Nixon
Narrator: Richard Nixon was one of the most important American presidents of the second half of the 20th century -- and also the most controversial.
旁白：理查德·尼克松是 20 世纪下半叶最重要的美国总统之一，也是最具争议性的总统。
Interest in him seems only to increase with time.
人们对他的兴趣似乎只会随着时间的推移而增加。
Nixon books abound.
尼克松的书比比皆是。
He himself wrote ten and largely about himself.
他自己写了十篇，大部分都是关于他自己的。
He has been described and dissected by historians, political scientists, political biographers, psychobiographers, and by other politicians.
历史学家、政治学家、政治传记作家、心理传记作家和其他政治家都对他进行了描述和剖析。
There's been a Nixon opera and a Hollywood film, with Anthony Hopkins in the title role.
有一部尼克松歌剧和一部由安东尼·霍普金斯主演的好莱坞电影。
This program is the first full-scale documentary biography, a three hour film drawn from archival footage and interviews with the real people.
该节目是第一部完整的传记纪录片，一部根据档案镜头和对真实人物的采访改编的三小时电影。
This is the actual story of the president who rose to power as a strident anti-communist and who, once in office, reached out to the two great communist powers of the world, the Soviet Union and China.
这是这位总统的真实故事，他以强烈的反共主义者的身份上台，一上任就向世界上两个伟大的共产主义强国——苏联和中国——伸出了援手。
He was puzzling, contradictory, very difficult to know, heartily disliked, and acclaimed by the American people in two elections.
他令人费解、矛盾、很难认识、令人心生厌恶，但在两次选举中都受到美国人民的赞扬。
He was also the first and only president to resign from office.
他也是第一位也是唯一一位辞职的总统。
His tragic unmaking, of course was Watergate.
他的悲剧性毁灭当然是水门事件。
But why?
但为什么？
How could it have happened to someone so politically astute and by reputation, so keenly intelligent?
这种事怎么会发生在一个政治上如此精明、声望如此高、智力如此高的人身上呢？
Heraclitus, the Greek philosopher of the sixth century B.C., said, "A man's character is his fate."
公元前六世纪的希腊哲学家赫拉克利特说过：“一个人的性格就是他的命运”。
[Farewell Press Conference, August 9, 1974] Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States of America and Mrs. Nixon, Mr. and Mrs. David Eisenhower, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Cox.
[告别新闻发布会，1974 年 8 月 9 日] 女士们、先生们，美利坚合众国总统尼克松和夫人、大卫·艾森豪威尔先生和夫人、爱德华·考克斯先生和夫人。
On August 9, 1974, Richard Milhous Nixon became the first President in the history of the United States to resign from office.
1974年8月9日，理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松成为美国历史上第一位辞职的总统。
His staff gathered in the White House to bid him farewell, as millions of Americans watched on television, some in sorrow and disbelief, others glad to see him go.
他的工作人员聚集在白宫向他告别，数百万美国人在电视上观看，一些人感到悲伤和难以置信，另一些人则高兴地看到他离开。
Richard Nixon had accomplished great things as President and had been reelected overwhelmingly, but he was also widely distrusted, sometimes ridiculed, even despised.
理查德·尼克松作为总统取得了伟大的成就，并以压倒性优势再次当选，但他也受到广泛的不信任，有时被嘲笑，甚至被鄙视。
President RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON: [August 9, 1974] You are here to say goodbye to us and we don't have a good word for it in English.
理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松总统：[1974 年 8 月 9 日]你来这里是要向我们道别，但我们没有一个好的英语词来形容。
The best is au revoir .
最好的是再见。
We'll see you again.
我们会再次见到你。
JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: Richard Nixon was studiedly different to different people.
约翰·埃利希曼（JOHN EHRLICHMAN），尼克松竞选团队成员：理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）对于不同的人来说显然是不同的。
And I don't think there's any one person, including his wife probably, who could sit down and write the definitive explanation of Richard Nixon.
我认为没有任何人，可能包括他的妻子，能够坐下来为理查德·尼克松写下明确的解释。
We all saw him differently.
我们都以不同的方式看待他。
He was a tireless campaigner, a survivor of more than a quarter of a century of political battle, yet so self-conscious that he disliked shaking hands and found it hard to look anyone in the eye.
他是一位不知疲倦的活动家，是超过四分之一个世纪的政治斗争的幸存者，但他非常不自在，不喜欢握手，也很难直视任何人的眼睛。
Mr. NIXON: [campaigning for Congress] And I intend to continue to expose the people that have sold this country down the river until we have driven all the crooks and the Communists and those that defend them out of Washington, D.C.
尼克松先生：[为国会竞选]我打算继续揭露那些出卖这个国家的人，直到我们将所有骗子、共产党人和那些捍卫他们的人赶出华盛顿特区。
He rose to power as a crusader against Communism, only to make his most lasting mark building bridges to China and the Soviet Union.
他作为反对共产主义的斗士上台，却在为中国和苏联架起桥梁方面留下了最持久的印记。
He had millions of admirers all over the world, but trusted almost no one and in the end was left to face his enemies alone.
他在全世界拥有数以百万计的崇拜者，但几乎没有人相信他，最终只能独自面对他的敌人。
The advice he offered his staff in his last speech as President stirred the thick August air with admonitions that seemed to apply most aptly to Nixon himself.
他在担任总统的最后一次演讲中向他的工作人员提出的建议，用警告搅动了八月浓浓的空气，这似乎最适合尼克松本人。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [August 9, 1974] Always give your best.
尼克松：[1974 年 8 月 9 日]永远尽力而为。
Never get discouraged.
永远不要灰心。
Never be petty.
永远不要心胸狭隘。
Always remember others may hate you, but those who hate you don't win unless you hate them and then you destroy yourself.
永远记住，别人可能会恨你，但那些恨你的人不会赢，除非你恨他们，然后你毁了自己。
ELLIOTT RICHARDSON, Nixon Cabinet Member: It struck me from time to time that Nixon, as a character, would have been so easy to fix, in the sense of removing these rather petty flaws.
艾略特·理查森，尼克松内阁成员：我时不时地想到，尼克松作为一个角色，很容易修复，就消除这些相当小的缺陷而言。
And yet, I think it's also true that if you did this, you would probably have removed that very inner core of insecurity that led to his drive.
然而，我认为，如果你这样做，你可能会消除导致他动力的内心不安全感。
A secure Nixon almost surely, in my view, would never have been President of the United States at all.
在我看来，一个安全的尼克松几乎肯定永远不会成为美国总统。
Richard Nixon was born in the tiny Southern California desert town of Yorba Linda in 1913.
理查德·尼克松 1913 年出生于南加州沙漠小镇约巴林达。
He grew up among the people he would one day call "forgotten Americans," and "the silent majority," hard-working, church-going people, farmers, shop keepers, people with an inbred respect for authority and an unyielding belief in the American Dream.
他在一群被他称为“被遗忘的美国人”和“沉默的大多数”的人中长大，这些人是勤劳、上教堂的人、农民、店主、对权威具有天生的尊重和对美国梦坚定不移的信念的人。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [August 9, 1974] I remember my old man.
尼克松：[1974 年 8 月 9 日]我记得我的老人。
I think that they would have called him a sort of a little man, a common man.
我想他们会称他为一个小人物，一个普通人。
He didn't consider himself that way.
他不这么认为自己。
You know what he was?
你知道他是什么人吗？
He was a streetcar motorman first and then he was a farmer and then he had a lemon ranch and then he was a grocer.
他首先是一名有轨电车司机，然后是一名农民，然后他拥有一个柠檬农场，然后他是一名杂货商。
But he was a great man.
但他是一个伟大的人。
"Richard had his father's fire," his mother, Hannah Milhous Nixon once said, "and my tact." She seemed the opposite of the loud, aggressive husband her Quaker family always believed beneath her: soft-spoken, tightly controlled, never allowing anger to get the better of her.
“理查德继承了他父亲的热情，”他的母亲汉娜·米尔豪斯·尼克松曾经说过，“还有我的机智。”她似乎与贵格会家族一直认为的那个吵闹、咄咄逼人的丈夫截然相反：说话轻声细语，严格控制，从不让愤怒战胜她。
She insisted her second son be called "Richard," not "Dick," taught him to read before he entered school and made sure he said his prayers daily and went four times to Quaker meeting on Sundays.
她坚持要叫她的第二个儿子“理查德”，而不是“迪克”，在他入学前教他读书，并确保他每天祈祷，并在周日四次参加贵格会聚会。
I taught Richard Nixon in the second grade here in Yorba Linda.
我在约巴林达教理查德·尼克松二年级。
He sat in the back seat and always came to school with a white starched shirt with long sleeves.
他坐在后座上，总是穿着一件浆过的白色长袖衬衫来学校。
He was always a quiet, dignified little fellow and a very good student.
他一直是一个安静、有尊严的小家伙，也是一个非常好的学生。
He was clumsy, but dogged at games, shy but gifted at reciting poetry and full of his father's enthusiasm for politics.
他笨手笨脚，但对游戏很执着，腼腆但有吟诵诗歌的天赋，充满了父亲对政治的热情。
MERLE WEST, Cousin: Dick was politically inclined as a kid.
梅尔·韦斯特（MERLE WEST），表弟：迪克小时候就有政治倾向。
I remember walking to school and I think it was when Harding was running for President and old Dick was there on a stump, saying why everybody should vote for Harding.
我记得步行去学校，我想那是哈丁竞选总统的时候，老迪克站在树桩上，说为什么每个人都应该投票给哈丁。
The Nixons moved to nearby Whittier when Richard was nine.
理查德九岁时，尼克松一家搬到了附近的惠蒂尔。
Founded by Quakers in 1887, it was a sober, industrious community, no liquor stores, no bars, no dance halls.
它由贵格会于 1887 年创建，是一个朴素、勤奋的社区，没有酒类商店、没有酒吧、没有舞厅。
Frank Nixon bought a gas station along the highway and soon added a general store where the whole family worked, often 16 hours a day seven days a week.
弗兰克·尼克松 (Frank Nixon) 买下了高速公路沿线的一个加油站，并很快又增设了一家杂货店，全家人都在那里工作，通常每周 7 天、每天工作 16 小时。
Mr. NIXON: One thing my mother and dad always used to say when we were growing up -- I don't mean my mother because she was a little biased -- but my dad used to say when we were growing up, he said, "You know, you boys" -- speaking to me particularly -- "you boys have got to get out and scratch.
尼克松先生：在我们成长的过程中，我的父母经常说一件事——我不是指我的母亲，因为她有点偏见——但我的父亲在我们成长的过程中经常说，“你们知道，你们这些孩子”——特别是对我说——“你们这些孩子必须出去抓挠。
You're not going to get anywhere on your good looks."
光靠你的美貌是不会有任何成就的。”
When Richard was 12, his younger brother Arthur suddenly fell ill and died.
理查德12岁时，他的弟弟亚瑟突然患病去世。
And within eight years, Harold, the eldest brother and family favorite, would succumb to tuberculosis.
不到八年，哈罗德这位长兄和家人最宠爱的人就死于肺结核。
Hannah Nixon recalled, "It was Arthur's passing that first stirred within Richard a determination to help make up for our loss by making us very proud of him.
汉娜·尼克松回忆道：“亚瑟的去世首先激发了理查德的决心，让我们为他感到骄傲，从而帮助弥补我们的损失。
He may have felt a kind of guilt that Harold and Arthur were dead and he was alive," she remembered.
他可能对哈罗德和亚瑟死了而他还活着感到内疚，”她回忆道。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [August 9, 1974] My mother was a saint and I think of her, two boys dying of tuberculosis, nursing four others and seeing each of them die and when they died, it was like one of her own.
尼克松：[1974 年 8 月 9 日]我的母亲是一位圣人，我想起了她，两个男孩死于肺结核，照顾另外四个男孩，看着他们每个人死去，当他们死去时，就像她自己的一个孩子一样。
Yes, she will have no books written about her, but she was a saint.
是的，不会有关于她的书，但她是一位圣人。
"I would like to study law and enter politics for an occupation," Nixon wrote in the eighth grade, "so that I might be of some good to the people." Nixon worked hard for everything he got and his sober, industrious air sometimes put off his contemporaries.
“我想学习法律并进入政治领域，”尼克松在八年级时写道，“这样我就可以为人民做点好事。”尼克松为他所得到的一切而努力工作，他的冷静、勤奋的态度有时令他的同代人望而却步。
When he ran for class president at Whittier High, he lost to a candidate he later dismissed as "an athlete and personality boy." He would not lose another election for 30 years.
当他在惠蒂尔高中竞选班长时，他输给了一位后来被他斥为“运动员和个性男孩”的候选人。他在 30 年内不会再输掉选举。
Both Harvard and Yale invited Nixon to apply for scholarships, but his dream of a prestigious Eastern university was frustrated.
哈佛和耶鲁都邀请尼克松申请奖学金，但他的东方名校梦想落空。
It was 1930, the Great Depression and Harold was in the midst of his long struggle with tuberculosis.
那是 1930 年，经济大萧条时期，哈罗德正处于与肺结核的长期斗争中。
"We needed Richard at home," Hannah Nixon remembered.
“我们家里需要理查德，”汉娜·尼克松回忆道。
Nixon had to settle for Whittier College just down the road and later said he'd never felt disappointed.
尼克松不得不就读附近的惠蒂尔学院，后来说他从未感到失望。
He soon became a big man on the small campus.
很快他就成为了小校园里的大人物。
He was an ambitious student politician, an accomplished actor, a champion debater.
他是一位雄心勃勃的学生政治家、一位卓有成就的演员、一位辩论冠军。
The Whittier student body elected Nixon president in 1933.
1933 年，惠蒂尔学生团体选举尼克松为总统。
He was both admired and resented for what one student called, "an almost ruthless cocksureness." The exclusive Franklin Club denied Nixon membership.
他因一位学生所说的“近乎无情的自信”而受到钦佩和怨恨。富兰克林俱乐部拒绝尼克松的会员资格。
He helped organize a competing club, the Orthogonians or square-shooters, students who took pride in working their way through college.
他帮助组织了一个竞争性的俱乐部，即正交俱乐部（Orthogonians）或方形射手俱乐部（squareshooters），这些学生以自己的努力读完大学而自豪。
They wore no ties, served spaghetti and beans and attracted the college's best athletes.
他们不打领带，提供意大利面和豆子，吸引了学院最优秀的运动员。
Nixon later denied there was any class distinction between his shirt-sleeved Orthogonians and the tuxedo-ed Franklins, but throughout his life, he would emphasize the differences between his own modest beginnings and the wealthy, privileged backgrounds of his political opponents.
尼克松后来否认他的穿着衬衫的正交派和穿着燕尾服的富兰克林派之间存在任何阶级区别，但在他的一生中，他一直强调自己出身卑微和政治对手富有、特权背景之间的差异。
Duke Law School was Nixon's next training ground in persistence, success and frustration.
杜克法学院是尼克松的下一个坚持、成功和挫折的训练场。
His classmates called him "Gloomy Gus." He lived frugally, studied endlessly and never walked away from a classroom confrontation.
他的同学称他为“忧郁格斯”。他生活俭朴，孜孜不倦地学习，在课堂上发生冲突时从不回避。
LYMAN BROWNFIELD, Duke Classmate: We had a professor of torts, Douglas Maggs who was so intimidating that most people backed down.
莱曼·布朗菲尔德，杜克大学同学：我们有一位侵权法教授道格拉斯·马格斯，他非常令人生畏，以至于大多数人都退缩了。
The first person in our class that I remembered that stood up to him and kind of barked back was Nixon.
我记得我们班上第一个反抗他并咆哮的人是尼克松。
And he had the-- he'd stand there, kind of flat-footed and you could just see he was dug in.
他站在那里，有点措手不及，你可以看到他被困住了。
And he was just standing up to Maggs, kind of almost shaking in his shoes, but by gosh, he wasn't going to back down.
他只是站起来面对马格斯，鞋子几乎在颤抖，但天哪，他不会退缩。
Nixon graduated third in his class, hoping for a job with an East Coast law firm or the FBI, but his applications were rejected.
尼克松以班级第三名的成绩毕业，希望在东海岸律师事务所或联邦调查局找到一份工作，但他的申请被拒绝了。
He went back home to Whittier.
他回到了惠蒂尔的家。
Nixon's mother helped him get a job in a friend's law office, but small-town law bored him and he was still too young and inexperienced for state politics.
尼克松的母亲帮助他在朋友的律师事务所找到了一份工作，但小镇的法律让他感到无聊，而且他还太年轻，对州政治缺乏经验。
Then, while auditioning for a local play, he fell in love.
然后，在试镜当地戏剧时，他坠入爱河。
Pat Ryan was a truck farmer's red-haired daughter, ten months older than he and even more accustomed to hard work and hardship.
帕特·瑞安（Pat Ryan）是一名卡车农场主的红发女儿，比他大十个月，更习惯于辛勤工作和艰辛。
She had worked her way through college as a switchboard operator, salesgirl and movie extra before taking a teaching job at Whittier High.
在进入惠提尔高中任教之前，她曾担任过总机接线员、售货员和电影临时演员，完成了大学学业。
"Don't laugh," Nixon told her, even before their first date, "but someday I'm going to marry you." He pursued Pat for over two years, even driving her to Los Angeles on weekends when she had dates with other men, then waiting around to take her home again.
“别笑，”尼克松在他们第一次约会之前就告诉她，“但有一天我会嫁给你。”他追求帕特两年多了，甚至在周末她和其他男人约会时开车送她去洛杉矶，然后等着再次带她回家。
He married her in June of 1940, but his political ambitions would have to wait five more years.
他于 1940 年 6 月与她结婚，但他的政治野心还要再等五年。
The world was at war.
世界正处于战争之中。
Eight months after Pearl Harbor, Nixon joined the Navy and as a lieutenant commander, was sent to the Solomon Islands.
珍珠港事件八个月后，尼克松加入海军并作为中尉被派往所罗门群岛。
He was best remembered for his skill at scrounging food and liquor and supplies for the grateful men, who called him "Nick." And he learned to play poker, not just to fill the time, but to make some extra money.
他最为人所铭记的是他为心存感激的人们寻找食物、酒类和补给品的技巧，他们称他为“尼克”。他学会了打扑克，不仅仅是为了打发时间，也是为了赚点外快。
JAMES STEWART, Navy Officer, World War II: He said to me, "Do you think that there's any sure way to win?" And I said, "Well, if you don't think you have the best hand going in, get out.
詹姆斯·斯图尔特，第二次世界大战海军军官：他对我说，“你认为有什么确定的方法可以获胜吗？”我说：“好吧，如果你认为自己没有最好的牌，那就退出吧。
Drop.
掉落。
Don't ante up." I said, "The trouble with that is that you'll probably drop three or four hands out of five and it's very boring and I haven't got the patience to do it." Well, to our intense surprise, he did exactly that.
别赌注。”我说：“这样做的问题是，你可能会在五手牌中丢掉三四手，这很无聊，我没有耐心去做。”嗯，令我们非常惊讶的是，他确实这么做了。
And he won quite more frequently than he lost and he sent home to California a fair amount of money, I have no idea exactly how much, but my estimate was between $6,000 and $7,000.
他赢的次数比输的次数多得多，而且他向加利福尼亚州的家寄了相当多的钱，我不知道具体多少钱，但我估计在 6,000 美元到 7,000 美元之间。
It was his poker winnings that helped finance Nixon's first political campaign.
正是他的扑克奖金为尼克松的第一次政治竞选提供了资金。
At war's end, he was approached by a group of Republican bankers and businessmen from Whittier who sought a candidate to unseat the five-term Democratic congressman, Jerry Voorhis.
战争结束时，一群来自惠蒂尔的共和党银行家和商人找到了他，寻找一位候选人来取代五届民主党国会议员杰里·沃里斯(Jerry Voorhis)。
Voorhis, a Yale graduate from a wealthy family, was anathema to Whittier Republicans.
沃里斯是一位来自富裕家庭的耶鲁大学毕业生，他是惠蒂尔共和党人的厌恶对象。
He supported labor, opposed big oil and big banking and championed the social welfare programs of the New Deal.
他支持劳工，反对大石油和大银行，并支持新政的社会福利计划。
Lieutenant Commander Nixon jumped at the opportunity to run against him.
尼克松中校抓住这个机会与他竞选。
Leading Republicans around Whittier were confident they finally had found the man to defeat Jerry Voorhis.
惠蒂尔周围的主要共和党人相信他们终于找到了击败杰里·沃里斯的人。
"Nixon comes from good Quaker stock," a local banker wrote, "He is a very aggressive individual." Another partisan said, "This man is saleable merchandise." In his first campaign, Nixon developed an approach that remained remarkably consistent through nearly three decades.
“尼克松出身于贵格会，”一位当地银行家写道，“他是一个非常积极进取的人。”另一位游击队员说：“这个人是畅销商品。”在他的第一次竞选中，尼克松制定了一种在近三十年中始终保持一致的方法。
The candidate presented himself as a family man from a long tradition of work and service, a firm believer in individual initiative, a champion of the forgotten man.
这位候选人将自己描述为一个有着悠久的工作和服务传统的顾家男人、个人主动性的坚定信仰者、被遗忘者的拥护者。
And at the same time, he proved to be a fierce, no-holds-barred combatant, accusing Voorhis of ties to Communist organizations distorting Voorhis' record in Congress.
与此同时，他被证明是一位凶猛、无拘无束的斗士，指责沃里斯与共产主义组织有联系，歪曲了沃里斯在国会的记录。
[1971 Interview] Just before the election, a good many people came and told me, "Do you know about the telephone calls that were being made?" and I said no, I didn't.
【1971年采访】就在选举之前，很多人来告诉我，“你知道正在打的电话吗？”我说不，我没有。
"Well," they said, "I was called on the phone by an unidentified person, who simply said that, "Do you know that Jerry Voorhis is a Communist?" and "You should vote for Mr. Nixon because of this fact."
“好吧，”他们说，“一个身份不明的人给我打电话，他只是说，“你知道杰里·沃里斯是共产党员吗？”以及“因为这个事实，你应该投票给尼克松先生。”
The character of Nixon's campaign surprised many of his friends.
尼克松竞选活动的特点令他的许多朋友感到惊讶。
"Of course, I knew Jerry Voorhis wasn't a Communist," he later told a Voorhis aide, "but I had to win.
“当然，我知道杰里·沃里斯不是共产党员，”他后来告诉沃里斯的一名助手，“但我必须赢。
That's the thing you don't understand.
这就是你不明白的事情。
The important thing is to win."
重要的是获胜。”
Mr. VOORHIS: All the stops were pulled and Mr. Nixon beat me.
沃里斯先生：我全力以赴，尼克松先生击败了我。
He was a good debater, he was a clever debater.
他是一位出色的辩手，他是一位聪明的辩手。
I wouldn't deny that at all, but I still feel that there were a good many below-the-belt blows struck in the campaign.
我一点也不否认这一点，但我仍然觉得竞选活动中存在很多地下打击。
Nixon was swept into office with 60 percent of the vote, part of a nationwide Republican surge.
尼克松以 60% 的选票当选，成为全国范围内共和党浪潮的一部分。
His boyhood goal to enter politics had been achieved.
他儿时从政的目标已经实现。
1st NEWSCASTER: Capitol Hill in Washington is again the nation's focal point as the 80th Congress convenes during one of the most crucial periods in the nation's history.
第一新闻播音员：第 80 届国会在美国历史上最关键的时期之一召开，华盛顿国会山再次成为国家的焦点。
The Republican-controlled Congress takes the helm in the House.
共和党控制的国会掌管众议院。
As the Nixons posed beneath the cherry blossoms with baby Tricia, it was a heady time for a young Republican.
当尼克松夫妇和婴儿特里西娅在樱花下合影时，对于一位年轻的共和党人来说，这是一段令人兴奋的时刻。
The GOP controlled both houses of Congress for the first time in 20 years and the fervent anti Communism that had helped Nixon win the election was well-suited to the times.
共和党20年来首次控制了国会参众两院，而帮助尼克松赢得选举的狂热反共主义也非常适合时代。
2nd NEWSCASTER: Soviet Russia was expansively stabbing Westward, knifing into nations left empty by war.
第二位新闻播音员：苏联正在大举西进，刀割那些因战争而空虚的国家。
Already, an iron curtain had dropped around Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria.
波兰、匈牙利、南斯拉夫、保加利亚的铁幕已经落下。
[testifying before HUAC] I am not now a communist--
[在 HUAC 面前作证] 我现在不是共产主义者——
And in the United States, the House Committee on Un-American Activities searched for Soviet sympathizers.
在美国，众议院非美活动委员会也在寻找苏联同情者。
Congressman Nixon soon became the junior member of that controversial, headline-making body.
国会议员尼克松很快就成为这个备受争议、成为头条新闻的机构的初级成员。
And on August 3, 1948, shortly after the birth of Nixon's second daughter, Julie, an unlikely drama began that would make the issue of Communist subversion front-page news and make Congressman Nixon a national figure almost overnight.
1948 年 8 月 3 日，尼克松的第二个女儿朱莉出生后不久，一场不太可能发生的戏剧性事件开始了，它使共产主义颠覆问题成为新闻头条，并使国会议员尼克松几乎一夜之间成为全国人物。
A strange, self-confessed ex-Communist and editor of Time Magazine, named Whittaker Chambers, appeared before the committee to make a sensational charge.
一位名叫惠特克·钱伯斯 (Whittaker Chambers) 的奇怪人士出现在委员会面前，提出了一项耸人听闻的指控，他自认是前共产党员，也是《时代》杂志的编辑。
Alger Hiss, protege of Oliver Wendell Holmes, aide to Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta and one of the organizers of the United Nations was, said Chambers, a Communist intent upon infiltrating the highest offices of government.
钱伯斯说，奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯的门生、富兰克林·罗斯福在雅尔塔的助手、联合国的组织者之一阿尔杰·希斯是一名共产党员，意图渗透到政府最高职位。
[testifying] Mr. Hiss represents the concealed enemy against which we are all fighting and I am fighting.
[作证]希斯先生代表了我们所有人都在与之战斗、我也在与之战斗的隐藏敌人。
[testifying] My contacts with any foreign representative who could possibly have been a Communist have been strictly official.
[作证]我与任何可能是共产党员的外国代表的接触都是严格官方的。
Most observers found Hiss persuasive, but Nixon had learned through Father John Cronin, a Catholic priest with FBI connections, that Hiss had been under suspicion for years.
大多数观察家认为希斯很有说服力，但尼克松通过与联邦调查局有联系的天主教牧师约翰·克罗宁神父了解到，希斯多年来一直受到怀疑。
Nixon insisted the hearings continue.
尼克松坚持听证会继续进行。
3rd NEWSCASTER: "Who's the liar?" might well be the title of the drama which unfolds before a packed caucus room where the House Un-American Affairs Committee members swear in Alger Hiss.
第三位新闻播音员：“谁是骗子？”这很可能是这部戏剧的标题，该剧在拥挤的核心会议室前展开，众议院非美事务委员会成员用阿尔杰·希斯语宣誓。
The hearings were high drama.
