The Pilgrims

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Now faith is the substance of things hoped for; the evidence of things not seen.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：现在，信仰是希望之事的实相；未见之事的证据。

By faith the elders obtained good report, and through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God.

凭着信心，长老们获得了美好的报告，并且凭着信心，我们明白世界是由上帝的话语所构建的。

Abel.

阿贝尔。

Enoch.

以诺。

Noah.

诺亚。

Abraham.

亚伯拉罕.

Sarah.

莎拉.

These all died in faith; not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off -- and being persuaded of them, and embracing them -- and confessing that they were but strangers and pilgrims on the Earth.

这些人都因信心而死；他们没有收到应许，但远远地看到了它们——并被说服并拥抱它们——并承认他们只是地球上的陌生人和朝圣者。

For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek another country.

因为说这些话的人明确地表明他们在寻求另一个国家。

And truly if they had been mindful of that country from whence they came out, they might have had opportunity to return.

确实，如果他们留意他们出来的那个国家，他们可能有机会返回。

But they desired a better country -- that is, a heavenly one: wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: and he hath prepared for them a city.

但他们渴望一个更好的国家——也就是说，一个天上的国家：因此上帝不以被称为他们的上帝为耻：他为他们准备了一座城市。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : I think William Bradford knew they were on a journey in this world towards heaven.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：我认为威廉·布拉德福德知道他们正在这个世界上走向天堂。

They didn't know quite how they would get there, or where they would finally meet their end.

他们不太知道如何到达那里，也不知道最终会在哪里结束。

But I think that's what he meant: they were on a journey: they were transient citizens of the world, and, ultimately citizens of heaven.

但我认为这就是他的意思：他们正在旅途：他们是世界的短暂公民，最终是天堂的公民。

And they were on a journey towards purity: that's what they sought; that's what took them out of England; that's what took them over to Holland; that's what took them from Holland over to the new world.

他们正在走向纯洁的旅程：这就是他们所寻求的；这就是他们所追求的。这就是他们离开英格兰的原因；这就是他们来到荷兰的原因；这就是他们从荷兰来到新世界的原因。

Narrator: : Summer was fading fast, and the window for attempting the long and dangerous ocean crossing had already started to close, when on September 6th, 1620, an aging 180-ton ship called the Mayflower weighed anchor off Plymouth off the south coast of England, and set out on her own across the North Atlantic on what would prove to be one of the most historic voyages of the millennium.

旁白：夏天很快就过去了，尝试漫长而危险的横渡海洋的窗口已经开始关闭，1620 年 9 月 6 日，一艘名为“五月花号”的 180 吨老船在英格兰南海岸的普利茅斯附近起锚，独自出发横渡北大西洋，踏上了本世纪最具历史意义的航行之一。

Pauline Croft, Historian: : It's worth reminding ourselves that at the time they were a very, very small group of very extreme people.

历史学家宝琳·克罗夫特 (Pauline Croft)： 值得提醒自己的是，当时他们只是一小群非常极端的人。

And if we'd never heard of them ever again, nobody would be surprised.

如果我们再也没有听说过它们，没有人会感到惊讶。

And most English people thought that they were well rid of them.

大多数英国人认为他们已经摆脱了它们。

The fact that they are, in the long term, extraordinarily successful -- that they found the world's greatest democracy -- throws retrospective luster.

从长远来看，他们取得了非凡的成功——他们建立了世界上最伟大的民主国家——这一事实在回顾时留下了光彩。

They are, one might say, if you wanted to be critical, they're religious nutters who won't settle for anything except the most literal reading of the Bible.

有人可能会说，如果你想批评的话，他们是宗教狂热分子，除了最字面地阅读圣经之外，他们不会满足于任何事情。

They want to transform a nation-state into something that resembles what they take to be a Godly kingdom.

他们想要将一个民族国家转变为类似于他们心目中的神圣王国的东西。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : They weren't the people that you would expect to be founding a new colony.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》作者：：他们不是你想象中会建立新殖民地的人。

They weren't soldiers.

他们不是士兵。

They were not emissaries of a foreign government.

他们不是外国政府的特使。

They were not particularly well provided with supplies.

他们的物资供应不是特别充足。

And at least half of them were Separatists -- that is to say, radical Protestants who were religious exiles who had been living in Leiden in the Dutch Republic.

其中至少有一半是分离主义者——也就是说，激进的新教徒，他们是一直生活在荷兰共和国莱顿的宗教流亡者。

They weren't the people you would automatically expect to be founding a new outpost of the British Empire.

你不会自然而然地期望他们会建立大英帝国的新前哨基地。

Narrator: : They were in many ways the least likely of task forces for establishing a permanent English presence in the New World.

旁白：从很多方面来说，他们是最不可能在新世界建立永久英国存在的特遣部队。

Fewer than 50 of the 102 passengers were adult men -- many well past their physical prime -- at least 30 were children -- and nearly 20 were women -- including three expectant mothers.

102 名乘客中，不到 50 人是成年男性，其中许多人已经过了体力巅峰，至少 30 人是儿童，近 20 人是女性，其中包括 3 名准妈妈。

By the time they set sail, England had still not succeeded in establishing a truly viable colony on the shores of the New World -- and their chances of survival, let alone success, were all but nil.

当他们起航时，英国仍然没有成功地在新世界的海岸上建立一个真正可行的殖民地——他们的生存机会，更不用说成功了，几乎为零。

Sue Allan, Writer: : When you look at Jamestown Virginia, by 1620 they'd pumped in something like 8,000 colonists there, and, yet, they were struggling to keep their numbers above a thousand.

作家苏·艾伦 (Sue Allan)： 看看弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯敦，到 1620 年，他们已经向那里注入了大约 8,000 名殖民者，然而，他们正在努力将人数保持在 1000 以上。

The death rate was awful.

死亡率非常可怕。

So it was a very dangerous step to even contemplate -- especially given the number of people on the Mayflower .

因此，即使是考虑一下，这也是非常危险的一步——尤其是考虑到五月花号上的人数。

Jill Lepore, Historian: : They don't register at all numerically.

Jill Lepore，历史学家：：他们根本不记录数字。

It's a tiny handful of people -- many of whom don't survive.

这是极少数人——其中许多人无法生存。

We're thinking about migration to the Americas, in the 17th and 18th century, we're talking about 10 million Africans, for instance -- as against this tiny handful of Englishmen and women?

例如，我们正在考虑向美洲移民，在 17 世纪和 18 世纪，我们谈论的是 1000 万非洲人，而不是这一小部分英国男女？

The fascinating thing, then, about the Pilgrim story is how this tiny group of people managed to get by, and managed to tell the story in such a way as to erase that whole other history.

那么，关于朝圣者故事的迷人之处在于，这一小群人如何设法度过难关，并设法以抹去整个其他历史的方式讲述这个故事。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : If you ask people, "Where does America start?" -- they'll say, "It starts in Plymouth Rock." Despite the fact that Jamestown was founded in 1607 and Plymouth was founded in 1620.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：如果你问人们“美国从哪里开始？” ——他们会说，“一切始于普利茅斯岩。”尽管詹姆斯敦成立于 1607 年，普利茅斯成立于 1620 年。

It became our story of national origins.

它成为我们民族起源的故事。

Narrator: : Somehow with the passage of time, the arrival of this frail unlikely band would come to be seen as the true founding moment of America -- and the story of their coming enshrined as the quintessential myth of American origins: commemorated each year on the fourth Thursday in November at Thanksgiving -- and embodied in a handful of iconic and instantly recognizable images -- including a rock and a ship -- and a feast that almost certainly never took place as we imagine it did.

旁白：不知何故，随着时间的流逝，这支看似脆弱的乐队的到来将被视为美国真正的建国时刻，他们的到来故事被奉为美国起源的典型神话：每年11月的第四个星期四感恩节都会被纪念，并体现在一些标志性的、一眼就能认出的图像中——包括一块岩石和一艘船——以及一场几乎肯定从未像我们想象的那样发生过的盛宴。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : I think we feel that we're such a new country that we need to know how it all began.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：我认为我们觉得我们是一个新的国家，我们需要知道这一切是如何开始的。

We need that beginning moment, and the Pilgrims serve that purpose.

我们需要那个开始的时刻，而朝圣者就是为了这个目的而服务的。

But what people forget is that it wasn't all fated.

但人们忘记的是，这一切并非命中注定。

These were normal people, under extraordinary circumstances, and they were making it up as they went along.

这些都是普通人，在特殊的情况下，他们是边走边弥补的。

And it ends up being as much a story of survival as it is a story of origins.

它最终既是一个生存的故事，又是一个起源的故事。

Narrator: : What no one could have imagined in the fall of 1620 -- as autumn winds blew the 102 passengers of the Mayflower , west across the Atlantic -- was how harrowing, dark and deeply unsettling their pilgrimage to the New World would be.

旁白： 1620 年秋天，没有人能够想象——秋风吹走了五月花号上的 102 名乘客，向西横渡大西洋——他们前往新大陆的朝圣之旅将是多么痛苦、黑暗和深感不安。

Or how utterly their quest for a godly republic would transform the world they were sailing towards -- the searchers themselves -- and the nation that would rise up long after they were gone -- consecrated to their memory.

或者，他们对神圣共和国的追求将如何彻底改变他们航行的世界——探索者本身——以及在他们离开很久之后将崛起的国家——奉献给他们的记忆。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : Because the Pilgrims have been so enshrined in the national imagination, because they've meant so much in what we've told ourselves about who we are as Americans,.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：因为清教徒在国家想象中如此神圣，因为他们在我们告诉自己作为美国人的身份方面意义重大。

we need to go back and ask questions about why we picked that story.

我们需要回过头来问一下为什么我们选择这个故事。

What it was about these people, what it was about their history that we wanted to see reflected in our own national image.

我们希望看到这些人、他们的历史如何反映在我们自己的国家形象中。

There's been a tremendous amount of memory produced around the Pilgrims.

关于朝圣者产生了大量的记忆。

But there's also been a lot of forgetting.

但也有很多遗忘。

You know, that memory is very selective.

你知道，记忆是非常有选择性的。

And so to look at what's been remembered, and let that shed light on what's been forgotten is an important exercise when we're thinking about something that has been so central to our national imagination.

因此，当我们思考对我们国家想象力至关重要的事情时，看看被记住的事情，并让人们了解被遗忘的事情是一项重要的练习。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : The difference is Bradford.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林 (Bernard Bailyn)：：区别在于布拉德福德。

Not simply because he was the governor for many, many years, but because of his personal qualities.

不仅仅是因为他当了很多很多年的州长，而是因为他的个人品质。

He was a person of very delicate sensibilities and very keen perceptions, and he watched the flutterings of their little conventicle, and its ups and downs, with the greatest concern, and registered it in this wonderful prose.

他是一个感情非常细腻、洞察力非常敏锐的人，他以最大的关切注视着他们的小修道院的飘动和起起落落，并将其记录在这篇精彩的散文中。

Narrator: : To a remarkable degree, we would scarcely remember the Pilgrims at all, and certainly not remember them as we do, were it not for the unusual man who came to lead them in the New World and the unusual book he left behind -- a luminous text unlike any other account of early American settlement, extraordinary both in what it says and in what it passes over in silence.

旁白：在很大程度上，我们根本不会记得清教徒，当然也不会像我们一样记得他们，如果不是有一位不寻常的人带领他们来到了新世界，也没有他留下的那本不寻常的书——这是一本不同于任何其他关于早期美国定居的记述的明亮的文本，无论是在它所说的还是在沉默中传递的内容上都是非凡的。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation is one of the great books of American literature and history.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克 (Nathaniel Philbrick)，作家： 布拉德福德的《普利茅斯种植园》是美国文学和历史上最伟大的著作之一。

That book, more than anything, is a kind of bible in its own way.

这本书本身就是一本圣经。

It's steeped in the Bible, obviously, when it comes to its language.

显然，就其语言而言，它深深地融入了圣经。

But when it comes to the history of Plymouth Colony, it is the text.

但说到普利茅斯殖民地的历史，那就是文字了。

And there's stuff there that is very dark and turbulent.

那里的东西非常黑暗和动荡。

Narrator: : He labored over the manuscript for more than 20 years -- "scribbled writings," he said, "pieced up in times of leisure," stolen from his duties as governor, and written in the third person as if to a far distant future.

旁白：他为这份手稿辛苦了20多年——“潦草的文字”，他说，“是在闲暇时拼凑起来的”，是从总督的职责中偷来的，用第三人称写的，仿佛是写给遥远的未来。

He left the manuscript to his sons and heirs the day he died in 1657 along with a handful of simple poems, written in the first person.

1657 年去世那天，他将手稿连同几首以第一人称写的简单诗歌一起留给了他的儿子和继承人。

The book itself almost never came down to posterity.

这本书本身几乎从未流传下来。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : In Bradford's role as a historian, he has the possibility of success because he has the possibility to shape that history.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：布拉德福德作为历史学家的角色，他有成功的可能性，因为他有可能塑造那段历史。

He gets to write for posterity; he gets to shape the story.

他开始为子孙后代写作；他开始塑造这个故事。

Bradford is clearly writing for a future.

布拉德福德显然是在为未来而写。

Plymouth, he understands, will have its future in its history, and he's the one who's creating that history.

他明白，普利茅斯将在其历史中拥有自己的未来，而他正是创造这一历史的人。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : From my years young in days of youth, God did make known to me his truth, And call'd me from my native place, For to enjoy the means of grace.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：从我年轻时起，上帝就向我显明了他的真理，并从我的家乡呼召我，让我享受恩典之道。

In wilderness he did me guide, And in strange lands for me provide.

在旷野他引导我，在异国他乡为我提供食物。

In fears and wants, through weal and woe, A pilgrim passed I, to and fro.

在恐惧和渴望中，在幸福和痛苦中，一位朝圣者从我身边来来往往。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : In England, the place that is most closely associated with the origins of the Pilgrims is a village called Scrooby -- which is right at the northern corner of the county of Nottinghamshire.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》一书的作者： 在英国，与朝圣者的起源最密切相关的地方是一个名叫斯克鲁比（Scrooby）的村庄，它位于诺丁汉郡的北角。

It's about 150 miles north of London.

位于伦敦以北约 150 英里处。

It was an area where religious divisions were particularly conspicuous, where there was still quite a large number of lingering Roman Catholics, an area which had recently been evangelized by radical Protestantism.

这是一个宗教分裂尤为明显的地区，那里还残留着相当多的罗马天主教徒，也是最近受到激进新教传播福音的地区。

Sue Allan, Writer: : You have the right people, at the right time, in the right area, with the same ideas.

编剧苏·艾伦（Sue Allan）：：在正确的时间、正确的地区，有正确的人，有着相同的想法。

And I think that's what happened up here, in this part of the country.

我认为这就是在这个国家的这个地区发生的事情。

Got John Robinson at Gainsborough.

在盖恩斯伯勒找到了约翰·罗宾逊。

You've got William Brewster there at Scrooby.

史克鲁比有威廉·布鲁斯特。

You have Richard Clifton here at Babworth.

巴布沃斯有理查德·克利夫顿 (Richard Clifton)。

You have William Bradford in Austerfield, so spiritually strong and so young.

奥斯特菲尔德的威廉·布拉德福德（William Bradford）精神坚强，而且年轻。

They supported each other, and I think that is why it took off here, and maybe not in other places.

他们互相支持，我认为这就是它在这里起飞的原因，也许在其他地方却没有。

Narrator: : He was born in the tiny village of Austerfield, in south Yorkshire, and baptized, on March 19th, 1590 in the ancient stone church of St. Helena's -- a three-mile walk down a path called Low Common Lane -- from the village of Scrooby.

旁白：他出生于约克郡南部的奥斯特菲尔德小村庄，并于 1590 年 3 月 19 日在圣赫勒拿岛古老的石头教堂接受洗礼——从斯克罗比村沿着一条名为 Low Common Lane 的小路步行三英里即可到达。

With farmland of their own and a sturdy house, his family though far from wealthy were a far from poor -- especially compared with their neighbors -- tenant farmers and landless field hands, for the most part.

他的家人拥有自己的农田和坚固的房子，虽然算不上富裕，但也算不上贫穷——尤其是与他们的邻居相比——大部分是佃农和无地的田地工人。

But his childhood would be blighted by the death of virtually everyone close to him: his father, William, when he was one.

但他的童年却因几乎所有与他亲近的人的去世而受到损害：他的父亲威廉在他一岁的时候就去世了。

His grandfather, William, when he was six.

他的祖父威廉六岁时。

His mother, Alice, when he was seven.

他七岁时，他的母亲爱丽丝。

His sister, Alice, and his grandfather, John Hanson, when he was 12.

