The Quiz Show Scandal
DAVID McCULLOUGH, Host: Good evening.
主持人大卫·麦卡洛：晚上好。
Welcome to The American Experience.
欢迎来到美国体验。
I'm David McCullough.
我是大卫·麦卡洛。
Tonight's film, The Quiz Show Scandal, is about deception, mass deception on television in the 1950's.
今晚的电影《智力竞赛丑闻》讲述的是 20 世纪 50 年代电视上的欺骗和大规模欺骗行为。
"Photographs don't lie" was the old saying.
老话说“照片不会说谎”。
That decent, educated Americans don't lie went without saying.
不言而喻，受过良好教育的正派美国人不会说谎。
No President had yet lied to us as far as we knew.
据我们所知，还没有总统对我们撒过谎。
The realization that President Eisenhower had spoken considerably less than the truth when the American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union was still to come in 1960; and our own day of liars on television, of State Department officials, bank officers presidents of the United States all lying through their teeth was far in the future and unimaginable, as unimaginable as what happened to the value of the dollar.
直到 1960 年，当美国 U-2 间谍机在苏联上空被击落时，艾森豪威尔总统才意识到自己所说的远远少于事实。而我们自己的时代，电视上的骗子、国务院官员、银行官员、美国总统都在嘴里撒谎，那是遥远的未来，也是不可想象的，就像美元价值发生的事情一样不可想象。
The $64,000 jackpot of the big hit quiz show , The $64,000 Question was a fortune back then.
热门问答节目的 64,000 美元头奖，64,000 美元的问题在当时是一笔财富。
I'd just gone to work in 1956 as a trainee at Sports Illustrated , a very good job at a salary of $4,500 a year, which.
1956 年，我刚刚参加《体育画报》的实习生工作，这是一份非常好的工作，年薪 4,500 美元。
as it happens, was almost exactly what quiz-show contestant Charles Van Doren was then earning as a teacher.
碰巧的是，这几乎正是智力问答节目选手查尔斯·范·多伦当时作为一名教师的收入。
Our story is a morality play and as timely and to the point now as then.
我们的故事是一部道德剧，无论现在还是当时，都恰到好处。
"I learned a lot about good and evil," Charles Van Doren would later say.
“我学到了很多关于善与恶的知识，”查尔斯·范·多伦后来说。
"They are not always what they appear to be." That he was not what he appeared to be stunned the country in a way that had never happened before and demonstrated as never before what unprecedented potential for deception lay in the new age of television.
“他们并不总是他们看起来的样子。”他并不是他看上去的那样，这让全国震惊了，这是前所未有的，也前所未有地证明了电视新时代存在着前所未有的欺骗潜力。
NARRATOR: In the 1950's a powerful new medium took hold of America, leaving its signposts on almost every rooftop.
旁白：20世纪50年代，一种强大的新媒体占领了美国，几乎每个屋顶上都留下了它的路标。
Television was replacing the fireplace as the central focus of our homes and our lives.
电视正在取代壁炉，成为我们家庭和生活的中心焦点。
Television sales soared, as did America's fascination with the new programs they watched, especially the most successful and innovative of them all the first quiz shows with big cash prizes.
电视销量猛增，美国人对他们观看的新节目的迷恋也随之猛增，尤其是其中最成功和最具创新性的节目——所有第一批有巨额现金奖励的智力问答节目。
HOST: Ladies and gentleman, if either player stops the game now, Miss Spouser will win $5,500 more, which means she'll have $11,000.
主持人：女士们、先生们，如果其中任何一个玩家现在停止游戏，那么 Spouser 小姐将再赢得 5,500 美元，这意味着她将获得 11,000 美元。
You've just won $69,500-- congratulations, again.
您刚刚赢得了 69,500 美元——再次恭喜。
NARRATOR: The influence of individual show's was suddenly enormous.
旁白：个人节目的影响力突然变得巨大。
Television was both our link to reality and our escape from it.
电视既是我们与现实的联系，也是我们对现实的逃避。
The popularity of the quiz shows was unprecedented.
问答节目的受欢迎程度是空前的。
People lined up around the block to get a look at the winning contestants who were their new heroes.
人们在街区周围排起长队，想一睹获胜选手的风采，他们是他们的新英雄。
And most acclaimed of all was charming and boyish Charles Van Doren, a 30-year-old English instructor and son of a famous literary family.
其中最受好评的是迷人而孩子气的查尔斯·范·多伦（Charles Van Doren），他是一位 30 岁的英语教师，出身于著名文学世家。
For Charles Van Doren, involvement with quiz shows would lead to scandal and personal tragedy that he would hide from for the rest of his life.
对于查尔斯·范·多伦来说，参与智力问答节目将导致丑闻和个人悲剧，而他将在余生中躲避这些丑闻和个人悲剧。
The quiz show scandals were one of the most bizarre, disillusioning chapters in the history of broadcasting.
智力问答节目丑闻是广播史上最离奇、最令人幻灭的篇章之一。
The shocking disclosures of quiz-show fraud became a signature for an entire decade.
智力竞赛节目欺诈事件的令人震惊的披露成为了整整十年的标志。
President Dwight Eisenhower called the deception "a terrible thing to do to the American public." The audience, the medium and the participants themselves would never be the same.
德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统称这种欺骗行为“对美国公众来说是一件可怕的事情”。观众、媒体和参与者本身将永远不会相同。
1st VOICE: Did he give you all the questions and all the answers 2nd VOICE: Did anyone on the Twenty-One program ever ask you for money?
第一个声音：他是否给了你所有的问题和所有答案 第二个声音：二十一计划中的任何人曾经向你要过钱吗？
3rd VOICE: You knew exactly, then, what was going to happen on the program before the program went on the air?
第三声音：那么，在节目播出之前，您就清楚地知道节目中会发生什么吗？
NARRATOR: As a consequence of what began to unravel in this grand jury room, careers were destroyed and many went into hiding.
旁白：由于这个大陪审团房间中开始出现的问题，职业生涯被摧毁，许多人躲藏起来。
Individually, about 100 quiz-show contestants and producers -- a cross-section of well-educated, decent middle-class Americans -- sat here and perjured themselves.
大约 100 名智力问答节目的参赛者和制作人——受过良好教育、正派的美国中产阶级——坐在这里作了伪证。
It all began with The $64,000 Question.
这一切都始于 64,000 美元的问题。
The innovative staff of producers and technicians had no idea that their creation was about to change television.
富有创意的制作人和技术人员并不知道他们的创作将改变电视。
The show had its live-camera debut on June 7, 1955.
该节目于 1955 年 6 月 7 日首次进行现场直播。
Initially, there was no manipulation of the contestants.
最初，并没有对参赛者进行任何操纵。
That would come later, in slow, escalating, indirect steps.
那会在稍后发生，以缓慢、逐步升级、间接的步骤进行。
JOSEPH CATES, Producer/Director, "The $64,000 Question": Television was new then and this was the most exciting thing that was part of it, it was unique to television.
JOSEPH CATES，制片人/导演，《64,000 美元的问题》：电视在当时还是新鲜事，这是电视中最令人兴奋的部分，它是电视所独有的。
It couldn't have happened in any other medium.
这不可能发生在任何其他媒介中。
It was a new idea, a big-money quiz.
这是一个新想法，一次大额测验。
HAL MARCH, Host, "The $64,000 Question": You're right, for $8,000!
HAL MARCH，《64,000 美元问题》主持人：你说得对，8,000 美元！
SONNY FOX, Host, "The $64,000 Question": I remember one night walking down -- on a Tuesday night, walking down on a summer's night in the streets of New York and the windows were open.
索尼·福克斯，《64,000 美元的问题》主持人：我记得一个周二晚上，夏夜，我走在纽约的街道上，窗户开着。
And out of every window, I heard the same sound and the sound was of $64,000 Question .
从每个窗户外面，我都听到同样的声音，声音是 64,000 美元的问题。
CONTESTANT: "The $64,000 Question" Gloria Scott.
参赛者：“价值 64,000 美元的问题”格洛丽亚·斯科特。
HAL MARCH: That's correct, for $32,000.
HAL MARCH：没错，32,000 美元。
JACK NARZ, Host, "Dotto": It just swept the country.
JACK NARZ，《Dotto》主持人：它刚刚风靡全国。
I'm telling you, on the night that $64,000 Question was on, you could shoot a cannon down the street, 'cause nobody was on the street.
我告诉你，在 64,000 美元问题进行的那天晚上，你可以在街上放一门大炮，因为街上没有人。
Everybody was at home watching that show.
每个人都在家里看那个节目。
ANNOUNCER: "The $64,000 Question" And now, the star of our show, where knowledge is king and the reward king-size, Hal March!
播音员：“价值 64,000 美元的问题” 现在，我们节目的明星是哈尔·马奇 (Hal March)，知识为王，奖励为王！
NARRATOR: The idea for The $64,000 Question came from a popular radio show, Take It Or Leave It.
旁白：“64,000 美元问题”的创意来自于一个流行的广播节目“Take It Or Leave It”。
Producer Lou Cowan added three zeros to the program's $64 top prize.
制片人卢·考恩 (Lou Cowan) 在该节目 64 美元的最高奖金上加上了三个零。
ANNOUNCER: Revlon, the greatest name in cosmetics, presents, the one, two, four, eight, sixteen…
播音员：露华浓，化妆品界最伟大的名字，礼物，一、二、四、八、十六……
NARRATOR: His creation-- the first big-money television game show.
旁白：他的创作——第一个大手笔的电视游戏节目。
ANNOUNCER: Yes, The $64,000 Question.
播音员：是的，64,000 美元的问题。
Mr. CATES: Lou Cowan is the only man who ever said to me, in 40-odd year when he employed me -- he said, "The most important thing to me is my good name.
凯茨先生：Lou Cowan 是唯一一个在雇用我的 40 多年里对我说过的人——他说：“对我来说最重要的是我的好名声。
I'll back you in everything, in anything that comes up as long as you don't dishonor my good name." In any event, Lou's idea was that the contestant would go home, think about it for one week -- whether he'd like to try or whether he would prefer to take his money and run.
只要你不玷污我的名誉，我就会在一切事情上支持你。”无论如何，卢的想法是，参赛者回家后思考一周——是否愿意尝试一下，或者是否愿意拿钱逃跑。
HAL MARCH: Tonight, he's back with his wife to tell us whether he will take his $16,000 and go home or leave it and try for $32,000.
哈尔·马奇：今晚，他和他的妻子一起回来，告诉我们他是否会带着 16,000 美元回家，还是留下来尝试拿到 32,000 美元。
Mr. CATES: It was a very interesting notion of spreading it over a five-week period.
凯茨先生：将其分散到五周内是一个非常有趣的想法。
It also meant that you could build cumulative interest in a single contestant.
这也意味着您可以对单个参赛者产生累积的兴趣。
If you didn't become interested in someone on the show, then he's off and finished.
如果你对节目中的某人不感兴趣，那么他就结束了。
So then, if you became interested, you could bring him back.
那么，如果你感兴趣的话，就可以把他带回来。
It was a novel idea for a television show and Lou had written it up and I don't think it ran more than a third of a page, just the scoring device, the notion of bringing them back.
对于电视节目来说，这是一个新颖的想法，卢已经把它写下来了，我认为它的篇幅不超过三分之一，只是评分装置，把他们带回来的想法。
And he asked me to produce run-throughs to develop the show.
他要求我制作演练来发展这个节目。
And we tested the language what the host would say.
我们测试了主持人所说的语言。
We tried different variations on the format.
我们尝试了格式的不同变体。
HAL MARCH: "The $64,000 Challenge" Would you like to win some money now, Meryl?
HAL MARCH：“64,000 美元挑战”你现在想赢一些钱吗，梅丽尔？
I don't know that you need it especially, but if you'd like to, right behind you is Revlon's Category Board.
