昆虫和其他害虫。
The objective now was eradication.
现在的目标是根除。
David Kinkela, Historian: It meant extermination, extermination of the species.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉（David Kinkela）：这意味着灭绝，物种的灭绝。
So in 1955, you see the advent of the World Health Organization’s Malaria Eradication Program which was in many ways designed to exterminate not the problem of malaria but the problem of mosquitos.
因此，1955 年，世界卫生组织推出了根除疟疾计划，该计划在很多方面旨在消灭蚊子问题，而不是疟疾问题。
The Fire Ant Eradication Program was the same idea.
火蚁根除计划也是同样的想法。
Scientists are convinced that this is the right way to go.
科学家们确信这是正确的道路。
And if we fail then we’re gonna fail humanity.
如果我们失败了，我们就会辜负人类。
It becomes this all or nothing equation.
它变成了全有或全无的等式。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: And so what we see in the 1950’s is tremendous amounts of money going into studying pest killing, not so much money going into studying broader questions of wildlife biology, broader questions of environmental health, broader questions of environmental toxicity.
Naomi Oreskes，历史学家：所以我们在 1950 年代看到的是大量资金投入研究害虫消灭，而不是那么多资金投入研究更广泛的野生动物生物学问题、更广泛的环境健康问题、更广泛的环境毒性问题。
Mark Lytle, Historian: The people involved, the scientists and what not who are inventing pesticides, think they’re doing God’s work and that they are also helping the United States keep its edge in the Cold War environment.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：参与其中的人们，科学家以及发明农药的人，都认为他们在做上帝的工作，并且他们也在帮助美国在冷战环境中保持优势。
The Department of Agriculture and the chemical industry say, one of the reasons that we have such a rich material life is that we have found ways to control these problems, to maximize food and fiber production, and it’s one of the things that distinguishes the US and its allies from the Communist bloc.
农业和化学工业部表示，我们拥有如此丰富的物质生活的原因之一是我们找到了控制这些问题的方法，最大限度地提高粮食和纤维生产，这是美国及其盟国与共产主义集团的区别之一。
Our standard of living is so much higher and we owe it to human ingenuity.
我们的生活水平如此之高，这要归功于人类的聪明才智。
Narrator: In 1957, in the USDA's all-out war against the fire ant, some twenty million acres in the South were doused with pesticides –– killing not only ants, but blackbirds and meadowlarks, armadillos and opposums.
旁白：1957 年，在美国农业部对火蚁的全面战争中，南方约 2000 万英亩土地被喷洒了杀虫剂，不仅杀死了蚂蚁，还杀死了黑鸟、草地鹨、犰狳和负鼠。
The sprayed areas, as one Alabama agricultural official reported, "reeked with the odor of decaying [wildlife.]"
据阿拉巴马州一位农业官员报道，喷洒过农药的地区“散发着[野生动物]腐烂的气味。”
Mark Lytle, Historian: The hunting-fishing community was outraged.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：渔猎界感到愤怒。
County agricultural agents dropped their support for the project and it, it really was a black eye for the Department of Agriculture, but it was a warning for Carson.
县农业代理人放弃了对该项目的支持，这对农业部来说确实是一个打击，但对卡森来说却是一个警告。
Narrator: What concerned Carson was not merely that synthetic pesticides had unintended consequences, but that substances about which so little was known were now practically ubiquitous.
旁白：卡森担心的不仅是合成农药会产生意想不到的后果，而且人们对这些物质知之甚少，现在几乎无处不在。
Widely employed by government agencies to protect health and agriculture, as well as American interests abroad, synthetic pesticides also were sold directly to consumers –– who, by 1957, could choose from an array of some 6000 different products.
合成农药被政府机构广泛采用，以保护健康和农业以及美国在海外的利益，也直接出售给消费者——到 1957 年，消费者可以从大约 6000 种不同的产品中进行选择。
William Souder, Biographer: You could get shelf paper for your kitchen cabinets that was impregnated with DDT.
William Souder，传记作者：您可以为厨房橱柜购买浸渍有滴滴涕的搁板纸。
You could get paints and varnishes that had DDT in them.
您可以获得含有滴滴涕的油漆和清漆。
One of my favorite devices, and my father owned this, was a cylinder about the size and shape of a beer can and it had DDT in it.
我最喜欢的设备之一，也是我父亲的拥有者，是一个啤酒罐大小和形状的圆柱体，里面含有滴滴涕。
It attached to the muffler of your lawn mower so the hot exhaust gas would volatilize the DDT and spray a fog out across your yard so if you were having company over for a picnic later, you could poison the grass before they got there and nobody would get a mosquito bite.
它连接到割草机的消声器上，这样热废气就会挥发滴滴涕，并在你的院子里喷出雾气，这样如果你稍后有人来野餐，你可以在他们到达之前对草进行毒害，这样就不会有人被蚊子叮咬了。
Narrator: Although manufacturers were required by law to register new chemical compounds, the government mandated no independent safety testing of those compounds and placed no limitations on their sale or use.
旁白：虽然法律要求制造商注册新化合物，但政府没有强制要求对这些化合物进行独立的安全测试，也没有对其销售或使用施加任何限制。
So long as the label provided safe-use instructions, the product was deemed to be safe under the law.
只要标签提供安全使用说明，该产品就被法律视为安全的。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: That’s, of course, reinforced by the manufacturers of the pesticides.
历史学家 Naomi Oreskes：当然，农药制造商也强化了这一点。
The companies that are manufacturing DDT focus on this question of immediate short-term toxicity, they say, “Well, look.
生产 DDT 的公司关注的是直接短期毒性问题，他们说，“好吧，看。
It’s not toxic.
它没有毒。
We applied it on all these soldiers in World War II and they were all fine so that proves that this is fine.”
我们在二战期间对所有这些士兵应用了它，他们都很好，所以证明这是好的。”
David Kinkela, Historian: You had examples of people digesting spoonfuls of DDT just to prove how safe it was.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉（David Kinkela）：你有一些例子，人们消化一勺滴滴涕只是为了证明它是多么安全。
At the same time, birds are dying en masse, fish are dying and I think Rachel understood that something radically transformative was happening, this sense that scientists have been asking the wrong question.
与此同时，鸟类正在集体死亡，鱼类正在死亡，我认为雷切尔明白一些根本性的变革正在发生，这种感觉表明科学家们一直在问错误的问题。
Scientists have been thinking about this question of acute toxicity rather than what are the long-term impacts of this chemical world that we’re creating.
科学家们一直在思考急性毒性问题，而不是我们正在创造的这个化学世界的长期影响是什么。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson is not eager to take on pesticides.
传记作者琳达·李尔：卡森并不急于使用杀虫剂。
She’s too busy and life is too complicated, but there’s this story there so she knows there’s a story.
她太忙了，生活太复杂，但有这个故事，所以她知道有一个故事。
On the other hand, it’s also the fact that it is “the” story about human hubris.
另一方面，这也是一个关于人类傲慢的“故事”。
Voice [Carson]: It was pleasant to believe...
声音[卡森]：很高兴相信......
that much of Nature was forever beyond the tampering reach of man—he might level the forests and dam the streams, but the clouds and the rain and the wind were God’s...
大自然的大部分内容永远超出了人类的篡改范围——人类可能会夷平森林、筑坝筑坝，但云、雨和风都是上帝的……
But...I have now opened my eyes and my mind.
但是……我现在睁开了眼睛，打开了心智。
I may not like what I see, but it does no good to ignore it, and it’s worse than useless to go on repeating the old ‘eternal verities’ that are no more eternal than the hills of the poets.
我可能不喜欢我所看到的，但忽视它没有任何好处，继续重复那些并不比诗人的山更永恒的古老的“永恒的真理”更糟糕。
Narrator: Rachel Carson had long known that scientists were divided on the issue of synthetic pesticides –– and that conclusions about their safety depended on who was asked.
旁白：雷切尔·卡森早就知道科学家们在合成农药问题上存在分歧，而关于其安全性的结论取决于被询问的人。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: You have scientists who are working closely with the Department of Agriculture and with the chemical industry and are part of a mindset or worldview that says, I’ve got a pest, I've got a boll weevil or a gypsy moth and I want to kill that pest, and I wanna kill effectively, without killing the person who is applying it to the crops.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯（Naomi Oreskes）：科学家们与农业部和化学工业密切合作，他们的心态或世界观说，我有一种害虫，我有棉铃象鼻虫或舞毒蛾，我想杀死这种害虫，我想有效地杀死它们，而不是杀死将其施用到农作物上的人。
And so almost all the attention is either on the killing of the pest or the non-killing of the farmer.