他 12 岁时，他的妹妹爱丽丝 (Alice) 和祖父约翰汉森 (John Hanson) 在一起。

He was sent to live with his uncle, Robert, who hoped he would prove useful working in the fields.

他被送到叔叔罗伯特那里住，叔叔希望他能在田里干活。

By then, his family's economic security had been badly shaken by four failed harvests in a row -- the Great Death of the 1590's and by the devastating depression that followed.

那时，他家的经济安全已因连续四次歉收——1590 年代的大死亡和随后发生的毁灭性萧条——而受到严重动摇。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : The standard of living of the average English laborer was rapidly declining.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》作者：英国普通劳动者的生活水平正在迅速下降。

There was something very close to famine.

发生了一些非常接近饥荒的事情。

So it was a very uncertain world, in which even people from the yeomanry -- as the Pilgrims were -- were always worried they were about to slip back into this state of near-destitution in which many people lived.

因此，这是一个非常不确定的世界，即使是来自自耕农的人——比如清教徒——也总是担心他们会重新陷入许多人所生活的近乎贫困的状态。

Narrator: : Lonely and intelligent, in a world that felt increasingly precarious and unmoored to him, he fell ill when he was 12, with what he called a "long sickness" -- which took him from the fields -- kept him bedridden for months -- and drove him to seek solace in the Bible.

旁白：：孤独而聪明，在一个对他来说越来越不稳定和不稳定的世界里，他在12岁时病倒了，他称之为“久病”——这使他离开了田地——使他卧床不起数月——驱使他在圣经中寻求安慰。

The reading of scriptures he said, made a great impression upon him, and the more he read, the more troubled he became at the gulf between the world he saw around him, and the simplicity and purity of the gospel.

他说，读经文给他留下了深刻的印象，他读得越多，他对周围的世界与福音的简单和纯洁之间的鸿沟就越感到不安。

Young William Bradford (Josh Webb): : Our father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name…

年轻的威廉·布拉德福德（乔什·韦伯饰）：：我们在天堂的父亲，愿人都尊你的名为圣……

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : He had this profound sense as a 12-year-old that the congregation he was a part of was corrupt, that the Church was moving them in a direction that was not right, that they prayed to the depraved beliefs of mortal men that were moving them away from God.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：作为一个 12 岁的孩子，他深刻地意识到他所属的会众是腐败的，教会正在将他们引向错误的方向，他们向凡人的堕落信仰祈祷，这些信仰正在使他们远离上帝。

And so this was a deep conviction.

所以这是一个深刻的信念。

And I think there you have the beginnings of a very complex, inward-looking person who was improbably preparing for the ultimate journey.

我认为你已经开始成为一个非常复杂、内向的人，他正在为最终的旅程做不可思议的准备。

Narrator: : When he was well again, he went with a friend to All Saint's Church at Babworth, 10 miles away, to hear the "illuminating ministry" of a forward-thinking Puritan preacher, named Richard Clyfton.

旁白：：当他康复后，他和一位朋友去了 10 英里外巴布沃斯的诸圣教堂，聆听一位有远见的清教徒传教士理查德·克莱夫顿的“启发性事工”。

Not long after, he found his way down Low Common Lane, to the home of William Brewster -- the warm-hearted Cambridge-educated postmaster and bailiff of Scrooby Manor -- where he came to feel he had found a spiritual home -- and where each week, a private congregation gathered to hear Richard Clyfton -- and another charismatic minister, named John Robinson -- preach on the need to purify worship of everything worldly -- of anything not contained in scripture.

不久之后，他沿着低普通巷找到了威廉·布鲁斯特（William Brewster）的家。威廉·布鲁斯特是一位热心肠的剑桥大学毕业的邮政局长，也是史克鲁比庄园的法警。在那里，他感觉自己找到了一个精神家园。每周，都会有一群私人会众聚集在那里，聆听理查德·克莱夫顿（Richard Clyfton）和另一位名叫约翰·罗宾逊（John Robinson）的魅力牧师宣讲需要净化对世俗事物的崇拜，以及净化对圣经中未包含的任何事物的崇拜。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : I think the sense of faithfulness to Scripture is at the heart of it.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：我认为忠实于圣经的感觉是其核心。

They want to go right back to the roots and strip away all the human accretions that have come into the worship and the life of the Church, and get back to a primitive purity.

他们想要回到根源，剥去所有进入敬拜和教会生活的人类附着物，回到原始的纯洁。

And it's no accident that the larger movement from which the Separatists came were called Puritans by their opponents because that's what they were campaigning for -- greater purity, greater faithfulness to what they believed they read in Scripture.

分离主义者所来自的更大的运动被他们的对手称为清教徒，这并非偶然，因为这就是他们所竞选的目标——更加纯洁，更加忠实于他们相信自己在圣经中读到的内容。

Narrator: : Nothing he read made a deeper impression on him than a passage from the book of St. Matthew, in which Christ explains to his disciples where the true church lies.

旁白：他读过的没有什么比《马太福音》中的一段话给他留下更深刻的印象了，其中基督向他的门徒解释了真正的教会所在。

Young William Bradford (Josh Webb): : For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.

年轻的威廉·布拉德福德（乔什·韦伯饰）：因为只要有两三个人以我的名义聚集在一起，我就在他们中间。

Pauline Croft, Historian: : That's obviously the key Separatist text -- that Christ will be with you without a bishop; without a church; without any clear ecclesiastical organization.

历史学家宝琳·克罗夫特：这显然是分离主义的关键文本——基督将与你同在，无需主教；没有教堂；没有任何明确的教会组织。

And that prayer, conversion, commitment is enough for the presence of Christ.

祷告、悔改、委身就足以让基督临在。

That's an extraordinarily radical text when you think about it.

仔细想想，这是一篇极其激进的文章。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : It's a powerful idea to think that you can, in an unmediated way, see God.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：认为你可以以一种非中介的方式看到上帝，这是一个强大的想法。

The Bible is your window in.

圣经是你的窗户。

And to have a bishop or a pope telling you what to do is just getting in the way, is so much fallen static.

让主教或教皇告诉你该做什么只是碍事，太静态了。

And it's a powerful idea, and I think it's particularly powerful for someone like Bradford, who finds himself alone at 12.

这是一个强大的想法，我认为对于像布拉德福德这样 12 岁就发现自己孤独的人来说尤其强大。

And to think that God is that accessible -- that if he can find just a few others, and have a congregation of people on the same wavelength, that they can find their way to God, that's what you need.

想想上帝是那么容易接近——如果他能找到其他几个人，并且有一群志同道合的人，他们就能找到通往上帝的路，这就是你所需要的。

That's all you need.

这就是你所需要的。

And you're willing to go to the ends of the Earth literally, if you know that you will be following that path.

如果你知道自己会走那条路，你就愿意真正走到地球的尽头。

Narrator: : By 1603, he was fully committed to the radical idea that the true love of God might mean separating from the Church of England altogether.

旁白： ：到 1603 年，他完全致力于一个激进的想法，即上帝的真爱可能意味着完全脱离英国国教。

Sue Allan, Writer: : And that's when the real trouble begins.

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），编剧： ：这才是真正的麻烦开始的时候。

Because you look at who's the head of the only Church in England, the head of the Church from Henry's time is the monarch.

因为你看看谁是英格兰唯一的教会的领袖，从亨利时代开始，教会的领袖就是君主。

It's not just the Church -- it's the monarch that you're flying in the face of.

你所面对的不仅仅是教会，还有君主。

That's what makes this so dangerous, and so worrying for the authorities.

这就是为什么这件事如此危险，也让当局如此担忧。

Because if you're going to make a stand on religion and get away with it, then what else are you going to make a stand on?

因为如果你要在宗教上表明立场并侥幸逃脱惩罚，那么你还能在什么上表明立场呢？

Michael Braddick, Historian: : The issues at stake are literally more important than life and death -- it's your eternal life or your eternal death.

历史学家迈克尔·布拉迪克（Michael Braddick）：：所面临的问题实际上比生与死更重要——这是你的永生或永死。

And if your monarch is jeopardizing your eternal life, you're a very unreliable subject.

如果你的君主正在危及你的永生，那么你就是一个非常不可靠的臣民。

Because anyone who separates from the Church, is not just separating from the Church, but they're separating from royal authority.

因为任何脱离教会的人，不仅脱离了教会，而且脱离了王权。

And that's potentially very dangerous.

这可能非常危险。

Sue Allan, Writer: : Bottom line, what was at stake?

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），编剧： ：底线是，什么是利害攸关的？

Well, their lives.

嗯，他们的生活。

You can punish somebody.

你可以惩罚某人。

For not attending a church, you can be fined.

如果不去教堂，您可能会被罚款。

And it was 20 pounds in those days -- about 9,000 pounds in today's money.

当时是 20 英镑——相当于今天的 9,000 英镑。

That's a lot of money -- just for not going to church.

光是不去教堂就已经是一大笔钱了。

If you persisted, then you could be imprisoned, so you could think about it.

如果你再坚持的话，那么你可能会被监禁，所以你可以考虑一下。

And Elizabeth, after the Act Against Puritans in 1593, had made the next step banishment.

1593 年《反对清教徒法案》之后，伊丽莎白采取了下一步驱逐措施。

But I think, with James, the next step could have been death for these people.

但我认为，对于詹姆斯来说，下一步可能就是这些人的死亡。

He was newly to the throne -- not popular.

他刚刚登上王位，并不受欢迎。

He wasn't going to have any dissenters.

他不会有任何异议。

So I really think that these folk were risking everything.

所以我真的认为这些人冒着一切风险。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : And in areas like this, where people had been, perhaps, able to get away with things, there was a new drive to make sure that everyone conformed to the Church of England.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔 (Susan Hardman Moore)：在这样的地区，人们或许能够逃脱惩罚，但出现了新的动力，以确保每个人都遵守英国国教。

And there were explicit rules that said you couldn't have private religious meetings in houses.

而且有明确的规定，不能在家里举行私人宗教会议。

Ministers should not convene private groups of people.

部长们不应该召集私人团体。

These conventicles were judged illegal and subversive to order in the realm.

这些秘密会议被判定为非法并颠覆国家秩序。

And for that reason, a network of people here came to feel that they were under pressure.

正因为如此，这里的一群人开始感到他们面临着压力。

Narrator: : In the fall of 1607, when William Brewster himself was fined, and threatened with imprisonment -- it was clear that only one option remained.

旁白： 1607 年秋天，当威廉·布鲁斯特本人被罚款并受到监禁威胁时，很明显只剩下一个选择了。

To worship God as they saw fit, they must separate not only from the English church, but from England altogether.

为了按照他们认为合适的方式敬拜上帝，他们不仅必须与英国教会分离，而且必须完全与英国分离。

Michael Braddick, Historian: : Holland had emerged as the Protestant part of the Netherlands opposed to Catholic rule in the South.

迈克尔·布拉迪克（Michael Braddick），历史学家：：荷兰是荷兰新教地区，反对天主教在南方的统治。

It was a place of refuge for evangelicals in a time of threat and challenge.

在面临威胁和挑战的时期，它是福音派人士的避难所。

So you can see the attraction.

所以你可以看到这个景点。

From here to the Humber Estuary and to Amsterdam is not very far.

从这里到亨伯河口和阿姆斯特丹都不是很远。

Sue Allan, Writer: : But, they couldn't just leave the country.

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），作家：：但是，他们不能就这样离开这个国家。

Because you needed permission to pass port.

因为你需要获得通过港口的许可。

And dissenters weren't going to get permission to leave the country.

持不同政见者不会获得离开该国的许可。

They'd have to escape from their own country.

他们必须逃离自己的国家。

Narrator: : A first desperate attempt to flee ended in disaster when the English sea captain they had hired betrayed them to the authorities.

旁白：：当他们雇佣的英国船长向当局出卖了他们时，第一次绝望的逃亡尝试以灾难告终。

Eight months later, on a cloud-darkened evening in the spring of 1608, they tried again -- some fleeing by barge down the Trent and the Humber towards Hull -- where this time 16 of the men -- including 18-year-old William Bradford -- managed to board a Dutch ship and get away to sea -- one step ahead of the searchers in pursuit -- who arrested the terrified women and children, and carted them off to jail.

八个月后，在 1608 年春天的一个乌云密布的夜晚，他们再次尝试——一些人乘驳船沿着特伦特河和亨伯河逃往赫尔——这次，包括 18 岁的威廉·布拉德福德在内的 16 名男子成功登上一艘荷兰船，逃往大海——比追捕的搜索人员领先一步——搜索人员逮捕了惊恐万状的妇女和儿童，并将他们押进了监狱。

They were soon released; and over the next year, in groups of two and three, quietly made their way across the North Sea to Amsterdam, and joined their friends and family members in exile.

他们很快就被释放了。在接下来的一年里，他们两三人一组，悄悄穿越北海来到阿姆斯特丹，与流亡的朋友和家人团聚。

Pauline Croft, Historian: : And so they join the radical Protestants of their time, the Dutch.

历史学家宝琳·克罗夫特：：于是他们加入了当时激进的新教徒——荷兰人的行列。

For James, for the monarchy, it was "Let them go there, if that's where they're happy, no reason why they shouldn't go there.

对于詹姆斯来说，对于君主制来说，就是“让他们去那里，如果那是他们高兴的地方，他们没有理由不去那里。

The Dutch are our allies, we've been fighting on the side of the Dutch.

荷兰人是我们的盟友，我们一直在荷兰人一边战斗。

If you want to live there, fair enough.

如果你想住在那里，那很公平。

Good riddance." And, no doubt, many of them would have thought that they would settle there quite happily, and that would be it.

摆脱得好。”毫无疑问，他们中的许多人会认为他们会很幸福地定居在那里，仅此而已。

Sue Allan, Writer: : These folk mainly were tied to the land.

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），作家：：这些人主要与土地联系在一起。

They were used to England.

他们已经习惯了英格兰。

As far as we know, only William Brewster spoke the language, and you're going to a country where you don't speak the language, you don't know the customs.

据我们所知，只有威廉·布鲁斯特（William Brewster）会说这种语言，而你去的国家不会说这种语言，你也不了解当地的风俗习惯。

How are you going to survive?

你将如何生存？

And there was no coming back.

并且再也没有回来。

Narrator: : In 1609 -- fearing the congregation would come apart in the sprawling Dutch metropolis -- William Brewster and John Robinson led their people 22 miles south to the city of Leiden -- a university town, and the bustling heart of the Dutch textile industry.

旁白： 1609 年，威廉·布鲁斯特和约翰·罗宾逊担心会众会在这座庞大的荷兰大都市中四分五裂，于是带领他们的会众向南 22 英里到达莱顿市，这是一座大学城，也是荷兰纺织工业的繁华中心。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Holland was a completely different environment from what they were used to, and because they were foreigners, they ended up getting really lousy jobs.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：荷兰的环境与他们习惯的环境完全不同，而且因为他们是外国人，所以他们最终得到了非常糟糕的工作。

Instead of farms they ended up basically in little factories, creating clothing, and they would work, literally, from dawn till dusk.

他们最终没有去农场，而是在小工厂里生产衣服，而且他们从早到晚工作。

A bell would go off in the morning, and they'd work to the very end of the day -- often with their children.

早上铃声响起，他们就会工作到一天结束——通常是带着孩子。

Narrator: : With no family of his own, William Bradford found lodgings in a poor neighborhood called Stink Alley until, at 21, he was able to set up shop in a small house of his own, toiling six and sometimes seven days a week as weaver.

旁白：威廉·布拉德福德没有自己的家人，他在一个叫臭巷的贫困社区找到了住处，直到 21 岁时，他在自己的小房子里开起了商店，每周以织工的身份辛苦工作六天，有时甚至七天。

Pauline Croft, Historian: : It's clear that many of them found it very harsh: the climate was far harsher than they'd expected; the difficulties that they encountered were much greater.

历史学家宝琳·克罗夫特 (Pauline Croft)： 很明显，他们中的许多人都觉得情况非常恶劣：气候远比他们预期的严酷；他们遇到的困难要大得多。

Narrator: : But for all the trials and hardship, they would look back these on years with an almost rapturous longing and nostalgia -- for the world they created around them there, free for the first time to worship as they wished, in accordance with God's will, unmolested.

旁白：但是，尽管经历了所有的考验和艰辛，他们会怀着近乎狂喜的渴望和怀念回顾这些年——他们在周围创造的世界，第一次可以自由地按照自己的意愿进行崇拜，按照上帝的旨意，不受干扰。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Such was the true piety, the humble zeal, and fervent love, of this people (whilst they thus lived together) towards God and his ways, and the single heartedness and sincere affection one towards another, that they came as near the primitive pattern of the first churches, as any other church of these latter times have done.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：这就是这个民族（当他们生活在一起时）对上帝及其道路的真正虔诚、谦卑的热情和热烈的爱，以及彼此之间的单一心意和真诚的感情，以至于他们与早期教会的原始模式非常接近，就像后来任何其他教会所做的那样。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : I think there's something about what you might call the "glory days" in Leiden.

苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔（Susan Hardman Moore），历史学家：我认为莱顿有一些你可能称之为“辉煌岁月”的东西。

The community that John Robinson builds around himself -- his house, the sort of cottages surrounding it, the meeting hall -- it's very much based on what they read in the letters of the early Churches -- Paul's letters in the New Testament -- about what it means to be a community in the body of Christ.

约翰·罗宾逊围绕自己建立的社区——他的房子，周围的小屋，会议厅——很大程度上是基于他们在早期教会的书信中读到的——保罗在新约中的书信——关于成为基督身体中的一个社区意味着什么。

They would take a vision of what that had been for them in Leiden across the Atlantic to the New World.

他们将展望他们在莱顿跨越大西洋到达新大陆的经历。

Narrator: : In 1613, William Bradford married a young English woman named Dorothy May -- not in a religious service performed in a church, but in a civil ceremony at Leiden's grand city hall -- in accordance with Dutch custom, and because the Separatists found no precedent in the Bible for church ordained weddings.

旁白：1613年，威廉·布拉德福德与一位名叫多萝西·梅的年轻英国女子结婚——不是在教堂举行宗教仪式，而是在莱顿宏伟的市政厅举行的民事仪式——按照荷兰习俗，而且因为分离主义者在圣经中没有发现教堂任命婚礼的先例。

It was the beginning of the separation of church and state -- another custom they would take with them across the Atlantic -- sooner than anyone could have imagined, as by 1617 it had begun to be clear that Leiden was not the promised land after all.

这是教会与国家分离的开始——他们将带着他们跨越大西洋的另一个习俗——比任何人想象的都要早，因为到 1617 年，人们开始清楚莱顿毕竟不是应许之地。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Their biggest concern after a decade in this foreign land was that their children were becoming Dutch, and these people had decided to leave England for their religious beliefs, but they were still very proud of their English heritage.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：在这片异国他乡生活了十年后，他们最担心的是他们的孩子正在成为荷兰人，而这些人已经决定离开英国，因为他们的宗教信仰，但他们仍然对自己的英国传统感到非常自豪。

And so if we stay in Holland, we will lose the identity that is so essential to who we are.

因此，如果我们留在荷兰，我们将失去对我们至关重要的身份。

They were also fearful that the Spanish were about to attack again.

他们还担心西班牙人会再次进攻。

Narrator: : In late November 1618, a brilliant blue-green comet appeared in the night skies.

旁白： 1618年11月下旬，夜空中出现了一颗灿烂的蓝绿色彗星。

"We shall have warres," the English ambassador to the Netherlands wrote, and he was right.

“我们将会爆发战争，”英国驻荷兰大使写道，他是对的。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : Europe was on the verge of an enormous conflict, the beginning of what we now refer to as the Thirty Years' War.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》作者：欧洲正处于一场巨大冲突的边缘，也就是我们现在所说的三十年战争的开始。

A great religious conflict, involving all the great powers of Europe -- which Protestants such as the Pilgrims saw as a great confrontation between good, in the shape of Protestant Christianity, and evil, in the shape of Roman Catholicism.

一场涉及欧洲所有大国的重大宗教冲突——清教徒等新教徒将其视为新教基督教形式的善与罗马天主教形式邪恶之间的巨大对抗。

And this, in the eyes of many, was a cataclysmic global confrontation, which might very well lead to the end of the world.

在许多人看来，这是一场灾难性的全球对抗，很可能导致世界末日。

It might herald, if you like, the Second Coming of Christ and the Day of Judgment.

如果你愿意的话，它可能预示着基督的第二次降临和审判日。

Things were that urgent.

事情就是这么紧急。

The stakes were that high.

赌注是如此之高。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Everything seemed to be on the edge of complete meltdown.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：一切似乎都处于彻底崩溃的边缘。

And so they decided it's time to pull the ripcord once again, even if it meant leaving everything they had known all their lives.

因此，他们决定是时候再次拉开开伞绳了，即使这意味着要离开他们一生所知道的一切。

Sue Allan, Writer: : But where do you go?

作家苏·艾伦：但是你要去哪里？

You're Englishmen, after all, but you can't go back to England.

毕竟你们是英国人，但你们不能回到英国。

And I think that's why they plumped for the New World.

我认为这就是他们热衷于新世界的原因。

If you can't go back to England, at least maybe they could the find the freedom they're looking for there.

如果你不能回到英国，至少也许他们可以在那里找到他们正在寻找的自由。

Narrator: : After weighing and rejecting numerous options, they settled in the end on an area at the mouth of the Hudson River -- near present day New York -- in the northern most part of the English colony founded by the Virginia Company, then set out to try and get a legal charter, and permission to emigrate.

旁白：：在权衡并拒绝了多种选择之后，他们最终在哈德逊河口的一个地区定居下来——靠近现在的纽约——位于弗吉尼亚公司建立的英国殖民地的最北部，然后开始尝试获得合法的特许状和移民许可。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : What they had to do to get there required an awful lot of them.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：：为了到达那里，他们需要做很多事情。

They really had to figure out how they were going to do this.

他们确实必须弄清楚如何做到这一点。

And like many people from cults, they were really naive when it came to the rest of the world.

和许多来自邪教的人一样，当谈到世界其他地方时，他们真的很天真。

And so it meant that they were very prone to being duped when it came to trying to figure out, "How are we going to do this?

因此，这意味着当他们试图弄清楚“我们要如何做到这一点？”时，他们很容易被欺骗。

Who are we going to hire?

我们要雇用谁？

Who's going to be our military officer?

谁将成为我们的军官？

Where are we going to find a ship?

我们去哪里找船？

Who's going to finance this endeavor?" And these were not wealthy people.

谁来资助这项工作？”这些人都不是富有的人。

And so they had this huge list of problems.

所以他们面临着一大堆问题。

Narrator: : They had all but despaired of finding anyone willing to finance the hugely costly, high risk undertaking, when in early 1620, they were approached in Leiden by a 35-year-old broker from London named Thomas Weston -- who offered to organize financing for the expedition through a group called the Fellowship of the Merchant Adventurers.

旁白：1620 年初，一位来自伦敦、名叫托马斯·韦斯顿 (Thomas Weston) 的 35 岁经纪人在莱顿找到了他们，他提出通过一个名为“商人冒险家联谊会”的组织为这次探险提供资金。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : And that is the beginning of all sorts of trouble for them!

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：：这就是他们各种麻烦的开始！

The right time to make that westward crossing of the Atlantic is to set out in the spring.

向西横渡大西洋的最佳时机是在春天出发。

So the Pilgrims get themselves ready in Leiden, and it's June when they discover that Weston hasn't organized any transport.

于是朝圣者们在莱顿做好了准备，六月的时候他们发现韦斯顿还没有组织任何交通工具。

Narrator: : To their deep dismay, Weston also now informed them that the investors were getting cold feet and insisting that non-Separatist outsiders go along with them.

旁白：：令他们深感沮丧的是，韦斯顿现在还告诉他们，投资者正在临阵退缩，并坚持要求非分离主义的局外人与他们合作。

The prospect was appalling -- but there was nothing they could do.

前景令人震惊——但他们却无能为力。

In June -- with no word about financing or the ship Weston swore would be waiting for them in Southampton -- they arranged their own passage across the channel on an aging vessel called the Speedwell .

六月份，没有关于融资的消息，也没有韦斯顿发誓会在南安普敦等待他们的船的消息，他们自己安排了一艘名为“斯皮德韦尔”号的老化船只横渡英吉利海峡。

On July 22nd, they bid a heart-wrenching farewell to those staying behind, including Pastor Robinson, who, it was decided, would remain in Leiden with the main congregation until a secure beachhead had been established.

7 月 22 日，他们向留下来的人进行了令人心碎的告别，其中包括罗宾逊牧师，他们决定与主要会众一起留在莱顿，直到建立安全的滩头阵地。

In anguish, William and Dorothy Bradford left their three-year-old son, John, in the care of relatives.

威廉·布拉德福德和多萝西·布拉德福德在痛苦中将他们三岁的儿子约翰交给亲戚照顾。

John Demos, Historian: : There was deep sorrow at the bottom of this decision for many of them.

历史学家约翰·德莫斯：：对于他们中的许多人来说，这个决定的背后是深深的悲伤。

As they got on the boat, they knew, at least most of them, had no chance to come back.

当他们上了船的时候，他们就知道，至少他们中的大多数人，已经没有机会回来了。

They were never going to see the people who had meant most to them up to that point.

他们再也见不到那些对他们来说最重要的人了。

They were going to something they could barely imagine.

他们要去往一些他们几乎无法想象的事情。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : And so they left that goodly and pleasant city which had been their resting place for near twelve years; but they knew they were pilgrims, and looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to the heavens, their dearest country, and quieted their spirits.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：就这样，他们离开了这座美好而宜人的城市，这座城市是他们安息了近十二年的地方。但他们知道自己是朝圣者，并没有过多关注这些事情，而是举目望向天空，他们最亲爱的祖国，让他们的精神平静下来。

Narrator: : The journey across the channel to Southhampton was swift and uneventful; and when they arrived, to their enormous relief they found waiting for them at the dock a second ship, which Thomas Weston had secured for them at the last possible moment: a medium-sized 180-ton square-rigged merchant vessel, battered from use, but at a hundred feet, three times longer than the Speedwell -- seasoned and sweetened from years of shuttling across the channel, taking bales of wool to France, and barrels of wine back to England.

旁白：：跨越英吉利海峡前往南安普顿的旅程迅速而平安。当他们到达时，令他们大感欣慰的是，他们发现第二艘船在码头等待着他们，这是托马斯·韦斯顿在最后一刻为他们安排的：一艘中型的 180 吨方帆商船，虽然因使用而破损，但有一百英尺，比斯皮德韦尔号长三倍——多年来穿梭于英吉利海峡，将成捆的羊毛运往法国，将一桶桶的葡萄酒运回英国，这艘船经过多年的穿梭，变得更加成熟和甜美。

It was called the Mayflower .

它被称为五月花号。

Here, too, they had their first encounter with the Mayflower 's captain, Christopher Jones, and with its hardbitten, rough-and tumble crew.

在这里，他们也第一次见到了五月花号的船长克里斯托弗·琼斯，以及顽强、粗暴的船员们。

And with the "Strangers" -- the motley assortment of non-Separatist recruits the investors had insisted go with them.

还有“陌生人”——投资者坚持要跟他们一起去的杂七杂八的非分离主义新兵。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Suddenly these Leideners, who had spent 10 years cultivating their own spiritual and very inward bond, found themselves on a ship -- sharing their space with the "Strangers," who came from a completely different place with the understanding that: "We're not just sharing the ship with them, we're gonna be living with these people for the foreseeable future."

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：：这些花了十年时间培养自己精神和内心纽带的莱登人突然发现自己在一艘船上——与来自完全不同的地方的“陌生人”分享他们的空间，他们明白：“我们不仅与他们共享这艘船，而且在可预见的未来，我们将与这些人一起生活。”

Narrator: : The Mayflower and the Speedwell had finally weighed anchor -- and were just beginning to make headway when to their shock and dismay the Speedwell began to wallow and take on water.

旁白：“五月花号”和“斯皮德韦尔”号终于起锚了，刚开始前进，令他们震惊和沮丧的是，“斯皮德韦尔”号开始打滚并进水。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : It sprang leaks like a sieve.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：：它像筛子一样泄漏。

They kept on having to put back into port, because the Speedwell was leaking.

由于 Speedwell 漏水，他们不得不返回港口。

And, finally, in Plymouth, they had to abandon the Speedwell altogether.

最后，在普利茅斯，他们不得不完全放弃 Speedwell。

And everyone went aboard the Mayflower and set off.

众人登上五月花号出发了。

Narrator: : It was up to the Mayflower now to sail on on her own -- crowded with as many passengers from both ships as she could hold.

旁白： 现在轮到五月花号独自航行了——她能容纳的船上都挤满了尽可能多的乘客。

Many had to be left behind.

许多人不得不被抛在后面。

When all was said and done, there were only 102 passengers on board -- only half of whom were members of the original Leiden congregation.

归根结底，机上只有 102 名乘客，其中只有一半是原来莱顿教会的成员。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : It was a long process before they could finally get away to sea, out onto the open Atlantic.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》的作者：：在他们最终出海、进入开阔的大西洋之前，这是一个漫长的过程。

And, it was far too late in the year.

而且，今年已经太晚了。

If you wanted to go to America, to Virginia or New England, you should try to leave in February or March, at the latest, so you could get there in the spring, and give yourself a full spring and summer to become accustomed to the new world and to do all the things you had to do before the winter set in.

如果你想去美国、弗吉尼亚或新英格兰，你应该尽量在二月或三月出发，最晚，这样你就可以在春天到达那里，给自己一个完整的春天和夏天的时间来适应新世界，并在冬天到来之前完成所有你必须做的事情。

In fact, of course, they ended up leaving in September, which was about as bad as it could be.

事实上，当然，他们最终在九月份离开了，这几乎是最糟糕的情况。

Narrator: : On September 6th, 1620, fearfully late in the season, under-supplied and overcrowded, with autumn storms already whipping the north Atlantic into menacing furrows of white capped waves, the Mayflower left Plymouth harbor and set out on her own across the Atlantic.

旁白： 1620 年 9 月 6 日，可怕的季节末了，供应不足，人满为患，秋季风暴已经将北大西洋掀起了险恶的白浪，五月花号离开普利茅斯港，独自出发横渡大西洋。

Edward Winslow, a 24-year-old printer traveling with his wife, Elizabeth, never forgot the moment they set sail.

24 岁的印刷工爱德华·温斯洛 (Edward Winslow) 与妻子伊丽莎白 (Elizabeth) 一起旅行，他永远不会忘记他们起航的那一刻。

Edward Winslow (actor, audio): : Wednesday, the sixth of September, the winds coming east north east, a fine small gale, we loosed from Plymouth, having been kindly entertained and courteously used by divers friends there dwelling.

爱德华·温斯洛（演员，音频）： 9 月 6 日星期三，风向东北吹来，一阵细小的大风，我们从普利茅斯出发，受到居住在那里的潜水朋友的热情款待和礼貌的接待。

Narrator: : The Mayflower lost sight of Land's End sometime towards the end of the first week of September.

旁白：：九月第一周快结束时，五月花号失去了天涯海角的视野。

It was starting to gale.

天开始刮大风了。

William Bradford remembered her finally setting forth under a "prosperous wind."

威廉·布拉德福德记得她终于在“繁荣的风”下出发了。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : When they finally set sail, they're going against the prevailing westerly winds, they're struggling against the Gulf Stream, and they made incredibly slow progress -- two miles an hour across the Atlantic.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：当他们最终起航时，他们逆着盛行的西风，与墨西哥湾流作斗争，而且进展极其缓慢——以每小时两英里的速度横渡大西洋。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Some of them had tried to create little cabins within this, which just made these little suffocating cells.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：他们中的一些人试图在其中建造小木屋，结果却变成了这些令人窒息的小牢房。

And chamber pots everywhere.

还有随处可见的夜壶。

There was a boat that had been cut up into pieces that some people were trying to use for a bed.

有一艘被切成碎片的船，一些人试图用它来当床。

There were two dogs -- a spaniel and a giant slobbery mastiff.

有两只狗——一只西班牙猎犬和一只流口水的巨型獒犬。

And it is a voyage from hell.

这是一次来自地狱的旅程。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : They almost turned back.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：：他们几乎要回头。

The sailors, at one point, said they'd be happy to earn their wages, but they were not going to risk their lives.

水手们一度表示，他们很乐意赚取工资，但他们不会冒生命危险。

Bradford spells it out -- he describes it as awful.

布拉德福德说得很清楚——他形容这很糟糕。

And these terrible sailors, who were a blight on humanity, and the Strangers, some of whom were worse, loaded up with all this gear -- animals, people.

这些可怕的水手，他们是人类的祸害，而陌生人，其中一些更糟糕，满载着所有这些装备——动物、人。

It's amazing that they came out alive.

他们能活着出来真是太神奇了。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : And, by the end of it, people are getting sick.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧： ：到最后，人们开始生病。

And so there was a real sense of urgency aboard, particularly for Master Jones, who knew at some point he had to get these people off his ship.

