The Mormons

It is one of the world's fastest-growing religions.

它是世界上发展最快的宗教之一。

Its members project pride in their faith and confidence in their future.

其成员对自己的信仰和对未来的信心感到自豪。

They walk the corridors of power, leaders in Congress and even running for president.

他们走在权力走廊、国会领袖甚至竞选总统。

But for the Mormons, it was not always so.

但对于摩门教徒来说，情况并非总是如此。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: In the 19th century, to call someone a Mormon was akin to calling someone a Muslim terrorist.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：在 19 世纪，称某人为摩门教徒就等于称某人为穆斯林恐怖分子。

RANDALL PAUL, Author: A column of light appeared in his room, and then a person came down, very glowing person.

作者兰德尔·保罗：一柱光出现在他的房间里，然后一个人下来，非常发光的人。

ALEX CALDIERO, Poet: He say's he's the angel Moroni.

亚历克斯·卡尔迪罗，诗人：他说他是天使莫罗尼。

And so he begins to tell Joseph about the Book of Mormon.

于是他开始向约瑟讲述摩尔门经。

RICHARD MOUW, Evangelical Theologian: What outraged the traditional Christians of the day was that this guy comes along, Joseph Smith, and he says, "I am the prophet for this new age."

理查德·莫，福音派神学家：让当时的传统基督徒感到愤怒的是，约瑟夫·史密斯这个人出现了，他说：“我是这个新时代的先知。”

BRYAN HORN, Student: It was for all intents and purposes mandatory for young men to go on missions.

布莱恩·霍恩（BRYAN HORN），学生：无论出于什么意图和目的，年轻人必须去执行任务。

You go.

你去。

You go.

你去。

You go.

你去。

Dad went.

爸爸去了。

Grandpa went.

爷爷去了。

KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK, Business Consultant: The church and my family are so intertwined.

KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK，商业顾问：教会和我的家庭是如此紧密地交织在一起。

It just creates a kind of aura of love and peace.

它只是创造了一种爱与和平的光环。

TREVOR SOUTHEY, Artist: Being gay in that culture is beyond hell.

TREVOR SOUTHEY，艺术家：在那种文化中同性恋简直就是地狱。

I was committing a kind of spiritual suicide.

我正在犯一种精神自杀。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: The temple exists as a kind of vehicle through which we conquer mortality.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），作者：神庙的存在是一种我们战胜死亡的工具。

Not a single atom or particle of our bodies will be lost, but everything will be reconstituted as fully as it was.

我们身体的任何一个原子或粒子都不会丢失，但一切都会像以前一样完全重建。

It's almost a kind of celebration of the totality of triumph over death.

这几乎是对完全战胜死亡的庆祝。

SARAH BARRINGER GORDON, Historian: One of the things that many scholars have said about the claims of Mormonism is that when a faith is born in the 19th century, it's very hard to hide in the mists of time.

莎拉·巴林格·戈登（SARAH BARRINGER GORDON），历史学家：关于摩门教的主张，许多学者说过的一件事是，当一种信仰诞生于 19 世纪时，它很难隐藏在时间的迷雾中。

There isn't that patina of centuries, so that from the moment of its birth, Mormons were under a klieg light.

没有几个世纪以来的铜绿，所以从诞生的那一刻起，摩门教徒就处于克利格的光芒之下。

They were the center of attention in ways that early Christians just weren't.

他们成为了人们关注的焦点，而早期基督徒则不然。

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: Superficially, one thinks of revealed religions as providing answers, and Smith provides as many questions as he does answers.

凯瑟琳·弗莱克，历史学家：从表面上看，人们认为天启宗教提供了答案，而史密斯提供的问题和他提供的答案一样多。

Nobody is exempt from struggling with who he is.

没有人能免于与自己的身份进行斗争。

Whether you're an insider or an outsider, thinking about Smith causes you to struggle, and that struggle brings as much of you into the question as it does Smith himself.

无论你是局内人还是局外人，想到史密斯都会让你陷入挣扎，而这种挣扎让你和史密斯本人一样陷入这个问题。

He's a bit of a religious Rorschach test.

他有点像宗教罗夏墨迹测试。

JON BUTLER, Historian: Joseph Smith is one of the most fulsome figures in 19th century American history, a visionary, an organizer, a schemer, a mover of people, an inventor of a religion, a religion that brought polygamy to American society, someone who was assassinated.

乔恩·巴特勒，历史学家：约瑟夫·史密斯是19世纪美国历史上最伟大的人物之一，一个有远见的人，一个组织者，一个阴谋家，一个人民的推动者，一个宗教的发明者，一个给美国社会带来一夫多妻制的宗教，一个被暗杀的人。

Smith's claims are, in fact, extravagant, extraordinary.

事实上，史密斯的主张是过分的、非同寻常的。

He's way out there at the end of a diving board.

他就在跳水板的尽头。

He's claiming a miracle in America.

他声称在美国创造了奇迹。

He's claiming a miracle, having seen an angel.

他声称看到了天使，这是一个奇迹。

He's claiming the creation of a new biblical text that he is delivering through a revelation.

他声称他通过启示创造了新的圣经文本。

EDWIN FIRMAGE, Jr., Descendant, Brigham Young: I think behind every great religious figure, there's probably not a little charlatan.

小埃德温·菲尔马奇（EDWIN FIRMAGE, Jr.），后裔，杨百翰：我认为在每一个伟大的宗教人物的背后，可能都有不少江湖骗子。

There's definitely a lot of shadow, and that's what makes them interesting.

肯定有很多阴影，这就是它们有趣的原因。

The people who are unendingly good and unendingly by the book hold no interest for history.

那些永远善良、永远遵守书本的人对历史没有兴趣。

They hold no interest for people.

他们对人们没有兴趣。

I mean, they're not the people that inspire other people to do crazy things, like trek across the plains and settle in the great basin.

我的意思是，他们不是那些激励其他人做疯狂事情的​​人，比如跋涉穿越平原并在大盆地定居。

Joseph inspired people to do that.

约瑟夫激励人们这样做。

He inspired women to love him.

他激励女人爱他。

He inspired a lot of women to love him.

他激励了很多女人爱他。

He inspired men, men of the caliber of Brigham Young, to love him, to love him passionately, to devote their whole life to accomplishing his vision.

他激励人们，像杨百翰那样有才华的人去爱他，热情地爱他，并奉献一生来实现他的愿景。

Joseph was a prophet.

约瑟是一位先知。

He is the equal of Mohammed, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Josiah, Moses as the founder of a real, bona fide new religion.

他与穆罕默德、以赛亚、耶利米、约西亚、摩西齐名，是一个真正的、真正的新宗教的创始人。

He was born on December 23rd, 1805, in Sharon, Vermont, the third son of a family of nine children.

1805 年 12 月 23 日，他出生于佛蒙特州沙龙，是一个有九个孩子的家庭中的第三个儿子。

Both of his parents descended from proud religious non-conformity.

他的父母都是以不信奉宗教而自豪的后裔。

They were downwardly mobile gentry who, through hard luck and bad judgment, always seemed to live on the edge.

他们是地位低下的士绅，由于运气不佳和判断失误，似乎总是生活在边缘。

The family moved on to Palmyra, New York, where they bought a small farm on rocky land.

全家搬到了纽约州帕尔米拉，在那里他们在岩石地上买了一个小农场。

It was a place and a time where seers and prophets roamed the countryside, each claiming to possess God's truth.

在那个地方和时代，先知和先知在乡村漫步，每个人都声称拥有上帝的真理。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: It's important to remember, in the 1820s and 1830s, upstate New York is, in fact, the American frontier.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：重要的是要记住，在 1820 年代和 1830 年代，纽约州北部实际上是美国边境。

It is on the edge of civilization.

它处于文明的边缘。

It's marching forward in farmland and development of the Eerie Canal, but still, it's the American frontier.

它正在农田和怪异运河的开发中前进，但它仍然是美国边境。

And this particular area becomes known as the "burned over district" because it's fired with evangelical fervor almost on a annual basis.

这个特定的地区被称为“被烧毁的地区”，因为它几乎每年都会被福音派的热情所点燃。

WILLIAM MORAIN, Author: There was such religious fever.

威廉·莫兰（WILLIAM MORAIN），作者：当时有一种宗教狂热。

But it brought around divisions in American society, and those divisions were reflected in the Smith household.

但它带来了美国社会的分裂，而这些分裂也反映在史密斯一家身上。

The father was a Universalist, the mother was more of a Presbyterian, and the kids didn't quite know which way they ought to be going, and they were struggling themselves.

父亲是普世主义者，母亲更像是长老会教徒，孩子们不太知道自己应该走哪条路，他们自己也在挣扎。

DANIEL PETERSON, Islamic Studies Professor: He is existentially gripped by the question of which church is right.

丹尼尔·彼得森，伊斯兰研究教授：他一直被哪个教会才是正确的问题所困扰。

And so with the insecurity that that created in him, and the uncertainty, he decides he needs to find out for himself.

因此，由于这给他带来了不安全感和不确定性，他决定自己需要找出答案。

And he goes into this grove of trees, and he gets this thundering, spectacular theophany.

当他走进这片树林时，他得到了这雷鸣般的、壮观的神显。

He describes how intense the light was and how afraid he was that when it touched the trees, they would burst into flame.

他描述了光线有多么强烈，以及他多么害怕当光线接触到树木时，它们会燃烧起来。

He was actually scared.

他其实很害怕。

And in that pillar of light appear two persons, the father and the son.

在那光柱中出现了两个人，父亲和儿子。

Elder JEFFREY R.

杰弗里·R.长老

HOLLAND LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: When Joseph Smith saw them, he saw embodied beings.

荷兰 LDS 十二使徒定额组：当约瑟·史密斯看到他们时，他看到了具体的存在。

He saw men the way you and I would see men, with all the biblical features the way Moses said he saw them, with eyes and ears and hands and faces.

他看待人的方式就像你我看待人的方式，具有摩西所说的他看待人的方式的所有圣经特征，有眼睛、耳朵、手和脸。

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: He was blessed, I think, to be visited by God the father and by his son, Jesus Christ.

詹森，摩门教教会历史学家：我认为，他受到天父上帝和他的儿子耶稣基督的眷顾而受到祝福。

And in that moment, he still had the presence of mind to ask and to fulfill the purpose for which he came, which, interestingly, wasn't to ask "Is there a true church?" I've always been struck, honestly, with the question he posed.

在那一刻，他仍然沉着地询问并实现他来这里的目的，有趣的是，这并不是要问“是否存在真正的教会？”老实说，我一直对他提出的问题感到震惊。

"Which of the churches is true?" And the answer was that none of them was, and that was an earth-shaking answer.

“哪个教会是真的？”答案是都不是，这是一个惊天动地的答案。

I'm sure it came as a very big surprise to him.