听证会充满戏剧性。
Rumors spread that Chambers was a psychopath.
有传言说钱伯斯是个精神病患者。
Hiss claimed never to have known him.
希斯声称从未认识他。
President Truman denounced the proceedings as politically motivated and ordered government agencies to refuse to cooperate.
杜鲁门总统谴责这一程序是出于政治动机，并命令政府机构拒绝合作。
Nixon charged that the Democrats were mounting a cover-up.
尼克松指责民主党正在掩盖事实。
The freshman congressman from Whittier had put himself in the center of it all.
这位来自惠蒂尔的新国会议员将自己置于这一切的中心。
RALPH de TOLEDANO, Early Nixon Biographer: Nixon realized that once he had committed himself, that if everything collapsed, if Hiss was exonerated or if the charges were not proved to the hilt, he would be badly hurt.
拉尔夫·德·托莱达诺，尼克松早期传记作者：尼克松意识到，一旦他做出了承诺，如果一切崩溃，如果希斯被证明无罪，或者如果指控没有得到彻底证实，他将受到严重伤害。
Now, I don't think he would have been permanently hurt, but certainly, I think if that had happened, Richard Nixon would never have become a senator and never would have become President of the United States.
现在，我不认为他会受到永久伤害，但当然，我认为如果发生这种情况，理查德·尼克松将永远不会成为参议员，也永远不会成为美国总统。
"He immersed himself in the case with an absorption that was almost frightening," Pat Nixon remembered.
“他全神贯注地沉浸在箱子里，几乎令人恐惧，”帕特·尼克松回忆道。
When others were ready to drop the case, Nixon and chief investigator Robert Stripling talked them out of it.
当其他人准备放弃此案时，尼克松和首席调查员罗伯特·斯特里普林劝说他们放弃了这个案子。
They were sure Hiss was lying when he claimed not even to have known Chambers and they set out to prove it.
当希斯声称自己根本不认识钱伯斯时，他们确信他在撒谎，并开始证明这一点。
ROBERT STRIPLING, Chief Investigator, House Committee on Un-American Activities: We went up and got Mr. Chambers, put him in the grand jury room, we put him under oath and we said, in effect, "You claim you know Mr. Hiss?
罗伯特·斯特里普林，众议院非美活动委员会首席调查员：我们去找了钱伯斯先生，把他放在大陪审团房间里，我们让他宣誓，我们实际上是说，“你声称你认识希斯先生？
Tell us all about him.
告诉我们关于他的一切。
What did he call his wife?
他怎么称呼他的妻子？
What did she call him?
她叫他什么？
Did they have a dog?
他们有狗吗？
Dc they have a veterinarian?
他们有兽医吗？
Did they have a doctor?
他们有医生吗？
Did they have a cook?
他们有厨师吗？
Give us the housekeeping details, beginning at the front door." And he'd rattle on for two hours.
从前门开始，向我们提供家政细节。”然后他就滔滔不绝地讲了两个小时。
It was very obvious that he, indeed, did know Mr. Hiss and quite well.
很明显，他确实认识希斯先生，而且非常了解。
Mr. RALPH de TOLEDANO, Early Nixon Biographer: There was also another factor and which I think is very important and that was a kind of personal animus .
尼克松早期传记作者拉尔夫·德·托莱达诺先生：还有另一个因素，我认为这非常重要，那就是一种个人敌意。
Hiss was arrogant on the stand and he rubbed Nixon the wrong way and he snapped at Nixon a couple of times and so on.
希斯在证人席上很傲慢，他用错误的方式摩擦尼克松，还对尼克松厉声斥责了几次等等。
And it became, I think, also a personal thing for Nixon.
我认为，这也成为尼克松个人的事情。
He saw that it could be a big issue and his whole temperament made him want to pursue it.
他看到这可能是一个大问题，他的整个气质让他想要追求它。
Mr. CHAMBERS: [testifying] I believe that I was first introduced to Mr. Hiss by Harold Ware and J.
钱伯斯先生：[作证]我相信我是由 Harold Ware 和 J. 第一次介绍给希斯先生的。
Peters.
彼得斯.
Chambers, now fighting a libel suit, leveled a still more sensational charge, one he had not yet shared with the committee.
钱伯斯现在正在与诽谤诉讼作斗争，他提出了一项更为耸人听闻的指控，但他尚未向委员会透露这一指控。
He claimed that Hiss had actually been a spy before the war, copying secret State Department documents which Chambers himself had passed on to a Soviet contact.
他声称希斯在战前实际上是一名间谍，复制了钱伯斯本人将国务院秘密文件转交给了苏联联系人。
Nixon was furious that Chambers had been holding out on him.
尼克松对钱伯斯对他的拖延感到愤怒。
He ordered any evidence Chambers might have subpoenaed, then left with his wife on a long-delayed Caribbean vacation.
他下令提供钱伯斯可能传唤的所有证据，然后与妻子一起去加勒比海度假，这是一个拖延已久的假期。
4th NEWSCASTER: In the latest sensational turn of the Red espionage probe, the Maryland farm of the magazine editor becomes the focus of attention.
第四位新闻播音员：在红色间谍调查的最新轰动事件中，杂志编辑的马里兰州农场成为关注的焦点。
From a hollowed-out pumpkin, Chambers produced apparent proof of espionage: microfilm of stolen documents.
钱伯斯从一个挖空的南瓜中拿出了间谍活动的明显证据：被盗文件的缩微胶卷。
Nixon made the nation's front pages when he was plucked from mid-ocean and flown back to Washington for a press conference.
当尼克松从大洋中央被救起并飞回华盛顿参加新闻发布会时，他登上了美国的头版头条。
Representative NIXON: I am holding in my hand a microfilm of very highly confidential, secret State Department documents.
尼克松众议员：我手里拿着一张缩微胶卷，里面有国务院高度机密的秘密文件。
These documents....
这些文件....
The microfilm, thereafter known as "The Pumpkin Papers," provided the evidence and the publicity Nixon needed.
这部后来被称为“南瓜文件”的微电影提供了尼克松所需的证据和宣传。
Finally, after two controversial trials, Hiss was found guilty of perjury and imprisoned.
最终，经过两次有争议的审判，希斯被判犯有伪证罪并入狱。
The Hiss case polarized American opinion about Richard Nixon.
希斯案使美国人对理查德·尼克松的看法两极分化。
To conservatives, he had fearlessly rooted out a dangerous subversive, but in the eyes of many liberals, Nixon had destroyed an honorable man and set the stage for more unscrupulous Communist hunters.
对保守派来说，他无畏地铲除了危险的颠覆分子，但在许多自由派眼中，尼克松摧毁了一个可敬的人，并为更多肆无忌惮的共产主义猎手奠定了基础。
But there was no doubt that, at the age of 35, the congressman from Whittier had become a national figure.
但毫无疑问，这位来自惠蒂尔的国会议员在 35 岁时已成为全国知名人物。
1950.
1950年。
The Russians had exploded an atomic bomb of their own.
俄罗斯人爆炸了自己的原子弹。
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were charged with giving the Soviets atomic secrets.
朱利叶斯·罗森伯格和埃塞尔·罗森伯格被指控向苏联泄露原子机密。
Communists took control of mainland China.
共产党控制了中国大陆。
In Korea, Communist troops poured across the 38th parallel and American soldiers were sent to stop them.
在朝鲜，共产党军队涌入北纬38度线，美国士兵被派去阻止他们。
Senator Joseph McCarthy charged that Communists in government were responsible for it all.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡指责政府中的共产党人应对这一切负责。
Senator JOSEPH McCARTHY: And call the roll.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：点名。
And call the roll of the traitors who plunder.
并点名掠夺的叛徒。
And Congressman Nixon had his sights on the Senate.
国会议员尼克松把目光投向了参议院。
His opponent was three-term Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas.
他的对手是三届国会女议员海伦·加哈根·道格拉斯(Helen Gahagan Douglas)。
Like Herry Voorhis, she was wealthy, well-educated and an outspoken New Dealer.
和亨利·沃里斯一样，她富有、受过良好教育并且是一位直言不讳的新政支持者。
She condemned the fear of internal Communism as "irrational" and opposed the very existence of the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
她谴责对国内共产主义的恐惧是“非理性的”，并反对众议院非美活动委员会的存在。
Politicians in both parties called the former actress "a bleeding-heart liberal, a do-gooder, a Hollywood parlor pink." Congressman John F.
两党政客都称这位前女演员为“热心的自由主义者、行善者、好莱坞粉红女郎”。国会议员约翰·F.
Kennedy quietly gave Nixon $1,000 to help defeat her, saying, "It won't break my heart if you can turn the Senate's loss into Hollywood's gain."
肯尼迪悄悄地给了尼克松 1000 美元，以帮助他击败她，并说：“如果你能把参议院的损失变成好莱坞的收益，我不会心碎。”
Mrs. Douglas was a perfect target for what Nixon called his "rocking, socking style" of campaigning.
道格拉斯夫人是尼克松所谓的“摇滚风格”竞选活动的完美目标。
Implying the congresswoman was pro-Communist, he distributed a flyer on pink paper, showing Mrs. Douglas had voted with the controversial left-wing Congressman Vito Marcantonio 354 times.
他分发了一张粉色纸质传单，暗示这位女议员是亲共产党的，传单上显示道格拉斯夫人曾与备受争议的左翼议员维托·马坎托尼奥 (Vito Marcantonio) 一起投票 354 次。
The fact that most Democrats and a good many Republicans had voted the same way was ignored.
大多数民主党人和许多共和党人以同样的方式投票这一事实被忽视了。
Nixon charged that his opponent was "pink right down to her underwear." Mrs. Douglas fought back hard, calling Nixon "a peewee who is trying to scare people into voting for him," and she gave him the nickname he would never entirely shake, "tricky Dick."
尼克松指责他的对手“连内衣都是粉红色的”。道格拉斯夫人强烈反击，称尼克松是“一个试图吓唬人们投票给他的小混蛋”，并给了他一个他永远不会完全摆脱的绰号“狡猾的迪克”。
[1979 Interview] When Richard Nixon ran for the House of Representatives and unseated Jerry Voorhis, it was the same kind of campaign as he waged against me in 1950, but the essence of that kind of campaign is this: to avoid the issues, you work up bogus issues, trying to play on the fears of people because if you talk about the real issues, you may lose votes.
[1979 年采访] 当理查德·尼克松竞选众议院议员并推翻杰里·沃里斯时，这与他在 1950 年针对我发起的竞选活动是同一类型的，但这种竞选活动的本质是这样的：为了避免这些问题，你提出虚假的问题，试图利用人们的恐惧，因为如果你谈论真正的问题，你可能会失去选票。
It's as simple as that.
就这么简单。
Other candidates employed scare tactics that year, but few were more blatant than Richard Nixon's.
那一年，其他候选人也采取了恐吓策略，但很少有人比理查德·尼克松的更明目张胆。
"People react to fear," he once told an aide, "not love.
他曾对助手说：“人们对恐惧做出反应，而不是爱。
They don't teach that in Sunday School, but it's true." Nixon defeated Mrs. Douglas by almost 700,000 votes, the largest plurality won by any Senatorial candidate in the country.
他们在主日学里不教这个，但这是事实。”尼克松以近 70 万票击败了道格拉斯夫人，这是美国所有参议员候选人中赢得的最多票数。
Senator NIXON: [1950] A lot of people probably wonder how it is possible for a candidate to be elected to any office in California when he is a member of the Republican Party.
尼克松参议员：[1950] 很多人可能想知道，作为共和党党员的候选人怎么可能当选加利福尼亚州的任何职位。
I have just had that experience and I should like to point out the reason for our election victory.
我刚刚有过这样的经历，我想指出我们选举胜利的原因。
It's because in this particular election, the issues, rather than the partisan labels of the candidates, were what governed the electorate.
这是因为在这次特殊的选举中，统治选民的是问题，而不是候选人的党派标签。
ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: Richard Nixon does not simply defeat Jerry Voorhis for the Congress or defeat Helen Gahagan Douglas for the Senate in 1950, he destroys these people politically and very nearly personally.
罗杰·莫里斯 (ROGER MORRIS)，尼克松传记作者：理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 不仅仅在 1950 年击败了国会议员杰里·沃里斯 (Jerry Voorhis) 或击败了参议员海伦·加哈根·道格拉斯 (Helen Gahagan Douglas)，他在政治上和个人方面都摧毁了这些人。
And he does that in such a way as to leave a great legacy of bitterness among their supporters and even among onlookers, people who were sort of neutral observers on the side.
他这样做的方式给他们的支持者甚至旁观者——那些站在一边的中立观察者——留下了巨大的痛苦遗产。
5th NEWSCASTER: Chicago is a city divided, as thousands of delegates and observers stream into the city for the 25th Republican Convention.
第五位新闻播音员：芝加哥是一座分裂的城市，数千名代表和观察员涌入这座城市参加第 25 届共和党大会。
Partisanship runs high and the trappings of the Grand Old Party dominate the scene before the serious business gets under way.
在严肃的事情开始之前，党派之争高涨，大老党的标志占据了主导地位。
After only a year and a half in the Senate, Nixon was a leading candidate for the vice presidential nomination.
在参议院任职仅一年半后，尼克松就成为副总统提名的主要候选人。
5th NEWSCASTER: And here comes "Mr. Republican" himself, Senator Robert Taft.
第五新闻播音员：“共和党先生”本人，参议员罗伯特·塔夫脱来了。
Taft partisans, mostly conservative and isolationist, applauded Nixon's fervent anti-Communism, while General Eisenhower's more liberal, internationalist backers were attracted to Nixon's support of the Marshall Plan, his commitment to rebuilding post-war Europe.
塔夫脱的支持者大多是保守派和孤立主义者，他们对尼克松强烈的反共主义表示赞赏，而艾森豪威尔将军的自由派、国际主义支持者则被尼克松对马歇尔计划的支持以及他对重建战后欧洲的承诺所吸引。
The California delegation was pledged to its favorite son, Governor Earl Warren, but behind the scenes, Nixon lobbied hard for the nomination of Eisenhower.
加州代表团承诺支持其最喜欢的儿子、州长厄尔·沃伦，但尼克松在幕后努力游说艾森豪威尔获得提名。
Mr. RALPH de TOLEDANO, Early Nixon Biographer: He was a man with no set ideology, no set -- real deep-down principles.
拉尔夫·德·托莱达诺先生，早期尼克松传记作家：他是一个没有既定意识形态、没有既定真正的深层原则的人。
He wasn't a Taft Republican, he wasn't an Eisenhower Republican, he was a Nixon Republican.
他不是塔夫脱共和党人，也不是艾森豪威尔共和党人，他是尼克松共和党人。
6th NEWSCASTER: With New York's big block of votes, the issue is no longer in doubt and a wildly-cheering convention hails its nominee, Dwight D.
第六位新闻播音员：凭借纽约的大量选票，这个问题不再是悬而未决的，一场欢呼雀跃的大会迎来了其提名人德怀特·D·布什 (Dwight D.
Eisenhower, soldier and statesman.
艾森豪威尔，军人和政治家。
Away from the convention floor, Eisenhower huddled with Nixon.
在远离会议厅的地方，艾森豪威尔与尼克松挤在一起。
The young senator represented the growing power of the West Coast and he was a rough-and-tumble campaigner.
这位年轻的参议员代表了西海岸日益增长的力量，他是一位混乱的竞选者。
The general offered him the vice presidency.
将军任命他为副总统。
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: [1952 Republican Convention] And as we contribute to the Republican cause, what we will do is to forge a great victory for the Republican Party next November, but a victory which will be a victory not only for the Republican Party, but what is more important, it will be a victory for America and for the cause of free peoples throughout the world.
尼克松：[1952年共和党大会]当我们为共和党的事业做出贡献时，我们要做的就是为共和党在明年11月取得伟大的胜利，但这场胜利不仅是共和党的胜利，更重要的是，这将是美国和全世界自由人民事业的胜利。
Eisenhower intended to keep to the high road, he told his new running mate.
艾森豪威尔告诉他的新竞选搭档，他打算坚持走正道。
It was up to Nixon to flail the Democrats and their presidential candidate, Adlai Stevenson.
尼克松有责任痛击民主党及其总统候选人阿德莱·史蒂文森。
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: [campaigning] There is no question in my mind as to the loyalty of Mr. Stevenson, but the question is one as to his judgment.
尼克松：[竞选]我认为史蒂文森先生的忠诚度是毫无疑问的，但问题在于他的判断力。
Many good Americans are concerned by the way that President Truman and Governor Stevenson have both attempted to ridicule and pooh-pooh the Communist threat within the United States.
许多善良的美国人对杜鲁门总统和史蒂文森州长都试图嘲笑和嘲笑美国境内的共产主义威胁感到担忧。
You read about another bribe, you read about another tax-fix, you read about another gangster getting favors from the government.
你读到了另一起贿赂事件，你读到了另一起税收修复案，你读到了另一名黑帮得到政府恩惠的消息。
The people are sick and tired of it.
人们对此感到厌倦。
They're outraged and they want something done about it and they're tired of an Administration which, instead of cleaning up, is covering up the scandals in Washington at the present time.
他们感到愤怒，希望对此采取行动，他们厌倦了政府，政府目前不但没有清理干净，反而掩盖了华盛顿的丑闻。
Suddenly, Nixon faced a scandal of his own.
突然，尼克松面临着自己的丑闻。
The New York Post reported that wealthy supporters had set up a secret fund for Nixon's personal use.
《纽约邮报》报道称，富有的支持者设立了一个秘密基金供尼克松个人使用。
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: And if that were true, let me say, first of all, that I should never have accepted the nomination to the vice presidency of the United States and if it were true, I would get off the ticket right away, but it is not true.
尼克松：如果这是真的，首先让我说，我永远不应该接受美国副总统的提名，如果这是真的，我会立即退出竞选，但事实并非如此。
In fact, the fund was not secret and was earmarked exclusively for political expenses, but the damage had been done.
事实上，该基金并非秘密，专门用于政治开支，但损害已经造成。
Aides urged Eisenhower to drop Nixon from the ticket.
助手们敦促艾森豪威尔将尼克松从候选人名单中剔除。
Even Republican newspapers demanded he resign.
甚至共和党报纸也要求他辞职。
HANNAH NIXON, Mother: When those headlines first came in the paper, I just wanted to hide that paper.
汉娜·尼克松，母亲：当这些头条新闻第一次出现在报纸上时，我只是想隐藏那篇报纸。
I didn't want anyone to see it.
我不想让任何人看到它。
I couldn't eat and I knew that it wasn't true, but what could I do?
我吃不下东西，我知道这不是真的，但我能做什么呢？
PATRICK HILLINGS, Campaign Staff: Well, when the world seemed the blackest and the whole Nixon campaign had halted in Portland, Oregon, I got a telegram from his mother.
帕特里克·希林斯，竞选团队成员：嗯，当世界看起来最黑暗、尼克松的整个竞选活动在俄勒冈州波特兰停止时，我收到了他母亲的一封电报。
I took it into him and gave it to him and he was sitting in a large chair with his arms on the side, almost like the Lincoln statue that you see in Washington, the Lincoln Memorial.
我把它放进他体内并交给他，他坐在一张大椅子上，双臂放在一边，几乎就像你在华盛顿林肯纪念堂看到的林肯雕像一样。
And I handed him the telegram and he read it and he dropped it on his-- in the chair and his head fell forward and the tears came down his eyes.
我把电报递给他，他读完后，把电报扔到自己的椅子上，他的头向前倾，泪水从眼眶里流下来。
And it was obvious that he'd been terribly moved by what all this meant, that it was so important to him to prove to his mother that he'd never done anything wrong.
很明显，他对这一切意味着什么感到非常感动，向他的母亲证明他从未做错任何事对他来说是如此重要。
Was Nixon on or off the ticket?
尼克松是在场还是不在场？
General Eisenhower had been frustratingly silent.
艾森豪威尔将军一直保持沉默，令人沮丧。
Finally, after three days of waiting, a weary, anxious Nixon received Eisenhower's phone call.
经过三天的等待，疲惫而焦急的尼克松终于接到了艾森豪威尔的电话。
TED ROGERS, Nixon Television Adviser: And he said, "General," he said, "I'm just Richard Nixon." And he said, "I'm just a very young guy that doesn't know you very well.
尼克松电视顾问泰德·罗杰斯：他说，“将军，”他说，“我只是理查德·尼克松。”他说：“我只是一个非常年轻的人，不太了解你。
But," he said, "I must tell you, General, that there comes a time, even in your life, when you have to shit or get off the pot."
但是，”他说，“我必须告诉你，将军，即使在你的一生中，也会有这样的时刻，你必须拉屎或摆脱困境。”
Mr. PATRICK HILLINGS, Campaign Staff: And there was this dead silence and we didn't know whether the ballgame was over right then or not, but Eisenhower seemed to take it as it was meant to be given and came to the conclusion, as he told Nixon on the phone -- he reported to us after the conversation -- that Nixon should go to California and make a nation-wide speech explaining all the details of this so-called "secret fund" and that he would authorize the National Committee to pay for the cost.
帕特里克·希林斯先生，竞选人员：当时一片死寂，我们不知道球赛当时是否已经结束，但艾森豪威尔似乎认为这是理所应当的，并得出结论，正如他在电话中告诉尼克松的那样——他在谈话后向我们报告了——尼克松应该前往加利福尼亚州并发表全国范围的演讲，解释这个所谓的“秘密基金”的所有细节，并且他将授权国家委员会支付这笔费用。为了成本。
Nixon secluded himself in Los Angeles and prepared to use the young medium of television as it had never been used before.
尼克松将自己隐居在洛杉矶，并准备使用电视这一年轻媒体，因为它以前从未被使用过。
He would bypass the press, bypass even Eisenhower and plead his case directly to the American people.
他会绕过媒体，甚至绕过艾森豪威尔，直接向美国人民辩护。
This primetime broadcast would come to be known as the "Checkers" speech and widen the gap between Nixon's admirers and his detractors.
这段黄金时段的广播后来被称为“跳棋”演讲，扩大了尼克松的崇拜者和批评者之间的差距。
To some, he seemed humble, honest, sincere; to others, self-righteous and shamelessly manipulative.
对一些人来说，他显得谦逊、诚实、真诚；对别人来说，自以为是，无耻地操纵他人。
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: ["Checkers" speech] My fellow Americans, I come before you tonight as a candidate for the vice presidency and as a man whose honesty and integrity has been questioned.
尼克松：[“跳棋”演讲]我的美国同胞们，今晚我作为副总统候选人来到你们面前，作为一个诚实和正直受到质疑的人。
And so now, what I am going to do and incidentally, this is unprecedented in the history of American politics -- I am going at this time to give to this television and radio audience a complete financial history, everything I've earned, everything I've spent, everything I owe.
所以现在，我要做的，顺便说一下，这在美国政治史上是前所未有的——我现在要向电视和广播听众提供完整的财务历史，包括我赚到的一切、我花掉的一切、我欠的一切。
KENNETH BALL, Whittier Neighbor: I don't remember talking to his mother, but his father, he thought that he really did all right.
肯尼思·鲍尔（惠蒂尔邻居）：我不记得和他的母亲谈过，但他的父亲认为他真的做得很好。
He said, "I hated to hear him say some of the things he said, but he told the truth and that's what the people wanted to hear and that did the job for him."
他说：“我讨厌听他说一些话，但他说的是实话，这就是人们想听到的，这对他来说很有效。”
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: ["Checkers" speech] First of all, we've got a house in Washington which cost $41,000 and on which we owe $20,000.
尼克松：[“跳棋”演讲]首先，我们在华盛顿有一栋房子，价值 41,000 美元，我们欠它 20,000 美元。
We have a house in Whittier, California which cost $13,000 and on which we owe $3,000.
我们在加利福尼亚州惠提尔有一栋房子，价值 13,000 美元，我们欠债 3,000 美元。
My folks are living there at the present time.
我的家人现在住在那里。
His wife asked him, "Why do you have to tell people how little we have and how much we owe?" "People in political life have to live in a goldfish bowl," he answered, "but I knew it was a weak explanation for the humiliation I was asking her to endure."
他的妻子问他：“你为什么要告诉人们我们拥有的很少，我们欠下的钱有多少？” “从事政治生活的人必须生活在金鱼缸里，”他回答道，“但我知道，这对于我要求她忍受的羞辱来说，这是一个无力的解释。”
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: ["Checkers" speech] I should say this, that Pat doesn't have a mink coat, but she does have a respectable Republican cloth coat.
尼克松：[“跳棋”演讲]我应该这么说，帕特没有貂皮大衣，但她确实有一件值得尊敬的共和党布大衣。
And I always tell her that she'd look good in anything.
我总是告诉她，她穿什么都好看。
The "cloth coat" remark was aimed at the Truman Administration, then plagued by mink-coat bribery charges.
“布大衣”言论是针对当时饱受貂大衣贿赂指控困扰的杜鲁门政府。
Next, Nixon borrowed a technique from Franklin Roosevelt.
接下来，尼克松借鉴了富兰克林·罗斯福的技巧。
He talked about his dog.
他谈到了他的狗。
"Using the same ploy as FDR," he wrote in his memoirs, "would irritate my opponents and delight my friends."
他在回忆录中写道：“使用与罗斯福相同的策略，会激怒我的对手，让我的朋友高兴。”
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: ["Checkers" speech] We did get something, a gift after the election.
尼克松：[“跳棋”演讲]选举后我们确实得到了一些东西，一份礼物。
It was a little cocker spaniel dog, black and white spotted.
那是一只小可卡犬，身上有黑白斑点。
And our little girl Tricia, the six-year-old, named it Checkers.
我们六岁的小女孩特里西娅（Tricia）给它取名为跳棋（Checkers）。
And you know, the kids, like all kids, love the dog and I just want to say this right now, that regardless of what they say about it, we're going to keep him.
你知道，孩子们，像所有孩子一样，喜欢这只狗，我现在只想说，无论他们怎么说，我们都会保留它。
[Republican Rally, Cleveland, Ohio] I would do nothing that would harm the possibility of Dwight Eisenhower to become President of the United States and for that reason, I am committed to the Republican National Committee, tonight through this television broadcast, the decision which is theirs to make.
[共和党集会，俄亥俄州克利夫兰]我不会做任何会损害德怀特·艾森豪威尔成为美国总统的可能性的事情，因此，我今晚通过电视广播向共和党全国委员会做出决定，这是他们做出的决定。
Wire and write the Republican National Committee whether you think I should stay on or whether I should get off and whatever their decision is, I will abide by it.
给共和党全国委员会写信，无论你认为我应该留下还是应该下台，无论他们的决定是什么，我都会遵守。
General DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER: [defending Nixon] I have been a warrior and I like courage.
德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔将军：[为尼克松辩护]我一直是一名战士，我喜欢勇气。
And tonight, I saw an example of courage.
今晚，我看到了勇气的例子。
[Cleveland Rally] All those in favor of Nixon continuing as a candidate will say aye!
[克利夫兰集会]所有支持尼克松继续担任候选人的人都会说是！
Mr. LYMAN BROWNFIELD, Duke Classmate: I had called some Republican friends of mine and had asked them to send telegrams to Nixon, saying, "Don't drop off the ticket," and they had refused.
