Poisoned Ground: The Tragedy at Love Canal

Residents: We want out.

居民：我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

We want out.

我们想出去。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: It was hard to believe.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：这很难相信。

This could not happen in the United States of America.

这不可能发生在美利坚合众国。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: People were talking about how they were ill, but nobody exactly knew why they were so ill or why so many people were so ill.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：人们在谈论他们是如何生病的，但没有人确切知道他们为什么病得这么严重，或者为什么这么多人病得这么严重。

Amy Hay, Historian: People had no idea they were living on top of 22,000 tons of toxic chemicals.

历史学家 Amy Hay：人们并不知道他们生活在 22,000 吨有毒化学品之上。

Jennifer Thomson, Historian: All of a sudden on a dime, everything blows up.

詹妮弗·汤姆森，历史学家：突然之间，一切都爆炸了。

More people are sick.

更多的人生病了。

There's, you know, black sludge coming into their homes.

你知道，黑色污泥进入了他们的家。

Richard Newman, Historian: Love Canal was the first chemical disaster to unfold before Americans’ eyes.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：拉夫运河是美国人眼前发生的第一起化学灾难。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: It's much worse than I even imagined.

住院医师路易斯·吉布斯 (Lois Gibbs)：情况比我想象的还要糟糕。

Certainly much worse than what the government is saying.

当然比政府所说的要糟糕得多。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: It really hit it home for us that at this point we're on our own.

Patti Grenzy，住院医师：这对我们来说确实很重要，此时我们只能靠自己了。

We have to make this happen.

我们必须让这一切发生。

They're not going to do it for us.

他们不会为我们做这件事。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: So, that spurred me to want to do something.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，住院医生：所以，这促使我想做点什么。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: I mean, the fight came to us we didn’t look for it.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：我的意思是，战斗降临到我们身上，我们并没有刻意去寻找。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: They looked at us as hysterical housewives and they figured, oh, well, they'll give up.

帕蒂·格伦齐（Patti Grenzy），住院医师：他们把我们视为歇斯底里的家庭主妇，他们认为，哦，好吧，他们会放弃。

They'll go back to their knitting and to their babies and this will blow over.

他们会回去编织、照顾孩子，一切都会过去。

But we were stronger than that.

但我们比那更强大。

Richard Newman, Historian: This incredible group of women become the faces of environmental reform.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：这群令人难以置信的女性成为环境改革的代言人。

But there was absolutely no roadmap.

但完全没有路线图。

Jennifer Thomson, Historian: The fear was it could happen to all of us, and the thing was it was happening to other people, in places throughout the country.

历史学家詹妮弗·汤姆森：我们担心这可能发生在我们所有人身上，而事实是这也发生在全国各地的其他人身上。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: I wasn't thinking about building a movement or anything like that.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：我并没有考虑发起一场运动或类似的事情。

I was thinking about survival.

我在考虑生存问题。

How do we get out of here?

我们怎样才能离开这里？

We need to do something and I don’t care what it takes.

我们需要做点什么，我不在乎需要做什么。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: It was just such a nice neighborhood.

居民芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby）：这是一个非常好的社区。

To a child, oh my goodness, we had fun there.

对于一个孩子来说，天哪，我们在那里玩得很开心。

A lot of times we would just be more near the school playing baseball or something, but we always ended up where what we called the Black Lagoon.

很多时候我们只是在学校附近打棒球什么的，但我们总是最终到达我们所谓的黑泻湖。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: On the surface, it had like an oily substance to it, like a green and a blue.

Patti Grenzy，居民：从表面上看，它有一种油状物质，像绿色和蓝色。

And if you, like, drop something into it, it would bubble up and sink.

如果你往里面扔一些东西，它就会冒泡并下沉。

So we called it quicksand.

所以我们称之为流沙。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: It was like a wonderland.

居民芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby）：这就像一个仙境。

We had these rocks that we called pop rocks, and we used to just slide them across and they would actually have a flame.

我们有这些被称为“流行岩石”的岩石，我们过去只需将它们滑过，它们实际上就会产生火焰。

It was like fire.

就像火一样。

And all I remember, my mother always yelled about our shoes.

我只记得，我妈妈总是因为我们的鞋子而大喊大叫。

This one time she had bought me new sneakers and I came home and she said, ‘What?

这一次她给我买了新​​运动鞋，我回到家，她说，‘什么？

It looks like your sneakers are burnt.

看起来你的运动鞋被烧焦了。

What happened to all the rubber around it?

周围的橡胶怎么了？

You're not getting new sneakers.

你不会得到新运动鞋。

What are you doing?’ ‘I'm just playing at the school.’ I mean, nobody went and investigated and said, why are these shoes burnt?

你在做什么？”“我只是在学校玩。”我的意思是，没有人去调查并说，为什么这些鞋子被烧毁了？

Lois Gibbs, Resident: I found the house on 101st Street, the one in the Love Canal neighborhood.

Lois Gibbs，居民：我在 101 街找到了这栋房子，位于拉夫运河附近。

It was starter homes for the most part.

大部分都是入门房。

And it was the perfect neighborhood from my perspective.

从我的角度来看，这是一个完美的社区。

It had the Niagara River to the south.

它的南面是尼亚加拉河。

To the north was a creek and the kids could go and walk along the creek and pick up pollywogs or, you know, it was just a cute little very shallow creek, good for children.

北面是一条小溪，孩子们可以沿着小溪散步，捡起蝌蚪，或者，你知道，这只是一条可爱的小溪，很浅，对孩子们来说很不错。

We moved in with Michael, who was one years-old by then, a healthy little boy, and then we had our little girl.

我们搬去和迈克尔住在一起，当时他已经一岁了，是一个健康的小男孩，然后我们有了我们的小女儿。

I really believed I achieved so much.

我真的相信我取得了这么多成就。

I had this house and a husband who was gainfully employed and these beautiful children.

我拥有这座房子、一个有报酬的工作的丈夫和这些漂亮的孩子。

You know everything seemed to be fine.

你知道一切似乎都很好。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: Love Canal was government subsidized.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：爱运河是政府资助的。

My husband wasn't making very much money and they made that a very tasty little deal to move into.

我丈夫赚的钱不多，但他们做了一笔非常可口的小买卖，让我搬进去。

We paid $135 a month to live in a brand new home, which was really unusual.

我们每月支付 135 美元住在一套全新的房子里，这真的很不寻常。

I wasn't going to question it.

我本来不想质疑的。

And so we felt quite lucky that we fell in at the right time.

所以我们感到非常幸运，我们在正确的时间陷入了困境。

Luella Kenny, Resident: I lived in Niagara Falls all my life.

Luella Kenny，居民：我一生都住在尼亚加拉大瀑布。

When I married, my husband was from Niagara Falls.

当我结婚时，我的丈夫来自尼亚加拉瀑布。

We had two boys and we saw this beautiful brick house in Love Canal with one acre of land all around it and it sat on a creek and it was just, it was just ideal and we were thinking, what a place to raise your children.

我们有两个男孩，我们在爱运河上看到了这座美丽的砖房，周围有一英亩的土地，它坐落在一条小溪上，它非常非常理想，我们在想，这是一个抚养孩子的好地方。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: I moved to the development called Griffon Manor.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：我搬到了名为 Griffon Manor 的开发项目。

It was a brand new housing project.

这是一个全新的住房项目。

A beautiful place.

一个美丽的地方。

Flowers, the grass was green.

花开了，草绿了。

There was like a little pond that the kids used to play in and had trees and all of that, and they would swing on the branches and what have you.

那里就像一个小池塘，孩子们过去常常在里面玩耍，那里有树等等，他们会在树枝上荡秋千，还有什么。

Carol Jones, Resident: We had a small yard in the front and in the back we would see, I'm going to call it water, but swamp land that just looked oily.

卡罗尔·琼斯，居民：我们前面有一个小院子，后面我们会看到，我称之为水，但沼泽地看起来很油腻。

At times It smelled like burnt rubber or a strong cleanser.

有时它闻起来像烧焦的橡胶或强力清洁剂。

It was just a foul, foul odor.

那只是一股恶臭、恶臭。

Often enough to choke you.

很多时候足以让你窒息。

But we didn't pay that any attention.

但我们没有对此给予任何关注。

It was normal to us to smell these smells.

闻到这些气味对我们来说是很正常的。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: People always knew when they were getting close to our home because we had this horrendous smell behind our house.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：人们总是知道他们何时接近我们家，因为我们的房子后面有这种可怕的气味。

Actually the whole neighborhood.

实际上是整个街区。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: If you were to drive down Buffalo Avenue where all the chemical industries were, you would smell that.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：如果你沿着布法罗大道行驶，那里有很多化工厂，你会闻到这种味道。

My dad worked in the Hooker Chemical.

我父亲在胡克化学公司工作。

That was the smell we had from our backyard.

那是我们后院传来的气味。

That's why it was real familiar.

这就是为什么它真的很熟悉。

It smelled like dad.

闻起来像爸爸。

Richard Newman, Historian: Niagara Falls in the 1970s is a place that is synonymous with chemicals.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：20世纪70年代的尼亚加拉大瀑布是化学品的代名词。

Richard Newman, Historian: Roughly ten different chemical companies that are situated along the banks of the Niagara River.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：尼亚加拉河沿岸大约有十家不同的化学公司。

Before you see the mist of Niagara Falls, you smell all of that chemical production.

在您看到尼亚加拉大瀑布的雾气之前，您会闻到所有化学产品的味道。

It permeates the car, it's in the air, it's thick.

它弥漫在汽车里，弥漫在空气中，很浓稠。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: Chemicals were a part of our life.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：化学品是我们生活的一部分。

You know, when we smelled chemicals, you smelled a good economy.

你知道，当我们闻到化学品的味道时，你就闻到了良好的经济气味。

You knew that you were going to be able to put food on a table, you're going to be able to pay your mortgage, you're going to be able to buy a new car someday.

你知道你将能够养家糊口，你将能够支付抵押贷款，有一天你将能够购买一辆新车。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: : I know, like, Union Carbide was there.

邦妮·卡斯珀（Bonnie Casper），国会助理：我知道联合碳化物公司就在那里。

Marie Rice, Reporter: Goodyear and Goodrich I think was also along there.

记者 Marie Rice：我认为固特异和古德里奇也在其中。

And then of course, Hooker, Hooker Chemical.

当然还有胡克、胡克化学公司。

Michael Brown, Reporter: Hooker originated in Niagara Falls.

记者迈克尔·布朗：胡克起源于尼亚加拉瀑布。

They had started out with electrochemicals.

他们从电化学开始。

Everything from caustic soda for chlorine to pesticides, herbicides, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons.

从用于氯的烧碱到杀虫剂、除草剂，尤其是氯化烃，应有尽有。

Hundreds of chemicals, just about any type of chemical that you would need.

数百种化学品，几乎是您需要的任何类型的化学品。

Of course, at the same time, these chemicals create toxic waste.

当然，同时这些化学物质也会产生有毒废物。

Michael Brown, Reporter: Chemical companies in Niagara Falls and across the United States were dumping in holes.

记者迈克尔·布朗：尼亚加拉大瀑布和美国各地的化学公司都在向坑中倾倒倾倒物。

They were digging, excavating and burying their waste.

他们正在挖掘、挖掘和掩埋他们的废物。

That was the way you got rid of it.

这就是你摆脱它的方法。

Michael Brown, Reporter: No one back in the fifties knew quite the ramifications biologically of many of these chemicals.

记者迈克尔·布朗：五十年代没有人清楚了解其中许多化学物质的生物学影响。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: Nobody could get a garden to grow.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：没有人能够种植花园。

We had one beet grow and it weighed almost seven pounds and you probably would've needed an ax to cut it in half ‘cause it was like a small bowling ball.

我们种了一棵甜菜，它重约七磅，你可能需要一把斧头才能把它切成两半，因为它就像一个小保龄球。

That was the only beet that grew.

那是唯一生长的甜菜。

I thought my husband wasn't doing a very good job planting.

我认为我丈夫的种植工作做得不太好。

I didn't know.

我不知道。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: We had so many animals die.

居民芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby）：我们有很多动物死亡。

It was unexplained.

这是无法解释的。

The fur would just be off of them or so many of them died of cancer.

它们的皮毛就会脱落，否则它们中的许多人就会死于癌症。

It seems normal because it happened to other people's animals too.

这似乎很正常，因为这也发生在其他人的动物身上。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: And then there was something else strange happening.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，住院医师：然后还发生了其他奇怪的事情。

We would see people were developing what they thought was asthma.

我们会看到人们患上了他们认为是哮喘的疾病。

People started to have kidney problems, bladder problems, some of the children had behavior problems, a complete change from how they were.

人们开始出现肾脏问题、膀胱问题，一些孩子出现行为问题，与以前完全不同。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: So there were issues.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，住院医师：所以存在问题。

It did smell, but the Blizzard of ‘77 was the worst thing could have happened to us.

确实有味道，但 77 年的暴风雪是我们遇到过的最糟糕的事情。

That blizzard is what brought those barrels up.

那场暴风雪就是把这些桶吹起来的原因。

Michael Brown, Reporter: In 1977, I was a reporter for the Niagara Gazette covering the city of Niagara Falls.

记者迈克尔·布朗：1977 年，我是《尼亚加拉公报》的记者，报道尼亚加拉大瀑布市的情况。

There had been a very hard winter and when the snow melted, it was an incredible scene.