我确信这对他来说是一个很大的惊喜。

TERRYL GIVENS, English Professor: He came from a tradition of visionaries.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），英语教授：他来自有远见的传统。

And his father had dreams, his grandfather had dreams, and so it was nothing new for him, as well, to feel that he had had some kind of heavenly communication.

而他的父亲有梦想，他的祖父也有梦想，所以对于他来说，感觉自己有某种与天上的交流也并不是什么新鲜事。

And I think that's part of what prepared him but also prepared his family to accept him as a prophet because before he could test the waters of public opinion, he had to pass muster with his own family.

我认为这是他做好准备的一部分，也是让他的家人接受他作为先知的准备，因为在他测试公众舆论之前，他必须通过自己家人的审核。

And it isn't every child that would come before his parents and say, "God and Christ just visited me in a grove of trees" and be believed.

并不是每个孩子都会来到父母面前说：“上帝和基督刚刚在树林里拜访了我”并被相信。

GREG PRINCE, Author: The first version of the vision was written in Joseph Smith's own hand in 1832.

格雷格·普林斯 (GREG PRINCE)，作者：异象的第一个版本是约瑟夫·史密斯 (Joseph Smith) 亲手于 1832 年写成的。

It was personal.

这是个人的。

It merely dealt with his sinfulness and his going to the grove to ask God for forgiveness.

它只是讲述了他的罪孽和他去树林请求上帝的宽恕。

End of story.

故事结束。

Subsequently, over the next 12 years, there were other versions that emerged from Joseph Smith, where the story got more detailed and more colorful.

随后，在接下来的12年里，约瑟·史密斯又出现了其他版本，故事变得更加详细、更加丰富多彩。

And one of the later versions became the official version.

后来的一个版本成为了正式版本。

KEN CLARK, Former LDS Church Educator: Finally, in 1838, we have God and the Son visiting him, telling him to join none of the other churches.

肯·克拉克 (KEN CLARK)，前摩门教教会教育家：最后，在 1838 年，上帝和圣子拜访了他，告诉他不要加入任何其他教会。

And it begs the question, was Joseph building a story as he went, because the story certainly evolved and the story certainly took on more miraculous, more remarkable characteristics.

这就引出了一个问题，约瑟夫是边走边编故事吗，因为这个故事肯定在演变，而且这个故事肯定呈现出更神奇、更显着的特征。

And he certainly became a greater character with greater status in God's eyes in each of these stories, with a greater work to do in each of these stories.

在每一个故事中，他在上帝眼中无疑都成为了一个更伟大的人物，拥有更高的地位，并且在每一个故事中都有更伟大的工作要做。

RICHARD MOUW, Evangelical Theologian: My instinct is to attribute a sincerity to Joseph Smith.

理查德·莫（RICHARD MOUW），福音派神学家：我的本能是认为约瑟夫·史密斯是真诚的。

And yet at the same time, as an evangelical Christian, I do not believe that the members of the godhead really appeared to him and told him that he should start on a mission of, among other things, denouncing the kinds of things that I believe as a Presbyterian.

但与此同时，作为一名福音派基督徒，我不相信神格的成员真的向他显现，并告诉他他应该开始一项使命，其中包括谴责我作为长老会所相信的事情。

I can't believe that.

我简直不敢相信。

And yet at the same time, I really don't believe that he was simply making up a story that he knew to be false in order to manipulate people and to gain power over a religious movement.

但与此同时，我真的不相信他只是编造一个他知道是错误的故事，以便操纵人们并获得对宗教运动的权力。

And so I live with the mystery.

所以我生活在这个谜团之中。

SIMON WORRALL, Author: It has to be said that Joseph Smith wasn't the only person who was wandering around with a seer stone, looking for gold.

西蒙·沃勒尔（SIMON WORRALL），作者：必须说，约瑟夫·史密斯并不是唯一一个拿着占卜石四处游荡寻找金子的人。

But he was particularly good at it and well known to be particularly good at it.

但他特别擅长，而且众所周知。

And it was technically illegal, and he was taken before the court for this.

从技术上讲，这是非法的，他因此被带上法庭。

RANDALL PAUL, Author: He was in an upper bedroom in his small house one night.

兰德尔·保罗（Randall Paul），作者：一天晚上，他在他的小房子的一间楼上卧室里。

He says the following thing happened.

他说发生了以下事情。

A column of light appeared in his room, literally a column of light, and then a person came down, very glowing person.

他的房间里出现了一道光柱，名副其实的光柱，然后下来一个人，非常发光的人。

The person was dressed in white, in a white robe.

那人一身白衣，身穿白袍。

ALEX CALDIERO, Poet: He say's he's the angel Moroni.

亚历克斯·卡尔迪罗，诗人：他说他是天使莫罗尼。

He's hovering over the ground.

他在地面上空盘旋。

He's got no shoes.

他没有鞋子。

He's barefooted.

他赤着脚。

And he says he knew that he had no clothes underneath his robe and you could see his chest.

他说他知道他的长袍下面没有穿衣服，你可以看到他的胸部。

And so he begins to tell him, the Angel Moroni, to tell Joseph about the Book of Mormon, where it is, what it is and what his involvement in it would be.

于是他开始告诉他，天使莫罗乃，告诉约瑟关于摩尔门经的事，它在哪里，它是什么，以及他将参与其中什么。

But he doesn't just tell him, he shows him, to the point where Joseph sees the locality and the very location of the golden plates.

但他不只是告诉他，他还向他展示，让约瑟看到了金页片的地点和位置。

MICHAEL COE, Archaeologist: I really think that Joseph Smith, like shamans everywhere, started out faking it.

迈克尔·科（MICHAEL COE），考古学家：我真的认为约瑟夫·史密斯（Joseph Smith）就像世界各地的萨满一样，一开始就是假装的。

I have to believe this, that he didn't believe this at all, that he was out to impress.

我必须相信这一点，他根本不相信这一点，他只是为了给人留下深刻的印象。

But he got caught up in the mythology that he created.

但他却陷入了自己创造的神话之中。

And this is what happens to shamans.

这就是萨满的遭遇。

They begin to believe that they can do these things, and then it becomes a revelation: They're speaking to God.

他们开始相信他们可以做这些事情，然后它就变成了一个启示：他们正在与上帝交谈。

Joseph Smith had a sense of destiny, and most fakers don't have this, and this is how he transformed something that I think was clearly made up into something that was absolutely convincing.

约瑟夫·史密斯有一种命运感，而大多数造假者都没有这种感觉，这就是他如何将我认为显然是捏造的东西变成绝对令人信服的东西。

The tablets recall the story of Israelites who sailed from Jerusalem about 600 B.C.

这些石碑让人想起以色列人于公元前 600 年左右从耶路撒冷起航的故事。

and were guided to a country that would be one day be known as America.

并被引导到一个有一天被称为美国的国家。

Here these ancient Israelites split into two races, the Nephites and the Lamanites.

在这里，这些古代以色列人分裂成两个种族：尼腓人和拉曼人。

For hundreds of years, they engaged in brutal warfare.

数百年来，他们进行着残酷的战争。

Here in America, during the three days after his crucifixion in Jerusalem, Christ came in his resurrected being to preach peace and righteousness to these warring people.

在美国这里，在耶路撒冷被钉十字架后的三天里，基督以复活的身份来到这里，向这些交战的人们传播和平与正义。

Here in 1827, the young Joseph Smith would say he dug up the tablets recording this entire history that would become the Book of Mormon.

1827 年，年轻的约瑟·史密斯 (Joseph Smith) 说，他挖出了记录整个历史的石板，这些石板后来成为《摩尔门经》。

TERRYL GIVENS, English Professor: The kind of revelation that Joseph describes is the scandal of Mormonism, in the same way that the resurrection of Christ is the scandal of Christianity.

特里尔·吉文斯，英语教授：约瑟夫所描述的那种启示是摩门教的丑闻，就像基督的复活是基督教的丑闻一样。

And what I mean by that is that on the face of it, that's an affront to sophisticated notions of how the Universe works.

我的意思是，从表面上看，这是对宇宙如何运作的复杂概念的侮辱。

God doesn't deliver gold plates to farm boys.

上帝不会把金盘子送给农场男孩。

It's a cause of embarrassment to many intellectuals in the church to continue to insist that Joseph had literal gold plates given to him by a real angel.

教会中的许多知识分子继续坚持认为约瑟拥有真正的天使赐给他的金页片，这让教会中的许多知识分子感到尴尬。

But I also mean that it's a scandal in the sense that it is inseparable from the heart and soul of Mormonism, that one could no sooner divorce the historical claims of the Book of Mormon from the church than one could divorce the story of Christ's resurrection from Christianity and survive with the religion intact.

但我也想说，从某种意义上说，这是一场丑闻，因为它与摩门教的核心和灵魂密不可分，人们不能尽快将《摩尔门经》的历史主张与教会分离，就像人们不能将基督复活的故事与基督教分离，并使宗教完好无损地生存下来一样。

Pres.

新闻。

GORDON B.

戈登·B.

HINCKLEY, LDS General Conference, 2002: We declare without equivocation that God the father and his son, the lord Jesus Christ, appeared in person to the boy, Joseph Smith.

欣克利，摩门教总会，2002 年：我们毫不含糊地宣布，圣父上帝和他的儿子主耶稣基督亲自向男孩约瑟·史密斯显现。

When I was interviewed by Mike Wallace on the "60 Minute" program, he asked me if I actually believed that.

当我在“60 分钟”节目中接受迈克·华莱士采访时，他问我是否真的相信这一点。

I replied, "Yes, sir.

我回答说：“是的，先生。

That's the miracle of it." This is the way I feel about it.

这就是它的奇迹。”这就是我的感受。

Our whole strength rests on the validity of that vision.

我们的全部力量取决于这一愿景的有效性。

It either occurred or it did not occur.

它要么发生，要么没有发生。

If it did not, then this work is a fraud.

如果没有，那么这部作品就是一个骗局。

If it did, then this is the most important and wonderful work under the heavens.

如果是的话，这就是天下最重要、最奇妙的工作了。

HAROLD BLOOM, Humanities Professor: All religion, Western and Eastern, is founded upon miracle.

哈罗德·布鲁姆，人文学科教授：所有宗教，无论西方还是东方，都是建立在奇迹之上的。

It makes little sense to present arguments against Joseph Smith and early Mormonism that would extend equally well to what we are told about the origins of what will eventually be Judaism, the origins of Christianity, the origins of Islam.

提出反对约瑟夫·史密斯和早期摩门教的论点毫无意义，而这些论点同样可以延伸到我们被告知的最终犹太教的起源、基督教的起源、伊斯兰教的起源。

All religion depends upon revelation.

所有宗教都依赖于启示。

All revelation is supernatural.