因此，船上有一种真正的紧迫感，特别是对于琼斯少爷来说，他知道在某个时候他必须让这些人离开他的船。

Narrator: : Two people had died, and more were failing fast when early on the morning of Thursday, November 9th, 1620 -- after more than two months at sea -- a crew member spied a line of high bluffs gleaming far off in the early dawn light, and shouted out excitedly to Captain Jones.

旁白：1620 年 11 月 9 日星期四清晨，在海上航行了两个多月后，一名船员发现远处一排高高的悬崖在黎明的曙光中闪闪发光，于是兴奋地向琼斯船长喊道，两人已经死亡，更多的人正在快速死亡。

It was the first land they had seen in 65 days.

这是他们 65 天内看到的第一片土地。

But their jubilation quickly dimmed as word raced through the ship that they had made landfall far north of their intended destination.

但随着船上传出他们在预定目的地以北很远的地方登陆的消息，他们的喜悦之情很快就黯淡下来。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : They've arrived off the coast of Cape Cod, but they're 200 miles off-course.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：：他们已经抵达科德角海岸，但偏离航线 200 英里。

And so Master Jones heads them south, towards the Hudson River.

于是琼斯大师带领他们向南，前往哈德逊河。

And unfortunately, there are no reliable charts.

不幸的是，没有可靠的图表。

And they unsuspectingly find themselves in one of the most dangerous pieces of shoal water on the Atlantic coast.

他们毫无戒心地发现自己身处大西洋沿岸最危险的浅滩水域之一。

They're in the midst of what Bradford would call "roaring breakers," and it looks like this is going to be the end of them.

他们正处于布拉德福德所说的“咆哮的浪潮”之中，看起来这将是他们的终结。

And Jones makes a very historic decision.

琼斯做出了一个非常历史性的决定。

He says, "We're not going south -- we're gonna take this breeze to the north" around the wrist of what they called Cape Cod, to whatever harbor is there, "and I'm getting these people off my ship."

他说，“我们不会向南走——我们要把这股微风带到北方”，绕过他们所谓的科德角，到达那里的任何港口，“我要把这些人从我的船上带走。”

Narrator: : On November 11th, 1620, they rounded the tip of Cape Cod and sailed into the relative calm and safety of the great bay where, even before they dropped anchor, long festering tensions between the Strangers and the Pilgrims broke out into the open.

旁白：1620 年 11 月 11 日，他们绕过科德角，驶入相对平静和安全的大海湾，甚至在抛锚之前，陌生人和朝圣者之间长期恶化的紧张关系就公开爆发了。

Having landed so far north of the boundary of their legal patent, many of the Strangers insisted they were now bound by nothing at all -- and began to speak openly of splintering off and going their own way, once they came ashore.

在远离他们的合法专利边界的北部登陆后，许多陌生人坚称他们现在不受任何约束——并开始公开表示一旦上岸，他们就会分裂并走自己的路。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : This day -- before we came to harbor -- observing some not well affected to unity and concord, but gave some appearance of faction -- it was thought good there should be an association and agreement that we should combine together in one body, and submit to such government and governors -- as we should by common consent agree to make and choose -- and set our hands to this that follows word for word.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：今天——在我们抵达港口之前——观察到一些人对团结和和谐的态度不太好，但出现了一些派系的迹象——人们认为应该有一个协会和协议，我们应该联合成一个整体，并服从这样的政府和州长——正如我们应该通过共同同意同意制定和选择的那样——并开始着手执行这一点。

Narrator: : William Brewster, in all likelihood, drafted the short agreement -- little more than a single sentence long -- stating that they agreed to combine themselves "together -- into a civil body politic" with the power to enact whatever laws proved necessary to preserve the group.

旁白：威廉·布鲁斯特很可能起草了这份简短的协议——只不过一句话那么长——声明他们同意“共同组成一个公民政治体”，并有权颁布任何被证明是保护该团体所必需的法律。

John Demos, Historian: : The point of the Compact was to ward off the danger of division and dissolution after they got to the other side.

历史学家约翰·德莫斯：该契约的目的是避免他们到达另一边后分裂和解体的危险。

The thing that's key about it is it's a contract.

关键是它是一份合同。

It's not exactly an elaborate plan for democracy.

这不完全是一个精心设计的民主计划。

It's a contract: "We're going to agree on this particular goal, and get everybody's name on this document, and make a commitment to this."

这是一份合同：“我们将就这个特定目标达成一致，并在这份文件上注明每个人的名字，并对此做出承诺。”

Narrator: : On the morning of November 11th, 1620, the Mayflower compact was offered up for signature.

旁白： 1620 年 11 月 11 日上午，五月花号公约可供签署。

The first to sign was John Carver, one of the wealthiest men on board; the last, a servant named Edward Leister.

第一个签名的是船上最富有的人之一约翰·卡弗（John Carver）。最后一个是一个名叫爱德华·莱斯特的仆人。

In the end, the vast majority of the men on aboard put their names to the paper -- 41 adult men in all -- 90 percent of the adult male population of the Mayflower .

最终，船上绝大多数男性将自己的名字写在了纸上——总共 41 名成年男性——占五月花号成年男性总数的 90%。

Years later -- when William Bradford and others codified the rules of Plymouth Colony in a new Book of Laws , on the very first page they described the Compact as "a solemne & binding combination" whose authority came from the fact that it was based upon the vote of the governed.

多年后，当威廉·布拉德福德和其他人将普利茅斯殖民地的规则编入一本新的法律书时，他们在第一页将契约描述为“一个庄严且具有约束力的组合”，其权威来自于它基于被统治者的投票这一事实。

Although the Compact began with an affirmation of loyalty to King James, the Book of Laws made clear that at times of political crisis, the authority of the monarch could sometimes be suspended, while the consent of the governed could never be.

尽管该契约一开始就确认了对詹姆斯​​国王的忠诚，但《法典》明确指出，在政治危机时期，君主的权威有时可以被中止，但被统治者的同意却永远不能被中止。

Once the signing was complete, the colonists acted collectively for the first time and elected John Carver to be their governor.

签署完成后，殖民者首次集体行动，选举约翰·卡弗为总督。

At least for the moment -- from the relative safety of the ship at anchor in Cape Cod Bay -- the threat to the corporate integrity of the colony had been averted.

至少目前——从停泊在科德角湾的船只的相对安全来看——对殖民地企业诚信的威胁已经避免了。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Being thus passed the vast ocean, and a sea of troubles, they now had no friends to welcome, or inns to repair to, for to refresh their weatherbeaten bodies, no houses much less towns to repair to, to seek for succor.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：这样，他们就这样穿越了浩瀚的海洋和麻烦的海洋，现在没有朋友可以欢迎，也没有旅馆可以去休息，以恢复饱经风霜的身体，没有房屋，更没有城镇可以去寻求帮助。

And for the season it was winter, and they that know the winters of that country know them to be sharp and harsh -- subject to cruel and fierce storms.

那个季节是冬天，了解那个国家的冬天的人都知道冬天是寒冷而严酷的——容易遭受残酷而猛烈的风暴。

Besides what could they see but a hideous and desolate wilderness, full of wild beasts and wild men?

除此之外，他们看到的除了一片狰狞荒凉、野兽横行、野人遍地的荒野之外，还能看到什么呢？

Narrator: : On November 11th, with their ship safely anchored off the tip of Cape Cod -- a landing party of 16 armed men -- including William Bradford, Edward Winslow and the veteran English soldier they had hired, Miles Standish -- ventured ashore in a small boat and stepped on dry land for the first time in two months.

旁白：11 月 11 日，他们的船安全地停泊在科德角一角——一支由 16 名武装人员组成的登陆队——其中包括威廉·布拉德福德、爱德华·温斯洛和他们雇佣的英国老兵迈尔斯·斯坦迪什——乘坐小船冒险上岸，两个月来首次踏上陆地。

Though they walked for hours amongst the windswept dunes, before returning to the Mayflower with a boatload of freshly cut fire wood -- on their first excursion ashore they found no wild beasts -- and stranger still, no sign of any human presence at all, wild or otherwise.

尽管他们在风吹过的沙丘中走了几个小时，然后才带着一船刚砍下的柴火返回五月花号——在他们第一次上岸时，他们没有发现野兽——更奇怪的是，根本没有任何人类存在的迹象，无论是野生的还是其他的。

Back on the ship, as the sun went down, the enormity of their situation began to sink in upon them.

回到船上，当太阳落山时，他们开始意识到处境的严重性。

There on the edge of the dark whispering continent -- time seemed to stand still for the immigrants -- then widen into an ominous void.

在黑暗的低语大陆的边缘——对于移民来说，时间似乎静止了——然后变成了不祥的虚空。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : For summer being done, all things stand on them with a weather beaten face; the whole country, full of woods and thickets, represented a wild and savage view.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：夏天过去了，万物都面容饱经风霜。整个国家充满了树林和灌木丛，呈现出一种狂野而野蛮的景象。

If they looked behind them, there was the mighty ocean which they had passed, and was now as a main bar and gulf to separate them from all the civil parts of the world....

如果他们向身后看去，那是他们所经过的浩瀚海洋，现在已成为将他们与世界上所有文明地区分开的主要障碍和海湾……

Let it also be considered what weak hopes of supply and succour they left behind them....

我们还应该考虑一下他们留下的供应和救援的希望是多么微弱……

What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

除了上帝的灵和他的恩典之外，还有什么可以支撑他们呢？

May not and ought not the children of these fathers rightly say: "Our fathers were Englishmen which come over this great ocean, and were ready to perish in this wilderness; but they cried unto the Lord, and he heard their voice, and looked on their adversity, etcetera." Let them therefore praise the Lord, because he is good, and his mercies endure for ever.

这些父亲的孩子们不可以也不应该正确地说：“我们的祖先是英国人，他们跨越这片大海，准备在这片荒野中灭亡；但他们向主呼求，他听到了他们的声音，看着他们的逆境，等等。”因此，让他们赞美主，因为他本为良善，他的慈爱永远长存。

Linda Coombs, Wampanoag Historian: : In southeastern Massachusetts, east of Narragansett Bay: that's Wampanoag territory.

琳达·库姆斯 (Linda Coombs)，万帕诺亚格历史学家：：位于马萨诸塞州东南部，纳拉甘西特湾以东：那是万帕诺亚格人的领地。

To the north of us was the Massachussett; to the west the Nipmuc; to the south were the Narragansett - the Pequot - Mohegan - Niantic.

我们的北边是马萨诸塞州；西边是尼普穆克 (Nipmuc)；南面是纳拉甘西特 (Narragansett) - 佩科特 (Pequot) - 金神 (Mohegan) - 尼安提克 (Niantic)。

We estimate that within that area we had about sixty-nine villages.

我们估计该地区大约有六十九个村庄。

A village could be anywhere from 100 people to 2,000.

一个村庄的人口可能从 100 人到 2,000 人不等。

So, rounded off at 1,000 average and you've got close to 70,000 people.

因此，平均人数为 1,000，四舍五入后，就有接近 70,000 人。

In 1616, before the coming of the Pilgrims, there was a huge plague.

1616年，在清教徒到来之前，发生了一场巨大的瘟疫。

It started in Maine, brought over by European fishermen.

它起源于缅因州，由欧洲渔民带来。

It swept a 15-mile-wide path right down the coast, sort of took a left through the middle of Wampanoag country and stopped at Narragansett Bay.

它沿着海岸掠过一条 15 英里宽的小路，左转穿过万帕诺亚格乡村中部，最后停在纳拉甘西特湾。

The Wampanoags, and I think any other group that it hit, suffered anywhere from a 50 to a 90% loss in population.

万帕诺亚格人，以及我认为受到袭击的任何其他群体，都遭受了 50% 到 90% 的人口损失。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : It happened so quickly.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：：事情发生得太快了。

The means of death were so sudden, and, yet, relentless.

死亡的手段是如此突然，却又无情。

And English fishermen, explorers, come to the coast and say it's absolutely abandoned.

英国渔民、探险家来到海岸后说这里完全被遗弃了。

It's devastated.

它被毁了。

Where did the people go?

人们去哪儿了？

And from that time to 1619, that's what they found -- emptiness, abandoned villages, bones scattered around the ground.

从那时到 1619 年，他们发现了这样的情况——空荡荡的、废弃的村庄、散落在地上的骨头。

Tobias Vanderhoop, Chairman, Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah: : In some of the accounts they found just bones bleached, not because we didn't have rituals and observances, but because there wasn't anybody left to take care of the ones who had passed away.

阿奎纳万帕诺亚格部落主席托拜厄斯·范德胡普 (Tobias Vanderhoop)：在一些记载中，他们发现只有骨头被漂白，这并不是因为我们没有仪式和纪念活动，而是因为没有人留下来照顾去世的人。

Narrator: : Nowhere was the devastation more complete than in a village the Wampanoags called Patuxet.

旁白：：没有什么地方比万帕诺亚格人称为帕图西特的村庄遭受的破坏更严重了。

One villager named Tisquantum -- kidnaped two years before the plague began and carried off in chains to Europe -- returned in 1619 to find his village completely abandoned.

一位名叫提斯匡特姆 (Tisquantum) 的村民在瘟疫爆发前两年被绑架，并用铁链锁着带到了欧洲。1619 年返回时，发现他的村庄完全被遗弃了。

Tobias Vanderhoop, Chairman, Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah: : Tisquantum was fortunate -- along with others who had been kidnapped from Wampanoag territory -- to make their way back home, only to find the devastation that has occurred.

托拜厄斯·范德胡普 (Tobias Vanderhoop)，阿奎纳万帕诺亚格部落主席：提斯匡特姆和其他从万帕诺亚格领地被绑架的人很幸运，回到了家乡，但却发现了所发生的破坏。

Patuxet is gone.

帕图西特不见了。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : It was a village of about 2,000 people.

凯瑟琳·多尼根 (Kathleen Donegan)，文学评论家： ：那是一个约有 2,000 人的村庄。

And when Tisquantum came back, not one had survived.

当提斯匡特姆回来时，无一人生还。

No one.

没有人。

He was the only survivor of his entire village.

他是整个村庄唯一的幸存者。

It's unimaginable -- the grief, the loss of that.

这是难以想象的——悲伤，失去它。

And this is the world into which the Pilgrims enter.

这就是朝圣者进入的世界。

Margaret Bruchac, Anthropologist: : It's very convenient for the telling of American history to start with the plague to start with this massive death.

人类学家玛格丽特·布鲁查克（Margaret Bruchac）：：从瘟疫开始，从大规模死亡开始，讲述美国历史是非常方便的。

But when those plagues happen, they are not as total as they appear.

但当这些瘟疫发生时，它们并不像看上去那么彻底。

There are some areas that were virtually untouched by the plague.

有些地区几乎没有受到鼠疫的影响。

It was not so empty that it was ready to be reoccupied by someone from across the ocean.

它并没有空到可以被来自大洋彼岸的人重新占据的程度。

Tobias Vanderhoop, Chairman, Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah: : But, when they arrived in this territory, they believed that their journey was ordained by God -- that they had a mission that they were to fulfill.

Tobias Vanderhoop，阿奎纳万帕诺亚格部落主席：但是，当他们到达这片土地时，他们相信他们的旅程是上帝注定的——他们有一个要完成的使命。

And the desolation that they found was God's providence.

他们所发现的荒凉是上帝的旨意。

It was meant to be that way for them.

他们本来就是这样的。

Margaret Bruchac, Anthropologist: : They did not view native people as humans.

人类学家玛格丽特·布鲁查克：：他们并不将土著人视为人类。

They saw them almost as beasts and vermin - who were cleared away by God's pestilence to make room for God's chosen people.

他们几乎把他们视为野兽和害虫——他们被上帝的瘟疫清除掉，为上帝的选民腾出空间。

And so I think it's necessary to ask who the savages were?

所以我认为有必要问一下谁是野蛮人？

Were they the people who had lived in this territory for millennia?

他们是在这片土地上生活了千年的人吗？

Or were they these people who forced themselves in to someone else's home?

还是那些强行闯入别人家的人？

Narrator: : They spent their first month tethered to the ship -- while three successive scouting parties probed their way down the long arm of the cape towards the mainland -- looking for fresh water, and a suitable place to settle for the winter.

旁白：他们在船上度过了第一个月，同时三个连续的侦察队沿着海角的长臂探索大陆，寻找淡水和合适的过冬地点。

On their first day out, they caught sight of six men and a dog walking far down the beach -- the first native inhabitants they had seen.

外出的第一天，他们看到六名男子和一只狗沿着海滩走得很远，这是他们见到的第一批土著居民。

The men stared back at them for a moment -- then whistled for the dog and disappeared into the line of trees.

