Murder at Harvard
I am a practicing physician in this city.
我是这个城市的一名执业医师。
I was called on the Saturday succeeding the arrest of Dr. Webster to the Medical College.
韦伯斯特博士被捕后的那个星期六，我被叫到医学院。
SIMON SCHAMA, Historian: History is drama and nothing is more dramatic than a trial.
历史学家西蒙·沙马：历史就是戏剧，没有什么比审判更戏剧化的了。
On trial this time was not just a man but a city and its most cherished values.
这次受审的不仅仅是一个人，还有一座城市及其最珍视的价值观。
...
...
I found that the head had been separated from the torso just below the Adam's apple by sawing through the upper vertebra...
我发现通过锯断上部椎骨，头部已与喉结下方的躯干分离......
The case was so sensational that more than 60,000 people came to witness the trial of Harvard Professor of Chemistry John White Webster...
此案轰动一时，超过6万民众前来见证哈佛大学化学教授约翰·怀特·韦伯斯特的审判……
accused of the gruesome murder of Dr. George Parkman.
被指控可怕地谋杀了乔治·帕克曼博士。
But what really happened is still debated today.
但到底发生了什么，至今仍有争议。
DR. FRANCIS MOORE, Harvard Medical School: I and many other people I'm not alone in this view looking at this case believe that he was innocent.
博士。弗朗西斯·摩尔，哈佛医学院：我和其他许多人都认为他是无辜的，我并不是唯一一个看待此案的人。
S.
S。
PARKMAN SHAW, descendent of George Parkman: There's no question in my mind that Dr. Parkman was killed by Professor Webster.
帕克曼·肖，乔治·帕克曼的后裔：在我看来，帕克曼博士是被韦伯斯特教授杀害的，这是毫无疑问的。
The overwhelming weight of the evidence indicates that.
压倒性的证据表明了这一点。
All the bowels and stomach were gone...
肠子和胃都没有了……
Some years ago when I was teaching at Harvard I stumbled over this riveting story.
几年前，当我在哈佛大学教书时，我偶然发现了这个引人入胜的故事。
I immediately wanted to know a lot more.
我立刻想了解更多。
As a historian, I thought I could untangle the web of myths, passions, and uncertainties that had surrounded this case for 150 years.
作为一名历史学家，我认为我可以解开 150 年来围绕此案的神话、激情和不确定性之网。
But what intrigued me most wasn't the whodunit.
但最让我感兴趣的并不是侦探小说。
It was the real mystery, how we know for certain what happened in the past.
这是真正的谜，我们如何确定过去发生的事情。
So when I set out to write a book about the Webster-Parkman case I knew it couldn't be a straight-forward narrative.
因此，当我开始写一本关于韦伯斯特-帕克曼案的书时，我知道这不可能是一个直截了当的叙述。
I crossed a line I wasn't supposed to cross.
我跨越了一条不该跨越的界限。
I'd be tempted to go beyond conventional history and write in a way I'd never dared before.
我很想超越传统历史并以一种我以前从未敢于的方式进行写作。
Three men are at the center of this story.
三个男人是这个故事的中心。
The first is John Webster -- the 56-year-old Harvard Medical College professor of chemistry.
第一个是约翰·韦伯斯特——56 岁的哈佛医学院化学教授。
He was the author of a highly regarded textbook, a friend and neighbor of the distinguished poet Longfellow.
他是一本备受推崇的教科书的作者，也是杰出诗人朗费罗的朋友和邻居。
He was a work-a-day professor in chemistry of those days, which was rather simple but very important.
那时他是一名每日工作的化学教授，化学相当简单，但非常重要。
It was the beginning of much of present day chemistry.
这是当今大部分化学的开端。
And he worked hard at that.
他为此付出了很大的努力。
But curiously enough, he moved amongst the upper social classes of Boston too.
但奇怪的是，他也跻身于波士顿的上层社会阶层。
John Webster wasn't rich, but he was famously affable, model husband and father; the life and soul of any party.
约翰·韦伯斯特并不富有，但他是出了名的和蔼可亲、模范丈夫和父亲。任何政党的生命和灵魂。
A few blocks away from the Harvard Medical College lived one of its most generous benefactors, Dr. George Parkman The son of a wealthy Boston merchant, Parkman had begun his medical career dedicated to helping humankind.
距离哈佛医学院几个街区远的地方住着该校最慷慨的捐助者之一乔治·帕克曼博士。帕克曼是一位波士顿富商的儿子，他开始了致力于帮助人类的医学生涯。
But now middle-aged, he'd given up practicing medicine to be a landlord and a money lender, collecting his rents on a schedule that ran like clockwork.
但现在人到中年，他放弃了行医，成为一名房东和放债人，按着精确的时间表收取租金。
Dr. George Parkman was .
乔治帕克曼博士是。
.
。
.
。
compulsive.
强迫性的。
Every little detail was important.
每个小细节都很重要。
He got up at the same time; he went to bed at the same time.
他同时站了起来；他同时上床睡觉了。
I can't imagine that he cut a very appealing vision.
我无法想象他会切出一个非常吸引人的愿景。
In the small village of Boston's upper class, Parkman and Webster had known each other all their lives.
在波士顿上流社会的小村庄里，帕克曼和韦伯斯特从小就认识。
In fact, Parkman was going to visit Webster at his laboratory in the Harvard Medical College on the day this story begins -- November the 23, 1849.
事实上，在故事开始的那天——1849 年 11 月 23 日，帕克曼本来打算去韦伯斯特位于哈佛医学院的实验室拜访。
The day George Parkman disappeared.
乔治·帕克曼失踪的那天。
Littlefield.
利特菲尔德。
Good afternoon, Dr. Parkman.
下午好，帕克曼博士。
The third person in this mystery is Ephraim Littlefield, janitor at the Medical College.
这个谜团中的第三个人是医学院的看门人以法莲·利特菲尔德（Ephraim Littlefield）。
There's not much information about Littlefield.
关于利特菲尔德的信息并不多。
But we do know that he didn't just clean the medical school and run the professors' errands.
但我们确实知道他不仅仅打扫医学院并为教授们跑腿。
Littlefield made extra money from one of the most ghoulish black market enterprises of the day -- doing business with grave robbers -- so-called Resurrection Men -- on behalf of his Harvard employers.
利特菲尔德从当时最残酷的黑市企业之一中赚了额外的钱——代表他的哈佛雇主与盗墓贼——所谓的复活人做生意。
The authorities turned a blind eye on this night-time traffic in corpses
当局对夜间运尸事件视而不见
Every anatomy department .
每个解剖科。
.
。
.has to have some person or persons who obtains the human bodies for dissection.
.必须有一个或多个人来获取人体进行解剖。
And Littlefield's job was to procure corpses, which as nearly as we know he did by buying them.
利特菲尔德的工作是获取尸体，据我们所知，他是通过购买尸体来做到这一点的。
He helped to do the dissections and if the body had to be taken apart later he did that and he did it hundreds of times a year -- he was an expert at dismemberment.
他帮助进行解剖，如果以后必须拆开尸体，他就会这么做，而且他每年都会这样做数百次——他是肢解专家。
My name is Ephraim Littlefield .
我叫以法莲·利特菲尔德。
.
。
.
。
It was Littlefield's testimony that put Webster into the prisoner's dock - - though there are those who believe he ought to have been there himself.
正是利特菲尔德的证词将韦伯斯特送上了囚犯的被告席——尽管有些人认为他本人本应到场。
My duties include attending to the professors at the college, including Professor John Webster.
我的职责包括照顾学院的教授，包括约翰·韦伯斯特教授。
What do we know for certain about the day Dr. Parkman disappeared?
关于帕克曼博士失踪的那一天，我们可以确定什么？
Professor Webster never denied that Parkman came to visit him at the Medical College that afternoon.
韦伯斯特教授从未否认帕克曼那天下午来医学院看望他。
He was coming to collect a debt.