所有的启示都是超自然的。

If you wish to be a hard rock empiricist, then you should not entertain any religious doctrine whatsoever.

如果你想成为一名硬摇滚经验主义者，那么你就不应该接受任何宗教教义。

ROBIN FOX, Anthropologist: Strange as the Book of Mormon might appear to us, it didn't particularly appear strange to its converts in the 19th century.

人类学家罗宾·福克斯：尽管《摩尔门经》对我们来​​说可能很奇怪，但对于 19 世纪的皈依者来说，它并不是特别奇怪。

It's curiously American in its own right.

奇怪的是，它本身就是美国式的。

It's frontier literature.

这是边疆文学。

It's expansive.

它很广阔。

It deals with the roiling of peoples across great plains and the rise and fall of civilizations.

它讲述了大平原上人民的骚乱和文明的兴衰。

SIMON WORRAL, Author: It was religion made in the USA.

西蒙·沃拉尔（SIMON WORRAL），作者：这是美国创造的宗教。

For the first time, you had a homegrown religion, a homegrown prophet.

你们第一次拥有了本土的宗教、本土的先知。

It was the religion of the poor people.

这是穷人的宗教。

And Joseph Smith came to them and said, "You're at the center of the drama," if you like.

如果你愿意的话，约瑟夫·史密斯走到他们面前说：“你们是这出戏的中心。”

He situated the United States within the biblical story.

他将美国置于圣经故事之中。

RICHARD MOUW, Evangelical Theologian: What outraged the traditional Christians of the day was that this guy comes along, Joseph Smith, and he says, "Push the delete button on all of the stuff you're arguing about because we have to go back to the very beginning and restore a true original, primitive Christianity that has been corrupted for 1800 years.

理查德·莫，福音派神学家：令当时的传统基督徒感到愤怒的是约瑟夫·史密斯这个人的出现，他说：“对你们争论的所有东西按下删除按钮，因为我们必须回到最初，恢复一个已经被腐蚀了 1800 年的真正原始的、原始的基督教。

And you're a part of the corruption.

而你也是腐败的一部分。

You are the corrupters of it in this present day, and that God has given me a newer testament, but not only a newer written record of what God wants for human beings, but that God has restored the office of prophet, and I am the prophet for this new age.

你们是当今时代的破坏者，上帝给了我一个更新的约，但不仅是上帝对人类的期望的更新的书面记录，而且上帝恢复了先知的职分，而我是这个新时代的先知。

And I am a prophet who is receiving new teachings from God."

我是一位先知，正在从上帝那里接受新的教导。”

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: This 30-year-old carpenter, his wife is ill, near death and will die.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：这位 30 岁的木匠，他的妻子病了，濒临死亡，即将死去。

He is penniless.

他身无分文。

He is looking for direction.

他正在寻找方向。

He's joined one church and left it, joined another church and left it.

他加入了一个教会又离开了它，加入了另一个教会又离开了它。

And suddenly, when he meets Joseph Smith, he says, "I will follow you.

突然，当他遇到约瑟·史密斯时，他说：“我会跟随你。

You have the answers I've been looking for." So Brigham Young becomes, in microcosm, what a number of people experienced when they listened to and talked to Joseph Smith- extremely charismatic, extremely confident, a man of the people.

你有我一直在寻找的答案。”因此，杨百翰成为了许多人在聆听约瑟夫·史密斯并与他交谈时所经历的缩影——极具魅力、极其自信、为人民服务的人。

He didn't talk down to people, he spoke to them about issues that touched their very lives.

他不会居高临下地对人们说话，他与他们谈论触及他们生活的问题。

JUDITH FREEMAN, Author: What Joseph Smith offered everyone who followed him- every follower, he said, had the ability to speak directly to God.

朱迪思·弗里曼，作者：约瑟夫·史密斯为每个追随他的人提供了什么——他说，每个追随者都有能力直接与上帝交谈。

God will speak to you.

神会跟你说话。

He will give you inspiration.

他会给你灵感。

You can have a personal relationship with God.

你可以与神建立个人关系。

In Kirtland, Joseph Smith began calling all his followers Latter-day Saints because he believed they were living in the end times, with the sacred purity of Christ's first disciples.

在嘉德兰，约瑟夫·史密斯开始称他所有的追随者为后期圣徒，因为他相信他们生活在末世，具有基督第一批门徒的神圣纯洁性。

It was here that his theology evolved beyond conventional Christianity.

正是在这里，他的神学超越了传统的基督教。

Smith received revelations that reestablished the roles of the original 12 apostles, and he created the priesthood for all deserving male members.

史密斯收到的启示重新确立了最初 12 使徒的角色，并为所有值得的男性成员设立了祭司职位。

He astonished everyone by building not a Christian church, but a temple inspired by the Old Testament.

他让所有人感到惊讶的是，他建造的不是一座基督教教堂，而是一座受旧约启发的圣殿。

It would be the place for new secret rituals of anointing and blessing meant to connect the Saints to God.

它将成为新的秘密恩膏和祝福仪式的场所，旨在将圣徒与上帝联系起来。

Mormons today still talk about the miraculous three months when the temple was consecrated.

今天的摩门教徒仍然谈论圣殿奉献时那神奇的三个月。

WILL BAGLEY, Historian: People talked of seeing angels fly in through the windows.

历史学家威尔·巴格利：人们谈论看到天使从窗户飞进来。

They talked of seeing God stand next to Joseph Smith.

他们谈到看到上帝站在约瑟·史密斯旁边。

They had what appears to be at times mass hallucinations or mass visions.

他们有时会出现集体幻觉或集体幻象。

But whatever happened was absolutely remarkable.

但所发生的一切绝对是非凡的。

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: Joseph Smith was the Henry Ford of revelation.

凯瑟琳·弗莱克，历史学家：约瑟夫·史密斯是启示录中的亨利·福特。

He wanted every home to have one, and the revelation he had in mind was the revelation he thought he'd had, which was seeing God.

他希望每个家庭都有一个，而他心中的启示就是他认为自己已经拥有的启示，那就是看到上帝。

And so for Joseph Smith, seeing God was what it was to be religious.

因此，对于约瑟·史密斯来说，看到上帝就是宗教信仰。

And so he sets about duplicating that original experience for everybody else.

因此，他开始为其他人复制这种原始体验。

Revelation is everything to this church.

启示就是这个教会的一切。

It is revelation or nothing for these people.

对于这些人来说，这要么是启示，要么什么都不是。

RICHARD BUSHMAN, Biographer of Joseph Smith: And by December of 1837, some of his closest followers wants to take over the Kirtland temple, pulls guns and knives to drive the other Mormons out.

理查德·布什曼，约瑟夫·史密斯的传记作者：到了 1837 年 12 月，他的一些最亲密的追随者想要接管嘉德兰圣殿，并拿出枪和刀将其他摩门教徒赶出去。

I think he is also worried about lawsuits against him.

我认为他也担心针对他的诉讼。

All these debts that he's incurred, could have hauled him into court and kept him there for years, so he has to, in a way, sneak away.

他欠下的所有这些债务，本可以把他送上法庭并让他在那里待上几年，所以在某种程度上，他必须偷偷溜走。

So I think he left sort of in despair and regret that all had gone so wrong.

所以我认为他离开时有些绝望，并对一切都变得如此糟糕感到遗憾。

You would think he would have become discouraged, would have reconsidered his plans, but when he goes to Missouri, he has not compromised in the slightest his desire to do the same thing all over again, to build another city, to build another temple, and to continue gathering the Saints.

你可能会认为他会灰心丧气，会重新考虑他的计划，但当他去密苏里州时，他丝毫没有放弃再次做同样的事情，建造另一座城市，建造另一座圣殿，并继续聚集圣徒的愿望。

Elder JEFFREY R.

杰弗里·R.长老

HOLLAND, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: Our people knew hate.

荷兰，摩门教徒十二使徒定额组：我们的人民知道仇恨。

Our people knew what it was like to be hated.

我们的人民知道被憎恨是什么感觉。

They knew what it was like to have their children killed.

他们知道自己的孩子被杀是什么感觉。

They knew what it was like to have their prophet murdered in cold blood.

他们知道他们的先知被冷血杀害是什么感觉。

Their blood had been spread across six states.

他们的血液已遍布六个州。

We are a church that has had an extermination order issued against us.

我们是一个已收到针对我们的灭绝令的教会。

That is unprecedented in the history of this God-fearing nation.

这在这个敬畏上帝的国家的历史上是前所未有的。

TRUMAN MADSEN, Author: House burning, rapings, abuse, taking over land and possessions, all that was part of it.

杜鲁门·马德森，作者：烧毁房屋、强奸、虐待、占领土地和财产，所有这些都是其中的一部分。

But it was also denunciation from every other level, from statehouses to pulpits.

但这也是来自其他各个层面的谴责，从州议会到讲坛。

"These people are not what they should be.

“这些人不是他们应该成为的人。

They're invaders.

他们是侵略者。

Get rid of them!

摆脱他们！

Get rid of them!"

摆脱他们！”

JON BUTLER, Historian: The hatred of Mormonism is mysterious.

乔恩·巴特勒，历史学家：对摩门教的仇恨是神秘的。

It's fascinating.

这很有趣。

It's perplexing.

真令人费解。

Mormons were plain, old, white, largely English-descended American farmers who were God-fearing, who lived in agricultural settlements and wanted the best for their children, for their wives, for their families.

摩门教徒是普通、年长的白人，大部分是英国后裔的美国农民，他们敬畏上帝，生活在农业聚居区，希望为自己的孩子、妻子和家庭提供最好的东西。

Why would they be so hated?

为什么他们会被如此憎恨？

It had to do with the fear of the unknown, fear of power and hierarchy - did the Mormons really think for themselves, or did Joseph Smith think for them - the fear of unknown personal practices, polygamy, the fear of unknown beliefs.

这与对未知的恐惧、对权力和等级制度的恐惧有关——摩门教徒真的为自己思考吗，还是约瑟夫·史密斯为他们思考——对未知的个人习俗、一夫多妻制的恐惧，对未知信仰的恐惧。

All of these things made the Mormons feared.

所有这些事情都让摩门教徒感到恐惧。

It made Americans worry about them.

这让美国人为他们担心。

And yet underneath, there's still something else that's hard to get at.

然而，在这背后，仍然有一些难以理解的东西。

There's still something else about Mormons that seems so odd, so peculiar, and yet it's difficult to put a historian's finger on what that is.

摩门教徒还有一些看起来很奇怪、很奇特的东西，但历史学家很难确定那是什么。

ALEX BAUGH, Historian: The reason the Mormons were in Missouri is because Joseph Smith revealed that Missouri was designated as the location of Zion, this future city of God.

历史学家亚历克斯·鲍夫：摩门教徒之所以在密苏里州，是因为约瑟夫·史密斯透露，密苏里州被指定为锡安（这座未来的上帝之城）的所在地。

This is where we believe human existence began.