我不知道您是否特别需要它，但如果您愿意，就在您身后的是露华浓的类别板。
Which do you think you'd like to try?
您认为您想尝试哪一个？
NARRATOR: To present the initial questions in a dramatic way, producer Joe Cates placed an IBM sorting machine on stage.
旁白：为了以戏剧性的方式提出最初的问题，制片人 Joe Cates 在舞台上放置了一台 IBM 分拣机。
It gave the illusion that there was a random selection of questions, when in fact all the cards were identical.
它给人一种错觉，认为问题是随机选择的，而事实上所有的卡片都是相同的。
Mr. CATES: It didn't matter what button you pressed.
CATES 先生： 按哪个按钮并不重要。
They were all on one line and they just served to distribute all the cards and a stagehand behind lit up the box.
他们都排在一条线上，他们只是负责分发所有卡片，后面的舞台工作人员点亮了盒子。
So questions came from the IBM machine.
所以问题来自IBM机器。
When we got up to $8,000 or $4,000 and we wanted to make a change, one of the changes was obvious.
当我们达到 8,000 美元或 4,000 美元并想要做出改变时，其中一个改变是显而易见的。
Instead of going from stage left to the IBM machine, let's go to stage right and let's have somebody produce out of a safe and out of that evolved a banker who would have two guards.
我们不要从左边的舞台走到 IBM 机器，而是去右边的舞台，让某人从保险箱中拿出东西，然后从那里进化出一个有两名警卫的银行家。
It's kind of funny when you think about it, two guards onstage with guns.
想想就觉得有点好笑，台上有两个拿着枪的警卫。
BANKER: The questions on which I'm about to break the seal have been carefully guarded in the locked safe deposit vaults of Manufacturers Trust Company New York.
银行家：我即将揭开谜底的问题一直被小心翼翼地保存在纽约制造商信托公司上锁的保险箱中。
Manufacturers Trust Company certifies that these envelopes were received directly from the editors and that no one has had access to their contents, not Mr. March, not even I.
制造商信托公司证明这些信封是直接从编辑那里收到的，没有人接触过其中的内容，马奇先生没有，甚至我也没有。
NARRATOR: The most memorable innovation was the isolation booth.
旁白：最令人难忘的创新是隔离间。
It prevented contestants from hearing answers from the audience and it became the single most dramatic symbol of the quiz shows.
它阻止参赛者听到观众的答案，并成为智力问答节目中最具戏剧性的象征。
Again, the idea came from radio.
同样，这个想法来自广播。
Mr. CATES: Now, along the way -- and it happened quite by accident -- there was a "radio announce" booth.
凯茨先生：现在，一路上——这完全是偶然——有一个“广播广播”摊位。
In a radio studio, they would sometimes isolate the announcer by putting him in a little booth, just barely enough room for him and a microphone.
在广播演播室，他们有时会将播音员放在一个小隔间里，仅够容纳他和麦克风，从而将他隔离开来。
And I set up that booth and then, when the contestant got to a big money question, I put them into the booth and that would have added drama.
我设立了那个摊位，然后，当参赛者提出一个大金钱问题时，我将他们放入摊位，这会增加戏剧性。
HAL MARCH: "The $64,000 Question" Can you hear me and see me, Joyce?
哈尔·马奇：“价值 64,000 美元的问题”你能听到我的声音并看到我吗，乔伊斯？
Dr. JOYCE BROTHERS, Contestant, -"The $64,000 Question": Yes, I can.
JOYCE BROTHERS 博士，参赛者，“64,000 美元的问题”：是的，我可以。
HAL MARCH: Ready for your $16,000 question?
HAL MARCH：准备好回答 16,000 美元的问题了吗？
Dr. BROTHERS: Oh, I suppose so.
兄弟博士：哦，我想是的。
HAL MARCH: OK, may I have it, please?
哈尔·马奇：好的，可以给我吗？
Mr. CATES: Now, of course, the announcer's box, the box used on the -- finally, the one that was built and designed for The $64,000 Question was not soundproof.
卡特斯先生：当然，播音员的包厢，最后，为 64,000 美元的问题建造和设计的包厢并不隔音。
It was almost impossible to soundproof, so they had to feed in a little music.
隔音几乎是不可能的，所以他们不得不放一点音乐。
The music would block out anything that the audience said.
音乐会屏蔽观众所说的任何内容。
We used to seat the people related to the contestants in a special prelit area.
我们过去常常将与参赛者有关的人安排在一个特殊的预照明区域。
We would shoot close-ups of the mother or the son or the father and the close-up, literally, was from the bottom lip to the eyes.
我们会拍摄母亲、儿子或父亲的特写镜头，从字面上看，特写镜头是从下唇到眼睛。
It was incredible reaction.
这是令人难以置信的反应。
People were moved.
人们被感动了。
It was a very exciting program.
这是一个非常令人兴奋的节目。
VIRGIL, Contestant, "The $64,000 Question": The "X" was the numeral number for the 10 and the "I" was for-- for-- HAL MARCH: Virgil, to be fair with you VIRGIL: Ten in "T"-- 10 in Texas HAL MARCH: You're right, for $32,000.
VIRGIL，参赛者，“64,000 美元的问题”：“X”是 10 的数字，“I”是用于--用于-- HAL MARCH：Virgil，公平地说 VIRGIL：“T”中的 10 - 德克萨斯州的 10 HAL MARCH：你是对的，32,000 美元。
Mr. CATES: And that's how these things evolved.
CATES 先生：这就是这些事物的演变过程。
We decided to analyze everything that went into a quiz show, from how the contestant appears to how questions are gotten and devise a new way on a space stage of presenting it.
我们决定分析智力问答节目的所有内容，从参赛者的外表到问题的提出方式，并设计一种在太空舞台上呈现它的新方式。
I distinctly remember, the evening of the very first show on air, Charles Revson, who owned Revlon, who stood in the booth behind me I heard him say to Walter Craig of Norman, Craig and Kumbledy advertising agency, "Well, Norman [sic), that's another stiff you've bought on my account.
我清楚地记得，在第一场节目播出的那天晚上，露华浓公司的所有者查尔斯·雷夫森（Charles Revson）站在我身后的展位上，我听到他对诺曼、克雷格和昆布迪广告公司的沃尔特·克雷格说：“好吧，诺曼[原文如此]，这是你用我的账户买的另一件僵硬的东西。
This thing is terrible." And he walked out of there, mumbling and grumbling.
这件事太可怕了。”然后他就走出了那里，嘟哝着，抱怨着。
And of course, Charlie was wrong and he was the greatest beneficiary.
当然，查理错了，他是最大的受益者。
The sponsors probably quadrupled their sales in one year.
赞助商的销售额可能在一年内翻了两番。
You're talking about $100 million.
你说的是一亿美元。
HAL MARCH: This is the richest family on the block right now.
哈尔·马奇：这是目前该街区最富有的家庭。
NARRATOR: Mark Goodson, was in Cowan's office discussing a show of his own when a call came in from Cohen's sponsor, Charles Revson.
旁白：马克·古德森 (Mark Goodson) 正在考恩的办公室讨论自己的一场演出，这时科恩的赞助商查尔斯·雷夫森 (Charles Revson) 打来电话。
MARK GOODSON, Producer: So I told Lou I felt that it was an interesting idea in theory, but, I said, "In practice, I don't think that little people, average people are ever going to reach for those high stakes and risk your money or they're going to fail along the way.
马克·古德森，制片人：所以我告诉卢，我觉得这在理论上是一个有趣的想法，但是，我说，“在实践中，我不认为小人物、普通人会去追求那些高风险并拿你的钱冒险，否则他们会一路失败。
He said, "I don't think you're right." I said, "Lou, the only way this show is going to work is if it's rigged, if you fix it.
他说：“我不认为你是对的。”我说，“卢，这个节目要成功的唯一方法就是它被操纵，如果你修复它。
NARRATOR: Lou Cowan disagreed that the show would have to be rigged, but after the program's initial success and the departure of Cowan, the producers began to feel enormous pressures from tile sponsors and the subtle process of manipulating contestants would soon begin.
旁白：卢·考恩（Lou Cowan）不同意该节目必须被操纵，但在节目取得初步成功和考恩离开后，制片人开始感受到来自赞助商的巨大压力，操纵参赛者的微妙过程很快就会开始。
HAL MARCH: Good night, everybody.
哈尔·马奇： 大家晚安。
NARRATOR: Producer Mark Goodson happened to be in the show's production office when a call came from tile sponsor, Charles Revson.
旁白：当瓷砖赞助商查尔斯·雷夫森打来电话时，制片人马克·古德森恰好在节目的制作办公室里。
Mr. GOODSON: And somebody came in and said he had a call from Charlie Revson, he had to leave the meeting.
古德森先生：有人进来说他接到查理·雷夫森 (Charlie Revson) 的电话，他必须离开会议。
And when he came back, he said, "Listen, that's Charlie.
当他回来时，他说：“听着，那是查理。
Charlie wants--" he said, "He thinks the Lincoln expert is boring.
查理想要——”他说，“他认为林肯专家很无聊。
He wants you to stiff him." I remember that line- "He thinks the Lincoln expert is boring, he wants you to stiff him." MERTON KOPLIN, Producer, "The $64,000 Question": And we'd sit in the sponsor's meetings and they would say, "Well, that one-- that one's got to go on to $64,000," or "I don't like that one, let's get rid of him." Mr. GOODSON: And then, quite clearly, what they would do is take that man aside and ask him 200 questions in his own field.
他想让你僵硬他。”我记得那句话——“他认为林肯专家很无聊，他想让你僵住他。”默顿·科普林，制片人，《64,000 美元的问题》：我们坐在赞助商的会议上，他们会说，“好吧，那个人——那个人必须继续到 64,000 美元”，或者“我不喜欢那个人，让我们摆脱他吧。”古德森先生：然后，很明显，他们会做的就是把那个人带到一边，问他 200 个他自己领域的问题。
And they would examine his answers and they would then know what he knew.
他们会检查他的答案，然后他们就会知道他知道什么。
Mr. KOPLIN: You knew you could ask some questions anywhere in that area.
科普林先生：您知道您可以在该领域的任何地方提出一些问题。
You didn't have to sit down with them and say, "All right, now if I ask you this, you're answer is that." You knew that their answer would be this.
你不必和他们坐下来说：“好吧，现在如果我问你这个，你的答案就是那个。”你知道他们的答案会是这样的。
Mr. GOODSON: It wouldn't surprise me that the people who were on The $64,000 Question or the The $64,000 Challenge, even, would deny that they had been given answers because the likelihood is they had not.
古德森先生：即使参加“64,000 美元问题”或“64,000 美元挑战”的人会否认他们已得到答案，我也不会感到惊讶，因为他们很可能没有得到答案。
It was simply that the producer knew what they knew and asked them what they had the answers to.
只是制片人知道他们知道什么，并询问他们有什么答案。
NARRATOR: Within months, Revlon cosmetics sales soared 200 percent while the sponsor kept a chart comparing contestants ratings with product sales.
旁白：几个月之内，露华浓化妆品销量猛增 200%，而赞助商则保留了一张图表，将参赛者评分与产品销量进行比较。
HAL MARCH: Please bear with us.
哈尔·马奇： 请耐心等待。
They're on the way.
他们正在路上。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
NARRATOR: Revson would always deny any involvement in rigging the program.
旁白：雷夫森始终否认参与操纵该计划。
At the weekly meetings, according to producers, Revson implied that popular contestants who drew large ratings should be kept on the show.
据制片人称，在每周的会议上，雷夫森暗示收视率高的受欢迎选手应该留在节目中。
A number of steps would be taken to hold onto popular contestants and to get rid of others.
将采取一系列措施留住受欢迎的参赛者并淘汰其他参赛者。
Psychologist Dr. Joyce Brothers is an example of an honest contestant the producers tried to manipulate unsuccessfully.