因此，几乎所有的注意力都集中在杀死害虫或不杀死农民上。
But on the other hand you have wildlife biologists who are not linked to any particular industry, they’re out in nature, they’re thinking about the interrelations between fish, birds, pollinators, plants, chemicals and the environment, and so they see there’s evidence of problems.
但另一方面，野生动物生物学家与任何特定行业无关，他们在大自然中，思考鱼类、鸟类、传粉媒介、植物、化学物质和环境之间的相互关系，因此他们看到了存在问题的证据。
Narrator: For Carson, it began with research –– a gathering of bits of information, excavated from technical reports and obscure scientific journals.
旁白：对于卡森来说，一切始于研究——从技术报告和晦涩的科学期刊中挖掘出的一些信息的收集。
What soon became clear was that pesticides such as DDT accumulated in the organisms exposed to them, and grew ever more concentrated as they moved up the food chain.
很快人们就清楚了，滴滴涕等杀虫剂会在接触它们的生物体中积累，并且随着它们向食物链的上游移动，浓度会越来越高。
According to one study, earthworms were still so toxic a full year after exposure to DDT that they poisoned the robins that fed upon them.
根据一项研究，在接触滴滴涕整整一年后，蚯蚓的毒性仍然很大，以至于它们毒害了以它们为食的知更鸟。
Another demonstrated that when birds were fed a miniscule amount of DDT daily, both their fertility and the survival rate of their young dramatically declined.
另一项研究表明，当鸟类每天喂食极少量的滴滴涕时，它们的生育力和幼崽的存活率都会急剧下降。
Most troubling of all was the evidence that insect populations very quickly developed resistance to synthetic pesticides.
最令人不安的是有证据表明昆虫种群很快就对合成杀虫剂产生了抗药性。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: If you dump large amounts of pesticides in a field you will kill many of the insects you intend to kill but there’ll be some fragment that survive because for whatever reason they happen to be more resistant.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯 (Naomi Oreskes)：如果你在田地里倾倒大量杀虫剂，你会杀死许多你想要杀死的昆虫，但也会有一些碎片幸存下来，因为无论出于何种原因，它们恰好具有更强的抵抗力。
That sub-population lives on, they breed, they pass on to their offspring whatever that resistance is that they have and pretty soon you have a pesticide resistant population.
该亚种群继续生存，繁殖，并将其遗传给后代，无论它们具有什么抗药性，很快就会出现对杀虫剂具有抗药性的种群。
Carson fully understood that ultimately this strategy was gonna fail, and the farmer would be in the position of either needing a different pesticide or using more, and more, and more.
卡森完全明白，这种策略最终会失败，农民要么需要不同的农药，要么使用越来越多的农药。
And so then you have a kind of arms race of pesticide use.
因此，就会出现一种杀虫剂使用的军备竞赛。
You use more pesticides, insects become more resistant, more resistance, more pesticides, more resistance, and now you’re trapped in an escalating cycle and it’s a damaging cycle because meanwhile you’re also killing fish, and birds, and other things that you like and that you want.
你使用更多的杀虫剂，昆虫变得更加抗药性，更强的抗药性，更多的杀虫剂，更强的抗药性，现在你陷入了一个不断升级的循环，这是一个破坏性的循环，因为同时你也杀死了鱼、鸟和其他你喜欢和想要的东西。
Narrator: In isolation, each study Carson read was little more than an anecdote.
旁白：单独来看，卡森读到的每项研究只不过是一件轶事。
Taken together, they offered compelling evidence that synthetic pesticides had potentially grave disadvantages, none of which were yet fully understood.
总而言之，他们提供了令人信服的证据，证明合成农药具有潜在的严重缺点，但这些缺点尚未得到充分了解。
Mark Lytle, Historian: She was not against the wise use of pesticides.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：她并不反对明智地使用杀虫剂。
She saw the need for that.
她看到了这样做的必要性。
But what she was against was the indiscriminate spreading of poisons that had untold and unanticipated consequences for all living things, human beings included.
但她反对的是不分青红皂白地传播毒药，这会给包括人类在内的所有生物带来难以言喻和意想不到的后果。
Narrator: "I realized that here was the material for a book...," Carson later recalled.
旁白：“我意识到这是一本书的材料……”卡森后来回忆道。
"[E]verything which meant most to me as a naturalist was being threatened, and...
“作为一名博物学家，对我来说最重要的一切都受到了威胁，而且......
nothing I could do would be more important."
我能做的没有什么比这更重要的了。”
In May, 1958, she signed a contract with Houghton Mifflin, for what her friend and editor Paul Brooks had dubbed "the poison book." It was slated to be a short volume, perhaps 50,000 words, of which William Shawn of The New Yorker already had offered to publish two excerpts.
1958 年 5 月，她与霍顿·米夫林 (Houghton Mifflin) 签订了一份合同，她的朋友兼编辑保罗·布鲁克斯 (Paul Brooks) 将此书称为“毒书”。这本书原定是一本短书，大概有 5 万字，《纽约客》的威廉·肖恩已经提出要出版其中的两段摘录。
Only Dorothy had misgivings.
只有多萝西有疑虑。
Linda Lear, Biographer: It’s a book about death, and it’s a book about destruction, and Dorothy’s not comfortable, and she’s not comfortable with Rachel writing that, using her talent for beauty and beautiful words to write about the elixirs of death.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：这是一本关于死亡的书，也是一本关于破坏的书，多萝西感到不舒服，她对雷切尔写这本书感到不舒服，用她的美丽天赋和美丽的文字来写关于死亡的长生不老药。
She had Rachel before when she’s writing about tide pools and beautiful things.
当她写关于潮汐池和美丽事物时，她以前有过雷切尔。
She can’t follow her in this research.
她无法跟随她进行这项研究。
Voice: [Dorothy,] You do know, I think, how deeply I believe in the importance of what I am doing.
声音：[多萝西，]我想你确实知道我有多深信我正在做的事情的重要性。
Knowing what I do, there would be no future peace for me if I kept silent.
知道我所做的事情后，如果我保持沉默，我未来就不会平安。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She wants to tell that story, and try to tell it fairly, and tell it scientifically but she’s got an argument from the beginning.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：她想讲述这个故事，并试图公平地、科学地讲述它，但她从一开始就有一个论点。
It isn’t, “Well, let’s talk about the good and bad of pesticides.” The first titles of this book are Man Against The Earth , and Man The Destroyer .
它不是“好吧，我们来谈谈农药的好与坏”。这本书的第一个标题是《人类对抗地球》和《人类毁灭者》。
Carson’s underlying anger is right there.
卡森潜在的愤怒就在那里。
Mark Lytle, Historian: In a sense she was going public with a lot of data that was somewhat inconclusive, or, or premature.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：从某种意义上说，她公开了许多有些不确定或不成熟的数据。
On the other hand, she felt, what is the morality of remaining quiet when you have a huge amount circumstantial evidence that points to a substance being toxic or dangerous.
另一方面，她觉得，当你有大量间接证据表明某种物质有毒或危险时，保持沉默有什么道德意义。
You know, advocacy is not something scientists of the time were wont to do.
要知道，倡导并不是当时的科学家们习惯做的事情。
But for Carson it became a crusade.
但对卡森来说，这变成了一场十字军东征。
Narrator: On November 22nd, 1958, with Carson deep into the research for her book, Maria, now 89, suffered a stroke.
旁白：1958 年 11 月 22 日，当卡森深入研究她的书时，现年 89 岁的玛丽亚中风了。
When she died on the morning of December 1st, Rachel was at her bedside, holding her hand.
当她于 12 月 1 日早上去世时，雷切尔站在她的床边，握着她的手。
"More than anyone else I know, she embodied...[a] 'reverence for life,'" Carson told a friend.
“她比我认识的任何人都更能体现……‘对生命的敬畏’，”卡森告诉一位朋友。
"And...
“还有……
she could fight fiercely against anything she believed wrong, as in our present Crusade!
她可以激烈地反对任何她认为错误的事情，就像我们当前的十字军东征一样！
Knowing how she felt about that will help me...to carry it through to completion." Just weeks later, Carson was back to work––driven by the growing certainty that manmade pesticides menaced not only the environment, but human health.