我们相信这就是人类存在的起点。

More specifically, we believed that Jackson County was the place where Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden.

更具体地说，我们相信杰克逊县是伊甸园中亚当和夏娃居住的地方。

Probably more significant though, we believed that there will be a place, a community established, a city, that will be here to meet the savior.

但可能更重要的是，我们相信会有一个地方、一个社区、一座城市，会在这里迎接救世主。

The savior will come here.

救世主将会来到这里。

So I think it's in every single Mormon's back of their mind, "Missouri is important."

所以我认为每个摩门教徒心里都在想：“密苏里州很重要。”

WILL BAGLEY, Historian: When Smith announced that Independence was the site of the Garden of Eden and that this would be the site of the new Zion and that God would give this chosen land to his new followers, it didn't sit well with the old settlers in Jackson County.

历史学家威尔·巴格利：当史密斯宣布独立城是伊甸园的所在地，这将是新锡安的所在地，并且上帝会将这片选定的土地赐给他的新追随者时，杰克逊县的老定居者对此并不满意。

And many of them were very explicit about it.

他们中的许多人对此都非常明确。

They said "We got along fine with the Mormons, we had no problem with them until Joseph Smith came along with these revelations and told us they were going to take all of our land."

他们说：“我们与摩门教徒相处得很好，我们与他们没有任何问题，直到约瑟夫·史密斯揭露这些真相并告诉我们他们将夺走我们所有的土地。”

ROGER HAMMER, Sociologist: October 30, 1838, dawned as a beautiful day.

社会学家罗杰·哈默 (ROGER HAMMER)：1838 年 10 月 30 日是美好的一天。

It was clear.

很清楚。

The wind was calm, and Indian Summer temperature.

风平浪静，小阳春的温度。

My third great grandfather, Austin Hammer, and a great Uncle, Jon Yorke, were there on guard duty to defend the mill.

我的第三曾祖父奥斯汀·汉默（Austin Hammer）和曾叔父乔恩·约克（Jon Yorke）在那里值守，保卫工厂。

TERRYL GIVENS, English Professor: A group of up to 200 or 300 horsemen rode into the village of Haun's Mill.

特里·吉文斯，英语教授：一支由 200 或 300 名骑兵组成的队伍冲进了豪恩磨坊村。

The women grabbed the children and ran for the woods.

妇女们抓住孩子们，跑向树林。

The men made for the blacksmith shop.

男人们前往铁匠铺。

That's where the arms were stored.

那是存放武器的地方。

The mob quickly surrounded the blacksmith shop, and because the logs hadn't been chinked, they were able to stick their muskets through the gaps in the logs.

暴民们很快就包围了铁匠铺，因为圆木没有被开裂，所以他们可以从圆木的缝隙中插入火枪。

When word came that the massacre had been accomplished and the mobbers had left, they came back into the village.

当大屠杀已经完成、暴徒离开的消息传来时，他们又回到了村里。

And here it was many, many years later, she's remembering that day as a young girl of 9, being taken by her mother into the center of the village and seeing this scene of just carnage and devastation.

很多很多年过去了，她仍然记得9岁小女孩的那一天，她被母亲带到村子中心，看到了这充满屠杀和破坏的场景。

But the one image that seemed to stand out in her mind decades and decades later was the sound of the bodies as they placed them on a door and slid them into a well.

但几十年后，她脑海中最突出的一个画面似乎是尸体被放在门上并滑入井中时发出的声音。

And I've often wondered of the horror that that sound must have held for that young girl, who apparently remembered it for the rest of her life.

我经常想知道那个声音对那个年轻女孩来说一定是多么恐怖，她显然在她的余生中都记得这个声音。

SARAH BARRINGER GORDON, Historian: Mormons have a very complex relationship with their own sense of persecution.

莎拉·巴林格·戈登，历史学家：摩门教徒与他们自己的迫害感有着非常复杂的关系。

It is unfair to say that they courted persecution.

说他们遭到迫害是不公平的。

On the other hand, it is fair to say that it brought them exhilaration and conviction that what they were doing was the right thing because God's prophets have never been welcome in their own lands.

另一方面，可以公平地说，这给他们带来了兴奋和确信，他们所做的事情是正确的，因为上帝的先知在他们自己的土地上从未受到欢迎。

Persecution both identified them as special and seared into them the pain of what being a peculiar people means.

迫害既使他们变得特殊，又让他们感受到作为一个特殊民族意味着什么的痛苦。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: The journey from Missouri to Illinois for another new beginning is one of the darkest days of Joseph Smith's existence.

肯·韦尔多亚，记者：从密苏里州到伊利诺伊州寻找另一个新开始的旅程是约瑟夫·史密斯一生中最黑暗的日子之一。

And at that time, he turns to Brigham Young, calls him to organize the people and make an orderly exodus.

这时，他求助于杨百翰，要求他组织民众有序撤离。

And this is a recurring theme for the Latter Day Saint people- persecution, exodus.

这是后期圣徒们反复出现的主题——迫害、逃亡。

And they believe they've reached the promised land when they land on the banks of the Mississippi River at Nauvoo, Illinois.

当他们降落在伊利诺伊州纳府的密西西比河畔时，他们相信自己已经到达了应许之地。

[www.pbs.org: Explore Mormon migrations]

[www.pbs.org：探索摩门教移民]

In February of 1847, in the midst of very, very tough times, at Winter Quarters, he falls ill.

1847 年 2 月，在冬季宿舍非常非常艰难的时期，他病倒了。

And in the midst of this sickness, he has a dream that he finds himself in a room with Joseph Smith.

在患病期间，他做了一个梦，梦见自己和约瑟夫·史密斯在一个房间里。

And the light is streaming in through an open window, and Smith has his feet up on the table.

光线从开着的窗户照进来，史密斯把脚放在桌子上。

And Brigham Young says to him, "How can I be a prophet?" And Joseph Smith says to him, "Listen to the still small voice.

杨百翰对他说：“我怎样才能成为一名先知？”约瑟·斯密对他说：“听听那个仍然很小的声音。

If you listen for God's inspiration, he will always direct you." And when Brigham Young wakes up, he is transformed.

如果你倾听上帝的灵感，他总是会指引你。”当杨百翰醒来时，他发生了转变。

After that, this second-guessing and this hesitation is gone.

此后，这种事后猜测和犹豫就消失了。

From that moment in February 1847 at Winter Quarters, Brigham Young assumes the mantle of Joseph.

从 1847 年 2 月冬季宿舍的那一刻起，杨百翰继承了约瑟夫的衣钵。

JANA RICHMAN, Author: When I realized that seven of my eight great-great-grandmothers walked all or part of that trail, I knew that that's where my journey had to start, too.

JANA RICHMAN，作者：当我意识到我的八位曾曾祖母中有七位走过了这条小路的全部或部分路线时，我知道我的旅程也必须从那里开始。

What I was searching for out on the trail was the kind of faith that sent my great-great-grandmother, Hannah Middleton Hawkey, from England over the ocean, then by train to the edge of- what was then the edge of the United States, to the middle of the country, where she was dumped, expected to build her own handcart and then pull her belongings and walk with that handcart and her three children across the United States to the Salt Lake Valley.

我在这条路上寻找的是一种信仰，这种信仰让我的曾曾祖母汉娜·米德尔顿·霍基从英国漂洋过海，然后乘火车到美国的边缘，到达美国的中部，在那里她被抛弃了，她希望建造自己的手推车，然后拉着她的行李，带着那辆手推车和她的三个孩子穿过美国到达盐湖谷。

When she was asked in later years, was she sorry for that?

多年后，当有人问她，她为此感到遗憾吗？

She had lost her son.

她失去了儿子。

She buried him along the way.

她沿途埋葬了他。

Was she sorry she made that decision?

她为自己的决定感到遗憾吗？

Was there ever doubt?

曾经有过怀疑吗？

She said, no, there was never doubt anywhere along the way.

她说，不，一路走来，从来没有怀疑过。

She felt relieved when her son died.

儿子去世后，她感到如释重负。

He died of starvation, exhaustion and cold.

他死于饥饿、疲惫和寒冷。

She was relieved when he died.

当他去世时，她松了口气。

She came through with her two young daughters.

她带着两个年幼的女儿度过了难关。

She didn't walk again for a year.

她已经一年没有再走路了。

I could never arrive at that certainty, and that's the reason I choose not to practice Mormonism.

我永远无法确定这一点，这就是我选择不信奉摩门教的原因。

But I still practice faith, but it's a different kind of faith.

但我仍然实践信仰，但这是一种不同的信仰。

I think it's based in uncertainty.

我认为这是基于不确定性。

The philosopher Nietzsche once wrote, "I should never believe in a God who would not know how to dance," and I feel the same way.

哲学家尼采曾经写道：“我永远不应该相信一个不会跳舞的上帝”，我也有同样的感觉。

There is, in the Mormon faith, a kind of celebration of the physical which I think is a little bit outside the Christian mainstream.

在摩门教信仰中，有一种对身体的庆祝，我认为这有点超出基督教主流。

When the Saints moved west to Utah, one observer in the 1850s noted that they had schools in most every block but that every night, the schools were converted into dancing schools.

当圣徒队向西迁往犹他州时，一位 1850 年代的观察家指出，他们几乎每个街区都有学校，但每天晚上，学校都会变成舞蹈学校。

And he observed with some displeasure that Mormons taught their children that they should go to school but they must go to dancing school.

他有些不悦地发现，摩门教徒教导他们的孩子应该上学，但必须去舞蹈学校。

And I think that there's a connection between the place of dancing in Mormon history and the concept of an embodied God.

我认为舞蹈在摩门教历史中的地位与体现的上帝的概念之间存在联系。

Because we believe that God the Father, as well as Jesus Christ, are physical, embodied beings, that elevates the body to a heavenly status.

因为我们相信父神和耶稣基督都是有形的、具体化的存在，将身体提升到了天上的地位。

And I think there's a kind of exuberance and celebration that is, in many ways, a result of that same collapse of sacred distance that was so central to Joseph Smith's thinking.

我认为，在很多方面，这种繁荣和庆祝都是神圣距离崩溃的结果，而神圣距离是约瑟夫·史密斯思想的核心。

Instead of denigrating the things of the body in order to elevate the things of the spirit, Joseph always argued that it was the successful incorporation of both that culminated in a fullness of joy.

约瑟夫并没有为了提升精神的事物而贬低身体的事物，而是始终认为，只有两者的成功结合才能带来完全的快乐。

And so dancing, I think, is in many ways, just an emblem or a symbol of a kind of righteous reveling in the physical tabernacle that we believe is a stage on our way to godliness itself.