心理学家乔伊斯·兄弟博士就是制片人试图操纵但没有成功的诚实参赛者的一个例子。
Mr. FOX: Interesting story about how Joyce Brothers got on The $64,000 Question.
福克斯先生：关于乔伊斯兄弟如何参与“64,000 美元问题”的有趣故事。
She went down originally and presented herself as a psychologist and she had an expertise in something and I'm not sure I remember what it was, but it certainly wasn't boxing.
她最初下来并自称是一名心理学家，她在某方面拥有专业知识，我不确定我是否记得那是什么，但它肯定不是拳击。
And they said to her, "Well, you're wonderful as a personality, but we're looking for those dramatic juxtapositions, the Marine officer who is an expert cook, the shoemaker who knows about opera." Mr. KOPLIN: Before I turned her down, I said, "Lord, Joyce, you know, if it were something that you shouldn't know about, if it were football or if it were horse racing or for boxing." And she said, "Boxing?" Mr. FOX: And she started studying about boxing and she made herself into a boxing expert.
他们对她说：“好吧，你的个性很棒，但我们正在寻找那些戏剧性的并置，海军陆战队军官是一位专业厨师，鞋匠懂歌剧。”科普林先生：在拒绝她之前，我说：“主啊，乔伊斯，你知道，如果这是你不应该知道的事情，如果是足球、赛马或拳击。”她说：“拳击？”福克斯先生：她开始学习拳击，并让自己成为一名拳击专家。
She did not come on it as a boxing expert.
她并不是以拳击专家的身份出现的。
She invented herself as a boxing expert and she came on- she came back and said, "I'm a boxing expert.
她把自己塑造成一名拳击专家，然后她回来了并说：“我是一名拳击专家。
I'm a psychologist who knows about boxing." HAL MARCH: Bill, who is Revlon's next guest?
我是一名了解拳击的心理学家。”哈尔·马奇：比尔，露华浓的下一位客人是谁？
Mr. KOPLIN: She knew the heavyweights and she knew the welterweights and she knew it all.
科普林先生：她知道重量级拳手，她知道次中量级拳手，她知道一切。
ANNOUNCER: Here's our psychologist from New York City, whose category is boxing- Dr. Joyce Brothers!.
播音员：这是我们来自纽约市的心理学家，他的类别是拳击——乔伊斯兄弟博士！
Mr. FOX: And she was very popular, except perhaps with the sponsor.
福克斯先生：她很受欢迎，除了赞助商之外。
HAL MARCH: Doc, welcome back to the show.
哈尔·马奇：博士，欢迎回到节目。
Dr. BROTHERS: Thank you, Hal.
兄弟博士：谢谢你，哈尔。
Mr. KOPLIN: I had to face the "get rid of her, get rid of her" bit.
科普林先生：我不得不面对“摆脱她，摆脱她”的问题。
Dr. BROTHERS: I'm going on, Hal.
BROTHERS博士：我继续说，哈尔。
Mr. KOPLIN: She didn't fit in with their concept of what cosmetics were all about.
科普林先生：她不符合他们对化妆品的概念。
Mr. FOX: At about $16,000, they thought they would knock her off and this time, instead of asking her questions about boxers, they asked her a question about referees.
福克斯先生：大约 16,000 美元，他们认为他们会击倒她，这一次，他们没有问她有关拳击手的问题，而是问她有关裁判的问题。
HAL MARCH: What man refereed the comeback attempt of an exchamp against Jack Johnson at Reno, Nevada.
哈尔·马奇：内华达州里诺市一位前冠军对阵杰克·约翰逊的复出尝试是由哪个人裁判的。
Dr. BROTHERS: Tex Rickert.
兄弟博士：特克斯·里克特。
HAL MARCH: You're right for $16,000.
HAL MARCH： 16,000 美元是对的。
Mr. FOX: So she really rode that one to stardom and fame.
狐狸先生：所以她确实是靠着这辆车而成为明星和名声的。
NARRATOR: Joyce Brothers' career as a popular psychologist was launched by her frequent appearances on The $64,000 Question.
旁白：乔伊斯·兄弟 (Joyce Brothers) 作为一名受欢迎的心理学家的职业生涯始于她频繁出现在《64,000 美元的问题》中。
All the big winners became instant celebrities and household names.
所有的大赢家都成为名人和家喻户晓的人物。
For the first time, America's heroes were intellectuals or experts -- jockey Billy Pearson on art, Marine Captain McCutcheon on cooking -- every subject from the Bible to baseball.
美国的英雄第一次成为知识分子或专家——骑师比利·皮尔森（Billy Pearson）论艺术，海军上尉麦卡琴（McCutcheon）论烹饪——从圣经到棒球的各个学科。
Not only had the contestants become rich overnight, but they were also treated to a whirlwind of publicity tours, awards, endorsements and meetings with dignitaries.
参赛者不仅一夜暴富，还享受了一系列宣传、颁奖、代言和会见政要的待遇。
Traveler Gino Prato, whose category was opera, was brought to Italy for a special performance at la Scala and honored by an audience with the Pope.
旅行者吉诺·普拉托（Gino Prato）的类别是歌剧，被带到意大利斯卡拉歌剧院进行特别表演，并受到教皇观众的表彰。
After winning $64,000, spelling whiz Gloria Lockerman became a guests speaker at the Democratic National Convention.
赢得 64,000 美元后，拼写高手格洛丽亚·洛克曼 (Gloria Lockerman) 成为民主党全国代表大会的演讲嘉宾。
Baseball expert Myrtle Power was made a sports commentator on CBS.
棒球专家默特尔·鲍尔 (Myrtle Power) 被任命为哥伦比亚广播公司 (CBS) 的体育评论员。
Eleven-year-old stock market expert Lenny Ross was asked to open up the New York Stock Exchange.
十一岁的股票市场专家莱尼·罗斯被要求开放纽约证券交易所。
And with only an eighth-grade education, supply clerk Teddy Nadler, an expert on everything, won more money than any other contestant.
供应文员泰迪·纳德勒（Teddy Nadler）只有八年级的学历，但他是各方面的专家，赢得的奖金比其他任何参赛者都多。
It was a new kind of hero in America, a common person with the uncommon gift of knowledge.
这是美国的一种新型英雄，一个拥有不寻常知识天赋的普通人。
The producers and sponsor of The $64,000 Question went on to create a second quiz show.
价值 64,000 美元的问题的制作人和赞助商继续制作了第二个问答节目。
The new show would push the innovations of The $64,000 Question to a higher level of fantasy.
新节目将把《64,000 美元问题》的创新推向更高的幻想水平。
With The $64,000 Challenge, the spotlight would be on two isolation booths.
在 64,000 美元的挑战赛中，聚光灯将集中在两个隔离隔间上。
ANNOUNCER: On The $64,000 Challenge, presented by Revlon.
播音员：关于露华浓 (Revlon) 提出的 64,000 美元挑战赛。
NARRATOR: Revlon had now become the sponsor of the two top-rated shows on television.
旁白：露华浓现已成为两部收视率最高的电视节目的赞助商。
WOMAN: And remember, if it's the finest of its kind, it's by Revlon.
女士：请记住，如果它是同类产品中最好的，那一定是露华浓的。
Mr. FOX: As a matter of fact, $64,000 Challenge was invented to take advantage of the stardom of $64,000 Question.
福克斯先生：事实上，64,000 美元挑战赛的发明就是为了利用 64,000 美元问题的明星效应。
Here Question had spent all this time making these people stars and then, they were just -- there was nothing to be done with them and that didn't sit right.
Question花了这么多时间让这些人成为明星，然后，他们只是——对他们无能为力，这不对劲。
So they said, "Well, wait a minute.
所以他们说：“好吧，等一下。
If we bring them back and have them challenged, then we have a second crack at them." Hence $64,000 Challenge.
如果我们把他们带回来并接受挑战，那么我们就会对他们进行第二次攻击。”因此，挑战赛为 64,000 美元。
It was a way of merchandising, if you will, and profiting from what happened on Question.
如果你愿意的话，这是一种推销方式，并从 Question 发生的事情中获利。
Now, when Challenge went on the air, it was Sunday night at 10, live.
现在，当《挑战》节目播出时，时间是周日晚上 10 点。
And it was a much awaited event, of course, and a much sought-after hosting job.
当然，这是一场备受期待的活动，也是一份备受追捧的主持工作。
ANNOUNCER: "The $64,000 Challenge" And now, the star of our show, where challenger meets champion, with $64,000 at stake, Sonny Fox!
播音员：“64,000 美元的挑战” 现在，我们节目的明星，挑战者与冠军相遇，赌注为 64,000 美元，Sonny Fox！
Mr. FOX: After I did the pilot, we went out to dinner and Charles Revson, representative of Revlon who was the chief sponsor at that time along with Kent of the program, said, "We may have to change your name because nobody will believe a man named 'Sonny' who's giving away all that money." And I think I said something like, "Well, for the money you're prepared to pay me, you can call me anything you want." Anyway, the first night of $64,000 Challenge, the announcer said, "And here is your host, Bill Fox," and I stood there for a moment until somebody said, "That's you." ["The $64,000 Challenge"] Thank you very much.
福克斯先生：我完成试播后，我们出去吃晚饭，当时露华浓代表查尔斯·雷夫森（Charles Revson）和肯特一起是该项目的主要赞助商，他说：“我们可能不得不更改你的名字，因为没有人会相信一个名叫“桑尼”的人会捐出所有的钱。”我想我说过这样的话：“好吧，对于你准备付给我的钱，你可以随意称呼我。”不管怎样，在 64,000 美元挑战赛的第一个晚上，播音员说：“这是你们的主持人，比尔·福克斯”，我在那里站了一会儿，直到有人说：“那就是你。” [“64,000 美元挑战”] 非常感谢。
Good evening and good welcome- good evening and welcome.
晚上好，欢迎光临-晚上好，欢迎光临。
Mr. CATES: Sonny was not at his best doing this.
凯茨先生：桑尼做这件事时并没有处于最佳状态。
It was alien to him.
这对他来说很陌生。
What happened was intelligent, bright, funny, wonderful Sonny Fox in person, when he came onscreen became a bumbler.
所发生的事情是聪明、聪明、有趣、出色的桑尼·福克斯本人，当他出现在银幕上时，他变成了一个笨手笨脚的人。
He became a bumbler and a fumbler and he made mistakes.
他变得笨手笨脚，犯了错误。
Mr. FOX: "The $64,000 Challenge" Incidentally, you're cooking a cooking a book- I mean, you're making a cookbook and- I'm stewing over it anyhow.
福克斯先生：“64,000 美元的挑战” 顺便说一句，你正在写一本烹饪书——我的意思是，你正在写一本烹饪书——而且——无论如何，我正在为它烦恼。
Mr. CATES: He misheard.
凯茨先生：他听错了。
He called questions correct that were not correct and in an effort to help him, on the -- I don't know when, the fourth or fifth week, we actually put an authority up on stage so that he could refer to that authority and say, "Is it correct," et cetera.
他把不正确的问题称为正确的，为了帮助他，我不知道什么时候，第四周或第五周，我们实际上把一个权威放在台上，这样他就可以参考该权威并说，“它是正确的吗？”等等。
Mr. FOX: I left the show- [laughs] I didn't leave the show, I was fired.
福克斯先生：我离开了节目——[笑]我没有离开节目，我被解雇了。
Let's face it, I was fired because I did have a predilection for asking the answers.
让我们面对现实吧，我被解雇是因为我确实喜欢寻求答案。
ANNOUNCER: "The $64,000 Challenge" And now, the star of our show, where challenger meets champion, Ralph Story.