那是一个非常严酷的冬天，当雪融化时，这是一个令人难以置信的景象。

I remember there were drums exposed, they were collapsing and chemicals came out and started seeping though the ground.

我记得有一些鼓暴露在外，它们正在倒塌，化学物质流出并开始渗入地面。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: In my backyard there was a hole in the ground, about the size of a dinner plate.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：在我的后院，地上有一个洞，大约有餐盘那么大。

And it was black goo in it and it smelled and it was all foamy around the edges and stuff.

里面是黑色的粘液，闻起来很臭，边缘都是泡沫。

And as the days went on, that hole kept getting bigger and bigger.

随着日子一天天过去，那个洞越来越大。

And this black goo started to show up in other people's backyards.

这种黑色的粘液开始出现在其他人的后院。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: And then there started to be something backing up in the basements of our homes in Griffon Manor.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：然后我们在格里芬庄园的家的地下室里开始有东西倒塌。

Black sludge.

黑色污泥。

And no matter what we did, we couldn't get rid of it.

无论我们做什么，我们都无法摆脱它。

Michael Brown, Reporter: People start telling me things, and I knew it was anecdotal information, but I also knew something bad was going on.

记者迈克尔·布朗：人们开始告诉我一些事情，我知道这是轶事信息，但我也知道正在发生一些不好的事情。

Richard Newman, Historian: Residents are starting to acknowledge all of the weird things that have been going on in the neighborhood for years.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：居民们开始承认该地区多年来发生的所有奇怪的事情。

The first thing that residents do is reach out to their local politicians.

居民做的第一件事就是联系当地的政界人士。

Niagara Falls officials really push them off.

尼亚加拉大瀑布的官员确实拒绝了他们。

That's when they find an angel in John LaFalce, who is the representative for the area of Niagara Falls in Congress.

就在那时，他们在约翰·拉法尔斯（John LaFalce）身上找到了天使，他是尼亚加拉大瀑布地区在国会的代表。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: We told several of the residents that we would come out to, to look at the canal.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：我们告诉几位居民，我们会出来看看运河。

And they took us into their homes.

他们把我们带进了他们的家。

We went into the basements and we saw the oozing.

我们走进地下室，看到了渗水的情况。

It was like black tar.

就像黑色焦油一样。

I couldn't even truly describe the smell.

我什至无法真实地描述这种气味。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: Well, it didn't smell like lasagna sauce.

美国代表约翰·拉法尔斯：嗯，闻起来不像烤宽面条酱。

It smelled like chemicals to me, and I wasn't sure what chemicals, I wasn't sure if it was harmful, but what you don't know can hurt you.

对我来说，它闻起来像化学物质，我不确定是什么化学物质，我不确定它是否有害，但你不知道的东西可能会伤害你。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: : We could see a couple of the barrels and we saw the school, so there was the playground on the canal.

邦妮·卡斯珀（Bonnie Casper），国会助理：我们可以看到几个桶，我们还看到了学校，所以运河上有操场。

The residents told us that their kids played in it all the time, you know, played in the canal, played– that's where they went.

居民告诉我们，他们的孩子一直在里面玩耍，你知道，在运河里玩耍，玩耍——那是他们去的地方。

That was their backyard.

那是他们的后院。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: I wanted to know how it became a dump site for chemicals.

美国众议员约翰·拉法尔斯：我想知道它是如何成为化学品倾倒场的。

And then how that land could have been used for housing, used for a school, used for a playground where kids would be playing on a daily basis.

然后这块土地如何被用来建造住房、学校、孩子们每天玩耍的游乐场。

I considered the problem a very serious one and was going to do whatever I thought necessary to deal with it.

我认为这个问题非常严重，并将采取一切我认为必要的措施来解决它。

And that was not the disposition of other officials.

而其他官员则不然。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: There were some who were very, very worried that this might tarnish the image of the city.

美国众议员约翰·拉法尔斯：有些人非常非常担心这可能会损害这座城市的形象。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: Niagara Falls, of course, was known for its tourist industry.

美国众议员约翰·拉法尔斯：尼亚加拉大瀑布当然以其旅游业而闻名。

And there was an understandable concern about the effect that it would have.

人们对它所产生的影响的担忧是可以理解的。

Richard Newman, Historian: For centuries Niagara Falls has had this outsize existence in the American mind.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：几个世纪以来，尼亚加拉大瀑布在美国人的心目中一直有着巨大的存在。

People have visited it to be overawed by nature, to feel its power.

人们来到这里是为了被大自然所震撼，感受它的力量。

It's moving, it's sublime.

它令人感动，它是崇高的。

But beginning in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a lot of people visited the falls for something else.

但从 19 世纪和 20 世纪初开始，很多人参观瀑布是为了其他目的。

They're dead set on developing it for industrial use.

他们决心将其开发用于工业用途。

Richard Newman, Historian: In the 1880s when hydroelectric power developers arrive in Niagara Falls, they change the falls.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：在 1880 年代，当水力发电开发商抵达尼亚加拉瀑布时，他们改变了瀑布。

They electrify it.

他们让它通电。

They make it an important part of a new era of hydroelectric power.

它们使其成为水力发电新时代的重要组成部分。

Richard Newman, Historian: Not just in Western New York but across the Midwest.

理查德·纽曼，历史学家：不仅在纽约西部，而且在整个中西部。

Niagara Falls is at the very center of the American industrial dream.

尼亚加拉大瀑布是美国工业梦的中心。

Michael Brown, Reporter: In the 1890s, there was a railroad entrepreneur, William T.

记者迈克尔·布朗：在 1890 年代，有一位铁路企业家，威廉·T.

Love.

爱。

He came up with the idea to build a canal from the upper Niagara River circumventing the falls to the lower river.

他提出了修建一条运河，从尼亚加拉河上游绕过瀑布到达下游的想法。

It was going to be for transportation and at the same time create power.

它将用于运输，同时发电。

Richard Newman, Historian: Love wanted to produce something called Model City, merging industrial power with utopian design.

理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman），历史学家：洛夫想要创造一个叫做“模型城市”的东西，将工业力量与乌托邦设计融为一体。

He tells people I can create a bigger hydroelectric power station, I can generate more wealth, more investment in the area, and people are willing to believe it because they see Niagara Falls as the next big thing in American industrial life.

他告诉人们我可以建造一个更大的水力发电站，我可以创造更多的财富，在该地区进行更多的投资，人们愿意相信这一点，因为他们将尼亚加拉大瀑布视为美国工业生活中的下一个重大事件。

William Love is so successful in his investment plan that he actually has enough money to start digging out portions of his canal.

威廉·洛夫的投资计划非常成功，他实际上有足够的钱开始挖掘部分运河。

And he’s saying to people you're walking in the future site of American industrial power right here at Love's Canal.

他对人们说，你正在走在未来美国工业强国的所在地——爱运河。

Michael Brown, Reporter: I mean, he sounded like kind of a showboat.

记者迈克尔·布朗：我的意思是，他听起来有点爱炫耀。

He would go around with a brass band and circulars and advertisements, and he even had a diddy that was to the sound of Yankee Doodle.

他会带着铜管乐队、传单和广告到处走动，他甚至还带着洋基涂鸦的迪迪。

‘Everybody's come to town those who left we pity, for we all have a great old time in Love's new Model City.’ Yeah, Love’s new Model City.

“每个人都来到城里，对那些离开我们的人表示同情，因为我们都在爱的新模范城市度过了美好的旧时光。”是的，爱的新模范城市。

He went bankrupt soon afterwards.

不久之后他就破产了。

Richard Newman, Historian: In many ways it is a Ponzi scheme.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：从很多方面来说，这是一个庞氏骗局。

He promises to pay people in the future, but the future comes on fast.

他承诺将来会给人们报酬，但未来来得很快。

He can't pay all those debts.

他无力偿还所有这些债务。

Love’s Canal is never finished.

爱的运河永远不会完工。

Model City is never completed.

模型城市从未完工。

Both of these dreams lie fallow, and they're sort of a monument to failure.

这两个梦想都已搁置，它们是失败的纪念碑。

But there is a groove of earth in the Niagara Falls landscape that's going to sit there.

但尼亚加拉大瀑布景观中有一个土槽将坐落在那里。

No one knows what to do with it.

没有人知道该如何处理它。

Enter: Hooker Electrochemical Company in Niagara Falls.

输入：尼亚加拉瀑布的胡克电化学公司。

Keith O'Brien, Author: In the 1940s, with the war effort in full swing, Hooker Chemical was producing more chemicals than ever before.

Keith O'Brien，作者：20 世纪 40 年代，战争如火如荼地进行，胡克化学公司生产的化学品比以往任何时候都多。

And like any manufacturer, it needed someplace to dump its residues and wastes.

与任何制造商一样，它需要有地方倾倒残留物和废物。

Richard Newman, Historian: So Hooker Chemical locates a great area for this just four miles away from its production site where William Love started building out his artificial river 50 years beforehand.

历史学家理查德·纽曼 (Richard Newman)：胡克化学公司为此选择了一个绝佳的区域，距离其生产基地仅 4 英里，威廉·洛夫 (William Love) 50 年前就在那里开始建造他的人工河。

They think this is perfect for burying chemical waste.

他们认为这非常适合掩埋化学废物。

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: At the time there were no laws that governed that dumping, so they just were able to dispose of it in any way they thought was appropriate.

查尔斯·沃伦（Charles Warren），美国环保署地区管理员：当时没有法律管辖这种倾倒行为，因此他们只能以他们认为适当的任何方式进行处置。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: Everybody knew Hooker was a chemical plant.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：每个人都知道胡克是一家化工厂。

People certainly knew many of the chemicals that they had produced.

人们当然知道他们生产的许多化学品。

Nobody knew, however, what they had actually dumped as waste material.

然而，没有人知道他们实际上倾倒了什么作为废料。

And nobody really knew how many drums were buried in Love Canal.

没有人真正知道拉夫运河里埋了多少鼓。

Richard Newman, Historian: They filled up the entire area with about a hundred thousand chemical barrels.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：他们用大约十万个化学桶填满了整个地区。

People at Hooker Chemical weren't thinking in terms of long-term chemical risks.

胡克化学公司的员工并没有考虑长期的化学风险。

And they thought when they dumped this stuff, even if it broke out of the chemical drums, the landscape itself would just absorb it like a big sponge.

他们认为，当他们倾倒这些东西时，即使它从化学桶中破裂出来，景观本身也会像一块大海绵一样吸收它。

Michael Brown, Reporter: In the 1950s, Niagara Falls was an expanding city.

记者 Michael Brown：20 世纪 50 年代，尼亚加拉瀑布是一座不断扩张的城市。

Everything was going great guns economically.

经济上一切都进展顺利。

Amy Hay, Historian: Most of the individuals who bought homes worked at Hooker and other chemical companies in Niagara Falls.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：大多数购房者都在尼亚加拉大瀑布的胡克和其他化学公司工作。

And so it was seen as this great neighborhood that had good transportation to their jobs at the chemical plants.

因此，它被视为一个伟大的社区，交通便利，可以方便地到达化工厂的工作地点。

Richard Newman, Historian: This is a time when people looked at a landscape and didn't worry about what's underneath it.

历史学家理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman）：在这个时代，人们只关注风景，并不担心它下面的东西。

And Love Canal, the covered over chemical dump, is actually viewed in the 1950s as a great developmental opportunity.

拉夫运河（Love Canal），这个被覆盖的化学品倾倒场，实际上在 20 世纪 50 年代被视为一个巨大的发展机会。

Keith O'Brien, Author: In the spring of 1953, Hooker Chemical sold the land to the Board of Education in Niagara Falls for a dollar, and they got out of the Love Canal business.

基思·奥布莱恩 (Keith O'Brien)，作者：1953 年春天，胡克化学公司以 1 美元的价格将土地卖给了尼亚加拉大瀑布的教育委员会，并退出了拉夫运河业务。

Richard Newman, Historian: The Niagara Falls school board signs an agreement with Hooker chemical which basically says there is chemical waste buried underneath the Love Canal site, but it doesn't say exactly what type of chemical waste is in the ground.

理查德·纽曼，历史学家：尼亚加拉大瀑布学校董事会与胡克化学公司签署了一项协议，该协议基本上表示拉夫运河遗址下方埋有化学废物，但没有具体说明地下有哪些类型的化学废物。

This is where they're going to put the 99th Street School.

这就是他们将要设立第 99 街学校的地方。

They're going to work with developers to build out a subdivision which will have new housing stock, playgrounds.

他们将与开发商合作建造一个分区，其中将有新的住房和游乐场。

People who are in charge of hazardous waste landfilling were not really concerned about what happens next.

负责危险废物填埋的人并不真正关心接下来会发生什么。

They don't want to know, they don't need to know because government officials were not pushing them.

他们不想知道，也不需要知道，因为政府官员没有催促他们。

For people in Niagara Falls you don't want to scare off the chemical industry.

对于尼亚加拉大瀑布的人们来说，您不想吓跑化学工业。

Less knowledge is better for business.

知识越少对业务越好。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: In the summer of ‘77, I wrote to the head of the Hooker Corporation saying, I want to know exactly what you buried.

约翰·拉法尔斯，美国众议员：77 年夏天，我写信给胡克公司的负责人说，我想确切地知道你埋了什么。

And I want to know if what you buried could be dangerous.

我想知道你埋的东西是否有危险。

Michael Brown, Reporter: When I first came onto the story, it was an environmental problem.