因此，我认为，舞蹈在很多方面只是一种象征或象征，一种正义陶醉在物质圣幕中的象征，我们相信，这是我们通向敬虔之路的一个阶段。

In Brigham's eyes, he looked and he saw a desert.

在布里格姆的眼中，他看到了一片沙漠。

"This is the right place.

“这是正确的地方。

Drive on." It is one of those very rare moments where people literally are gathered around Brigham and saying, "Are you serious?

继续开车。”这是非常罕见的时刻之一，人们确实聚集在布里格姆周围并说：“你是认真的吗？

I have been in that wagon for 60 days.

我已经在那辆马车里呆了 60 天了。

I'd gladly do another 60 just to get to a better place than this.

我很乐意再跑 60 公里，只是为了到达一个比这里更好的地方。

This can't be the place.

这不可能是这个地方。

Why here?" Because it was the land no one else wanted.

为什么在这里？”因为那是无人想要的土地。

Brigham knew what he wanted.

布里格姆知道他想要什么。

He wanted the turf for an isolated people to build up the kingdom of God on earth, and do it on their terms.

他想要为一个孤立的民族提供一块地盘，在地球上建立上帝的王国，并按照他们的条件行事。

The fact that it was off the beaten path- fine.

事实上，它是人迹罕至的地方——很好。

The fact that it was going to be tough and rugged and hard to make a go- even better.

事实上，这将是艰难、崎岖和艰难的，甚至更好。

"It will bring us closer together.

“这将使我们更加紧密地联系在一起。

We'll be more dependent upon each other."

我们会更加相互依赖。”

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: By any standards, what they did was horrific.

历史学家凯瑟琳·弗莱克：无论以什么标准来看，他们的所作所为都是可怕的。

It's white people killing white people's babies and white people killing unarmed white women.

白人杀害白人婴儿，白人杀害手无寸铁的白人妇女。

And then you have a religious people who are doing this.

然后有一群宗教人士正在这样做。

You expect religious people to act differently than you do soldiers.

你期望宗教人士的行为与你对士兵的行为不同。

All of that goes into making Mountain Meadows the horror that it was and is to us.

所有这些都使得山区草甸对我们来说过去和现在都是恐怖的。

And rather than view it as the good times, Brigham is deeply troubled.

布里格姆并没有将其视为美好时光，而是深感困扰。

The ardor of the faith starts to ebb.

信仰的热情开始消退。

The sense of commitment, in the eyes of Brigham Young, begins to disappoint.

在杨百翰看来，承诺感开始令人失望。

And in 1853, Brigham says, "That is enough." It's ultimately known as the Reformation.

1853 年，布里格姆说：“这就够了。”它最终被称为宗教改革。

Although Brigham Young was appointed governor of the new territory, he was forced to accept outside federal officials in his administration, and he bristled at their challenge to his absolute rule over the Mormons.

尽管杨百翰被任命为新领地的总督，但他被迫接受外部联邦官员加入他的政府，并且他对他们对他对摩门教绝对统治的挑战感到愤怒。

GLEN LEONARD, LDS Church Historian: It was a new policy- "We'll allow the Indians to take the cattle, which will teach the government a lesson that we can't control the Indians." And so the Cedar City leaders decided to take some cattle, using the Indians, "And by the way, if some of those bad guys are killed, we won't truly be sorry."

格伦伦纳德，摩门教徒教会历史学家：这是一项新政策——“我们将允许印第安人夺走牛群，这将给政府一个教训，让我们知道我们无法控制印第安人。”因此，雪松城的领导人决定利用印第安人来带走一些牛，“顺便说一句，如果其中一些坏人被杀，我们不会真正感到遗憾。”

PHIL BOLINGER, Baker-Fancher Party Descendant: They started getting coffee and getting breakfast, and people starting to get around.

PHIL BOLINGER，Baker-Fancher 派对后裔：他们开始喝咖啡、吃早餐，人们开始四处走动。

Then all of a sudden, in the distance, you hear crack or boom.

然后突然，在远处，你听到破裂声或轰隆声。

And it began.

事情开始了。

They are trying to circle those wagons and eventually get dug in.

他们试图绕过这些货车，最终被挖进去。

RANDALL PAUL, Author: My great-great-grandfather was John D.

兰德尔·保罗，作者：我的曾曾祖父是约翰·D·保罗 (John D. Paul)。

Lee, who was the only one brought to trial and convicted for this, in which there was complicity of at least- at least five other leaders, I think, as you read the history, that should have been in that trial.

李是唯一一位因此受到审判并被定罪的人，其中至少有至少五名其他领导人共谋，我认为，当你阅读历史时，应该在那次审判中。

Brigham Young, who was his adopted father, did not support him in the trial.

他的养父杨百翰在审判中并不支持他。

He did not come in and say, "Let's find these other guys, it isn't only John D.

他并没有进来说：“让我们找到其他人，不仅仅是约翰·D·肯尼迪。”

Lee's fault here."

这都是李的错。”

We have very little evidence of any involvement of Brigham Young in the Mountain Meadows Massacre but we do have this one indication in my great-great-grandfather's diary, saying that at least Brigham Young set the stage for certain events to take place.

我们几乎没有证据表明杨百翰参与了山地草甸大屠杀，但我们在我曾曾祖父的日记中确实有这一迹象，说至少杨百翰为某些事件的发生奠定了基础。

DALLIN H.

达林·H.

OAKS, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: I have no doubt, on the basis of what I have studied and learned, that Mormons, including local leaders of our church, were prime movers in that terrible episode and participated in the killing.

奥克斯，摩门教十二使徒定额组：根据我的研究和了解，我毫不怀疑摩门教徒，包括我们教会的当地领袖，是那场可怕事件的主要推动者，并参与了屠杀。

And what a terrible thing to contemplate, that the barbarity of the frontier, and the conditions of the Utah war and whatever provocations were perceived to have been given, would have led to such an extreme episode, such an extreme atrocity perpetrated by members of my faith.

想象一下，边境的野蛮行径、犹他战争的条件以及任何被认为发生的挑衅行为，都会导致如此极端的事件，我的信仰成员犯下如此极端的暴行，这是多么可怕的一件事。

I pray that the Lord will comfort those that are still bereaved by it, and I pray that he can find a way to forgive those who took such a terrible action against their fellow beings.

我祈祷主能安慰那些仍然失去亲人的人，我祈祷他能找到一种方法来原谅那些对同胞采取如此可怕行为的人。

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: Mountain Meadows may be that moment when you can look and say this is where Mormonism's own checks and balances failed them, and they lost control and they burned to the ground.

历史学家凯瑟琳·弗莱克（KATHLEEN FLAKE）：在山区草甸，你可能会看到摩门教自身的制衡机制失效了，他们失去了控制，最终被夷为平地。

This fire, this sense of being God's anointed, of speaking in the name of God, having a work to do, being above the law- Mountain Meadows may be the symbol of that.

这种火焰，这种被上帝膏立的感觉，以上帝之名说话的感觉，有工作要做的感觉，凌驾于法律之上的感觉——山区草甸可能就是这些的象征。

And until Mormonism itself comes to terms with Mountain Meadows and how that happened, it will remain alive for them, as well.

在摩门教本身接受山区草甸以及这是如何发生的之前，它对他们来说也将继续存在。

Every time it comes out, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints flinches, knowing that there's going to be housewife in Illinois or a banker in Atlanta or a clergyman in upstate New York who's going to look at that and say, "Aha, polygamy, Mormons, Utah, I knew it."

每次它出来时，耶稣基督后期圣徒教会都会退缩，因为他们知道伊利诺伊州的家庭主妇、亚特兰大的银行家或纽约州北部的牧师会看到这些并说：“啊哈，一夫多妻制，摩门教徒，犹他州，我就知道。”

Pres.

新闻。

GORDON B.

戈登·B.

HINCKLEY, LDS General Conference, 1998: I wish to state categorically that this church has nothing whatever to do with those practicing polygamy.

欣克利，摩门教总会，1998 年：我想明确声明，这个教会与实行一夫多妻制的人没有任何关系。

They are not members of this church.

他们不是这个教会的成员。

Most of them have never been members.

他们中的大多数人从未成为过会员。

They are in violation of the civil law.

他们违反了民法。

They know they are in violation of the law.

他们知道自己违反了法律。

They are subject to its penalties.

他们将受到处罚。

The church, of course, has no jurisdiction whatever in this matter.

当然，教会在这件事上没有任何管辖权。

If any of our members are found to be practicing plural marriage, they're excommunicated, the most serious penalty the Church can impose.

如果我们的任何成员被发现实行多重婚姻，他们就会被逐出教会，这是教会可以施加的最严重的惩罚。

RICHARD BUSHMAN, Biographer of Joseph Smith: Joseph Smith begins seriously to take plural wives, in rapid order, maybe 30 wives in total, 10 of them married to other men.

理查德·布什曼，约瑟夫·史密斯的传记作者：约瑟夫·史密斯开始认真地娶多个妻子，速度很快，总共可能有 30 个妻子，其中 10 个嫁给了其他男人。

There was pressure put on these women.

这些女性承受着巨大的压力。

They were told that this was the Lord's will and he was the Lord's prophet, and that if they were to please God, they had to comply.

他们被告知这是主的旨意，而他是主的先知，如果他们要取悦上帝，就必须遵守。

Joseph tended to couch it in terms of the blessings that would come not only to them, but to their whole family, that they would all be blessed by being sealed together in this relationship with the prophet.

约瑟倾向于用祝福来表达，祝福不仅会降临到他们身上，也会降临到他们的整个家庭，即他们都会因与先知的这种关系而受到印证而受到祝福。

It led to all sorts of problems for him.

这给他带来了各种各样的问题。

It tried the souls of even the faithful members.

它甚至考验着忠实成员的灵魂。

And of course, it led to grave alienation of his own wife, Emma.

当然，这导致了他对自己的妻子艾玛的严重疏远。

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: The question arises, did Smith lie to his wife?

历史学家凯瑟琳·弗莱克：问题来了，史密斯对他的妻子撒了谎吗？

Probably so.

大概是这样。

But we don't have enough of the dialogue to know exactly what went on between Smith and his wife.

但我们没有足够的对话来确切了解史密斯和他的妻子之间发生了什么。

We do know that he had marriages that she didn't know about, and that they were with women who lived under her roof and they were with her friends.

我们确实知道他有过她不知道的婚姻，而且他们和住在她屋檐下的女人以及她的朋友在一起。

And that, of course, is a nightmare for anyone.

当然，这对任何人来说都是一场噩梦。

MARGARET TOSCANO, Classics Professor: When I started finding out some of the things that Joseph Smith actually did and said, I think he was struggling with trying to bring together spirituality and sexuality.

玛格丽特·托斯卡诺，古典学教授：当我开始发现约瑟夫·史密斯实际上做过和说过的一些事情时，我认为他正在努力将灵性和性结合在一起。

And quite frankly, Christianity has been really bad at this, and most major religions have been really bad at spirituality and sexuality.