了解她对此的感受将帮助我……将其完成。”几周后，卡森重返工作岗位，因为人们越来越确定人造农药不仅威胁环境，还威胁人类健康。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson is convinced that there is this link between pesticides and cancer in humans.
传记作者琳达·李尔：卡森坚信农药与人类癌症之间存在联系。
And that is going to be an explosive part to this book that she didn’t initially plan and she has to be very careful of how she puts that out.
这将是这本书中一个爆炸性的部分，她最初并没有计划，她必须非常小心地表达它。
Narrator: Once again, the evidence was preliminary –– much of it, as yet unpublished.
旁白：再一次，证据是初步的——其中大部分证据尚未发表。
It was also well outside Carson's training as a biologist, and therefore difficult for her to parse.
这也远远超出了卡森作为生物学家的训练范围，因此她很难解析。
But the more she learned, the more focused she became on the parallels between synthetic pesticides and radioactive fallout.
但她了解得越多，就越关注合成农药和放射性沉降物之间的相似之处。
William Souder, Biographer: They operated in much the same way.
传记作者威廉·苏德：他们的运作方式大致相同。
They were widely dispersed.
他们分布广泛。
You could absorb a body burden of both of them.
你可以吸收他们两人的身体负担。
Both of them were being linked to cancer and birth defects.
它们都与癌症和出生缺陷有关。
Things would happen years, even decades after the exposure.
事情会在暴露后数年、甚至数十年发生。
These were long-range problems that you didn’t know were happening when they were happening.
这些都是长期问题，当它们发生时你并不知道它们正在发生。
Narrator: Events soon bolstered Carson's case.
旁白：事件很快就为卡森的案子提供了支持。
In the spring of 1959, government officials publicly admitted that they had underestimated the hazards of nuclear fallout.
1959 年春，政府官员公开承认他们低估了核辐射的危害。
Of particular concern was the radionuclide Strontium 90, which had made its way into the nation's dairy supply and was now thought to cause leukemia, bone cancer, and birth defects.
特别值得关注的是放射性核素锶 90，它已进入国家的乳制品供应中，现在被认为会导致白血病、骨癌和出生缺陷。
Mark Lytle, Historian: This is the height of the Baby Boom and so you have a nation focused on child and family life being potentially poisoned by this byproduct of the nuclear testing regime.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：这是婴儿潮的鼎盛时期，因此，一个专注于儿童和家庭生活的国家可能会受到核试验制度副产品的毒害。
Narrator: As Carson's editor, Paul Brooks, told her, "all this publicity about fallout gives you a head start in awakening people to the dangers of chemicals.” Then, just before Thanksgiving, 1959, came the so-called "cranberry scare."
旁白：正如卡森的编辑保罗·布鲁克斯告诉她的那样，“所有这些有关放射性尘埃的宣传让你在唤醒人们认识化学品危险方面占据了先机。”然后，就在 1959 年感恩节之前，出现了所谓的“蔓越莓恐慌”。
Mark Lytle, Historian: People of my generation remember the Thanksgiving with no cranberry sauce.
历史学家马克·莱特尔（Mark Lytle）：我们这一代人记得没有蔓越莓酱的感恩节。
Farmers in Oregon had sprayed their cranberry bogs with a pesticide, but they did it in the wrong growth cycle, so that it got into the berries themselves and then into the national food supply.
俄勒冈州的农民向蔓越莓沼泽喷洒了杀虫剂，但他们在错误的生长周期中喷洒了杀虫剂，因此杀虫剂进入了浆果本身，然后进入了国家食品供应。
William Souder, Biographer: It was potentially a cancer-causing agent.
传记作者 William Souder：它可能是一种致癌物质。
This might have been one of the first public demonstrations of the hazards of chemical pesticides.
这可能是化学农药危害的首次公开展示之一。
And of course this alarmed the public, who wanted their cranberries but didn’t wanna be poisoned, and it greatly distressed the cranberry industry.
当然，这引起了公众的警惕，他们想要蔓越莓，但又不想中毒，这极大地困扰了蔓越莓行业。
To Carson this was just exhibit A in a story she’d already formed in her own mind and was ready to tell.
对卡森来说，这只是她已经在脑海中形成并准备讲述的故事中的一个展示。
Narrator: With shipments of cranberries being seized for inspection and panicked grocers pulling cranberry products from shelves, Oregon's bad berries were on the verge of ruining a fifty-million-dollar crop.
旁白：随着一批批蔓越莓被没收接受检查，惊慌失措的杂货商将蔓越莓产品从货架上撤下，俄勒冈州的劣质浆果即将毁掉价值五千万美元的农作物。
Growers in other states cried foul –– and government officials went into high gear to shore up the industry.
其他州的种植者大声疾呼，政府官员则全力支持该行业。
Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Benson had himself photographed eating cranberries.
农业部长埃兹拉·本森 (Ezra Benson) 曾被拍到吃蔓越莓的照片。
On the presidential campaign trail, Senator John F.
在总统竞选活动中，参议员约翰·F·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy quaffed a cranberry juice toast, while his opponent, Vice President Richard Nixon, swallowed down four full helpings of the supposedly tainted fruit.
肯尼迪喝下了蔓越莓汁吐司，而他的对手、副总统理查德·尼克松则吞下了四份据说被污染的水果。
William Souder, Biographer: Whether the public was reassured by that, we can’t know.
传记作者威廉·苏德：我们不知道公众是否对此感到放心。
But it demonstrated that there was this inherent coalition, this inherent partnership between the government and its clients in industry –– the chemicals industry, the agricultural industry –– hat would be very resistant to the ideas that Carson was gonna propose, that she was gonna come head-to-head with the massed might of the US economy and the US government if she tried to prove to the public that they were being poisoned.
但它表明，政府与其工业客户——化学工业、农业——之间存在着这种固有的联盟、这种固有的伙伴关系，这将非常抵制卡森将要提出的想法，即如果她试图向公众证明美国经济和美国政府受到了毒害，她将与美国经济和美国政府的集体力量正面交锋。
Narrator: “I think you know," one of Carson's research contacts warned her, "how grim this struggle with the U.S. government and the whole chemical industry is bound to be." Initially, she'd thought it a nuisance: first, in early January, 1960, a painful ulcer, then a sinus infection that laid her low for weeks, then two lumps in her left breast, discovered during an examination in March.
旁白：“我想你知道，”卡森的一位研究联系人警告她，“这场与美国政府和整个化学工业的斗争注定是多么严峻。”最初，她认为这很麻烦：先是 1960 年 1 月初，出现了疼痛性溃疡，然后是鼻窦感染，让她沮丧了数周，然后在 3 月份的一次检查中发现，她的左乳房出现了两个肿块。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson is making progress.
传记作者琳达·李尔：卡森正在取得进展。
She knows she’s going to finish this book.
她知道她会读完这本书。
And suddenly she’s got this catalog of illnesses that happen to her.
突然间，她得到了发生在她身上的一系列疾病。
She was never very good at facing up to limitations.
她从来不善于面对限制。
Probably none of us are but she’s in denial and she hides it under the covers of herself, and to herself, and just tries to plow through it.
也许我们谁都不是，但她否认这一点，她把它隐藏在自己的掩护下，对自己隐藏起来，只是试图克服它。
Narrator: Carson had a history of breast tumors –– and twice had had them surgically removed.This time, one tumor was "suspicious enough" to require a radical mastectomy.
旁白：卡森有乳腺肿瘤病史，曾两次接受手术切除。这一次，其中一个肿瘤“足够可疑”，需要进行根治性乳房切除术。
Still, the surgeon assured her that no malignancy had been found, so Carson sought no further treatment.
尽管如此，外科医生向她保证没有发现恶性肿瘤，因此卡森没有寻求进一步的治疗。
It was only when she discovered a hard lump on her rib, months later, that she sought a second opinion –– and that the surgeon had withheld the truth.
直到几个月后，当她发现肋骨上有一个硬肿块时，她才寻求第二意见——而外科医生隐瞒了真相。
According to the pathology report, the removed tumor had, in fact, been malignant, and it had metastasized to her lymph nodes.
根据病理报告，切除的肿瘤实际上是恶性的，并且已经转移到她的淋巴结。
William Souder, Biographer: It was common at the time for doctors in such situations to discuss a diagnosis, a prognosis, a treatment with a woman’s husband, who they believed would be better able to handle this information, process it, make decisions if decisions had to be made.