男人们回头看了他们一会儿，然后吹口哨叫那条狗，消失在树林里。

As they moved through the strange and inscrutable landscape -- filled with signs of human presence they could see but not understand -- their first halting forays had a primal, transgressive, unsettling character to them.

当他们穿过这片陌生而难以理解的风景时——到处都是他们能看到但无法理解的人类存在的迹象——他们第一次犹豫不决的尝试对他们来说具有一种原始的、越界的、令人不安的特征。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : In the first scouting mission, they found a sand mound and started to dig it up.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：：在第一次侦察任务中，他们发现了一个沙丘并开始挖掘它。

And they realized this might be a grave, so they stopped digging.

他们意识到这可能是一个坟墓，所以他们停止了挖掘。

Bradford doesn't report that in his history.

布拉德福德在他的历史中没有报道过这一点。

Edward Winslow does.

爱德华·温斯洛确实如此。

What Bradford reports is coming on another place.

布拉德福德的报道将在另一个地方发布。

Finding the same kind of mounds, digging it up, and finding baskets of corn.

找到同样的土堆，把它挖出来，找到一篮子的玉米。

They take away half the corn.

他们拿走了一半的玉米。

Then what happens on the second scouting trip Bradford doesn't report at all, but Winslow gives us a long account of a smaller group going in through the woods, to an Indian village, and finding something that looks like a grave.

第二次侦察之旅布拉德福德根本没有报道，但温斯洛给了我们一个长篇大论，讲述了一小群人穿过树林，来到一个印第安村庄，发现了一个看起来像坟墓的东西。

So they begin to dig and this time they continue -- they start taking out the goods, they start taking out the planks, they start taking out the mats until they find two bundles -- one larger and one smaller.

所以他们开始挖掘，这一次他们继续——他们开始取出货物，他们开始取出木板，他们开始取出垫子，直到他们找到两捆——一捆大一捆。

They open up the first bundle, and the first thing they notice is that it's full of this fine red powder -- that has a kind of smell -- they say it's not a bad smell, but the smell comes up to them.

他们打开第一包，首先注意到的是里面充满了这种细小的红色粉末——有一种气味——他们说这不是难闻的气味，但这种气味却向他们袭来。

They look further in and they see the bones and skull of a man.

他们再往里看，看到了一个男人的骨头和头骨。

The face still has skin clinging to it.

脸上还粘着皮肤。

But what's most startling is that the skull is covered with blond hair.

但最令人吃惊的是，头骨上覆盖着金色的头发。

So they know that this is not an Indian, but the body of a European.

所以他们知道这不是印度人的尸体，而是欧洲人的尸体。

They open up the second mat, and find the bones and the skull of a child.

他们打开第二张垫子，发现了一个孩子的骨头和头骨。

And the child's body is decorated with white Indian beads and bracelets, and there are little childish things around.

而孩子的身上装饰着白色的印度珠子和手镯，周围还有一些幼稚的小东西。

So there's this mystery: "What has happened here?

所以这就是一个谜：“这里发生了什么？

Who are these bodies?

这些尸体是谁？

What are they doing in the same grave?

他们在同一个坟墓里做什么？

What was the relationship between these dead bodies and the living hands that put them there?" And they cannot construct a narrative about that.

这些尸体和把它们放在那里的活人手之间是什么关系？”他们无法对此进行叙述。

And this makes them think of their own situation: "How will we die here?

这让他们想到了自己的处境：“我们怎么会死在这里？

Whose hands will attend to us?

谁的手来照顾我们？

What will happen to us here?"

我们这里会发生什么事？”

Narrator: : They moved on.

旁白：：他们继续前进。

A few nights later, at a place called First Encounter Beach, they were attacked in the dark by a party of warriors.

几天后的夜晚，在一个叫做初遇海滩的地方，他们在黑暗中遭到了一群武士的袭击。

For hours the air was filled with war cries and whistling arrows, which they answered with deafening blasts of musket fire, until the attackers withdrew.

几个小时内，空气中充满了战争的呼喊和呼啸的箭声，他们用震耳欲聋的步枪射击来回应，直到袭击者撤退。

"Thus it pleased God," William Bradford wrote, "to vanquish our enemies and give us deliverance."

“因此，上帝很高兴，”威廉·布拉德福德写道，“征服我们的敌人并拯救我们。”

Finally, on December 8th, on the far western shore of the bay, they came upon a site they determined might suit them for a settlement.

最后，12 月 8 日，在海湾最西岸，他们发现了一个适合他们定居的地点。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : It was an Indian settlement that had been abandoned.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：：这是一个被遗弃的印第安人定居点。

It seemed, physically speaking, a proper place.

从物理上来说，这似乎是一个合适的地方。

And it had a nice slope down to the harbor and fields beyond, and that seemed to be a convenient place.

它有一个很好的斜坡，通向港口和远处的田野，那似乎是一个方便的地方。

Margaret Bruchac, Anthropologist: : And one of the sad tragic ironies is that the place that the Plymouth colonists settle on for their location is the village that was perhaps the hardest hit of all the Wampanoag villages -- Patuxet -- to the point where there are bodies lying on the ground that can not be buried, because there are no relatives.

人类学家玛格丽特·布鲁查克 (Margaret Bruchac)： 令人悲伤的悲剧性讽刺之一是，普利茅斯殖民者定居的地方可能是万帕诺亚格所有村庄中受灾最严重的帕图西特村，以至于地上躺着无法掩埋的尸体，因为没有亲属。

And from a Native perspective, you would not reoccupy those places.

从原住民的角度来看，你不会重新占据这些地方。

So people must have thought the Pilgrims were insane to come and settle in a place where there's been so much death and loss.

所以人们一定认为朝圣者来到这个充满死亡和损失的地方定居是疯狂的。

Narrator: : On December 12th, the third and final scouting party sailed back across the bay to the waiting Mayflower -- where William Bradford was greeted with staggering news.

旁白：12 月 12 日，第三支也是最后一支侦察队驶回海湾对面等待的五月花号——在那里，威廉·布拉德福德收到了令人震惊的消息。

Five days earlier, his 23-year-old wife, Dorothy, had somehow fallen overboard while the ship lay at anchor, and drowned in the icy waters of the bay.

五天前，他 23 岁的妻子多萝西 (Dorothy) 在船停泊时不知何故落水，淹死在海湾冰冷的海水中。

Sue Allan, Writer: : The decks were icy.

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），编剧：：甲板结冰了。

She could have slipped overboard.

她可能已经滑落海里了。

She could equally have been suffering from depression.

她同样可能患有抑郁症。

Maybe it was too much leaving her child behind.

也许把孩子抛在身后实在是太过分了。

Maybe with the advanced scurvy, which can give you the feeling of not just depression but of being doomed, did she slip herself into the water?

也许她患有严重的坏血病，不仅会给你一种沮丧的感觉，而且会给你一种注定要失败的感觉，她是不是滑进了水里呢？

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : And to this day, people are wondering: "Well, was it just an accident?" And we have a tendency, I think, to think that people of this enormous religious belief would never take their life.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧： ：直到今天，人们还在想：“嗯，这只是一场意外吗？”我认为，我们有一种倾向，认为拥有这种巨大宗教信仰的人永远不会结束自己的生命。

And that's not the case at all.

事实并非如此。

And the fact of the matter is, despair was a huge part of what all of them were feeling.

事实上，绝望是他们所有人的感受的重要组成部分。

A child had just died, the day before her death.

一个孩子刚刚去世，就在她去世的前一天。

Narrator: : William Bradford never spoke of Dorothy's death in his history; and the circumstances were never explained.

旁白：威廉·布拉德福德在他的历史中从未提及过多萝西的死；并且当时的情况从未得到解释。

Late in life he penned the lines of a simple poem.

晚年，他写下了一首简单的诗。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Faint not, poor soul, in God still trust, Fear not the things thou suffer must; For, whom he loves, he doth chastise, And then all tears wipes from their eyes.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：不要灰心，可怜的灵魂，仍然相信上帝，不要害怕你必须承受的事情；因为他所爱的人，他都会惩戒，然后擦去他们眼中的所有泪水。

Narrator: : On Friday, December 15th, 1620, with its cargo of sickened, and sea-weary passengers and crew, the Mayflower sailed west across the vast windswept bay -- towards the dark wintry shore that awaited them.

旁白： 1620 年 12 月 15 日星期五，五月花号载着生病、厌海的乘客和船员，向西航行，穿过广阔的海风吹拂的海湾，驶向等待着他们的黑暗寒冷的海岸。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : They arrive just at the worst possible time.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：他们在最糟糕的时间到达。

Winter is just coming in.

冬天刚刚来临。

And it's the end of December by the time they begin to start building houses.

他们开始盖房子的时候已经是十二月底了。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : The Mayflower had to anchor a mile offshore, because the harbor at Plymouth wasn't deep enough to let the ship right up.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：：五月花号必须在离岸一英里处抛锚，因为普利茅斯的港口不够深，无法让船直接浮起。

So that they had to ferry the supplies, the goods, so slowly in from the Mayflower .

所以他们必须把补给品、货物，从五月花号上慢慢地运送进来。

And they managed to build only very few houses -- far fewer than they had anticipated.

他们只建造了很少的房子——远远少于他们的预期。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : Everything was wrong.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：：一切都错了。

I mean they had to reach the shore by wading through ice-cold water to the shoreline.

我的意思是，他们必须涉过冰冷的海水到达海岸线。

And, Bradford says, at one point with sleet beating at them, they were covered with this ice glaze.

布拉德福德说，有一次雨夹雪袭击了他们，他们身上就覆盖了这种冰釉。

And they caught cold and they died.

他们感冒了，就死了。

Edward Winslow (actor, audio): : Friday, 22nd.

爱德华·温斯洛（演员、音频）：：22 日星期五。

The storm still continued, that we could not get a-land nor they come to us aboard.

风暴仍在继续，我们无法登陆，他们也没有来找我们上船。

This morning good-wife Allerton was delivered of a son, but dead born.

今天早上，好妻子阿勒顿生下了一个儿子，但出生时就死了。

Sunday, the 24th, our people on shore heard a cry of some savages -- which caused an alarm, and to stand on their guard, expecting an assault.

24日星期日，我们岸上的人们听到了一些野人的叫喊声，这引起了警报，并保持警惕，等待袭击。

But all was quiet.

但一切都很安静。

Narrator: : They had just set to work building a 21-square foot common house for protection against Indian attack when the temperature dropped, and the weather closed in mercilessly.

旁白：：他们刚刚着手建造一栋 21 平方英尺的普通房屋，以抵御印第安人的袭击，这时气温下降了，天气无情地关闭了。

One by one, the weakened immigrants began to succumb to dysentery, pneumonia, tuberculosis, exposure.

身体虚弱的移民一一开始死于痢疾、肺炎、肺结核、暴晒。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : That first sickness, that general mortality, must have been so pervasive.

苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔（Susan Hardman Moore），历史学家：：第一种疾病，即普遍的死亡，一定是非常普遍的。

At one time in that first winter, two or three people were dying every day.

在第一个冬天的某个时候，每天都有两三个人死去。

The number of people who were sick and needed caring for -- it must have been overwhelming.

生病并需要照顾的人数一定是巨大的。

I think there is something particularly devastating about what happens to them that first winter.

我认为第一个冬天发生在他们身上的事情尤其具有毁灭性。

Narrator: : By February, people were dying in droves -- some huddled in the makeshift settlement -- many more back on the Mayflower , which had been converted to a hospital for the sick, and a hospice for the dying.

旁白：到了二月，人们成群结队地死去——一些人挤在临时安置点——更多的人回到了五月花号上，五月花号已被改建成病人医院和临终者收容所。

Sue Allan, Writer: : The conditions onboard that ship must have been absolutely awful.

苏·艾伦（Sue Allan），编剧：：那艘船上的条件一定非常糟糕。

They can't go ashore.

他们不能上岸。

They're all suffering from scurvy.

他们都患有坏血病。

That sweet ship, the Mayflower -- by the end it was like a death house on the water.

那艘甜蜜的船，五月花号——到最后它就像水上的死亡之屋。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : It pleased God to visit us then with death daily, and with so general a disease that the living were scarce able to bury the dead, and the well in no measure sufficient to tend the sick.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：上帝很高兴每天都会有死亡降临到我们身上，而且疾病如此普遍，生者几乎无法埋葬死者，井也根本不足以照顾病人。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : By the spring, half of them are dead.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：：到了春天，一半的人都死了。

Fifty-some people die that first year.

第一年就有五十多人死亡。

And, by all rights, they all should have died given how ill-prepared they were.

而且，按理说，考虑到他们的准备有多么不充分，他们都应该死。

Narrator: : What happened that first winter was more than most of the grieving survivors could bear.

旁白：第一个冬天发生的事情超出了大多数悲伤的幸存者的承受能力。

The full horror of what they went through was fated to live on only in the margins of history.

他们所经历的一切的恐怖注定只能留在历史的边缘。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : In Bradford's history, he really turns away from the corpses.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：在布拉德福德的历史中，他确实远离了尸体。

There's no record of burials, which, with mass mortality -- with the dead outnumbering the living -- would account for a major activity of the group.

没有任何埋葬记录，但由于死亡率很高——死者数量超过了活着的人——这将成为该组织的主要活动。

So the question becomes, "What happened to the dead?"

所以问题就变成了“死者发生了什么？”

And what we do know is hidden in a piece of court testimony, by a man named Phineas Pratt.

我们所知道的信息隐藏在一份法庭证词中，出自菲尼亚斯·普拉特 (Phineas Pratt) 之手。

He came in 1623, to find the Plymouth Colony completely devastated.

1623 年，他来到普利茅斯殖民地，发现普利茅斯殖民地已被彻底摧毁。

And he asks, "Where are the rest of our friends?" And the answer, he reports, is, "God took them away by death.

他问道：“我们其他的朋友在哪里？”他报告说，答案是：“上帝用死亡把他们带走了。

And we were so dejected, and so frightened that first winter, that those who could carried our sick men into the woods, and propped them up against trees with their muskets by their side, so that the Indians, looking in through the forest, would think that we had a guard -- a forest sentinel." So, the well, Bradford tells us, are nursing the sick, but what Phineas Pratt tells us is those who have strength are carrying the sick and dying bodies into the woods and propping them up against trees.

第一个冬天我们感到非常沮丧和害怕，以至于那些能够把我们的病人抬进树林，把他们靠在树上，旁边放着步枪的印第安人，这样印第安人，透过森林往里看，就会以为我们有一个守卫——森林哨兵。”因此，布拉德福德告诉我们，井正在护理病人，但菲尼亚斯·普拉特告诉我们，那些有力量的人正在把病人和垂死的尸体抬到树林里，把他们靠在树上。

Later, when Increase Mather is writing a history of Plymouth, he quotes Phineas Pratt, but right at that terribly transgressive moment, Mather changes the story and inserts, instead, that they buried their dead at night, so as to keep their losses from the Indians.

后来，当英克里斯·马瑟（Increase Mather）撰写普利茅斯历史时，他引用了菲尼亚斯·普拉特（Phineas Pratt）的话，但就在那个可怕的越轨时刻，马瑟改变了故事并插入，他们在晚上埋葬了死者，以免印第安人损失。

And then, as the story of the Pilgrim dead gets told and retold, the story of night burials starts to get remembered and cherished and elaborated.

然后，随着朝圣者死者的故事被讲述和重述，夜葬的故事开始被记住、珍惜和阐述。

It comes to be not only that they do night burials, but that they plant corn over the graves so that the Indians don't notice how many losses that they have.

他们不仅进行夜葬，还在坟墓上种植玉米，这样印第安人就不会注意到他们有多少损失。

But what really happened gets completely dropped out of the history.

但真正发生的事情却完全从历史中消失了。

It is too transgressive and very dangerous, as the story about the corpses falling in the wilderness comes to pass.

这太违法了，也很危险，荒野里尸体倒下的故事就这样发生了。

And this place becomes this place of death -- both Native and English, and so they had to make some kind of meaning out of that.

这个地方变成了死亡之地——无论是原住民还是英国人，所以他们必须从中创造出某种意义。

It couldn't just be a wasteyard of bones for everyone.

它不可能只是每个人的骨头废场。

They have to mean differently.

它们的含义必须不同。

So they started to assign different meanings to Indian death and English death.

于是他们开始给印度人的死亡和英国人的死亡赋予不同的含义。

Indian death were just bones scattered on the ground -- were forgotten people, were just material.

印度人的死亡只是散落在地上的骨头——被遗忘的人，只是物质。

Indian death was about becoming carrion, waste, dispossession.

印第安人的死亡就是变成腐肉、废物、被剥夺。

Whereas English death was about becoming the seed, buried, possession.