播音员：“64,000 美元的挑战” 现在，我们节目的主角是挑战者与冠军拉尔夫·斯托里 (Ralph Story)。
NARRATOR: The $64,000 Challenge moved beyond subtle manipulation.
旁白：64,000 美元的挑战不仅仅是微妙的操纵。
Even the host was unaware that this new show would take the first step towards outright fraud.
连主持人都没有意识到，这个新节目将向彻头彻尾的欺诈迈出第一步。
RALPH STORY Host, "The $64,000 Challenge": I think our show has real punch in it tonight so let's get going.
RALPH STORY 主持人，“64,000 美元的挑战”：我认为今晚我们的节目很有冲击力，所以让我们开始吧。
NARRATOR: Some contestants such as the Reverend Stoney Jackson were indirectly given answers in advance without realizing it.
旁白：有些参赛者，例如斯托尼·杰克逊牧师，在没有意识到的情况下，就已经间接地提前得到了答案。
Jackson didn't know he had been briefed until he was on the air.
直到节目播出后，杰克逊才知道自己已收到简报。
The Reverend Jackson, a now-destitute Colorado preacher, won $4,000 on The $64,000 Challenge by answering questions about "the world's great lovers." Rev.
杰克逊牧师是一位现在一贫如洗的科罗拉多州传教士，他在 64,000 美元挑战赛中通过回答有关“世界上伟大恋人”的问题赢得了 4,000 美元。牧师。
STONEY JACKSON, Contestant, "The $64,000 Question": I came to New York for the Challenge.
STONEY JACKSON，“64,000 美元问题”参赛者：我来到纽约参加挑战赛。
They had a producer, her name was Shirley Bernstein.
他们有一位制片人，她的名字叫雪莉·伯恩斯坦。
She was the sister of the late Leonard Bernstein.
她是已故伦纳德·伯恩斯坦的妹妹。
When I was in the office, she looked at me and said, "Do you know who wrote a poem similar to Marlowe's on Hero and Leander?" I said, "No, I do not." As I walked out of the office, she yelled at me, "It was Thomas Hood." In that booth, I was totally surprised when the question turned out to be Thomas Hood.
当我在办公室时，她看着我说：“你知道谁写了一首类似于马洛关于希罗和利安德的诗吗？”我说：“不，我不。”当我走出办公室时，她对我大喊：“是托马斯·胡德。”在那个摊位上，当提问者是托马斯·胡德时，我感到非常惊讶。
There was the temptation to say to Ralph Story, "I know the answer to this because Shirley Bernstein gave it to me." It was a con game, that's all -- a scam from start to finish.
我很想对拉尔夫·斯托里说：“我知道这个问题的答案，因为雪莉·伯恩斯坦给了我这个答案。”这只是一场骗局，仅此而已——从头到尾都是一场骗局。
Well, I was furious about the whole thing.
好吧，我对整件事感到愤怒。
I refused to take the check at the time.
我当时拒绝接受支票。
I contacted Time magazine, The New York Times -- they didn't want to talk to me.
我联系了《时代》杂志和《纽约时报》——他们不想和我说话。
The consensus of most everyone I knew was, "Why knock it?
我认识的大多数人的共识是：“为什么要敲门呢？
Makes no difference.
没有什么区别。
You can put on a good show.
你可以上演一出好戏。
You can help yourself.
你可以帮助自己。
You can help those with whom you're associated, let them be proud of you and never mind the fact that there was any fraud involved.
您可以帮助那些与您有联系的人，让他们为您感到自豪，而不必介意其中涉及任何欺诈行为。
Who cares?" ANNOUNCER: "Tic, Tac, Dough"- and here is your host, Jay Jackson.
谁在乎呢？”播音员：“Tic，Tac，Dough”——主持人杰伊·杰克逊来了。
NARRATOR: More and more producers copied the quiz-show formula.
旁白：越来越多的制片人效仿了问答节目的模式。
Newspapers and magazines began to publish weekly tallies of quiz-show winnings as if they were the latest baseball scores.
报纸和杂志开始每周公布智力竞赛的获胜结果，就好像它们是最新的棒球比分一样。
Mr. GOODSON: In that period of time, say, in the 50's, there was a tremendous proliferation of games.
GOODSON 先生：在那段时期，比如说 50 年代，游戏数量激增。
People think there are a lot of game shows on the air today -- it's not true.
人们认为现在有很多游戏节目在播出——但事实并非如此。
There must have been 30 on the air in the 50's.
20世纪50年代肯定有30个节目在播出。
ANNOUNCER: This is Eddie Hodges, a 10-year-old schoolboy and here is his partner, Major John Glenn, Junior, the Marine Corps jet pilot.
播音员：我是埃迪·霍奇斯，一名 10 岁的男学生，这是他的搭档、海军陆战队喷气机飞行员、少年约翰·格伦少校。
RICHARD N.
理查德·N.
GOODWIN, Congressional Investigator: Well, the quiz shows in the 1950's were probably the biggest thing that ever hit television.
古德温，国会调查员：嗯，20 世纪 50 年代的智力问答节目可能是电视史上最盛大的节目。
I mean, 60 percent of the entire country are watching quiz shows.
我的意思是，全国 60% 的人都在观看智力问答节目。
At one time, the top five rated shows on television, all of them were quiz shows.
曾几何时，电视收视率排名前五的节目，全部都是智力问答节目。
ANNOUNCER: "The Big Surprise" -- and here's your $100,000 host, Mike Wallace.
播音员：“大惊喜”——这是您的 100,000 美元主持人，迈克·华莱士。
Mr. GOODWIN: I think we have to realize that $100,000 in the late 50's -- $100,000 was the equivalent of somebody going on television today and winning, let's say, $600,000.
古德温先生：我认为我们必须认识到，在 50 年代末，100,000 美元相当于今天有人上电视赢得了 600,000 美元。
MIKE WALLACE, Host, "The Big Surprise": Who is our first Big Surprise star?
迈克·华莱士，《大惊喜》主持人：谁是我们的第一位大惊喜明星？
Mr. GOODWIN: So it's getting over a half a million dollars to appear, so it's not -- you know, we're talking about the transformation of people's lives monetarily, becoming almost millionaires.
古德温先生：所以它的出现已经超过了 50 万美元，所以它不是——你知道，我们谈论的是人们的金钱生活的转变，几乎成为百万富翁。
ANNOUNCER: Returning with $140,300 Mr. GOODWIN: But although the contestants made hundreds of thousands of dollars and the networks made millions of dollars and the sponsors made tens of millions of dollars and the producers were getting quite wealthy and all was right with the world MIKE WALLACE: -- with a group of youngsters, if you want -- I'm sorry.
播音员：带着 140,300 美元回来。 古德温先生：但是，尽管参赛者赚了数十万美元，电视网赚了数百万美元，赞助商赚了数千万美元，制片人也变得相当富有，世界一切都很好。 迈克·华莱士：——如果你愿意的话，还有一群年轻人——我很抱歉。
I took the tough question instead of the easy one.
我回答了一个棘手的问题，而不是简单的问题。
Here it is.
这里是。
NARRATOR: Twenty-One would take the ultimate step in quiz-show rigging.
旁白：二十一将在智力问答节目的操纵中迈出最后一步。
Most contestants were cast as though they were actors, every detail carefully orchestrated.
大多数参赛者都像演员一样被选角，每个细节都经过精心安排。
Contestants were now full partners in the deception.
参赛者现在成为了这场骗局的正式合伙人。
JACK BARRY, Host, "Twenty-One": America's number one tonic presents Twenty-One DANIEL ENRIGHT, Producer, "Twenty-One": Twenty-One, no question about it, was our mainstay.
JACK BARRY，《二十一》主持人：美国排名第一的补品呈现《二十一》 丹尼尔·恩莱特，《二十一》制片人：毫无疑问，《二十一》是我们的中流砥柱。
It was the most impactful [sic] show we've ever had.
这是我们举办过的最有影响力的[原文如此]节目。
The show went on the air in 1956 and we felt that it had such great quality and content to it that we would not have to rig it.
该节目于 1956 年播出，我们认为它的质量和内容都非常出色，因此我们无需对其进行操纵。
In fact, the first show of Twenty-One was not rigged and the first show of Twenty-One was a dismal failure.
事实上，《二十一》的第一场演出并没有被操纵，《二十一》的第一场演出是一次惨败。
It was just plain dull.
实在是太无聊了。
CONTESTANT, "Twenty-One": Blake JACK BARRY: I'm sorry -- Titian.
“二十一”参赛者： 布莱克·杰克·巴里： 对不起——提香。
I'm sorry, you don't score and that puts you right back to zero.
抱歉，你没有得分，这会让你的成绩归零。
What are we going to do with these two fellows?
我们要拿这两个家伙做什么呢？
This is supposed to be a quiz show.
这应该是一个问答节目。
It's turning out to be the greatest comedy show on the air.
事实证明，这是播出的最伟大的喜剧节目。
Mr. ENRIGHT: It lacked all drama, it lacked all suspense.
ENRIGHT先生：它缺乏所有的戏剧性，它缺乏所有的悬念。
And next morning, the sponsor called my partner, Jack Barry, and me and told us in no uncertain terms that he never wanted to see a repeat of what happened the previous night.
第二天早上，赞助商给我和我的搭档杰克·巴里打电话，毫不含糊地告诉我们，他不想看到前一天晚上发生的事情重演。
And from that moment on, we decided to rig Twenty-One.
从那一刻起，我们决定装备“二十一”。
ANNOUNCER: "Twenty-One" From Forest Hills, New York, Mr. Herbert Stempel Mr. ENRIGHT: Herb Stempel was a young man whom I had coached in his appearances on Twenty-One.
解说员：《二十一》来自纽约森林山的 Herbert Stempel 先生 ENRIGHT 先生：Herb Stempel 是一位年轻人，我在《二十一》中指导过他的表演。
When he applied to the show and he took the test, he scored a very, very high score.
当他申请节目并参加考试时，他得到了非常非常高的分数。
He was the type of contestant who could very well antagonize viewers.
他是那种很容易引起观众反感的选手。
You want the viewer to react emotionally to a contestant.
您希望观众对参赛者做出情感反应。
Whether he reacts favorably or negatively is really not that important.
他的反应是积极还是消极，其实并不那么重要。
The important thing is that he react.
重要的是他有反应。
He should watch a contestant, hoping that the contestant will win or he should watch the contestant, hoping the contestant will lose.
他应该观看一名参赛者，希望该参赛者获胜，或者他应该观看该参赛者，希望该参赛者失败。
And Herb, I felt, was the type of personality who instilled the latter.
我认为，赫伯就是灌输后者的那种性格。
Viewers would watch him and pray for his opponent to win.
观众会观看他并祈祷他的对手获胜。
HERBERT STEMPEL, Contestant, "Twenty-One": One afternoon, I received a letter and it said, "We'd like you to take our test." It was a 3-1/2-hour test, very, very difficult, with about 100 different categories and I was told that I would be contacted.
赫伯特·斯坦普尔，《二十一》参赛者：一天下午，我收到一封信，上面写着：“我们希望你参加我们的测试。”这是一个 3-1/2 小时的测试，非常非常困难，大约有 100 个不同的类别，我被告知他们会联系我。
Dan Enright, the producer, called me on the phone.
制片人丹·恩赖特给我打电话。
He said he'd like to see me right away.
他说他想马上见我。
He came up to the apartment and then, all of a sudden, he leaned back in the sofa and said, "How would you like to make $25,000?" I said to him, "Who wouldn't want to make $25,000?" And he said to something, in essence, which was like, "Play ball and we'll make sure you make $25,000." I said, "Fine, what do I have to do?" he says, "First of all," he says, "you're going to be on the program tomorrow night." JACK BARRY: "Twenty-One" How do you -- 'cause you have to take care of them.