传记作家威廉·苏德：当时，医生在这种情况下与女性的丈夫讨论诊断、预后和治疗是很常见的，他们相信丈夫能够更好地处理这些信息，处理它，在必须做出决定时做出决定。
Mark Lytle, Historian: It may also be that the cancer was sufficiently far enough advanced that he figured, “Well, there’s nothing much we can do about this.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：也可能是癌症已经发展到足够严重的程度，他认为，“好吧，我们对此无能为力。
We’ve done what we can.” But, you know, in the process he denied her six months of potential treatment that might have mitigated the cancer or might have extended her life.
我们已经尽力了。”但是，你知道，在这个过程中，他拒绝了她六个月的潜在治疗，这种治疗可能会减轻癌症或延长她的生命。
Narrator: Carson's first thought was for her privacy.
旁白：卡森首先想到的是她的隐私。
"Somehow I have no wish to read of my ailments in literary gossip columns," she told a friend.
“不知何故，我不想在文学八卦专栏中读到我的疾病，”她告诉一位朋友。
"Too much comfort to the chemical companies!"
“对化工企业来说太舒服了！”
William Souder, Biographer: She was sure that she would be accused of having written the book as a retribution against the chemical industry on the unfounded allegation that pesticides caused cancer.
传记作者威廉·苏德：她确信自己写这本书会被指责为对化学工业对农药致癌这一毫无根据的指控的报复。
And so she understood this was a serious risk and this would be a point of attack against her.
所以她明白这是一个严重的风险，这将成为针对她的攻击点。
Narrator: The months that followed were excruciating: radiation treatments, a flare-up of her ulcer; a staph infection that progressed to septic arthritis in her knees and ankles.
旁白：接下来的几个月是令人痛苦的：放射治疗、溃疡发作；她的膝盖和脚踝的葡萄球菌感染发展为化脓性关节炎。
By the end of January, 1961, she was unable to walk and could barely stand.
1961年1月底，她已经无法行走，几乎无法站立。
Voice [Carson]: Darling…You know my high hopes for the goal I might meet by March –– hopes I entertained last October!...Now I look back at the complete and devastating wreckage of those plans –– not only no writing for months but the nearly complete loss of any creative feeling or desire...
声音[卡森]：亲爱的……你知道我对三月份可能实现的目标抱有很高的期望——希望去年十月我能实现！……现在我回顾那些计划的彻底和毁灭性的破坏——不仅几个月没有写作，而且几乎完全丧失了任何创造性的感觉或欲望……
Sometimes I wonder whether the Author even exists anymore.
有时我想知道作者是否还存在。
Roger Christie, Adopted Son: I think she handled it as well as she could.
罗杰·克里斯蒂（Roger Christie），养子：我认为她处理得很好。
You know, the only negative thing I would have to say about it in retrospect was she wasn’t honest enough with me about it, although who knows whether that would’ve been a good thing.
你知道，回想起来，我不得不说的唯一负面的事情是她对我不够诚实，尽管谁知道这是否是一件好事。
You know, but that's all I remember about it, just that it was kind of a broken time.
你知道，但这就是我所记得的一切，只是那是一段破碎的时光。
Narrator: To her research files on cancer, Carson now began to save clippings on experimental treatments and improbable miracle cures.
旁白：卡森现在开始在她的癌症研究档案中保存实验性治疗和不可能的奇迹疗法的剪报。
She would never be truly healthy again.
她再也不会真正健康了。
But as soon as the radiation treatments were finished, she went back to work.
但放射治疗一结束，她就回去工作了。
Roger Christie, Adopted Son: The book became a race for her to finish.
罗杰·克里斯蒂（Roger Christie），养子：这本书成了她要完成的一场竞赛。
That was the one time where it would impact on us in that, you know, she would say “I have to go and lock myself in the study and you have to go amuse yourself and that’s just the way it is.” And uh, that got more and more intense as time went on.
那一次它会对我们产生影响，你知道，她会说“我必须去把自己锁在书房里，你必须去娱乐自己，事情就是这样。”呃，随着时间的推移，这种情况变得越来越严重。
Narrator: In late January, 1962, nearly four years after she'd begun to write it, Carson finally submitted the bulk of the manuscript to both Houghton Mifflin and The New Yorker.
旁白：1962 年 1 月下旬，也就是卡森开始写作近四年后，她终于将手稿的大部分提交给了霍顿·米夫林和《纽约客》。
It was, she wrote Dorothy, "like reaching the last station before the summit of Everest." William Shawn called as soon as he'd finished reading it: Silent Spring , he told her, was "a brilliant achievement."
她在给多萝西的信中写道，“就像到达珠穆朗玛峰顶峰之前的最后一站一样。”威廉·肖恩读完这本书后就打来电话：他告诉她，《寂静的春天》是“一项辉煌的成就”。
That night, while listening to her favorite violin concerto alone in her study, Carson wept.
那天晚上，卡森独自在书房里听着她最喜欢的小提琴协奏曲，哭了。
Voice [Carson]: Darling, I could never again listen happily to a thrush song if I had not done all I could.
声音[卡森]：亲爱的，如果我没有尽我所能，我将永远无法再愉快地聆听画眉鸟的歌声。
And last night the thoughts of all the birds and other creatures and all the loveliness that is in nature came to me with such a surge of deep happiness, that now I had done what I could — I had been able to complete it — now it had its own life!
昨晚，所有鸟类和其他生物以及大自然中所有可爱的想法都带着深深的幸福涌向我，现在我已经做了我能做的——我已经能够完成它——现在它有了自己的生命！
Narrator: On June 16th, 1962 –– as the elements of Silent Spring were being prepared for publication –– the first N ew Yorker installment arrived on the newsstands, and with its opening paragraphs lured readers into a fertile world of plenty.
旁白：1962 年 6 月 16 日，当《寂静的春天》的元素准备出版时，第一期《纽约客》出现在报摊上，它的开头段落吸引着读者进入一个富饶的富饶世界。
Voice [Carson]: There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.
声音[卡森]：美国中部曾经有一个小镇，那里的所有生命似乎都与周围环境和谐相处。
The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.
小镇坐落在一片繁荣的农场之中，有粮田和山坡上的果园，春天，白色的花朵在绿色的田野上飘浮。
Mark Lytle, Historian: The birds sing, and the woods are filled with living things, and it’s an abundant, happy place.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：鸟儿歌唱，树林里充满了生物，这是一个丰富而快乐的地方。
And then suddenly the residents discover the birds are gone, and the animals have died, and many of the plants have withered.
然后居民们突然发现鸟类消失了，动物死了，许多植物也枯萎了。
William Souder, Biographer: People start to get sick for reasons that can’t be explained.
传记作者威廉·苏德：人们开始生病的原因无法解释。
Livestock have stunted offspring.
牲畜的后代发育不良。
Everything goes bad.
一切都会变坏。
Voice [Carson]: In the gutters under the eaves and between the shingles of the roofs, a few patches of white granular powder could be seen; some weeks earlier this powder had been dropped, like snow, upon the roofs and the lawns, the fields and the streams.
声音[卡森]：在屋檐下的排水沟和屋顶的木瓦之间，可以看到几片白色颗粒状粉末；几周前，这些粉末像雪一样落在屋顶、草坪、田野和溪流上。
No witchcraft, no enemy action had snuffed out life in this stricken world.
没有巫术，没有敌人的行动扼杀了这个受灾世界的生命。
The people had done it themselves.
人民自己做到了。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: She creates an image of silence.
Naomi Oreskes，历史学家：她创造了一个沉默的形象。
“What would it be like if you woke up in the morning and you went outside and instead of hearing birds chirp or sing you heard nothing?” And that’s just so amazingly powerful, right?
“如果你早上醒来，走到外面，却没有听到鸟儿叽叽喳喳或唱歌，而是什么也没听到，那会怎么样？”这实在是太强大了，对吧？
And it just, you know, it stops you in your tracks.
你知道，它只是让你停下脚步。
Narrator: In the zealous quest for mastery, Carson argued, synthetic pesticides had been used indiscriminately, excessively, heedlessly –– upsetting the delicate balance of nature and putting all life at risk.