他是来讨债的。
This is how I imagined their encounter.
这就是我对他们相遇的想象。
Ah, Dr. Parkman.
啊，帕克曼博士。
Good afternoon.
下午好。
Please come in.
请进来。
Are you ready for me, Dr. Webster?
韦伯斯特博士，你准备好迎接我了吗？
Have you got the money?
你拿到钱了吗？
But hold on ...
但等一下...
perhaps this is a step too far.
也许这一步走得太远了。
Are you ready for me, Dr. Webster?
韦伯斯特博士，你准备好迎接我了吗？
Have you got the money?
你拿到钱了吗？
That furtive look I'm attributing to Webster.
我把那种鬼鬼祟祟的表情归因于韦伯斯特。
Well, I don't really know if that happened.
嗯，我真的不知道这是否发生过。
Have you got the money?
你拿到钱了吗？
I'm supposed to be sticking to hard and fast facts, but actually we have no way of knowing what Webster was feeling at this particular moment.
我应该坚持事实，但实际上我们无法知道韦伯斯特在这个特定时刻的感受。
And perhaps we shall never know what really did happen behind this door.
也许我们永远不会知道这扇门后面到底发生了什么。
PAULINE MAIER, Historian: He's not writing a whodunit.
历史学家 PAULINE MAIER：他不是在写侦探小说。
He's trying to deal with a more philosophical issue, and that is how do we know about the past.
他试图解决一个更具哲学性的问题，那就是我们如何了解过去。
What he is struggling with is the chasm between the present and the past, and the challenge for contemporary people to overcome their anachronisms to try to get a sense of what happened in times in which they have not lived and the inevitable degree of failure that that enterprise involves.
他所面临的挑战是现在与过去之间的鸿沟，以及当代人克服时代错误的挑战，试图了解在他们没有生活过的时代发生了什么，以及这项事业所涉及的不可避免的失败程度。
This book with its faded blue paper and brown ink is the trial transcript, the actual testimony of those who said they'd witnessed the events.
这本书的蓝色纸张和棕色墨水已经褪色，是审判笔录，是那些自称亲眼目睹事件的人的真实证词。
And as soon as I started to read it the complexities and contradictions seemed to overwhelm any easy road to the truth.And one contradiction stood out glaringly right from the start .
当我开始阅读它时，复杂性和矛盾性似乎压倒了任何通向真理的捷径。有一个矛盾从一开始就引人注目。
.
。
.
。
Prof. Webster told one story about that Friday afternoon ...
韦伯斯特教授讲述了那个星期五下午的一个故事……
while Ephraim Littlefield's trial testimony gives a very different version of events.
而以法莲·利特菲尔德 (Ephraim Littlefield) 的审判证词却给出了截然不同的事件版本。
On Friday after I had eaten my dinner, I was standing near the front entry and I saw Dr. Parkman coming towards the college .
周五，我吃完晚饭后，我站在前门附近，看到帕克曼博士朝学院走来。
.
。
.
。
Littlefield first noticed irregularities that Friday afternoon when he arrived for his daily cleaning of Webster's laboratory.
利特菲尔德在周五下午到达韦伯斯特实验室进行日常清洁时首次注意到异常情况。
I found the doors bolted on the inside.
我发现门在里面用螺栓锁住了。
I thought that I heard Webster in there walking.
我想我听到韦伯斯特在那里走路。
I could hear the water running.
我能听到水流的声音。
On Friday evening at about half past five I was coming out of my kitchen and I heard someone walking on the stairs .
周五晚上五点半左右，我从厨房出来，听到有人走在楼梯上。
.
。
.
。
: Oh!
： 哦！
It's you Littlefield.
是你，利特菲尔德。
Though we have Littlefield's account of that afternoon from the trial transcript, we don't have John Webster's because under the law of the day, defendants were not allowed to testify on their own behalf.
虽然我们从审判笔录中得到了利特菲尔德对那天下午的叙述，但我们没有约翰·韦伯斯特的叙述，因为根据当时的法律，被告不得代表自己作证。
So I had to rely on Webster's letters and other evidence he left behind, which paint a different picture.
所以我不得不依赖韦伯斯特的信件和他留下的其他证据，它们描绘了一幅不同的画面。
Professor Webster's notes suggest he had been analyzing the wood of a grapevine for chemical properties.
韦伯斯特教授的笔记表明他一直在分析葡萄树木材的化学性质。
Ah, Good day Dr. Parkman.
啊，你好，帕克曼博士。
Please come in.
请进来。
Are you ready for me Dr. Webster, have you got the money?
你准备好迎接我了吗，韦伯斯特博士，你有钱吗？
: Yes, Yes I indeed I do.
: 是的，是的，我确实这样做。
I have the partial payment as I promised.
我已经按照我的承诺支付了部分款项。
According to Webster's account it was a brisk and businesslike meeting.
根据韦伯斯特的说法，这是一次轻松而务实的会议。
In his notes Webster maintained he paid Dr. Parkman the money he owed him.
韦伯斯特在笔记中坚称，他已向帕克曼博士支付了欠他的钱。
I've crossed out the debt.
我已经把债务划掉了。
I'll go to the courthouse later today and I have it cancelled.
今天晚些时候我会去法院，我已经取消了。
I wish there were more that I could do.
我希望我能做的还有更多。
Oh George, no. You've done so much already.
哦乔治，不。你已经做了这么多了。
Harriet and I are most grateful.
哈丽特和我非常感激。
Webster claims he then left the laboratory and was home in Cambridge by 3 -- well before Littlefield says he saw him on the stairs.
韦伯斯特声称他随后离开实验室，三点钟就回到了剑桥的家中——早在利特菲尔德说他在楼梯上看到他之前。
Whose version was I going to believe?
我该相信谁的版本？
Webster -- the Harvard professor or Ephraim Littlefield, the janitor, a man who trafficked in dead bodies?
韦伯斯特——哈佛大学教授还是看门人艾法莲·利特菲尔德（Ephraim Littlefield），一个贩卖尸体的人？
One thing was for sure.
有一点是肯定的。
Something happened here in John Webster's laboratory on that day in November 1849 .
1849 年 11 月的那天，约翰·韦伯斯特的实验室发生了一些事情。
.
。
.
。
and it was part of a much larger story.
这是一个更大故事的一部分。
The Boston Brahmins -- the rich and powerful elite to which George Parkman and in a more precarious way John Webster belonged - - these were the men who made this city what it was.
波士顿婆罗门——乔治·帕克曼和约翰·韦伯斯特所属的富有而有权势的精英——正是这些人使这座城市成为现在的样子。
RONALD STORY, Historian: One of the interesting things about the Boston upper-class that distinguishes it from other places is that there was this appreciation of culture and intellect and learning that really made Boston kind of special.
历史学家罗纳德·斯托里：波士顿上层阶级与其他地方的区别之一是，他们对文化、智慧和学习的欣赏，这确实使波士顿变得与众不同。
KAREN HALTTUNEN, Historian: Bostonians like to call their city the hub of the universe and the Athens of America.
KAREN HALTTUNEN，历史学家：波士顿人喜欢称他们的城市为宇宙的中心和美国的雅典。
They were proud of their cultural institutions.
他们为自己的文化机构感到自豪。
They were proud of their social reforms such as temperance, and anti-slavery, and women's rights.
他们对禁酒、反奴隶制和妇女权利等社会改革感到自豪。
And they believed themselves to be the most morally pure city in America.
他们相信自己是美国道德上最纯洁的城市。
But by 1849 deep cracks were appearing in Boston's smooth facade.
但到了 1849 年，波士顿光滑的外墙出现了深深的裂缝。
Irish immigrants were flooding in by the tens of thousands.
数以万计的爱尔兰移民涌入。
The Brahmins peered at them nervously as though they were a lower order of human.
婆罗门紧张地看着他们，仿佛他们是低等人类。
In the words of one rich Bostonian, the Athens of America was becoming the Dublin of America.