他来到公寓，突然靠在沙发上说道：“你想赚 25,000 美元吗？”我对他说：“谁不想赚 25,000 美元呢？”他说的实质上就像是，“打球吧，我们会确保你赚到 25,000 美元。”我说：“好吧，我该怎么办？”他说，“首先，”他说，“你将参加明天晚上的节目。”杰克·巴里：“二十一”你好吗——因为你必须照顾他们。
How do you manage to support yourself and your family?
您如何养活自己和家人？
Mr. STEMPEL: Well, I get $160 a month from the G.I.
斯坦普尔先生：嗯，我每个月从 G.I. 那里得到 160 美元。
Bill of Rights and the Veterans Administration.
权利法案和退伍军人管理局。
[interview] The whole idea was to make me appear like an ex-G.I.
[采访]整个想法是让我看起来像一个前退伍军人。
working his way through college.
努力读完大学。
The reason I had been asked to put on this old, ill-fitting suit and get this Marine-type haircut was to make me appear as what you would call today, a nerd, a square.
我被要求穿上这身旧的、不合身的西装，剪一个海军陆战队式的发型，是为了让我看起来像你们今天所说的，一个书呆子，一个方形的。
JACK BARRY: Well, it's a very personal question to ask and it sounds very, very rough, what you do.
杰克·巴里：嗯，这是一个非常个人化的问题，而且听起来非常非常粗糙，你所做的事情。
Mr. STEMPEL: Well, things are not so good, but [interview] I was never to call the Master of Ceremonies, Jack Barry, "Jack." I was always to call him "Mr. Barry" and be very, very humble and very sheepish.
斯坦普尔先生：嗯，情况不太好，但是[采访]我从来没有称司仪杰克·巴里为“杰克”。我总是称他为“巴里先生”，并且非常非常谦虚，非常羞怯。
On the first program I was on, I was on for approximately four minutes and I won approximately $9,000.
在我参加的第一个节目中，我参加了大约四分钟，并赢得了大约 9,000 美元。
I had never had that much money in my life and I was absolutely flabbergasted.
我一生中从未有过那么多钱，我完全惊呆了。
JACK BARRY: If either of you want to stop the game, you must tell me so right now.
JACK BARRY：如果你们中的任何一个想停止比赛，就必须现在就告诉我。
Mr. STEMPEL: I'll stop.
STEMPEL 先生： 我会停下来。
JACK BARRY: Then you win $9,000.
杰克·巴里：那么你就赢了 9,000 美元。
Mr. STEMPEL: And I went home and said to my wife, "Gee, this is the easiest money I ever made in my life." JACK BARRY: Awfully sorry, Mr. Peloubet.
斯坦普尔先生：我回到家对我的妻子说：“天哪，这是我一生中赚到的最容易的钱。”杰克·巴里： 非常抱歉，佩卢贝特先生。
Mr. PELOUBET, Contestant: Congratulations.
参赛者 PELOUBET 先生：恭喜。
JACK BARRY: You just won $9,000 Mr. STEMPEL: I used to go down to Enright's office every Wednesday afternoon before the show.
JACK BARRY：你刚刚赢得了 9,000 美元。 STEMPEL 先生：我以前每周三下午在演出前都会去 Enright 的办公室。
Ann Enright would pull out cards with the questions and answers that would be used that evening.
安·恩莱特会拿出卡片，上面写着当晚要使用的问题和答案。
I ran through them, he would instruct me when to pause, when to mop my brow.
我浏览它们，他会指导我什么时候停下来，什么时候擦我的额头。
Everything was very carefully choreographed.
一切都经过精心设计。
JACK BARRY: How many do you want to try for?
杰克·巴里：你想尝试多少？
Mr. STEMPEL: I'll try 11.
STEMPEL 先生：我会尝试 11。
[interview] The hardest part of the show was not remembering the answers or knowing the answers, but, rather, remembering, "Mop your brow twice, count to ten," and "Breath heavily." This was the hardest part of the show was remembering the stage directions which Enright had choreographed.
[采访]节目中最难的部分不是记住答案或知道答案，而是记住“擦两次眉毛，数到十”和“深呼吸”。这是演出中最难的部分，就是记住恩莱特编排的舞台方向。
Mr. ENRIGHT: We often turned off the air conditioning in the isolation booths so that they would start to perspire and we did coach them in terms of what dramatic pauses to take, when to ask, to have a question repeated, when to miss a question and sometimes, he would deliberately miss a question in order to heighten the drama of the moment.
恩莱特先生：我们经常关掉隔离间的空调，这样他们就会开始出汗，我们确实指导他们如何戏剧性地停顿、何时提问、重复问题、何时错过问题，有时，他会故意错过一个问题，以增强当时的戏剧性。
JACK BARRY: Mr. Stempel, can you come back here next week, meet your next opponent and tell us whether you want to -- Mr. STEMPEL: As weeks went by, people began to recognize me more and more.
杰克·巴里：斯坦普尔先生，你能不能下周回到这里，见见你的下一个对手，并告诉我们你是否愿意—— 斯坦普尔先生：随着时间的推移，人们开始越来越认识我。
I got more and more fan mail.
我收到越来越多的粉丝来信。
My classmates at college were very proud of me.
我大学的同学都为我感到骄傲。
My professors were proud of me.
我的教授们为我感到骄傲。
I just couldn't hold this inside of me, though, because I was overjoyed about being a celebrity, winning and so forth.
但我就是无法将这种感觉藏在心里，因为我为成为名人、获胜等等而感到欣喜若狂。
I was overwhelmed.
我不知所措。
JACK BARRY: I'm Jack Barry.
杰克·巴里：我是杰克·巴里。
For six weeks, here on Twenty-One, a 29-year-old G.I.
在《二十一号》的六个星期里，一名 29 岁的大兵在
college student, Herbert Stempel, has successfully beaten all of his opponents and has run his winnings up to $69,500.
大学生 Herbert Stempel 成功击败了所有对手，赢得的奖金高达 69,500 美元。
Mr. STEMPEL: Then, Dan Enright said to me, "You know, Herb, you're not going to get all the money that you've won so far or are going to win." I said, "What?
斯坦普尔先生：然后，丹·恩赖特对我说：“你知道，赫伯，你不会得到迄今为止赢得或将要赢得的所有奖金。”我说：“什么？
What do you mean?" He says, "No," he says, "We have to look out for ourselves, so I have a paper here which you're going to have to sign." I realized that if I didn't sign, I might not find myself on the program too much longer, so I decided to sign.
你什么意思？”他说，“不，”他说，“我们必须照顾好自己，所以我这里有一份文件，你必须签署。”我意识到，如果我不签名，我可能不会在该计划中呆太久，所以我决定签名。
NARRATOR: Even though Stempel had agreed to accept less money, it didn't matter.
旁白：尽管斯坦普尔同意接受较少的钱，但这并不重要。
His ratings had begun to fall and he had to go.
他的收视率开始下降，他不得不离开。
A new contestant was moved into the challenger's booth to knock him off, a college instructor with a flair for acting who would become, by far, the most acclaimed of all quiz-show contestants.
一名新的参赛者被搬进挑战者的摊位来击败他，这位具有表演天赋的大学讲师后来成为迄今为止所有智力问答节目参赛者中最受欢迎的人。
Mr. ENRIGHT: He appeared on the show.
ENRIGHT先生：他出现在节目中。
Everybody responded to him positively.
大家都对他做出了积极的回应。
He was the kind of guy that you'd love to have your daughter married to -- attractive, likable, good sense of humor -- and he just captured everyone's imagination.
他是那种你想让你的女儿嫁给他的人——有吸引力、可爱、幽默感——他抓住了每个人的想象力。
His name was Charles Van Doren.
他的名字叫查尔斯·范·多伦。
CHARLES VAN DOREN, Contestant "Twenty-One": My father would know that.
查尔斯·范·多伦（CHARLES VAN DOREN），“二十一”选手：我父亲会知道这一点。
NARRATOR: His father was a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, his mother was a celebrated novelist, his uncle a respected American historian.
旁白：他的父亲是一位普利策奖获得者诗人，他的母亲是一位著名的小说家，他的叔叔是一位受人尊敬的美国历史学家。
Van Doren's erudition provided parents with a welcomed antidote to Elvis Presley at a time when Americans feared education was in decline.
在美国人担心教育衰退的时期，范多伦的博学为父母们提供了一剂受欢迎的埃尔维斯·普雷斯利的解药。
Charles Van Doren presented a portrait of elegant New England charm.
查尔斯·范·多伦 (Charles Van Doren) 展现了优雅的新英格兰魅力。
He and his family symbolized the ideals of integrity and intellectual achievement that seemed beyond reproach.
他和他的家人象征着正直和智力成就的理想，这似乎是无可非议的。
JACK BARRY: He teaches English at Columbia University.
杰克·巴里：他在哥伦比亚大学教英语。
He was a student at Cambridge University in England.
他是英国剑桥大学的学生。
He has written three books and is currently working -- Mr. ENRIGHT: And very soon, the viewers lined themselves up on the side of Van Doren.
他已经写了三本书，目前正在工作—— ENRIGHT 先生：很快，观众就站在范多伦一边。
He was a hero.
他是一个英雄。
JACK BARRY: Just out of curiosity, Mr. Van Doren, are you related in any way to Mark Van Doren up at Columbia University, the famous writer?
杰克·巴里：范·多伦先生，出于好奇，您与哥伦比亚大学的著名作家马克·范·多伦有什么关系吗？
CHARLES VAN DOREN: Yes, I am.
查尔斯·范·多伦：是的，我是。
He's my father.
他是我的父亲。
JACK BARRY: He is your father?
杰克·巴里：他是你的父亲？
CHARLES VAN DOREN: Yes.
查尔斯·范多伦：是的。
JACK BARRY: Well, the name Van Doren is a very well-known name.
杰克·巴里：嗯，范·多伦这个名字是一个非常知名的名字。
Are you related to any of the other well-known Van Dorens?
您与其他知名的范多伦斯有亲戚关系吗？
CHARLES VAN DOREN: Well, Dorothy Van Doren, the novelist and author of the recent A Country Wife, is my mother and Carl Van Doren, the biographer of Benjamin Franklin, the historian, is my uncle.
查尔斯·范·多伦：嗯，多萝西·范·多伦，小说家和最近出版的《乡村妻子》的作者，是我的母亲；卡尔·范·多伦，历史学家本杰明·富兰克林的传记作者，是我的叔叔。
JACK BARRY: Well, you have every reason in the world to be mighty proud of your name and your fa mily.
杰克·巴里：嗯，你完全有理由为你的名字和你的家人感到非常自豪。
Mr. ENRIGHT: The lines were clearly drawn.
ENRIGHT 先生：界限已经画得很清楚了。
There was the hero, there was the villain and everybody knew whom they were rooting for and whom they were rooting against.
有英雄，有恶棍，每个人都知道他们支持谁，反对谁。
JACK BARRY: What'll it be?
杰克·巴里：会是什么？
Mr. STEMPEL: I'll take a chance on that.
STEMPEL 先生：我会冒险一下。
JACK BARRY: You will take a chance?
杰克·巴里：你愿意冒险吗？
Mr. ENRIGHT: When Van Doren was approached to appear on the program and was also told that he would be coached, his first reaction was negative.
ENRIGHT先生：当范多伦被邀请出现在节目中并被告知他将接受教练时，他的第一反应是否定的。
He did not want to be part of it.
他不想成为其中的一部分。
And frankly, we induced him to do it by convincing him that it would help glamorize information, it would help glamorize intellectualism.
坦率地说，我们说服他这样做会有助于美化信息，有助于美化理智主义，从而诱导他这样做。
His name became synonymous with quiz shows and his impact was immediate.
他的名字成为智力问答节目的代名词，他的影响立竿见影。
We played the games between Van Doren and Stempel for quite a while, a series of ties and the drama grew and the tension rose.