记者迈克尔·布朗：当我第一次接触这个故事时，这是一个环境问题。

It was not considered a health threat at that time, at least not that anyone was telling me.

当时它并不被认为是对健康的威胁，至少没有人告诉我。

I was shocked when I went door to door and found out that people were actually becoming ill from what was in their homes, the odors that were very obvious at the time.

当我挨家挨户地发现人们实际上是因为家里的东西而生病时，我感到很震惊，当时的气味非常明显。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Resident: I contracted asthma.

存档视频：住院医师：我患有哮喘。

Resident: I lived here three years and discovered I had cancer.

居民：我在这里住了三年，发现自己得了癌症。

Resident: Two children that are legally blind.

居民：两个法定失明的孩子。

Resident: My child has rheumatoid arthritis and asthmatic bronchitis, and she is missing part of her second teeth.

住院医生：我的孩子患有类风湿性关节炎和喘息性支气管炎，她的第二颗牙齿缺失了一部分。

Michael Brown, Reporter: Everyone had a story, from skin rashes to cancer.

记者迈克尔·布朗：每个人都有自己的故事，从皮疹到癌症。

They're talking about birth defects, they're talking about miscarriages.

他们在谈论出生缺陷，他们在谈论流产。

My editor held me back from printing a lot of the health effects because he wanted to hear it from a health official.

我的编辑阻止我刊登许多对健康的影响，因为他想听听卫生官员的说法。

When you saw what was going on at Love Canal, it was very difficult to remain a reporter because it was like watching an accident in slow motion.

当你看到拉夫运河发生的事情时，你很难继续做一名记者，因为这就像慢动作地观看一场事故。

Richard Newman, Historian: As state officials learn more, they start extensive testing.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：随着州政府官员了解更多，他们开始进行广泛的测试。

Richard Newman, Historian: They also set up in people's homes, they went into people’s basements, they monitored leachate, tested what kind of chemicals were maybe seeping into backyards.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：他们还在人们的家中设立了设施，进入了人们的地下室，监测渗滤液，测试了哪些化学物质可能渗入后院。

Michael Brown, Reporter: They had started to conduct air tests and for three months I tried to get the results of those tests.

记者迈克尔·布朗：他们已经开始进行空气测试，三个月来我一直试图获得这些测试的结果。

No one would tell me what they were, and finally I found out that there was benzene in the air there, which was extremely alarming.

没有人告诉我它们是什么，最后我发现那里的空气中含有苯，这非常令人震惊。

That's a known human carcinogen.

这是一种已知的人类致癌物。

Michael Brown, Reporter: And then, things got even worse.

记者迈克尔·布朗：然后，事情变得更糟了。

Hooker had another dump that was just across the road from Love Canal.

胡克还有另一个垃圾场，就在拉夫运河的马路对面。

They also had a dump site next to the water plant, supplies the water for the city of Niagara Falls.

他们还在水厂旁边设有一个垃圾场，为尼亚加拉瀑布市供水。

And their biggest dump was called the Hyde Park Landfill, and this dump was three, four times the size of Love Canal.

他们最大的垃圾场叫做海德公园垃圾填埋场，这个垃圾场的大小是拉夫运河的三、四倍。

How come we didn't know this?

我们怎么不知道这个？

How could we not know this?

我们怎么可能不知道这一点呢？

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: EPA said we need to get an inventory of toxic sites over the country.

查尔斯·沃伦（Charles Warren），美国环保局区域管理员：美国环保局表示，我们需要对全国各地的有毒场所进行盘点。

And when we did that we found many sites of all kinds.

当我们这样做时，我们发现了许多各种各样的网站。

We had them out there and nobody was doing anything about them and, at the time, we didn’t think we had the weapons to really deal with those sites.

我们把它们放在那里，但没有人对它们采取任何行动，当时，我们认为我们没有武器来真正对付这些网站。

Keith O'Brien, Author: The EPA was one of the youngest federal agencies, still really finding its footing.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：美国环保局是最年轻​​的联邦机构之一，仍然在寻找立足点。

It was founded in 1970 by Richard Nixon and it was playing catch-up, especially when it comes to orphaned dumps and chemical landfills.

该公司由理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 于 1970 年创立，目前正在奋起直追，尤其是在废弃垃圾场和化学垃圾填埋场方面。

They were scattered all across America.

他们分散在美国各地。

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: We actually got a tally.

查尔斯·沃伦（Charles Warren），美国环保署地区管理员：我们实际上得到了统计。

And it was in the thousands.

数量有数千。

Richard Newman, Historian: Almost every state has a problem like Love Canal, and every single one could be a ticking time bomb.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：几乎每个州都存在像拉夫运河这样的问题，而且每个问题都可能是一颗定时炸弹。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: After we lived at Love Canal, maybe a year, Michael started getting sick, so, you know, first it was, like, asthma, then it was a urinary disorder, and then when Michael was in kindergarten, he was spending a lot more time in the school, and that's when he had his first seizure.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：我们在爱运河住了大约一年后，迈克尔开始生病，所以，你知道，首先是哮喘，然后是泌尿系统疾病，然后当迈克尔上幼儿园时，他在学校呆了很多时间，就在那时他第一次癫痫发作。

We were actually at a fast food restaurant and I thought he was choking, but he wasn't choking and it scared the dickens outta me.

我们实际上是在一家快餐店，我以为他噎住了，但他没有噎住，这把我吓坏了。

The pediatrician had no answer, and so I'm looking at these articles and I'm reading this stuff about benzene and toluene and other chemicals– I didn't even know how to pronounce 'em back then.

儿科医生没有答案，所以我正在看这些文章，我正在读这些关于苯、甲苯和其他化学物质的东西——当时我什至不知道它们如何发音。

And then they were mentioning the 99th Street School.

然后他们提到了第 99 街学校。

I'm like, whoa, whoa, what is going on here?

我想，哇，哇，这是怎么回事？

I believe Michael got sick because he was in the school and also because we played on the playground almost every single day.

我相信迈克尔生病是因为他在学校，也因为我们几乎每天都在操场上玩耍。

So I put together a petition to close the 99th Street school.

所以我整理了一份请愿书，要求关闭第 99 街学校。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: It was really getting kind of frightening.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，住院医师：这真的有点让人害怕。

They were running around in their moon suits and they came in with all kinds of machines and stuff so they could do the ambient air in the basement.

他们穿着月球服到处跑，带着各种机器和东西进来，这样他们就可以净化地下室的环境空气。

They'd say you had benzene and toluene and trichloroethylene and all these ‘enes.

他们会说你有苯、甲苯、三氯乙烯和所有这些“烯”。

That was Greek to all of us.

这对我们所有人来说都是希腊语。

And then it wasn't too long after that when Lois showed up at my back door and I said, oh my God, we went to school together.

不久之后，路易斯出现在我的后门，我说，天哪，我们一起去上学。

We were in Girl Scouts together.

我们一起参加女童子军。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: So we sat in her living room and talked for quite a while.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：所以我们坐在她的客厅里聊了很长时间。

She talked about her miscarriages and she talked about all of the other health problems she had.

她谈到了她的流产，也谈到了她遇到的所有其他健康问题。

Debbie was the first one that agreed to go door knocking with me.

黛比是第一个同意和我一起去敲门的人。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: I just felt -- sounds silly -- but it was like a calling that I had to do that and I was hell bent.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，住院医师：我只是觉得——听起来很傻——但这就像一个召唤，我必须这样做，而且我一心一意。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: I remember Lois coming down the street with her petition and I remember thinking, oh God, what's she selling?

帕蒂·格伦齐（Patti Grenzy），居民：我记得路易斯拿着请愿书走在街上，我记得我在想，天啊，她在卖什么？

There were articles in the paper, but I had two young kids and one on the way.

报纸上有文章，但我有两个小孩，还有一个即将出生。

I didn't pay that much attention to the news.

我没有太关注这个新闻。

Lois began telling me about birth defects and miscarriages and stillborns and all that.

路易斯开始告诉我有关出生缺陷、流产、死产等等的事情。

That's pretty scary when you're pregnant, to hear that.

当你怀孕的时候，听到这个消息是非常可怕的。

We all think that's not going to happen to me, that happens to the guy, you know, down the street.

我们都认为这不会发生在我身上，这会发生在街上的那个人身上。

Well, we found ourselves being the guy down the street.

好吧，我们发现自己就是街上的那个人。

It was happening to us.

这件事就发生在我们身上。

Keith O'Brien, Author: By August 1978, state officials couldn't sit on this problem anymore.

Keith O'Brien，作者：到 1978 年 8 月，州政府官员再也不能坐视这个问题了。

They make this stunning announcement, encouraging the evacuation of about 200 families living closest to the canal.

他们发布了这一令人震惊的公告，鼓励居住在距离运河最近的约 200 个家庭撤离。

But it was just pregnant women or children under the age of two.

但仅限于孕妇或两岁以下的儿童。

Other people in the neighborhood wondered immediately, of course, about their own health, the health of their children.

当然，附近的其他人立即想知道自己和孩子的健康状况。

Richard Newman, Historian: People realize they were living not simply on top of a dump that was leaking, they were living in a chemical disaster zone.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：人们意识到他们不仅生活在泄漏的垃圾场上，而且生活在化学灾难区。

And that set off all sorts of terrorizing conversations.

这引发了各种恐怖的对话。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: The meeting was, it was doomed to be a screaming match right from the beginning because we have now been given some information of what we've been exposed to and how dangerous it really is.

黛比·塞里洛·库里（Debbie Cerrillo Curry），住院医师：这次会议从一开始就注定是一场尖叫的比赛，因为我们现在已经了解了一些关于我们所接触过的东西以及它到底有多危险的信息。

Richard Newman, Historian: The state health department was really most focused on the first two rings of homes around the old canal dumping grounds.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：州卫生部门实际上最关注的是旧运河垃圾场周围的前两圈房屋。

People who weren't in the ring one or ring two homes thought that they were trapped in a death zone.

不在一环​​或二环之家的人们都以为自己被困在了死亡地带。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: Ring three was just outside of that area, which is where we lived.

Patti Grenzy，居民：三环就在那个区域的外面，也就是我们住的地方。

Our front yard faced 99th Street’s homes’ backyard.

我们的前院面向 99 街住宅的后院。

So we were really, really close.

所以我们真的非常非常亲密。

Richard Newman, Historian: If this is a ticking health time bomb, why are you only evacuating people who live on 97th and 99th streets?

历史学家理查德·纽曼：如果这是一颗滴答作响的健康定时炸弹，为什么只疏散住在 97 街和 99 街的人们呢？

Keith O'Brien, Author: Up until that moment, these people believed that government was there to protect 'em.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：直到那一刻，这些人都相信政府会保护他们。

That government did right by Americans.

该政府为美国人做了正确的事。

These were families who had husbands who had served in Vietnam.

这些家庭的丈夫曾在越南服役。

These were mothers who didn't see themselves as part of the feminist movement.

这些母亲并不认为自己是女权运动的一部分。

Keith O'Brien, Author: But the community changed that night.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：但是那天晚上社区发生了变化。

Changed forever.

永远改变了。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: I could very well understand the perspective of the homeowners there.

美国众议员约翰·拉法尔斯（John LaFalce）：我非常理解那里房主的观点。

But I could also understand that this might be a very expensive undertaking.

但我也可以理解，这可能是一项非常昂贵的事业。

Richard Newman, Historian: Up until that time, the only disasters that had ever received emergency or disaster declarations by the federal government were natural disasters, so hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：到目前为止，联邦政府唯一宣布紧急或灾难的灾难是自然灾害，例如飓风、龙卷风和地震。

But Love Canal is overwhelming all of the resources of the local government.

但拉夫运河压垮了当地政府的所有资源。

It's even overwhelming the state.

甚至压倒了国家。

And it's rising to the level of a natural disaster.

它正在上升到自然灾害的程度。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: When Carter says his emergency, we're like, yes, now, the White House knows we exist.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：当卡特说他的紧急情况时，我们就像，是的，现在，白宫知道我们的存在。

We have a problem and, you know, they're going to help us.

我们遇到了问题，你知道，他们会帮助我们。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Governor Hugh Carey comes to Niagara Falls to meet with residents at the 99th Street School.

Keith O'Brien，作者：州长 Hugh Carey 来到尼亚加拉瀑布会见第 99 街学校的居民。

Keith O'Brien, Author: That night in the school, Carey announces that not only will they be evacuating residents of the neighborhood, but they will buy their homes.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：那天晚上在学校，凯里宣布他们不仅要疏散附近的居民，而且还要购买自己的房屋。

Michael Brown, Reporter: For the people who were close to the canal, Governor Hugh Carey was a white knight, came in on a horse.

记者迈克尔·布朗：对于靠近运河的人们来说，休·凯里州长是一位白衣骑士，骑着马进来的。

So there was a lot of relief on one hand and then you had the other people who were stuck.

因此，一方面大家松了口气，但其他人却陷入了困境。

There were about 700 families left behind and, you know, these people are watching just about daily as more and more is coming out about Love Canal.

大约有 700 个家庭被留下，你知道，这些人几乎每天都在观看有关拉夫运河的报道。

Richard Newman, Historian: They want to make sure that chemicals are contained and they don't leak out to further homes in the subdivision or neighborhood.

历史学家理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman）：他们希望确保化学物质得到控制，并且不会泄漏到小区或社区的其他家庭。

Richard Newman, Historian: They’re going to seal it up and it will be covered over with clay.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：他们将把它密封起来，并用粘土覆盖。

So they’re not taking toxic chemicals out of the ground.