坦率地说，基督教在这方面确实很糟糕，而大多数主要宗教在灵性和性方面也确实很糟糕。

You're supposed to be spiritual on Sunday, sexual when you're in bed with your partner, your legal husband or wife, right, no one else, and yet you're supposed to deny your sexuality in all of these other contexts.

周日你应该是精神上的，当你和你的伴侣，你的合法丈夫或妻子，对的，没有其他人在床上时你应该是性的，但你应该在所有这些其他情况下否认你的性行为。

Well, it doesn't make sense.

好吧，这没有意义。

And this is exactly what happened to my great-grandfather.

这正是发生在我曾祖父身上的事情。

And I have his wife's diary.

我还有他妻子的日记。

She was devastated.

她很伤心。

She was - she was - just couldn't believe that - that this man with whom she had several children and had a wonderful life, that she was now going to have to share him with a 16-year-old girl.

她——她——简直不敢相信——这个男人和她生了几个孩子，过着美好的生活，而她现在却不得不和一个 16 岁的女孩分享他。

She was 30.

她30岁了。

That 16-year-old girl was my great-grandmother.

那个16岁的女孩是我的曾祖母。

And it took a few days of going out for walks at night and talking, and then everybody adjusted to the idea.

花了几天时间晚上出去散步、聊天，然后每个人都适应了这个想法。

"Yes, we're going to have another wife." And it isn't, "I'm going to have another wife," but "We're going to have another wife." They really did try and make it work because they - again, the idea of perfect obedience.

“是的，我们还要再娶一个妻子。”不是“我要再娶一个妻子”，而是“我们要再娶一个妻子”。他们确实尝试过并使其发挥作用，因为他们再次强调了完美服从的理念。

You simply can't say, "I won't do this." You can't say that and still be a good Mormon.

你根本不能说：“我不会这样做。”你不能说这样的话，仍然是一个好的摩门教徒。

[www.pbs.org: More about Utah statehood]

[www.pbs.org：有关犹他州建州的更多信息]

B.

B.

CARMON HARDY, Historian of Polygamy: And when the Utah territorial prison filled up and the Idaho territorial prison filled up and the Arizona territorial prison filled up, they began sending them east to Nebraska, and even to Detroit.

卡蒙·哈迪，一夫多妻制历史学家：当犹他州领地监狱、爱达荷州领地监狱和亚利桑那州领地监狱都满员时，他们开始将他们向东送往内布拉斯加州，甚至底特律。

They were being convicted by the hundreds.

数百人被定罪。

And so men had to often hide out.

因此男人们不得不经常躲藏起来。

And what happens is these evidentiary photos start getting published in newspapers and national magazines, and rather than snowball towards conviction, it produces this great public sentiment, "Leave these people alone."

所发生的事情是，这些证据照片开始在报纸和全国性杂志上发表，它并没有像滚雪球一样越滚越大，最终产生了一种巨大的公众情绪，“别管这些人了”。

ROBIN FOX, Anthropologist: Mainstream orthodox Mormons today, while officially they deplore polygamy, nevertheless, somewhere naggingly at the back of their minds is a great ambivalence because this was a revelation to Joseph Smith.

罗宾·福克斯，人类学家：当今主流的正统摩门教徒，虽然他们在官方上谴责一夫多妻制，然而，在他们的内心深处，有一个挥之不去的矛盾心理，因为这是约瑟夫·史密斯的启示。

What are they going to say, God didn't reveal it to him, you know?

他们会说什么，上帝没有向他透露这一点，你知道吗？

It was to them a very profound moment in their history and very, very important, and these people keep it alive.

对他们来说，这是他们历史上一个非常深刻的时刻，非常非常重要，而这些人让这一时刻永垂不朽。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: In the 19th century, to call someone a Mormon was akin to calling someone a Muslim terrorist.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：在 19 世纪，称某人为摩门教徒就等于称某人为穆斯林恐怖分子。

GORDON B.

戈登·B.

HINCKLEY, LDS Church President: Prepare to consecrate two years of your lives to serve the Lord as a full-time missionary-

欣克利，摩门教徒教会主席：准备好奉献两年的生命，作为一名全职传教士来事奉主——

KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK, Business Consultant: The church and my family are so intertwined, it just creates a kind of aura of love.

KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK，商业顾问：教会和我的家庭是如此紧密地交织在一起，它创造了一种爱的光环。

It makes your home a holy place.

它使您的家成为一个神圣的地方。

DALLIN H.

达林·H.

OAKS, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: It's wrong to criticize leaders of the church, even if the criticism is true.

奥克斯，摩门教徒十二使徒定额组：批评教会领袖是错误的，即使批评是真实的。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: The temple exists as a kind of vehicle through which we conquer mortality.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），作者：神庙的存在是一种我们战胜死亡的工具。

Not a single atom or particle of our bodies will be lost, but everything will be reconstituted as fully as it was.

我们身体的任何一个原子或粒子都不会丢失，但一切都会像以前一样完全重建。

It's almost a kind of celebration of the totality of triumph over death.

这几乎是对完全战胜死亡的庆祝。

The Mormons had turned their backs on America and made a perilous journey across the continent in search of their own country, only to then engage in a 50-year struggle with the U.S. government over their practice of polygamy and political control of the Utah Territory.

摩门教徒背弃了美国，踏上了穿越整个大陆寻找自己国家的危险旅程，却又因一夫多妻制和对犹他领地的政治控制而与美国政府进行了长达 50 年的斗争。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: In the 1880s, U.S. presidents at their inaugurations used their inaugural address to decry the Mormon experience, to identify it as domestic threat number one after the Civil War.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：在 1880 年代，美国总统在就职典礼上使用他们的就职演说来谴责摩门教的经历，并将其视为内战后的头号国内威胁。

Fast-forward 100 years, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir is singing at presidential inaugurations.

快进 100 年，摩门教礼拜堂合唱团正在总统就职典礼上演唱。

So they become a very mainstream, very capital-centered economic interest that moves in a conservative direction, as the embodiment of family values, morality issues.

所以它们成为一种非常主流、非常以资本为中心的经济利益，朝着保守的方向发展，作为家庭价值观、道德问题的体现。

Where at one time they were vilified, they were considered disloyal, in fact, they were considered a knife at the back of the American experience, now they are, in fact, considered, in some ways, the very embodiment of what it means to be American.

他们曾经被诽谤，被认为是不忠诚的，事实上，他们被认为是美国经历背后的一把刀，现在，事实上，在某些方面，他们被认为是作为美国人的真正体现。

How was that brought about?

这是怎么造成的？

KATHLEEN FLAKE, Historian: In 1903, a man arrives in Washington named Reed Smoot.

凯瑟琳·弗莱克 (KATHLEEN FLAKE)，历史学家：1903 年，一位名叫里德·斯穆特 (Reed Smoot) 的男子抵达华盛顿。

He's been elected to the Senate, and he is a Mormon apostle, the equivalent of a very high cardinal.

他被选入参议院，并且是一名摩门教使徒，相当于一位非常高级的红衣主教。

In fact, it's difficult for us to imagine what it meant for this apostle to arrive in the Senate and represent a state in the national legislature.

事实上，我们很难想象这位使徒进入参议院并在国家立法机构中代表一个州意味着什么。

SARAH BARRINGER GORDON, Historian: Mormons entered into national party politics.

莎拉·巴林格·戈登，历史学家：摩门教徒进入国家政党政治。

They gave up the People's Party which was the official party of the faith, and became themselves active within especially the Republican Party but also the Democratic Party.

他们放弃了作为信仰的官方政党的人民党，并在特别是共和党和民主党内变得活跃。

They also did a good job of participating in the military life of the country.

他们还很好地参与了国家的军事生活。

Mormons fought wars, volunteered at extraordinarily high rates, recalibrated their patriotism to be loyal to the government in Washington.

摩门教徒打仗，以极高的比例志愿服务，重新调整他们的爱国主义以忠于华盛顿政府。

RICHARD OSTLING, Co-Author, Mormon America: The Mormon church is not only wealthy, but it's unusually secretive about the extent of its wealth.

理查德·奥斯林（Richard Ostling），《摩门教美国》合著者：摩门教教会不仅富有，而且对其财富规模异常保密。

Most American religious groups of any size give full financial accounting to the membership, but the facts of the Mormon financial empire are never revealed to the membership, much less the wide world.

大多数美国宗教团体，无论规模如何，都会向其成员提供完整的财务会计，但摩门教金融帝国的事实从未向成员透露，更不用说向全世界透露了。

And as far as we can tell, there have been no major financial scandals.

据我们所知，还没有发生重大财务丑闻。

The leaders handle the business, and the members contentedly go on trusting in the leaders.

领导处理事情，成员们心满意足地继续信任领导。

GREG PRINCE, Author: Since the time that Brigham Young decided to grow a beard, the face of Mormon literally was bearded polygamist, bearded polygamist, bearded polygamist.

格雷格·普林斯（GREG PRINCE），作者：自从杨百翰决定留胡子以来，摩门教的面孔实际上就是留胡子的一夫多妻主义者，留胡子的一夫多妻主义者，留胡子的一夫多妻主义者。

We're clear up to the middle of the 20th century, and that face hasn't changed.

直到20世纪中叶，我们的面貌仍然没有改变。

Then all of a sudden, with a heartbeat, the face of Mormonism becomes a clean-shaven, non-polygamist white knight.

然后突然间，随着心跳，摩门教的面孔变成了一个刮得干干净净、非一夫多妻制的白衣骑士。

President David O.

总统戴维·O.

McKay frequently wore a pure white double-breasted suit.

麦凯经常穿着纯白色的双排扣西装。

This was the new face of Mormonism, and it was unlike anything that had preceded it.

这是摩门教的新面貌，它与之前的任何事物都不同。

It was scripted by central casting.

它是由中央选角编写的。

He knew the importance of image before the era of professional image makers.

在专业形象制作者时代到来之前，他就知道形象的重要性。

He reinjected us into the national scene by blessing the request of Dwight Eisenhower to have one of the apostles, Ezra Taft Benson, be a member of the Eisenhower cabinet, and his presence in Washington gave the church a presence there they had not had previously

他批准了德怀特·艾森豪威尔让使徒之一埃兹拉·塔夫脱·本森成为艾森豪威尔内阁成员的请求，使我们重新进入了国家舞台，而他在华盛顿的出现给教会带来了他们以前从未有过的存在。

[www.pbs.org: Read the extended interview]

[www.pbs.org：阅读扩展采访]

Sen.

参议员。

ROBERT BENNETT (R), Utah: One of the major P.R.

罗伯特·贝内特（右），犹他州：主要公关之一。

tools of the church has been the Tabernacle Choir.