莱曼·布朗菲尔德先生，杜克大学同学：我给我的一些共和党朋友打电话，请他们给尼克松发电报，说“不要把票扔掉”，但他们拒绝了。
And I was with some of them when I watched the "Checkers" speech and afterwards, every one of them sent a telegram to Nixon, saying, "Great job, stay on the ticket."
当我观看“跳棋”演讲时，我和他们中的一些人在一起，之后，他们每个人都给尼克松发了一封电报，说：“干得好，继续留在票上。”
Nixon stayed on the ticket that was swept into office in November, the first Republican administration in two decades.
尼克松继续坚持竞选，并于 11 月当选，这是二十年来的第一届共和党政府。
Mr. PATRICK HILLINGS, Campaign Staff: During the Eisenhower years, Nixon became the point man.
帕特里克·希林斯先生，竞选团队成员：在艾森豪威尔执政期间，尼克松成为了关键人物。
Eisenhower never expected to have to get into too much political discussion, but that was one of the reasons he put young Senator Richard Nixon on the ticket, because he could do that.
艾森豪威尔从未想过要卷入太多的政治讨论，但这就是他选择年轻参议员理查德·尼克松的原因之一，因为他可以做到这一点。
So all the tough political assignments usually were given to Nixon.
因此，所有艰巨的政治任务通常都交给了尼克松。
Sen.
参议员。
NIXON: [campaigning] All a Democratic Congress offers, if elected this year, is a return to the policies of the Truman Administration.
尼克松：[竞选活动]如果今年当选，民主党国会所提供的一切就是回归杜鲁门政府的政策。
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: He's a very partisan creature, after all, and he becomes for the first time really, the focus of genuine criticism in the press.
尼克松传记作者罗杰·莫里斯先生：毕竟，他是一个党派倾向性很强的人，而且他第一次真正成为媒体真正批评的焦点。
He has enjoyed enormous immunity in the press in Southern California and nationally up until the '52 campaign.
在 52 年竞选之前，他在南加州和全国的媒体中享有巨大的豁免权。
And he suffers his first tarnish in the fund episode and that gets worse and worse, until Herblock begins to give him a heavy beard in cartoons in the Washington Post and he comes under sometimes vicious, often very telling and accurate, attack in the national media.
他在基金事件中遭受了第一次玷污，而且情况变得越来越糟，直到赫布洛克开始在《华盛顿邮报》的漫画中让他留着浓密的胡子，他在国家媒体上有时受到恶意的、往往是非常有说服力和准确的攻击。
7th NEWSCASTER: A stunned nation hears that its President is stricken with a heart attack.
第七位新闻播音员：全国震惊地得知其总统心脏病发作。
Nixon's detractors held their breath during Eisenhower's illness in September 1955, but the Vice President surprised even his most severe critics.
1955 年 9 月，艾森豪威尔生病期间，尼克松的批评者屏住了呼吸，但这位副总统甚至令最严厉的批评者感到惊讶。
For nearly two months, Nixon was a cautious substitute president, standing in for Eisenhower, while not calling attention to himself.
在近两个月的时间里，尼克松一直是一位谨慎的替补总统，代替艾森豪威尔，同时没有引起人们对他自己的关注。
Vice President NIXON: The American people can be assured that the business of government will go ahead as usual, despite the President's illness.
尼克松副总统：美国人民可以放心，尽管总统生病了，但政府事务将照常进行。
Under the President's leadership, a team has been developed in Washington which will carry out the very well-defined foreign policies and domestic policies that the President himself has laid down during his first two and a half years in office.
在总统的领导下，华盛顿组建了一个团队，该团队将执行总统本人在其执政的头两年半期间制定的非常明确的外交政策和国内政策。
Fully recovered, Eisenhower announced he would seek reelection, but did not guarantee Nixon a place on the ticket.
完全康复后，艾森豪威尔宣布他将寻求连任，但没有保证尼克松在竞选中占有一席之地。
Privately, he thought him immature, a political liability.
私下里，他认为他不成熟，是一个政治负担。
But Nixon refused to consider the President's offer of a cabinet position instead of the vice presidency.
但尼克松拒绝考虑总统提出的担任内阁职位而不是副总统的提议。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: I met with the President this afternoon in the White House and at that time, I informed him that in the event that he and the delegates to the Republican National Convention decided that it was in the best interests of the Republican Party and his Administration for me to continue in my present office, that I would be honored to accept renomination as the Republican candidate for vice president.
尼克松：我今天下午在白宫会见了总统，当时我告诉他，如果他和共和党全国代表大会的代表认为我继续担任现任职务符合共和党及其政府的最佳利益，我将很荣幸接受重新提名为共和党副总统候选人。
And the President has asked me to say that he was delighted to hear of the Vice President's decision.
总统让我说他很高兴听到副总统的决定。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [1956 Republican Convention] No man could be more highly honored than to be selected as the running mate of such a great President.
尼克松：[1956 年共和党大会] 没有人比被选为如此伟大的总统的竞选搭档更荣幸的了。
I accept this nomination in that spirit.
我本着这种精神接受这一提名。
Nixon was less aggressive in 1956 than in earlier campaigns.
尼克松 1956 年的侵略性不如之前的竞选时期。
The press began to write of a "New Nixon," but the Vice President remained the Democrats' favorite target.
媒体开始报道“新尼克松”，但副总统仍然是民主党最喜欢的目标。
ADLAI STEVENSON, Democratic National Candidate 1956: I must say bluntly that every piece of scientific evidence we have, every lesson of history and experience indicates that a Republican victory tomorrow would mean that Richard Nixon would probably be President of this country within the next four years.
阿莱·史蒂文森，1956 年民主党全国候选人：我必须直言不讳地说，我们拥有的每一项科学证据、每一个历史教训和经验都表明，共和党明天的胜利将意味着理查德·尼克松可能会在未来四年内成为这个国家的总统。
I say frankly, as a citizen more than a candidate, that I recoil at the prospect of Mr. Nixon as custodian of this nation's future, as guardian of the hydrogen bomb, as representative of America in the world, as commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
坦率地说，作为一名公民而不是一名候选人，我对尼克松先生作为这个国家未来的守护者、作为氢弹的守护者、作为美国在世界上的代表、作为美国武装部队总司令的前景感到退缩。
8th NEWSCASTER: As evening returns come in, the trend is unmistakable.
第八位新闻播音员：随着晚间回报的到来，趋势是明确无误的。
It's Eisenhower by a landslide, with 457 electoral votes to 74 for Stevenson and a nine-million vote plurality.
艾森豪威尔以压倒性优势当选，史蒂文森获得 457 票，74 票，获得 900 万票多数票。
Nixon was a survivor.
尼克松是幸存者。
He had overcome Eisenhower's indifference, a sometimes hostile press and bitter partisan attacks.
他克服了艾森豪威尔的冷漠、有时充满敌意的媒体和激烈的党派攻击。
He entered his second vice presidential term as the Republican heir apparent.
他作为共和党法定继承人进入了第二个副总统任期。
Richard Nixon was favorite to win the Republican presidential nomination in 1960.
理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 最有希望赢得 1960 年共和党总统提名。
Events of the last four years had made him one of the most visible Vice Presidents in history.
过去四年发生的事件使他成为历史上最引人注目的副总统之一。
During a tour of South America, he had faced down angry leftist mobs that spat upon him and his wife and attacked their motorcade.
在南美之旅期间，他曾面对愤怒的左翼暴徒，他们向他和他的妻子吐口水，并袭击了他们的车队。
Maintaining his composure throughout the ordeal, Nixon returned home to a hero's welcome.
尼克松在整个磨难过程中始终保持镇定，回到家中受到了英雄般的欢迎。
And in Moscow, he had confronted the leader of the communist world, Nikita Khrushchev, in an impromptu televised debate.
在莫斯科，他在一场即兴电视辩论中与共产主义世界领导人尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫对峙。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: There must be a free exchange of ideas.
尼克松：必须自由地交流思想。
There are some instances where you may be ahead of us, for example, in the development of your-- of the thrust of your rockets for the investigation of outer space.
在某些情况下，你们可能领先于我们，例如，在开发用于外太空调查的火箭推力方面。
There may be some instances -- for example, color television -- where we're ahead of you, but in order for both of us-- [Khrushchev interrupts] for both of us to benefit-- for both of us to benefit-- you see, you never concede anything.
可能在某些情况下——例如，彩色电视——我们领先于你们，但是为了我们双方——[赫鲁晓夫打断]为了我们双方都受益——为了我们双方都受益——你看，你永远不会让步。
Nixon's combination of toughness and humor played well back home.
尼克松的强硬与幽默相结合，在国内表现得很好。
In July 1960, Republicans embraced him as their presidential candidate.
1960 年 7 月，共和党拥护他为总统候选人。
--that Vice President Richard M.
——副总统理查德·M.
Nixon has been unanimously nominated to be the candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.
尼克松被一致提名为共和党美国总统候选人。
Just 14 years after he was tapped by a group of small-town businessmen to run for Congress in California, Richard Nixon stood at the top of his party.
理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 被一群小镇商人推选竞选加利福尼亚州国会议员仅 14 年，他就站在了政党的最高层。
As he mapped out an ambitious 50-state campaign, he was challenged by his opponent, John F.
当他制定雄心勃勃的 50 个州竞选活动时，他受到了对手约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy, to a series of televised debates, the first in American history.
肯尼迪参加了一系列电视辩论，这在美国历史上尚属首次。
Even when hospitalized for two weeks with a knee injury, Nixon remained confident, anxious for the debates to begin, eager once again to use television to talk directly to the voters.
即使因膝盖受伤住院两周，尼克松仍然充满信心，渴望辩论的开始，渴望再次利用电视直接与选民交谈。
HERB KAPLOW, NBC News: At the time, there was a feeling that this, overall, might be a mismatch.
HERB KAPLOW，NBC 新闻：当时有一种感觉，总体而言，这可能是不匹配的。
Nixon was the candidate who had more prominence, who had been a member of the House, a member of the Senate and the Vice President of the United States.
尼克松是更有声望的候选人，曾担任过众议院议员、参议院议员和美国副总统。
Kennedy, he didn't have a particularly strong reputation in Congress.
肯尼迪，他在国会中没有特别高的声誉。
There was some feeling that he was, to some extent, a playboy, that he wasn't too serious a senator and so, I think people felt that Nixon had the edge and I think Nixon felt that he had the edge.
有人感觉他在某种程度上是一个花花公子，他不是一个太认真的参议员，所以，我认为人们觉得尼克松有优势，我认为尼克松也觉得他有优势。
HOWARD K.
霍华德·K.
SMITH, Moderator: The candidates need no introduction: the Republican candidate, Vice President Richard M.
史密斯（主持人）：候选人无需介绍：共和党候选人、副总统理查德·M·史密斯（Richard M.
Nixon and the Democratic candidate, Senator John F.
尼克松和民主党候选人、参议员约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy.
肯尼迪.
According to the rules set by the candidates themselves each man --
根据候选人各自制定的规则——
The Nixon-Kennedy debates would forever change the way Americans chose their Presidents.
尼克松与肯尼迪的辩论将永远改变美国人选择总统的方式。
Political rallies and old-fashioned hand-shaking became much less important than the image on the television screen.
政治集会和老式的握手变得不如电视屏幕上的形象那么重要。
Mr. TED ROGERS, Nixon Television Adviser: You must understand that Nixon himself had said, "I don't want any makeup on for these particular debates." What I tried to explain to Dick was he has these certain characteristics of his skin where it's almost transparent.
尼克松电视顾问特德·罗杰斯先生：你必须明白，尼克松本人曾说过，“我不想在这些特定的辩论中化妆。”我试图向迪克解释的是，他的皮肤具有这些几乎透明的特征。
And it was a very nice thought to say, you know, "I don't want any makeup," but that he really needed to have what we would have called even an acceptable television picture.
这是一个非常好的想法，你知道，“我不想化妆”，但他确实需要拥有我们所说的甚至可以接受的电视画面。
And of course, JFK, here he'd been riding in motorcades all over California with the top down.
当然，肯尼迪，在这里他一直在加利福尼亚州各地驾驶车队，自上而下。
He looked like a bronze warrior when he came into Chicago.
当他来到芝加哥时，他看起来就像一位青铜战士。
He really did.
他确实做到了。
Senator JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY: [Nixon-Kennedy debate] Mr. Nixon comes out of the Republican Party.
参议员约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪：[尼克松-肯尼迪辩论]尼克松先生来自共和党。
He was nominated by it.
他被提名了。
And it is a fact that through most of these last 25 years, the Republican leadership has opposed Federal aid for education, medical care for the aged.
事实上，在过去 25 年的大部分时间里，共和党领导层一直反对联邦对教育和老年人医疗保健的援助。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: I know what it means to be poor.
尼克松：我知道贫穷意味着什么。
I know what it means to see people who are unemployed.
我知道看到失业的人意味着什么。
I know Senator Kennedy feels as deeply about these problems as I do, but our disagreement is not about the goals for America, but only about the means to reach those goals.
我知道肯尼迪参议员和我一样对这些问题有深刻的感受，但我们的分歧不是关于美国的目标，而是关于实现这些目标的手段。
The first debate was costly to Nixon.
第一次辩论让尼克松付出了高昂的代价。
The radio audience thought he had won, but the largest television audience in history had seen the Vice President haggard and drawn and had been given its first sustained look at the Kennedy style.
广播听众认为他赢了，但历史上最大的电视观众看到了副总统憔悴而憔悴的样子，并第一次持续地看到了肯尼迪风格。
HERB KLEIN, Nixon Press Secretary: Kennedy had a great charm for not only the voters, but also for the press.
尼克松新闻秘书赫伯·克莱因：肯尼迪不仅对选民而且对新闻界都具有巨大的魅力。
The press corps had sort of a love affair with Jack Kennedy and no matter what things we might do to make things better -- we could serve a hot meal, they would serve a cold meal and the press liked cold better -- and so that he felt he was running up against impossible odds.
记者团与杰克·肯尼迪有某种恋情，无论我们做些什么来让事情变得更好——我们可以提供热餐，他们会提供冷餐，而媒体更喜欢冷餐——所以他觉得自己遇到了不可能的困难。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: And I say we can't afford to have the White House as a training ground for an inexperienced man who is rash and impulsive.
尼克松：我想说，我们不能让白宫成为一个鲁莽、冲动、缺乏经验的人的训练场。
Sen.
参议员。
KENNEDY: This Administration has failed to recognize-- has failed to recognize that in these changing times, with a revolution of rising expectations sweeping the globe, the United States has lost its image as a new, strong, vital revolutionary society.
肯尼迪：本届政府未能认识到，在这个不断变化的时代，随着一场席卷全球的期望不断提高的革命，美国已经失去了作为一个新的、强大的、充满活力的革命社会的形象。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: I have been to Russia and I've seen it.
尼克松：我去过俄罗斯并且亲眼目睹了它。
I've been to the United States and I've seen it.
我去过美国并且亲眼目睹了它。
And there is no need for a second rate psychology on the part of any American.
任何美国人都不需要二流的心理学。
1st REPORTER: Mr. Vice President, what did you think of your reception today?
记者第一问：副总统先生，您对今天的招待会有何看法？
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: Well, of course, it was the greatest of the campaign and I think this means that we're on the way to victory in New York.
尼克松：当然，这是竞选活动中最伟大的一次，我认为这意味着我们正在纽约取得胜利。
1st REPORTER: [to Pat Nixon] How about you?
第一记者：[对帕特·尼克松]你呢？
Do you agree?
你同意？
Election night, Nixon remembered, was the longest night of his life.
尼克松记得，选举之夜是他一生中最长的夜晚。
It appeared at first to be a Kennedy sweep, then became too close to call, then edged back toward Kennedy again.
起初似乎是肯尼迪横扫，然后变得势均力敌，然后又再次向肯尼迪倾斜。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [1960 election concession speech] And I--please, please.
尼克松：[1960 年大选败选演讲] 我——拜托，拜托。
And I-- as I look at the board here, while there are still some results still to come in, if the present trend continues, Mr. Kennedy-- Senator Kennedy will be the next President of the United States.
我——当我看着这里的董事会时，虽然仍有一些结果尚未公布，但如果目前的趋势继续下去，肯尼迪先生——肯尼迪参议员将成为美国下一任总统。
[chanting] We want Nixon!
[高喊]我们想要尼克松！
We want Nixon!
我们要尼克松！
We want Nixon!
我们要尼克松！
In the end, it proved to be one of the closest elections in history.
最终，这被证明是历史上最接近的选举之一。
Kennedy won by only 100,000 votes and charges of Democratic fraud were widespread.
肯尼迪仅以 10 万票的优势获胜，民主党舞弊指控普遍存在。
Much of the winning margin came from Lyndon Johnson's Texas and Richard J.
大部分胜利来自林登·约翰逊（Lyndon Johnson）的德克萨斯州和理查德·J·约翰逊（Richard J.
Daley's Chicago, but Nixon refused to demand a recount.
戴利的芝加哥，但尼克松拒绝要求重新计票。
"If it failed to change the results," he wrote "charges of 'sore loser' would follow me through history and remove any possibility of a further political career."
“如果它不能改变结果，”他写道，“‘失败者’的指控将伴随我走过历史，并消除我进一步政治生涯的任何可能性。”
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: Richard Nixon is forever embittered by the experience and -- taken with the example, I think -- feels that never again will he be caught short, never again will his opponents outdo him and never again will he trust the ordinary, normal and honest devices of American politics to function as they're supposed to.
罗杰·莫里斯先生，尼克松传记作者：理查德·尼克松对这段经历永远感到痛苦，并且——我认为以这个例子为例——感觉他再也不会陷入困境，他的对手再也不会超越他，他再也不会相信美国政治中普通、正常和诚实的手段能够发挥其应有的作用。
In his last official act as Vice President, Nixon presided over a joint session of Congress on January 6, 1961 and announced his own defeat.
1961 年 1 月 6 日，尼克松在最后一次正式担任副总统时主持了国会联席会议，并宣布自己落败。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: I now declare that John F.
尼克松：我现在宣布约翰·F.
Kennedy has been elected President of the United States and Lyndon Johnson Vice President of the United States.
肯尼迪当选美国总统，林登·约翰逊当选美国副总统。
President-Elect KENNEDY: [taking oath of office] I, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, so help me God.
当选总统肯尼迪：[宣誓就职]我，约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪，庄严宣誓，我将忠实地履行美国总统的职责，并将尽我所能，维护、保护和捍卫美国宪法，愿上帝保佑我。
Mr. PATRICK HILLINGS, Campaign Staff: Well, he handled it surprisingly well.
帕特里克·希林斯先生（竞选团队成员）：嗯，他处理得非常好。
In fact, he cheered us up a good deal of the time.
事实上，他很多时候都让我们高兴起来。
He was still a very young man.
他还是一个非常年轻的人。
I'm sure he had thoughts of the future.
我确信他对未来有想法。
The biggest problem was that the fellow who defeated him was a young man and all of us thought that meant at least eight years for Jack Kennedy and what is Nixon going to do for eight years?
最大的问题是，击败他的人是个年轻人，我们所有人都认为这对杰克·肯尼迪来说意味着至少八年，而尼克松将在八年里做什么？
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [announcing gubernatorial candidacy] I shall not be a candidate for President of the United States in 1964.
尼克松：[宣布竞选州长]我不会成为 1964 年美国总统的候选人。
I shall be a candidate for governor of the State of California in 1962.
我将成为 1962 年加利福尼亚州州长的候选人。
But Nixon had been out of touch with his home state for too long.
但尼克松已经与他的家乡脱节太久了。
The campaign against incumbent governor Pat Brown was bitter and exhausting.
反对现任州长帕特·布朗的竞选活动是痛苦而疲惫的。
Nixon was soundly defeated.
尼克松惨遭失败。
Reporters in Los Angeles were told the losing candidate had left and would not make a statement, but Nixon, his anger toward the press building for years, resolved to have the last word.
洛杉矶的记者被告知落选的候选人已经离开，不会发表声明，但尼克松多年来对新闻大楼的愤怒，决定拥有最后的发言权。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: For 16 years, ever since the Hiss case, you've had a lot of fun, a lot of fun.
尼克松：自从希斯案发生以来，16 年来，你一直过得很开心，很开心。
And you've had an opportunity to attack me and I think I've given as good as I've taken.
你有机会攻击我，我想我付出的和我得到的一样好。
I leave you gentlemen now and you will now write it, you will interpret it, that's your right.
我现在离开你们，先生们，你们现在将写下它，你们将解释它，这是你们的权利。
But as I leave you, I want you to know-- just think how much you're going to be missing.
但当我离开你时，我想让你知道——想想你将会失去多少。
You don't have Nixon to kick around anymore.
你不再有尼克松可以闲逛了。
Because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference and I hope that what I have said today will at least make television, radio, the press, recognize that they have a right and a responsibility, if they are against a candidate, give him the shaft, but also recognize, if they give him the shaft, put one lonely reporter on the campaign who will report what the candidate says now and then.
因为，先生们，这是我的最后一次新闻发布会，我希望我今天所说的至少能让电视、广播和媒体认识到他们有权利和责任，如果他们反对某个候选人，就给他批评，但也认识到，如果他们给他批评，就在竞选活动中安排一名孤独的记者，他会时不时地报道候选人的言论。
Thank you, gentlemen and good day.
谢谢你们，先生们，美好的一天。
An angry, resentful Richard Nixon strode from the Beverly Hilton on November 7, 1962, seemingly bound for political oblivion.
1962 年 11 月 7 日，愤怒、怨恨的理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 大步走出贝弗利希尔顿酒店 (Beverly Hilton)，似乎注定会被政治遗忘。
"Barring a miracle," said Time Magazine, Richard Nixon's political career was over.
《时代》杂志说：“除非出现奇迹，否则理查德·尼克松的政治生涯就结束了。”
Less than six months after his humiliating defeat in California, Nixon appeared on The Jack Paar Show , playing a tune he had written himself.
在加州惨败后不到六个月，尼克松出现在杰克帕尔秀上，演奏了一首他自己写的曲子。
Although no one in the audience could have known it, this was the beginning of one of the most remarkable comebacks in American political history.
尽管观众中没有人知道这一点，但这是美国政治史上最引人注目的卷土重来之一的开始。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: Well, which one?
尼克松：嗯，哪一个？
Just to be very serious, I know, of course, you're referring to President Kennedy and I under no circumstances would speak disrespectfully even of him or of his office.
严肃地说，我当然知道你指的是肯尼迪总统，我在任何情况下都不会不尊重地谈论他或他的办公室。
Mr. PAAR: Aren't you kind of friends?
PAAR先生：你们不是好朋友吗？
Were you kind of friends at one time?
你们曾经是朋友吗？
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: Oh, certainly.
尼克松：哦，当然。
We came to the Congress together--
我们一起来到国会——
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: --and we were low men on the totem pole on the Labor Committee together.
尼克松：——我们都是劳工委员会图腾柱上的低等人。
And we remained low men until he ran for President.
在他竞选总统之前，我们一直都是卑微的人。
Now he's up and I'm down.
现在他起来了，我下来了。
Mr. PAAR: My little daughter said today that-- you know, she said, "Is Mr. Nixon going to be on?" I said, "Yes." She says, "I do hope that man finds work."
帕尔先生：我的小女儿今天说——你知道，她说，“尼克松先生会出现吗？”我说：“是的。”她说：“我确实希望那个人能找到工作。”
Nixon found work as a Wall Street lawyer, determined to succeed at what he called "the fast track." Pat Nixon had never been happy with the constant demands of politics and welcomed the prospect of a more normal existence.
尼克松找到了一份华尔街律师的工作，决心在他所谓的“快车道”上取得成功。帕特·尼克松从未对政治的持续要求感到满意，并对更加正常的存在前景表示欢迎。
"I hope we never move again," she told him when they settled in New York.
“我希望我们再也不会搬家了，”当他们在纽约安顿下来时，她告诉他。
But politics had been Nixon's whole life, all he had ever known.
但政治是尼克松一生的全部，也是他所知道的一切。
He soon told friends he would die of boredom if he stayed in private life.
他很快就告诉朋友们，如果他继续过私人生活，他会无聊死的。
9th NEWSCASTER: Here is a bulletin from CBS News.
第九新闻播音员：这是哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的公告。
In Dallas, Texas, three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas.
在德克萨斯州达拉斯，达拉斯市中心的肯尼迪总统车队遭到三枪射击。
To some, it seemed that Kennedy's assassination might open the way for Nixon in the next election, but sensing the mood of the country, Nixon concluded that Lyndon Johnson, the new President, would be unbeatable in 1964.
对一些人来说，肯尼迪的遇刺似乎可能为尼克松在下一次选举中打开道路，但尼克松感受到了全国的情绪，得出结论认为，新总统林登·约翰逊在 1964 年将是无与伦比的。
2nd REPORTER: Are you writing yourself off at this point as a political candidate, as a presidential candidate at any time?
第二位记者：您现在是否认为自己是一名政治候选人，或者任何时候的总统候选人？
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: Well I've made it clear that I am not a candidate for public office.
尼克松：我已经明确表示我不是公职候选人。
I shall not become a candidate in this year, 1964, and I certainly have no plans to become a candidate in the future.
1964年我不会成为候选人，将来我当然也不打算成为候选人。
I also want to make it clear at the same time, however, I'm not writing myself off as a political leader in the United States.
但我同时也想澄清，我并不是否认自己是美国的政治领袖。
As Nixon expected, President Johnson overwhelmed Republican Barry Goldwater in 1964 and the party lost disastrously in Congress.
正如尼克松所预料的那样，约翰逊总统在 1964 年击败了共和党人巴里·戈德华特，该党在国会惨败。
But in the ruins of that defeat, Nixon saw his way back to power.
但在那次失败的废墟中，尼克松找到了重新掌权的道路。
He worked the Republican congressional circuit tirelessly, traveled to 35 states, barnstormed for 105 candidates.
他不知疲倦地在共和党国会巡回演出，走遍了 35 个州，对 105 名候选人进行了巡回演讲。
And when the party made a dramatic comeback in 1966, there was hardly a Republican who didn't owe Nixon a favor.
当该党在 1966 年戏剧性地卷土重来时，几乎没有一个共和党人不欠尼克松一个人情。
LEONARD GARMENT, Law Partner: He was uncomfortable with all of the obligatory activities of politics.
LEONARD GARMENT，律师合伙人：他对所有强制性的政治活动感到不舒服。
Those were the dues one paid in order to gain admission to the arena and he paid them.
这些是一个人为了进入竞技场而支付的会费，他支付了这些费用。
He flinched on occasion, but he paid them.
他有时会退缩，但他付了钱。
He learned to do what he had to do.
他学会了做他必须做的事。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [campaigning] Hey, how are you doing, boys?
尼克松：[竞选活动]嘿，你们好吗，孩子们？
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: Get this boy in now.
尼克松：现在就让这个男孩进来。
You got to get him in.
你得让他进来。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: You know, this is your old district.
尼克松：你知道，这是你的老区。
You get him in now.
你现在就让他进来。
Nixon promised his family a moratorium on politics in 1967, but immediately took off on a grueling tour of four continents.