所以他们不会从地下开采有毒化学物质。

Richard Newman, Historian: But the first thing they do is they put a fence through the middle of the neighborhood separating the inner ring homes, ring one and two, from the rest of the neighborhood.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：但他们做的第一件事是在社区中间竖起栅栏，将内环住宅、一环和二环与其他社区分开。

Michael Tolli, Resident: I remember them putting up the fence.

迈克尔·托利（Michael Tolli），居民：我记得他们竖起了栅栏。

The first two rows of houses were abandoned.

前两排房屋已被废弃。

It was strange.

很奇怪。

There's tons of people around, then there's nobody around.

周围人很多，然后就没有人了。

Then, now it's a ghost town.

然后，现在它成了一座鬼城。

Ernie Grenzy, Resident: The fence was right down in front of my yard.

Ernie Grenzy，居民：栅栏就在我院子前面。

And they're saying, ‘you're okay, this across the street is not okay’.

他们说，‘你没事，街对面的就不好了’。

And that's how we lived for a long time.

这就是我们很长一段时间的生活。

It was devastating.

这是毁灭性的。

I mean, you're worried about your kids primarily and my wife being pregnant, what's going to happen to the baby?

我的意思是，你主要担心你的孩子和我妻子怀孕了，孩子会怎样？

And you're frustrated because you can't do anything about it.

你会感到沮丧，因为你对此无能为力。

Richard Newman, Historian: Residents at Love Canal, they really thought that the government was going to rescue them, that once they declared that there was a problem at Love Canal, that they would be saved.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：拉夫运河的居民，他们真的以为政府会拯救他们，一旦他们宣布拉夫运河有问题，他们就会得救。

And they learned that these officials were dealing with a problem that was as new to them as it was to the residents.

他们了解到，这些官员正在处理一个对他们和居民来说都是新问题的问题。

Keith O'Brien, Author: They realized that in order to escape from their own homes, in order to even understand the scope of the problem, they need to organize.

作者基思·奥布莱恩：他们意识到，为了逃离自己的家，甚至为了了解问题的范围，他们需要组织起来。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: Our first Love Canal homeowner's office was at the 99th Street School.

Lois Gibbs，居民：我们的第一个爱运河房主办公室位于第 99 街学校。

It was a classroom.

那是一间教室。

And because I had knocked on everybody's door, they recognized my face.

因为我敲过每个人的门，所以他们认出了我的脸。

And so I was voted in as president.

所以我被选为总统。

I was terrified of being a leader.

我害怕成为一名领导者。

You know, I'm a shy, quiet person and all of a sudden having hundreds of people counting on me, and they are angry and frustrated and terrified, and so it isn't just being a leader, it's being a leader in a crisis.

你知道，我是一个害羞、安静的人，突然间有数百人指望我，他们感到愤怒、沮丧和恐惧，所以这不仅仅是一个领导者，而是在危机中成为一个领导者。

Marie Rice, Reporter: Lois was very nervous and I always will remember it.

记者玛丽·赖斯：路易斯非常紧张，我永远都会记得这一点。

She had her notes kind of scribbled on a small piece of paper, and she was standing in front of the microphones and her hands literally shook.

她把笔记潦草地写在一张小纸上，她站在麦克风前，双手在颤抖。

She was so nervous.

她很紧张。

But what was so interesting for reporters, we saw her go from that to being unbelievable in front of the cameras.

但对记者来说，最有趣的是，我们看到她在镜头前变得令人难以置信。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Lois Gibbs: We've come a long way.

档案视频：Lois Gibbs：我们已经走了很长的路。

We've gotten Ring One evacuated, we've gotten Ring Two evacuated.

我们已经疏散了一环，也疏散了二环。

We now have an emergency.

我们现在有紧急情况。

They're talking about purchasing our homes in Washington.

他们正在谈论在华盛顿购买我们的房屋。

The decision is not made.

决定尚未做出。

There is only one thing that's going to make the decision and that's public opinion, so none of you should be a bit surprised…

只有一件事会做出决定，那就是公众舆论，所以你们都不应该感到惊讶……

Lois Gibbs, Resident: Our main goal was anybody who wanted to leave could leave with their homes being purchased at fair market value.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：我们的主要目标是任何想要离开的人都可以以公平的市场价格购买房屋。

I wanted out, just like all my neighbors, wanted out.

我想出去，就像我所有的邻居一样。

I wanted to be gone.

我想离开。

I want somebody to buy my house.

我想要有人买我的房子。

‘Cause that's all the assets I had in the world and I wanted to move and I wanted to have that happy life I had before when I would walk my son to school, when I would pack my husband some lunch and when I would cook a green cake for St. Patrick's Day.

因为这是我在世界上拥有的所有资产，我想搬家，我想拥有以前的幸福生活，那时我会送我的儿子去学校，当我会给我的丈夫准备一些午餐时，当我会为圣帕特里克节做一个绿色蛋糕时。

I wanted it all back.

我想要全部回来。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: I went to the office every single day and opened up.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：我每天都去办公室并敞开心扉。

There was a core group and we were there every day.

有一个核心小组，我们每天都在那里。

The phone never stopped ringing.

电话一直响个不停。

People would come in.

人们会进来。

Lois called us all by our last name.

路易斯用我们的姓氏称呼我们所有人。

It was like we were in the service, you know, in the army or something.

就像我们在服役，你知道，在军队什么的。

Grace McCoulf, Resident: My kids were little, so they were in the office with me.

Grace McCoulf，住院医生：我的孩子还很小，所以他们和我一起在办公室里。

I did some fundraising, sent letters to all kinds of businesses trying to raise money so that we could do things, you know, have meetings, print up flyers.

我做了一些筹款活动，向各种企业发信试图筹集资金，以便我们可以做一些事情，你知道，开会，打印传单。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: I was eventually voted in as the vice president and Lois always used to kid me I was the vice president of the art department because most of the signs you saw in that neighborhood were built by me.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：我最终被选为副总统，路易斯总是开玩笑说我是艺术部门的副总裁，因为你在那个社区看到的大多数标志都是我建造的。

At that time, I had already moved, so when I could find childcare, I would come back to the office and work with the girls.

那时我已经搬家了，所以当我能找到托儿服务时，我就会回到办公室和女孩们一起工作。

I just didn't have the heart to leave them when I had the opportunity to move away from all of the danger– my heart wouldn't allow it.

我只是不忍心离开他们，当我有机会摆脱所有的危险时——我的心不允许。

My gut told me, you have to stay there and help.

我的直觉告诉我，你必须留在那里帮忙。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: When you look back, at that time, the men were the ones that got things done.

帕蒂·格伦齐（Patti Grenzy），住院医师：当你回想起来，那时候，男人才是把事情做好的人。

Men didn't look at women as being smart, as being determined or stepping outside the circle of their family.

男人并不认为女人聪明、意志坚定或者能够走出家庭的圈子。

At the office, there were some men that were retired.

办公室里有一些退休的人。

Then there were men that worked shift work so they could be there as well, but for the most part it was the women.

然后还有一些男性轮班工作，这样他们也可以在那里，但大部分都是女性。

It was the moms that did the groundwork.

是妈妈们做了基础工作。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Almost everyone fighting to escape was a woman and almost every person in power was a man.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：几乎每个为逃跑而奋斗的人都是女性，几乎每个掌权者都是男性。

And so it turned into this real gender battle.

于是这变成了一场真正的性别之战。

Amy Hay, Historian: Activism connected to motherhood has a long, long history in America.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：与母性相关的行动主义在美国有着悠久的历史。

And it is often something that will mobilize apolitical women.

这往往会调动非政治女性的积极性。

It starts with a sincere desire to protect their children.

它始于保护孩子的真诚愿望。

But then, once they realize how powerful that is and how effectively it plays in the media, they realize they have a winning strategy.

但是，一旦他们意识到这有多么强大以及它在媒体中的作用如何有效，他们就会意识到他们有一个制胜策略。

Keith O'Brien, Author: The press absolutely loved these women.They gravitated to tell the story of Lois Gibbs.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：媒体非常喜欢这些女性。她们很想讲述洛伊丝·吉布斯的故事。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: Lois said we have to stay in the news.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：路易斯说我们必须留在新闻中。

She kept saying we have to keep this front page.

她一直说我们必须保留这个头版。

We can't let them forget about us.

我们不能让他们忘记我们。

Richard Newman, Historian: Folks covering the Love Canal saga as a media event, often, too often, focused in on Lois Gibbs and the struggle of the homeowners.

理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman），历史学家：人们将拉夫运河的传奇故事作为媒体事件来报道，往往关注的是路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs）和房主的斗争。

But there are other people in the neighborhood, people who don't own property in Love Canal, who had many of the same fears, many of the same concerns as the homeowners.

但附近还有其他人，那些在拉夫运河没有房产的人，也有许多与房主相同的恐惧和担忧。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Just on the downtown side of the canal was one of the newest public housing developments in the city of Niagara Falls.

Keith O'Brien，作者：位于运河市中心一侧的是尼亚加拉瀑布市最新的公共住房开发项目之一。

It was called Griffon Manor and it was home to about 250 families.

它被称为格里芬庄园（Griffon Manor），居住着大约 250 个家庭。

Carol Jones, Resident: Griffon Manor, it was just a close knit community.

卡罗尔·琼斯（Carol Jones），居民：格里芬庄园，那是一个联系紧密的社区。

Most of the families there were actually related to each other.

那里的大多数家庭实际上都是有血缘关系的。

Even before Love Canal was on the news, my mother was talking about it.

甚至在拉夫运河成为新闻之前，我母亲就已经在谈论它了。

I remember she said, there's more going on here that meets the eye.

我记得她说，这里还有更多的事情发生。

We've got to do something.

我们必须做点什么。

Our table was completely covered.

我们的桌子完全被覆盖了。

My mother had notes everywhere.

我母亲到处都有笔记。

There was research material, newspaper clippings.

有研究材料、剪报。

There was data from surveys that she had taken from people with health issues and she found that a lot of the people who lived in Griffin Manor had illnesses that were concerning.

她对有健康问题的人进行了调查，发现格里芬庄园的许多人都患有令人担忧的疾病。

From my memory, my mother should have been on the news every day because she was always out there talking to reporters, answering questions, offering information, just as Lois Gibbs was.

在我的记忆中，我的母亲应该每天都出现在新闻中，因为她总是在那里与记者交谈，回答问题，提供信息，就像路易斯·吉布斯一样。

But there were many nights when we would watch the news and there would be no clips of anything that she had discussed, and she'd just sit there at the table and then she’d just put her head down and she’d just cry.

但有很多个晚上，我们看新闻时，没有任何她讨论过的任何片段，她只是坐在桌旁，然后低下头哭。

Love Canal was not Griffon Manor.

拉夫运河不是狮鹫庄园。

There were two different places.

有两个不同的地方。

It was like being in two different cities.

就像在两个不同的城市一样。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: Renters were not getting their health addressed as the homeowners were.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：租房者的健康问题没有像房主那样得到解决。

Some of the healthcare professionals, they were saying that because of us not taking care of our children properly, that's the reason why they were sick.

一些医疗保健专业人士说，因为我们没有妥善照顾我们的孩子，这就是他们生病的原因。

Richard Newman, Historian: Renters feel marginalized on a number of levels.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：租房者在很多层面上都感到被边缘化。

So Griffon Manor residents form their own activist organization.

于是格里芬庄园的居民就成立了自己的活动组织。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: We had many meetings with homeowners.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：我们与房主进行了多次会议。

They were mean people.

他们都是卑鄙的人。

What they wanted us to do was to stop complaining.

他们希望我们做的是停止抱怨。

They need to be taken care of, and then when they got taken care of, then address the renters.

他们需要得到照顾，然后当他们得到照顾时，再向租客发表讲话。

Carol Jones, Resident: My mom and Lois Gibbs talked about what was going on in Griffon Manor.

卡罗尔·琼斯，居民：我妈妈和路易斯·吉布斯谈论了格里芬庄园发生的事情。

There's nothing that makes me believe that Lois wanted anyone to be forgotten about.

没有什么能让我相信路易斯希望任何人被遗忘。

But they had different roles to play.

但他们扮演着不同的角色。

Lois' role was to take care of the people who lived outside of Griffon Manor and my mother's role was to take care of the people inside.

路易斯的职责是照顾住在格里芬庄园外面的人，而我母亲的职责是照顾里面的人。

And it became somewhat of a competition to get what you could for the people that you represented.

这在某种程度上变成了一场为你所代表的人争取尽可能多的东西的竞争。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Homeowners believed that people living in Griffon Manor could just move.

Keith O'Brien，作者：房主们相信住在格里芬庄园的人可以搬家。

They were renting, they weren’t invested into their homes with their life savings.

他们租房，并没有用毕生积蓄投资自己的房子。

Amy Hay, Historian: But Griffon Manor was some of the best public housing in Niagara Falls.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：但是格里芬庄园是尼亚加拉大瀑布最好的公共住房之一。

They had units with three or four bedrooms, which meant that if you had a large family, you could actually live like a family.

他们的单位有三到四间卧室，这意味着如果你有一个大家庭，你实际上可以像一个家庭一样生活。

There was no comparable public housing anywhere else in Niagara Falls.

尼亚加拉大瀑布的其他地方没有类似的公共住房。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: We did have large families, so of course you would have to rent a house or a large apartment and it just wasn't affordable for people.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：我们确实有很多家庭，所以当然你必须租一栋房子或一间大公寓，但人们负担不起。

So it was devastating.