旁白：卡森认为，在热衷于征服的过程中，合成杀虫剂被不加区别地、过度地、不经意地使用——破坏了自然的微妙平衡，使所有生命都处于危险之中。
Mark Lytle, Historian: She felt that proponents of widespread pesticide use were conducting an experiment with life itself without having done adequate testing or research to determine what the consequences might be.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：她认为广泛使用杀虫剂的支持者正在对生命本身进行实验，而没有进行足够的测试或研究来确定可能产生的后果。
And that the citizenry weren’t being informed because the proponents of pesticides were telling them only one side of the story and the one that benefitted their own interests.
公民没有被告知，因为农药的支持者只告诉他们故事的一方面，而且是有利于他们自身利益的一方面。
And so all these things are part the Cold War consensus by which Americans lived––the benevolence of corporations, the authority of science.
因此，所有这些都是美国人赖以生存的冷战共识的一部分——企业的仁慈、科学的权威。
Well, Carson’s challenging all of those things
好吧，卡森正在挑战所有这些事情
Narrator: The furor arose even before the second and third installments of Silent Spring hit the newsstands.
旁白：甚至在《寂静的春天》第二部和第三部登上报摊之前，就已经引起了轩然大波。
The New Yorker was deluged with letters.
《纽约客》充斥着大量信件。
So, too, was the USDA.
美国农业部也是如此。
Most of those who wrote, an agency spokesman told the New York Times , expressed "horror and amazement" that the use of such toxic chemicals was even permitted.
该机构发言人告诉《纽约时报》，大多数来信者都对使用这种有毒化学物质被允许表示“恐惧和惊讶”。
Deborah Cramer, Writer: She raised the level of awareness of the general public of all of these chemical applications and why we need to think about their implications.
Deborah Cramer，作家：她提高了公众对所有这些化学应用的认识水平，以及为什么我们需要考虑它们的影响。
People were deeply moved and frightened by what she said.
人们被她的话深深感动和恐惧。
Narrator: Scientists for the chemical industry and the USDA were incensed by Carson's assertions.
旁白：卡森的言论激怒了化学工业和美国农业部的科学家。
What, they wondered publicly, was the death of a songbird against the possibility of ending malaria or world hunger?
他们公开质疑，一只鸣禽的死亡与结束疟疾或世界饥饿的可能性有何关系？
As one industry chemist put it: "DDT alone has saved as many human lives over the past 15 years as all the wonder drugs combined."
正如一位行业化学家所说：“在过去 15 年里，仅 DDT 就拯救了许多人的生命，其数量相当于所有神奇药物的总和。”
Mark Lytle, Historian: The proponents of pesticides argued that you have to take risks to go forward, that’s very much part of our scientific technological culture.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：杀虫剂的支持者认为，你必须承担风险才能前进，这是我们科技文化的重要组成部分。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: They saw themselves as doing something in the higher good.
Deborah Blum，科学作家：他们认为自己在做一些更高尚的事情。
They were fostering human development.
他们正在促进人类发展。
They were killing plagues.
他们正在消灭瘟疫。
They were making the world a better place.
他们正在让世界变得更加美好。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: Carson herself acknowledged there was this benefit through the use of pesticides.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯：卡森本人也承认使用杀虫剂有这种好处。
But the whole point of her argument is that there’s been a kind of an assumption and a rush.
但她的论点的全部要点是，存在一种假设和仓促。
The benefits were obvious so people rushed to take advantage of those benefits but there were these other problems that were maybe not as obvious but actually might outweigh the benefits.
好处是显而易见的，因此人们争先恐后地利用这些好处，但还有其他一些问题可能不那么明显，但实际上可能超过了好处。
Narrator: By August, with the publication of the book still more than a month away, the controversy over Silent Spring had reached the nation's capitol –– and a special Science Advisory Committee had been convened to review all federal policies on pesticides.
旁白：到了八月份，距离该书出版还有一个多月的时间，有关《寂静的春天》的争议已经传到了美国国会大厦——一个特别的科学咨询委员会已经召开，以审查所有联邦农药政策。
On August 28th, the subject even found its way into one of the President's regular, televised press conferences.
8 月 28 日，这个话题甚至出现在总统的一场例行电视新闻发布会上。
Archival: [journalist] There appears to be growing concern among scientists about the possibility of dangerous long-range side-effects from the widespread use of DDT and other pesticides.
档案：[记者]科学家似乎越来越担心广泛使用滴滴涕和其他农药可能产生危险的远距离副作用。
Have you considered asking the Department of Agriculture or the Public Health Service to take a closer look at this?
您是否考虑过要求农业部或公共卫生服务部门仔细研究此事？
[Kennedy] Yes, yes, and I know that they already are, I think particularly because of Miss Carson's book, but they are examining the matter.
[肯尼迪]是的，是的，我知道他们已经是了，我想特别是因为卡森小姐的书，但他们正在研究这个问题。
William Souder, Biographer: You can only image how worried the people who made these pesticides were.
传记作者威廉·苏德：你可以想象制造这些农药的人有多么担心。
When President Kennedy said, “Yeah, we’re gonna look into this.
当肯尼迪总统说：“是的，我们要调查这个问题。
We’re gonna reach in to the private sector and see if we need to regulate these products in a different way,” that was a threat.
我们将接触私营部门，看看是否需要以不同的方式监管这些产品，”这是一个威胁。
That’s a threat to the bottom line.
这是对底线的威胁。
That’s a threat to the business that these companies were in.
这对这些公司所处的业务构成了威胁。
Mark Lytle, Historian: They formed essentially a war council to get together and develop a propaganda campaign to discredit Carson, to discredit the science in her book, and to defend their practices.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：他们本质上成立了一个战争委员会，聚集在一起开展宣传运动，抹黑卡森，抹黑她书中的科学，并捍卫他们的做法。
Narrator: From public relations departments throughout the chemical industry now came a flood of bulletins and brochures which emphasized the benefits of pesticides.
旁白：整个化工行业的公关部门发出了大量的公告和小册子，强调农药的好处。
The Monsanto Company, an industry leader, papered news outlets across the country with a spoof of Silent Spring 's opening chapter, in which a pesticide-free world loses millions to yellow fever and malaria ––
行业领导者孟山都公司在全国各地的新闻媒体上刊登了恶搞《寂静的春天》的开篇，其中没有杀虫剂的世界因黄热病和疟疾而损失了数百万人——
Archival: She dines on healthy blood, and in payment leaves the chills and fever of malaria.
档案：她以健康的血液为食，而作为报酬，留下了疟疾的寒战和发烧。
Narrator: –– and crop-ravaging insects drive humanity to the brink of famine.
旁白：——而毁坏农作物的昆虫将人类推向饥荒的边缘。
Silent Spring , critics charged, was a "high-pitched," "emotional," "scientifically indefensible" screed.
批评者指责《寂静的春天》是一篇“高调”、“情绪化”、“在科学上站不住脚”的长篇大论。
To heed Carson's call for restraint, it was argued, meant nothing less than "the end of all human progress."
有人认为，听从卡森克制的呼吁无异于“所有人类进步的终结”。
David Kinkela, Historian: There is this real tension between this understanding of chemical sciences as a sort of hyper masculine lab-intensive research that produces these wonderful technologies and these scientists who work in nature, who examine issues over the long-term, but who really aren’t scientists.
历史学家大卫·金凯拉：对化学科学的理解是一种超级男性化的实验室密集型研究，产生了这些奇妙的技术，而这些科学家在自然界中工作，长期研究问题，但他们实际上不是科学家，这之间存在着真正的紧张关系。
They’re sort of like a cult.
他们有点像邪教。
And having a woman at this particular moment being the lead spokesperson of that kind of idea really chafed and made the chemical scientists really angry.
在这个特定的时刻让一位女性作为这种想法的主要代言人真的很恼火，也让化学科学家们非常愤怒。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: The idea that this woman, you know, this woman with what, a Master’s degree, that she knows something that we don’t know.
Naomi Oreskes，历史学家：这个女人，你知道，这个拥有硕士学位的女人，她知道一些我们不知道的东西。
You just see their, their condescension towards her in their just really dismissive approach, and their misrepresentation of her work.
你只会看到他们对她的屈尊俯就，他们非常轻蔑的态度，以及他们对她工作的曲解。
They try to accuse her of rejecting modernity, of being unrealistic, of wanting to ban all pesticides –– none of which are true but it’s a way to try to discredit her and discredit the argument, and it’s a way to not even have the argument.
他们试图指责她拒绝现代性、不切实际、想要禁止所有农药——这些都不是真的，但这是一种试图抹黑她和抹黑争论的方式，而且这是一种甚至没有争论的方式。
Narrator: Concerned the attacks from industry scientists created the impression that the science was "all...on the other side," Carson prevailed upon Houghton Mifflin publish a rebuttal to her critics.