用一位富有的波士顿人的话说，美国的雅典正在成为美国的都柏林。
These Brahmins discussed the immigrants; they discussed the poverty; they discussed frightening occurrences which were taking place in the city, the necessity of the bigger police force, the filth-- all the problems that a little city has when it becomes a big city.
这些婆罗门讨论了移民问题；他们讨论了贫困问题；他们讨论了城市中发生的可怕事件、扩大警察部队的必要性、肮脏——小城市变成大城市时所面临的所有问题。
And so, there was a tension in town.
于是，城里气氛紧张起来。
So when the prominent George Parkman vanished from the streets -- it shook a city already on edge.
因此，当著名的乔治·帕克曼从街头消失时，这座已经处于紧张状态的城市震惊了。
As days passed Parkman's family grew desperate for information.
日子一天天过去，帕克曼的家人越来越渴望获得信息。
They plastered the city with posters offering a huge reward, the equivalent of $200,000 today.
他们在全城贴满了悬赏海报，悬赏金额相当于今天的 20 万美元。
And they alerted the brand new Boston police.
他们向全新的波士顿警方发出了警报。
: My name is Francis Tukey.
：我叫弗朗西斯·图基。
I am the city marshal.
我是市元帅。
I was first made acquainted with the disappearance of Dr. George Parkman on Saturday, November 24 .
我第一次得知乔治·帕克曼博士失踪是在 11 月 24 日星期六。
.
。
.
。
I sent word to police officers at the West End of the city and told them to make such inquiries for him as they could without making unnecessary publicity .
我给城西区的警察发了言，让他们尽可能为他进行调查，但不要进行不必要的宣传。
.
。
.
。
Marshal Francis Tukey had been appointed by the Boston Brahmins to keep an eye on the unruly new immigrant population.
波士顿婆罗门任命弗朗西斯·图基元帅负责监视不守规矩的新移民。
The first place that Tukey went was to the Irish - the usual scapegoats whenever anything went wrong.
图基第一个去的地方是爱尔兰人——每当出现问题时，爱尔兰人通常会成为替罪羊。
When no clues came to light the police dredged the Charles River and Boston Harbor....
当没有找到任何线索时，警察疏浚了查尔斯河和波士顿港……
They found nothing.
他们什么也没发现。
The police came back to the Harvard Medical College -- the last place Parkman had been seen -- a building of mixed reputation...
警察回到哈佛医学院——帕克曼最后一次见到的地方——一座名声参差不齐的建筑……
The Brahmins and the people of Harvard were, of course, extremely proud of the Harvard Medical College, proud of the contributions that medicine was making to Boston.
当然，婆罗门和哈佛人民对哈佛医学院感到非常自豪，为医学对波士顿做出的贡献感到自豪。
But the general public saw it differently.
但普通大众却有不同的看法。
To them the Medical College was a sinister place where dissection was performed -- a terrifying, ungodly practice.
对他们来说，医学院是一个进行解剖的危险场所——这是一种可怕的、不敬虔的做法。
A lot of the citizens of Boston thought of the Medical School as a dirty, foul, stinking, smelly place where they had dead bodies and threw them into the river and the less they had to do with it the better.
许多波士顿市民认为医学院是一个肮脏、肮脏、臭气熏天的地方，他们把尸体扔进河里，越少越好。
Rumors began to fly that the Medical College held the secret to Parkman's fate ...
谣言四起，称医学院掌握着帕克曼命运的秘密……
and Marshal Tukey ordered a search.
图基元帅下令进行搜查。
Though according to Littlefield's account, the police made only a cursory effort.
不过，根据利特菲尔德的说法，警方只是进行了粗略的努力。
Tukey's people did not do a thorough job of investigating Webster's quarters.
图基的人并没有对韦伯斯特的住处进行彻底的调查。
The police are here to search the College, Dr. Webster.
韦伯斯特博士，警察来学院搜查。
We're searching whole neighborhood Dr. Webster and reckon we need to do a thorough job of it.
我们正在寻找整个社区的韦伯斯特博士，并认为我们需要彻底解决这个问题。
Go on men, but be careful about it.
继续吧，男人们，但要小心。
We don't want to break any of Dr. Webster's instruments.
我们不想损坏韦伯斯特博士的任何仪器。
First of all they were not in fact sleuths.
首先，他们实际上并不是侦探。
Secondly I think it was difficult for people to credit the idea that a Harvard professor actually did this sort of thing.
其次，我认为人们很难相信哈佛大学教授确实做了这种事情。
What would be in here then?
那么这里会是什么？
That's where I keep my valuable and dangerous articles.
那是我存放有价值和危险物品的地方。
The way Littlefield told the story, the Harvard professor was unperturbed as the search began.
从利特菲尔德讲述故事的方式来看，这位哈佛大学教授在搜寻开始时并没有感到不安。
Until the police discovered Webster's locked privy door
直到警察发现韦伯斯特锁着的密门
What place is this?
这是什么地方？
And it appeared to Littlefield that the professor suddenly seemed anxious to divert their attention.
利特菲尔德觉得教授突然急于转移他们的注意力。
That's Dr. Webster's private privy...
那是韦伯斯特博士的私人厕所……
Gentlemen, here's another room .
先生们，这是另一个房间。
.
。
.
。
Please pardon the inconvenience doctor.
给您带来的不便请医生谅解。
But once again whom am I to believe.
但我又该相信谁呢？
.
。
.
。
because according to other accounts Prof. Webster didn't act as if he had anything to hide.
因为根据其他说法，韦伯斯特教授并没有表现出有什么要隐瞒的样子。
The afternoon of the disappearance, Webster dropped into his favorite restaurant, Brigham's, to dine on a mutton chop, took the omnibus back to Cambridge, and went to a party that evening with his friends and family as he always did.
失踪当天下午，韦伯斯特走进他最喜欢的布里格姆餐厅，吃了一顿羊排，然后乘公共汽车返回剑桥，并像往常一样，在那天晚上与朋友和家人一起参加了一个聚会。
He looked very neat and clean and calm and collected.
他看起来非常整洁、干净、冷静、镇定。
Most people saw him as the same old professor Webster.
大多数人把他视为老韦伯斯特教授。
They didn't see any change in his appearance at all.
他们根本没有看到他的容貌有任何变化。
DR. ANTHONY PATTON, Harvard Medical School: Some one even asked Webster in the course of one of these evenings, "Well, John you were apparently one of the last people to see him.
博士。安东尼·巴顿，哈佛医学院：有人甚至在其中一个晚上问韦伯斯特：“嗯，约翰，你显然是最后见到他的人之一。
Are you a suspect?" And he came out and said, "Do I look like someone who would be a murderer?" And they all laughed.
你是嫌疑人吗？”他出来问道：“我看起来像一个会杀人的人吗？”他们都笑了。
But Ephraim Littlefield couldn't help suspecting Webster.
但埃弗莱姆·利特菲尔德忍不住怀疑韦伯斯特。
Was he motivated by the reward money -- or did he want to end speculation about his own role in Parkman's disappearance.
他是受到奖金的激励，还是想结束人们对他自己在帕克曼失踪中所扮演角色的猜测。
Littlefield was becoming the ideal suspect because the spectacle of dissection was so terrifying to people at this time.
利特菲尔德成为了理想的嫌疑人，因为当时的解剖场面对人们来说是如此可怕。
And because there were always rumors that anyone able to supply the needed bodies for such study had to be a grave robber.
因为一直有传言说，能够提供这种研究所需尸体的人一定是盗墓贼。
Whenever I went out of the college, someone would say, "Dr. Parkman is in the Medical College and will be found there if he is ever found anywhere." I could never go out of the building without hearing such remarks.
每当我走出学院时，都会有人说：“帕克曼博士在医学院，如果在任何地方找到他，都会在那里找到。”我每次走出大楼都会听到这样的言论。
Littlefield testified that he thought it was Webster who was acting suspiciously -- keeping unusually long hours.