所以这是毁灭性的。

It really was.

确实如此。

It's like you're in a fire but you can't get out.

就像你身处火中却无法逃脱。

Sometimes, you know, it make you want to cry now because they had no way out.

有时，你知道，这让你现在想哭，因为他们没有出路。

No way out.

没有出路。

Stephen Lester, Toxicologist: The state was constantly repeating and trying to reassure the residents and the public that they had things under control and that, you know, there's no cause for alarm.

毒理学家斯蒂芬·莱斯特：政府不断地重复并试图向居民和公众保证，他们已经控制住了事情，你知道，没有理由惊慌。

Stephen Lester, Toxicologist: They would explain that, you know, with something like a benzene, you would know that it affects the blood, it affects the central nervous system, causes liver damage.

毒理学家斯蒂芬·莱斯特：他们会解释说，你知道，像苯这样的东西，你会知道它会影响血液，影响中枢神经系统，导致肝脏损伤。

But because you're exposed to only seven parts per million, which is in your house here, that doesn't mean you'll get those.

但是，因为您只接触到百万分之七（就在您的房子里），但这并不意味着您会受到这些影响。

It means you're at a risk of that.

这意味着你有这样的风险。

That, of course, doesn't mean anything to people.

当然，这对人们来说没有任何意义。

Richard Newman, Historian: The folks in the New York State Health Department had their work cut out for them.

历史学家理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman）：纽约州卫生部门的工作人员已经完成了他们的工作。

Scientists work in labs, they have protocols.

科学家在实验室工作，他们有协议。

Those protocols are objective and disinterested.

这些协议是客观且公正的。

And any time you talk about anger, feelings, emotions, subjectivity, the things that Love Canal residents are talking about, you compromise the process.

每当你谈论愤怒、感觉、情绪、主观性以及拉夫运河居民正在谈论的事情时，你都会妥协这个过程。

Richard Newman, Historian: So when health officials show up on the ground and they start talking to residents, the first thing they realize is they don't even know how to talk to them.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：因此，当卫生官员出现在当地并开始与居民交谈时，他们意识到的第一件事是他们甚至不知道如何与他们交谈。

Amy Hay, Historian: Many of the residents did not have degrees beyond high school.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：许多居民没有高中以上的学位。

And so there was embedded class and gender tensions that are really exposed.

因此，真正暴露出来的根深蒂固的阶级和性别紧张关系。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Beverly Paigen had done groundbreaking research about environmental hazards.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：贝弗利·佩根（Beverly Paigen）对环境危害进行了开创性的研究。

She had written papers suggesting that air quality might contribute to lung disease, that smog might contribute to asthma.

她撰写的论文表明空气质量可能导致肺部疾病，烟雾可能导致哮喘。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: I met Beverly Paigen through my brother-in-law, and he introduced her as a scientist, a health scientist, who could be helpful.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：我通过姐夫认识了贝弗利·佩根（Beverly Paigen），他介绍她是一名科学家，一名健康科学家，可能会有所帮助。

And she came by to the first meeting.

她参加了第一次会议。

She goes, I know everybody is really upset about the chemical exposure and I don't know what that means yet, but I'd like to help you figure that out.

她说，我知道每个人都对化学物质暴露感到非常不安，我还不知道这意味着什么，但我想帮助你弄清楚这一点。

Amy Hay, Historian: She approaches the residents in a very different manner than the Department of Health.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：她对待居民的方式与卫生部截然不同。

She had expertise, but she did not walk in as the authority.

她有专业知识，但她并没有以权威的身份出现。

Amy Hay, Historian: She listens to them.

艾米·海伊，历史学家：她听他们的。

She takes it as legitimate their concerns that there are illnesses in that broader, expanded outer ring area.

她认为他们对更广泛、扩大的外环区域存在疾病的担忧是合理的。

Stephen Lester, Toxicologist: The health department constantly said, if you're outside of the fence you're not at risk.

毒理学家斯蒂芬·莱斯特：卫生部门经常说，如果你在围栏之外，你就不会面临风险。

But there was no basis for saying that there was no science for saying that.

但说这种说法没有科学根据是没有根据的。

And the fence became a symbol of who was safe and who was not.

栅栏成为了谁安全、谁不安全的象征。

The residents, of course, looked at that fence and said, what are you talking about?

当然，居民们看着那栅栏说，你在说什么？

These chemicals are in the air.

这些化学物质存在于空气中。

They're not being stopped by the chain link fence.

他们没有被铁丝网拦住。

So it also became a battle line between what the community wanted and what the state was willing to do.

因此，这也成为社区想要什么和国家愿意做什么之间的战线。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: We needed to try and find out what's going on in the outer community.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：我们需要尝试了解外部社区正在发生什么。

Was it our imagination, this cluster of epileptics?

这群癫痫症患者是我们的想象吗？

Is it a coincidence that these women are having miscarriages or is it real?

这些女性流产是巧合还是真实存在？

And so we just wanted to see what was really going on.

所以我们只是想看看到底发生了什么。

We wanted to find out.

我们想找出答案。

No one else would tell us, we'll find out for ourselves.

没有人会告诉我们，我们自己去发现。

And that's when we did the health study.

那就是我们进行健康研究的时候。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Lois Gibbs and the other mothers didn't know how to conduct health surveys.

Keith O'Brien，作者：Lois Gibbs 和其他母亲不知道如何进行健康调查。

Beverly Paigen gives them a way to do that.

贝弗利·佩根为他们提供了一种方法来做到这一点。

She tells them what questions to ask, how to ask them.

她告诉他们要问什么问题，如何问他们。

And with her help, they're able to start building their own data.

在她的帮助下，他们能够开始构建自己的数据。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: We were at my house one night and we're like putting these things on a pin map, you know, and it was like, red is for miscarriages, blue is for cancer, whatever the color code was.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：一天晚上我们在我家，我们就像把这些东西放在大头针地图上，你知道，就像，红色代表流产，蓝色代表癌症，无论颜色代码是什么。

And we were realizing that, oh my gosh, some of these things are really clustering, like epilepsy around my house and, you know, birth defects over here.

我们意识到，天哪，其中一些事情确实聚集在一起，比如我家周围的癫痫病，以及这里的出生缺陷。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: One neighborhood was severe heart and lung problems, and another neighborhood was female cancers, and then in my area there was a lot of miscarriages.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，住院医师：一个社区存在严重的心脏和肺部问题，另一个社区存在女性癌症，然后在我所在的地区发生了很多流产。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: So we went back and started interviewing people in those areas where there was clustering of diseases, and the old timers would tell us about an old creek that was there.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：所以我们回去开始采访那些疾病聚集地区的人们，老人们会告诉我们那里有一条古老的小溪。

And how it was backfilled with construction waste and then dirt.

以及如何用建筑垃圾和泥土回填它。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Sometime in 1978, the State Department of Health unearthed aerial photographs of the neighborhood from just before Hooker Chemical began using the land as a dump.

Keith O'Brien，作者：1978 年的某个时候，美国国务院发现了胡克化学公司开始将这片土地用作垃圾场之前该地区的航拍照片。

And in these photographs there was a series of streams, or as they called them swales, that cut through the neighborhood moving in every which direction.

在这些照片中，有一系列溪流，或者他们称之为洼地，它们穿过社区，向各个方向流动。

When Lois began to connect the dots, finding these clusters around the old swales, and Beverly studied it for herself, she was alarmed.

当路易斯开始把这些点联系起来，在旧洼地周围发现这些集群时，贝弗利亲自研究它，她感到震惊。

Keith O'Brien, Author: If it was true that human health problems seemed to follow the old swales, then it was true that the human threat was much farther than state and federal officials had originally indicated.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：如果人类健康问题似乎确实是随着古老的洼地而来，那么人类面临的威胁确实比州和联邦官员最初表示的要远得多。

Beverly Paigen ultimately flew to a meeting in Albany with these maps and with this data.

贝弗利·佩根最终带着这些地图和数据飞往奥尔巴尼参加会议。

And she recalled that when she boarded the plane that day with this tube of maps and photographs, that she felt like she was carrying something explosive.

她回忆说，那天她带着这筒地图和照片登上飞机时，感觉自己好像带着爆炸物。

She said she felt like she was carrying a bomb.

她说她感觉自己就像带着炸弹。

Keith O'Brien, Author: The same health officials that she had met with in Albany had spoken to the press and they dismissed what she had presented that day.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：她在奥尔巴尼会见的卫生官员向媒体发表了讲话，他们驳回了她当天提出的内容。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: They thought we were useless housewives.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），居民：他们认为我们是无用的家庭主妇。

Marie Rice, Reporter: I never heard of anything so insulting...

记者玛丽·赖斯：我从来没有听说过如此侮辱性的事情......

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: ...The useless house housewife data?

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：……无用的家庭主妇数据？

Yeah, there was hundreds and hundreds of hours put into that paperwork.

是的，我们花了成百上千个小时来完成这些文书工作。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: Government talked down to us all the time.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：政府一直居高临下地对我们说话。

‘Where did you learn epidemiology?

“你在哪里学的流行病学？

You can't even say it.’ but We weren't intimidated.

你甚至不能说出来。”但我们并没有被吓倒。

It was fine.

很好。

Do whatever you want, but we're going to keep moving.

做你想做的事，但我们会继续前进。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Dr. Beverly Paigen: Cancer is not the only thing these chemicals cause, these chemicals cause birth defects…

存档视频：Beverly Paigen 博士：癌症不是这些化学物质唯一引起的疾病，这些化学物质还会导致出生缺陷……

Lois Gibbs, Resident: But I think Beverly doesn't feel the same way.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：但我认为贝弗利并不这么认为。

She was a professional, a researcher, and she worked for the New York State Health Department, so the ramifications for her actions was tremendous.

她是一名专业人士、一名研究人员，并且在纽约州卫生部门工作，因此她的行为产生了巨大的影响。

Jennifer Thomson, Historian: From the state's perspective, all the health study did was amass anecdotal data and map it onto one understanding of the neighborhood's environment, which is very complex.

历史学家詹妮弗·汤姆森：从国家的角度来看，健康研究所做的只是收集轶事数据，并将其映射到对社区环境的一种理解上，这是非常复杂的。

You would need to know what chemical was there, how long it had been there, how that interacts with people's individual biological makeup, how much time they actually spend in their house, what do they get exposed to at work?

你需要知道那里有什么化学物质，它在那里存在了多长时间，它如何与人们的个人生物构成相互作用，他们实际上在家里度过了多少时间，他们在工作中接触到了什么？

It is virtually impossible to establish causality.

建立因果关系实际上是不可能的。

Keith O'Brien, Author: And so for David Axelrod, for the EPA, and for other officials in New York and Washington, it was very difficult to know where to draw the line.

作者基思·奥布莱恩：对于大卫·阿克塞尔罗德、美国环保局以及纽约和华盛顿的其他官员来说，很难知道在哪里划清界限。

Who was safe and who wasn't?

谁是安全的，谁不是？

Richard Newman, Historian: Over and over again what you see with Love Canal is that it was a first.

历史学家理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman）：您一次又一次地看到拉夫运河是第一次。

And they’re trying to clean up a hazardous waste site that sits below an occupied neighborhood– how do you do that?

他们正试图清理位于有人居住的社区下方的危险废物场——你要怎么做呢？

It’s never been done before.

这是以前从未做过的。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: The work itself was totally terrifying.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：工作本身非常可怕。

Nobody knew what was going to happen if there was a spark from the backhoe hitting a barrel or something, the whole thing would blow up.

没有人知道会发生什么，如果反铲产生的火花撞到桶或其他什么东西，整个东西就会爆炸。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: What are we going to do if this blows up?

Patti Grenzy，住院医师：如果爆炸了我们该怎么办？

Patti Grenzy, Resident: So they put buses in the neighborhood and they sat there with their engines going all day.

帕蒂·格伦齐（Patti Grenzy），居民：所以他们把公共汽车放在附近，然后他们坐在那里，引擎整天运转。

The idea was that if there was an emergency, those bus drivers that they hired would sit there and wait for you and your children to run down the street to get on the bus if there was an explosion.

这个想法是，如果发生紧急情况，他们雇佣的公交车司机会坐在那里，等你和你的孩子在发生爆炸时跑到街上上公交车。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: We had our papers and our knapsacks ready to grab and run.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：我们已经准备好了证件和背包，可以抓起并逃跑。

This is like your mortgage, your health insurance, the stuff you put in a safe case of a fire, right?

这就像你的抵押贷款、你的健康保险、你放在火灾保险柜里的东西，对吧？

We're going to have to grab our baby, grab our knapsack, and you know, it was insane.

我们必须抓住我们的孩子，抓住我们的背包，你知道，这太疯狂了。

We literally, every single day, had to wake up to the reality that we may have to run for our lives.

事实上，我们每一天都必须醒悟到我们可能不得不逃命的现实。

Luella Kenny, Resident: I started reading all of these articles around the beginning of August.

Luella Kenny，住院医生：我从八月初开始阅读所有这些文章。

I was aware of what was happening, that they had been evacuating the whole area.

我知道发生了什么事，他们已经疏散了整个地区。

And I'm just thinking, oh, it's a block and a half away and it really doesn't affect me.

我只是想，哦，那是一个半街区远，它真的不会影响我。

I was working full time.

我当时是全职工作。

I would go in at 7:30 in the morning and come home and be able to pick the children up at school.