我们在范多伦和斯坦普尔之间玩了很长一段时间，一系列的平局，戏剧性的发展，紧张的气氛加剧。
NARRATOR:.
旁白：。
Lines stretched around the studio as the ratings skyrocketed.
随着收视率的飙升，演播室周围排起了长队。
Tens of millions gathered in every part of the country to see if their new hero, Charles Van Doren, would beat Herb Stempel.
数以千万计的人聚集在全国各地，看看他们的新英雄查尔斯·范·多伦是否能击败赫伯·斯坦普尔。
Week after week, the drama and tension grew, as Enright wrote the final act.
一周又一周，当恩赖特写出最后一幕时，戏剧性和紧张感越来越大。
No one seemed to question what they saw.
似乎没有人质疑他们所看到的一切。
In the 1950's, seeing was believing.
在 20 世纪 50 年代，眼见为实。
Mr. ENRIGHT: And then, finally, at a particular moment, I told Herb Stempel that he was going to be losing that night to Charles Van Doren.
恩莱特先生：最后，在一个特定的时刻，我告诉赫伯·斯坦普尔，那天晚上他将输给查尔斯·范·多伦。
He asked me whether he could not for go the losing and whether he could not play against Van Doren clean and I said no and I reminded him he had given me his word that when I would ask him to lose, he would lose.
他问我是否不能放弃失败，是否不能干净利落地对阵范多伦，我说不，我提醒他，他已经向我保证，当我要求他输时，他就会输。
Mr. STEMPEL: I was absolutely taken aback.
斯坦普尔先生：我绝对大吃一惊。
I was shocked, I was horrified.
我很震惊，我很害怕。
All this celebrity business had gone to my head and I didn't want to lose.
所有这些名人生意都让我心烦意乱，我不想失去。
I felt that I wanted to play this game honestly, if necessary, to try to stay on and I was willing to take my chances.
我觉得我想诚实地玩这个游戏，如果有必要的话，我愿意尝试留下来，并且我愿意抓住机会。
But Enright said, "No, you cannot do it.
但恩莱特说：“不，你不能这么做。
We've decided and you're going to have to lose." JACK BARRY: Good evening.
我们已经决定了，你注定会输。”杰克·巴里：晚上好。
I'm Jack Barry.
我是杰克·巴里。
Tonight, here on Twenty-One, Herbert Stempel, our 29-year-old G.I.
今晚，在《二十一点》节目中，赫伯特·斯坦普尔（Herbert Stempel），我们的 29 岁大兵。
college student can win $111,500, the highest amount of money ever to be won on television.
大学生可以赢得 111,500 美元，这是有史以来在电视上赢得的最高奖金。
Mr. STEMPEL: On the day I was due to lose to Van Doren, I sat home, watching television in the morning.
斯坦普尔先生：在我预定输给范多伦的那天，我早上坐在家里看电视。
Every few minutes, an announcement would break in on WNBC, saying, "Is Herb Stempel going to win over $100,000 tonight?" And I said, "No, he's not going to win $100,000.
每隔几分钟，WNBC 就会插播一条公告：“赫伯·斯坦普尔今晚会赢得超过 10 万美元吗？”我说：“不，他不会赢得 10 万美元。
He's going to take a dive." CHARLES VAN DOREN: "Twenty-One" Catherine Howard.
他要去潜水。”查尔斯·范·多伦：“二十一”凯瑟琳·霍华德。
JACK BARRY: Right- and what happened to her?
杰克·巴里：是的——她怎么了？
CHARLES VAN DOREN: Yes, what happened to her?
查尔斯·范·多伦：是的，她怎么了？
Considering Henry VIII, he probably divorced her, but let's see- but he- he divorced his- did he behead Catherine Howard?
考虑到亨利八世，他可能和她离婚了，但是让我们看看——但是他——他和他离婚了——他斩首了凯瑟琳·霍华德吗？
JACK BARRY: He did.
杰克·巴里：他做到了。
You've got 18 points.
你有18分。
Mr. STEMPEL: One of those questions on the final night involved the 1955 Academy Award winner.
斯坦普尔先生：最后一晚的问题之一涉及 1955 年奥斯卡金像奖得主。
JACK BARRY: Herb Stempel, you have 16 points.
杰克·巴里：赫伯·斯坦普尔，你有 16 分。
The category is movies and movie stars.
该类别是电影和电影明星。
What motion picture won the Academy Award for 1955?
哪部电影荣获 1955 年奥斯卡金像奖？
Mr. STEMPEL: I knew that the answer was Marty, but Dan Enright specifically wanted me to miss that question.
斯坦普尔先生：我知道答案是马蒂，但丹·恩赖特特别希望我错过这个问题。
This hurt me very deeply because this was one of my favorite pictures of all times and I could never forget this.
这深深地伤害了我，因为这是我一直以来最喜欢的照片之一，我永远不会忘记它。
A few seconds before that as I was trying to come up with the answer, I could have changed my mind.
在那之前几秒钟，当我试图找出答案时，我可能会改变主意。
I could have said, "The answer is Marty, instead of On the Waterfront.
我本可以说，“答案是马蒂，而不是在海滨。
I would have won.
我本来会赢的。
There would have been no Charles Van Doren, no famous celebrity.
就不会有查尔斯·范·多伦，也不会有著名的名人。
Charles Van Doren would have gone back to teaching college and my whole life would have been changed.
查尔斯·范·多伦（Charles Van Doren）会回到大学教书，我的整个生活都会改变。
Mr. STEMPEL: On the Waterfront?
斯坦普尔先生：在海滨？
JACK BARRY: No. I'm sorry, the answer is Marty -- Marty.
杰克·巴里：不。抱歉，答案是马蒂——马蒂。
Mr. ENRIGHT: This man was taken from obscurity - he came from rather impoverished circumstances - taken from obscurity and then exposed to the light of celebrity, became for some six weeks a celebrity and then just as quickly was cast back into obscurity.
恩莱特先生：这个人出身于默默无闻——他来自相当贫困的环境——从默默无闻，然后暴露在名人的光芒下，成为名人大约六个星期，然后很快又回到默默无闻。
And we, at the time deluded ourselves into believing that what we were doing was not that wrong and I bear a tremendous guilt to Herb Stempel and I was sorry.
当时我们欺骗自己，相信我们所做的并没有那么错误，我对赫伯·斯坦普尔怀有巨大的愧疚，我很抱歉。
I should have been far more mindful and far more sensitive.
我应该更加细心、更加敏感。
JACK BARRY: If either of you want to stop the game, you must tell me so right now.
JACK BARRY：如果你们中的任何一个想停止比赛，就必须现在就告诉我。
CHARLES VAN DOREN: I'll stop.
查尔斯·范·多伦： 我会停下来。
JACK BARRY: Then you win $20,000.
杰克·巴里：那么你就赢了 20,000 美元。
Congratulations.
恭喜。
NARRATOR: The night Charles Van Doren beat Herb Stempel, about 15 million viewers applauded Van Doren's triumph.
旁白：查尔斯·范·多伦 (Charles Van Doren) 击败赫伯·斯坦普尔 (Herb Stempel) 的那晚，大约 1500 万观众为范·多伦的胜利鼓掌。
As the nation's new hero, "Charlie" made the cover of Time , a distinction never bestowed oil his illustrious father or uncle.
作为国家的新英雄，“查理”登上了《时代》杂志的封面，这是他杰出的父亲或叔叔从未获得过的殊荣。
Admiring Students at Columbia University where he taught English, put up signs directing visitors to "the smartest man in the world." He received thousands of letters a week, including hundreds of marriage proposals.
哥伦比亚大学教授英语的学生们十分钦佩他，他们张贴了标牌，引导游客找到“世界上最聪明的人”。他每周收到数千封信，其中包括数百封求婚信。
JACK BARRY: Charlie, incidentally, I've had a lot of questions about you, about whether or not you're married or single.
杰克·巴里：查理，顺便说一句，我有很多关于你的问题，关于你是否已婚或单身。
CHARLES VAN DOREN: I'm single.
查尔斯·范·多伦：我单身。
JACK BARRY: You are, eh?
杰克·巴里：你是，嗯？
Are you in the market, so to speak?
可以这么说，你在市场上吗？
CHARLES VAN DOREN: Well, I don't know if you'd put it so commercially.
查尔斯·范·多伦：嗯，我不知道你是否会这么商业化地表述它。
I'm in the market, yes.
我在市场上，是的。
NARRATOR: He signed a $50,000-a-year contract to become a host of The Today Show and gave personal interviews to some 500 reporters.
旁白：他签订了一份每年 5 万美元的合同，成为《今日秀》的主持人，并对大约 500 名记者进行了个人采访。
As book, lecture and movie offers were waved in Van Doren's face, a resentful Herb Stempel would never forget how he had faded into the shadow of Van Doren's celebrity.
当书籍、讲座和电影的邀请在范多伦面前挥舞时，心怀怨恨的赫伯·斯坦普尔永远不会忘记他是如何消失在范多伦名人的阴影中的。
Mr. STEMPEL: That evening, as had been rehearsed, I took my dive and left the program.
斯坦普尔先生：那天晚上，正如排练的那样，我跳水并离开了节目。
As I walked backstage, two technicians were talking and one said to the other one, "At least, we finally have a clean-cut intellectual on this program, not a freak with a sponge memory." I was appalled.
当我走到后台时，两名技术人员正在交谈，其中一名技术人员对另一名技术人员说：“至少，我们终于在这个程序上有了一个清晰的知识分子，而不是一个具有海绵记忆的怪胎。”我很震惊。
I was hurt, as if somebody had taken a knife and shoved it right into me.
我很受伤，就像有人拿了一把刀直接插到我身上一样。
Mr. ENRIGHT: There was always a fear -- there was always a fear lurking that somehow the story would be exposed, that we would be revealed and that kept gnawing at us.
恩莱特先生：总是有一种恐惧——总是有一种恐惧潜伏着，担心故事会以某种方式曝光，我们会被揭露，这种恐惧一直困扰着我们。
But after a while, you rationalize that by thinking to yourself, "What contestant would reveal that he played a part in a rigging?" And certainly, we would not reveal that.
但过了一段时间，你就会通过自己的思考来合理化这一点：“哪位参赛者会透露他参与了操纵？”当然，我们不会透露这一点。
We never took into account a contestant might reveal his role in rigging because he might be subjected to such trauma and such hurt that it would overcome whatever reluctance he had to tell the truth.
我们从未考虑到参赛者可能会透露他在操纵中的角色，因为他可能会受到如此大的创伤和伤害，以至于克服了他不得不说实话的不情愿。
Mr. STEMPEL: I first contacted Jack O'Brian, who was a columnist for the Journal-American on -- who covered television and I told him the story.
斯坦普尔先生：我首先联系了杰克·奥布莱恩，他是《美国日报》的专栏作家，负责电视报道，我告诉了他这个故事。
He believed me, but he didn't want to -- he printed little tidbits in his column once in a while about different things, but he would never come out directly and accuse them of perpetrating a hoax on the people.
他相信我，但他不愿意——他偶尔在专栏里发表一些关于不同事情的小花絮，但他永远不会直接站出来指责他们对人民进行骗局。
JACK O'BRIAN, Syndicated Columnist: Ultimately, one day, I get a phone call for the Journal-American and the chief operator said that there was a fellow named Herb Stempel who wanted to talk to me, so he talked to me for four hours.
杰克·奥布莱恩（JACK O'BRIAN），联合专栏作家：最终，有一天，我接到《美国日报》的电话，总接线员说有一个名叫赫伯·斯坦普尔（Herb Stempel）的人想和我说话，所以他和我聊了四个小时。
At first, I thought it might be a crank, I thought it might be a phony, but everything hung together in his story.