旁白：考虑到行业科学家的攻击给人留下了科学“完全……在另一边”的印象，卡森说服了霍顿·米夫林发表对她的批评者的反驳。
Mark Lytle, Historian: The commercial, monetary, political resources that the agencies and the businesses that were arrayed against her could command were daunting indeed.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：反对她的机构和企业可以控制的商业、货币和政治资源确实令人畏惧。
But many scientists strongly supported Carson, and accepted her case, and contributed to it.
但许多科学家强烈支持卡森，接受了她的案例，并为此做出了贡献。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: The worst thing you could say about Silent Spring is actually a compliment.
内奥米·奥雷斯克斯（Naomi Oreskes），历史学家：关于《寂静的春天》，你能说的最糟糕的话实际上是一种赞美。
It’s not a work of science.
这不是一部科学作品。
And that’s true.
这是真的。
It’s not a work of science.
这不是一部科学作品。
It’s a work of science communication.
这是一部科学传播的作品。
She is communicating to us what scientists have to say and she’s communicating the meaning of that scientific work.
她正在向我们传达科学家们所说的话，她正在向我们传达这项科学工作的意义。
She makes clear what’s at stake.
她清楚地表明了其中的利害关系。
And that’s her great gift.
这是她的伟大礼物。
Narrator: In the end, Silent Spring flew off the shelves.
旁白：最后，《寂静的春天》下架了。
Within two weeks of its official publication, on September 27th, 65,000 copies had been sold.
9 月 27 日，该书正式出版后两周内，已售出 65,000 册。
Before long, it was a runaway bestseller.
不久之后，它就成为畅销书。
Every major publication in the country reviewed the book.
该国所有主要出版物都评论了这本书。
More than seventy newspapers also ran editorials.
七十多家报纸也发表了社论。
Carson, meanwhile, was the subject of so many magazine articles and cartoons that she and Roger began to collect them.
与此同时，卡森成为许多杂志文章和漫画的主题，她和罗杰开始收集它们。
Absent from all the publicity was the fact that Carson's cancer had spread to the right side of her body, and that she was once again undergoing radiation treatments.
所有的宣传都没有提及卡森的癌症已经扩散到身体右侧，并且她再次接受放射治疗的事实。
Inundated with interview requests, Carson agreed that fall to only two that involved cameras: a profile in LIFE magazine, and an appearance on CBS Reports, with Eric Sevareid.
面对如潮水般涌来的采访请求，卡森同意了那年秋天只有两篇涉及摄像机的报道：《生活》杂志上的个人简介，以及与埃里克·塞瓦雷德一起出现在哥伦比亚广播公司报道上的报道。
For both, she wore a heavy, dark wig she'd purchased at Elizabeth Arden.
对于这两个人，她都戴着一顶在伊丽莎白雅顿购买的厚重的深色假发。
The two-day interview session with CBS at her home, in Silver Spring, was so taxing that it became plain to Sevareid that Carson was ill.
在她位于银泉的家中接受哥伦比亚广播公司为期两天的采访非常繁重，以至于塞瓦雷德很清楚卡森病了。
Get the piece on the air as soon as possible, he urged his producer.
他敦促制片人尽快播出该作品。
"You’ve got a dead leading lady.”
“你已经死了一位女主角。”
Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson was determined as a young girl.
传记作者琳达·李尔：卡森年轻时就下定决心。
She was determined to get an education.
她决心接受教育。
She was determined to be a writer.
她决心成为一名作家。
She was determined to find something to write about.
她决心要找到一些东西来写。
And with Silent Spring she was determined that this message would get out.
在《寂静的春天》中，她决心要把这个信息传播出去。
She’s willing to endure almost everything to get that message out.
为了传达这一信息，她愿意忍受几乎一切。
Archival [Carson]: My text this afternoon is taken from the Globe Times of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a news item in the issue of October 12th.
档案 [卡森]：我今天下午的文字摘自宾夕法尼亚州伯利恒的《环球时报》，这是 10 月 12 日刊的新闻报道。
After describing in detail the reactions to Silent Spring of the farm bureaus in two Pennsylvania counties, the reporter continued: “No one in either county farm office who was talked to today had read the book, but all disapproved of it heartily.
在详细描述了宾夕法尼亚州两个县农场局对《寂静的春天》的反应后，记者继续说道：“今天采访的两个县农场局中没有人读过这本书，但所有人都强烈反对它。
Narrator: In early December, 1962, in an address to the Women's National Press Club, Rachel Carson finally answered her critics.
旁白：1962 年 12 月初，雷切尔·卡森在全国妇女新闻俱乐部的一次演讲中终于回应了她的批评。
Challenging the industry's contention that "chemicals are never used unless tests have shown them to be safe," she reminded her audience that pesticide manufacturers financed the studies of their own products' safety.
她挑战了业界关于“除非测试表明化学品安全，否则永远不会使用化学品”的观点，并提醒听众，农药制造商资助了自己产品安全性的研究。
Archival [Carson]: I know that many thoughtful scientists are deeply disturbed that their organizations are becoming fronts for industry.
档案[卡森]：我知道许多有思想的科学家对他们的组织正在成为工业界的前沿感到深感不安。
Is industry becoming a screen through which facts must be filtered so that the hard, uncomfortable truths are kept back and only the harmless morsels are allowed to filter through?
工业是否正在成为一个必须过滤事实的屏幕，以便将残酷的、令人不安的事实保留下来，只允许无害的部分通过？
The tailoring, the screening of basic truth is done to accommodate to the short-term gain, to serve the gods of profit and production.
对基本真理的剪裁和筛选是为了适应短期利益，为利润和生产之神服务。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She is calling for the population to understand that money has a great deal to do with what is done in science.
传记作者琳达·李尔（Linda Lear）：她呼吁人们了解金钱与科学成就有很大关系。
She says, “We need to ask who speaks and why." What is done in the name of science and why doesn’t the public have a right to know?” These are not just scientific questions.
她说：“我们需要询问谁在发言以及为什么发言。”以科学的名义做了什么，为什么公众没有权利知道？”这些不仅仅是科学问题。
These are questions that a social revolutionary asks.
这些是社会革命者提出的问题。
Archival (Carson) : These are matters of the most serious importance to society.
档案（卡森）：这些是对社会最重要的问题。
And I commend their study to you, as professionals in the field of communication.
我向作为传播领域专业人士的你们推荐他们的研究。
Thank you.
谢谢。
(Applause)
（掌声）
Narrator: Unable to silence Carson, the chemical industry lobbied hard to muzzle the forthcoming CBS special on Silent Spring .
旁白：由于无法让卡森保持沉默，化学工业极力游说，以限制哥伦比亚广播公司即将播出的《寂静的春天》特别节目。
In March, just weeks before the program was slated to air, the network was flooded with mimeographed letters urging fairness –– a campaign orchestrated, CBS assumed, by the chemical industry lobby.
今年三月，就在该节目预定播出前几周，网络上充斥着敦促公平的油印信件——据哥伦比亚广播公司推测，这是化学工业游说团体精心策划的一场活动。
Then, just days before the broadcast, two of the show's five commercial sponsors pulled out, followed swiftly by a third.
然后，就在播出前几天，该节目的五个商业赞助商中的两个退出了，紧随其后的是第三个。
CBS was undaunted –– and on the evening of Wednesday, April 3rd, 1963, "The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson" was beamed into living rooms all across the country.
哥伦比亚广播公司毫不畏惧——1963 年 4 月 3 日星期三晚上，《雷切尔·卡森的寂静的春天》被传送到全国各地的客厅。
Archival: [CBS Reports] Eric Sevareid: Good evening, we are living in what has been called the synthetic age.
档案：[CBS 报道] Eric Sevareid：晚上好，我们生活在所谓的合成时代。
The age of the atom, the missile, the frozen TV dinner.
原子时代、导弹、冷冻电视晚餐。
In the next hour, you will hear that this is also the age of the wormless apple and the calculated risk.
在接下来的一个小时里，你会听到这也是无虫苹果的年龄和计算出的风险。
Archival: [Reporter] Do you know how long the pesticides persist it the water once they get into it?
档案：【记者】您知道农药进入水中后的残留时间是多久吗？
[Scientist] Not entirely.