而英国人的死亡则意味着成为种子、被埋葬、被占有。

English death was going to be remembered, was going to be honored.

英国人的死亡将被铭记，将被纪念。

And Bradford makes very much of this, because in his history, what he has to do is plant those people in Plymouth to make a kind of permanence there -- to claim that ground as a ground of history.

布拉德福德非常重视这一点，因为在他的历史中，他要做的就是将这些人安置在普利茅斯，在那里建立一种永久性——声称那片土地是历史的土地。

So putting bodies into the ground, even though they're "scarce buried," is a way of making that ground sacred.

因此，将尸体埋入地下，即使它们“很少被埋葬”，也是使这片土地变得神圣的一种方式。

It could be that the most important thing that the people of Plymouth planted was their dead.

普利茅斯人种植的最重要的东西可能就是他们的死者。

Narrator: : The days were growing longer and the death rate had finally begun to subside when on Friday March 16th, cries of panic and alarm rang out as a lone warrior -- naked except for a loin cloth, and carrying a bow -- broke cover from the line of trees near their huts and walked boldly into the camp.

旁白： 3 月 16 日星期五，日子一天天变长，死亡率终于开始下降，恐慌和惊恐的呼喊声响起，一名孤独的战士全身赤裸，身上裹着一块腰布，手里拿着一把弓，冲破了小屋附近的树丛，勇敢地走进了营地。

Edward Winslow (actor, audio): : He saluted us in English, and bade us welcome, He was the first savage we had met withal.

爱德华·温斯洛（演员，音频）：：他用英语向我们致敬，并向我们表示欢迎，他是我们遇到的第一个野蛮人。

He said his name was Samoset.

他说他的名字叫萨莫塞特。

He told us the place we now live is called Patuxet, and that about four years ago all the inhabitants died of an extraordinary plague, so as there is none to hinder our possession, or to lay claim unto it.

他告诉我们，我们现在居住的地方叫帕图西特，大约四年前，所有居民都死于一场非同寻常的瘟疫，因此没有人能阻止我们拥有或声称拥有它。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : The Wampanoags are looking for an ally.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：万帕诺亚格人正在寻找盟友。

They're suspicious of the Pilgrims when they first come.

当朝圣者第一次来时，他们对他们持怀疑态度。

They stay away from them at first.

他们一开始就远离他们。

They watch them.

他们看着他们。

But, eventually, they realize that an alliance is going to be best for them as well.

但最终，他们意识到联盟对他们来说也是最好的。

Tobias Vanderhoop, Chairmain, Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah: : It was not just political convenience - it was survival.

阿奎纳万帕诺亚格部落主席托比亚斯·范德胡普 (Tobias Vanderhoop)：这不仅仅是政治上的便利，更是为了生存。

If you do not have power backing you, and you are a weakened people then the enemies that naturally exist around you will take advantage.

如果你没有力量支持，而且你是一个弱小的民族，那么你周围自然存在的敌人就会有机可乘。

And our leadership knew very well the tough decisions that needed to be made at the time in order to ensure that Wampanoag people continue to exist in Wampanoag territory.

我们的领导层非常清楚当时需要做出哪些艰难的决定，以确保万帕诺亚格人继续在万帕诺亚格领土上生存。

Narrator: : Six days later, the emissary returned, bringing the principle leader of the Wampanoags, their Massasoit, and 60 of his men, including Tisquantum, the sole survivor of Patuxet who served as interpreter as the two sides concluded a remarkable treaty, agreeing, among other things, not to harm each other's people, and to come to each the other's aid in the event of attack.

旁白：六天后，使者回来了，带来了万帕诺亚格人的主要领袖马萨索伊特和他的 60 名部下，其中包括帕塔克西特唯一的幸存者提斯匡特姆，他在双方缔结一项非凡条约时担任翻译，除其他外，同意不伤害对方的人民，并在发生攻击时互相援助。

It was also agreed that Tisquantum would remain with the struggling group on the site of his former home to help with the spring planting.

双方还同意，蒂斯匡特姆将留在他以前的家中，与这个苦苦挣扎的团体一起帮助春季播种。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : Both peoples were in a survival situation.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：两个民族都处于生存困境。

The Wampanoag had been devastated by disease in the three years before, and the neighboring Narragansetts were threatening to really take them over.

万帕诺亚格人在三年前饱受疾病摧残，邻近的纳拉甘西特人威胁要真正接管他们。

The Pilgrims were obviously very close to losing everything after that first winter.

在第一个冬天之后，清教徒显然非常接近失去一切。

And so they began to form an alliance with Massasoit and the Wampanoags, and I think that defined so much of what happened in that first and second year.

因此他们开始与马萨索伊特和万帕诺亚格人结盟，我认为这定义了第一年和第二年发生的很多事情。

Narrator: : Two weeks after concluding the treaty, the immigrants gathered at the harbor to bid a somber farewell to the Mayflower , which on April 5th, 1621 set sail for England, with Captain Jones, an empty hold, and a drastically diminished crew.

旁白：条约签订两周后，移民们聚集在港口，向五月花号告别，五月花号于 1621 年 4 月 5 日启航前往英国，船长是琼斯，货舱空空如也，船员也大幅减少。

It was one of the last voyages she would ever take.

这是她最后一次航行之一。

In less than a year, Captain Jones himself would be dead, and two years after that, the Mayflower , rotting at anchor on the Thames, would be sold for scrap, and disappear to history.

不到一年，琼斯船长本人就会去世，两年后，停泊在泰晤士河上腐烂的五月花号将被当作废品出售，并消失在历史中。

The Pilgrims' only anchor and lifeline was gone.

清教徒们唯一的锚和生命线已经消失了。

They were on their own.

他们只能靠自己了。

With the return of warm weather, they put in their first crops under Tisquantum's careful supervision, planting herring in yard-wide mounds of earth sewn with corn seed, and adding once the corn came up seeds of squash and beans.

随着温暖天气的回归，他们在蒂斯匡特姆的精心监督下种植了第一批作物，在用玉米种子缝制的院子宽的土堆中种植鲱鱼，一旦玉米长出南瓜和豆类的种子。

The coming of spring did not entirely halt the sad toll of death.

春天的到来并没有完全阻止悲伤的死亡人数。

William Bradford (Roger Rees, audio): : In this month of April, whilst they were busy about their seed, their Governor (Mr. John Carver), came out of the field very sick, it being a hot day; he complained greatly of his head, and lay downe, and within a few hours his senses failed -- so as he never spake more till he died.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯，音频）：：四月份，当他们忙于种子时，他们的州长（约翰·卡弗先生）从田里出来时病得很重，因为天气很热；他对自己的头脑大为抱怨，然后躺了下来，几个小时后他的知觉就丧失了——所以他直到死都没有再说话。

Shortly after William Bradford was chosen Governor in his stead.

威廉·布拉德福德（William Bradford）被选为州长后不久接替他。

And by renewed election every year, continued sundry years together -- which I here note once for all.

通过每年重新选举，继续共同度过各种岁月——我在这里一劳永逸地指出这一点。

Narrator: : All through the warm summer months, the grieving immigrants labored to make a world for themselves -- building houses, tilling soil, fishing for cod and bass in the bay.

旁白：在整个温暖的夏季，悲伤的移民们努力为自己创造一个世界——建造房屋、耕耘土壤、在海湾里捕捞鳕鱼和鲈鱼。

In June, they made their first tentative efforts to trade with the native groups around them.

六月，他们第一次尝试与周围的土著群体进行贸易。

In July, William Bradford sent Edward Winslow and Stephen Hopkins to visit the Wampanoags in their village, 40 miles to the west, to build on their alliance and to find out whom they had stolen corn seed from the previous December, and to make reparations.

7 月，威廉·布拉德福德派爱德华·温斯洛和史蒂芬·霍普金斯前往西边 40 英里的万帕诺亚格人村庄，以巩固他们的联盟，查明谁偷了去年 12 月的玉米种子，并进行赔偿。

Autumn came, and the days dipped down into darkness.

秋天来了，天渐渐陷入黑暗。

By October, they had finished erecting 11 crude structures in all -- seven dwelling-houses -- and four common buildings.

到 10 月，他们总共建造了 11 栋简陋建筑——七栋住宅——和四栋普通建筑。

They had also managed to bring in a successful harvest of corn, thanks to Tisquantum, and as the leaves began to turn, they prepared, Edward Winslow reported, to in a "special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors." No one at the time called it Thanksgiving.

多亏了提斯匡特姆，他们还成功地收获了玉米，据爱德华·温斯洛报道，随着树叶开始转动，他们准备“在收获了劳动成果后，以一种特殊的方式一起庆祝”。当时没有人称其为感恩节。

William Bradford made no mention of it in his history.

威廉·布拉德福德在他的历史中没有提及这一点。

Linda Coombs, Wampanoag Historian: : There isn't much of a record.

Linda Coombs，万帕诺亚格历史学家：：没有太多记录。

There's a paragraph, I think, in Winslow, that describes what's come to be known as the first Thanksgiving.

我认为温斯洛的书中有一段描述了后来被称为第一个感恩节的事情。

It says nothing about an invitation.

它没有提到任何有关邀请的内容。

It was just that the English were doing this thing, and Massasoit showed up with these 90 men.

只是英国人正在做这件事，马萨索伊特带着这90个人出现了。

They stayed for three days -- they went out and got five deer to add to what the English were cooking.

他们待了三天——他们出去买了五只鹿来添加到英国人的烹饪中。

They played games together.

他们一起玩游戏。

There's like four little facts of what happened, and then the rest of it is fluff that's been added over the centuries.

关于所发生的事情，大概有四个小事实，其余的都是几个世纪以来添加的废话。

Narrator: : Two and a half centuries later, at another American moment of great trial and suffering, the humble event, all but disregarded by the Pilgrims themselves, would be recast as one of the most important and defining moments in American history.

旁白：两个半世纪后，在美国另一个遭受巨大考验和苦难的时刻，这一不起眼的事件，几乎被清教徒们自己忽视，却被重新塑造为美国历史上最重要和最具决定性的时刻之一。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : We love the story of Thanksgiving because it's about alliance and abundance and envisioning a future where Native Americans and colonial Americans can come together and celebrate the providences of a single God.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：我们喜欢感恩节的故事，因为它是关于联盟和丰富的，并展望了一个​​未来，美洲原住民和殖民地美洲人可以聚集在一起，庆祝单一上帝的天意。

But part of the reason that they were grateful was that they had been in such misery; that they had lost so many people on both sides.

但他们之所以心怀感激，部分原因是因为他们曾经陷入过如此痛苦的境地。双方都失去了这么多人。

So, in some way, that day of thanksgiving is also coming out of mourning; it's also coming out of grief.

所以，从某种程度上来说，感恩节也是从哀悼中走出来的。它也是从悲伤中走出来的。

And this abundance, that is a relief from that loss.

而这种丰富，就是对那种损失的一种解脱。

But we don't think about the loss, we think about the abundance.

但我们考虑的不是损失，而是丰富。

Narrator: : On November 9th, 1621, a shout went up from a lookout on Burial Hill, followed by the loud booming of a cannon -- as far out in the bay the first sails they seen since the departure of the Mayflower loomed on the eastern horizon.

旁白： 1621 年 11 月 9 日，埋葬山的瞭望台上传来一声喊叫，随后是一声大炮轰鸣——远处的海湾里，他们看到的第一张帆，自五月花号启航以来，在东方地平线上若隐若现。

They had had no contact with the outside world for more than a year.

他们已经有一年多没有与外界接触了。

Though they feared at first it might be French pirates, it turned out to be an English relief ship, called the Fortune -- sent by their mercurial broker -- Thomas Weston.

尽管他们一开始担心这可能是法国海盗，但事实证明这是一艘英国救援船，名为“财富”号，由他们善变的经纪人托马斯·韦斯顿派出。

A third the size of the Mayflower , the tiny vessel carried 35 new recruits, to Bradford's dismay, only a handful of them Separatists, no supplies to speak of -- more mouths to feed just as winter came on again -- and a stinging letter from Thomas Weston himself rebuking the colonists for having failed to send back any cargo with the Mayflower .

这艘小船只有五月花号的三分之一大小，载着 35 名新兵，令布拉德福德沮丧的是，其中只有少数是分离主义者，没有补给可言——冬天再次到来时，还有更多的人需要吃饭——托马斯·韦斯顿本人写了一封尖刻的信，谴责殖民者没有用五月花号运回任何货物。

When the Fortune weighed anchor four weeks later, they freighted it with as much beaver fur and timber as they could muster, but it was nowhere near enough to make a difference.

四个星期后，当财富号起锚时，他们装载了尽可能多的海狸皮毛和木材，但这还远远不足以产生影响。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : They desperately needed to find something they could ship back to England to pay their debts.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》作者：他们迫切需要找到可以运回英国的东西来偿还债务。

And that just wasn't available in those early years in New England.

而这在新英格兰早年是不可能实现的。

So there were all kinds of challenges, which they were not well-prepared for.

因此，他们面临着各种各样的挑战，而他们却没有做好充分的准备。

Narrator: : Over the next 18 months, as the pilgrims struggled to stay alive and keep their group together, they would face staggering new challenges, on not one but three fronts simultaneously: economic and demographic, as they struggled desperately to make ends meet, and to contend with the influx of what William Bradford called profane and disorderly outsiders; but also military, as it soon became terrifying clear that their alliance with the Wampanoags would not be easily replicated with other groups in the region.

旁白：在接下来的 18 个月里，当朝圣者努力生存并保持群体团结时，他们将同时面临三个方面的惊人新挑战：经济和人口，他们拼命挣扎以维持收支平衡，并应对威廉·布拉德福德 (William Bradford) 所说的亵渎和无序的外来者的涌入；但也包括军事方面，因为很快人们就清楚地意识到，他们与万帕诺亚格人的联盟不会轻易与该地区的其他群体复制。

The struggle with those challenges would change them forever.

与这些挑战的斗争将永远改变他们。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : Part of that has to do with living in a world where it suddenly seems that no holds are barred, where you're being forced to do things that you never thought that you would be forced to do, and you're willing to do things that you never thought that you would be willing to do.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：部分原因在于生活在一个突然间似乎没有任何限制的世界，你被迫做你从未想过你会被迫做的事情，你愿意做你从未想过你会愿意做的事情。

Narrator: : Ominous rumors had been swirling around the settlement for months -- first that the Narragansetts, then that the Massachusetts -- were planning to attack, when in early December, William Bradford ordered the construction of an eight-foot-high timber wall around the entire plantation for protection.

旁白：几个月来，关于定居点的不祥谣言一直在流传——首先是纳拉甘西特家族，然后是马萨诸塞州——正计划发动袭击，12月初，威廉·布拉德福德下令在整个种植园周围建造一堵八英尺高的木墙以提供保护。

Work on the massive fortification had just been completed when three new ships, also sent by Thomas Weston, appeared in the harbor.

当同样由托马斯·韦斯顿派出的三艘新船出现在港口时，大规模防御工事的工作刚刚完成。

Their arrival would trigger the darkest crisis in the Pilgrims' history.

他们的到来将引发朝圣者历史上最黑暗的危机。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : Thomas Weston sponsored another competing trading post, north of Plymouth.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：托马斯·韦斯顿赞助了位于普利茅斯北部的另一个竞争贸易站。

It was very different from the Pilgrim contingent.

这与朝圣者队伍有很大不同。

They were not there for religious reasons; they did not have a social cohesion; they did not have family structures.

他们不是出于宗教原因来到这里；他们没有社会凝聚力；他们没有家庭结构。

They were there for financial reasons, and it was a collection of young men.

他们来这里是出于经济原因，而且是一群年轻人。

Narrator: : None of the 60 new colonists were Separatists.

旁白：：60 个新殖民者中没有一个是分离主义者。

They had come to set up what amounted to a rival trading post, and after four months of uneasy cohabitation with the colonists at Plymouth, moved 30 miles up the coast to a place called Wessagussett near a Massachusetts village still reeling from the recent epidemics.

他们来这里是为了建立一个相当于竞争对手的贸易站，在普利茅斯与殖民者不安地共处了四个月后，他们搬到了海岸线 30 英里外的一个叫韦萨古塞特的地方，靠近马萨诸塞州的一个村庄，该村庄仍然受到最近流行病的影响。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : And things very, very quickly start deteriorating there.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：那里的情况很快就开始恶化。

They have terrible relationships with the Natives.

他们与原住民的关系很糟糕。

They run out of food.

他们没有食物了。

The Natives start jeering at them, making fun of them.

当地人开始嘲笑他们、取笑他们。

The people at Wessagusset start trading their clothes for capfuls of corn, they start working for the Indians.