利特菲尔德作证说，他认为韦伯斯特的行为很可疑——工作时间异常长。
.
。
.
。
.
。
I went to his laboratory and tried to look through the keyhole but the catch was over it on the inside, and I could not see through.
我去了他的实验室，试图透过钥匙孔看，但锁扣在里面，所以我看不进去。
So I lay on the floor .
于是我就躺在了地板上。
.
。
.
。
but I could only see him as high up as his knees.
但我只能看到他膝盖那么高的地方。
I found it curious that Professor Webster kept his laboratory door locked nearly all the time in the days following Dr. Parkman's disappearance .
我觉得奇怪的是，在帕克曼博士失踪后的几天里，韦伯斯特教授几乎一直锁着实验室的门。
.
。
.
。
When five days had passed with no new information, Ephraim Littlefield took the next step.
五天过去了，仍然没有新的信息，埃弗雷姆·利特菲尔德采取了下一步行动。
To solve the mystery he would search the bowels of the Medical College ...
为了解开这个谜团，他要深入医学院的内部……
beneath John Webster's locked privy.
在约翰·韦伯斯特上锁的厕所下面。
All other parts had been searched, and if nothing should be found in the privy, I could convince the public that Dr. Parkman had not met with foul play in the college.
所有其他部分都已被搜查过，如果在厕所里找不到任何东西，我就可以让公众相信帕克曼博士在学院里没有遇到过犯规行为。
The question for us is why he would undertake such a horrific job.
我们面临的问题是为什么他会承担如此可怕的工作。
The only way he could get into that privy vault was to descend through a trap door into a very dark and sewage filled area maybe four feet high.
他进入那个私人金库的唯一方法是通过活板门下降到一个非常黑暗且充满污水的区域，大约有四英尺高。
And then crawl on his hands and knees sixty feet to reach the privy vault.
然后用手和膝盖爬行六十英尺到达私人金库。
The air was so bad down there that he had trouble keeping his lantern lit.
那里的空气很糟糕，他很难点燃灯笼。
He had to tunnel his way through five courses of brick work using a hammer and a crow bar.
他必须使用锤子和撬棍在五层砖砌工程中挖出一条隧道。
And the entire task took him about a day and a half.
整个任务花了他大约一天半的时间。
I put my wife to watch the doors, telling her to let no one in, unless she saw who it was.
我让我的妻子看守门，告诉她不让任何人进来，除非她看到是谁。
I told her if Dr. Webster came to the door not to let him in unless she first came into the kitchen and gave four raps on the floor to warn me.
我告诉她，如果韦伯斯特医生来到门口，不要让他进来，除非她先走进厨房，敲击地板四下以警告我。
JAMES GOODMAN, Historian: For a historian interested in a person who left n o record like Littlefield, the trial transcript becomes our way into it.
詹姆斯·古德曼，历史学家：对于一个对像利特菲尔德这样没有留下任何记录的人感兴趣的历史学家来说，审判笔录成为我们了解其中的途径。
It's a complicated way into it.
这是一个复杂的方法。
It's not Littlefield speaking to us.
这不是利特菲尔德在对我们说话。
It's Littlefield answering questions that are being posed to him by lawyers with particular agendas, mediated through a court reporter, but we have Littlefield's voice.
利特菲尔德正在回答由具有特定议程的律师向他提出的问题，并通过法庭记者进行调解，但我们听到了利特菲尔德的声音。
I knocked the bigness of the hole right through.
我直接把这个大洞敲了过去。
I managed to get in and to get the light and my head into the hole, and then I held my light forward...and the first thing which I saw was the pelvis of a man and two parts of a leg.
我设法钻进去，把灯和我的头放进洞里，然后我把灯向前举……我首先看到的是一个男人的骨盆和一条腿的两部分。
The testimony tells us what Littlefield saw - - or rather what he said he saw.
证词告诉我们利特菲尔德看到了什么——或者更确切地说，他说他看到了什么。
But was he telling everything he knew...
但他是否把他所知道的一切都说了出来……
He knew just exactly where to break through that brick wall, and as soon as he broke through, there was the body.
他清楚地知道从哪里突破那堵砖墙，一旦突破，尸体就出现了。
It rather suggests that he had put it there, and I believe he had.
相反，这表明他已经把它放在那里了，我相信他已经放在那里了。
The police, however, thought otherwise.
然而，警方却不这么认为。
They testified that they took Webster that evening from his Cambridge home across the river to Boston.
他们作证称，当天晚上，他们将韦伯斯特从剑桥的家带到了河对岸的波士顿。
The officers told him only that he was wanted at the Medical College.
警察只告诉他，医学院正在通缉他。
But when the police carriage stopped, Webster saw they'd brought him to the City Jail.
但当警车停下来时，韦伯斯特看到他们把他带到了市监狱。
What does all this mean?
这一切意味着什么？
Dr. Webster, we have finished looking for the body of Dr. Parkman.
韦伯斯特博士，我们已经完成了对帕克曼博士尸体的寻找。
We shall not look for his body any more.
我们不会再寻找他的尸体了。
You are now in custody on a charge of the murder of Dr. Parkman.
您现在因谋杀帕克曼博士而被拘留。
Have they found Dr. Parkman?
他们找到帕克曼博士了吗？
It's not proper for me to answer that question, sir.
先生，我不适合回答这个问题。
You might tell me something about it.
你可以告诉我一些有关它的事情。
Where did they find him?
他们在哪里找到他的？
How came they suspect me?
他们怎么怀疑我的？
Does anyone but you have access to your private apartments, Professor Webster?
韦伯斯特教授，除了您之外，还有谁可以进入您的私人公寓吗？
No, no one had access to my private apartments except the janitor who makes the fire...
不，除了生火的看门人之外，没有人可以进入我的私人公寓......
(Long pause.) That villain.
（停顿良久）那个恶棍。
Though Webster did his best to implicate Littlefield, the police took no notice.But I couldn't let it go.
虽然韦伯斯特尽了最大的努力去牵连利特菲尔德，但警方却没有理睬。但我不能放过。
There were so many strange things about Ephraim Littlefield's behavior that I felt I'd never get to the bottom of the story until I understood what part the janitor had played in Dr. Parkman's disappearance.
以法莲·利特菲尔德的行为中有太多奇怪的事情，我觉得除非我明白看门人在帕克曼博士的失踪中扮演了什么角色，否则我永远无法查清故事的真相。
Unlike his rich employers, Littlefield left behind scant evidence of how he thought or spoke.
与他富有的雇主不同，利特菲尔德留下的证据很少表明他的想法或言论。
But the voice of men like Littlefield does survive in letters and diaries of the time, and I read enough of them to make me think I could hear him speak.
但像利特菲尔德这样的人的声音确实存在于当时的信件和日记中，我读了足够多的内容，让我觉得我能听到他说话。
REENACTMENT - HARVARD DOCTOR Ah is that fresh one then, Littlefield?
重演——哈佛博士 啊，那是新鲜的吗，利特菲尔德？
Yes doctor...
是的医生...
I heard a voice full of resentment toward the Harvard professors -- those lofty men of science...As he cleared their rubbish.
当他清理他们的垃圾时，我听到一个对哈佛教授——那些崇高的科学家——充满怨恨的声音。
.
。
.
。
and got them their cadavers.
并给他们找到了尸体。
And as I searched deeper into how the working class lived I felt myself being pulled toward a different kind of story-telling .
当我更深入地研究工人阶级的生活方式时，我感觉自己被拉向一种不同的讲故事方式。
.
。
.
。
joining for the first time the many writer who choose fiction, not history, as their instrument to make the past live again.
第一次加入许多作家的行列，他们选择小说而不是历史作为让过去重获新生的工具。
Maybe I thought what I was after was not a literal documentary truth but a poetic truth -- an imaginative truth -- and for that I was going to have to become my own Resurrection man.