教会的工具是会幕唱诗班。

When they got on radio, they became the nation's choir.

当他们登上广播电台后，他们就成为了全国的合唱团。

The Tabernacle Choir has been an extraordinary ambassador for the church.

会幕唱诗班一直是教会的非凡大使。

CARL MOSSER, Biblical Studies Professor: In the early 1980s, the LDS church produced a new version of the Book of Mormon and they subtitled it "another testament of Jesus Christ." A few years ago, the LDS church changed its logo and made the words Jesus Christ much larger than the rest of the words in the name of their church to emphasize to the world that they are a mainstream Christian faith.

CARL MOSSER，圣经研究教授：在 20 世纪 80 年代初期，摩门教徒教会制作了新版本的《摩尔门经》，他们的副标题是“耶稣基督的另一部约”。几年前，摩门教徒教会改变了标志，将“耶稣基督”的字样比教会名称中的其他字样大得多，以向世界强调他们是主流基督教信仰。

DARIUS GRAY, Author: I think the most damning statement came from one of the presidents of the church, the third president of the church, John Taylor.

达流斯·格雷，作者：我认为最严厉的声明来自教会的一位会长，即教会的第三任会长约翰·泰勒。

Basically, he said that the reason that blacks had been allowed to come through the flood, the flood of Noah, was so that Satan would have representation upon the earth, that black folks were here to represent Satan and to have a balance against white folks, who were here to represent Jesus Christ, the savior.

基本上，他说黑人被允许经历诺亚洪水的原因是为了让撒旦在地球上有代表，黑人在这里代表撒旦，并与白人保持平衡，而白人在这里代表救世主耶稣基督。

How do you damn a people more than to say that their existence upon the earth is to represent Satan?

除了说他们在地球上的存在代表撒旦之外，你还能如何诅咒一个民族呢？

Sen.

参议员。

ROBERT BENNETT: The most controversial thing in the church was the church's position on giving priesthood authority to blacks and the church's refusal to do that.

罗伯特·贝内特：教会中最具争议的事情是教会在向黑人授予神职权方面的立场以及教会拒绝这样做。

I say blacks rather than African-Americans because it applied throughout the world.

我说的是黑人而不是非裔美国人，因为它适用于全世界。

[www.pbs.org: More on the Mormon priesthood]

[www.pbs.org：有关摩门教祭司的更多信息]

BILLY JOHNSON, Co-Founder, LDS Church, Ghana: And I read the Book of Mormon.

BILLY JOHNSON，加纳 LDS 教会联合创始人：我读了《摩尔门经》。

I was pulled by the power of the Holy Ghost to believe, that it was a sound and a true testimony.

我被圣灵的力量所吸引，相信这是一个声音，一个真实的见证。

I started from street to street, from town to town, from house to house, spreading the message.

我开始从一条街到另一条街，从一个城镇到另一个城镇，从一个房子到另一个房子，传播信息。

SAM BAINSON, LDS Convert: And they kept writing to Salt Lake City.

萨姆·贝森 (SAM BAINSON)，摩门教皈依者：他们不断写信给盐湖城。

They want the missionaries to come and baptize this group of people they're getting.

他们希望传教士来为他们的这群人施洗。

They want Salt Lake to come and show them how to form the church properly.

他们希望盐湖城能够来向他们展示如何正确组建教会。

But the church couldn't send missionaries to Ghana to baptize them because of the ban on the priesthood for blacks.

但由于加纳禁止黑人担任牧师，教会无法派遣传教士前往加纳为他们施洗。

All of those things, I think, had a cumulative effect.

我认为所有这些事情都会产生累积效应。

The 1st of June, 1978, Spencer Kimball, his two counselors, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, met in the temple.

1978 年 6 月 1 日，斯宾塞·金博尔 (Spencer Kimball) 和他的两位顾问，十二使徒定额组，在圣殿聚会。

They engaged in group prayer, and it was described as a Pentecostal experience.

他们进行集体祈祷，这被描述为五旬节经历。

EDWARD KIMBALL, Son of Spencer W.

爱德华·金博尔 (Edward Kimball)，斯宾塞·W·金博尔 (Spencer W.

Kimball: One described it as though there were the tongues of flame that are talked about in Acts.

金博尔：有人形容它就像使徒行传中谈到的火舌一样。

Another said it was like a rushing of wind for him.

另一个人说这对他来说就像一阵风吹过。

GORDON B.

戈登·B.

HINCKLEY, LDS Church President: I was there.

欣克利，摩门教教会主席：我当时也在场。

There was something of a Pentecostal spirit.

有某种五旬节精神。

But on the other hand, it was peaceful, quiet, not a cataclysmic thing in any sense.

但另一方面，一切都是和平、安静的，绝不是什么灾难性的事情。

It was just a feeling that came over all of us, and we knew that it was the right thing at the right time and that we should proceed.

这只是我们所有人的一种感觉，我们知道这是在正确的时间发生的正确的事情，我们应该继续前进。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: And in recent years, especially, those relief efforts have been extended not just to members of the church but to over 150 major humanitarian crises around the world in locations as disparate as Kosovo, North Korea, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

作者特里·吉文斯：尤其是近年来，这些救援工作不仅扩展到教会成员，还扩展到世界各地科索沃、朝鲜、莫桑比克和津巴布韦等不同地点的 150 多个重大人道主义危机。

The efficiency of the Mormon welfare apparatus is really legendary.

摩门教福利机构的效率真是传奇。

It operates with all the efficiency of the German Wehrmacht.

它以德国国防军的所有效率运作。

In Katrina of 2005, the Mormon relief trucks were on the way before the hurricane had even made landfall.

2005年的卡特里娜飓风中，摩门教的救援卡车在飓风登陆之前就已上路。

JAMES MADISON, Louisiana Resident: To live in this region now is to live with an overwhelming sense of sadness and to come home and see that you've lost a lot of history.

詹姆斯·麦迪逊，路易斯安那州居民：现在生活在这个地区，生活在一种压倒性的悲伤之中，回家后发现自己失去了很多历史。

It's devastating.

这是毁灭性的。

How can you ever clean this up?

你怎么能把它清理干净呢？

There's not enough dumps in the world to hold all this.

世界上没有足够的垃圾场来容纳这一切。

We were hearing stories on the radio of troops coming in.

我们在广播中听到军队进驻的故事。

Helicopters were flying over.

直升机飞过。

We even heard the president was flying over in a big helicopter, looking at us.

我们甚至听说总统乘坐一架大型直升机飞过，看着我们。

But nobody was there on the ground with us except for the Mormons in their yellow T-shirts who showed up to help us clean up.

但除了穿着黄色 T 恤的摩门教徒来帮助我们清理外，地面上没有人和我们在一起。

And they didn't just come in to hand us a piece of food, a piece of bread or something, and say, "Here's something to eat," you know, "while you're working." They actually got down and cleaned and worked.

他们不只是进来递给我们一块食物、一块面包什么的，然后说，“这是你工作时可以吃的东西”。他们实际上坐下来打扫卫生并工作。

LARRY HESS, Fire Chief: Two folks and myself went over to the bishop's warehouse, this huge building.

拉里·赫斯（LARRY HESS），消防队长：我和两个人去了主教的仓库，这座巨大的建筑。

It was all cataloged and categorized, and their warehousing procedures and policies- they just knew where everything was.

所有这些都被编目和分类，他们的仓储程序和政策——他们只知道所有东西在哪里。

They knew how much of each thing they had.

他们知道自己拥有的每样东西有多少。

They were able to get not only saws to us but canned goods, access to outside communications.

他们不仅能够为我们提供锯子，还能够为我们提供罐头食品，以及与外部通讯的渠道。

They had satellite phones.

他们有卫星电话。

It was almost as though a business that specialized in emergency or community disaster response had arrived.

这就好像一家专门从事紧急事件或社区灾难响应的企业已经到来。

Former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts is a contender for the Republican nomination for president.

马萨诸塞州前州长米特·罗姆尼是共和党总统提名的有力竞争者。

But amidst success, there are still signs of deep resistance.

但在成功的同时，仍然存在深刻阻力的迹象。

Several recent polls show that from one quarter to as many as 43 percent of voters say that they would not vote for a Mormon for president.

最近的几项民意调查显示，四分之一到多达 43% 的选民表示，他们不会投票给摩门教徒当总统。

These conflicting signals all reflect the inherent tensions in the Mormon stance in American life.

这些相互矛盾的信号都反映了摩门教立场在美国生活中固有的紧张关系。

DANIEL PETERSON, Islamic Studies Professor: I glory in the distinctives of 19th century Mormonism.

丹尼尔·彼得森，伊斯兰研究教授：我对 19 世纪摩门教的独特之处感到自豪。

I worry that we may have become too assimilated.

我担心我们可能已经变得过于同化了。

We are- you know, we are different.

我们是——你知道，我们是不同的。

We need to remember that, that we were in tension with the surrounding society.

我们需要记住，我们与周围社会处于紧张关系。

And there always ought to be some.

而且总应该有一些。

We ought to be bothered if everybody thinks we're just peachy keen.

如果每个人都认为我们只是热衷于桃花，我们应该感到烦恼。

GORDON B.

戈登·B.

HINCKLEY, LDS Church President: I throw out a challenge to every young man within this vast congregation tonight.

欣克利，摩门教教会主席：今晚我向这个广大会众中的每一位年轻人提出了挑战。

Prepare yourself now to be worthy to serve the Lord as a full-time missionary.

现在就准备好自己，配称作为一名全职传教士来事奉主。

Prepare to concentrate two years of your lives to this sacred service.

准备好将两年的生命集中在这项神圣的服务上。

RICHARD BUSHMAN, Biographer of Joseph Smith: From the very outset, Joseph Smith was persuaded that he had a message that was for the whole world.

理查德·布什曼（Richard Bushman），约瑟夫·史密斯的传记作者：从一开始，约瑟夫·史密斯就相信他有一个面向全世界的信息。

And he adopted this radical idea that he did not have to train people to do this, he could simply commission them.

他采用了一个激进的想法，即他不必培训人们来做这件事，他可以简单地委托他们。

So from the start, he sent out first his family members, and everyone who joined his church became a missionary.

所以从一开始，他就先派出他的家人出去，所有加入他教会的人都成为传教士。

Sen.

参议员。

ROBERT BENNETT: In the late 1830s, what might have been one of the darkest hours of the church, when Joseph was beset with disloyalty and disillusion all around him, Joseph gathers those members of the Twelve that are closest to him, and says, "I'm sending you to Great Britain.

罗伯特·贝内特：在 1830 年代末，这可能是教会最黑暗的时刻之一，当时约瑟夫周围充满了不忠诚和幻灭，约瑟夫聚集了那些与他最亲近的十二使徒成员，并说：“我要派你们去英国。

I'm putting you on a boat and sending you across the Atlantic," a violation of every organizational rule, everything you'd learn at the Harvard Business School as to how to keep an organization together.