1967 年，尼克松向家人承诺暂停政治生活，但立即开始了四大洲的艰苦之旅。
Traveling as a private citizen, the former Vice President could still command a crowd in the most remote reaches of the globe.
这位前副总统以普通公民身份出行，仍然可以在全球最偏远的地区指挥人群。
His trips kept him in the news and strengthened his grasp of foreign policy.
他的旅行使他成为新闻焦点，并加强了他对外交政策的掌握。
Once again, Richard Nixon was aiming for the presidency.
理查德·尼克松再次瞄准了总统职位。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: He had this absolutely core fire that he wanted to be President of the United States, I think for several reasons: probably to prove a lot of things to himself, but also because he sincerely wanted to take the country in a direction that he felt was the right direction.
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：他有一种绝对的核心热情，他想成为美国总统，我认为有几个原因：可能是为了向自己证明很多事情，但也因为他真诚地希望带领国家朝着他认为正确的方向发展。
As Nixon officially announced his candidacy in February 1968, the events of that tumultuous year moved him closer to the office he had sought for so long.
1968 年 2 月，尼克松正式宣布参选，那一年发生的动荡事件使他离他长期以来一直寻求的职位更近了。
In Vietnam, Communist guerrillas fought their way to the very doorstep of the American embassy in Saigon.
在越南，共产党游击队杀入美国驻西贡大使馆门口。
Never had the prospects for victory looked more bleak.
胜利的前景从未如此黯淡。
At home, anger over the war tore the country apart and forced Lyndon Johnson to withdraw from the presidential race.
在国内，对战争的愤怒使国家分裂，并迫使林登·约翰逊退出总统竞选。
Robert Kennedy was just beginning to emerge as the Democratic front runner when he was killed an assassin's bullet.
罗伯特·肯尼迪刚刚开始成为民主党的领跑者，就被刺客的子弹杀死了。
Race riots following the murder of Martin Luther King turned many cities into battlegrounds.
马丁·路德·金被谋杀后的种族骚乱将许多城市变成了战场。
The country had not suffered such upheaval since the Civil War.
自内战以来，这个国家还没有经历过如此动乱。
Many American yearned for a leader who promised safety and stability.
许多美国人渴望有一位承诺安全和稳定的领导人。
In Miami Beach, safe from the crises that engulfed the country, the Nixon family watched as Republicans chose their candidate.
在迈阿密海滩，远离席卷全国的危机，尼克松家族看着共和党人选择他们的候选人。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [at hotel] There.
尼克松：[在酒店]那儿。
We worked for those.
我们为这些工作。
Ha ha.
哈哈。
[1968 Republican National Convention] When the strongest nation in the world can be tied down for four years in a war in Vietnam with no end in sight, when the nation with the greatest tradition of the rule of law is plagued by unprecedented lawlessness, when a nation that's been known for a century for equality of opportunity is torn by unprecedented racial violence, then it's time for new leadership for the United States of America.
[1968年共和党全国代表大会] 当世界上最强大的国家在一场看不到尽头的越南战争中被束缚了四年，当这个拥有最伟大法治传统的国家受到前所未有的无法无天的困扰，当一个以机会平等而闻名一个世纪的国家被前所未有的种族暴力撕裂时，那么是时候美利坚合众国新的领导层了。
Republicans once again pinned their presidential hopes on Richard Nixon.
共和党人再次将总统希望寄托在理查德·尼克松身上。
To them and to many in the press, he seemed a "new Nixon," better prepared than the man who had lost in 1960.
对他们和许多媒体来说，他似乎是一个“新尼克松”，比 1960 年失败的人准备得更好。
But the Democratic front runner, Hubert Humphrey, said he'd seen it all before.
但民主党领跑者休伯特·汉弗莱 (Hubert Humphrey) 表示，他以前见过这一切。
Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, Presidential Candidate: They started the renewal job in 1952, a "brand-new" Nixon.
总统候选人、参议员休伯特·汉弗莱：他们在 1952 年开始了更新工作，“全新”的尼克松。
There was some reason for it, too.
这也是有原因的。
Then they had another renewal job in 1956.
1956年，他们又进行了一次更新工作。
Then they had another renovation operation in 1960.
1960年，他们又进行了一次翻修工程。
Then, when he went to run for governor in California in 1962, they renewed him again.
然后，当他 1962 年竞选加利福尼亚州州长时，他们再次与他续约。
And then, in 1964, another touch-up.
然后，1964 年，又进行了一次修饰。
And now, I read about the "new Nixon" of 1968.
现在，我读到了 1968 年的“新尼克松”。
Ladies and gentlemen, anybody that had his political face lifted so many times can't be very new.
女士们先生们，任何一个曾多次露出政治面孔的人都不会是新人。
Boating in the Florida keys, Nixon was relaxed and confident.
尼克松在佛罗里达群岛划船，心情轻松而自信。
He was running far ahead of Humphrey in the polls and the Vietnam War was splintering the Democrats.
他在民意调查中远远领先于汉弗莱，而越南战争正在分裂民主党。
ANTI-WAR DELEGATES, 1968 Democratic National Convention: [chanting] We want peace now.
1968 年民主党全国代表大会上的反战代表：[高喊]我们现在想要和平。
We want peace now.
我们现在想要和平。
We want peace now.
我们现在想要和平。
At their convention in Chicago, the anti-war wing of the party pressed for an end to the bombing and a negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops, but Humphrey stuck by President Johnson's policy.
在芝加哥举行的大会上，该党的反战派敦促停止轰炸并通过谈判撤出美军，但汉弗莱坚持约翰逊总统的政策。
Sen.
参议员。
HUMPHREY: [1968 Democratic National Convention] And I think that withdrawal would be totally unrealistic and would be a catastrophe.
汉弗莱：[1968 年民主党全国代表大会] 我认为退出是完全不现实的，而且会是一场灾难。
As the Democrats fought over Vietnam, Nixon avoided the issue, promising only that he would find "an honorable end" to the war.
当民主党为越南而战时，尼克松回避了这个问题，只承诺他将为战争找到“光荣的结局”。
Along with millions of Americans, he watched on television as anti-war protests outside the convention hall exploded into violence.
他和数百万美国人一起在电视上观看了会议厅外的反战抗议活动演变成暴力事件。
In the chaos, Nixon saw an opportunity.
在混乱中，尼克松看到了机会。
A few days later, he moved through the same streets in a motorcade.
几天后，他率领车队穿过同一条街道。
Four hundred thousand people turned out to cheer him.
四十万人前来为他欢呼。
He chose the city which had seen open war among the Democrats to sound one of the central themes of his campaign.
他选择了这座曾经历过民主党之间公开战争的城市来作为他竞选的中心主题之一。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [1968 campaign] This is a nation of laws and as Abraham Lincoln has said, "No one is above the law, no one is below the law," and we're going to enforce the law and Americans should remember that if we're going to have law and order.
尼克松：[1968 年竞选]这是一个法治国家，正如亚伯拉罕·林肯所说，“没有人凌驾于法律之上，没有人低于法律”，我们将执行法律，美国人应该记住这一点，如果我们要拥有法律和秩序。
The emphasis on law and order appealed to millions of Americans.
对法律和秩序的重视吸引了数百万美国人。
Nixon's television commercials hammered it home.
尼克松的电视广告充分说明了这一点。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: [television commercial] In recent years, crime in this country has grown nine times as fast as population.
尼克松：[电视广告]近年来，这个国家的犯罪增长速度是人口增长速度的九倍。
At the current rate, the crimes of violence in America will double by 1972.
按照目前的速度，到 1972 年，美国的暴力犯罪将增加一倍。
We cannot accept that kind of future for America.
我们不能接受美国的这种未来。
We owe it to the decent and law-abiding citizens of America to take the offensive against the criminal forces that threaten their peace and their security and to rebuild respect for law across this country.
为了正派守法的美国公民，我们有责任对威胁他们和平与安全的犯罪势力发起进攻，并在全国重建对法律的尊重。
I pledge to you--
我向你保证——
To the Democrats, Nixon's call for law and order played to the worst in Americans.
对于民主党人来说，尼克松对法律和秩序的呼吁在美国人中引起了最坏的影响。
Sen.
参议员。
HUMPHREY: But you can't vote your anger, you have to vote your hopes.
汉弗莱：但是你不能投票给你的愤怒，你必须投票给你的希望。
You can't vote your hates, you have to vote your hopes.
你不能投票给你的仇恨，你必须投票给你的希望。
The preamble to the Constitution doesn't just say "Double the rate of convictions," it doesn't just say, "Law and order," it says, "To ensure justice." And if Mr. Nixon hasn't read it, then I'll send him a copy.
宪法序言不仅仅说“将定罪率加倍”，也不仅仅说“法律和秩序”，它还说“确保正义”。如果尼克松先生还没有读过，那么我会寄给他一份。
But Nixon had a feel for the issues that moved the middle American voter.
但尼克松对那些令美国中产选民感动的问题有自己的感受。
They were the same issues that moved him.
这些问题同样令他感动。
Blaming liberal Democrats for the upheaval in the country, he sought to rally a new Republican majority.
他将国家的动荡归咎于自由民主党，并寻求团结新的共和党多数派。
Vice Pres.
副总统。
NIXON: The new voice that is being heard across America today.
尼克松：今天美国各地都听到了新的声音。
It is not the voice of a single person, it's the voice of a majority of Americans who have not been the protesters, who have not been the shouters.
这不是一个人的声音，而是大多数美国人的声音，他们不是抗议者，也不是喊叫者。
The great majority finally have become angry, not angry with hate, but angry, my friends, because they love America and they don't like what has been happening to America for the last four years.
绝大多数人最终变得愤怒，不是因为仇恨而愤怒，而是愤怒，我的朋友们，因为他们爱美国，他们不喜欢美国过去四年所发生的事情。
3rd REPORTER: You've just heard Richard Nixon refer to you, among all these people, as the "forgotten Americans." What do you think he's referring to?
第三位记者：您刚刚听到理查德·尼克松在所有这些人中将您称为“被遗忘的美国人”。你认为他指的是什么？
Well, I sort of think he's talking about the people that are paying the taxes, that are supporting the schools, the churches, the people that are-- they are sort of forgotten because everything's aimed at welfare and things like that.
嗯，我觉得他说的是那些纳税的人，那些支持学校、教堂的人，他们有点被遗忘了，因为一切都是为了福利之类的事情。
Nixon's call to the "forgotten Americans" appealed to a bread band of voters, mostly white middle class, hawkish, patriotic.
尼克松对“被遗忘的美国人”的呼吁吸引了一批选民，其中大多数是白人中产阶级、鹰派和爱国人士。
It was a group that felt ignored and excluded in the upheavals of the 60s.
这个群体在 60 年代的动乱中感到被忽视和排斥。
And the strategy seemed to be working.
这个策略似乎正在发挥作用。
Nixon held his strong lead into the fall.
尼克松在秋季保持着强劲的领先优势。
Then, just before the election, President Johnson suddenly stopped the bombing of North Vietnam.
然后，就在大选前夕，约翰逊总统突然停止了对北越的轰炸。
Humphrey surged in the polls.
汉弗莱在民意调查中的支持率飙升。
Sen.
参议员。
HUMPHREY: We're going to have the biggest election surprise that America's known in 20 years.
汉弗莱：我们将迎来美国 20 年来最令人惊讶的选举。
We're going to win this election!
我们一定会赢得这次选举！
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
By election night, Nixon and Humphrey were dead even.
到选举之夜，尼克松和汉弗莱旗鼓相当。
Nixon prepared his family for the possibility of still another defeat.
尼克松的家人为可能再次失败做好了准备。
WALTER CRONKITE, CBS News: We see that Nixon has closed a little bit in the last few tabulations there.
沃尔特·克朗凯特（Walter Cronkite），哥伦比亚广播公司新闻：我们看到尼克松在最近几张表格中已经关闭了一点。
GENE BARRY, Actor, Humphrey Supporter: I think before the morning is out, Hubert Humphrey will be the next President of the United States.
吉恩·巴里（GENE BARRY），演员，汉弗莱支持者：我认为在上午结束之前，休伯特·汉弗莱将成为下一任美国总统。
Mr. Cronkite: And there have been no changes.
克朗凯特先生：没有任何变化。
None of those bit states have fallen yet, the ones we are waiting for.
我们正在等待的那些位状态还没有下降。
All night long, the lead shifted back and forth.
整个晚上，领先优势来来回回。
The results weren't announced until 8:00 the next morning.
直到第二天早上8:00，结果才公布。
Mr. CRONKITE: With the 26 electoral votes in Illinois, Richard Nixon goes over the top with 287 electoral votes, he needed 270 to win and that seems to be the 1968 election.
克朗凯特先生：伊利诺伊州有 26 张选举人票，理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 以 287 张选举人票领先，他需要 270 张选举人票才能获胜，那似乎是 1968 年的选举。
[at victory party] And he is beaming, Pat Nixon is beaming.
[在胜利派对上]他笑容满面，帕特·尼克松也笑容满面。
One can't help but think back to 1960, when a tearful Pat Nixon was choking back the emotions.
人们不禁回想起1960年，当时泪流满面的帕特·尼克松强忍着情绪。
It was a totally different scene, of course, then.
当然，那时的场景完全不同。
Here is possibly one of the most fantastic political comebacks in American history.
这可能是美国历史上最精彩的政治复出之一。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I saw many signs in this campaign.
尼克松：我在这次竞选中看到了很多迹象。
Some of them were not friendly.
他们中的一些人并不友好。
Some were very friendly.
有些人非常友好。
But the one that touched me the most was one that I saw in Deshler, Ohio at the end of a long day of whistle-stopping.
但最让我感动的是我在俄亥俄州德什勒结束了漫长一天的哨声后所看到的。
A teenager held up the sign, "Bring us together," and that will be the great objective of this Administration at the outset, to bring the American people together.
一名青少年举着牌子，“让我们团结在一起”，这将是本届政府一开始的伟大目标，让美国人民团结在一起。
Nixon spoke of unity, but his margin of victory had been extremely narrow.
尼克松谈到团结，但他的胜利微乎其微。
He had not reached out to blacks or the poor or opponents of the war.
他没有向黑人、穷人或战争反对者伸出援手。
And a nation as badly divided as America in 1968 would not be easy to lead.
而像 1968 年的美国这样分裂严重的国家并不容易领导。
At age 56, after 22 years of political battle, Richard Nixon had become the most powerful man in the world.
理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 56 岁时，经过 22 年的政治斗争，成为世界上最有权势的人。
He envisioned nothing less than a new world order with himself as its architect.
他所设想的正是一个由他自己担任建筑师的新世界秩序。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [Inaugural Address] The greatest honor history can bestow is the title of "peacemaker." This honor now beckons America.
尼克松：[就职演说]历史所能授予的最大荣誉是“和平缔造者”的称号。现在，这一荣誉正在向美国招手。
If we succeed, generations to come will say of us now living that we mastered our moment, that we helped make the world safe for mankind.
如果我们成功了，子孙后代会说我们现在生活在我们的时代，我们帮助人类创造了安全的世界。
This is our summons to greatness.
这是我们对伟大的召唤。
Mr. ELLIOTT RICHARDSON, Nixon Cabinet Member: And there's no question at all that Nixon aspired to greatness.
艾略特·理查森先生，尼克松内阁成员：毫无疑问，尼克松渴望成就伟大。
He would talk constantly about he "generation of peace" that he hoped to contribute to building, that would indeed be his bequest to the United States and the world.
他会不断地谈论他希望为建设做出贡献的“和平的一代”，这确实是他留给美国和世界的遗产。
As Nixon took power, he assembled a staff that would leave him free to carry out his ambitious plans and whose loyalty had already been demonstrated.
尼克松上台后，他组建了一支幕僚团队，让他可以自由地执行他雄心勃勃的计划，而且他们的忠诚已经得到了证明。
H.R.
H.R.
HALDEMAN, White House Chief of Staff: The White House staff, as it evolves, I think you will find will be smaller than it's been in the past.
霍尔德曼，白宫幕僚长：随着白宫幕僚的发展，我想你会发现白宫幕僚数量将比过去少。
H.R.
H.R.
Haldeman, a former advertising executive who had been at Nixon's side since 1956, was made Chief of Staff.
霍尔德曼曾是一名广告主管，自 1956 年以来一直在尼克松身边，现在被任命为幕僚长。
He was proud, he once said, to be Richard Nixon's "son of a bitch." John Ehrlichman, a lawyer and top aide during the campaign, would handle much of domestic policy.
他曾经说过，他为成为理查德·尼克松的“王八蛋”而感到自豪。约翰·埃利希曼 (John Ehrlichman) 是一名律师，也是竞选期间的高级助手，他将处理大部分国内政策。
Together, he and Haldeman would tightly control access to the President.
他和霍尔德曼将一起严格控制与总统的接触。
Those whom they excluded called them "the Berlin Wall." Behind that wall, Nixon could focus on his main interest, foreign policy, bypassing the State Department to work closely with his National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger.
那些被他们排除在外的人称其为“柏林墙”。在那堵墙后面，尼克松可以专注于他的主要利益——外交政策，绕过国务院与他的国家安全顾问亨利·基辛格密切合作。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: Dr. Kissinger is perhaps one of the major scholars in America in the world today in this area.
尼克松：基辛格博士也许是美国在当今世界这一领域的主要学者之一。
He has never yet had a full-time government assignment and he will bring to this responsibility a fresh approach.
他尚未担任过全职政府职务，他将为这一职责带来新的方法。
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Kissinger Aide and Nixon Biographer: They organized the government to concentrate power in the hands of these two men in the White House.
罗杰·莫里斯先生，基辛格·艾德和尼克松传记作者：他们组织政府将权力集中在白宫这两个人手中。
And it's not accidental that he appoints an old friend, but a decidedly weak practitioner in Bill Rogers in the Department of State or essential a Wisconsin Dells politician, Melvin Laird, as Secretary of Defense.
他任命一位老朋友、国务院的比尔·罗杰斯（Bill Rogers）等明显软弱的实践者，或者威斯康星德尔斯的政治家梅尔文·莱尔德（Melvin Laird）担任国防部长，这并非偶然。
There are no strong figures in his cabinet and there are no strong foreign policy figures anywhere in the higher echelons of the government.
他的内阁中没有强有力的人物，政府高层中也没有强有力的外交政策人物。
It is to be Richard Nixon's foreign policy and it is to be carried out with sophistication and some subtlety by Henry Kissinger.
这是理查德·尼克松的外交政策，而亨利·基辛格则以老练和微妙的方式执行它。
Looming over the new Administration was the war in Vietnam.
越南战争笼罩着新政府。
American troops had been fighting for four years on behalf of South Vietnam against the Soviet-backed Communist forces of the North.
美国军队代表南越与苏联支持的北方共产党军队作战了四年。
The war had already taken the lives of 30,000 Americans and over a million Vietnamese.
战争已经夺去了 30,000 名美国人和超过 100 万越南人的生命。
And destroyed one President.
并摧毁了一位总统。
Nixon was determined not to let it destroy him.
尼克松决心不让它毁了他。
Even before his inauguration, Nixon had Kissinger began secret contacts with the North Vietnamese in an attempt to move the stalled Paris peace talks forward and soon, the two men developed a strategy they hoped would get the U.S. out of the war without abandoning America's ally, South Vietnam.
甚至在就职之前，尼克松就让基辛格开始与北越进行秘密接触，试图推动陷入僵局的巴黎和谈取得进展。很快，两人制定了一项战略，他们希望在不放弃美国盟友南越的情况下让美国退出战争。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: We have adopted a plan which we have worked out in cooperation with the South Vietnamese for the complete withdrawal of all U.S. combat ground forces and their replacement by South Vietnamese forces on an orderly, scheduled timetable.
尼克松：我们已经通过了一项与南越合作制定的计划，要求按照有序、预定的时间表完全撤出所有美国地面作战部队，并由南越军队取而代之。
This withdrawal will be made form strength.
这种撤退将通过实力来实现。
Confident that this policy would end America's involvement in Southeast Asia by the end of 1970, Nixon and Kissinger turned their attention to global strategy, reshaping America's entire relationship with the Communist world.
尼克松和基辛格坚信这一政策将在 1970 年底结束美国对东南亚的介入，因此他们将注意力转向全球战略，重塑了美国与共产主义世界的整个关系。
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: And they both began, in 1969-1970, with a notion that only lately has become fashionable in Washington and that is that the post-war is really over, that the cold war ought to be a thing of the past.
罗杰·莫里斯先生，尼克松传记作者：他们在 1969 年至 1970 年开始时都抱有一种观念，直到最近才在华盛顿流行起来，那就是战后真的结束了，冷战应该成为过去。
They are, in that sense, almost 20 years ahead of their time.
从这个意义上说，他们比时代领先了近 20 年。
Recognizing that the Soviet Union had nearly caught up to the U.S. in nuclear strength, Nixon and Kissinger dispatched a team of negotiators to work out a treaty with the Soviets.
尼克松和基辛格认识到苏联的核力量几乎已经赶上美国，于是派遣了一个谈判小组与苏联签订一项条约。
For the first time in the history of the nuclear age, the two superpowers sat down to discuss setting limits on nuclear weapons.
核时代历史上，这两个超级大国首次坐下来讨论限制核武器。
At the same time, they began secret contacts with the other great Communist power, China.
与此同时，他们开始与另一个共产主义大国中国进行秘密接触。
There were few more forbidding and isolated places in the world in 1969, but Nixon believed that China, with its vast population and growing nuclear arsenal, would soon be too powerful to ignore.
1969 年，世界上很少有比这更险恶和偏僻的地方了，但尼克松相信，拥有庞大人口和不断增长的核武库的中国很快就会变得强大到不容忽视。
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: Here, for the first time in the 20th century, we have two men at the very pinnacle of the American government who have some clear notion, not only of what the world is doing out there, what's happening in the world, but of where they want the United States to fit in.
尼克松传记作者罗杰·莫里斯先生：20世纪第一次，我们有两位处于美国政府最高层的人，他们不仅对世界正在做什么、正在发生什么，而且对他们希望美国融入其中有一些清晰的认识。
We are not a nation that practices its foreign policy by design, for the most part and Nixon and Kissinger are an exception to that rule.
在大多数情况下，我们不是一个有意实施外交政策的国家，尼克松和基辛格是这一规则的例外。
In the summer of 1969, Nixon announced the first American troop withdrawals from Vietnam.
1969年夏天，尼克松宣布美国首次从越南撤军。
Arms control, China, Southeast Asia.
Arms control, China, Southeast Asia.
He seemed to be moving steadily toward becoming a peacemaker.
他似乎正朝着成为一名和平缔造者的方向稳步前进。
Richard Nixon loved the movie Patton and watched it again and again in the White House.
理查德·尼克松很喜欢这部电影《巴顿将军》，并在白宫反复观看。
General George Patton was a man of action, contemptuous of his critics, uncompromising, determined to win at all costs.
乔治·巴顿将军是一位实干家，蔑视批评他的人，毫不妥协，决心不惜一切代价赢得胜利。
Mr. SCOTT: Be seated.
斯科特先生：请坐下。
Now, I want you to remember Americans love a winner and will not tolerate a loser.
现在，我希望你们记住，美国人喜欢胜利者，不会容忍失败者。
Americans play to win all the time and I wouldn't give a hoot in hell for a man who lost and laughed.
美国人一直都是为了胜利而打球，对于一个输了还笑的人我一点也不在乎。
That's why Americans have never lost and will never lose a war because the very thought of losing is hateful to Americans.
这就是为什么美国人从来没有、也永远不会输掉一场战争，因为失败的想法对美国人来说是可恨的。
Richard Nixon was determined not to be the first American President to lose a war.
理查德·尼克松决心不成为第一个输掉战争的美国总统。
He might simply have brought the troops home and blamed Vietnam on the Democrats, but Nixon, like many of his contemporaries in both parties, believed that abandoning South Vietnam to the Communists would be a defeat that invited further aggression, a sign that America could no longer be counted on by her allies.
他可能只是把军队带回家，并将越南问题归咎于民主党，但尼克松和他同时代的两党人士一样，认为将南越交给共产党将是一场失败，招致进一步的侵略，这表明美国的盟友不再能够依赖美国。
Despite mounting pressure for immediate withdrawal, he stuck to his gradual course, while trying to negotiate what he called "an honorable end" to the war.
尽管要求立即撤军的压力越来越大，他仍坚持循序渐进的方针，同时试图通过谈判达成他所谓的“光荣结束”战争的目标。
But the months dragged on.
But the months dragged on.
Casualties mounted and Nixon's policy seemed only to prolong America's agony.
伤亡人数不断增加，而尼克松的政策似乎只会延长美国的痛苦。
DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, Assistant to the President for Urban Affairs: And I said, with respect to Vietnam, I said, "The war in Vietnam is lost and the sooner you get out, the better we will be." It was lost, but they-- he, for some reason, kept at it.
丹尼尔·帕特里克·莫伊尼汉，总统城市事务助理：我说过，关于越南，我说，“越南战争已经失败，你越早退出，我们就会越好。”它失去了，但他们——他，出于某种原因，坚持了下来。
It wasn't his war and it seemed to me that just him handling a presidency, you stick around with a war for two years and it's your war.
这不是他的战争，在我看来，只有他担任总统，你坚持一场战争两年，这是你的战争。
And it became his war.
这成了他的战争。
And in the end, half the country seemed to think he started it.
最后，半个国家似乎都认为是他发起的。
In October 1969, the largest anti-war demonstrations in the nation's history, collectively known as "the moratorium," were held in cities all over the country.
1969年10月，全国各地城市举行了美国历史上最大规模的反战示威活动，统称为“暂停示威”。
Critics of the war had waited nine months for Nixon to make good his pledge to end the conflict, but now, the honeymoon was over.
战争批评者等了九个月才等到尼克松兑现结束冲突的承诺，但现在，蜜月已经结束了。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I understand that there has been and continues to be opposition to the war in Vietnam on the campuses and also in the nation.
尼克松：据我了解，校园和全国范围内一直存在并将继续存在反对越南战争的声音。
As far as this kind of activity is concerned, we expect it.
对于这样的活动，我们是期待的。
However, under no circumstances will I be affected whatever by it.
然而，在任何情况下我都不会受到它的影响。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: The moratorium itself was seen by Richard Nixon as 200,000 people out there on the Mall, protesting his foreign policy while at the same time, the polls were showing that 58-59 percent of the American people supported him in his foreign policy.
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：理查德·尼克松认为，暂停令本身就是 20 万人在广场上抗议他的外交政策，而与此同时，民意调查显示 58-59% 的美国人民支持他的外交政策。
And he would look out the window and he would say, "I simply cannot permit foreign policy to be made in the streets of Washington."
他会看着窗外说：“我根本不能允许在华盛顿街头制定外交政策。”
DICK GREGORY, Comedian, Vietnam War Protester: The President of the United States said nothing you young kids would do would have any effect on him.
迪克·格雷戈里（DICK GREGORY），喜剧演员、越南战争抗议者：美国总统说过，你们这些小孩子所做的任何事情都不会对他产生任何影响。
Well, I suggest to the President of the United States, if he want [sic] to know how much effect you youngsters can have on the President, he should make one long-distance phone call to the LBJ Ranch and ask that boy how much effect you can have.