也许我认为我所追求的不是字面上的纪实真相，而是诗意的真相——想象的真相——为此我必须成为我自己的复活者。
I was going to have to make these characters live again and invent what might have run through Littlefield's mind as he crawled toward Webster's privy.
我必须让这些角色再次活起来，并发明当利特菲尔德爬向韦伯斯特的厕所时他脑子里可能想到的东西。
I never liked it, having to sell cadavers to the students for dissection.
我从来不喜欢这样，不得不把尸体卖给学生们进行解剖。
.
。
.
。
but how was I and Caroline and the children live on the pittance the College paid me otherwise?
但我和卡罗琳以及孩子们如何靠学院付给我的微薄生活过活呢？
You learn a lot tending the professor's stoves, washing their sinks, clearing their trash.
你会学到很多东西，比如照顾教授的炉子、清洗水槽、清理垃圾。
The temptation, in dealing with a person like Ephraim Littlefield who is inarticulate, that is, who doesn't leave copious written records, is, I think, to put words into his mouth.
我认为，在与像以法莲·利特菲尔德这样不善言辞的人打交道时，也就是说，他不会留下大量的书面记录，他的诱惑就是把话塞到他嘴里。
And whether they are the kinds of words that he would have spoken is always an issue.
而这些话是否是他会说的话始终是一个问题。
Webster, he was always at me like some yapping dog.
韦伯斯特，他总是像一只狂吠的狗一样对着我。
There had always been bad feelings between us.
我们之间一直有不好的感觉。
I knew he wanted to be rid of me years ago and had told stories to the Dean but nothing would come of it.
我知道他几年前就想摆脱我，并向院长讲了故事，但没有任何结果。
But now who was the villain?
但现在谁是恶棍呢？
Most human experience happens inside our heads in what we're thinking.
大多数人类经验都发生在我们头脑中的思考中。
It happens in conversations among people.
它发生在人与人之间的对话中。
The huge mass of human experience happens there.
大量的人类经验发生在那里。
Whole realms are inaccessible unless a historian is willing to think about how he or she can use the evidence to get inside people's heads.
除非历史学家愿意思考他或她如何利用证据进入人们的头脑，否则整个领域都是无法进入的。
But once the historian invents, he moves from the genre of history into the genre of fiction.
但一旦历史学家发明了，他就会从历史类型转向小说类型。
The fiction may still yeield historical understanding but they are two different genres.
小说可能仍能产生历史理解，但它们是两种不同的类型。
I knew I was crossing a line historians don't usually cross, the line that separates history from fiction.
我知道我正在跨越一条历史学家通常不会跨越的界限，这条界限将历史与虚构分开。
But instinctively I felt I was coming to understand Ephraim Littlefield's motivation.
但我本能地觉得我开始理解以法莲·利特菲尔德的动机了。
He was not a murderer.
他不是杀人犯。
It was bitterness towards Webster and towards his own lot in life that drove him to do that dirty job.
正是对韦伯斯特和他自己的生活的痛苦驱使他去做那项肮脏的工作。
It's extremely important that historians do not present an account of the past as a work of scholarship if in fact it is fiction.
极其重要的是，如果历史学家对过去的描述实际上是虚构的，那么就不要将其作为学术著作来呈现。
But fiction can convey the past more effectively in some ways than certain kinds of traditional histories because it does create the ambiance of the past.
但小说在某些方面比某些传统历史更有效地传达过去，因为它确实创造了过去的氛围。
I knew enough about bodies and bones to recognize what I saw.
我对身体和骨骼有足够的了解，能够认出我所看到的东西。
A pelvis, some pieces of leg.
一个骨盆，一些腿的碎片。
They were so white, you see, so clean and white.
你看，它们是那么白，那么干净、洁白。
With Webster's arrest crowds converged on the medical college threatening to burn it to the ground....
韦伯斯特被捕后，人群聚集在医学院，威胁要将其烧毁......
Working class Boston became excited by the notion that ghoulish occurrences that they assumed were taking place in the Medical College were actually taking place there.
波士顿的工人阶级对他们认为发生在医学院的残忍事件实际上发生在那里的想法感到兴奋。
Rioting swept the city.
骚乱席卷了整个城市。
The mayor called out troops to restore order.
市长出动军队恢复秩序。
As for Webster's fellow Boston Brahmins they found it inconceivable that one of their own could have committed such a heinous crime.
至于韦伯斯特的波士顿婆罗门同胞，他们觉得难以置信，自己的一个人竟然犯下了如此令人发指的罪行。
A Harvard colleague of Webster's wrote: "The melancholy is indescribable.
韦伯斯特的一位哈佛大学同事写道：“那种忧郁是难以形容的。
People cannot eat; they feel sick.
人不能吃饭；他们感觉不舒服。
If Dr. Webster has committed the murder, it seems as if we are to lose all confidence in the human race."
如果韦伯斯特博士犯下了谋杀罪，我们似乎就会对人类失去所有信心。”
John Webster's trial began March 19, 1850 and lasted 12 days.
约翰·韦伯斯特的审判于 1850 年 3 月 19 日开始，持续了 12 天。
Reporters came from London, Paris, and Berlin.
记者来自伦敦、巴黎和柏林。
The shocking details of the Brahmins' fall from grace kept the public riveted
婆罗门失宠的令人震惊的细节吸引了公众的注意力
There were 120 periodicals.in Boston around 1850.
1850 年左右，波士顿有 120 种期刊。
There would be people hawking newspapers all over the place.
到处都会有人叫卖报纸。
You couldn't avoid it.
你无法避免它。
It would almost be like the O.J.
它几乎就像 O.J.
Simpson trial on television.
辛普森的审判在电视上播出。
And this is a perfect example of serious social drama becoming mass entertainment.
这是严肃的社会戏剧成为大众娱乐的完美例子。
One entrepreneur advertised wax statues of Webster and Parkman, and newspaper accounts exploited the public's growing appetite for murder mysteries.
一位企业家为韦伯斯特和帕克曼的蜡像做广告，报纸报道利用了公众对谋杀之谜日益增长的兴趣。
Detective fiction was almost brand new at the time of the Parkman murder.
在帕克曼谋杀案发生时，侦探小说几乎是全新的。
And journalists found every possible detective fiction convention that they needed to tell this story.
记者们找到了讲述这个故事所需的所有可能的侦探小说惯例。
This story begins, of course, with a mysterious disappearance.
当然，这个故事是从一次神秘失踪开始的。
It then moves to a dramatic revelation.
然后它转向一个戏剧性的启示。
It has a red herring in the form of Ephraim Littlefield.
它有一个以埃弗莱姆·利特菲尔德（Ephraim Littlefield）的形式转移注意力的人。
And these are conventions that readers are becoming more and more familiar with based on their reading of fiction.
这些都是读者在阅读小说的基础上越来越熟悉的惯例。
The city marshal ordered a chain wrapped around the courthouse to control the thousands of spectators who were rotated through in ten-minute shifts.
市法警下令在法院周围缠绕一条铁链，以控制以十分钟轮流轮流通过的数千名观众。
Professor Webster maintained his innocence throughout the proceedings, despite some damning evidence.
尽管有一些确凿的证据，韦伯斯特教授在整个诉讼过程中都坚称自己无罪。
After we took the body out, we went into the laboratory.
把尸体抬出来后，我们就进了实验室。
I reached into the stove and pulled out a chunk of burnt coal.
我把手伸进炉子里，拿出一块烧焦的煤。
A piece of bone was sticking to it.
一块骨头粘在上面。
But before the prosecutors could prove Webster was a murderer, they had to convince the jury that these body parts were indeed those of George Parkman...
但在检察官证明韦伯斯特是凶手之前，他们必须让陪审团相信这些身体部位确实是乔治·帕克曼的……
The first days of the trial found Boston's top doctors offering their expertise, including one of the earliest examples of dental forensics in American legal history.
审判的第一天，波士顿的顶级医生提供了他们的专业知识，其中包括美国法律史上最早的牙科法医案例之一。
I am Nathan C.
我是内森·C.