我会在早上 7:30 回家，然后去学校接孩子们。

Steven was nine years old and Chris was eleven and Jon was six years old.

史蒂文九岁，克里斯十一岁，乔恩六岁。

Jon was such a little imp, you know, and he had this black curly hair and the sweetest smile and there was something special about him, something very special.

乔恩是个小鬼，你知道，他有一头黑色的卷发和最甜蜜的微笑，他有一些特别的东西，非常特别的东西。

It's 45 years later now, but I still feel, you know, I still feel it.

现在已经 45 年过去了，但我仍然有这种感觉，你知道，我仍然有这种感觉。

June of 1978, Jon suddenly, his stomach was distended and he was swelling up, so it looked like he was getting allergies.

1978年6月，乔恩突然觉得肚子胀了，而且全身浮肿，看来是过敏了。

But the pediatrician took one look at him and she knew exactly what was wrong with him, that he had immune response disease called minimal lesion nephrosis.

但儿科医生一看他，就知道他到底出了什么问题，他患有免疫反应疾病，称为微小病变肾病。

But they told me it was the best disease a child could have because it's treatable and he'd be over it by the time he's 14.

但他们告诉我，这是对孩子来说最好的疾病，因为它是可以治疗的，而且到他 14 岁时就会痊愈。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Physician: Most children with nephrosis do very well.

存档视频： 医生：大多数肾病儿童的情况都很好。

They may have a relapse sometime shortly after the initial episode, but most of them go on to lead perfectly healthy lives with no further recurrences.

他们可能在初次发作后不久就会复发，但他们中的大多数人都会继续过着完全健康的生活，没有进一步复发。

Luella Kenny, Resident: Jon was in the hospital for a whole month.

卢埃拉·肯尼（Luella Kenny），住院医师：乔恩在医院住了整整一个月。

The nurses loved him because he was not a difficult patient.

护士们都很喜欢他，因为他不是一个难相处的病人。

He didn't complain.

他没有抱怨。

Finally, with treatment, he went into remission and he was sent home again.

最后，经过治疗，他的病情得到缓解，再次出院回家。

As soon as he would come home, within a few days, he was no longer in remission.

当他回家后，几天之内，他的病情就不再缓解了。

I would take him in the hospital and he'd go into remission.

我会带他去医院，他的病情就会得到缓解。

Then I'd take him back home again.

然后我会再次带他回家。

Then the remission was gone and it was the same story.

然后缓解消失了，又是同样的情况。

So it was very strange.

所以这很奇怪。

Unfortunately, I didn't know, I mean, he was playing in the backyard, he was a little kid.

不幸的是，我不知道，我的意思是，他当时在后院玩耍，他还是个小孩子。

You know, his favorite pastime would be to play games in the back of the house.

你知道，他最喜欢的消遣是在房子后面玩游戏。

We just didn't know what was in the backyard.

我们只是不知道后院有什么。

Michael Brown, Reporter: I knew, months before it was considered an emergency, that Hooker had manufactured components of dioxin, at least 200 tons of it.

记者迈克尔·布朗：在被视为紧急情况的几个月前，我就知道胡克生产了二恶英成分，至少有 200 吨。

That was as much dioxin as had been spread in Vietnam with all the Agent Orange.

这相当于越南用橙剂传播的二恶英含量。

That was the amount that you could calculate as being in the Love Canal.

这就是你可以计算出的拉夫运河的数量。

Stephen Lester, Toxicologist: Dioxin is a highly potent carcinogen and it causes its effects at the parts per trillion level, which is even hard to comprehend.

毒理学家史蒂芬·莱斯特：二恶英是一种强效致癌物，其影响达到万亿分之一的水平，甚至难以理解。

Luella Kenny, Resident: By the middle of September, Jon was so sick he just spent the whole time laying on the couch.

Luella Kenny，住院医师：到了九月中旬，乔恩病得很重，他一直躺在沙发上。

When we took him to the hospital, his stomach was so distended, we had to put suspenders on him.

当我们把他送到医院时，他的肚子胀得很厉害，我们不得不给他穿上背带。

Soon he was in an oxygen tent, couldn't breathe, and he looked scared.

很快他就进了氧气帐，无法呼吸，看上去很害怕。

And he had those big brown eyes that were staring out at us through there.

他有一双棕色的大眼睛，透过那里盯着我们。

And we tried to reassure him and tell him he'd be okay and that we were going to be nearby, because they wouldn't let us stay.

我们试图安抚他，告诉他他会没事的，而且我们会在附近，因为他们不会让我们留下来。

My mother had packed some eggplant Parmesan sandwiches.

我妈妈带了一些茄子帕尔玛三明治。

We went to the cafeteria to eat and all of a sudden we hear his doctor being paged to the ICU.

我们去自助餐厅吃饭，突然听到他的医生被传呼到重症监护室。

Norman and I ran out of that room.

诺曼和我跑出了那个房间。

We threw the sandwiches in the garbage and we went there and I mean, we knew.

我们把三明治扔进垃圾桶，然后去了那里，我的意思是，我们知道。

We just knew.

我们刚刚知道。

The first thing I blurted out was ‘I want an autopsy’ because, you know, they told me that was the best disease a child could have.

我脱口而出的第一句话是“我想要尸检”，因为，你知道，他们告诉我，这是一个孩子可能患上的最好的疾病。

You just can't believe it, that he was gone like that.

你简直不敢相信，他就这样走了。

People said, ‘well, yes, Mrs. Kenny, probably your son's death was due to the chemicals’.

人们说，“嗯，是的，肯尼夫人，你儿子的死可能是由于化学物质造成的”。

I kept saying, I said, ‘I don't think so.’ I said, ‘I want to see the evidence first.’ Maybe it's the scientist in me.

我一直说，‘我不这么认为。’我说，‘我想先看看证据。’也许这就是我身上的科学家精神。

My husband was also a scientist, so we were trying to be objective.

我丈夫也是一名科学家，所以我们努力保持客观。

I mean, I'm not going to jump on a bandwagon when I have no proof.

我的意思是，在没有证据的情况下我不会跟风。

My husband and I went to the medical libraries and we started researching and I found all of these articles that said that nephrosis could be caused by exposure to chemicals.

我和我丈夫去了医学图书馆，我们开始研究，我发现所有这些文章都说肾病可能是由于接触化学物质引起的。

It was one of the worst feelings I've ever had because I did not want it to be that.

这是我有过的最糟糕的感觉之一，因为我不想那样。

You just wonder, I mean, how did you miss it?

你只是想知道，我的意思是，你是怎么错过的？

You know, but you did.

你知道，但你做到了。

Later on, they come out and they say, there's dioxin behind where my house was.

后来他们出来说，我家后面有二恶英。

There's 32 parts per billion in that creek.

那条小溪里有十亿分之三十二。

I mean, Jon was back there all the time.

我的意思是，乔恩一直都在那里。

You know, you blame yourself.

你知道，你责怪自己。

Why didn't we move?

我们为什么不搬家？

Why did you do this?

你为什么这么做？

Why didn't you do that?

你为什么不这么做？

I mean, you should have been paying attention.

我的意思是，你应该一直注意。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: When Luella lost her son.

帕蒂·格伦齐（Patti Grenzy），住院医师：当卢埃拉（Luella）失去儿子时。

Once you get past feeling so horrible for them, then somewhere in the back of your mind that little voice is saying, that could be you.

一旦你不再对他们感到如此可怕，那么你脑海深处的某个地方就会有一个小小的声音在说，那可能就是你。

That could be your kids.

那可能是你的孩子。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: They found it in my backyard too.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：他们也在我的后院发现了它。

They found dioxin on the surface soil where my kids crawled on their hands and knees and chewed on the toys and all.

他们在表层土壤中发现了二恶英，我的孩子们用手和膝盖爬行，咀嚼玩具等。

So it was getting scarier and scarier.

于是，事情变得越来越可怕。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: We felt that yes, the cleanup was dangerous, and that the people doing it really didn't know what they were doing, it was more like an experiment.

Jannie Grant-Freeney，居民：我们觉得，是的，清理工作很危险，而且做这件事的人真的不知道自己在做什么，这更像是一个实验。

If you're disturbing chemicals, then you're releasing them into the air.

如果你干扰了化学物质，那么你就会将它们释放到空气中。

We were already having problems with them, but to open them up, we didn't know if people were going to be dropping dead or what, but sometimes I sit back and I says, did I live through that?

我们已经遇到了问题，但要打开它们，我们不知道人们是否会死掉或者什么，但有时我会坐下来，我说，我经历过这些吗？

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: We had the trucks driving through the neighborhood with dirty tires after they had driven on the canal itself and then people would walk down the road and they’d go in their homes and it was just a mess.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：我们让卡车在运河上行驶后，轮胎脏了，然后在附近行驶，然后人们沿着路走，回到自己的家中，场面一片混乱。

So we knew that digging was making things worse in the neighborhood.

所以我们知道挖掘会让附近的情况变得更糟。

We had to raise holy hell to stop that.

我们必须发起神圣的地狱来阻止这种情况。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: We protested literally every day.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：我们几乎每天都在抗议。

Mostly us at either end of the canal, not letting the trucks come in.

我们大多数人都在运河的两端，不让卡车进来。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: We never were able to actually stop them, but it was more to educate our local leaders and our local community, but also the media to say, look at this is what's happening.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：我们从来没能真正阻止他们，但更多的是教育我们的当地领导人和当地社区，还有媒体说，看看这就是正在发生的事情。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Reporter: Eight more arrests today at the Love Canal area of Niagara Falls, New York.

档案视频：记者：今天在纽约尼亚加拉瀑布的拉夫运河地区又有八人被捕。

Police officer: Can you have a seat in the car please?

警察：请问您能在车上坐下吗？

Keith O'Brien, Author: Initially, politicians weren't afraid of Lois Gibbs or any other mother.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：最初，政客们并不害怕路易斯·吉布斯或任何其他母亲。

But within a couple of months they were.

但几个月之内，他们就做到了。

Especially Governor Hugh Carey.

尤其是休·凯里州长。

He was up for reelection.

他准备竞选连任。

He was in a dog fight to win.

他正在一场狗斗中争取胜利。

Governor Carey made multiple visits to the Niagara Falls area.

凯里州长多次访问尼亚加拉大瀑布地区。

He made sure he was photographed with Lois Gibbs.

他确保自己与洛伊丝·吉布斯合影。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: I was a political threat to him.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：我对他来说是一个政治威胁。

I could unseat him.

我可以推翻他。

The same was true with President Carter.

卡特总统也是如此。

I was their enemy.

我是他们的敌人。

I was their worst nightmare.

我是他们最可怕的噩梦。

We decided that Governor Carey was the one who could give us what we wanted, and so we just targeted him.

我们认为凯里州长是能够满足我们需求的人，所以我们就以他为目标。

Every time he came to anywhere in Western New York, there was a troupe of people who would go and greet him.

每次他来到纽约西部的任何一个地方，都会有一群人去迎接他。

Luella Kenny, Resident: He's looking at us saying, ‘well, if you're so concerned about your children, why don't you take them home?

卢埃拉·肯尼（Luella Kenny），住院医师：他看着我们说，‘好吧，如果你这么关心你的孩子，为什么不把他们带回家呢？

Don't stand here out in the rain’.

不要站在雨中。”

You know, after a while, you can just take so much.

你知道，过了一段时间，你就可以承受这么多了。

Marie Rice, Reporter: Those women kept that story out there and they quickly learn, especially for us, the television media, we can't tell a story without pictures.

记者玛丽·赖斯：那些妇女把这个故事放在那里，她们很快就知道，特别是对于我们电视媒体来说，我们无法在没有图片的情况下讲述故事。

So they would come up with all different ways to get our attention, which would get the cameras there.

所以他们会想出各种不同的方式来引起我们的注意，从而让摄像机到达那里。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Reporter: Reacting to White House refusal to buy their homes, angry residents of chemically polluted Love Canal dragged out dummies in the street and burned the Carter family in effigy.

档案视频：记者：作为对白宫拒绝购买房屋的反应，受到化学污染的拉夫运河的愤怒居民在街上拖出假人，并烧毁了卡特一家的肖像。

Patti Grenzy, Resident: My mother used to say, they're just using you, meaning the media.

Patti Grenzy，住院医师：我母亲过去常说，他们只是在利用你，指的是媒体。

I said, yeah, ma, but we're using them.

我说，是的，妈妈，但我们正在使用它们。

We kept them busy with stories, and so they kind of, like, scratched our back and we scratched their back.

我们让他们忙于讲故事，所以他们就像是挠我们的背，我们也挠他们的背。

Ernie Grenzy, Resident: On Saturdays I could go and I could protest and we brought our kids and we would be yelling, ‘we want out, we want out.’ And I remember being home one day and my girls were three and two or less, and I hear from the bathroom, they're in the tub, they're yelling, ‘we want out, we want out.’ It was funny at first, but then after it settled in, you're wondering, really, how does it affect them?

厄尼·格伦齐（Ernie Grenzy），居民：周六我可以去，我可以抗议，我们带着我们的孩子，我们会大喊，“我们要出去，我们要出去。”我记得有一天我回到家，我的女儿们三岁和两岁或更小，我听到浴室里传来她们在浴缸里的声音，她们大喊，“我们要出去，我们要出去。”一开始很有趣，但在它安顿下来后，你会想，真的，这对她们有什么影响？

‘Cause we don't know.