嗯，我建议美国总统，如果他想知道你们这些年轻人对总统能有多大影响，他应该给林登·约翰逊牧场打一个长途电话，问问那个男孩，你们能有多大影响。
The fate of Lyndon Johnson did haunt Richard Nixon.
林登·约翰逊的命运确实困扰着理查德·尼克松。
He felt he had to demonstrate that most Americans still supported him and that it would not benefit Hanoi to stall peace negotiations.
他觉得他必须证明大多数美国人仍然支持他，并且拖延和平谈判不会给河内带来好处。
"Don't get rattled.
“别惊慌。
Don't waver.
不要动摇。
Don't react," he told himself as he went to work on a speech to respond to the protests.
不要做出反应，”他在准备发表回应抗议活动的演讲时告诉自己。
Insisting on writing it himself, he distinguished his supporters, "the forgotten Americans," from the vocal minority in the streets, with a new catch phrase.
他坚持自己写这本书，并用一个新的口号将他的支持者——“被遗忘的美国人”与街头敢于发声的少数派区别开来。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [November 3, 1969] To you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans, I ask for your support, for the more divided we are at home, the less likely the enemy is to negotiate at Paris.
尼克松：[1969 年 11 月 3 日] 对于你们，我的美国同胞中沉默的大多数，我请求你们的支持，因为我们国内的分歧越大，敌人就越不可能在巴黎进行谈判。
Let us be united for peace.
让我们为了和平而团结起来。
Let us also be united against defeat because let us understand: North Vietnam cannot defeat or humiliate the United States.
让我们也团结起来反对失败，因为让我们明白：北越无法击败或羞辱美国。
Only Americans can do that.
只有美国人才能做到这一点。
It was the most effective speech of Nixon's presidency.
这是尼克松总统任期内最有效的一次演讲。
Eighty thousand telegrams and letters arrived at the White House.
八万封电报和信件抵达白宫。
Nearly all supported him.
几乎所有人都支持他。
His approval rating soared.
His approval rating soared.
But the war continued and with it, the protests.
But the war continued and with it, the protests.
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: I think Richard Nixon came to office expecting, if not a quick fix in Vietnam, expecting a kind of responsiveness in the war.
罗杰·莫里斯先生，尼克松传记作者：我认为理查德·尼克松上任时就期望，即使不是越南问题的快速解决方案，也期望在战争中做出某种反应。
He had made certain speeches, he had offered certain gestures, he had proffered, both secretly and publicly, what he thought were promising initiatives in negotiations.
他发表了某些演讲，他提出了某些姿态，他秘密和公开地提出了他认为有希望的谈判倡议。
None of that had yielded anything.
None of that had yielded anything.
There was a palpable sense of frustration in the Administration about how long this war was going to drag on.
政府对这场战争将持续多久感到明显的挫败感。
Out of the Oval Office began to flood memoranda that were stream-of-consciousness renditions of the President's fears and ambitions in Southeast Asia.
椭圆形办公室开始涌出大量备忘录，这些备忘录意识流地再现了总统对东南亚的恐惧和野心。
His image of this whole contest as a kind of challenge being issued not only by the parties on the ground -- by the Cambodian rebels and the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong -- but ultimately by more formidable and distant forces -- the Soviet Union, by China, by his enemies -- testing him, measuring his mettle as a man and as a leader.
他将整个竞争视为一种挑战，不仅是由当地各方——柬埔寨叛军、北越和越共——发出的，而且最终是由更强大、更遥远的力量——苏联、中国、他的敌人——发出的，考验着他，衡量着他作为一个人和一个领导者的勇气。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: He took me aside and he said, "I'm going to be out of the play for ten days here.
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：他把我拉到一边说：“我要在这里缺席十天。
I won't be able to handle any domestic decisions for ten days.
十天内我将无法处理任何国内决定。
So come back this afternoon and tell me all the things that need to be decided for the next ten days and then I won't be able to see you because I'm going to be focusing on this business of Vietnam.
所以今天下午回来告诉我接下来十天需要决定的所有事情，然后我就不能见你了，因为我要专注于越南的生意。
We're going to try and bring it to a head."
We're going to try and bring it to a head."
At the Pentagon, Defense Secretary Laird waited for the President.
在五角大楼，国防部长莱尔德正在等待总统。
After days of tense deliberation, Nixon was about to announce an attack on enemy sanctuaries across the Vietnam border in Cambodia and he would do so over the objections of many White House advisers.
经过几天的紧张审议，尼克松即将宣布对越南边境柬埔寨境内的敌人避难所发动袭击，但他不顾许多白宫顾问的反对而这样做了。
Mr. ROGER MORRIS, Nixon Biographer: We thought the invasion was a bad idea and that it was one more round of escalation on the pattern, on an old pattern in Vietnam which would cost lives and national treasure and really only prolong the suffering and do nothing to affect the larger outcome of the war.
罗杰·莫里斯先生，尼克松传记作者：我们认为入侵是一个坏主意，它是越南旧模式的又一轮升级，这会造成生命和国家财富的损失，实际上只会延长痛苦，对战争的更大结果没有任何影响。
But the military and Kissinger recommended the action and Nixon wanted to go ahead.
但军方和基辛格建议采取这一行动，尼克松也想继续实施。
He was convinced that destroying the North Vietnamese hiding places in Cambodia would relieve Communist pressure on the South.
他坚信摧毁北越在柬埔寨的藏身之处将减轻共产党对南方的压力。
And he wanted to take some dramatic action to demonstrate that neither Hanoi nor the anti-war movement could intimidate the United States or its President.
他想采取一些戏剧性的行动来证明河内和反战运动都无法恐吓美国或其总统。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [April 30, 1970] If, when the chips are down, the world's most powerful nation, the United States of America, acts like a pitiful, helpless giant, the forces of totalitarianism and anarchy will threaten free nations and free institutions throughout the world.
尼克松：[1970 年 4 月 30 日]如果在危急时刻，世界上最强大的国家美利坚合众国表现得像一个可怜无助的巨人，那么极权主义和无政府主义的力量将威胁到全世界的自由国家和自由机构。
It is not our power, but our will and character that is being tested tonight.
今晚考验的不是我们的力量，而是我们的意志和品格。
As Nixon spoke, American troops moved into Cambodia.
尼克松讲话时，美国军队开进柬埔寨。
His critics were outraged.
His critics were outraged.
The President who had promised to end the war seemed to be widening it, moving into a country perceived as neutral.
承诺结束战争的总统似乎正在扩大战争范围，进入一个被视为中立的国家。
Three members of Kissinger's staff, including Roger Morris, resigned in protest.
包括罗杰·莫里斯在内的基辛格的三名幕僚辞职以示抗议。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I would rather be a one-term President and do what I believed was right than to be a two-term President at the cost of seeing American become a second-rate power and to see this nation accept the first defeat in its proud 190-year history.
尼克松：我宁愿当一届总统，做我认为正确的事情，也不愿当两届总统，代价是看到美国成为二流强国，并看到这个国家接受其自豪的 190 年历史上的第一次失败。
Early the next morning, Nixon went to the Pentagon for a firsthand briefing.
第二天一早，尼克松前往五角大楼听取第一手情况通报。
The military was reporting success.
The military was reporting success.
Nixon was encouraged and praised American soldiers fighting in the jungles of Southeast Asia.
尼克松深受鼓舞，赞扬了在东南亚丛林中作战的美国士兵。
The wife of one of those soldiers reached out to shake his hand.
其中一名士兵的妻子伸出手来与他握手。
Nixon drew a sharp contrast between the troops in Vietnam and the student protesters at home.
尼克松将越南的军队与国内的学生抗议者进行了鲜明对比。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: You know, you see these bums, you know, blowing up the campuses.
尼克松：你知道，你看到这些流浪汉炸毁了校园。
Listen, the boys that are on the college campuses today are the luckiest people in the world and here they are, burning up the books, I mean, storming around about this issue, I mean, you name it.
听着，今天大学校园里的男孩是世界上最幸运的人，他们在这里烧毁书籍，我的意思是，在这个问题上咆哮，我的意思是，你能想到的。
Get rid of the war, there'll be another one.
战争结束了，还会有另一场战争。
Nixon's remarks further infuriated students already protesting over Cambodia.
尼克松的言论进一步激怒了已经就柬埔寨问题进行抗议的学生。
After three tense days of demonstrations at Kent State University in Ohio, nervous National Guardsmen opened fire.
在俄亥俄州肯特州立大学举行了三天紧张的示威活动后，紧张的国民警卫队士兵开枪了。
Four students were killed.
四名学生被杀。
"My child was not a bum," said the father of one dead girl.
“我的孩子不是流浪汉，”一名死去女孩的父亲说。
American campuses exploded.
美国校园爆炸了。
Hundreds of colleges and universities closed down.
数百所学院和大学关闭。
Governors in 16 states called out the police and National Guard.
16 个州的州长出动了警察和国民警卫队。
Nixon's supporters took to the streets as well.
Nixon's supporters took to the streets as well.
At New York's City Hall, construction workers struggled to raise the flag which the mayor had lowered to honor the dead at Kent State.
在纽约市政厅，建筑工人奋力升起市长为纪念肯特州立大学死难者而降下的旗帜。
Nixon's move into Cambodia and his dividing of Americans into bums and heroes had set off a national firestorm.
尼克松进军柬埔寨并将美国人分为流浪汉和英雄，引发了一场全国性的风暴。
Angry protesters returned to Washington.
愤怒的抗议者返回华盛顿。
As tensions rose, the Secret Service ringed the White House with a barricade of buses.
随着紧张局势加剧，特勤局用巴士包围了白宫。
CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President: It was like living in a bunker in the White House.
总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森：就像住在白宫的地堡里一样。
I mean, we'd look out in the streets and see thousands of people protesting.
我的意思是，我们在街上放眼望去，会看到成千上万的人在抗议。
You literally were afraid for your life.
你确实担心自己的生命安全。
There were times when I can remember saying, "I can't believe this is the United States of America, a free country," and here we are in the White House with barricades up and buses around the White House and tear gas going off and thousands, hundreds of thousands of protesters out in the streets and troops sitting here.
我记得有几次我说，“我不敢相信这是美利坚合众国，一个自由的国家”，而我们现在在白宫，路障竖起，白宫周围有公共汽车，催泪瓦斯响起，成千上万的抗议者走上街头，军队坐在这里。
An embattled Nixon faced the press, as anti-war demonstrators continued to flock to Washington.
当反战示威者继续涌向华盛顿时，四面楚歌的尼克松面对媒体。
HERB KAPLOW, Reporter: [White House press conference] What do you think the students are trying to say in these demonstrations?
记者赫伯·卡普洛：[白宫新闻发布会]你认为学生们在这些示威活动中想表达什么？
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: They're trying to say that they want peace.
尼克松：他们试图表达他们想要和平。
They're trying to say that they want to stop the killing.
他们试图表达他们想要阻止杀戮。
They're trying to say that they want to end the draft.
他们试图表示他们想结束选秀。
They're trying to say that we ought to get out of Vietnam.
他们试图说我们应该离开越南。
I agree with everything that they're trying to accomplish.
我同意他们试图实现的一切。
I believe, however, that the decisions that I have made will serve that purpose.
然而，我相信我所做的决定将服务于这个目的。
That night, protesters circled the White House with chants and candles.
那天晚上，抗议者高喊口号并举着蜡烛围绕着白宫。
Inside, a sleepless Nixon made more than 40 phone calls to friends and supporters around the country.
在里面，彻夜难眠的尼克松给全国各地的朋友和支持者打了 40 多个电话。
Near dawn, he called for a car and asked to be driven to the Lincoln Memorial, where protesters had gathered.
黎明时分，他叫了一辆车，要求开车去抗议者聚集的林肯纪念堂。
White House aide Egil Krogh followed him.
白宫助手埃吉尔·克罗紧随其后。
EGIL KROGH Jr., White House Aide: It was-- I guess it was almost a surreal atmosphere.
白宫助手小埃吉尔·克罗格（EGIL KROGH Jr.）：我想这几乎是一种超现实的气氛。
It was almost like dreamlike, "Is this really happening?" Walking up the stairs of the Lincoln Memorial and there was the President, sort of standing in the middle of a group of young people who were wearing combat fatigues with peace symbols and bandannas and all of the clothing of the 60s and the 70s and trying very hard to communicate to them.
就像做梦一样，“这真的发生了吗？”走上林肯纪念堂的楼梯，总统站在一群年轻人中间，他们穿着带有和平标志的作战服，戴着头巾，穿着所有 60 年代和 70 年代的服装，努力与他们沟通。
LAUREE MOSS, Student Protester: I think I said, "Well, what are you going to do about the Kent State killings?
学生抗议者劳丽·莫斯（LAUREE MOSS）：我想我是说，“好吧，你打算对肯特州立大学的杀戮采取什么行动？
What are you going to do about the war?" He said, "I'm really not here to talk about that right now.
面对战争，你打算做什么？”他说：“我现在真的不是来谈论这个的。
We're trying to handle things." So it was a one-way, you know, conversation or a one-way street.
我们正在努力处理事情。”所以这是一场单向的对话或者单向的街道。
Yeah, because he was there, trying to be very conversational and casual, and we were there, outraged and angry and scared.
是的，因为他在那里，试图表现得非常健谈和随意，而我们在那里，感到愤怒、愤怒和害怕。
Mr. EGIL KROGH Jr., White House Aide: One student basically told him, he said, "I hope that you realize that we are willing to die for what we believe in." And I think-- as I recall, the President's response was, "Well, I understand that, but we're trying to build a world where people will not have to die for what they believe in."
白宫助手小埃吉尔·克罗格先生：一位学生基本上告诉他，他说，“我希望你意识到，我们愿意为我们的信仰而死。”我想——正如我所记得的那样，总统的回应是，“嗯，我理解这一点，但我们正在努力建立一个人们不必为他们的信仰而牺牲的世界。”
When he appeared as the guest of honor at a Billy Graham crusade in Tennessee, Nixon had been in office 16 months.
当尼克松作为贵宾出现在田纳西州的比利·格雷厄姆十字军东征时，他已经上任 16 个月了。
A majority of Americans still backed his Vietnam policy, but the furor over Cambodia had deepened the divisions Nixon had promised to mend.
大多数美国人仍然支持他的越南政策，但对柬埔寨的愤怒加深了尼克松承诺弥合的分歧。
Even here, surrounded by thousands who supported him, the President could not escape the ceaseless storm of protest.
即使在这里，周围有数千名支持他的人，总统也无法逃脱无休无止的抗议风暴。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [Billy Graham crusade] And if we're going to bring people together, as we must bring them together, if we're going to have peace in the world, if our young people are going to have a fulfillment beyond simply those material things, they must turn to those great spiritual sources that have made America the great country that it is.
尼克松：[比利·格雷厄姆的十字军东征]如果我们要把人们团结在一起，如果我们要把他们团结在一起，如果我们要在世界上实现和平，如果我们的年轻人要获得超越物质的满足，他们就必须转向那些使美国成为伟大国家的伟大精神源泉。
I'm proud to be here and I'm very proud to have your warm reception.
我很荣幸来到这里，也很荣幸得到你们的热情接待。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
Throughout the next year, Nixon continued to try to rally his supporters, while denouncing his opponents, calling some among the protesters "thugs and hoodlums," blaming his critics in Congress and the press for failing to support the war.
在接下来的一年里，尼克松继续试图团结他的支持者，同时谴责他的对手，称抗议者中的一些人为“暴徒和流氓”，指责国会和媒体的批评者未能支持战争。
All U.S. troops left Cambodia by the end of June, as Nixon had promised.
正如尼克松所承诺的那样，所有美军将在六月底前撤离柬埔寨。
He insisted that the military action which had caused such turmoil had eased the pressure on the troops in Vietnam.
他坚称，造成如此动荡的军事行动缓解了驻越部队的压力。
Withdrawals continued on schedule, but more American lives had been lost.
撤军继续按计划进行，但更多美国人丧生。
There was no break-through in the peace talks.
和谈没有取得突破。
And in the White House, an increasingly frustrated and suspicious Nixon urged intensified surveillance of the anti-war movement.
在白宫，越来越沮丧和怀疑的尼克松敦促加强对反战运动的监视。
He grew distrustful even of his closest advisers and installed hidden microphones in his own office, in part so that his aides could not later claim to have disagreed with his decisions.
他甚至对他最亲密的顾问也产生了不信任，并在自己的办公室安装了隐藏的麦克风，部分原因是他的助手以后不能声称不同意他的决定。
But the taping system would eventually trap the President himself.
但录音系统最终将总统本人困住。
On June 12, 1971, the White House staff prepared for a wedding in the Rose Garden.
1971年6月12日，白宫工作人员在玫瑰园准备婚礼。
The President's elder daughter, Tricia, was to be married to a young law student, Edward Cox.
总统的大女儿特里西娅将嫁给年轻的法律系学生爱德华·考克斯。
Rain threatened the ceremony and Nixon spent much of the afternoon on the phone to Air Force weathermen.
下雨威胁了仪式，尼克松下午的大部分时间都在给空军气象员打电话。
Finally, there was a prediction of a 15-minute break in the weather.
最后，预计天气将有 15 分钟的休息时间。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I got to get dressed.
尼克松：我得穿好衣服了。
You know, I got to get-- let's see, all my things, my hair done.
你知道，我必须——让我们看看，我所有的东西，我的头发。
ART LINKLETTER, TV Personality: [at wedding reception] I saw the President more relaxed and more happy and more like a typical American father than I've seen him in a long, long time.
艺术连线，电视名人：[在婚宴上]我看到总统比我很长一段时间以来看到的更加轻松、更加快乐，更像一位典型的美国父亲。
5th REPORTER: He looked like he was doing a great job out on the dance floor, too.
第五位记者：他看起来在舞池里也表现得很好。
Mr. LINKLETTER: Yes.
林克莱特先生：是的。
And he doesn't dance all that often, you know.
你知道，他不经常跳舞。
"It was a day that all of us will remember," Nixon later wrote, "because we were beautifully and simply happy." The next morning, Nixon picked up The New York Times .
“这是我们所有人都会记住的一天，”尼克松后来写道，“因为我们美丽而快乐。”第二天早上，尼克松拿起《纽约时报》。
In the left corner was an account of Tricia's wedding.
左角记载了特里西娅的婚礼。
Across the page was another headline, the first installment of what came to be called the "Pentagon Papers," a secret Defense Department study which revealed past government deception about the war in Vietnam.
整个页面上还有另一个标题，即后来被称为“五角大楼文件”的第一部分，这是国防部的一项秘密研究，揭露了政府过去对越南战争的欺骗行为。
Daniel Ellsberg, a former Defense Department employee who had turned against the war, had given the top secret documents to the press.
丹尼尔·埃尔斯伯格（Daniel Ellsberg）是一名反对战争的前国防部雇员，他向媒体提供了绝密文件。
DANIEL ELLSBERG, former Defense Department Employee: I can no longer cooperate in concealing this information from the American public.
丹尼尔·埃尔斯伯格，前国防部雇员：我不能再合作向美国公众隐瞒这一信息。
Although the Pentagon Papers contained nothing about the Nixon policy in Vietnam, it was a leak of enormous magnitude.
尽管五角大楼文件中没有任何有关尼克松越南政策的内容，但这却是一次规模巨大的泄密事件。
The President and Henry Kissinger saw it as a disturbing precedent and a threat to there secret diplomacy.
总统和亨利·基辛格认为这是一个令人不安的先例，也是对秘密外交的威胁。
MR. CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President : There was panic in the White House and I remember being in meetings with Henry Kissinger that day, in which he said, "This could cause the collapse of American foreign policy.
先生。总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森：白宫一片恐慌，我记得那天与亨利·基辛格会面时，他说：“这可能会导致美国外交政策的崩溃。
This could undermine our initiatives with China and the Soviet Union." And don't forget that, at that time, people did not know that we were negotiating secretly with the Chinese.
这可能会破坏我们与中国和苏联的倡议。”不要忘记，当时人们并不知道我们正在与中国人秘密谈判。
They did not also know that we were conducting secret negotiations with the North Vietnamese to end the war in Vietnam.
他们也不知道我们正在与北越进行秘密谈判以结束越南战争。
And so, a lot of things were going on that we knew, but the public didn't.
因此，发生了很多我们知道但公众不知道的事情。
Just five weeks later, the Times published another leak, this one potentially damaging to Nixon's foreign policy.
仅仅五周后，《泰晤士报》又发布了一份泄密事件，这可能会损害尼克松的外交政策。
It revealed U.S. negotiating tactics in upcoming arms talks with the Soviets and it seemed to confirm Nixon's worst fears about the press.
它揭示了美国在即将与苏联进行的军备谈判中的谈判策略，似乎证实了尼克松对媒体最担心的事情。
Mr. EGIL KROGH Jr., White House Aide: I had seen him angry in meetings in the past, but I had never experienced this kind of fury, where he was basically walking around the room, slamming his fist in his hand, saying that, "This cannot be tolerated, we cannot let this go on."
白宫助理埃吉尔·克罗格先生：我过去在会议上见过他生气，但我从未经历过这种愤怒，他基本上在房间里走来走去，握着拳头说：“这是不能容忍的，我们不能让这种情况继续下去。”
Mr. CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President : Nixon became obsessive about the press coverage.
总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森先生：尼克松对新闻报道非常着迷。
We had a daily news summary that was prepared by a young man in the White House.
我们有一份每日新闻摘要，是由白宫的一位年轻人准备的。
By the time I got to the White House, the President had already read it and had marked on the columns, "John Chancellor last night said this.
当我到达白宫时，总统已经读过它，并在栏目上标记：“约翰·财政大臣昨晚说过这句话。
Respond today.
今天回应一下。
Call up so-and-so.
打电话给某某。
Look at this.
看看这个。
You can't trust these people.
你不能相信这些人。
Newsweek has done it to us again." I'd get Nixon's news summary with all these comments down the side.
《新闻周刊》又对我们这么做了。”我会得到尼克松的新闻摘要以及所有这些评论。
And so, you had the idea when you went to work in the morning, you were going to war with the press.
所以，当你早上去上班时，你就有了一个想法，你要与媒体交战。
A sense of being under siege pervaded the White House, fueled by the leaks, the constant anti-war demonstrations and intensifying criticism in the press.
泄密事件、持续不断的反战示威和媒体日益激烈的批评加剧了白宫弥漫的一种被围困的感觉。
In this atmosphere of "us versus them," Colson's office began an ever-expanding list of Nixon's critics, the "enemies list."
在这种“我们对抗他们”的氛围中，科尔森的办公室开始了一份不断扩大的尼克松批评者名单，即“敌人名单”。
Its object was to "screw our political enemies." Reporters and politicians, educators and entertainers were barred from the White House.
其目的是“让我们的政治敌人操蛋”。记者、政治家、教育家和演艺人员被禁止进入白宫。
Some were targeted for tax audits, others were trailed by private detectives.
其中一些成为税务审计的目标，另一些则受到私家侦探的追踪。
Mr. CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President: And it was very shortly thereafter that Nixon authorized the "plumbers" and the creation of a special group to stop leaks and they began to take extra-legal steps and put into motion the mechanism which ultimately resulted in the downfall of the Administration.
总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森先生：此后不久，尼克松授权“水管工”并成立了一个特别小组来阻止泄密，他们开始采取法外措施并启动最终导致政府垮台的机制。
In a White House memo regarding the "neutralization" of Daniel Ellsberg, the plumbers discussed how they might "destroy his public image and credibility." In search of damaging information about Ellsberg's private life, they arranged a break-in at the office of his psychiatrist.
在一份关于丹尼尔·埃尔斯伯格“中立化”的白宫备忘录中，水管工们讨论了他们可能如何“破坏他的公众形象和信誉”。为了寻找有关艾尔斯伯格私生活的破坏性信息，他们安排闯入他的精神科医生的办公室。
Mr. EGIL KROGH Jr., White House Aide: They apparently broke a window on the way in and, realizing that it could no longer be viewed as a covert operation, changed courses and decided to make it look as if it had been entered by a burglar looking for drugs or some other substances.
白宫助手小埃吉尔·克罗格先生：他们显然是在进来的时候打破了一扇窗户，并意识到这不再被视为秘密行动，因此改变了路线，并决定让它看起来像是一个窃贼进入这里寻找毒品或其他物质。
Basically, they smashed up the office, took pictures of the damage.
基本上，他们砸毁了办公室，拍下了受损情况的照片。
I was shocked at these pictures, went to see John Ehrlichman and he was, if anything, more shocked than I was and said, "Shut it down as of now."
我对这些照片感到震惊，然后去见约翰·埃利希曼，他比我更震惊，并说：“从现在起就将其关闭。”
The plumbers were eventually disbanded, but some of the agents were reassigned to work behind the scenes for the newly-formed Committee to Re-Elect the President.
水管工最终被解散，但一些特工被重新分配到新成立的总统连任委员会的幕后工作。
Reelection had become Nixon's consuming concern.
连任已成为尼克松最关心的问题。
From the first day of his presidency, he had fought to hold onto his silent majority and had shaped his domestic policies, in part, to win their votes.
从就任总统的第一天起，他就一直在努力保住沉默的多数，并制定自己的国内政策，部分原因是为了赢得他们的选票。
But those voters were slipping away.
但那些选民正在流失。
Unemployment and inflation were up, racial divisions had deepened and still, week after week, the dead came home from Vietnam.
失业率和通货膨胀上升，种族分歧加深，但一周又一周，死者从越南回家。
Nixon's popularity had fallen so low that he had begun to fear he would not even be renominated in 1972.
尼克松的支持率已经跌得如此之低，以至于他开始担心自己甚至不会在 1972 年获得连任提名。
11th NEWSCASTER: Good evening.
11号新闻播音员：晚上好。
The 37th President of the United States, Richard M.
美国第 37 任总统理查德·M.
Nixon, is in China, the first American chief executive ever to visit the world's most populous country.
尼克松正在中国，他是第一位访问这个世界上人口最多的国家的美国总统。
On February 18, 1972, Richard Nixon began still another remarkable comeback, with a stunning foreign policy success.
1972 年 2 月 18 日，理查德·尼克松开始了又一次非凡的东山再起，在外交政策上取得了惊人的成功。
12th NEWSCASTER: President Nixon's motorcade is now sweeping toward the City of Peking.
十二号新闻播音员：尼克松总统的车队正在向北京城进发。
13th NEWSCASTER: Here comes the motorcade now, as you see.
13 号新闻播音员：正如你所见，车队现在来了。
The world watched as Richard Nixon drove through a city that few outsiders had seen for nearly a quarter of a century.
全世界都注视着理查德·尼克松开车穿过一座近四分之一个世纪以来很少有外人见过的城市。
"He knew," said The New York Times , "that for this journey, no matter what else occurred, he would always be remembered." That afternoon, Nixon was abruptly summoned to see Mao Tse Tung.
“他知道，”《纽约时报》说，“对于这次旅程，无论发生什么，人们都会永远记住他。”当天下午，尼克松突然被传唤去见毛泽东。
American television was unaware of the meeting.