Keep.
保留。
I am a surgeon-dentist.
我是一名外科医生兼牙医。
Dr. Lewis presented me three portions of mineral teeth, which had been taken from the furnace.
刘易斯博士向我展示了从熔炉中取出的三部分矿物牙齿。
I recognized them as being the same teeth that I had made for Dr. Parkman three years before.
我认出它们和三年前我为帕克曼医生制作的牙齿是一样的。
I immediately said, "Dr. Parkman is gone; we shall see him no more!"
我立即说道：“帕克曼医生走了；我们再也见不到他了！”
George Parkman's dentist testified that remnants of false teeth that were found in Webster's laboratory stove did indeed belong to Parkman.
乔治·帕克曼的牙医作证说，在韦伯斯特实验室炉子中发现的假牙残留物确实属于帕克曼。
John Webster's lawyers called another dentist who testified that they could have belonged to anyone.
约翰·韦伯斯特的律师打电话给另一位牙医，牙医作证说它们可能属于任何人。
There was nothing dissimilar...
没有什么不同...
With so many contradictory witnesses, I would have found it very diffcult to judge John Webster guilty or innocent - But one piece of the testimony jumped out at me as very significant.
有这么多相互矛盾的证人，我会发现很难判断约翰·韦伯斯特有罪或无罪——但其中一个证词让我觉得非常重要。
George Parkman's brother-in-law, Robert Gould Shaw, described a fateful encounter on the street some months before Parkman's disappearance.
乔治·帕克曼的妹夫罗伯特·古尔德·肖描述了帕克曼失踪前几个月在街上发生的一次致命的遭遇。
I was walking with Dr. Parkman one day in Mt. Vernon Street when we met Dr. Webster.
有一天，我和帕克曼博士在弗农山街散步时遇到了韦伯斯特博士。
After we passed, I spoke of Dr. Webster's application to me of money and of his sale to me of his minerals.
我们过去后，我谈到了韦伯斯特博士向我申请金钱以及他向我出售他的矿物的事。
Dr. Parkman thereupon said, "They are not his to sell; I have a mortgage on them.
帕克曼博士随即说道：“它们不是他可以卖的；我有它们的抵押贷款。
He said he would see Dr. Webster and give him a piece of his mind."
他说他会见韦伯斯特博士并告诉他他的想法。”
It suddenly dawned on me that Shaw's description of that brief meeting could begin to explain what had set these men on their fatal collison course.
我突然意识到，肖对那次短暂会面的描述可以开始解释是什么让这些人走上致命的碰撞路线。
I discovered Webster had squandered his inheritance early on -- and his determination to hang on to his position in society repeatedly got him into financial trouble.
我发现韦伯斯特很早就挥霍了他的遗产，而他坚持维持社会地位的决心一再陷入财务困境。
Professor Webster got in over his head because he couldn't quite afford to live the way some of his fellow professors lived like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow who was married to a very wealthy woman.
韦伯斯特教授感到困惑，因为他无法像他的一些教授同事那样生活，比如娶了一位非常富有的女人的亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗。
And he had four daughters so he really needed to throw soirees and parties and make sure that the daughters had fancy dresses and so forth.
他有四个女儿，所以他确实需要举办晚会和派对，并确保女儿们穿着漂亮的衣服等等。
His scientific curiosity led him into more extravagant expenditures.
他的科学好奇心导致他花费更多。
He helped Harvard buy a $3,000 mastodon though he couldn't meet his own debts.
尽管他无法偿还自己的债务，但他还是帮助哈佛购买了一只价值 3,000 美元的乳齿象。
Soon he was borrowing from wealthy acquaintances to keep up the lavish lifestyle.
很快，他就向富有的熟人借钱来维持奢侈的生活方式。
I also discovered a dark side.
我还发现了黑暗的一面。
Rumors of a rape lingered from his student days in London, and he appeared to have a streak of cruelty.
从他在伦敦的学生时代起，有关强奸的谣言就一直存在，他似乎有一种残忍的倾向。
He took a puppy into his class and the story goes that Webster beat this puppy's head in in order to show what happened to a living organism when they were injured in such a way, and then let the puppy die without any help.
他带了一只小狗到他的班级，据说韦伯斯特敲打了这只小狗的头，以展示当生物体受到这种方式伤害时会发生什么，然后让小狗在没有任何帮助的情况下死去。
But what secrets in George Parkman's past would explain his intense rage towards Webster?
但乔治·帕克曼过去的哪些秘密可以解释他对韦伯斯特的强烈愤怒呢？
To understand George Parkman, you need to understand a little bit about his father, Samuel Parkman.
要了解乔治·帕克曼，您需要了解一些关于他的父亲塞缪尔·帕克曼的信息。
After all, his father had been the richest man in town.
毕竟，他的父亲曾经是镇上最富有的人。
But, he was a bully.
但是，他是一个恶霸。
His children were shy, retiring.
他的孩子们很害羞，不愿出门。
George Parkman his son must have felt under tremendous pressure to perform.
他的儿子乔治·帕克曼一定感受到了巨大的表演压力。
After getting his degree from Harvard the young Parkman studied medicine abroad.
从哈佛大学获得学位后，年轻的帕克曼出国学习医学。
In Paris Parkman was introduced to progressive methods for treating mental illness .
在巴黎，帕克曼了解到治疗精神疾病的渐进方法。
.
。
.
。
and he discovered his calling.
他发现了自己的使命。
He came home determined to create the first modern institution for the insane in Massachusetts.
他回国后决心在马萨诸塞州创建第一个现代精神病院。
He provided family money to help establish an asylum and he assumed the trustees would name him head.
他向家人提供资金来帮助建立庇护所，并认为受托人会任命他为院长。
But Parkman was passed over.
但帕克曼被忽略了。
His hopes dashed - he descended into a bitter middle age.
他的希望破灭了——他陷入了痛苦的中年。
He must have felt small, incapable, and artless compared to his extremely aggressive, successful father.
与他极其好斗、成功的父亲相比，他一定感到自己渺小、无能、天真。
And this led to a personality that was at best rebarbitive.
这导致了一种充其量是令人厌恶的性格。
He was quite an unattractive man.
他是一个相当没有吸引力的人。
Parkman left medicine to oversee his tenement buildings throughout Boston's slums, and to become a money lender.
帕克曼离开医学界，去监督他遍布波士顿贫民窟的公寓楼，并成为一名放债人。
By 1849 he had lent John Webster some 2,400 dollars -- and held the mortgage on nearly everything Webster owned.
到 1849 年，他已经借给约翰·韦伯斯特大约 2,400 美元，并以韦伯斯特拥有的几乎所有东西作为抵押。
George Parkman would find a penniless professor really beneath his dignity.
乔治·帕克曼会发现一个身无分文的教授确实有损他的尊严。
But there was also the element of jealousy.
但也有嫉妒的因素。
Here was a man whom Parkman thought his social inferior succeeding in medicine where Parkman had failed.
帕克曼认为这个人的社会地位低下，但他却在医学上取得了成功，而帕克曼却失败了。
Finally I had enough information to put words in these characters' mouths.
最后我有了足够的信息，可以把话放到这些人物的嘴里。
That moment on the street no longer played out in silence.
街上的那一刻不再是寂静的。
Now their conversation came to me, loud and clear.
现在我想起了他们的谈话，声音响亮而清晰。
You know he made an application of money to me some time ago .
你知道他不久前向我申请了一笔钱。
.
。
.
。
I tried to make the money a gift, but he wouldn't hear of it.
我试图把这笔钱当作礼物，但他不听。
He insisted on pledgingme his mineral collection .
他坚持要把他收藏的矿物抵押给我。
.
。
.
。
Though what I would do with it I have no idea.
虽然我不知道我会用它做什么。
Why, the impertinence!
为什么，无礼！
I hold a mortgage on everything John Webster owns -- including that mineral collection.