威萨古塞特的人们开始用衣服换取玉米盖，他们开始为印第安人工作。

And the whole social structure of that trading post just absolutely falls apart.

那个贸易站的整个社会结构完全崩溃了。

Narrator: : As the new colony disintegrated, more bad news reached Plymouth -- first that the Fortune had been plundered on her return voyage, leaving the colony for a second straight year with nothing to show for itself, then that a massive Indian uprising, in Virginia, had killed 347 English colonists near Jamestown.

旁白：随着新殖民地的瓦解，更多的坏消息传到了普利茅斯——首先是财富号在回程中遭到掠夺，殖民地连续第二年一无所有，然后是弗吉尼亚州的一场大规模印第安人起义，导致詹姆斯敦附近的 347 名英国殖民者丧生。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : And the Pilgrims feared that something similar was about to happen to them.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》的作者：：清教徒们担心类似的事情也会发生在他们身上。

And there were clear indications that they were under threat from some parts of the local Native American population.

有明显迹象表明他们受到了当地部分美洲原住民的威胁。

Narrator: : In March 1623, news reached Plymouth that Massasoit himself, their only ally, lay dying, and William Bradford quickly dispatched Edward Winslow to his bedside.

旁白：1623 年 3 月，消息传到普利茅斯，他们唯一的盟友马萨索伊特本人已经病危，威廉·布拉德福德迅速将爱德华·温斯洛送到他的床边。

Under the Englishmen's skilled care the Wampanoag leader made a rapid recovery, and in return revealed that Plymouth was in the gravest danger from a region wide conspiracy whose aim was to eradicate all English settlements in New England.

在英国人熟练的护理下，万帕诺亚格领导人迅速康复，而作为回报，普利茅斯正处于一场旨在消灭新英格兰所有英国定居点的全地区阴谋的最严重危险之中。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : The Massachusetts have a plan that they want to wipe out the Wessagusset trading post.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：：马萨诸塞州有一个计划，他们想要消灭韦萨古塞特贸易站。

But they're afraid of retaliation from Plymouth.

但他们害怕普利茅斯的报复。

So the plan is to actually make a coalition, and wipe out both Wessagusset and Plymouth.

因此，计划实际上是组建一个联盟，并消灭威萨古塞特和普利茅斯。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Mr. Weston's colony had by their evil and debauched carriage so exasperated the Indians among them as they plotted their overthrow; and because they knew not how to effect it for fear we would revenge it upon them, they secretly instigated other peoples to conspire against us also, thinking to assault us with their force at home....

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：韦斯顿先生的殖民地的邪恶和放荡行为激怒了他们中的印第安人，他们密谋推翻他们；因为他们不知道如何实施，害怕我们向他们报复，所以他们暗中煽动其他民族也密谋反对我们，想用他们在国内的武力攻击我们……

but their treachery was discovered unto us and, we went to rescue the lives of our countrymen -- and take vengeance of them for their villainy.

但他们的背叛行为被我们发现了，我们去拯救我们同胞的生命，并为他们的恶行报仇。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : Miles Standish and Allerton and Bradford decide to make a preemptive strike.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：迈尔斯·斯坦迪什、阿勒顿和布拉德福德决定先发制人。

Miles Standish and others go to Wessagusset on the pretense of trade.

迈尔斯·斯坦迪什和其他人以贸易为借口前往韦萨古塞特。

And they gather many of the Indian men, including two leaders, into the trading post supposedly for trade.

他们聚集了许多印度男子，包括两名领导人，进入据称是为了进行贸易的贸易站。

Lock the doors, and on a signal, kill these two men with their own knives hanging around their neck.

锁上门，接到信号后，用脖子上挂着的刀杀死这两个人。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : Standish was a war veteran, and the veterans of the Thirty Years' War were brutes, hammerers.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：：斯坦迪什是一位退伍军人，而三十年战争的退伍军人都是野蛮人、锤子手。

And they went up there -- a young Indian boy they hung, and then the rest they stabbed to death and cut off one of their heads, and brought it back and put it on a pole in the middle of Plymouth.

他们去了那里——他们吊死了一个年轻的印第安男孩，然后把其余的人刺死，砍下他们的一个头，然后把它带回来，放在普利茅斯中部的一根柱子上。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : Miles Standish decapitates one of them, and brings the head, as a trophy, back to Plymouth where he is greeted with joy.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：迈尔斯·斯坦迪什斩下了其中一个人的头，并将头颅作为战利品带回普利茅斯，在那里他受到了热烈的欢迎。

This is Wituwamat.

这是维图瓦马特。

The head is then erected on a pike and placed at the apex of their fort, and it stays there for years.

然后，头颅被竖立在长矛上，放置在堡垒的顶端，并在那里停留数年。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : By the good Providence of God, we killed seven of the chief of them, and the head of one of them stands still upon our fort for a terror unto others.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：感谢上帝的仁慈，我们杀死了他们中的七位首领，其中一位的头颅仍然矗立在我们的堡垒上，以恐吓其他人。

Narrator: : When word of the attack reached Leiden, John Robinson wrote an anguished letter back to William Bradford.

旁白：：当袭击的消息传到莱顿时，约翰·罗宾逊给威廉·布拉德福德写了一封痛苦的信。

John Robinson (actor, audio): : Concerning the killing of those poor Indians....

约翰·罗宾逊（演员，音频）：：关于杀害那些可怜的印第安人......

oh!

哦！

how happy a thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had killed any; besides, where blood is once begun to be shed, it is seldom stanched of a long time after.

如果你在杀死任何人之前改变了一些人，那该是多么幸福的事情啊！此外，一旦流血，很少会在很长一段时间内止住。

You will say they deserved it....

你会说他们罪有应得......

but upon what provocations by those heathenish Christians?

但这些异教徒基督徒有何挑衅呢？

It is a thing more glorious in men's eyes, than pleasing in God's to be a terror to poor barbarous people.

让可怜的野蛮人感到恐惧，这在人眼中比在上帝眼中更光荣。

Yours truly loving, John Robinson

您真诚的爱，约翰·罗宾逊

Narrator: : The bloodshed at Wessagussett was a watershed -- permanently altering the balance of power in the region -- in favor of the Pilgrims and their allies, the Wampanoags.

旁白： 韦萨古西特的流血事件是一个分水岭，永久改变了该地区的力量平衡，有利于朝圣者及其盟友万帕诺亚格人。

Five months later, William Bradford married a recently arrived 32-year-old widow named Alice Southworth -- in a ceremony attended by the entire community.

五个月后，威廉·布拉德福德 (William Bradford) 与刚抵达的 32 岁寡妇爱丽丝·索斯沃斯 (Alice Southworth) 结婚，整个社区都参加了婚礼。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : The Pilgrims usually shun decoration, ornamentation.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：朝圣者通常回避装饰、装饰。

But when Bradford gets married, people notice one piece of ornament -- a piece of linen soaked in Wituwamat's blood.

但当布拉德福德结婚时，人们注意到一件装饰品——一块浸有维图瓦马特血的亚麻布。

Visitors to Plymouth commented upon it.

普利茅斯的游客对此发表了评论。

It's there in letters.

是用字母写的。

When Massasoit comes with his band to Bradford's wedding, he sees Wituwamat's head on the pike.

当马萨索伊特带着他的乐队参加布拉德福德的婚礼时，他看到维图瓦马特的头挂在长矛上。

Although, to Massasoit, it was a signal of the strength of his alliance with Plymouth and Plymouth's willingness to take action against enemies.

尽管如此，对马萨索伊特来说，这是他与普利茅斯联盟的实力以及普利茅斯愿意对敌人采取行动的信号。

Narrator: : By 1623, the most immediate existential threats to the colony's survival had started to recede, but other challenges remained, and in the long run these would prove even more intractable.

旁白： ：到 1623 年，对殖民地生存最直接的威胁已经开始消退，但其他挑战仍然存在，从长远来看，这些挑战将变得更加棘手。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : When you trace Bradford's thinking through these years, what strikes me most is the degree to which it was a continuous disappointment.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：当你追溯布拉德福德这些年来的想法时，最让我印象深刻的是他持续失望的程度。

By 1625 -- which is, what, just a few years from the beginning -- he's already complaining that the group is dissipating, that there are troubles, that strangers and Gentiles of all sorts are making trouble.

到了 1625 年——也就是距离开始仅几年——他已经开始抱怨这个团体正在消散，存在着麻烦，陌生人和各种各样的外邦人都在制造麻烦。

Narrator: : In 1626, a gloom fell over the settlement when news came from Leiden that John Robinson had died the previous winter.

旁白： 1626 年，当莱顿传来约翰·罗宾逊于前一年冬天去世的消息时，定居点笼罩在一片阴郁之中。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : And I think that was a perpetual disappointment to Brewster and to Bradford.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：我认为这让布鲁斯特和布拉德福德永远感到失望。

They felt the pain of that very clearly that this person who was the most crucial mentor for the whole group -- so instrumental in creating this community -- was never there with them.

他们非常清楚地感受到了这种痛苦，因为这个对整个团队来说最重要的导师——在创建这个社区方面发挥了如此重要的作用——却从来没有和他们在一起。

Narrator: : In 1626, the investors in London -- convinced the colony would never show a profit -- filed for bankruptcy, and disbanded the Merchant Adventurers.

旁白： 1626 年，伦敦的投资者确信该殖民地永远不会盈利，因此申请破产，并解散了商人冒险家协会。

Most of the massive debt left behind was assumed by eight of the colony's most stalwart members, who, going forward, would have a monopoly on whatever trade the company might be able to establish -- a prospect that by 1626 looked exceedingly bleak as most people, on both sides of the Atlantic, now assumed the blighted colony would soon fail completely.

留下的巨额债务大部分由该殖民地的八位最坚定的成员承担，他们将垄断该公司可能建立的任何贸易——到 1626 年，这一前景看起来极其黯淡，因为大西洋两岸的大多数人现在都认为这个衰弱的殖民地很快就会彻底破产。

Joyce Chaplin, Historian: : Their business model leaned heavily on the idea that America was a place of things of incredible value.

乔伊斯·卓别林（Joyce Chaplin），历史学家：：他们的商业模式很大程度上依赖于这样一种理念：美国是一个拥有令人难以置信的价值的地方。

Now beaver are not quite as valuable as gold, but it is still a valuable commodity, and the beaver ends up saving them.

现在海狸不像黄金那么值钱，但它仍然是一种有价值的商品，海狸最终拯救了它们。

Nick Bunker, Author, Making Haste From Babylon: : The Pilgrims certainly did try to find beaver skins as soon as they could.

尼克·邦克（Nick Bunker），《匆忙逃离巴比伦》的作者：：朝圣者确实试图尽快找到海狸皮。

But although beaver skins were valuable, the price was relatively low during the early 1620s.

不过，尽管海狸皮很有价值，但在 1620 年代初期价格相对较低。

It rocketed up later on in 1627-1628.

随后在 1627 年至 1628 年期间飙升。

It quadrupled, and the Pilgrims got the benefit of that.

它翻了两番，朝圣者从中受益。

But in order to really get furs in sufficient quantities, they needed to get up to Maine.

但为了真正获得足够数量的毛皮，他们需要前往缅因州。

And Edward Winslow was the key character in this, because Winslow had been going up to Maine for several years, particularly the Kennebec Valley in Maine, or the Penobscot Valley in Maine -- river valleys where there are enormous supplies of beaver fur readily available.

爱德华·温斯洛（Edward Winslow）是其中的关键人物，因为温斯洛多年来一直前往缅因州，特别是缅因州的肯纳贝克山谷或缅因州的佩诺布斯科特山谷，这些河谷里有大量的海狸毛皮供应。

So everything came together in 1627 and 1628.

所以一切都在 1627 年和 1628 年发生。

Price had gone up, Pilgrims had found the furs.

价格上涨了，朝圣者找到了毛皮。

The opportunity presented itself, and back came beaver skins in their thousands.

机会出现了，成千上万的海狸皮回来了。

Now once the Pilgrims had been able to deliver beaver skins back to England in sufficient quantities to turn a profit, investors in London saw that if you took this business model the Pilgrims had developed, then you might be able to build a much, much bigger colony -- with not hundreds of colonists, but thousands of colonists.

现在，一旦清教徒能够将足够数量的海狸皮运回英国以赚取利润，伦敦的投资者就会发现，如果采用清教徒开发的这种商业模式，那么你可能能够建立一个更大的殖民地——不是数百名殖民者，而是数千名殖民者。

And so they took the Plymouth Colony prototype, and they turned it into something far, far bigger, on a far bigger scale.

因此，他们采用了普利茅斯殖民地原型，并将其变成了更大、规模更大的东西。

Which is where you find yourself with the founding of New Boston, in 1630.

您将在 1630 年见证新波士顿的建立。

Narrator: : In the spring of 1630, a ship called the Arabella -- the first of a massive fleet of 17 ships, led by a wealthy Puritan lawyer named John Winthrop, left Yarmouth for the bay of Massachusetts, 60 miles north of Plymouth, bringing 1,000 well-supplied Puritan immigrants.

旁白：1630 年春天，一艘名为“阿拉贝拉”号的船是由 17 艘船组成的庞大舰队中的第一艘，由富有的清教徒律师约翰·温思罗普 (John Winthrop) 率领，离开雅茅斯前往普利茅斯以北 60 英里的马萨诸塞州湾，载着 1,000 名物资充足的清教徒移民。

All through the spring and summer the great ships arrived.

整个春天和夏天，伟大的船只都到达了。

By the end of July, a church been established -- the First Church of Boston.

7月底，一座教堂成立了——波士顿第一教堂。

By mid-September, the new settlement already had a population of nearly a thousand -- three times larger in 10 weeks -- than the tiny community Plymouth had gathered to itself in 10 years.

到九月中旬，新定居点的人口已经接近一千人，十周内人口增加了三倍，是普利茅斯这个小社区十年来人口的三倍。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : The size of the two groups is massively different.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔 (Susan Hardman Moore)：：这两个群体的规模截然不同。

The ethos is similar -- they are all Reformed Protestants of a passionate conviction, but the striking difference is the people who go to Boston make an enormous fuss about the fact that they are not separating from the Church of England.

精神是相似的——他们都是有着热情信念的改革宗新教徒，但显着的区别是去波士顿的人们对他们没有脱离英国国教这一事实大惊小怪。

Narrator: : In July, Edward Winslow paid a visit to their new sister colony.

旁白：：七月，爱德华·温斯洛拜访了他们的新姐妹殖民地。

Whatever their theological differences, he reported, William Bradford could take courage in knowing that the elders of the new colony had been urged to "take advice of them at Plymouth," and to "do nothing to offend them."

他报告说，无论他们的神学差异如何，威廉·布拉德福德都可以鼓起勇气，因为他知道新殖民地的长老们被敦促“在普利茅斯听取他们的建议”，并且“不要做任何冒犯他们的事情”。

After 10 harrowing years, the future of a Puritan New England -- if not a Separatist one -- seemed assured.

在经历了痛苦的十年之后，清教徒新英格兰的未来——即使不是分离主义的——似乎已经确定了。

The Pilgrims' experiment, in that respect at least, had worked.

至少在这方面，朝圣者的实验是有效的。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Thus out of smalle beginings greater things have been produced by His hand that made all things of nothing, and gives being to all things that are; and as one small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sorte to our whole nation; let the glorious name of Jehova have all the praise.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：：因此，从微小的开始，伟大的事物被他的手创造出来，他从虚无中创造了一切，并赋予了一切存在；正如一根小蜡烛可以点燃一千支蜡烛一样，这里点燃的光芒已经照亮了许多人，是的，在某种程度上照亮了我们整个国家；让耶和华荣耀的名得到一切的赞美。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : Well, in some ways, of course, it is a success story.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：嗯，从某些方面来说，这当然是一个成功的故事。

Because, completely against the odds, they survived, they put down roots, they established a colony.

因为，他们完全克服了困难，生存下来，扎根，建立了殖民地。

So in that sense it was a success.

所以从这个意义上说，这是成功的。

The sense in which it is poignantly not a success is, I think for Bradford, the sense that the community he had hoped for didn't materialize in the sweet way that he had hoped it would.

我认为，对于布拉德福德来说，这并不是一个成功的感觉，就是他所希望的社区没有以他所希望的甜蜜方式实现的感觉。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : They wanted to achieve the ultimate spiritual community on Earth -- and that never happened.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作家：：他们想要在地球上实现终极的精神社区——但这从未发生过。

Narrator: : In 1630, not long after the founding of the colony at Boston, William Bradford, 40 now and beginning his 10th year as governor, sat down to write a history Of Plymouth Plantation , sensing perhaps from the moment the new settlement began how dramatically his own community would be transformed, and determined to leave an account of who his people were, and what had happened to them, and why they mattered.