起初，我认为这可能是一个怪人，我认为这可能是一个骗子，但他的故事中的一切都联系在一起。
Mr. ENRIGHT: And sure enough, within two days, I received a phone call from the newspaper, saying that they had been advised by a contestant who appeared on the show that the show was rigged.
恩莱特先生：果然，两天之内，我就接到了报社的电话，说节目中的一位参赛者告诉他们，节目被作弊了。
I asked them if that person was Herb Stempel and they said yes, it was.
我问他们那个人是不是赫伯·斯坦普尔，他们说是的。
Mr. O'BRIAN: And we could never get it printed in flat, factual terms because the lawyers for my newspaper syndicate wouldn't touch it until we had absolute proof.
奥布莱恩先生：我们永远无法以平淡、事实的方式将其印刷出来，因为在我们掌握绝对证据之前，我的报纸辛迪加的律师不会碰它。
Mr. STEMPEL It could not be printed because there was no real corroboration from anybody else who had been on the show.
斯坦普尔先生：它无法被打印，因为没有任何其他参加过节目的人的真正证实。
When the story finally did come out, it's because after a while, when the Dotto scandal broke, newspapers finally decided to print the story.
当这个故事最终被曝光时，是因为过了一段时间，当多托丑闻爆发时，报纸终于决定刊登这个故事。
ANNOUNCER: "Dotto"-- and here's the star of Dotto, Jack Narz.
播音员：“Dotto”——这是 Dotto 的明星 Jack Narz。
NARRATOR: Jack Narz, who was unaware of the rigging, became host of the show that would bring down all the big-money quiz shows and mark the end of an era.
旁白：杰克·纳兹（Jack Narz）对操纵行为一无所知，他成为了该节目的主持人，该节目推翻了所有高额问答节目并标志着一个时代的结束。
JACK NARZ, Host, "Dotto": Thank you, you're very kind, Welcome to Dotto, brought.
JACK NARZ，《Dotto》主持人：谢谢，你非常友善，欢迎来到 Dotto。
to you by Colgate toothpaste.
高露洁牙膏送给您。
Mr. NARZ: Now, the show that I did went on the air in 1958 and five weeks later, Dotto , the show, was the highest-rated daytime show in the history of television.
纳尔兹先生：现在，我制作的节目于 1958 年播出，五周后，《Dotto》节目成为电视史上收视率最高的日间节目。
Mr. NARZ: There we go.
纳尔兹先生：我们开始吧。
[interview] Fate is a strange thing, isn't it?
【采访】命运真是个奇怪的东西，不是吗？
A successful thing like that show, two million or more a week sending in postcards to the show, climbing to the heights, number one rating in nighttime -- millions and millions of people watching it, everything just sailing along fantastically well and then some guy opens up a notebook that's about that big and sees some answers and everything ends.
像那个节目一样成功的节目，每周有两百万或更多的人向节目寄明信片，攀登高峰，夜间收视率第一——数以百万计的人观看它，一切都进展得非常顺利，然后有人打开一本那么大的笔记本，看到一些答案，然后一切就结束了。
What happened on this show -- there was a standby contestant backstage, a fellow by the name of Hilgemeyer.
这个节目发生了什么事——后台有一个待命的参赛者，一个名叫希尔格迈耶的人。
In this dressing room that all the contestants shared, he saw this lady in a corner making notes in a notebook and keeping rather to herself.
在这个所有参赛者共用的更衣室里，他看到这位女士在角落里在笔记本上记着笔记，并且自己保留着。
Suddenly, somebody came in from the show and said, "You're on next," and I introduced her and she became a contestant on the show.
突然，有人从节目中走了进来，说：“下一个是你。”我介绍了她，她就成为了节目的参赛者。
ANNOUNCER: Dotto welcomes back our new champion from New York, Miss Marie Wynn and -- Mr. NARZ: I'm onstage now at this point out there, doing a show live.
播音员：Dotto 欢迎来自纽约的新冠军 Marie Wynn 小姐和 -- NARZ 先生：此刻我正在舞台上进行现场表演。
This fellow, who was a standby contestant, followed her out and stood in the wings.
这家伙是候补选手，跟在她身后，站在了侧翼。
He noticed that she was giving the answers rather smoothly.
他发现她回答得相当流畅。
MARIE WYNN, Contestant, "Dotto": The Cask of Amontillado.
MARIE WYNN，参赛者，“Dotto”：阿蒙蒂亚多木桶。
Mr. NARZ: You are right [interview] It looked too pat.
纳尔兹先生：你说得对[采访]它看起来太漂亮了。
He went back into the dressing room and there spotted this notebook that this lady had been writing in.
他回到更衣室，发现了这位女士一直在写的笔记本。
He opened it up and there were the answers in the notebook that she was giving to the questions onstage at that moment.
他打开它，笔记本上有她当时在台上提出的问题的答案。
Armed with the pages of the pages of the notebook, this standby contestant went to the press and told a newspaper reporter.
这位候补选手拿着笔记本的一页一页，来到新闻界，告诉报纸记者。
The reporter called CBS.
记者致电哥伦比亚广播公司。
CBS, I guess, decided to look at a kinescope of a show and they matched the answers on this sheet of paper to the answers that she gave on the show and I guess they were a little too pat and they decided, "Well, this looks like it's rigged," and they took the show off the air immediately.
我想，哥伦比亚广播公司决定看一个节目的录像，他们将这张纸上的答案与她在节目中给出的答案进行匹配，我猜他们有点太拍了，他们决定，“好吧，这看起来像是被操纵了”，然后他们立即停播了该节目。
That was the end of it.
事情就这样结束了。
NARRATOR: Dotto opened the floodgates.
旁白：多托打开了闸门。
Now, all the quiz shows were subject to investigation.
现在，所有智力问答节目都受到调查。
The shows fell like ten-pins in a bowling alley, one right after the other.
这些表演就像保龄球馆里的十瓶球一样，一个接一个地落下。
Ratings plummeted.
收视率直线下降。
The top-rated $64,000 Question dropped to 73rd place.
评分最高的 64,000 美元问题跌至第 73 位。
Rumors resurfaced about Twenty-One.
关于“二十一”的谣言再次浮出水面。
For the first time, Herb Stempel's charges would be taken seriously.
赫伯·斯坦普尔的指控第一次受到认真对待。
Mr. ENRIGHT: The investigation started by the District Attorney in 1958, I believe it was, in 1958.
ENRIGHT 先生：调查由地区检察官于 1958 年开始，我相信是在 1958 年。
It was started when Herb Stempel advised the newspapers that he had been rigged.
当赫伯·斯坦普尔告诉报纸他被操纵时，事情就开始了。
Mr. STEMPEL: I picked up a copy of a newspaper and read in there that District Attorney Hogan was planning to launch a probe about quiz shows.
斯坦普尔先生：我拿起一份报纸，读到地方检察官霍根正计划对智力问答节目展开调查。
This was after the Dotto scandal had broken.
这是在多托丑闻爆发之后。
And I went to a telephone booth - and I remember this as if it happened yesterday - made a call to the District Attorney's office and I was introduced to an Assistant District Attorney by.
我去了一个电话亭——我记得这件事就好像发生在昨天一样——给地方检察官办公室打了个电话，他把我介绍给了一位助理地方检察官。
the name of Joseph Stone.
约瑟夫·斯通的名字。
JOSEPH STONE, Assistant District Attorney, New York City: I interviewed Stempel over a period of about five days.
约瑟夫·斯通，纽约市助理地方检察官：我在大约五天的时间里采访了斯坦普尔。
It was very interesting because I really almost didn't have to keep notes of what Stempel told me.
这非常有趣，因为我几乎不需要记下 Stempel 告诉我的内容。
All I had to do was buy the newspaper and there was his story.
我所要做的就是买报纸，上面就有他的故事。
He had told the story to the Journal-American and they had complete notes of what he told them, so this is what they published.
他向《美国日报》讲述了这个故事，他们对他所讲述的内容有完整的记录，所以这就是他们发表的内容。
NARRATOR: The newspapers were filled with charges.
旁白：报纸上充满了指控。
The question that dominated the headlines for months was whether these charges could actually be proven by the District Attorney.
几个月来一直占据头条新闻的问题是，这些指控是否真的能够得到地方检察官的证实。
The producer of Twenty-One, Dan Enright, moved quickly to deny that any wrongdoing or fraud had taken place.
《二十一》的制片人丹·恩赖特迅速否认发生了任何不当行为或欺诈行为。
Enright went on a counterattack, suing the Journal-American and mounting a campaign to discredit Herb Stempel.
恩莱特发起反击，起诉《美国日报》，并发起抹黑赫伯·斯坦普尔的运动。
At a sensational press conference, Dan Enright played a secretly-made tape recording of a conversation he had with Herb Stempel.
在一场轰动一时的新闻发布会上，丹·恩莱特播放了一段他与赫伯·斯坦普尔谈话的秘密录音带。
This tape was presented to the press to demonstrate that Stempel was mentally unstable.
向媒体展示这盘磁带是为了证明斯坦普尔精神不稳定。
To further discredit Stempel, Enright also produced a letter that Stempel had signed at an earlier date, saying that Twenty-One was an honest program, that Barry and Enright were beyond reproach and that no rigging had taken place.
为了进一步抹黑斯坦普尔，恩莱特还出示了斯坦普尔早些时候签署的一封信，称《二十一》是一个诚实的节目，巴里和恩莱特无可非议，并且没有发生任何操纵行为。
Mr. STEMPEL: I was a damn fool to have signed such a thing, to have agreed to such a thing, but they again held out the prospects of jobs and money and this and that to me and I succumbed to that.
斯坦普尔先生：我真是个傻瓜，竟然签署了这样的协议，同意了这样的协议，但他们再次向我提出了就业和金钱以及这个那个的前景，我屈服于那个。
ROBERT LEWINE, Head of Programming, NBC: Dan Enright was the supervising producer of the show and I was the Head of Programming at NBC at the time of the scandal.
罗伯特·莱文 (ROBERT LEWINE)，NBC 节目主管：丹·恩莱特 (Dan Enright) 是该节目的监制，丑闻发生时我是 NBC 节目主管。
In the course of our investigation, Dan came to see me in my office at NBC and when I put it to him very bluntly, was he involved, was the show honest, Dan became quite upset, almost to the point of tears and denied that he had had any part in fixing the show.
在我们调查的过程中，丹到我在 NBC 的办公室来见我，当我非常直白地问他，他是否参与其中，节目是否诚实时，丹变得非常沮丧，几乎哭了，并否认他参与了操纵节目。
Mr. O'BRIAN: But as the investigation proceeded, I began to realize that there was some undercurrent.
奥布莱恩先生：但随着调查的进行，我开始意识到其中存在着一些暗流。
Someone was advising them not to tell the truth.
有人劝他们不要说实话。
NARRATOR: Not only did some of the producers lie to the grand jury, but they also had urged contestants to perjure themselves.
旁白：一些制片人不仅向大陪审团撒谎，还怂恿参赛者作伪证。
In lower Manhattan, the grand jury was convened for nine months and heard over 150 witnesses.
在曼哈顿下城，大陪审团召开了九个月，听取了 150 多名证人的证词。
A majority of them, about 100 contestants, lied under oath.
其中大多数（大约 100 名参赛者）在宣誓后撒了谎。
As a lone voice Herb Stempel continued telling the truth to anyone who would listen, but it was Stempel's word against everyone else.
赫伯·斯坦普尔以孤独的声音继续向任何愿意倾听的人讲述真相，但这是斯坦普尔针对其他所有人的言论。
There was still no corroborating evidence.
仍然没有确凿的证据。
Stempel's testimony to the D.A.
斯坦普尔向地方检察官提供的证词
and to the grand jury implied that Charles Van Doren was part of the fraud, but Van Doren, still the most acclaimed and respected of all the contestants, continued to insist that he and the show were honest.