我对约翰·韦伯斯特拥有的一切都持有抵押贷款——包括矿物收藏。
It's an affront to right dealing, it's a naive fraud.
这是对正确交易的侮辱，是天真的欺诈。
It's an abuse of friendly generosity and a monstrous outrage.
这是对友好慷慨的滥用和极大的愤怒。
Didn't I use my good services to secure him his appointment at Harvard?
我不是用我的良好服务让他获得了哈佛的任命吗？
Through all his years of slovenly and erratic conduct, haven't I sustained this ridiculous and unworthy man if only for the sake of his wife and children and the college?
他这么多年不修边幅、反复无常的行为，我难道不是为了他的妻儿和学院而养活了这个可笑的、不值得的男人吗？
Is this how such charity is to be repaid?
难道这样的善行就应该得到回报吗？
I'm going to give him a piece of my mind.
我要把我的想法告诉他。
Oh George calm yourself, it's a trivial thing...
哦乔治冷静点，这是一件微不足道的事情......
NATALIE ZEMON DAVIS, Historian: The historians' fictionalizing can help him or her ask new questions about his evidence, questions that might never have come up before.
娜塔莉·泽蒙·戴维斯，历史学家：历史学家的虚构可以帮助他或她对他的证据提出新的问题，这些问题以前可能从未出现过。
When you're trying to put yourself fully in the mind of your actors and see them moving through the streets of Boston, for instance, or moving through a trial, you suddenly think about things you never -- had occurred to you before.
例如，当你试图将自己完全置于演员的脑海中，看到他们走过波士顿的街道，或者经历一场审判时，你会突然想到以前从未想过的事情。
You might even then be able to go back to the evidence and find the answers.
您甚至可以回到证据并找到答案。
Now I knew why Parkman was so furious - it wasn't the money - it was the burning shame of being fooled by the likes of Webster.
现在我知道帕克曼为什么如此愤怒了——不是因为钱——而是因为被韦伯斯特这样的人愚弄而感到羞愧。
I will see you in court John Webster.
我会在法庭上见到你约翰·韦伯斯特。
I will have an officer put at your house.
我将派一名官员到你家。
So when I learned of Parkman's merciless hounding of Webster, I could put myself in the professor's skin and feel the unbearable humiliation of Dr. Parkman's threats.
因此，当我得知帕克曼对韦伯斯特的无情追捕时，我可以设身处地地体会帕克曼博士的威胁所带来的难以忍受的羞辱。
George really is an extremely sharp and disagreeable man.
乔治确实是一个极其尖锐而又令人讨厌的人。
Going so far as to accost me in our home and in front of our friends!
竟然在家里和朋友面前跟我搭话！
Of course you know that that would nothing compared to any kind of ordeal with the law.
当然你知道，与任何形式的法律考验相比，这根本算不了什么。
You do know that now George has threatened to take this to the law?
你知道乔治现在威胁要将此事诉诸法律吗？
How would we ever bear the mortification?
我们怎么能忍受这种屈辱呢？
Oh Harriet, what in God's name are we to do?
噢，哈丽特，看在上帝的份上，我们该怎么办？
It is like the experience that novel writers have, when they say I create my characters and then I stop writing them and they write me, and it's as though the historical figure beckons you.
这就像小说作家的经历，当他们说我创造了我的角色，然后我停止写他们，他们写我，就好像历史人物在向你招手。
But it is not - if you're a good historian - just because you've made it up - it's because you've richly worked on the evidence.
但如果你是一位优秀的历史学家，这并不是因为你编造了它，而是因为你对证据进行了丰富的研究。
Now that I felt free to let my imagination work to get me closer to the truth.
现在我可以自由地发挥我的想象力，让我更接近事实。
When I went back to the trial transcript to read about John Webster's fate, the words on paper had much more emotional power.
当我回到审判笔录阅读约翰·韦伯斯特的命运时，纸上的文字具有更多的情感力量。
It took the jury only two hours to reach its verdict.
陪审团仅用了两个小时就做出了裁决。
The clerk asked the foreman: "What say you, is John White Webster guilty or not guilty?"
职员问工头：“你说约翰·怀特·韦伯斯特有罪还是无罪？”
Take me away!
带我走吧！
Why have me here to be gazed upon!
为什么要让我在这里被人注视！
Webster was sentenced to hang for the murder...
韦伯斯特因谋杀罪被判处绞刑...
a fate which immediately struck many people as far too harsh.
许多人立即感到这一命运太过残酷。
Like the jury, I now feel sure John Webster did kill George Parkman...
和陪审团一样，我现在确信约翰·韦伯斯特确实杀了乔治·帕克曼……
Whether or not he committed a pre-meditated murder.
他是否犯下了有预谋的谋杀案。
Now that's an entirely different question.
现在这是一个完全不同的问题。
We're probably never going to know the whole truth but in the end, I do think this is the moparway it all played out on November the 23, 1849.
我们可能永远不会知道全部真相，但最终，我确实认为这就是 1849 年 11 月 23 日发生的一切。
Good day Dr. Parkman.
美好的一天，帕克曼博士。
Please come in...
请进来...
Are you ready for me sir?
先生，你准备好迎接我了吗？
I'm grateful you've come.
我很感激你能来。
I'm hopeful that we can discuss our affairs and I might have a chance to explain my intentions...
我希望我们可以讨论我们的事务，我可能有机会解释我的意图......
Have you got the money?
你拿到钱了吗？
No George, I cannot pay you this week.
不，乔治，我这周不能付钱给你。
However, as soon as the tickets are sold to next term's lectures, I assure you...
然而，一旦下学期讲座的门票售出，我向你保证......
You sent for me Dr. Webster.
你派了韦伯斯特博士来找我。
I presumed because you had the money you owed me.
我猜想是因为你有欠我的钱。
Now you say you merely want to discuss your intentions.
现在你说你只是想讨论你的意图。
Here are your promissory notespard -- worthless bits of paper from a liar like you.
这是你的期票——来自像你这样的骗子的毫无价值的纸片。
George, please, you must understand the tangle of circumstances I find myself in.
乔治，拜托，你一定要理解我所处的困境。
Now, while I apologize for any slight that you may perceived on my part, I...
现在，虽然我对我的任何轻视表示歉意，但我...
I will take these notes to a court officer.
我会将这些笔记交给法庭官员。
You will be under arrest by the day's end.
到今天结束你就会被捕。
No, George, George.
不，乔治，乔治。
For God's sake be reasonable.
看在上帝的份上，讲点道理吧。
Now, this is not gentlemanly behavior...
现在看来，这不是绅士行为……
REENACTMENT - PARKMAN: You dare to talk to me about proper conduct of a gentleman.
重演 - 帕克曼：你竟然敢跟我谈论绅士的正确行为。
Were you acting like a gentleman when you deceived me?
你骗我的时候还表现得很绅士吗？
When you lied to your friends?
当你对朋友撒谎的时候？
Is that how a gentleman like you conducts his affairs?
像你这样的绅士就是这样处事的吗？
I'm telling you, there is a simple explanation for all this...
我告诉你，这一切都有一个简单的解释......
Here is a letter from Dr. Hosack congratulating me on getting you your appointment at the Medical College.
这是霍萨克博士的一封信，祝贺我获得医学院的任命。
Do you remember that, Sir?
先生，您还记得吗？
Yes, of course, I appreciate everything you've done for...
是的，当然，我感谢你所做的一切......
It was I who put you here .
是我把你放在这里的。
.
。
.
。
and I can have you removed just as easily!
我也可以轻松地把你除掉！
And I will, you villainous cheat!
我会的，你这个邪恶的骗子！
George.
乔治.
Surely you understand my situation.
你当然了解我的处境。
As soon as the new term begins I assure you I will make good on the entire debt .
新学期一开始，我向你们保证，我将偿还全部债务。
.
。
.
。
Lies and more lies!
谎言，还有更多的谎言！
I am not the fool you take me for, Professor.
我不是你认为的傻瓜，教授。
This time you've gone too far, and I will have your position removed.