因为我们不知道。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: Just our block alone, I was flabbergasted to see how many people divorced.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：仅在我们这个街区，我就惊讶地发现有多少人离婚了。

People were riled up and angry and there was no place to take that anger to, so then the wives and the husbands were fighting.

人们被激怒了，愤怒无处发泄，于是妻子和丈夫就吵起来了。

My husband couldn't understand why I had to keep going.

我丈夫不明白为什么我必须继续前进。

I tried to explain to him that these people helped you get out, and if it wasn't for those people, we'd be still stuck in Love Canal.

我试图向他解释，这些人帮助你逃了出来，如果没有那些人，我们仍然会被困在拉夫运河里。

I had two fights going on.

我有两次打架经历。

It was not a good time.

这不是一个好时机。

Ernie Grenzy, Resident: The state held most of their meetings and their press releases and all that stuff while I was at work and left the wives to fight.

厄尼·格伦齐（Ernie Grenzy），居民：州政府举行了大部分会议、新闻稿以及所有这些事情，而我却在工作，而让妻子们去战斗。

And the state made a big mistake by doing that because the women fought more than any man could.

国家这样做犯了一个大错误，因为女性的战斗力比任何男性都多。

Hell hath no fury like a woman guarding her children.

地狱没有比保护孩子的女人更愤怒的了。

Amy Hay, Historian: The Department of Health analyzed the reported miscarriages and they realize that it is higher, much higher than it should be.

艾米·海伊（Amy Hay），历史学家：卫生部分析了报告的流产率，他们意识到流产率要高，远远高于应有的水平。

There is some evidence later on that the chemicals might have actually been distributed via the storm sewers.

后来有一些证据表明这些化学物质实际上可能是通过雨水管道分布的。

But the miscarriage data absolutely lends credence to the idea that there are other ways the chemicals have been dispersed from the canal site.

但流产数据绝对证实了化学物质还有其他方式从运河部位扩散的想法。

Carol Jones, Resident: The fact that it was being recognized was huge.

卡罗尔·琼斯（Carol Jones），住院医师：它被认可的事实是巨大的。

But my mother might have felt that it was a bit too late.There are just so many things that you can't change from the past, and I know she wished that they had heard her from the beginning.

但我母亲可能觉得有点太晚了。有太多的事情是你无法改变过去的，我知道她希望他们从一开始就听到她的声音。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: They agreed to move pregnant women and children under two temporarily in the outer community.

居民路易斯·吉布斯 (Lois Gibbs)：他们同意将孕妇和两岁以下的儿童暂时转移到外部社区。

Meaning when your child reaches the age of two, you must come back to that home.

这意味着当您的孩子两岁时，您必须回到那个家。

Or if your pregnancy terminated early, you had to move back to that home.

或者，如果您的妊娠提前终止，您就必须搬回那个家。

You can imagine having a miscarriage and moving back to the home that caused you to have a miscarriage?

您可以想象流产并搬回导致您流产的家吗？

It was just insane.

这太疯狂了。

Michael Tolli, Resident: You would hear all the mothers, you know, worried and concerned with their kids growing up.

迈克尔·托利（Michael Tolli），住院医师：你会听到所有的母亲都对孩子的成长感到担忧和担忧。

So I heard that many times.

所以我多次听到过这样的说法。

Michael Tolli, Resident: That night, I didn't really have any plan for a question, but then it just came out.

迈克尔·托利（Michael Tolli），住院医师：那天晚上，我并没有任何计划要问问题，但后来它就出来了。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: It was very difficult to not have a ready solution.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：没有现成的解决方案是非常困难的。

Even with hurricanes and natural disasters, it was temporary relocation.

即使遇到飓风和自然灾害，这也是临时搬迁。

Putting people in temporary homes until the waters receded, they cleaned up the muck and mire from the homes from a flood and people stabilized their homes or did whatever they did.

他们把人们安置在临时住所里，直到洪水退去，清理洪水造成的房屋内的淤泥和淤泥，人们稳定住所或做任何他们能做的事。

But it was not permanent relocation.

但这并不是永久性的搬迁。

We had to really think outside the box.

我们必须真正跳出框框思考。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: We needed legislation that said, if you pollute, you are going to pay for the damage to the environment that you have caused.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：我们需要立法规定，如果你污染了，你就要为你造成的环境破坏付出代价。

But EPA people said to me, it would be helpful, politically, if this were not just a Western New York problem.

但环保署的人对我说，如果这不仅仅是纽约州西部的问题，那么从政治上来说这将会有所帮助。

ARCHIVAL VIDEO: Reporter: Shakopee, Minnesota, outside Minneapolis, a spectacular fire burns 4,000 waste drums sending noxious clouds of smoke and some of the barrels into the sky.

档案视频：记者：明尼苏达州沙科皮，在明尼阿波利斯郊外，一场壮观的大火烧毁了 4,000 个废桶，产生有毒烟雾，部分桶升上天空。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: : Once people saw that it was across the country, then they were going to be in the same situation.

国会助理邦妮·卡斯珀：一旦人们看到全国各地都有这种情况，他们就会陷入同样的​​境地。

And it would mean that you could bring more members of Congress to bear on the problem and get action.

这意味着你可以让更多的国会议员来解决这个问题并采取行动。

John LaFalce, U.S. Representative: It had to be a big bill.

美国众议员约翰·拉法尔斯：这一定是一笔大账单。

And that's how it came to be known as the Superfund, meaning there's a lot of money there.

这就是它被称为超级基金的原因，意思是那里有很多钱。

And of course, we had a big issue as well, how do you fund Superfund?

当然，我们也遇到了一个大问题，你如何为超级基金提供资金？

And I assure you that the companies who had to put up a portion of the money for the fund did not come along willingly.

我向你们保证，那些不得不为该基金提供部分资金的公司并不是自愿加入的。

Keith O'Brien, Author: The sale of the land for a dollar in 1953 came with a very important caveat.

基思·奥布莱恩 (Keith O'Brien)，作者：1953 年以一美元的价格出售土地时附带了一个非常重要的警告。

Should there be any future problems at the site involving environmental hazards, it would be the city's problem.

如果该地点未来出现任何涉及环境危害的问题，那将是城市的问题。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: That tells you right there, they knew, they knew that there was a problem.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：这告诉你，他们知道，他们知道存在问题。

Now, the school board, I can't get in their heads, but I don't know if they didn't want to know or they just actually were naive enough to think that Hooker was just giving it to them because they were good corporate citizens.

现在，学校董事会，我无法理解他们的想法，但我不知道他们是否不想知道，或者他们只是天真地认为胡克只是把它给他们，因为他们是优秀的企业公民。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Ultimately, the people at the Board of Education were not scientists.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：归根结底，教育委员会的人不是科学家。

City officials were not scientists or chemical experts.

市政府官员不是科学家或化学专家。

The only people who were, were at Hooker Chemical.

唯一的人是胡克化学公司的。

And they knew how that land was going to be used.

他们知道这片土地将如何使用。

And they sold it anyway.

但他们还是把它卖了。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Hooker goes on a sort of PR offensive and begins to take out advertisements in all the local media, reminding people of the jobs they provided, reminding people of all the money they injected back into the city.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：胡克发起了某种公关攻势，开始在当地所有媒体上刊登广告，提醒人们他们提供的工作，提醒人们他们向城市注入的所有资金。

Richard Newman, Historian: When that doesn't work and the complaints don't go away, Hooker officials, when they testify before Congress say, look, you all should know that we produce really toxic stuff.

理查德·纽曼，历史学家：当这不起作用并且抱怨没有消失时，胡克官员在国会作证时说，听着，你们都应该知道我们生产真正有毒的东西。

But we also produce miracles in American life.

但我们也在美国生活中创造奇迹。

Everything that American industry and consumer life is based on depends on chemicals, and sometimes we have to recognize that chemicals are made from hazardous material.

美国工业和消费者生活所依赖的一切都依赖于化学品，有时我们必须认识到化学品是由危险材料制成的。

Jennifer Thomson, Historian: It's oftentimes argued that we have to expect some negative effects from the conveniences of modern life.

詹妮弗·汤姆森，历史学家：人们经常认为，我们必须预料到现代生活的便利会带来一些负面影响。

We all bear some burden for the presence of toxic substances in our environment.

我们都因环境中有毒物质的存在而承受一定的负担。

But I would argue that only some people have choices about what gets produced.

但我认为只有一些人对生产什么有选择。

Only some people have choices about what gets regulated and for the most part, the remainder of society, and in particular, its poorest members, are oftentimes the Guineapigs for these substances.

只有部分人可以选择对哪些物质进行监管，而在大多数情况下，社会的其余部分，特别是最贫困的成员，往往是这些物质的“豚鼠”。

Richard Newman, Historian: Summer of 1979 is a real tipping point for the Love Canal crisis.

历史学家理查德·纽曼 (Richard Newman)：1979 年夏天是拉夫运河危机的真正转折点。

In the last year, there have been two state health declarations and one federal emergency declaration.

去年，有两项州健康声明和一项联邦紧急状态声明。

But the majority of families are still living in Love Canal.

但大多数家庭仍然住在拉夫运河里。

And with remediation and the summer dust and the summer heat, the smells are worse than ever.

随着修复工作以及夏季灰尘和夏季炎热的影响，气味比以往任何时候都更严重。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Residents reported that it was hard to even go outside.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：居民报告说，他们甚至很难出去。

And Lois Gibbs used this as leverage.

洛伊丝·吉布斯以此为杠杆。

She argued that people couldn't live like this.

她认为人们不能这样生活。

And ultimately, state officials agreed to a short term fix.

最终，州官员同意进行短期修复。

Governor Carey still remained opposed to any more evacuations, but anyone still trapped inside their homes, both homeowners and the residents of Griffon Manor, were given the opportunity to stay in local hotels.

凯里州长仍然反对进一步疏散，但任何仍然被困在家里的人，无论是房主还是格里芬庄园的居民，都有机会住在当地的酒店。

Keith O'Brien, Author: And suddenly across Niagara Falls, people were living almost like refugees in their own city.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：突然间，尼亚加拉瀑布对面的人们在自己的城市里几乎像难民一样生活。

Grace McCoulf, Resident: Basically that whole floor was Love Canal people.

Grace McCoulf，居民：基本上整个楼层都是拉夫运河的人。

Grace McCoulf, Resident: We would get the kids to go to bed and then at eight o'clock we would sit in the hallway and talk.

Grace McCoulf，住院医生：我们会让孩子们去睡觉，然后在八点钟我们会坐在走廊里聊天。

That was like our living room.

那就像我们的客厅。

Keith O'Brien, Author: This was summer in Niagara Falls, which was still a very popular vacation destination.

Keith O'Brien，作者：那是尼亚加拉瀑布的夏天，那里仍然是一个非常受欢迎的度假胜地。

Hotel managers didn't want a bunch of Love Canal families in their hotel rooms, in their hallways, children everywhere.

酒店经理不希望酒店房间里、走廊里都是一群拉夫运河家庭，到处都是孩子。

They became known at this point as the ‘Love Canal people’.

此时他们被称为“拉夫运河人”。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: One time a waitress comes to take our order and she said, ‘are you Love Canal or are you normal?’ And I just looked at her and said, ‘well, I'm both.'

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：有一次，一位女服务员来给我们点菜，她说，“你是拉夫运河还是正常人？”我只是看着她说，“好吧，我都是。”

Keith O'Brien, Author: The state was spending about $7500 a day to put up people in hotels in Niagara Falls for more than two months.

Keith O'Brien，作者：该州每天花费约 7500 美元让人们在尼亚加拉大瀑布的酒店住两个多月。

At that rate, they could have bought a home in the neighborhood about every three days.

按照这个速度，他们大约每三天就可以在附近买一套房子。

Keith O'Brien, Author: The residents at that point had been fighting for a year.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：当时的居民已经战斗了一年。

At the time, if you would've asked them if they were winning, the answer would've been no. Many of them were still trapped in their homes.

当时，如果你问他们是否获胜，答案是否定的。他们中的许多人仍然被困在家里。

But effectively they were winning because with every single passing day they were keeping this story in the news.

但实际上他们赢了，因为他们每天都在新闻中报道这个故事。

They were refusing to back down.

他们拒绝退缩。

They were fighting again and again.

他们一次又一次地战斗。

They kept showing up to meetings.

他们不断出席会议。

The Love Canal mothers wouldn't go away.

爱运河的母亲们不会消失。

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: EPA was going to sue Hooker.

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: EPA was going to sue Hooker.

So the chromosome study was trying to get evidence.

因此，染色体研究正试图获取证据。

I was upset when I saw the results and then they said, well, you have to go up there and talk to them about this.

当我看到结果时我很沮丧，然后他们说，好吧，你必须去那里和他们谈谈这件事。

And I did, but I knew it was very bad news and it was going to cause a panic.

我确实这么做了，但我知道这是一个非常坏的消息，而且会引起恐慌。

Barbara Quimby, Resident: In a way, it was an answer because my husband and I didn't know what was wrong.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：在某种程度上，这是一个答案，因为我和我丈夫不知道出了什么问题。

But it was hard, ‘cause again, it's like, damn, you Hooker, did this to my child.

但这很难，因为再次，就像，该死的，你这个胡克，对我的孩子做了这样的事情。

I was only just 26.

我当时才26岁。

Hooker decided I'm not having any more children.

胡克决定我不再要孩子了。

They made the decision for me.