[科学家]不完全是。
[Reporter] Do you know the extent to which our groundwater may be contaminated right now by pesticides?
[记者]你知道现在我们的地下水被农药污染的程度吗？
[Scientist] We don't know that either.
[科学家]我们也不知道。
Nor do we know...
我们也不知道...
Narrator: As the program unfolded, a welter of scientists and government officials –– as well as Carson herself –– argued the pros and cons of synthetic pesticides.
旁白：随着该计划的展开，众多科学家和政府官员——以及卡森本人——争论了合成农药的利弊。
In the end, one fact was clear, for every scientific certainty there was a host of unanswered questions.
最后，一个事实很清楚：对于每一项科学确定性，都存在许多未解答的问题。
Archival: Rachel Carson: We have to remember that children born today are exposed to these chemicals from birth.
档案：雷切尔·卡森：我们必须记住，今天出生的孩子从出生起就接触到这些化学物质。
Perhaps even before birth.
也许甚至在出生之前。
Now what is going to happen to them in adult life?
现在他们的成年生活会发生什么？
As a result of that exposure?
由于这次曝光？
We simply don't know.
我们根本不知道。
Because we've never before had this kind of experience.
因为我们以前从未有过这样的经历。
Archival: Eric Sevareid: A spokesman for the chemical industry, Dr. Robert White-Stevens.
档案：Eric Sevareid：化学工业发言人 Robert White-Stevens 博士。
Dr. White-Stevens: Ms. Carson is concerned with every possibility of hazard and danger, whereas the agricultural school has to concern itself with the probability, the likelihood of danger.
怀特-史蒂文斯博士：卡森女士关心危险和危险的每一种可能性，而农业学校必须关心危险的概率和可能性。
And to assess that against utility, if we had to investigate every possibility, we would never make any advancement at all, because this would require an infinite time for experimental work, and we would never be finished!
为了根据实用性来评估这一点，如果我们必须研究每一种可能性，我们将永远不会取得任何进展，因为这将需要无限的时间进行实验工作，而且我们永远不会完成！
Archival: Rachel Carson: We've heard the benefits of pesticides.
档案：雷切尔·卡森：我们听说过杀虫剂的好处。
We've heard a great deal about their safety, but very little about the hazards, very little about the failures, the inefficiencies, and yet the public was being asked accept these chemicals, being asked to acquiesce in their use and did not have the whole picture.
我们已经听说过很多关于它们的安全性的信息，但很少有关于其危害、很少有关于故障、低效率的信息，然而公众被要求接受这些化学品，被要求默许它们的使用，并且没有了解全部情况。
So, I set about to remedy the balance there.
因此，我开始着手弥补那里的平衡。
Linda Lear, Biographer: The CBS Reports becomes almost a second publication of the book.
琳达·李尔（Linda Lear），传记作者：《哥伦比亚广播公司报道》几乎成为该书的第二份出版物。
People who hadn’t read it and probably wouldn’t have read it can see that Rachel Carson is a very calm, rational woman who is not frothing at the mouth and is not a raving Communist.
没有读过或者可能不会读过这本书的人可以看出，雷切尔·卡森是一位非常冷静、理性的女性，她不会口吐白沫，也不是一个狂热的共产主义者。
She’s giving the public credit for being able to understand science.
她因能够理解科学而给予公众赞誉。
Narrator: With an audience estimated at between ten and fifteen million, "The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson" catapulted the environment to the top of the political agenda.
旁白：《雷切尔·卡森的寂静的春天》的观众估计有 10 到 500 万，将环境问题推上了政治议程的首位。
The next day, Senator Abraham Ribicoff, chair of the subcommittee on Government Operations, was charged with conducting a broad congressional review of environmental hazards, including pesticides.
第二天，政府运作小组委员会主席、参议员亚伯拉罕·里比科夫（Abraham Ribicoff）受命对包括杀虫剂在内的环境危害进行广泛的国会审查。
Then, on May 15th, came the long-awaited report from the President's Science Advisory Committee.
然后，5 月 15 日，总统科学顾问委员会发布了期待已久的报告。
Naomi Oreskes, Historian: And they say in more prosaic language what she has essentially already said in Silent Spring , which is, “Yes, there are some benefits to using pesticides, and no, we probably don't want to outlaw and ban all pesticides tomorrow but there is substantial scientific evidence that the indiscriminate use of pesticides, the overuse of pesticides, and particularly certain persistent pesticides like DDT may be problematic.”
历史学家内奥米·奥雷斯克斯（Naomi Oreskes）：他们用更平淡的语言表达了她在《寂静的春天》中基本上已经说过的话，那就是，“是的，使用农药有一些好处，不，我们可能不想明天取缔和禁止所有农药，但有大量的科学证据表明，滥用农药、过度使用农药，特别是某些持久性农药，如滴滴涕，可能会产生问题。”
Narrator: “I think it’s a splendid report," Carson told a journalist.
旁白：“我认为这是一份精彩的报告，”卡森告诉记者。
"It’s strong.
“它很强。
It’s objective and I think a very fair evaluation of the problem.
这是客观的，我认为对这个问题的评估非常公平。
I feel that the report has vindicated me and my principal contentions."
我觉得这份报告证明了我和我的主要论点是正确的。”
By now, Carson knew she didn't have long to live.
到现在为止，卡森知道她活不了多久了。
Despite ongoing radiation treatments, the cancer had spread and spread again, to her collarbone, her neck, her shoulder.
尽管正在进行放射治疗，癌症还是不断扩散，扩散到她的锁骨、脖子和肩膀。
Though often in pain, she kept her call for change insistent –– appearing in late May on The Today Show and in early June before Ribicoff's Senate committee, where she delivered forty minutes of testimony to a rapt, capacity crowd.
尽管经常感到痛苦，但她仍然坚持呼吁变革——五月底出现在《今日秀》上，六月初出现在里比科夫的参议院委员会上，向全神贯注的观众提供了四十分钟的证词。
Archival: [Carson] We have acquired technical skills on a scale undreamed of even a generation ago.
档案：[卡森]我们已经获得了上一代人无法想象的规模的技术技能。
We can do dramatic things and we can do them quickly.
我们可以做一些戏剧性的事情，而且我们可以做得很快。
By the time damaging side effects are apparent, it is often too late or impossible to reverse our actions.
当有害的副作用显现出来时，扭转我们的行为往往为时已晚或不可能。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She’s aware that there will be changes coming because of her words, because of her book so she’s at peace, comfortable in some ways with the fact that she’s done the work that she set out to do.
琳达·李尔（Linda Lear），传记作家：她意识到，由于她的话、由于她的书，将会发生变化，所以她在某种程度上感到平静，在某些方面对她已经完成了她打算做的工作这一事实感到满意。
Archival: [Carson] If we are ever to solve the basic problem of environmental contamination, we must begin to count the many hidden costs of what we are doing and to weigh them against the gains or advantages.
档案：[卡森]如果我们要解决环境污染的基本问题，我们必须开始计算我们正在做的事情的许多隐性成本，并将它们与收益或优势进行权衡。
William Souder, Biographer: Now we enter into a period of time in which everyone understands that the environment is an important subject, that it’s something we should talk about, something we should consider when we are using new technologies that might adversely affect it.
传记作家威廉·苏德：现在我们进入了这样一个时期，每个人都明白环境是一个重要的话题，是我们应该谈论的事情，是我们在使用可能对其产生不利影响的新技术时应该考虑的事情。
It puts the government squarely into the middle as a regulating authority, as a force that can restrain technology.
它将政府作为监管机构、作为抑制技术的力量直接置于中间。
This hadn’t been part of the dialogue before.
这不是之前对话的一部分。
Voice: It seems strange, looking back over my life that all that went before this past decade seems to have been merely preparation for it.
声音：这似乎很奇怪，回顾我的一生，这十年之前发生的一切似乎都只是为之做准备。
Into that decade ...
进入那个十年...
have been crowded everything I shall be remembered for.
我将被记住的一切都挤满了。
Narrator: There was, for Carson, one last summer at Southport––a summer filled with birdsong, and the sound of the wind in the spruce trees.
旁白：对卡森来说，去年夏天是在绍斯波特——一个充满鸟鸣声和风吹过云杉树的声音的夏天。
There were walks along the shore with Dorothy, slow and ginger now on account of Carson's constant pain, and bittersweet hours spent watching the surf crash against the rocks.