美国电视台不知道这次会议。
The only coverage was by Chinese cameramen with black-and-white film.
唯一的报道是中国摄影师用黑白胶片进行的。
This encounter between Nixon, the career anti-Communist, and Chairman Mao, the leader of the largest Communist revolutionary movement in history, shocked Nixon's old conservative allies.
职业反共人士尼克松与历史上最大的共产主义革命运动领导人毛主席之间的这次相遇震惊了尼克松的老保守派盟友。
They accused him of surrendering to international Communism.
他们指责他向国际共产主义投降。
But for Nixon, it was all part of his global strategy.
但对于尼克松来说，这都是他全球战略的一部分。
By visiting China, he was beginning to exploit the divisions in the Communist world.
通过访问中国，他开始利用共产主义世界的分歧。
WINSTON LORD, Kissinger Aide: One of Nixon's primary objectives in opening up with China was to give him more leverage with the Soviet Union.
温斯顿·洛德（基辛格助手）：尼克松对中国开放的主要目标之一是让他对苏联有更多影响力。
These relations were essentially stalled, but soon after the opening with China, the Soviet Union became much more flexible on several fronts.
这些关系基本上陷入停滞，但在与中国开放后不久，苏联在几个方面变得更加灵活。
They agreed to a summit meeting with us in 1972 and they began to be more reasonable on various arms control issues.
他们同意在1972年与我们举行首脑会议，他们在各种军控问题上开始变得更加合理。
Mr. CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President: Nixon enjoyed the power game, probably as much as any President in modern times.
总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森先生：尼克松可能和现代任何一位总统一样喜欢权力游戏。
He played it very hard and very cleverly and very carefully on the world scene.
他在世界舞台上演奏得非常努力、非常聪明、非常小心。
And he was always thinking strategically and that's one of the qualities that someone has to have in foreign policy.
他总是进行战略思考，这是外交政策中必须具备的品质之一。
I mean, you cannot make decisions in foreign policy based on today's circumstance.
我的意思是，你不能根据今天的情况来决定外交政策。
You've got to think about its ramifications for 5, 10, 15, 20 years down the road.
你必须考虑它对未来 5 年、10 年、15 年、20 年的影响。
And its' like a chess player.
它就像一个国际象棋棋手。
You're anticipating six moves ahead if you're a good chess player.
如果您是一名优秀的国际象棋棋手，那么您预计将领先六步。
In the spring of 1972, the North Vietnamese suddenly launched a massive offensive.
1972年春，北越突然发起大规模进攻。
South Vietnam's forces were overwhelmed.
南越军队被压垮了。
Thousands fled.
数千人逃离。
If the offensive were not stopped, the war would be lost and with it, Nixon feared, the presidency.
尼克松担心，如果不停止进攻，战争就会失败，总统职位也会随之失败。
But if he ordered a U.S. counterattack, the Soviets might cancel the upcoming arms control summit in Moscow, a vital part of Nixon's grand design.
但如果他下令美国反击，苏联可能会取消即将在莫斯科举行的军备控制峰会，这是尼克松宏伟计划的重要组成部分。
Most of his advisers urged Nixon not to take any action that might jeopardize the summit.
他的大多数顾问敦促尼克松不要采取任何可能危及峰会的行动。
Once again, Nixon overruled them.
尼克松再次否决了他们的决定。
Mr. WINSTON LORD, Kissinger Aide: His view was that it would be embarrassing for him to go to Moscow without responding to the North Vietnamese aggression, that he would look weak -- he's talking to Soviet leaders who are providing arms to the North Vietnamese troops who are killing American troops -- so he didn't think the summit was worth it unless he could also show that he was strong within Vietnam itself.
温斯顿·洛德先生，基辛格助手：他的观点是，如果他去莫斯科而不对北越的侵略做出回应，那会很尴尬，他会显得很软弱——他正在与正在向杀害美国军队的北越军队提供武器的苏联领导人交谈——所以他认为这次峰会不值得，除非他也能表明他在越南内部很强大。
Nixon ordered the most drastic escalation of the war since 1968, massive sustained bombing of Hanoi and the mining of Haiphong Harbor, risking a full-scale confrontation with the Soviets by putting their supply ships in peril.
尼克松下令自 1968 年以来最剧烈的战争升级，对河内进行大规模持续轰炸，并在海防港布雷，冒着与苏联全面对抗的风险，使苏联的补给船陷入危险。
After explaining his decision to the American people, he made a direct appeal to the Kremlin.
在向美国人民解释了自己的决定后，他直接向克里姆林宫发出呼吁。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [May 8, 1972] Our two nations have made significant progress in our negotiations in recent months.
尼克松：[1972 年 5 月 8 日]近几个月来，我们两国的谈判取得了重大进展。
We are near major agreements on nuclear arms limitation, on trade, on a host of other issues.
我们即将就核武器限制、贸易和许多其他问题达成重要协议。
Let us not slide back toward the dark shadows of a previous age.
让我们不要滑回到前一个时代的黑暗阴影中。
We do not ask you to sacrifice your principles or your friends, but neither should you permit Hanoi's intransigence to blot out the prospects we together have so patiently prepared.
我们不要求你们牺牲原则或朋友，但你们也不应该允许河内的顽固态度抹杀我们共同耐心准备的前景。
Nixon's gamble paid off.
尼克松的赌博得到了回报。
The Soviets did not cancel the summit.
苏联没有取消峰会。
On May 22, 1972, Richard Nixon became the first American president ever to set foot inside the Kremlin.
1972 年 5 月 22 日，理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 成为第一位踏入克里姆林宫的美国总统。
Nixon had done what none of his predecessors had been able to do.
尼克松做到了他的前任都未能做到的事情。
He had negotiated a treaty in which the two superpowers agreed to slow an arms race that had been accelerating for more than a quarter of a century.
他谈判达成了一项条约，两个超级大国同意减缓四分之一个多世纪以来不断加速的军备竞赛。
It was his greatest achievement.
这是他最大的成就。
Two days later, five burglars working for the Committee to Re-Elect Richard Nixon entered the Watergate complex in Washington.
两天后，为理查德·尼克松连任委员会工作的五名窃贼进入华盛顿水门事件。
They broke into the office of the Democratic National Committee, placed bugs on the telephones and made their escape.
他们闯入民主党全国委员会办公室，在电话上安装窃听器，然后逃跑。
But the microphones failed to work.
但麦克风无法工作。
They would have to go back.
他们必须回去。
Nixon returned from Moscow in triumph.
尼克松从莫斯科凯旋归来。
He had almost completed the withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam, opened the door to China and signed the first nuclear arms limitation treaty since the dawn of the atomic age.
他几乎完成了美军从越南的撤军，打开了中国的大门，并签署了原子时代开始以来第一个核武器限制条约。
He had often said that all he wanted was a life with one more victory than defeat.
他常说，他想要的只是一种胜利多于失败的生活。
Now, that victory, a second term as President, seemed his for the asking.
现在，他似乎理所当然地获得了连任总统的胜利。
[June 17, 1972] Five men wearing white gloves and carrying cameras were caught early today in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in Washington.
[1972 年 6 月 17 日] 今天早些时候，五名戴着白手套、携带相机的男子在华盛顿民主党全国委员会总部被捕。
They apparently were unarmed and nobody knows yet why they were there.
他们显然没有携带武器，而且没有人知道他们为什么在那里。
But I don't think that's the last we're going to hear of this story.
但我认为这不会是我们最后一次听到这个故事。
[June 17, 1972] Five men wearing white gloves and carrying cameras were caught early today in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in Washington.
[1972 年 6 月 17 日] 今天早些时候，五名戴着白手套、携带相机的男子在华盛顿民主党全国委员会总部被捕。
They were caught by a night watchman and they did not resist arrest when the police came.
他们被守夜人抓住，警察来时他们没有拒捕。
They apparently were unarmed and nobody knows yet why they were there.
他们显然没有携带武器，而且没有人知道他们为什么在那里。
The film in the camera hadn't even been exposed.
相机里的胶卷甚至还没有曝光。
In any case, they're being held.
无论如何，他们都被拘留了。
"On Sunday morning, June 18th," Richard Nixon later wrote, "I left for Key Biscayne.
“6 月 18 日星期日早上，”理查德·尼克松后来写道，“我前往比斯坎湾。
When I got to my house, I could smell coffee brewing in the kitchen and I went in to get a cup.
当我回到家时，我闻到厨房里正在煮咖啡的味道，我就进去拿了一杯。
There was a Miami Herald on the counter and I glanced over the front page.
柜台上有一份《迈阿密先驱报》，我浏览了头版。
The main headline was about the Vietnam withdrawals.
主要标题是关于越南撤军。
There was a small story in the middle of the page on the left-hand side."
左侧页面中间有一个小故事。”
14th NEWSCASTER: The Watergate Apartment Hotel/Office Complex in Washington has a fortress-like appearance, but the burglars penetrated that security.
第 14 期新闻播音员：华盛顿的水门公寓酒店/办公大楼有着堡垒般的外观，但窃贼却突破了安全措施。
15th NEWSCASTER: Four of the men arrested were Cuban nationals now living in Miami and the fifth, James McCord, was a former FBI and CIA agent recently employed as a security aide by the Republican National Committee and the Committee to Re-Elect the President.
15号新闻播音员：被捕的四名男子是古巴国民，现居住在迈阿密，第五名男子詹姆斯·麦考德是前联邦调查局和中央情报局特工，最近受雇于共和党全国委员会和总统连任委员会担任安全助理。
Presidential press secretary Ron Ziegler today called the incident, "a third-rate burglary and nothing the President would be concerned with."
总统新闻秘书罗恩·齐格勒今天称这起事件为“三流入室盗窃案，总统不会关心”。
But the President was concerned.
但总统对此表示担忧。
On June 23rd, he met with his Chief of Staff, H.R.
6 月 23 日，他会见了他的幕僚长 H.R.
Haldeman.
霍尔德曼。
Mr. H.R.
H.R. 先生
HALDEMAN, White House Chief of Staff: [Nixon White House tape] Now, on the investigation, you know, the Democratic break-in thing, we're back to that problem area because the FBI is not under control--
霍尔德曼，白宫办公厅主任：[尼克松白宫录音]现在，在调查中，你知道，民主党闯入事件，我们回到了那个问题领域，因为联邦调查局不受控制——
To thwart the FBI investigation, Haldeman suggested that the break-in could be made to look like a CIA operation.
为了阻止联邦调查局的调查，霍尔德曼建议可以将这次闯入行为伪装成中央情报局的行动。
Mr. H.R.
H.R. 先生
HALDEMAN, White House Chief of Staff: [Nixon White House tape] And that will fit rather well because the FBI agents who are working the case, at this point, feel that's what it is.
霍尔德曼，白宫办公厅主任：[尼克松白宫录音带]这非常合适，因为正在处理此案的联邦调查局特工，在这一点上，感觉就是这样。
This is CIA.
这是中央情报局。
There is no evidence that Nixon had ordered the break-in, but his aides had.
没有证据表明尼克松下令闯入，但他的助手下令了。
The President approved the plan to divert the FBI.
总统批准了转移联邦调查局的计划。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: "Just say this is sort of a comedy of errors" -- and that they should call the FBI in and say that we wish for the country, don't go any further into this case, period.
尼克松：“只是说这是一部错误喜剧”——他们应该打电话给联邦调查局并说我们希望国家不要再进一步调查这个案件。
"I saw Watergate as politics, pure and simple," Nixon wrote in his memoirs.
“我将水门事件视为政治，纯粹而简单，”尼克松在回忆录中写道。
"We were going to play it tough.
“我们打算打得很艰难。
I never doubted that was exactly how the other side would have played it."
我从不怀疑对方会这么做。”
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: Richard Nixon pulled it into the White House.
尼克松竞选团队约翰·埃利希曼先生：理查德·尼克松把它带进了白宫。
He couldn't leave it alone.
他不能不管它。
And so, within a week after the break-in, or maybe two weeks, he had personally involved himself in the intrigue of the whole thing.
因此，在闯入事件发生后的一周内，或者可能是两周内，他亲自参与了整个事件的阴谋。
So Nixon sealed his fate six days after the break-in.
因此，尼克松在闯入事件六天后就决定了自己的命运。
Miami Beach, August 1972, two months after the Watergate break-in, a triumphant Richard Nixon took command at the Republican National Convention.
1972 年 8 月，迈阿密海滩，水门事件发生两个月后，理查德·尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 在共和党全国代表大会上大获全胜。
Narrowly elected four years earlier, Nixon now wanted to win the biggest landslide in presidential history.
四年前以微弱优势当选的尼克松现在希望赢得总统历史上最大的压倒性胜利。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [1972 Republican National Convention] Tonight, I again proudly accept your nomination for President of the United States.
尼克松：[1972 年共和党全国代表大会] 今晚，我再次自豪地接受您对美国总统的提名。
And let us pledge ourselves to win an even greater victory this November in 1972.
让我们保证在1972年的今年11月赢得更大的胜利。
Nixon's campaign amassed huge sums of money.
尼克松的竞选活动积累了巨额资金。
Skillful television ads appealed to Democrats, blue collar workers, the South.
巧妙的电视广告吸引了民主党人、蓝领工人和南方人。
Nixon had always campaigned hard for other Republicans.
尼克松一直努力为其他共和党人竞选。
Now he abandoned them, even dropped the party label.
现在他抛弃了他们，甚至丢掉了党的标签。
Richard Nixon campaigned as "the President."
理查德·尼克松以“总统”身份竞选。
As the President pursued victory, the White House continued to deny involvement in Watergate.
当总统追求胜利时，白宫继续否认参与水门事件。
A few reporters followed the story, but most voters dismissed the break-in as a campaign caper.
一些记者关注了这个故事，但大多数选民认为这次闯入事件是一场竞选活动。
Watergate never threatened Nixon's big win.
水门事件从未威胁到尼克松的重大胜利。
Nixon overwhelmed his Democratic rival, Senator George McGovern.
尼克松击败了他的民主党竞争对手、参议员乔治·麦戈文。
He carried every state but Massachusetts.
他赢得了除马萨诸塞州以外的所有州。
But his victory was not complete.
但他的胜利并不完全。
The Democratic opposition retained control of both the House and the Senate.
民主党反对派保留了众议院和参议院的控制权。
DAVID S.
大卫·S。
BRODER, Reporter, "The Washington Post": It turned out to be a lonely landslide.
布罗德，《华盛顿邮报》记者：结果是一场孤独的滑坡。
He monopolized all of the resources, all of the money, all of the political talent in the Republican Party and anything else that he could annex for his own personal victory and didn't share the wealth and the opportunity with his party.
他垄断了共和党内所有的资源、所有的金钱、所有的政治人才以及他可以为自己的个人胜利而吞并的任何其他东西，并且不与他的政党分享财富和机会。
It was an extraordinarily selfish victory, in my view.
在我看来，这是一次极其自私的胜利。
On Election night, Nixon watched the returns with two of his closest aides, Chief of Staff H.R.
选举之夜，尼克松与他最亲密的两名助手、幕僚长 H.R.
Haldeman and Special Counsel Chuck Colson.
霍尔德曼和特别检察官查克·科尔森。
Mr. CHARLES COLSON, Special Counsel to the President: And I couldn't feel any sense of jubilation.
总统特别顾问查尔斯·科尔森先生：我感觉不到任何喜庆的感觉。
It was just sort of a very depressed atmosphere in the room.
房间里的气氛非常压抑。
And here we were, supposedly winning and it was more like we'd lost.
在这里，我们本来应该赢，但实际上我们输了。
And it was more-- the attitude was kind of, "Well, we showed them, we got even with our enemies and we beat them," instead of, "We've been given a wonderful mandate to rule over the next four years." There was-- we were reduced to our petty worst on the night of what should have been our greatest triumph.
更重要的是，我们的态度是，“好吧，我们向他们展示了，我们与我们的敌人进行了报复，我们击败了他们”，而不是“我们被赋予了在未来四年进行统治的美好使命。”在我们本应取得最大胜利的那个晚上，我们却陷入了最糟糕的境地。
And that's indicative of kind of the paradox of the Nixon years.
这表明了尼克松时代的某种悖论。
"I'm at a loss to explain the melancholy that settled over me on that victorious night," Nixon later wrote.
“我无法解释那个胜利之夜笼罩着我的忧郁情绪，”尼克松后来写道。
"To some extent, the marring effects of Watergate may have played a part, to some extent, our failure to win Congress and to a greater extent, the fact that we had not been able to win the war in Vietnam.
“在某种程度上，水门事件的破坏性影响可能在某种程度上导致了我们未能赢得国会的胜利，在更大程度上导致了我们未能赢得越南战争。
Whatever the reasons, I allowed myself only a few minutes to reflect on the past.
不管出于什么原因，我只给自己几分钟的时间来反思过去。
I was confident that a new era was about to begin."
我相信一个新时代即将开始。”
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: The next morning after the election, Nixon came in the Cabinet Room.
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：选举后的第二天早上，尼克松来到了内阁会议室。
The Cabinet-- some of the White House staff were there.
内阁——一些白宫工作人员也在场。
Everybody stood and then applauded and he sat down and immediately wanted to get down to work.
每个人都起立鼓掌，他坐下来立即开始工作。
And work was, "By golly, we're going to change this government and everybody's going to give me his resignation.
工作是，“天哪，我们要改变这个政府，每个人都会向我辞职。
Bob Haldeman here will tell you what I have in mind where that's concerned.
鲍勃·霍尔德曼 (Bob Haldeman) 会告诉你我在这方面的想法。
I thank you all for your support.
我感谢大家的支持。
You did a wonderful job.
你做得很好。
I appreciate it." And he got up and left.
我很感激。”然后他就起身离开了。
And then Haldeman got up and said, "The President wants everybody's resignation."
然后霍尔德曼站起来说：“总统希望所有人辞职。”
RAY PRICE, Speechwriter: And this hit like a cold slap in the face.
演讲撰稿人雷·普赖斯：这就像打在脸上的一记冰冷的耳光。
It wasn't intended that way.
本来不是这样的。
What he wanted to do was to give his second -- have his second Administration start fresh, a fresh beginning.
他想做的是让他的第二届政府重新开始，一个新的开始。
Nixon left Washington and for the next two months remained in virtual isolation.
尼克松离开华盛顿，在接下来的两个月里几乎处于与世隔绝的状态。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: One constantly has the problem of either getting on top of the job or having the job get on top of you.
尼克松：一个人经常会遇到这样的问题：要么掌控工作，要么被工作掌控。
I find that up here on top of the mountain, it is easier for me to get on top of the job.
我发现在山顶上，我更容易胜任工作。
Mr. DAVID S.
大卫·S.先生
BRODER, Reporter, "The Washington Post": This was a period that is so Nixonian.
布罗德，《华盛顿邮报》记者：这是一个充满尼克松主义的时期。
I mean, you could just focus on that and say, "This is the essence of man." Instead of savoring the victory, instead of reaching out and embracing people, he withdrew within himself.
我的意思是，你可以专注于这一点并说：“这就是人的本质。”他没有享受胜利的滋味，没有伸出援手拥抱人们，而是退缩在自己的内心。
Alone on his mountaintop, Nixon brooded over the issue that had haunted his first term and now threatened his second: the war in Vietnam.
尼克松独自一人站在山顶，沉思着困扰他第一个任期、现在威胁到他第二个任期的问题：越南战争。
The Paris peace talks were again stalled.
巴黎和谈再次陷入僵局。
Re-elected by an overwhelming margin, he now resolved to use overwhelming force to break the deadlock once and for all.
以压倒性优势再次当选的他现在决心以压倒性的力量一劳永逸地打破僵局。
In December, Nixon ordered the most intensive bombing of the entire war.
12月，尼克松下令进行整场战争中最密集的轰炸。
It became known as the "Christmas bombing." The raids went on for 12 days.
这被称为“圣诞节爆炸”。袭击持续了12天。
Ignoring the pleas of his closest aides, Nixon gave no public explanation for his action.
尼克松无视最亲密助手的请求，没有对他的行动做出公开解释。
Mr. PRICE: He thought it was diplomatically vital that he make this look as cold an operation as possible and so he would not explain it.
普赖斯先生：他认为，让这次行动看起来尽可能冷漠，这在外交上至关重要，因此他不会对此进行解释。
He held himself apart up on the mountaintop at Camp David, knowing his silence would make it more effective.
他在戴维营的山顶上保持着自己的距离，因为他知道他的沉默会让事情变得更有效。
The New York Times denounced what it called "Nixon's Stone Age barbarism." The massive, unexplained destruction alarmed even his loyal supporters.
《纽约时报》谴责所谓的“尼克松石器时代的野蛮行径”。大规模、无法解释的破坏甚至让他的忠实支持者感到震惊。
6th REPORTER: You were quoted recently as saying that the President had taken leave of his senses.
记者第六号：最近有人引用你的话说，总统已经失去了理智。
Senator WILLIAM SAXBE,(R) Ohio: I feel that he's done things here that a reasonable man would not have done.
俄亥俄州参议员威廉·萨克斯比：我觉得他在这里做了一些正常人不会做的事情。
And I can't find an explanation for it.
我找不到对此的解释。
The bombing stopped, the controversy subsided and shortly thereafter, all sides returned to Paris.
爆炸停止了，争议平息了，此后不久，各方返回巴黎。
Nixon believed the Christmas bombing had driven Hanoi back to the bargaining table.
尼克松相信圣诞节爆炸事件已迫使河内回到谈判桌上。
Two weeks later, in a quiet ceremony, they signed an agreement.
两周后，在一场安静的仪式上，他们签署了协议。
Nixon's critics charged he could have had the same terms months before.
尼克松的批评者指责他本可以在几个月前就提出同样的条件。
But after 20 years of American involvement, the loss of over 50,000 American lives, the conflict that had torn apart the nation at long last came to a close.
但在美国卷入20年、造成超过5万美国人丧生后，这场撕裂国家的冲突终于结束了。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [January 1973] A cease-fire will begin at 7:00p.m.
尼克松：[1973 年 1 月] 停火将于晚上 7:00 开始。
this Saturday, January 27, Washington time.
华盛顿时间本周六，1 月 27 日。
Within 60 days from this Saturday, all Americans held prisoners of war throughout Indochina will be released.
从本周六开始的60天内，印度支那各地被关押的所有美国人战俘都将被释放。
During the same 60-day period, all American forces will be withdrawn from South Vietnam.
在同一个 60 天内，所有美军将从南越撤出。
In Vietnam, the fighting later resumed, but in America, the weary troops and the prisoners of war were finally coming home.
在越南，战斗后来重新开始，但在美国，疲惫的军队和战俘终于回家了。
I have three words for America: God Bless America.
我对美国有三个字：上帝保佑美国。
H.R.
H.R.
Haldeman recalled that the day the war ended, Richard Nixon had never looked so happy.
霍尔德曼回忆说，战争结束的那天，理查德·尼克松看上去从未如此高兴。
His popularity soared to the highest point of his entire career.
他的人气飙升至整个职业生涯的最高点。
Almost 70 percent of the American people supported the President.
近70%的美国民众支持总统。
It was not to last.
但这种情况并没有持续多久。
One month before the Watergate burglars went on trial, a 737 crashed in Chicago.
水门窃贼受审前一个月，一架 737 飞机在芝加哥坠毁。
Among the dead was Dorothy Hunt, wife of Watergate burglar Howard Hunt.
死者中有多萝西·亨特，她是水门窃贼霍华德·亨特的妻子。
Her purse, found in the wreckage, contained $10,000 in cash.
在残骸中发现的她的钱包里有 10,000 美元现金。
Later, it would be revealed that Mrs. Hunt had acted as a courier, delivering money drawn from secrete White House funds, hush money used to buy the burglars' silence.
后来，人们发现亨特夫人充当了一名信使，运送从白宫秘密基金中提取的钱，这些钱是用来让窃贼保持沉默的封口费。
From the moment they were caught, the burglars lied to conceal their ties to the White House.
从被捕的那一刻起，窃贼就开始撒谎，隐瞒自己与白宫的关系。
Questioned by the FBI, G.
接受 FBI 询问时，G.
Gordon Liddy, who'd planned the burglary, and James McCord, former CIA agent, who'd helped to carry it out, insisted they had acted on their own.
策划这起盗窃案的戈登·利迪和协助实施这起盗窃案的前中央情报局特工詹姆斯·麦考德坚称他们是自行行动的。
Nixon's campaign manager and former attorney general, John Mitchell, who had approved the break-in, denied responsibility.
尼克松的竞选经理、前司法部长约翰·米切尔（John Mitchell）批准了这次闯入事件，但他否认对此负责。
The President's Chief of Staff, H.R.
总统办公厅主任 H.R.
Haldeman, authorized hush money payments totaling more than $350,000.
霍尔德曼授权支付总计超过 35 万美元的封口费。
The President's domestic adviser, John Ehrlichman, lied to the FBI and grand jury investigating the break-in.
总统的国内顾问约翰·埃利希曼 (John Ehrlichman) 对调查入室盗窃事件的联邦调查局和大陪审团撒了谎。
The President's counsel, John Dean, withheld evidence, coached witnesses and monitored the FBI investigation.
总统的律师约翰·迪恩扣留证据、指导证人并监督联邦调查局的调查。
The cover-up was holding, but by early '73, it was consuming the time and attention of Nixon's closest aides, Haldeman and Ehrlichman.
掩盖行动一直持续着，但到了 73 年初，它已经消耗了尼克松最亲密的助手霍尔德曼和埃利希曼的时间和注意力。
By February, John Dean had assumed more responsibility for managing the cover-up.
到了二月，约翰·迪恩承担了更多的责任来掩盖真相。
He began to meet frequently with the President.
他开始频繁与总统会面。
JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: When I first started dealing with the President, my first concern was whether I should eve be dealing with him on this because I felt that not only had I been compromised, I thought Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Mitchell, all of us had because by now, I didn't have to be a criminal lawyer.
约翰·迪恩三世，总统顾问：当我第一次开始与总统打交道时，我首先关心的是我是否应该在这件事上与他打交道，因为我觉得不仅我受到了损害，我认为霍尔德曼、埃利希曼、米切尔，我们所有人都受到了损害，因为到目前为止，我不必成为一名刑事律师。
I knew we were in the midst of something bad.
我知道我们正面临一些糟糕的事情。
I mean, this is a cover-up.
我的意思是，这是一个掩盖。
There is no doubt in my mind.
我心中毫无疑问。
Nixon noted in his diary, "I'm glad that I'm talking to Dean now, rather than going through Haldeman or Ehrlichman.
尼克松在日记中写道：“我很高兴现在正在与迪恩交谈，而不是通过霍尔德曼或埃利希曼。
I think I've made a mistake in going through others when there is a man with the capability of Dean I can talk to directly." Both Nixon and Dean sensed growing danger from Capitol Hill.
我认为，当我可以直接与一个具有迪恩这样的能力的人交谈时，我就通过其他人来寻求帮助，这是一个错误。”尼克松和迪恩都感受到了来自国会山的日益增长的危险。
The Senate, under Democratic leadership, was forming a special Watergate Committee to investigate the break-in and the conduct of Nixon's re-election campaign.