这次你太过分了，我要撤掉你的职位。
No, George, my family.
不，乔治，我的家人。
My daughters!
我的女儿们！
At the least for the sake of them .
至少是为了他们好。
.
。
.
。
Your family?!
你的家人？！
Why weren't you thinking of them as pulled them deeper into debt?
你为什么不认为他们让他们陷入更深的债务呢？
George, I have never done anything to harm or embarrass them...
乔治，我从来没有做过任何伤害或羞辱他们的事情......
You are an embarrassment to your family and to the college.
你让你的家人和大学蒙羞。
And you are a rogue who doesn't pay his debts.
而你就是一个不还债的流氓。
A liar and a cheat!
一个骗子和一个骗子！
George...Come on George, come on...
乔治……来吧乔治，来吧……
George, why are you doing this to me?
乔治，你为什么要这样对我？
Why are you doing this?
你为什么要这样做？
Oh, God...
哦，上帝...
George...
乔治...
It was 19th-century Boston that was writing the script now -- making these imaginings credible.
现在是 19 世纪的波士顿正在撰写剧本——让这些想象变得可信。
And the story it was telling was much bigger and much sadder even than this extraordinary notorious crime.
它所讲述的故事甚至比这起臭名昭著的非凡犯罪还要宏大得多、悲伤得多。
Because it was the story of a whole community in the process of losing its innocence and the cast of characters was caught up in this grim rite of passage.
因为这是一个整个社区失去纯真的过程的故事，而剧中的角色也陷入了这个残酷的成人仪式。
Webster who was trying desparately to cling to the gentility into which he was born and which he thought was his due.
韦伯斯特拼命地试图保持他与生俱来的绅士风度，他认为这是他应得的。
Parkman thwarted and frustrated at not being able to follow his chosen vocation.
帕克曼因无法从事他所选择的职业而受到挫折和沮丧。
Littlefield condemned to be polite to those who were keeping him in his place.
利特菲尔德谴责要对那些让他留在原地的人保持礼貌。
And the great city itself -- the birthplace of America, the hub of the New Republic -- so it liked to think -- shaken to the core by an event which turned upside down what it had always thought was the right order of things.
而这座伟大的城市本身——美国的诞生地，新共和国的中心——它喜欢这样想——被一个颠覆了它一直认为的正确秩序的事件彻底动摇了。
John Webster was hanged on August the 30th, 1850.
1850 年 8 月 30 日，约翰·韦伯斯特被绞死。
In proper Boston style the sheriff sent engraved invitations to the city's VIPs.
治安官以典型的波士顿风格向该市的贵宾发出了刻有铭文的邀请函。
Later that night Webster was hastily buried in the unfashionable Copps Hill cemetery...
当晚晚些时候，韦伯斯特被匆忙埋葬在不合时宜的科普斯山公墓……
Nothing could have been farther from his hopes of a stylish funeral attended by his peers.
他希望能有一个由同辈的人参加的时尚葬礼，这与他的愿望相去甚远。
But secrecy was paramount; the grave robbers were about .
但保密是最重要的。盗墓者大约。
.
。
.
。
and a notorious corpse like Webster's would sell at a premium.
像韦伯斯特这样臭名昭著的尸体会高价出售。
Apparently there once was a flat stone marking John Webster's last resting place.
显然，曾经有一块平坦的石头标记着约翰·韦伯斯特的最后安息地。
But at some point that vanished so we actually don't really know where his remains lie.
但在某个时候消失了，所以我们实际上并不知道他的遗骸埋在哪里。
That seems altogether appropriate in a story all about disappearances - all about the slipperiness of the truth.
这对于一个关于失踪的故事来说似乎是完全合适的——都是关于真相的狡猾。
In any case history is never really about resting places, about arrivals, conclusions .
无论如何，历史从来都不是真正关于安息之地、到达者、结论的。
.
。
.
。
it's a long journey through memory, stopping off here and there to break bread with the dead.
这是一段穿越记忆的漫长旅程，时不时地停下来与死者一起分享面包。
In the end, history isn't written to arrive at a verdict.
最后，书写历史并不是为了得出结论。
It's written like poetry or philosophy or great fiction to help us explore the nature of the human condition.
它像诗歌、哲学或伟大小说一样写作，帮助我们探索人类状况的本质。
To understand what we are through what we think we've done.
通过我们认为自己做过的事情来了解我们是谁。
Ephraim Littlefield received the $3,000 reward and retired a wealthy man.
艾法莲·利特菲尔德 (Ephraim Littlefield) 获得了 3,000 美元的奖金，并以富翁的身份退休了。
Dr. George Parkman's widow was the first contributor to a fund created for John Webster's improverished family after his execution.
乔治·帕克曼博士的遗孀是为约翰·韦伯斯特被处决后改善的家庭设立的基金的第一位捐助者。
Simon Schama's book Dead Certainties was published in 1991.
西蒙·沙玛 (Simon Schama) 的著作《死亡确定性》(Dead certainties) 于 1991 年出版。
Its blending of history and fiction sparked much controversy.
其历史与虚构的融合引发了很多争议。
Newspaper reports on suspects and evidence, plus trial testimony and a confession.
报纸报道嫌疑人和证据，以及审判证词和供词。
Tour the set of Webster's laboratory — the scene of the crime — with the film crew.
与电影摄制组一起参观韦伯斯特实验室的场景——犯罪现场。
Historian Simon Schama describes his approach to the story of Parkman's murder.
历史学家西蒙·沙马描述了他对帕克曼谋杀案的处理方式。
Meet the extraordinary Boston family that made history — in more ways than one.
来认识一下以多种方式创造历史的非凡波士顿家族。
A brief timeline of western medical history (130 C.E.
西方医学史简述（公元 130 年）
– 1973)
– 1973）
Medical instruments and teaching tools from the mid-19th century.
19世纪中叶的医疗仪器和教学工具。
Dr. John W.
约翰·W.博士
Webster was arrested for the murder of George Parkman on November 30, 1849.
1849 年 11 月 30 日，韦伯斯特因谋杀乔治·帕克曼而被捕。
Few details are known about Ephraim Littlefield, the character on whom the Parkman murder case turned.
关于帕克曼谋杀案所针对的人物埃弗莱姆·利特菲尔德（Ephraim Littlefield）的细节知之甚少。
Littlefield's testimony sent a man to the gallows for the murder that shocked Boston — and the nation.
利特菲尔德的证词将一名男子因震惊波士顿乃至全国的谋杀案送上绞刑架。
The term "Boston Brahmins" refers to a class of wealthy, educated, elite members of Boston society in the nineteenth century.
“波士顿婆罗门”一词指的是十九世纪波士顿社会富有、受过教育的精英阶层。
When Dr. George Parkman was first reported missing, Boston Marshal Francis Tukey and his police force began an investigation in the neighborhoods of the city's poor immigrants.
当乔治·帕克曼博士第一次被报告失踪时，波士顿元帅弗朗西斯·图基和他的警察部队开始对该市贫困移民的社区进行调查。
The Parkman murder has been called the O.
帕克曼谋杀案被称为 O.
J.
J。
Simpson trial of the nineteenth century.
十九世纪的辛普森审判。
It had everything a good murder story needs: a rich, well-known victim; a well-respected suspect; gruesome evidence; and a possible underdog hero.
它具备了一个好的谋杀故事所需要的一切：一个富有的、知名的受害者；一位受人尊敬的嫌疑人；可怕的证据；以及一个可能的失败者英雄。
The trial of John Webster was best known in 1850 for its Boston Brahmin ties and its gruesome nature.
1850 年，约翰·韦伯斯特 (John Webster) 的审判因其与波士顿婆罗门的联系及其可怕的性质而闻名。
By means of his charge to the jury, however, Judge Lemuel Shaw ensured that the trial would hold a place in legal history.
然而，通过对陪审团的指控，雷米尔·肖法官确保了该审判将在法律史上占有一席之地。