旁白：1630 年，波士顿殖民地建立后不久，现年 40 岁的威廉·布拉德福德 (William Bradford) 开始了他担任总督的第十个年头，他坐下来撰写一部《普利茅斯种植园》的历史，也许从新定居点开始的那一刻起，他就意识到他自己的社区将发生多么巨大的转变，并决定留下一份记录，讲述他的人民是谁、他们发生了什么以及他们为何如此重要。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : I think, for Bradford, the experiment was not a success.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：我认为，对于布拉德福德来说，这个实验并不成功。

But as a historian writing for posterity, he can tell the story and preserve the meaning of their vision and their implantation.

但作为一名为后人写作的历史学家，他可以讲述这个故事并保留他们的愿景和植入的意义。

Even as that vision is being dissipated, and not being held by others, he can preserve it in his history.

即使这种愿景正在消散，并且不再被其他人持有，他也可以将其保留在他的历史中。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : He was aware of what was going on around him, acutely aware of things that were happening.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林：：他知道周围发生的事情，敏锐地意识到正在发生的事情。

And he was no fool.

他并不傻。

He knew that when the Puritans started to arrive in 1630 -- 15,000 of them -- the market for agricultural goods was going to boom.

他知道，当 1630 年清教徒人数达到 15,000 人时，农产品市场将会繁荣。

Which meant more farms, farther out, fresher ground -- that would further dissipate the religious group.

这意味着更多的农场、更远的地方、更新鲜的土地——这将进一步驱散宗教团体。

And, even those most committed to its principles are wandering out into farms and outlying districts.

而且，即使是那些最恪守其原则的人也开始走进农场和边远地区。

The heart of the community was being lost because its integrity was personal -- people living together as a group, praying together and sharing their beliefs.

社区的核心正在消失，因为它的完整性是个人的——人们作为一个群体生活在一起，一起祈祷并分享他们的信仰。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Writer: : And this is a great despair for Bradford.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），编剧：：这对布拉德福德来说是一种巨大的绝望。

Instead of his little congregation of saints, he has his best friend, Edward Winslow, moving off, forming other towns, such as Duxbury, leaving the mother church.

他最好的朋友爱德华·温斯洛(Edward Winslow)离开了他的圣徒小会众，搬走了，组建了其他城镇，例如达克斯伯里(Duxbury)，离开了母教堂。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Oh, poor Plymouth, how dost thou moan!

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：哦，可怜的普利茅斯，你怎么呻吟！

Thy children, all, are from thee gone; And left thou art, in widow's state -- Poor, helpless, sad, and desolate.

你所有的孩子都离开了你；留下你，处于寡妇的状态——贫穷、无助、悲伤和荒凉。

Some thou hast had, it is well known, Who sought thy good before their own.

众所周知，你有一些人，他们优先考虑你的利益。

But times are changed, those days are gone, And therefore art thou left alone.

但时代变了，那些日子已经过去了，因此你独自一人。

To make others rich, thyself art poor; They are increased out of thy store.

使别人富有，自己就贫穷；它们已从您的商店中增加。

But, being rich, they thee forsake, Leaving thee poor and desolate.

然而，你富有了，他们却抛弃了你，留下你贫穷而荒凉。

Susan Hardman Moore, Historian: : I wonder, with Bradford.

历史学家苏珊·哈德曼·摩尔：我想知道，与布拉德福德。

He has had to deal with so much human frailty -- so many human foibles in his life as governor -- that, perhaps, the sense of being a pilgrim bound for heaven, rather than a pilgrim who will reach their new Jerusalem on Earth, is borne in on him very strongly towards the end of his life.

他不得不面对如此多的人性弱点——在他作为总督的一生中，如此多的人性弱点——也许，在他生命的最后一刻，他强烈地感受到自己是一个前往天堂的朝圣者，而不是一个将到达地球上的新耶路撒冷的朝圣者。

I think there may be something of that verse from Hebrews 11 -- "We are pilgrims and strangers in the world" -- comes to his heart.

我想希伯来书第11章中的那节经文——“我们在世上是客旅，是寄居的”——可能浮现在他的心里。

Bernard Bailyn, Historian: : And at the end of his life -- in what to me is especially moving -- he turned to Hebrew.

历史学家伯纳德·贝林 (Bernard Bailyn)：：在他生命的最后阶段——对我来说特别感人的是——他转向了希伯来语。

He learned Hebrew.

他学会了希伯来语。

He thought he'd get closer to God in conversation with the sacred Script.

他认为通过与神圣文字的对话，他会更接近上帝。

Anything to deepen his understanding of what was happening.

任何可以加深他对正在发生的事情的理解的事情。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : Though I am growne aged, yet I have had a long- ing desire, to see with my own eyes, something of that most ancient language, and holy tongue, in which the Law, and oracles of God were writ; and in which God, and angels, spake to the holy patriarks, of old time; and what names were given to things, from the creation.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯饰）：虽然我已经年事已高，但我一直渴望亲眼目睹那最古老的语言和神圣的语言中的某些东西，其中写有法律和上帝的圣言；上帝和天使在其中对古代的神圣族长说话；以及从创造开始就给事物起的名字。

And though I cannot attaine to much herein, yet I am refreshed to have seen some glimpse here- of; (as Moses saw the Land of canan from afarr off) my aime and desire is, to see how the words, and phrases lye in the holy texte; and to discern some- what of the same for my owne content.

尽管我无法在此获得太多成果，但我很高兴看到这里的一些内容； （就像摩西从远处看到迦南之地一样）我的目标和愿望是，看看圣经中的单词和短语是如何存在的；并为我自己的内容辨别出一些相同的内容。

Narrator: : He died, on May 9th, 1657, having outlived all his contemporaries, and having served as governor for 31 of the 37 years he had lived in the new world, "lamented," his first biographer, Cotton Mather later said, "by all the colonies of New England, as a common blessing and father to them all."

旁白：他于 1657 年 5 月 9 日去世，比所有同时代人都长寿，并在新世界生活了 37 年中担任了 31 年总督，他的第一位传记作者科顿·马瑟 (Cotton Mather) 后来说，他“为新英格兰所有殖民地的共同祝福和父亲而感到遗憾”。

He was 67 years old.

他今年 67 岁。

His body was buried on the summit of Burial Hill, near the grave of his mentor, William Brewster -- and in sight of the sand hills of Cape Cod.

他的尸体被埋葬在埋葬山山顶，靠近他的导师威廉·布鲁斯特的坟墓，可以看到科德角的沙山。

In the years to come, the world his people had come to in search of a new Jerusalem would be transformed utterly -- with shocking rapidity -- and the Pilgrim experience itself all but carried under, and forgotten.

在未来的岁月里，他的人民为寻找新耶路撒冷而来到的世界将以惊人的速度彻底改变，而朝圣者的经历本身几乎被淹没和遗忘。

Within 15 years of his death, there were 70,000 English settlers in 110 towns along the New England coast, and fewer than 20,000 Native Americans left in half a dozen tribes, and only at most 1,000 Wampanoags.

在他去世后的 15 年里，新英格兰海岸 110 个城镇里有 70,000 名英国定居者，六个部落中只剩下不到 20,000 名美洲原住民，而万帕诺亚格人最多只有 1,000 人。

In 1675, Massasoit's own son, Metacom -- called Phillip by the settlers -- helped lead a desperate last-ditch effort to drive the English colonists from their territory before their world was obliterated completely.

1675 年，马萨索伊特的儿子梅塔科姆（被定居者称为菲利普）帮助领导了一场绝望的最后一搏，在英国殖民者的世界被彻底毁灭之前将他们赶出他们的领土。

Margaret Bruchac, Anthropologist: : In the aftermath of King Philip's War, a day of thanksgiving was declared to celebrate that King Philip was now dead, and his head was stuck on a pole in the middle of Plymouth.

人类学家玛格丽特·布鲁查克 (Margaret Bruchac)：菲利普国王战争结束后，人们宣布设立感恩节来庆祝菲利普国王现已去世，他的头被卡在普利茅斯中部的一根柱子上。

Which, I think, is why Native people instituted a day of mourning at Thanksgiving.

我认为这就是为什么原住民在感恩节设立哀悼日的原因。

Because had the Plymouth colonists not survived, later colonization might not have happened.

因为如果普利茅斯殖民者没有幸存下来，后来的殖民化可能就不会发生。

Without those coastal settlements that created a toehold and dug in.

没有那些建立立足点并扎根的沿海定居点。

And once they were there, it was impossible to extricate them.

一旦他们到了那里，就不可能将他们解救出来。

Narrator: : As time went on, the manuscript William Bradford had left to his sons and heirs on his deathbed, was carefully handed down in the family from one generation to the next until a century after his death it found its way into the library of the Old South Church in Boston.

旁白：随着时间的推移，威廉·布拉德福德临终前留给儿子和继承人的手稿，在家族中一代一代地小心翼翼地传承下去，直到他去世一个世纪后，它才被收入波士顿老南教堂的图书馆。

It was still there in 1767, when the last royal governor of the colony, Thomas Hutchinson, consulted it for a history he was writing, after which the Revolution came, and the manuscript vanished into thin air.

1767 年，该殖民地的最后一位皇家总督托马斯·哈钦森 (Thomas Hutchinson) 在撰写历史时，它还在那里，但革命爆发后，手稿就消失得无影无踪。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : And so Bradford's book was lost.

凯瑟琳·多尼根（Kathleen Donegan），文学评论家：：因此布拉德福德的书丢失了。

It was taken from there in 1777 by the British, during the Revolutionary War.

1777 年独立战争期间，英国人从那里夺走了它。

And people tried to recover it; people tried to find it; people tried to trace it.

人们试图恢复它；人们试图找到它；人们试图追踪它。

And nobody knew what had happened to their history -- their great gospel of the founding of the nation.

没有人知道他们的历史——他们建国的伟大福音——发生了什么事。

Narrator: : For 80 years following Independence, the missing Bradford text was lamented by scholars in the North, as the shadow of American history lengthened, and as a bitter sectional dispute between North and South intensified -- fought in part over whether the nation's deepest roots lay in slaveholding Virginia or Puritan New England.

旁白：独立后的 80 年里，随着美国历史的阴影拉长，南北之间激烈的局部争端愈演愈烈，布拉德福德文本的缺失一直为北方学者所哀叹——部分争论的焦点是这个国家最深的根源是奴隶制的弗吉尼亚还是清教徒的新英格兰。

Jill Lepore, Historian: : There's this tremendous battle in the 19th century between New England historians and Virginia historians about which is the first American settlement -- Jamestown or Plymouth.

吉尔·莱波雷 (Jill Lepore)，历史学家： 19 世纪，新英格兰历史学家和弗吉尼亚历史学家之间就美国第一个定居点——詹姆斯敦还是普利茅斯——展开了一场激烈的争论。

Narrator: : All hope of the book's recovery had been lost, when in 1855, a scholar browsing in a bookstore in Boston chanced upon a recently published English history of the Anglican Church in America, and his eye fell on an unmistakable quotation from the missing Bradford journal.

旁白： 1855 年，一位学者在波士顿一家书店浏览时，偶然发现了一本最近出版的美国圣公会的英文历史，他的目光落在了失踪的布拉德福德期刊上的一段明确无误的引述上，这本书恢复的希望已经破灭。

Excited inquiries revealed that the long lost manuscript had somehow found its way -- no one knew how -- into the library of the Bishop of London at Fulham Palace.

兴奋的调查显示，这份遗失已久的手稿以某种方式——没有人知道是如何——进入了位于富勒姆宫的伦敦主教图书馆。

The bishop refused to surrender the manuscript, but consented to have a hand-written copy made, and sent back to Boston where it was published in 1856 -- spawning a pre-war Pilgrim craze across the North on the eve of the bloodiest war in American history in the midst of which, as the death toll mounted, Abraham Lincoln established the last Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving in honor of the Pilgrim fathers, and by the end of which, the Pilgrim narrative had been officially anointed as the true founding moment of America.

主教拒绝交出手稿，但同意制作一份手写副本，并寄回波士顿，并于 1856 年出版——在美国历史上最血腥的战争前夕，在整个北方掀起了战前的朝圣者热潮，在这场战争中，随着死亡人数的增加，亚伯拉罕·林肯将 11 月的最后一个星期四定为全国感恩节，以纪念朝圣者的先辈，到了这场战争结束时，朝圣者的叙述已成为历史。被正式指定为美国真正的建国时刻。

Kathleen Donegan, Literary Critic: : And eventually they petitioned to bring the book back to America.

凯瑟琳·多尼根，文学评论家：：最终他们请求将这本书带回美国。

That petition was granted.

该请愿书获得批准。

And when the text itself returned, it was a scriptural event.

当文本本身返回时，这是一个圣经事件。

And it came back with such ceremony, and such gratitude, and such honor that the history was coming home again.

它带着这样的仪式、这样的感激和这样的荣誉回来了，历史再次回归。

So it was another kind of plantation.

所以这是另一种种植园。

It was re-implanting that first history back in its home, and nationalizing that story.

它正在将第一段历史重新植入家乡，并将这个故事国有化。

Narrator: : In the spring of 1897, the little manuscript bound in brittle vellum was finally brought home again for the first time in a 120 years, and installed with great fanfare in the State House of the Commonweath of Massachusetts in Boston in a ceremony attended by dozens of prominent politicians and dignitaries.

旁白：1897 年春天，这本用易碎牛皮纸装订的小手稿终于在 120 年来首次被带回家，并在波士顿马萨诸塞州州议会大厦举行盛大的安放仪式，数十位著名政治家和政要出席了仪式。

In a long and rousing keynote speech, Senator George Hoare extolled William Bradford's journal as a work unequaled in the annals of human history "since the Story of Bethlehem," and his final words, ringing through the State House, brought the packed assembly to its feet.

在一场漫长而激动人心的主题演讲中，参议员乔治·霍尔称赞威廉·布拉德福德的日记是“自伯利恒故事以来”人类历史史上无与伦比的作品，他的最后一句话响彻州议会大厦，使拥挤的集会全体起立。

"Massachusetts," he called out, "will preserve it until the time shall come that her children are unworthy of it; and that time shall come -- never!"

“马萨诸塞州，”他喊道，“将保留它，直到她的孩子不值得拥有它的那一天到来；那一天将会到来——永远不会！”

The Pilgrims story was complete.

朝圣者的故事已经完成。

The journey was over, and the Pilgrims themselves -- 250 years on -- had prevailed.

旅程结束了，250 年后，清教徒们自己取得了胜利。

Somewhere, William Bradford might have smiled.

在某个地方，威廉·布拉德福德可能会微笑。

William Bradford (Roger Rees): : But them a place did God provide In wilderness, and did them guide Unto the American shore, Where they made way for many more.

威廉·布拉德福德（罗杰·里斯）：但是上帝在荒野中为他们提供了一个地方，并引导他们到达美国海岸，在那里他们为更多的人让路。

They broke the ice -- themselves alone -- And so became a stepping-stone For all others, who in like case Were glad to find a resting-place

他们打破了坚冰——他们自己——因此成为了所有其他人的踏脚石，他们在类似的情况下很高兴找到一个休息的地方

In the early 1600s, a group of religious radicals left for the New World.

1600 年代初期，一群宗教激进分子前往新世界。

Watch the opening scene of The Pilgrims.

观看《朝圣者》的开场场景。

The longtime governor of Plymouth Colony, William Bradford, wrote Of Plymouth Plantation .

长期担任普利茅斯殖民地总督的威廉·布拉德福德 (William Bradford) 撰写了《普利茅斯种植园》一书。

The first Thanksgiving wasn't the same holiday we celebrate today.

第一个感恩节与我们今天庆祝的节日不同。

Mayflower passenger John Howland almost didn't make it to the New World.

五月花号乘客约翰·豪兰差点没能到达新大陆。

The challenges the Pilgrims faced still resonate centuries later as we remember the origins of America.

几个世纪后，当我们铭记美国的起源时，清教徒所面临的挑战仍然引起我们的共鸣。

Wampanoag historian Linda Coombs and Narragansett Knowledge Keeper Cassius Spears speak with filmmaker Yvonne Russo about the experiences of Native populations at the time of European settlers’ arrival in New England 400 years ago, and what is actually known about the first Thanksgiving.

万帕诺亚格历史学家琳达·库姆斯 (Linda Coombs) 和纳拉甘西特知识守护者卡修斯·斯皮尔斯 (Cassius Spears) 与电影制作人伊冯娜·罗素 (Yvonne Russo) 谈论 400 年前欧洲定居者抵达新英格兰时原住民的经历，以及人们对第一个感恩节的实际了解。