在民主党的领导下，参议院正在组建一个特别的水门事件委员会，以调查尼克松的连任竞选活动和闯入事件。
But the most immediate threat came from Watergate burglar Howard Hunt.
但最直接的威胁来自水门窃贼霍华德·亨特。
Despairing over the death of his wife, concerned over the fate of his children, he now demanded $120,000 or he would reveal, he said, the "seamy things" he had done for the Nixon White House.
由于对妻子的去世感到绝望，担心孩子们的命运，他现在要求 12 万美元，否则他将揭露他为尼克松白宫所做的“肮脏的事情”。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: This is the first time one of these threats had ever been brought directly to me and I didn't like being in that role 'cause I had never-- I knew about the money out there, but I'd never been a conveyer of messages back and forth.
总统顾问约翰·迪恩三世先生：这是第一次直接向我提出这些威胁，我不喜欢担任这个角色，因为我从来不知道那里有钱，但我从来没有来回传达信息。
And now, suddenly, I'm just right in the middle of another ugly side of this.
现在，突然之间，我就陷入了这件事的另一个丑陋的一面。
Hunt's demand was a turning point for John Dean.
亨特的要求对约翰·迪恩来说是一个转折点。
The White House could no longer control the cover-up.
白宫再也无法控制掩盖真相。
On March 21st, a worried Dean tried to persuade Nixon to end the conspiracy.
3月21日，忧心忡忡的迪恩试图说服尼克松结束这一阴谋。
He described the cover-up as a "cancer" on the presidency and warned that Haldeman, Ehrlichman and Dean himself had broken the law.
他将掩盖行为描述为总统任期的“毒瘤”，并警告霍尔德曼、埃利希曼和迪恩本人都触犯了法律。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: And he just-- the President started knocking down every one of these horribles I kept raising.
总统顾问约翰·迪恩三世先生：总统开始逐一消除我不断提出的这些可怕的问题。
Finally, I got around to saying, "Well, you know, these guys want a lot more money to remain quiet.
最后，我抽出时间说：“好吧，你知道，这些人想要更多的钱来保持沉默。
And there's just, you know, no telling how much they want." And he said, "Well, how much could they want?" And I pulled out of thin air what I thought was a pretty astronomical number and I said, "Well, it could cost a million dollars." And he looked at me and he said, "John, I know where we can get a million dollars."
你知道，只是不知道他们想要多少。”他说：“那么，他们想要多少钱？”我凭空得出了一个我认为相当天文数字的数字，我说：“好吧，这可能要花费一百万美元。”他看着我说：“约翰，我知道我们可以从哪里得到一百万美元。”
Nixon approved more hush money.
尼克松批准了更多封口费。
He let the cover-up continue.
他让掩盖继续下去。
Two days later, the cover-up blew wide open.
两天后，真相被揭穿。
ROGER MUDD, Newscaster: [March 23, 1973] Good evening.
ROGER MUDD，新闻播音员：[1973 年 3 月 23 日]晚上好。
There was a major break in the Watergate trial today.
今天水门事件审判出现重大突破。
On this day of sentencing, one of the defendants, James McCord, promised to reveal hidden details about the bugging of the Democratic headquarters.
在宣判的这一天，其中一名被告詹姆斯·麦考德承诺透露有关窃听民主党总部的隐藏细节。
In a letter to the judge presiding at the trial, James McCord admitted that the Watergate burglars had not acted on their own.
詹姆斯·麦考德在给主审法官的一封信中承认，水门事件的窃贼并非单独行动。
His testimony implicated the White House and galvanized the national press.
他的证词牵涉到白宫并引起了全国媒体的关注。
Even before McCord's letter, Nixon had ordered John Dean to write a report that would exonerate the White House of wrongdoing.
甚至在麦考德写信之前，尼克松就已命令约翰·迪恩撰写一份报告，为白宫的不当行为开脱。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: The President asked him to reduce his understanding of the whole problem to writing.
尼克松竞选团队成员约翰·埃利希曼先生：总统要求他将对整个问题的理解写成文字。
He asked him to do that four or five times and nothing happened.
他让他这样做了四五次，但什么也没发生。
And finally, the President sent John Dean to Camp David in the middle of March, to sit down, do nothing but write a report for the President on what this Watergate business was all about, who was involved, who was at fault, all of that.
最后，总统在三月中旬派约翰·迪恩到戴维营坐下来，什么也不做，只是为总统写一份报告，说明水门事件的全部内容、谁参与其中、谁有过错等等。
While Dean was up there, he had an epiphany, which was that he was in deep trouble, or so he says.
当迪恩在上面时，他顿悟了，那就是他陷入了深深的麻烦，至少他是这么说的。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: Well, it was clear-- it was much clearer after the fact, but I suspected at the time I was being set up.
约翰·迪恩三世先生，总统顾问：嗯，很明显——事后就更清楚了，但我当时怀疑自己遭到了陷害。
And the whole plan was to give the President this report so he could say, "This is all I've ever known and my counsel lied to me, clearly." And I just wasn't going to be a part of that.
整个计划是向总统提供这份报告，以便他可以说：“这就是我所知道的一切，我的顾问显然对我撒了谎。”我只是不会参与其中。
The cover-up was disintegrating and Dean feared that he might become Nixon's scapegoat.
掩盖的真相正在瓦解，迪恩担心自己可能成为尼克松的替罪羊。
In early April, he telephoned Haldeman to say that he was talking with the prosecutors.
4月初，他打电话给霍尔德曼，说他正在与检察官交谈。
Haldeman cautioned him, "I think you ought to think about it because once the toothpaste is out of the tube, it's hard to get it back in." "If Dean is totally out of control," Ehrlichman told Nixon, "you could get an article of impeachment." Haldeman later remembered that Nixon looked stunned.
霍尔德曼警告他：“我认为你应该考虑一下，因为一旦牙膏从管子里出来，就很难再把它放回去。” “如果迪恩完全失控，”埃利希曼告诉尼克松，“你可能会收到弹劾条款。”霍尔德曼后来记得尼克松看上去很震惊。
In private, the President continued to search for a scapegoat and struggled to salvage the cover-up.
私下里，总统继续寻找替罪羊，并努力挽救掩盖真相。
In public, he acted as if he were upholding the law.
在公开场合，他的表现就好像他在维护法律。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I can report today that there have been major developments in the case, concerning which it would be improper to be more specific now, except to say that real progress has been made in finding the truth.
尼克松：我今天可以向大家报告，案件有了重大进展，现在不宜进一步具体说明，只能说在查明真相方面取得了真正的进展。
I condemn any attempts to cover up in this case, no matter who is involved.
我谴责任何掩盖此案的企图，无论涉及谁。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Events were spinning out of Nixon's control.
事态的发展超出了尼克松的控制。
John Dean, bargaining for immunity with Watergate prosecutor Earl Silbert, made a stunning revelation.
约翰·迪恩（John Dean）在与水门事件检察官厄尔·西尔伯特（Earl Silbert）争取豁免权时，透露了惊人的真相。
EARL SILBERT, Assistant U.S. Attorney: Dean's lawyer said, "Dean has one more thing to tell you that you might want to know about." And Dean, at that point, said-- we're standing in the hallway and Dean is in the office.
厄尔·西尔伯特，美国助理检察官：迪恩的律师说，“迪恩还有一件事要告诉你，你可能想知道。”迪恩当时说——我们站在走廊上，迪恩在办公室里。
He said, in substance, that Liddy and Hunt were involved in a break-in into the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dan Ellsberg's psychiatrist.
他说，实质上，利迪和亨特参与了闯入埃尔斯伯格的精神病医生丹·埃尔斯伯格的精神病医生的办公室。
That was -- I know my jaw must have fallen down to the floor.
那是——我知道我的下巴一定掉到了地板上。
That was a bombshell of information.
这是一个重磅信息。
For two years, the burglary of Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office had remained one of the most closely-guarded secrets of the Nixon White House.
两年来，艾尔斯伯格精神病医生办公室入室盗窃案一直是尼克松白宫保守最严密的秘密之一。
Now, Dean's revelation suggested that the Watergate break-in was not an isolated event.
现在，迪恩的揭露表明水门事件并不是一个孤立的事件。
It was part of a web of illegal activities ordered by the President's men.
这是总统手下下令实施的一系列非法活动的一部分。
Vacationing in Key Biscayne, Nixon knew Dean had talked to the prosecutors, but he still hoped to appeal to Dean's loyalty not to reveal any more.
在比斯坎湾度假时，尼克松知道迪恩已经与检察官交谈过，但他仍然希望呼吁迪恩忠诚，不要再透露更多信息。
On Easter Sunday, Nixon called Dean.
复活节周日，尼克松给迪恩打电话。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: And he said he'd been out with the family to Easter Sunday or what-have-you and he said, "I want you to know, John, you're still my counsel." And I thought to myself,"B.S.," you know.
约翰·迪恩三世先生，总统顾问：他说他和家人一起出去过复活节或者其他什么活动，然后他说：“我想让你知道，约翰，你仍然是我的顾问。”我心里想，“废话，”你知道。
"I'm about as close to being his counsel now as the man in the moon." And it was just-- he just was keeping little feelers out there and-- but I made it pretty clear to all the-- all the word I was putting back to everybody, I wasn't making any deals, I wasn't interested in any deals.
“我现在就像月球上的人一样接近成为他的顾问。”只是 - 他只是在那里保持着小小的触角 - 但我向所有人明确表示 - 我向所有人传达的所有信息是，我没有做任何交易，我对任何交易都不感兴趣。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: I think Nixon hoped that he could make a bargain with Dean and say, in effect, "You have to protect your President." But the much stronger voice that Dean was hearing was the prosecutor, saying, "Boy, I'm going to nail you to the wall unless you give me all the dirt."
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：我认为尼克松希望他能与迪恩达成协议，实际上是说“你必须保护你的总统”。但迪恩听到的更强烈的声音是检察官，他说：“孩子，我要把你钉在墙上，除非你把所有的污垢都给我。”
As Dean and other aides scrambled for immunity, rumors swirled about the White House, coming ever closer to the Oval Office.
当迪恩和其他助手争夺豁免权时，有关白宫的谣言四起，离椭圆形办公室越来越近。
In April, accusations against Haldeman and Ehrlichman dominated the headlines.
四月份，针对霍尔德曼和埃利希曼的指控占据了头条新闻。
The two men had protected the President, guarded his privacy, shared his ambitions.
这两个人保护了总统，保护了他的隐私，分享了他的野心。
But now, Nixon would sacrifice his closest aides.
但现在，尼克松愿意牺牲他最亲密的助手。
The last Sunday in April, he summoned them to Camp David.
四月的最后一个星期日，他把他们召集到戴维营。
Mr. JOHN EHRLICHMAN, Nixon Campaign Staff: The first thing he said to me was, "When I went to sleep last night, I prayed that I would not wake up this morning." And he began to really cry.
约翰·埃利希曼先生，尼克松竞选团队成员：他对我说的第一句话是，“昨晚我睡觉时，我祈祷今天早上我不会醒来。”他开始真正哭泣。
He began to really cry and I didn't know what to do 'cause I had just never seen him out of control this way.
他开始哭得很厉害，我不知道该怎么办，因为我从来没有见过他这样失控。
He finally said, basically-- the words have gone, I've forgotten-- I went back and made very careful notes so that somewhere I have notes of this conversation, but the gist of it was that the accusations were so serious that he couldn't keep us on.
他最后说，基本上——话已经消失了，我忘了——我回去做了非常仔细的笔记，这样我就可以在某个地方记录这次谈话，但要点是指控如此严重，他无法让我们继续下去。
He thought maybe we could stay on, Bob and I, as-- on a leave of absence or some such form.
他想也许我们可以留下来，鲍勃和我，以休假或类似的形式。
But he saw that he had to cut it off, that he was going to fire Dean at the same time, he was going to fire the attorney general at the same time.
但他发现他必须切断它，他要同时解雇迪恩，同时解雇司法部长。
At some point, he asked me if there was anything that he could do for me.
有一次，他问我是否有什么可以为我做的。
I said, "Yeah, I'd like you to explain this all to my kids, because I'm having trouble explaining to them why you would do this." And he didn't respond to that.
我说：“是的，我希望你向我的孩子们解释这一切，因为我很难向他们解释你为什么要这样做。”他没有对此做出回应。
So we ended up in a hug.
所以我们最终拥抱在一起。
We hugged each other and I could see that he had said everything that he could and that was the end of it.
我们互相拥抱，我看得出来他已经说了他能说的一切，事情就这样结束了。
In May, the President and Mrs. Nixon welcomed the returning POW's to the White House.
五月，尼克松总统和夫人欢迎战俘返回白宫。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: It is always the custom at a dinner at the White House to have a toast to the honored guest.
尼克松：白宫晚宴上向尊贵的客人敬酒一直是惯例。
The difficulty tonight is that there are so many honored guests that we would be drinking all night and into the day.
今晚的困难在于，贵宾太多，我们要喝一整晚，一直喝到白天。
Somebody just said, "What's wrong with that?"
有人就说：“这有什么问题吗？”
New Watergate charges were erupting daily, but the POW's remained loyal to their commander-in-chief.
新的水门事件指控每天都在爆发，但战俘们仍然忠于他们的总司令。
And sir, I would like to state for all of us that we never lost faith in your integrity or your courage and we are proud to be citizens of the United States.
先生，我想向我们所有人声明，我们从未对您的正直或勇气失去信心，我们为成为美国公民而感到自豪。
But the public's faith in the President would soon be severely tested.
但公众对总统的信心很快就会受到严峻考验。
The Senate Watergate Committee began hearings that would keep the nation spellbound throughout the summer.
参议院水门事件委员会开始举行听证会，整个夏天都让全国着迷。
PETER JENNINGS, ABC News: The historic Caucus Room was jammed today with cameras, newsmen, 200 seated spectators and more standing.
彼得·詹宁斯 (Peter Jennings)，美国广播公司 (ABC) 新闻：历史悠久的党团会议室今天挤满了摄像机、新闻记者、200 名坐着的观众和更多站着的观众。
One of the largest audiences in television history watched on May 17th as Senator Sam Ervin opened the investigation of Nixon's re-election campaign and the Watergate break-in.
5 月 17 日，参议员萨姆·欧文 (Sam Ervin) 开始对尼克松的连任竞选和水门事件进行调查，这是电视史上收视人数最多的节目之一。
Even the President' staff watched as a parade of witnesses implicated Haldeman, Ehrlichman and others high in the Administration and the Nixon campaign.
就连总统的工作人员也目睹了大批证人暗示霍尔德曼、埃利希曼和其他政府和尼克松竞选团队的高层人士。
But in the first month of testimony, the President himself escaped direct charges of wrongdoing.
但在作证的第一个月，总统本人逃脱了不当行为的直接指控。
Then the committee summoned its star witness, John Dean.
然后委员会传唤了其明星证人约翰·迪恩。
In a seven-hour opening statement, Dean described the atmosphere of the Nixon White House.
在长达七小时的开场白中，迪恩描述了尼克松白宫的气氛。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: [testifying] The Watergate matter was an inevitable outgrowth of a climate of excessive concern over the political impact of demonstrators, excessive concern over leaks, an insatiable appetite for political intelligence, all coupled with a do-it-yourself White House staff, regardless of the law.
总统顾问约翰·迪恩三世先生：[作证]水门事件是一种过度关注示威者政治影响、过度关注泄密、对政治情报贪得无厌的气氛的必然结果，再加上白宫工作人员不顾法律，自己动手。
SAM DASH, Chief Council, Senate Watergate Committee: He spoke in almost a monotone as he began to tell some of the most outrageous stories about what had occurred.
萨姆·达什（SAM DASH），参议院水门委员会首席顾问：当他开始讲述一些有关所发生事件的最离谱的故事时，他的语气几乎是单调的。
And coming from a monotone, it was the facts, rather than his personality that came out at the public.
从单调的角度来看，在公众面前暴露的是事实，而不是他的个性。
Dean described his meeting on March 21st, when he warned Nixon about the burglars' escalating demands.
迪恩描述了他 3 月 21 日的会面，当时他就窃贼不断升级的要求向尼克松发出警告。
Mr. JOHN DEAN III, Counsel to the President: [testifying] I told the President about the fact that there was no money to pay these individuals to meet their demands.
约翰·迪恩三世先生，总统顾问：[作证]我告诉总统，没有钱支付这些人以满足他们的要求。
He asked me how much it would cost.
他问我要花多少钱。
I told him I could only make an estimate, that it might be as high as a million dollars or more.
我告诉他我只能做个估计，可能高达一百万美元或更多。
He told me that that was no problem.
他告诉我那没问题。
He also looked over at Haldeman and repeated the same statement.
他也看了霍尔德曼一眼，重复了同样的话。
Mr. DASH: That story came out.
达什先生：那个故事已经出来了。
It was the very first time in the hearing, the very first time any evidence came forward that really put the President in on the obstruction of justice, the President who said he knew nothing about these things, the President who said he had started an investigation to find out who was involved.
这是听证会上第一次，第一次有任何证据真正证明总统妨碍司法公正，总统说他对这些事情一无所知，总统说他已经开始调查以查明谁参与其中。
And here was an eyewitness, a person who was involved, who was testifying to the President's very deep involvement in the obstruction of justice and the cover-up.
这里有一位目击者，一个参与其中的人，他证明总统非常深入地参与了妨碍司法和掩盖事实的行为。
It was now the word of the President against his 34-year-old former counsel.
现在，这是总统针对他 34 岁的前律师的言论。
The White House tried to undermine Dean's testimony by spreading rumors about his credibility and character.
白宫试图通过散布有关迪恩可信度和品格的谣言来破坏迪恩的证词。
With no way to determine who was telling the truth, Nixon believed he would prevail.
由于无法确定谁说的是真话，尼克松相信自己会获胜。
Then, on July 16th, everything changed for Richard Nixon.
然后，7 月 16 日，理查德·尼克松的一切都改变了。
ALEXANDER BUTTERFIELD, former White House Aide: My name is Alexander Porter Butterfield.
亚历山大·巴特菲尔德，前白宫助手：我的名字是亚历山大·波特·巴特菲尔德。
Sen.
参议员。
ERVIN: Mr. Butterfield, are you aware of the installation of any listening devices in the Oval Office of the President?
欧文：巴特菲尔德先生，您是否知道总统椭圆形办公室安装了窃听设备？
Mr. BUTTERFIELD: I was aware of listening devices, yes, sir.
巴特菲尔德先生：我知道有监听装置，是的，先生。
Mr. DASH: And so that if either Mr. Dean, Mr. Haldeman, Mr. Ehrlichman, Mr. Colson had particular meetings in the Oval Office with the President on any particular dates that have been testified before this committee, there would be a tape recording with the President of that full conversation, would there not?
达什先生：因此，如果迪恩先生、霍尔德曼先生、埃利希曼先生、科尔森先生在椭圆形办公室与总统在本委员会作证的任何特定日期进行特定会议，那么将会有与总统的完整谈话录音，不是吗？
Mr. DASH: One last question.
达什先生：最后一个问题。
If one were, therefore, to reconstruct the conversations at any particular date, what would be the best way to reconstruct those conversations, Mr. Butterfield?
因此，如果要重建任何特定日期的对话，那么重建这些对话的最佳方式是什么，巴特菲尔德先生？
Mr. BUTTERFIELD: Well, in the obvious manner, Mr. Dash: to obtain the tape and play it.
巴特菲尔德先生：嗯，达什先生，以显而易见的方式：获取磁带并播放它。
Mr. DASH: I have no further questions, Mr. Chairman.
达什先生：主席先生，我没有其他问题了。
Nixon was in the hospital with viral pneumonia when he learned about Butterfield's testimony.
当尼克松得知巴特菲尔德的证词时，他正在医院治疗病毒性肺炎。
He wrote on a bedside pad, "Should have destroyed the tapes after April 30th." Nixon knew controlling the tapes was the key to his survival.
他在床头便笺上写道：“应该在 4 月 30 日之后销毁这些磁带。”尼克松知道控制录音带是他生存的关键。
He would appeal to historical precedent and argue that the tapes were like presidential papers.
他会诉诸历史先例，并认为这些录音带就像总统文件。
They belonged to the President, not to Congress or the courts.
它们属于总统，而不属于国会或法院。
They President had a right to keep them private.
他们的总统有权将其保密。
The battle for the tapes began with the President rallying the White House staff.
争夺录音带的斗争始于总统召集白宫工作人员。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I was rather amused by some very well-intentioned people who thought that, you know, some of the rather rough assaults that any man in this office gets from time to time brings on an illness and that after going through such as illness that I might get so tired that i would consider either slowing down or even, some suggested, resigning.
尼克松：我对一些善意的人感到好笑，他们认为，你知道，这个办公室里的任何人时不时受到的一些相当粗暴的攻击都会带来疾病，而在经历了这样的疾病之后，我可能会变得很累，以至于我会考虑放慢脚步，甚至有人建议，辞职。
Well, now, just so we set that to rest, I'm going to use a phrase that my Ohio father used to use.
好吧，现在，就这样我们就结束了，我将使用我俄亥俄州父亲曾经使用过的一句话。
"That's just plain poppycock." We're going to stay on this job till we get the job done.
“这纯粹是胡说八道。”我们将继续从事这项工作，直到完成工作。
And let others wallow in Watergate, we're going to do our job.
让其他人沉浸在水门事件中吧，我们会做好我们的工作。
The continuing investigations placed new pressures on the White House.
持续的调查给白宫带来了新的压力。
The Watergate Committee issued a subpoena for the President's tapes.
水门事件委员会发出传票索要总统的录音带。
Nixon refused to comply and risked being found in contempt of Congress.
尼克松拒绝遵守，并冒着被认定藐视国会的风险。
But even that was not his biggest concern.
但即便如此，这也不是他最担心的。
Pressured by Congress, Attorney General Elliott Richardson agreed to appoint an independent special prosecutor.
在国会的压力下，司法部长埃利奥特·理查森同意任命一名独立特别检察官。
He chose Archibald Cox and gave him sweeping powers to investigate the Nixon White House.
他选择了阿奇博尔德·考克斯，并赋予他调查尼克松白宫的全面权力。
7th REPORTER: What if this trial leads into the Oval Office at the White House?
记者第七号：如果这次审判进入白宫椭圆形办公室怎么办？
ARCHIBALD COX, Watergate Special Prosecutor: Well, as I replied then, the trail should be followed wherever it leads.
阿奇博尔德·考克斯，水门事件特别检察官：嗯，正如我当时回答的那样，无论它通向何处，都应该追随它。
Nixon later described Cox as "the partisan viper we had planted in our bosom."
尼克松后来将考克斯描述为“我们在自己怀里种下的党派毒蛇”。
Mr. PRICE: We saw Archie Cox in political, rather than legal terms.
普赖斯先生：我们从政治而非法律角度看待阿奇·考克斯。
He was sort of the high guru of the Kennedy government-in-waiting in Cambridge.
他可以说是剑桥肯尼迪候任政府的高级大师。
And the idea that these Kennedy government political operatives were going to be demanding to run barefoot through all the most private files of the Nixon White House was utterly appalling and absolutely outrageous.
这些肯尼迪政府的政治人物将要求赤脚翻阅尼克松白宫所有最私人的档案，这一想法是完全令人震惊和绝对令人愤慨的。
Cox and his staff requested sensitive White House files.
考克斯和他的工作人员要求提供敏感的白宫文件。
Nixon reluctantly complied.
尼克松无奈地答应了。
Cox also demanded nine of the President's tapes.
考克斯还索要了九盘总统的录音带。
Nixon refused.
尼克松拒绝了。
Cox took his case to court.
考克斯将案件告上法庭。
Mr. COX: As I have said before, I'm sure that the President's legal position is presented in good faith.
考克斯先生：正如我之前所说，我确信总统的法律立场是善意表达的。
I think it's quite wrong.
我认为这是完全错误的。
By the end of summer, Nixon's refusal to turn over the tapes and John Dean's testimony had badly eroded the public's support for the President.
到夏末，尼克松拒绝交出录音带和约翰·迪恩的证词严重削弱了公众对总统的支持。
But after months of unrelenting press coverage, Nixon sensed that Americans were growing weary of Watergate.
但经过几个月不间断的媒体报道，尼克松意识到美国人对水门事件越来越厌倦。
He moved to take the offensive.
他主动发起进攻。
For the first time in 14 months, Nixon held a televised news conference and tried to turn the persistent questioning to his advantage.
尼克松 14 个月来首次召开电视新闻发布会，试图将持续不断的质疑转化为对自己有利的机会。
8th REPORTER: Did-- at any time during the Watergate crisis, did you ever consider resigning and would you consider resigning if you felt that your capacity to govern had been seriously weakened and in that connection, how much do you think your capacity to govern has been weakened?
记者八号：在水门事件期间的任何时候，您是否考虑过辞职？如果您觉得您的执政能力被严重削弱，您会考虑辞职吗？在这方面，您认为您的执政能力被削弱了多少？
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: The answer to the first two questions is no. The answer to the third question is that it is true that, as far as capacity to govern in concerned, that to be under a constant barrage 12 to 15 minutes a night on each of the three major networks for four months tends to raise some questions in the people's mind with regard to the President and it may raise some questions with regard to the capacity to govern.
尼克松：前两个问题的答案是否定的。第三个问题的答案是，就执政能力而言，在四个月的时间里，每晚在三大网络上持续受到12至15分钟的连续轰炸，确实会引起人们对总统的一些疑问，也可能会引起一些有关执政能力的问题。
The point that I make now is that we are proceeding as best we know how to get all those guilty brought to justice in Watergate.
我现在要表达的观点是，我们正在尽我们所能，将水门事件中的所有有罪者绳之以法。
But now, we must move on from Watergate to the business of the people.
但现在，我们必须从水门事件转向人民事务。
And the business of the people is continuing with the initiatives we began in the first Administration.
人民的事务正在继续我们在第一届政府中开始的举措。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: Just a moment.
尼克松：请稍等。
We've had 30 minutes of this press conference.
我们的新闻发布会已经持续了 30 分钟。
I have yet to have, for example, one question on the business of the people, which shows you our-- how we're consumed with this.
例如，我还没有提出一个关于人民事务的问题，它向您展示了我们如何对此感到困惑。
But events overwhelmed the President's counter-offensive.
但事件压倒了总统的反攻。
In a scandal unrelated to Watergate, Nixon's Vice President, Spiro Agnew, was under investigation for bribery, tax evasion and extortion.
在与水门事件无关的丑闻中，尼克松的副总统斯皮罗·阿格纽因贿赂、逃税和勒索而受到调查。
SPIRO AGNEW, former Vice President: [October 10, 1973] Gentlemen, I believe you have all received copies of the prepared statement that I read to the court.
斯皮罗·阿格纽，前副总统：[1973 年 10 月 10 日] 先生们，我相信你们都已经收到了我向法庭宣读的准备好的陈述副本。
On October 10th, Agnew pled "no contest" to tax evasion and resigned.
10 月 10 日，阿格纽对逃税行为“没有异议”并辞职。
Agnew's departure made Nixon more vulnerable.