他们为我做出了决定。

Richard Newman, Historian: The chromosome study is very controversial.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：染色体研究非常有争议。

Soon after it was released, the study was flagged and defined as flawed.

Soon after it was released, the study was flagged and defined as flawed.

Stephen Lester, Toxicologist: It was just a pilot study to see if in fact, there was evidence.

毒理学家斯蒂芬·莱斯特：这只是一项试点研究，目的是看看是否确实有证据。

So that was criticized for not being a full fledged study.

So that was criticized for not being a full fledged study.

But in research the first thing to do is a pilot study.

But in research the first thing to do is a pilot study.

You don’t devote the resources to do a full fledged study without knowing what you have.

在不知道自己拥有什么的情况下，您不会投入资源进行全面的研究。

Barbara Davis Blum, Deputy Administrator, EPA: There was no control group.

芭芭拉·戴维斯·布鲁姆（Barbara Davis Blum），美国环保局副局长：没有对照组。

They took people who already had problems as part of the study.

他们将已经遇到问题的人作为研究的一部分。

Barbara Davis Blum, Deputy Administrator, EPA: : So, it was certainly a flawed study, but there was no comforting anyone.

Barbara Davis Blum, Deputy Administrator, EPA: : So, it was certainly a flawed study, but there was no comforting anyone.

It was the hardest thing that I did the entire time that I was EPA.

It was the hardest thing that I did the entire time that I was EPA.

God, I really felt for those people.

天啊，我真的很同情那些人。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: People lost it around the chromosome study.

Lois Gibbs, Resident: People lost it around the chromosome study.

That was a straw that broke the camel's back.

那是压垮骆驼的一根稻草。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: Suddenly, there were hundreds of people at the office outside.

居民路易斯·吉布斯 (Lois Gibbs)：突然间，外面的办公室里聚集了数百人。

And they are angry.

他们很生气。

I mean, to the bone, angry.

我的意思是，愤怒到骨子里。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Politicians and health officials have to scramble to handle this, and they send multiple people to Niagara Falls, including two EPA officials.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：政治家和卫生官员必须争先恐后地处理这个问题，他们派了多人到尼亚加拉瀑布，其中包括两名美国环保局官员。

Marie Rice, Reporter: So the two EPA officials came there that day and they were going to speak to the residents who were gathering outside.

记者玛丽·赖斯：所以那天两位环保局官员来到了那里，他们要与聚集在外面的居民交谈。

But the crowd started getting a little bit bigger and it got a little bit hectic out there.

But the crowd started getting a little bit bigger and it got a little bit hectic out there.

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: I talked to Lois Gibbs a number of times.

Charles Warren, Regional Administrator, EPA: I talked to Lois Gibbs a number of times.

She was saying, listen, there's an angry mob here.

她说，听着，这里有一群愤怒的暴徒。

We think we should keep him here and protect ‘em.

我们认为我们应该把他留在这里并保护他们。

I said, okay, but let's not make it where it looks like a hostage situation.

I said, okay, but let's not make it where it looks like a hostage situation.

If you're trying to threaten us in some way, I don't think that's productive.

如果你试图以某种方式威胁我们，我认为这不会产生任何效果。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: I stood by the back door ‘cause I was the big guy, and there were police everywhere.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，居民：我站在后门，因为我是个大人物，到处都是警察。

The crowd was building and they were getting more and more angry and the police were standing with their Billy clubs and with their hands on their guns, and it was a real scary situation.

人群越来越多，他们变得越来越愤怒，警察拿着比利棍棒站着，手上拿着枪，这真是一个可怕的情况。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: The FBI said, okay, Lois, here's the deal.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），居民：联邦调查局说，好吧，路易斯，事情就是这样。

They knew it was gonna blow up any minute and they said, we're going to come in and get them in five minutes.

他们知道它随时都会爆炸，他们说，我们会在五分钟内进去救他们。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: So Wednesday at noon was our deadline.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：周三中午是我们的截止日期。

We didn't know what was going to happen Wednesday at noon.

我们不知道周三中午会发生什么。

We had no plan.

我们没有计划。

Keith O'Brien, Author: Lois had created this sort of false deadline.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：路易斯创造了这种虚假的截止日期。

She just made it up.

她刚刚弥补了这一点。

And, you know, the White House didn't need to respond to that necessarily.

而且，你知道，白宫不一定需要对此做出回应。

But in internal memos back and forth between Jimmy Carter and his chief of staff, there is a sense that these people have suffered long enough.

但从吉米·卡特和他的幕僚长之间的内部备忘录中可以看出，这些人已经受够了痛苦。

Lois Gibbs, Resident: And so Wednesday precisely at noon, I got a chair outside of the Love Canal office ‘cause I knew everybody would be there.

路易斯·吉布斯（Lois Gibbs），住院医师：周三中午，我在拉夫运河办公室外找到了一把椅子，因为我知道每个人都会在那里。

And took the rotary dial phone and called the White House, because they had a press release.

然后拿起旋转拨号电话给白宫打电话，因为他们有一份新闻稿。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: People have no idea what us women went through and the work that we did and the blood, sweat, and tears.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry，住院医师：人们不知道我们女性经历了什么，不知道我们所做的工作以及血、汗和泪水。

But one time I was called a hero.

但有一次我被称为英雄。

I'll never forget that.

我永远不会忘记这一点。

Called me a hero and I never felt that.

称我为英雄，但我从未有过这种感觉。

But I did what I had to do.

但我做了我必须做的事。

Richard Newman, Historian: We don’t know what the impacts would have been if people were forced to stay another year, another five years, another ten years.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：我们不知道如果人们被迫再呆一年、五年、十年，会产生什么影响。

Richard Newman, Historian: If at any moment those women, anyone in that activist community, the homeowners, the renters, anyone who lived in Love Canal stopped, it would've been a very different and less successful movement.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：如果这些妇女、活动社区中的任何人、房主、租客、住在拉夫运河的任何人在任何时候停止，这将是一场非常不同且不太成功的运动。

Love Canal changed the way that Americans thought about environmentalism fundamentally and forever.

拉夫运河从根本上永远改变了美国人对环保主义的思考方式。

It wasn’t simply about pristine landscapes, about oceans, about forests, it was about our day to day living environment.

这不仅仅是关于原始景观、海洋、森林，更是关于我们的日常生活环境。

Bonnie Casper, Congressional Aide: It really opened up people's eyes as to what was going on, the direct impact on people.

邦妮·卡斯珀，国会助理：这确实让人们了解了正在发生的事情以及对人们的直接影响。

And what were we going to do as a society to help these people and then prevent this from happening.

作为一个社会，我们应该做什么来帮助这些人，然后防止这种情况发生。

Keith O'Brien, Author: In December 1980, Congress worked together to pass what is, definitively, one of the most sweeping legislative packages that they had ever passed.

基思·奥布莱恩（Keith O'Brien），作者：1980 年 12 月，国会共同努力通过了一项无疑是他们所通过的最全面的立法计划之一。

Richard Newman, Historian: Hundreds and hundreds of sites have been identified, cleaned up, taken out of circulation as environmental hazards.

历史学家理查德·纽曼（Richard Newman）：成百上千的地点已被识别、清理，并被视为环境危害而不再流通。

And the value of that is immeasurable.

而其价值是不可估量的。

Richard Newman, Historian: One of the debates was always how much money would be allocated to homeowners and renters.

Richard Newman, Historian: One of the debates was always how much money would be allocated to homeowners and renters.

And at the end, renters were still marginalized, and if anything, the last to leave.

最终，租房者仍然被边缘化，甚至是最后一个离开的人。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: Later on, they did pay for people to be moved.

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: Later on, they did pay for people to be moved.

But the problem was finding somewhere to move to.

But the problem was finding somewhere to move to.

Carol Jones, Resident: By the time we moved out, um, I think my mother had pretty much given up.

Carol Jones, Resident: By the time we moved out, um, I think my mother had pretty much given up.

My mom moved us back to the old neighborhood.

我妈妈把我们搬回了老小区。

We went about a mile down the road from Hooker, right back to where we grew up.

我们从胡克出发，沿路走了大约一英里，就回到了我们长大的地方。

Right back to the chemicals.

回到化学品。

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: I got some money.

Debbie Cerrillo Curry, Resident: I got some money.

It helped us buy a new home.

它帮助我们买了新房。

My children, they each got a sum of money.

我的孩子们，他们每人得到了一笔钱。

But that sure don't pay for the pain and suffering I've had through the years.

But that sure don't pay for the pain and suffering I've had through the years.

Yeah, sometimes it still hurts.

是的，有时候还是会痛。

I lost a marriage over it.

我因此失去了一段婚姻。

Luella Kenny, Resident: I mean, you could give me all the money in the whole world.

Luella Kenny，居民：我的意思是，你可以给我全世界所有的钱。

It's not going to bring Jon back to me.

这不会让乔恩回到我身边。

That's all I would care about.

这就是我所关心的。

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: Who can compensate you for your child dying, your mother dying, your dad dying, your sister, your brother?

Jannie Grant-Freeney, Resident: Who can compensate you for your child dying, your mother dying, your dad dying, your sister, your brother?

Barbara Quimby, Resident: I don't think we got full justice, no. I'd want them to stand right there and say ‘we're guilty’.

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：我不认为我们得到了充分的正义。我希望他们站在那里说‘我们有罪’。

That's what I would've liked to have seen.

这就是我希望看到的。

Luella Kenny, Resident: Hooker still will not admit they're wrong.

Luella Kenny，居民：胡克仍然不承认他们错了。

The city of Niagara Falls will still not admit it's wrong.

尼亚加拉瀑布市仍然不会承认这是错误的。

That's not justice.

这不是正义。

To have justice, the truth should be told.

为了伸张正义，就应该说出真相。

Richard Newman, Historian: If you go to the Love Canal site today, you will not see the words Love Canal anywhere.

历史学家理查德·纽曼：如果您今天访问拉夫运河遗址，您将不会在任何地方看到拉夫运河这个词。

There's no signage anywhere that says ‘the world's most famous environmental disaster occurred here’.

任何地方都没有标牌说“世界上最著名的环境灾难发生在这里”。

But what you will see is a huge chain link fence.

但你会看到一个巨大的铁丝网围栏。

You will see a huge area of land inside the fenced-in zone that is off limits.

您会看到禁区内有一大片土地。

You might not know there are nearly 22,000 tons of hazardous waste still underneath the ground.

您可能不知道地下仍有近 22,000 吨危险废物。

Luella Kenny, Resident: I was just, just mortified.

卢埃拉·肯尼（Luella Kenny），住院医师：我只是感到羞愧。

One day I see a pregnant woman with her toddler, two of the most vulnerable people in the world, right next to 20,000 tons of chemicals.

有一天，我看到一名孕妇和她的孩子，世界上最脆弱的两个人，就在 20,000 吨化学品旁边。

Why would the city build a playground right next to a toxic waste dump?

为什么这座城市要在有毒废物堆旁边建一个游乐场？

Barbara Quimby, Resident: And I just think, didn't we get the word out enough?

芭芭拉·昆比（Barbara Quimby），住院医师：我只是想，我们的宣传还不够吗？

What didn't we do that we couldn’t have, you know, prevented that?

你知道，我们有哪些没做但无法阻止的事情呢？

Watch a preview of Poisoned Ground: The Tragedy at Love Canal

观看《毒土：爱运河的悲剧》预览

What was it like to live through the Love Canal tragedy?

经历过拉夫运河悲剧是什么感觉？

Residents, reporters, and government administrators talk, 45 years later.

45 年后，居民、记者和政府管理人员交谈。

Historian Jennifer Thomson and scientist Bhavna Shamasunder speak with sociologist Tim Bartley about the harmful chemicals in the food, clothes, and other goods that Americans buy and use every day.

历史学家 Jennifer Thomson 和科学家 Bhavna Shamasunder 与社会学家 Tim Bartley 讨论了美国人每天购买和使用的食品、衣服和其他商品中的有害化学物质。

Communities across the country are located around toxic waste sites.

全国各地的社区都位于有毒废物场周围。

Here’s how you can find out what’s close to home.

您可以通过以下方式找到离家较近的地方。

There are over 300 PBS Stations across the country, with many sharing history right from their own backyard.

全国有 300 多个 PBS 电视台，其中许多电视台都在自家后院分享历史。

Check out more stories of environmental injustice and resilience from California, Louisiana, Idaho, New Mexico and Massachusetts.

查看来自加利福尼亚州、路易斯安那州、爱达荷州、新墨西哥州和马萨诸塞州的更多有关环境不公正和恢复力的故事。

Thousands of Superfund sites have been identified across the United States, many of them located in communities of color and low income communities that face barriers to relocation.

美国各地已确定了数千个超级基金地点，其中许多位于面临搬迁障碍的有色人种社区和低收入社区。

We spoke with environmental scientist Lizette Ruiz, a resident of South Gate, California, to learn more about the impact of environmental racism and what it's like living around a Superfund site today.

我们采访了加利福尼亚州南门居民环境科学家莉泽特·鲁伊斯 (Lizette Ruiz)，以了解更多有关环境种族主义的影响以及当今超级基金所在地周围生活的情况。

The story of housewives who led a grassroots movement to galvanize the Superfund Bill.

家庭主妇领导草根运动推动超级基金法案的故事。

The women of Love Canal fought to free their families from toxic waste and created landmark environmental legislation in the process.

拉夫运河的妇女们为使家人免受有毒废物的侵害而奋斗，并在此过程中制定了具有里程碑意义的环境立法。