由于卡森持续不断的疼痛，我们和多萝西一起沿着海岸散步，现在步伐缓慢而生机勃勃，看着海浪撞击岩石，度过了苦乐参半的时光。
Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter: I don’t think the kids, my brother, and Roger and I understood that this was some big last deal.
玛莎·弗里曼，多萝西·弗里曼的孙女：我不认为孩子们、我的兄弟、罗杰和我明白这是最后一笔大交易。
But it was Rachel’s last summer at Southport and she was unable to go down to the beach.
但这是雷切尔在绍斯波特的最后一个夏天，她无法去海滩。
And yet, we all still had a lovely summer day going down and bringing little creatures up to the cottage for her to look at, and talk to us about, and then instruct us that they had to go back where they came from.
然而，我们仍然度过了一个可爱的夏日，带着小动物到小屋让她看，和我们谈论，然后告诉我们他们必须回到他们来的地方。
I think I like that as a quintessential and last memory because that was her essence and there it was.
我想我喜欢它作为典型和最后的记忆，因为那是她的本质，就在那里。
Narrator: The cancer spread to her pelvis, then to her upper back and arms.
旁白：癌症扩散到她的骨盆，然后扩散到她的上背部和手臂。
By October, back in Silver Spring, Carson was spending most of her time in bed.
到了十月，回到银泉，卡森大部分时间都在床上度过。
Linda Lear, Biographer: She had all these other ideas of what she wanted to write.
琳达·李尔，传记作家：她对自己想写的东西有所有其他的想法。
I think she comes to terms with the fact that she will lay down her pen without having done them all.
我认为她接受了这样一个事实：她会在没有完成所有事情的情况下放下笔。
Um, but the biggest thing of course is what to do with Roger and to face the fact that when she dies, which she doesn’t really face well, Roger needs a family and she can’t seem to come to grips with that.
嗯，但最重要的事情当然是如何对待罗杰，并面对这样一个事实：当她去世时，她并没有很好地面对这一事实，罗杰需要一个家庭，而她似乎无法解决这一问题。
Roger Christie, Adopted Son: She tried to shield me from how serious it was and it was never, “You know, well, I’m gonna die.” I don’t know how she expected it to work really, beyond, you know, making provisions for me in her will.
罗杰·克里斯蒂（Roger Christie），养子：她试图让我不知道事情有多严重，但从来没有，“你知道，好吧，我会死的。”我不知道她期望它如何真正发挥作用，除了在她的遗嘱中为我做出规定之外。
It’s not something we talked about.
这不是我们谈论的事情。
Martha Freeman, Dorothy Freeman's Granddaughter: The best she could do was add a codicil to her will that said it was her wish that either the Paul Brooks family, Paul Brooks being her editor at Houghton Mifflin, or my parents would take Roger in and would adopt Roger.
玛莎·弗里曼，多萝西·弗里曼的孙女：她能做的最好的事情就是在她的遗嘱中添加一份附录，表明她希望保罗·布鲁克斯家族（保罗·布鲁克斯是她在霍顿·米夫林的编辑）或我的父母收养罗杰并收养罗杰。
I think in the end she punted.
我想最后她还是下注了。
She just, wherever she was in her life, the end of her life, she didn’t want to or couldn’t make that decision.
她只是，无论她处于生命中的哪个阶段，无论她生命的终点如何，她都不想或无法做出这样的决定。
Narrator: By spring, the cancer had spread to her brain.
旁白：到了春天，癌症已经扩散到她的大脑。
Dorothy still wrote nearly every day, but Carson no longer wrote back.
多萝西几乎每天仍然写信，但卡森不再回信。
When Dorothy came for a visit, in early April, Carson was only dimly aware that she was there.
四月初，当多萝西来拜访时，卡森只是隐约意识到她在那里。
On April 14th, 1964, Rachel Carson died.
1964 年 4 月 14 日，雷切尔·卡森去世。
She was 56 years old.
她今年 56 岁。
Some of her ashes were buried next to her mother's grave.
她的一些骨灰被埋在她母亲的坟墓旁边。
The rest Dorothy spread over the ocean at Southport Island.
其余的多萝西散布在南港岛的海洋上。
Deborah Blum, Science Writer: There’s a before Rachel and after Rachel in the way we think about what matters in protecting the environment.
Deborah Blum，科普作家：在我们思考保护环境的重要因素时，有一个“雷切尔之前”和“雷切尔之后”。
There are not very many people who you say, “That person drove a paradigm shift” but she did.
没有多少人会说“那个人推动了范式转变”，但她做到了。
And it’s post Silent Spring that you start seeing genuine environmental regulation in a way that didn’t exist before.
在《寂静的春天》之后，你开始以一种前所未有的方式看到真正的环境监管。
It’s like a rain on a dry landscape, right.
就像干燥的土地上下雨一样，对吧。
That book was it.
就是那本书。
Linda Lear, Biographer: Silent Spring was the book that changed the world.
琳达·李尔，传记作者：《寂静的春天》是一本改变世界的书。
It taught us that life was fragile, that it was mutable, that science was not omniscient.
它告诉我们生命是脆弱的、易变的，科学并不是无所不知的。
Her message was that there’s an ongoing story.
她传达的信息是，有一个正在进行的故事。
It doesn’t just stop with the removal of pesticides.
它不仅仅止于去除农药。
Mark Lytle, Historian: Many business and political types who can’t stand environmental regulation have since been trying to discredit Rachel Carson.
历史学家马克·莱特尔：许多无法忍受环境监管的商界和政界人士一直试图抹黑雷切尔·卡森。
They feel if they can discredit her they can in a sense deconstruct the environmental apparatus.
他们觉得，如果他们能够抹黑她，他们在某种意义上就可以解构环境机构。
And they’re still doing it.
他们仍在这样做。
It has not gone quiet.
它并没有安静下来。
Naomi Orekses, Historian: Rachel Carson begins a conversation that we needed to have, that we weren’t having in 1963 and that we still haven’t really figured out how to have in an appropriate way even today.
历史学家内奥米·奥雷克塞斯 (Naomi Orekses)：雷切尔·卡森 (Rachel Carson) 开始了一场我们需要进行的对话，但我们在 1963 年还没有进行过这样的对话，即使在今天，我们仍然没有真正弄清楚如何以适当的方式进行对话。
It’s a conversation about the pros and cons of technology.
这是一场关于技术利弊的对话。
It’s a conversation about the role of nature in our life and about whether or not we make our lives better through technological innovations or whether we do damage that outweighs the benefits.
这是一场关于自然在我们生活中的作用的对话，以及我们是否通过技术创新让我们的生活变得更好，或者我们是否造成的损害超过了好处。
William Souder, Biographer: Carson said, “Let’s try to look at life from the other side.
传记作者威廉·苏德：卡森说：“让我们尝试从另一面看待生活。
Let’s try to look at the natural world as if we were actually a part of it.” And that’s a different way to understand things than anyone had ever proposed before.
让我们试着观察自然世界，就好像我们实际上是它的一部分一样。”这是一种不同于以往任何人提出的理解事物的方式。
You’re not separate.
你们不是分开的。
You’re human but you’re not separate from this living world.
你是人类，但你与这个生机勃勃的世界并没有分离。
Watch the opening scene of Rachel Carson .
观看雷切尔·卡森的开场场景。
Actress and playwright Kaiulani Lee has traveled the world performing her play “A Sense of Wonder,” which tells the story of science writer Rachel Carson.
女演员兼剧作家凯拉尼·李环游世界，演出她的戏剧《惊奇感》，该剧讲述了科普作家雷切尔·卡森的故事。
In this co-production with Retro Report, scientists and historians weigh in on Rachel Carson, and today’s battle against malaria.
在这部与《Retro Report》联合制作的影片中，科学家和历史学家对雷切尔·卡森以及当今与疟疾的斗争进行了探讨。
In 1962, The New Yorker published Rachel Carson’s articles on the side effects of pesticides.
1962年，《纽约客》发表了雷切尔·卡森（Rachel Carson）关于杀虫剂副作用的文章。
Today the magazine publishes science journalism by Elizabeth Kolbert, who reports on climate change.
今天，该杂志出版了伊丽莎白·科尔伯特（Elizabeth Kolbert）撰写的科学新闻，报道气候变化。
A n intimate portrait of the woman whose groundbreaking books revolutionized our relationship to the natural world.
这是一位女性的亲密肖像，她的开创性书籍彻底改变了我们与自然世界的关系。