阿格纽的离开让尼克松变得更加脆弱。
Unlike Agnew, his new Vice President and potential successor was popular with Republicans and Democrats alike.
与阿格纽不同的是，他的新副总统和潜在的继任者都受到共和党和民主党的欢迎。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: Our distinguished guests and my fellow Americans, I proudly present to you the man whose name I will submit to the Congress of the United States for confirmation as the Vice President of the United States, Congressman Gerald Ford of Michigan.
尼克松：尊敬的各位来宾和美国同胞们，我自豪地向你们介绍一位密歇根州众议员杰拉尔德·福特，我将把他的名字提交美国国会确认为美国副总统。
On Capitol Hill, Gerald Ford was already seen as a viable alternative to the President himself.
在国会山，杰拉尔德·福特已经被视为总统本人的可行替代者。
That same day, the Court of Appeals ruled that Nixon must yield the tapes to Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox.
同一天，上诉法院裁定尼克松必须将这些录音带交给特别检察官阿奇博尔德·考克斯。
But Nixon saw that ruling as an opportunity for a showdown with Cox.
但尼克松认为这一裁决是与考克斯摊牌的机会。
He made an offer he thought would sound reasonable to the public, but that he was certain Cox would reject.
他提出了一个他认为对公众来说合理的提议，但他确信考克斯会拒绝。
Nixon would turn over summaries of the tapes, but not he tapes themselves and he ordered Cox to not ask for any more material.
尼克松会交出录音带的摘要，但不会交出录音带本身，并命令考克斯不要再索要任何材料。
As Nixon expected, Cox refused.
正如尼克松所料，考克斯拒绝了。
JIM DOYLE, Special Prosecutor's Office: [on telephone] This is Jim Doyle from Archibald Cox's office.
吉姆·多伊尔，特别检察官办公室：[电话中]我是阿奇博尔德·考克斯办公室的吉姆·多伊尔。
I have a long statement.
我有一个很长的声明。
Are you ready?
你准备好了吗？
"In my judgment, the President is refusing to comply with the court decrees."
“根据我的判断，总统拒绝遵守法院法令。”
Mr. COX: I think it is my duty to bring to the court's attention what seems to me to be non-compliance with the court's order.
考克斯先生：我认为我有责任提请法院注意我认为不遵守法院命令的情况。
Within hours, Nixon ordered Elliott Richardson to fire Archibald Cox.
几小时内，尼克松命令埃利奥特·理查森解雇阿奇博尔德·考克斯。
But Nixon had miscalculated.
但尼克松打错了算盘。
Richardson refused.
理查森拒绝了。
Mr. ELLIOTT RICHARDSON, Nixon Cabinet Member: And he said, "Do you realize, Elliott, that Brezhnev may conclude that I'm losing control of my own Administration?" But I said, "Mr. President, I am committed to the independence of the special prosecutor and for me to have acquiesced in his being fired would be a total betrayal of that commitment." He said, "I'm sorry that you choose to prefer your purely personal commitments to the national interest." Mustering all my self-control, I said in as level a voice as I could, "Mr. President, it would appear that we have a different assessment of the national interest."
艾略特·理查森先生，尼克松内阁成员：他说：“艾略特，你是否意识到勃列日涅夫可能会得出这样的结论：我正在失去对自己政府的控制？”但我说，“总统先生，我致力于特别检察官的独立性，对我来说默许他被解雇将是对这一承诺的彻底背叛。”他说：“我很抱歉你选择将纯粹的个人承诺置于国家利益之上。”我鼓起全部自制力，尽可能用平静的声音说道：“总统先生，看来我们对国家利益的评估有所不同。”
The events that followed became known as "The Saturday Night Massacre."
随后发生的事件被称为“周六晚上大屠杀”。
JOHN CHANCELLOR, NBC News: Good evening.
约翰·钱斯勒，NBC 新闻：晚上好。
The country tonight is in the midst of what may be the most serious Constitutional crisis in its history.
今晚这个国家正处于可能是其历史上最严重的宪法危机之中。
The President has fired the special Watergate prosecutor, Archibald Cox.
总统解雇了水门事件特别检察官阿奇博尔德·考克斯。
Because of the President's action, the attorney general has resigned.
由于总统的行动，司法部长已辞职。
Elliott Richardson has quit, saying he cannot carry out Mr. Nixon's instructions.
埃利奥特·理查森已辞职，称他无法执行尼克松先生的指示。
Richardson's deputy, William Ruckelshaus, has been fired.
理查森的副手威廉·拉克尔豪斯 (William Ruckelshaus) 已被解雇。
Ruckelshaus refused, in a moment of Constitutional drama, to obey a presidential order to fire the special Watergate prosecutor.
在宪法戏剧性的时刻，鲁克斯豪斯拒绝服从总统解雇水门事件特别检察官的命令。
And half an hour after the special Watergate prosecutor had been fired, agents of the FBI, acting at the direction of the White House, sealed off the offices of the special prosecutor, the offices of the attorney general and the offices of the deputy attorney general.
水门事件特别检察官被解雇半小时后，联邦调查局特工在白宫的指示下封锁了特别检察官办公室、总检察长办公室和副总检察长办公室。
--six FBI agents present, impeding our operations right now--
--六名联邦调查局特工在场，阻碍了我们现在的行动--
All of this adds up to a totally unprecedented situation, a grave and profound crisis in which the President has set himself against his own attorney general and the Department of Justice.
所有这一切构成了一种完全前所未有的局面，一场严重而深刻的危机，总统将自己与自己的司法部长和司法部对立。
Nothing like this has ever happened before.
以前从未发生过这样的事情。
More than 50,000 telegrams poured in on Capitol Hill today, so many, Western Union was swamped.
今天，超过 50,000 封电报涌入国会山，数量如此之多，西联汇款 (Western Union) 被淹没了。
Most of them demanded impeaching Mr. Nixon.
他们中的大多数人要求弹劾尼克松先生。
Representative MORRIS UDALL, (D), Arizona: These come from Republicans and businessmen and people, most of whom begin their statement by saying, "I've supported the President, I've never believed in impeachment, but he's now gone too far and we want the Congress to take strong action."
亚利桑那州民主党众议员莫里斯·乌德尔（MORRIS UDALL）：这些人来自共和党、商人和民众，他们中的大多数人在声明开始时都会说：“我一直支持总统，我从来不相信弹劾，但他现在做得太过分了，我们希望国会采取强有力的行动。”
Representative MARGARET HECKLER, (R) Massachusetts: In my three district offices in the one Republican area, my phone calls were 100 to one in favor of pursuing the path of impeachment, which was rather shocking to me.
马萨诸塞州众议员玛格丽特·赫克勒（MARGARET HECKLER）（右）：在我所在的共和党辖区的三个选区办公室，我打来的电话都是100比1赞成走弹劾之路，这让我相当震惊。
Mr. GARMENT: I was terribly surprised, which says something about that very weird thing that happens when you're in the middle of a cocoon of a crisis within a protected environment and you have a great desire for things to happen as you want them to happen.
服装先生：我非常惊讶，这说明了当你在受保护的环境中处于危机的茧中并且你非常渴望事情按照你希望的方式发生时，就会发生非常奇怪的事情。
On Tuesday, Nixon learned that 21 resolutions calling for his impeachment had been introduced on Capitol Hill.
周二，尼克松得知国会山已提出了 21 项弹劾他的决议。
Stunned by the ferocity of the public reaction, Nixon retreated.
尼克松对公众反应的激烈程度感到震惊，于是撤退了。
He appointed a new special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski and agreed to release the nine subpoenaed tapes.
他任命了新的特别检察官莱昂·贾沃斯基（Leon Jaworski），并同意公布九份传唤的录音带。
But two tapes turned out to be missing.
但结果发现有两盘磁带丢失了。
The White House said they never existed.
白宫表示它们从未存在过。
A third tape contained an 18-1/2 minute gap.
第三盘磁带包含 18-1/2 分钟的间隙。
The erased section was a conversation between the President and H.R.
被删除的部分是总统和 H.R. 之间的对话。
Haldeman three days after the break-in.
入室盗窃案发生三天后，霍尔德曼。
The President's counsel, Fred Buzhardt, explained the gap to a skeptical press.
总统的律师弗雷德·布扎特 (Fred Buzhardt) 向持怀疑态度的媒体解释了这一差距。
The White House claimed that the President's secretary, Rosemary Woods, had accidentally erased the tape while transcribing it.
白宫声称，总统秘书罗斯玛丽·伍兹在转录时不小心擦掉了磁带。
11th REPORTER: Is that logical for that to happen accidentally?
记者11号：意外发生符合逻辑吗？
I mean, is that believable?
我的意思是，这可信吗？
Questions now arose about every aspect of the President's life: campaign contributions, taxes, friendships, vacation homes.
现在，总统生活的各个方面都出现了问题：竞选捐款、税收、友谊、度假屋。
Everything seemed fair game.
一切看起来都是公平的游戏。
The President struggled to defend himself against assaults that came from all sides.
总统努力保护自己免受来自各方的攻击。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: I want to say this to the television audience.
尼克松：我想对电视观众说这些。
I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service.
我犯了错误，但在我多年的公共生活中，我从未获利，从未从公共服务中获利。
I have earned every cent.
每一分钱我都赚到了。
And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice.
在我多年的公共生活中，我从未妨碍司法公正。
And I think, too, that I can say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether or not their President's a crook.
我还认为，我可以说，在我多年的公共生活中，我欢迎这种检查，因为人们必须知道他们的总统是否是骗子。
Well, I'm not a crook.
嗯，我不是骗子。
I've earned everything I've got.
我已经赢得了我所拥有的一切。
In March 1974, Nixon went to the Grand Ole Opry, to the South where his support remained the strongest.
1974 年 3 月，尼克松前往南方的大奥普里 (Grand Ole Opry)，那里他的支持率仍然最高。
"In the end," he later wrote, "it would come down to a campaign, but this time, I would be campaigning for my political life."
“最终，”他后来写道，“这将归结为一场竞选，但这一次，我将为我的政治生涯而竞选。”
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [at the Grand Ole Opry] If you'll join us in this song, I think you'll recognize it when I start it.
尼克松：[在大奥普里]如果你愿意和我们一起唱这首歌，我想当我开始唱这首歌时你就会认出它。
Just let me get a chord.
就让我找个和弦吧。
[Richard Nixon plays on the piano "Wild Irish Rose]
【理查德·尼克松弹奏钢琴《爱尔兰野玫瑰》
But seven of Nixon's closest aides had been indicted by the Watergate grand jury and the aftershocks of the Saturday Night Massacre continued to reverberate in the courts and in Congress.
但尼克松最亲密的七名助手已被水门事件大陪审团起诉，周六晚大屠杀的余震继续在法庭和国会中引起反响。
On Capitol Hill, the House Judiciary Committee was debating Nixon's impeachment, investigating charges ranging from illegal wiretaps and break-ins to abuse of power and obstruction of justice.
在国会山，众议院司法委员会正在辩论尼克松的弹劾案，调查从非法窃听和入室盗窃到滥用权力和妨碍司法等指控。
Pursuing their investigations, they demanded more tapes and set a deadline of April 30th.
为了继续调查，他们要求提供更多录音带，并将截止日期定为 4 月 30 日。
On April 29th, with less than 24 hours to go, facing a citation for contempt of Congress, Nixon tried to do again what had worked so well for him in the past: bypass his opponents and appeal directly to the public.
4 月 29 日，距离大选只剩下不到 24 小时，面对藐视国会的指控，尼克松试图再次做过去对他很有效的事情：绕过对手，直接向公众呼吁。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [April 29, 1974] Good evening.
尼克松：[1974 年 4 月 29 日]晚上好。
I have asked for this time tonight in order to announce my answer to the House Judiciary Committee's subpoena for additional Watergate tapes.
我要求今晚这个时间，是为了宣布我对众议院司法委员会索要更多水门事件录音带的传票的答复。
In these folders that you see over here on my left are more than 1,200 pages of transcripts of private conversations--
你在我左边看到的这些文件夹里有超过 1,200 页的私人谈话记录——
Nixon announced he was releasing edited transcripts of the tapes to the committee and the public simultaneously.
尼克松宣布他将同时向委员会和公众发布经过编辑的录音带文字记录。
The President himself had supervised the editing.
总统亲自监督编辑。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: In giving you these records, blemishes and all, I am placing my trust in the basic fairness of the American people.
尼克松：在向您提供这些记录、瑕疵和所有内容时，我相信美国人民的基本公平。
Nixon had gambled and lost.
尼克松赌博输了。
He badly misjudged the public reaction.
他严重误判了公众的反应。
The transcripts, said Time magazine, showed a President "creating an environment of deceit and dishonesty, of evasion and cover-up." Even Republican leaders denounced them as "shabby, disgusting, immoral." A majority of Americans now felt the President should resign or face impeachment.
《时代》杂志称，这些笔录显示，总统“创造了一个充满欺骗和不诚实、逃避和掩盖的环境”。就连共和党领导人也谴责他们“卑鄙、恶心、不道德”。大多数美国人现在认为总统应该辞职，否则将面临弹劾。
Soon after the transcripts were delivered to Capitol Hill, the Judiciary Committee voted that the President had failed to comply with their subpoena.
笔录送达国会山后不久，司法委员会投票认为总统未能遵守传票。
They continued to demand the tapes.
他们继续索要录音带。
In the White House, Nixon secluded himself, listening to the recordings over and over.
在白宫里，尼克松将自己与世隔绝，一遍又一遍地听着录音。
Not only was Congress demanding the tapes, so was the new special prosecutor.
不仅国会要求提供录音带，新任特别检察官也要求提供这些录音带。
Nixon had exhausted all his legal appeals but one.
尼克松已经用尽了除一项之外的所有法律上诉。
He took his case to the Supreme Court.
他将案件提交至最高法院。
It would become known as The United States v.
它后来被称为“美国诉美国”案。
Richard Nixon .
理查德·尼克松。
As his lawyers prepared to argue his case, the President took his campaign abroad, hoping to build on the diplomatic triumphs of the past.
当他的律师准备为他的案件辩护时，总统将他的竞选活动带到了国外，希望在过去的外交胜利的基础上再接再厉。
First, to the Middle East, where just months before, his persistent diplomacy had helped bring about a fragile peace between Arabs and Israelis.
首先是中东，就在几个月前，他坚持不懈的外交努力帮助阿拉伯人和以色列人之间实现了脆弱的和平。
Then to the Soviet Union where the glittering ceremonies mirrored the President's past success.
然后到了苏联，那里闪闪发光的仪式反映了总统过去的成功。
But the summit achieved little.
但峰会收效甚微。
Leonid Brezhnev sensed that Nixon's power was eroding fast.
勃列日涅夫感觉到尼克松的权力正在迅速削弱。
Returning home, Nixon landed at a small Air Force base in Maine where the military crowd gave him a warm welcome.
尼克松回国后降落在缅因州的一个小型空军基地，受到了军人的热烈欢迎。
But the extraordinary journey that had taken Richard Nixon all the way from Yorba Linda to the White House, to Peking and Moscow, from humiliating defeats to the pinnacle of world power seemed to be coming to an end.
但理查德·尼克松从约巴林达到白宫、到北京和莫斯科、从耻辱性失败到世界强国巅峰的非凡旅程似乎即将结束。
Most Americans had lost faith in the President.
大多数美国人对总统失去了信心。
They saw a man who had repeatedly lied to cover up his crimes, had subverted the political process and undermined the Constitution.
他们看到一个人屡次撒谎来掩盖自己的罪行，颠覆政治进程并破坏宪法。
Mr. BUTLER, Judiciary Committee: There are frightening implications for the future of our country if we do not impeach the President of the United States.
司法委员会巴特勒先生：如果我们不弹劾美国总统，就会对我国的未来产生可怕的影响。
If we fail to impeach, we have condoned and left unpunished a course of conduct totally inconsistent with the reasonable expectations of the American people.
如果我们弹劾失败，我们就纵容了完全不符合美国人民合理期望的行为，并且没有受到惩罚。
On Capitol Hill, the Judiciary Committee prepared to vote on three articles of impeachment.
在国会山，司法委员会准备对三项弹劾条款进行投票。
They charged the President with obstruction of justice, abuse of power and contempt of Congress.
他们指控总统妨碍司法、滥用权力和藐视国会。
Representative LAWRENCE HOGAN, (R) Maryland: The thing that's so appalling to me is that the President, when this whole idea was suggested to him, didn't, in righteous indignation, rise up and say, "Get out of here, you're in the office of the President of the United States.
马里兰州众议员劳伦斯·霍根：令我震惊的是，当向总统提出这整个想法时，他并没有义愤填膺地站起来说：“离开这里，你是在美国总统的办公室里。
How can you talk about blackmail and bribery and keeping witnesses silent?
你怎么能谈论勒索、贿赂和让证人保持沉默呢？
This is the presidency of the United States." But my President didn't do that.
这就是美国总统的任期。”但我的总统没有这样做。
He sat there and he worked and worked to try to cover this thing up so it wouldn't come to light.
他坐在那里，努力地试图掩盖这件事，以免它被曝光。
The committee took its first vote July 27th.
该委员会于 7 月 27 日进行了第一次投票。
Nixon was swimming at San Clemente as they rendered their verdict.
当他们做出裁决时，尼克松正在圣克莱门特游泳。
Representative PETER RODINO, (D) Chairman, Judiciary Committee: Those in favor, signify by saying "Aye," all those opposed, "No."
众议员彼得·罗迪诺（D），司法委员会主席：赞成者表示“同意”，所有反对者表示“不”。
--say aye, all those opposed, no. Mr. Flowers.
——说是，所有反对的人都说，不。花先生。
Nixon later wrote, "I was getting dressed in the beach trailer when the phone rang and Ziegler gave me the news.
尼克松后来写道：“我正在海滩拖车里穿衣服，电话铃响了，齐格勒告诉了我这个消息。
That was how I learned that I was the first President in 106 years to be recommended for impeachment, standing in the beach trailer, barefoot, wearing old trousers, a Ban-Lon shirt and a blue windbreaker emblazoned with the presidential seal."
我就是这样得知自己是106年来第一位被推荐弹劾的总统的，当时我赤脚站在海滩拖车里，穿着旧裤子、班伦衬衫和印有总统印章的蓝色风衣。”
Twenty-seven members have voted "Aye." Eleven members have voted "No."
二十七名成员投了“赞成”票。十一名成员投了“反对”票。
Rep.
代表。
RODINO: And pursuant to the resolution, Article I, that resolution is adopted and will be reported to the House.
罗迪诺：根据该决议第一条，该决议获得通过并将报告给众议院。
Just days before, the Supreme Court had ruled in the case of The United States v.
就在几天前，最高法院对“美国诉美国”案做出了裁决。
Richard Nixon .
理查德·尼克松。
"The President must turn over the tapes to the special prosecutor." Not even a President, said the court, could withhold evidence in a criminal trial.
“总统必须将录音带交给特别检察官。”法院表示，即使是总统也不能在刑事审判中隐瞒证据。
Nixon returned to Washington, still calculating the odds.
尼克松回到华盛顿，仍在计算可能性。
He knew the House of Representatives would vote to indict him.
他知道众议院会投票起诉他。
There was a chance he might survive a trial in the Senate as long as there was no irrefutable evidence that he had personally committed a crime.
只要没有无可辩驳的证据证明他个人犯罪，他就有可能在参议院的审判中幸存下来。
But Nixon himself possessed that evidence, a tape that plainly showed he'd obstructed justice.
但尼克松本人拥有这些证据，一盘磁带清楚地表明他妨碍了司法公正。
His conversation with H.R.
他与 H.R. 的谈话
Haldeman on June 23, 1972, when Nixon ordered his aides to divert the FBI.
1972 年 6 月 23 日，霍尔德曼，当时尼克松命令他的助手转移联邦调查局的注意力。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [on tape] --they should call the FBI in and say that we wish for the country, don't go any further into this case, period.
尼克松：[录音]——他们应该打电话给联邦调查局，并表示我们希望国家不要再进一步调查此案。
Nixon would soon have to release this tape, along with others covered by the Supreme Court ruling.
尼克松很快就不得不公布这盘录像带以及最高法院裁决所涵盖的其他录像带。
With nothing left to lose, he decided to release a transcript of the tape.
由于没有什么可失去的，他决定发布录音带的文字记录。
It became known as "the smoking gun."
它被称为“确凿证据”。
The night following the release of the transcript, Nixon sat alone in the Lincoln Sitting Room, then retired to bed.
文字记录公布的第二天晚上，尼克松独自坐在林肯客厅里，然后上床睡觉。
His daughter Julie had left a note on his pillow.
他的女儿朱莉在他的枕头上留了一张纸条。
"The White House, August 6th.
“白宫，8 月 6 日。
Dear Daddy: I love you.
亲爱的爸爸：我爱你。
Whatever you do, I will support.
不管你做什么，我都会支持。
I'm very proud of you.
我为你感到非常骄傲。
Go through the fire just a little bit longer.
在火中再过一会儿。
You're so strong.
你真坚强。
I love you.
我爱你。
Mills support you.
米尔斯支持你。
Julie."
朱莉。”
On August 8th, Nixon announced he would address the nation.
8月8日，尼克松宣布他将向全国发表讲话。
Outside the White House, crowds gathered, watching, waiting.
白宫外，人群聚集在一起，观看、等待。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [August 8, 1974] I have never been a quitter.
尼克松：[1974 年 8 月 8 日]我从来都不是一个半途而废的人。
To leave office before my term is completed is abhorrent to every instinct in my body, but as President, I must put the interests of America first.
在任期结束前离任对我身体的每一个本能来说都是令人厌恶的，但作为总统，我必须把美国的利益放在第一位。
Therefore, I shall resign the presidency, effective at noon tomorrow.
因此，我将辞去总统职务，明天中午生效。
Vice President Ford will be sworn in as President at that hour in this office.
副总统福特将于此时在这个办公室宣誓就任总统。
On August 9th, the President bid farewell to the White House staff.
8月9日，总统告别白宫工作人员。
Pres.
新闻。
NIXON: [August 9, 1974] You are here to say goodbye to us and we don't have a good word for it in English.
尼克松：[1974 年 8 月 9 日]你来这里是为了向我们告别，但我们没有一个好的英语单词来形容。
The best is au revoir .
最好的是再见。
We'll see you again.
我们会再次见到你。
I had a little quote in the speech last night from T.R.
我在昨晚的演讲中引用了 T.R. 的一段话。
As you know, I like to read books.
如你所知，我喜欢读书。
I'm not educated, but I do read books.
我没受过教育，但我读过书。
And there's another one I found as I was reading my last night in the White House.
当我在白宫的最后一晚阅读时，我发现了另一本书。
And this quote is about a young man.
这句话是关于一个年轻人的。
He was a young lawyer in New York.
他是纽约的一名年轻律师。
He'd married a beautiful girl and they had a lovely daughter.
他娶了一个漂亮的女孩，并育有一个可爱的女儿。
And then suddenly, she died.
然后突然，她死了。
And this is what he wrote.
这就是他写的。
This was in his diary.
这是他的日记里的。
He said, "She was beautiful in face and form and lovelier still in spirit.
他说：“她的面容和身材都很美丽，但精神上更可爱。
As a flower, she grew and as a fairer young flower, she died.
作为一朵花，她成长，作为一朵更美丽的年轻花，她死了。
And when my heart's dearest died, the light went from my life forever." That was T.R.
当我心爱的人去世时，我的生命之光就永远消失了。”那是T.R.
in his 20s.
20多岁。
He thought the light had gone from his life forever, but he went on.
他以为生命之光已经永远消失，但他还是继续前行。
And he-- not only became President, but as an ex-President, he served his country, always in the arena, tempestuous, strong, sometimes wrong, sometimes right, but he was a man.
他不仅成为了总统，而且作为前总统，他为自己的国家服务，总是在舞台上，狂暴、坚强，有时是错的，有时是对的，但他是一个男人。
It's only a beginning, always.
这永远只是一个开始。
The young must know it.
年轻人一定知道。
The old must know it.
老人们一定都知道。
Because the greatness comes not when things go always good for you, but the greatness comes and you're really tested when you take some knocks, some disappointments, when sadness comes.
因为伟大并不是当事情总是对你有利时才会到来，而是当你遭受一些打击、一些失望、悲伤来临时，伟大就会到来，你会受到真正的考验。
Because only if you've been in the deepest valley can you ever know how magnificent it is to be on the highest mountain.
因为只有到过最深的山谷，才知道登上最高的山峰是多么的壮丽。
Always give your best.
始终尽力而为。
Never get discouraged.
永远不要灰心。
Never be petty.
永远不要心胸狭隘。
Always remember, others may hate you, but those who hate you don't win unless you hate them.
永远记住，别人可能会恨你，但那些恨你的人不会赢，除非你恨他们。
And then, you destroy yourself.
然后，你就毁灭了自己。
On September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford granted Richard Nixon a full and absolute pardon.
1974 年 9 月 8 日，杰拉尔德·福特总统给予理查德·尼克松全面、绝对的赦免。
Over 70 others were found guilty of criminal acts and punished.
另有70余人被认定犯有犯罪行为并受到处罚。
The contradictions of Nixon's career -- his triumphs and defeats, grand vision and petty grievances -- have left their imprint on America, but his legacy remains ambiguous.
尼克松职业生涯的矛盾——他的胜利和失败、宏伟的愿景和琐碎的不满——已经在美国留下了印记，但他的遗产仍然模糊不清。
"The judgment of history," Nixon has said, "depends on who writes it."
尼克松曾说过：“历史的判断取决于历史的书写者。”
Nixon decided to use force to end the Vietnam War with "the Christmas Bombing."
尼克松决定通过“圣诞节爆炸”以武力结束越南战争。
President Nixon garnered approval with his "Silent Majority" speech in November 1969.
1969年11月，尼克松总统发表了“沉默的大多数”演讲，赢得了人们的认可。
In 1972, Nixon took a risk and responded to North Vietnamese aggression by bombing Hanoi.
1972年，尼克松冒险轰炸河内来回应北越的侵略。
The Nixon-Kennedy debates would forever change the way Americans chose their Presidents.
尼克松与肯尼迪的辩论将永远改变美国人选择总统的方式。
Nixon fired special Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox in "The Saturday Night Massacre."
尼克松在“周六晚大屠杀”中解雇了水门事件特别检察官阿奇博尔德·考克斯。
A day-by-day itinerary of Nixon's trip to China.
尼克松访华的每日行程。
Congressman Richard Nixon attacks a suspected American spy.
国会议员理查德·尼克松袭击了一名可疑的美国间谍。
Nixon appeals to the "silent majority" to elect a Republican president who can unite the American people.
尼克松呼吁“沉默的大多数”选出一位能够团结美国人民的共和党总统。
Nixon appeals to the American people to achieve greatness.
尼克松呼吁美国人民实现伟大。
Nixon turns over some of his tapes of confidential White House conversations.
尼克松交出了一些白宫机密谈话的录音带。
As the House Committee draws up articles of impeachment, Nixon announces his resignation.
当众议院委员会起草弹劾条款时，尼克松宣布辞职。