并向大陪审团暗示查尔斯·范多伦是欺诈的一部分，但范多伦仍然是所有参赛者中最受欢迎和最受尊敬的人，他继续坚称他和节目是诚实的。
Of all those involved, the stakes were especially high for Van Doren.
在所有参与者中，范多伦的赌注尤其高。
No one wanted to believe that he was guilty.
没有人愿意相信他有罪。
Mr. GOODWIN: Everywhere he went, he was recognized, he was applauded.
古德温先生：无论他走到哪里，他都会受到认可，受到掌声。
The nuns in convents would pray for his success every week.
修道院里的修女们每周都会为他的成功祈祷。
And I don't think he had any concept, nor even the producer any concept of how big this was going to become.
我认为他没有任何概念，甚至制片人也没有任何概念这将变得有多大。
And he told me he felt he was in the middle of this huge bull ring with hundreds of thousands of people cheering him on and all he wanted to do was get out and he couldn't get out.
他告诉我，他感觉自己身处这个巨大的斗牛场中央，有数十万人为他加油，他只想出去，但他无法出去。
NARRATOR: Suddenly, to everyone's surprise, the grand jury testimony was scaled from the public by Judge Mitchell Schweitzer, an unprecedented move in New York State by a judge whose intentions are still not clear.
旁白：突然间，出乎所有人的意料，大陪审团的证词被米切尔·施韦策法官向公众公开，这是纽约州史无前例的举动，而这位法官的意图仍不清楚。
At the time, it was feared that the public might never learn what the grand jury had uncovered.
当时，人们担心公众可能永远不会知道大陪审团发现了什么。
Suspicious of a cover-up, Congress called an immediate investigation.
国会怀疑有人掩盖事实，要求立即展开调查。
Once just a trivial form of entertainment, quiz shows were now the subject of investigation at the highest level of government.
智力问答节目曾经只是一种微不足道的娱乐形式，现在却成为政府最高层调查的对象。
One of the early witnesses was child actress Patty Duke, who had appeared with another child contestant on The $64,000 Challenge.
早期的目击者之一是童星帕蒂·杜克 (Patty Duke)，她曾与另一名儿童参赛者一起出现在“64,000 美元挑战赛”中。
Mr. FOX: They coached Patty Duke in the answers.
福克斯先生：他们指导帕蒂·杜克回答问题。
That's when she was about 12.
那是她12岁左右的时候。
Three years later, she was about 15, she was summoned to testify and she was coached again and she went down and she testified.
三年后，她大约15岁，她被传唤作证，她再次接受教练，她倒下并作证。
And she lied until she was ready to step down when one of the avuncular senators looked at her and said, "Now, Patty, is everything you told us here today the truth?" At which point, she broke down and started to cry and said, "No." And they put her back on the stand and then she told the whole story.
她撒了谎，直到她准备下台时，一位长老的参议员看着她说：“现在，帕蒂，你今天在这里告诉我们的一切都是事实吗？”这时，她崩溃了，哭了起来，说：“不。”他们把她放回证人席上，然后她讲述了整个故事。
It was the most poignant and startling demonstration of how widespread and deep this sort of corruption had led us.
这是最令人心酸和令人震惊的证明，表明这种腐败对我们造成了多么广泛和深刻的影响。
NARRATOR: As the investigation was under way, the potential star witness, Charles Van Doren, now a host on The Today Show, was under pressure from NBC to testify, but to avoid the committee's subpoena, Van Doren went into hiding.
旁白：调查进行期间，潜在的明星证人、《今日秀》主持人查尔斯·范·多伦 (Charles Van Doren) 受到 NBC 的压力，要求他作证，但为了避免委员会的传票，范·多伦躲藏起来。
It was a relatively obscure Twenty-One contestant by the name of James Snodgrass who would finally provide indisputable supporting proof that Twenty-One had been rigged.
一位名叫詹姆斯·斯诺德格拉斯（James Snodgrass）的相对默默无闻的“二十一”参赛者最终提供了无可争议的支持证据，证明“二十一”被操纵了。
Snodgrass had documented every detail of the rigging in a series of registered letters he mailed to himself.
斯诺德格拉斯在他寄给自己的一系列挂号信中记录了操纵的每一个细节。
JAMES SNODGRASS, Contestant, "Twenty-One": I didn't think it was terribly wrong, but something told me that I had better cover my ass on this.
詹姆斯·斯诺德格拉斯（JAMES SNODGRASS），《二十一》参赛者：我不认为这有什么大错，但有件事告诉我，我最好在这件事上遮遮掩掩。
Before each show, I sent myself a registered letter with the questions, the answers and my instructions as to how to comport myself in the isolation booth.
每次演出前，我都会给自己发一封挂号信，其中包含问题、答案以及如何在隔离间表现的指示。
Eventually, these letters ended up before a House investigating committee.
最终，这些信件被提交给众议院调查委员会。
Now, there was proof that the show was fixed.
现在，有证据表明该节目已被修复。
They handed me the sealed registered letter that I had sent to myself and I was asked to open it and I read it.
他们把我寄给自己的密封挂号信递给我，让我打开并阅读。
[reading] "May 11, 1957- the following are questions for the first game on the television quiz program, Twenty- One.
[阅读]“1957 年 5 月 11 日——以下是电视问答节目《二十一》第一场比赛的问题。
Category: American literature, 11 points.
类别：美国文学，11分。
Identify the major American poets who wrote the following lines of poetry." Now, this was something that they were looking for.
找出写下以下诗行的主要美国诗人。”现在，这就是他们正在寻找的东西。
NARRATOR: One month after the hearings began, Charles Van Doren emerged from hiding to appear before a congressional committee.
旁白：听证会开始一个月后，查尔斯·范·多伦从躲藏处现身，出现在国会委员会面前。
Up until that moment, Van Doren had been unable to admit the truth to anyone, not to his lawyer, not even to his family.
在那之前，范多伦一直无法向任何人承认真相，包括他的律师，甚至他的家人。
CHARLES VAN DOREN: I said to the committee this morning that I was kind of like a child who refuses to admit a fact in the hope that it'll go away.
查尔斯·范·多伦：今天早上我对委员会说，我有点像一个拒绝承认事实的孩子，希望它会消失。
I got panic-stricken.
我惊慌失措。
I've been afraid for a long time.
我已经害怕了很长一段时间了。
I've been living in a kind of dread for three years - they've not been a happy three years - but I became almost panic-stricken then and I didn't act very well in the next week and so I just ran away.
我已经在一种恐惧中生活了三年——这三年并不快乐——但那时我几乎惊慌失措，接下来的一周我表现得不太好，所以我就逃跑了。
And my wife and I went up into New England and I drove aimlessly around from town to town, trying to reach some kind of peace with myself, trying to come to some conclusion.
我和妻子去了新英格兰，漫无目的地开车从一个城镇到另一个城镇，试图与自己达成某种平静，试图得出一些结论。
I was so deeply involved with my family, my friends, I loved them so much.
我和我的家人、朋友关系非常密切，我非常爱他们。
I could not bear to betray the faith that people had in me.
我无法忍受背叛人们对我的信任。
My father had been saying to me, "Tell the truth." He didn't know what it was.
父亲一直对我说：“说实话。”他不知道那是什么。
I don't think he really cared what it was.
我认为他并不真正关心那是什么。
It was just something that he knew was the right thing to do.
这只是他知道做正确的事情。
I made a very, very big mistake and I learned about making mistakes.
我犯了一个非常非常大的错误，并且我学会了犯错误。
I learned what you have to do when you make a mistake.
我学会了当你犯错时你必须做什么。
I've also learned a lot about life and about human nature, about a man's responsibility.
我还学到了很多关于生活、人性、男人责任的知识。
NARRATOR: Eventually, an anguished Charles Van Doren, one producer and 17 other contestants were formally charged, arrested and convicted of lying under oath to the New York grand jury.
旁白：最终，痛苦的查尔斯·范·多伦、一名制片人和其他 17 名参赛者因向纽约大陪审团宣誓撒谎而被正式指控、逮捕并被定罪。
All pleaded guilty.
所有人都认罪了。
All received suspended sentences.
所有人都被判处缓刑。
None served time in jail.
没有人入狱。
The District Attorney estimated that at least 100 others who testified with Van Doren -- two-thirds of all those who faced the grand jury -- had perjured themselves.
地区检察官估计，至少还有 100 名与范多伦一起作证的人——占所有面对大陪审团的人的三分之二——都作了伪证。
The television quiz show scandal had wide-ranging consequences.
电视问答节目丑闻产生了广泛的后果。
Quiz producers were unofficially blacklisted for years and forced out of television.
测验制作人多年来一直被列入非官方黑名单，并被迫退出电视节目。
Many contestants, in disgrace, hid from their past.
许多参赛者羞愧地隐藏了自己的过去。
Networks took control of programs away from the sponsors and federal regulations were enacted against broadcast fraud.
电视网从赞助商手中夺走了节目的控制权，并颁布了打击广播欺诈的联邦法规。
The scandal left us feeling betrayed.
这起丑闻让我们感到被出卖了。
Television had entered tens of millions of homes and lives in an era filled with trust and the violation of that trust chagned our view of a new medium in an age we still like to think of as innocent.
在一个充满信任的时代，电视已经进入了数以千万计的家庭和生活，而在我们仍然认为是无辜的时代，对这种信任的违反改变了我们对新媒体的看法。
"And here is your host, Bill Fox." I stood there for a moment until somebody said, "That's you."
“这是你们的主人，比尔·福克斯。”我在那里站了一会儿，直到有人说：“是你。”
The headline of this Los Angeles Times article reads "President Wants TV Scandals Cleaned Up." Published November 5, 1959.
《洛杉矶时报》这篇文章的标题是“总统希望清理电视丑闻”。 1959 年 11 月 5 日出版。
When Charles Van Doren faced these questions on the NBC quiz show "Twenty One," he held a hidden advantage.
当查尔斯·范·多伦 (Charles Van Doren) 在 NBC 问答节目“二十一”中面对这些问题时，他拥有一个隐藏的优势。
Timeline of 100 years of crime from 1896 to 1996.
从 1896 年到 1996 年的 100 年犯罪时间表。
Beginning in radio, Enright had worked with Jack Barry to create and produce a series of successful quiz shows.
恩赖特从广播开始，与杰克·巴里合作创作和制作了一系列成功的智力问答节目。
aAs the man who helped expose Charles Van Doren, the most famous quiz show contestant of all, Stempel earned a place in television history.
作为帮助揭露最著名的智力问答节目参赛者查尔斯·范·多伦的人，斯坦普尔在电视史上赢得了一席之地。
One sponsor clearly implicated was the cosmetics company, Revlon, operated by Charles Revson.
明显受到牵连的赞助商之一是查尔斯·雷夫森 (Charles Revson) 经营的化妆品公司露华浓 (Revlon)。
Perhaps no other figure involved in the television quiz shows of the 1950s had a more meteoric rise and fall than Charles Van Doren.
也许在 20 世纪 50 年代的电视智力竞赛节目中，没有哪个人物比查尔斯·范·多伦 (Charles Van Doren) 的起起落落更加迅速。
As television moved into millions of homes in the 1950s, the popular quiz shows followed.
20 世纪 50 年代，随着电视走进千家万户，流行的问答节目也随之而来。
The big-money quiz show that spawned a rash of copycats in the mid-1950s was none other than "The $64,000 Question."
在 20 世纪 50 年代中期，引发大量模仿者的大额问答节目正是“64,000 美元的问题”。
The true victims were not the contestants, Stone writes, many of whom made money, but the television viewers hoodwinked into believing that the fiction they were watching was actually real-life drama.
斯通写道，真正的受害者不是参赛者，他们中的许多人都赚了钱，但电视观众蒙蔽了双眼，相信他们正在观看的小说实际上是现实生活中的戏剧。