我要把你送上船，送你横渡大西洋，”这违反了每一条组织规则，违反了你在哈佛商学院学到的关于如何保持组织团结的一切。

Sen.

参议员。

ROBERT BENNETT: The pioneers who filled the valley and staffed the church came from Great Britain and Scandinavia and Germany.

罗伯特·贝内特：遍布山谷并为教会配备人员的先驱者来自英国、斯堪的纳维亚半岛和德国。

My grandfather, born in Birmingham, England- Mormon missionaries found his mother and her parents, and they joined the church.

我的祖父出生在英国伯明翰，摩门教传教士找到了他的母亲和她的父母，他们加入了教会。

And part of the missionary lessons- you know, you've got to believe in the Book of Mormon, you've got to believe in Baptism and you've got to move to Utah.

传教士课程的一部分 - 你知道，你必须相信摩尔门经，你必须相信洗礼，你必须搬到犹他州。

[laughs] That's a pretty tough missionary sell.

[笑]这是一个相当艰难的传教士推销。

GREG PRINCE, Biographer of David O.

格雷格·普林斯 (GREG PRINCE)，大卫·O·普林斯 (David O.

McKay: David O.

麦凯：大卫·O.

McKay brought this church into the 20th century, even though he got started halfway through that century.

麦凯将这座教堂带入了 20 世纪，尽管他是在 20 世纪中叶开始的。

We were a church that still was insular.

我们是一个仍然与世隔绝的教会。

We brought people to Salt Lake.

我们带人们去了盐湖城。

He said, "Let's reverse that.

他说：“让我们扭转局面。

Stay where you are.

呆在原地。

Grow where you're planted.

在你种植的地方生长。

Make the church a vital force throughout the world." The number of missionaries multiplied several-fold.

让教会成为全世界的重要力量。”传教士的数量成倍增加。

The number of convert baptisms multiplied even more so because he injected that new spirit into what they were doing.

由于他将新的精神注入到他们所做的事情中，接受洗礼的人数成倍增加。

BRYAN HORN, Student: You go.

布莱恩·霍恩（BRYAN HORN），学生：你走吧。

You go.

你去。

You go.

你去。

You go.

你去。

Dad went.

爸爸去了。

Grandpa went.

爷爷去了。

And Grandpa, who's a descendant of Wilfred Woodruff, who was taught by Joseph Smith, went on missions, you know?

祖父是威尔弗雷德·伍德拉夫的后裔，他的师从约瑟夫·史密斯，他曾去传教，你知道吗？

You go.

你去。

You go.

你去。

And you start earning at age 5, when you, you know, are old enough to count, and you earn all the way to 19.

你从 5 岁开始赚钱，那时你知道，你已经到了可以计算的年龄，并且你一直赚钱到 19 岁。

DAVID PACE, Author: I was prepared to go on a mission during a time when it was for all intents and purposes mandatory for young men to go on missions.

大卫·佩斯，作家：在那个时代，无论出于什么意图和目的，年轻人都必须去执行任务，我已经准备好执行任务了。

I had to in order to exist in my world, as I knew it.

据我所知，为了生存在我的世界里，我必须这样做。

When I returned, no one would want to marry me, that I knew, unless I was a returned missionary.

我知道，当我回来时，没有人愿意嫁给我，除非我是一名归国的传教士。

My parents would lose all respect for me if I did not go on a mission.

如果我不去传教，我的父母就会失去对我的所有尊重。

DANIEL PETERSON, Islamic Studies Professor: My father said, "Well, let's have a prayer." And he began to pray, and then he broke down and sobbed.

丹尼尔·彼得森，伊斯兰研究教授：我父亲说，“好吧，让我们祈祷吧。”他开始祈祷，然后崩溃哭泣。

And I remember for the first time, I thought to myself, "What on earth am I doing?

我记得第一次，我心想：“我到底在做什么？

I'm abandoning my parents for two years." He was obviously just broken up about it.

我要抛弃我的父母两年。”显然他刚刚为此分手了。

I had never seen my father cry in my life.

我一生中从未见过父亲哭泣。

And to see him sobbing and having to gain control of himself, for just a little moment, I thought, "I must be nuts.

看到他抽泣，不得不控制自己，有那么一会儿，我想：“我一定是疯了。

What kind of a church would ask this kind of thing?"

什么样的教会会提出这样的问题？”

There is that pain.

有那种痛苦。

The church does ask sacrifices.

教会确实要求献祭。

We don't have to cross the plains anymore with a handcart, but it does ask things of us that sometimes are tough.

我们不再需要用手推车穿过平原，但它确实要求我们做一些有时很困难的事情。

D.

D .

MICHAEL QUINN, Historian: It's one thing to leave your family and go into a dormitory, to a university, or go into the military.

历史学家迈克尔·奎因：离开家人进入宿舍、上大学或参军是一回事。

But still, you have an independence.

但你仍然有独立性。

You can choose to do what you want.

你可以选择做你想做的事。

When you become an LDS missionary, you have a companion who is assigned to you 24 hours a day.

当您成为一名 LDS 传教士时，您就会有一位每天 24 小时为您指派的同伴。

You never leave the side of that companion except to go to the bathroom.

除了去洗手间之外，你永远不会离开那个同伴的身边。

MELISSA MOWER, Student: You don't get your alone time on a mission.

梅丽莎·莫尔（MELISSA MOWER），学生：你没有单独的时间去执行任务。

You're in a very small apartment together, and you just always need to know where the other one is and what they're doing.

你们一起住在一间很小的公寓里，你总是需要知道对方在哪里以及他们在做什么。

So that was very difficult with someone you get along with, and then you get a companion that you don't get along with, and you're doing a lot of praying and soul-searching because you have companionship inventory once a week.

所以，和一个和你相处的人在一起是非常困难的，然后你会得到一个和你不合的伴侣，你会做很多祈祷和自我反省，因为你每周都会有一次陪伴清单。

CALVIN HARPER, LDS Convert: Of all that time, 65, 70 hours a week knocking doors, talking to people in the street, I never had one conversion.

卡尔文·哈珀 (CALVIN HARPER)，摩门教皈依者：在每周 65、70 小时敲门、与街上的人交谈的所有时间里，我从未获得过皈依。

You'd go weeks without teaching sometimes.

有时你会连续几个星期不教书。

It was just hard.

这太难了。

People didn't want to hear.

人们不想听。

But if they found out I was an Indian, then they were interested.

但如果他们发现我是印度人，那么他们就会感兴趣。

They wanted to talk about Indians.

他们想谈论印第安人。

They didn't want to talk about religion.

他们不想谈论宗教。

TREVOR SOUTHEY, Artist: I was 24 when I went on my mission to Rhodesia.

TREVOR SOUTHEY，艺术家：当我去罗德西亚执行任务时，我才 24 岁。

I was still very much full of the romance of my own conversion.

我仍然对自己皈依的浪漫充满了幻想。

I actually baptized a large number of people for my mission, the average, I think, was, like, two, and I baptized something like 25, largely because of one family of 12 that lived down the street from where, you know, my companion and I lived.

事实上，我为我的传教使命为很多人施洗，我想平均是两个人，而我为大约 25 个人施洗，主要是因为一个 12 口人的家庭就住在我和我的同伴居住的街道上。

I had a wonderful time teaching people.

我在教人方面度过了一段美好的时光。

It really made you feel that I was part of something much bigger than myself, that a single individual could be changed by my capacity to teach these people.

这真的让你觉得我是比我自己更伟大的事情的一部分，一个人可以通过我教导这些人的能力而改变。

The transformational quality was undeniably powerful, and so the very things that had happened to me I began to see happen to other people.

无可否认，这种转变的力量是强大的，因此我开始看到发生在我身上的事情也发生在其他人身上。

RICK PHILLIPS, Sociology Professor: The church has a real problem keeping new members in the faith.

里克·菲利普斯（RICK PHILLIPS），社会学教授：教会在保持新成员的信仰方面存在着真正的问题。

Part of the reason for that is that the church does a marvelous job finding converts and bringing them into the church through baptism, but it spends less time and less effort helping new members of the church find their way in their new congregations.

部分原因是教会在寻找归信者并通过洗礼将他们带入教会方面做得非常出色，但它花费更少的时间和精力来帮助教会的新成员在新的会众中找到自己的出路。

Also, conversion to Mormonism involves a radical transformation of someone's life.

此外，皈依摩门教还涉及一个人生活的彻底转变。

If I convert to a typical Christian sect, I don't know that they're going to ask me for 10 percent of my income.

如果我皈依一个典型的基督教教派，我不知道他们会向我索要收入的 10%。

I don't know if they're going to ask me for literally almost all of my discretionary time.

我不知道他们是否会要求我提供几乎所有的自由支配时间。

Because it is a church that is run solely by the membership, congregations can only sustain themselves when members contribute as least as much as they take.

因为这是一个完全由会员管理的教会，所以只有当会员的贡献与他们所获得的一样多时，会众才能维持自己的生活。

So retaining a Latter Day Saint is a pretty serious enterprise, more serious than retaining the average charismatic Christian or conservative Christian.

因此，保留一位末世圣徒是一项相当严肃的事业，比保留一般有魅力的基督徒或保守的基督徒更严肃。

This is a church that demands everything.

这是一座要求一切的教会。

JAMES DALRYMPLE, Sr., Filmmaker: We had a son who was serving on a mission in Brazil.

老詹姆斯·达尔林普尔（JAMES DALRYMPLE），电影制片人：我们有一个儿子正在巴西执行任务。

He had been there for about a year.

他在那里待了大约一年。

He was serving out from the capital of Brasilia by quite some distance, and I couldn't reach him.

他在离首都巴西利亚很远的地方发球，我联系不到他。

And so the branch president wrote a note, put it on the door, and said, "Your mom has passed away.

于是分会主席写了一张纸条，贴在门上，说道：“你妈妈去世了。

Call home." He's 5,000 miles away, and I'm crying and he's crying on the phone.

打电话回家。”他在 5,000 英里之外，我在哭，他在电话里哭。

And how do you put your arms around your son when he's that far away?

当你的儿子离你那么远时，你如何拥抱他？

JAMES DALRYMPLE, Jr., Former LDS Missionary: And I mean, it just felt so awful to think that I was sitting here by myself and to think that I- that my- I didn't know what my family was going through.

小詹姆斯·达尔林普尔 (JAMES DALRYMPLE, Jr.)，前摩门教徒传教士： 我的意思是，一想到我独自坐在这里，想到我——我的——我不知道我的家人正在经历什么，我的感觉真是太糟糕了。

And it was just a very lonely moment, a very sad moment.

那只是一个非常孤独的时刻，一个非常悲伤的时刻。

It was just- it was- yeah, it was terrible.

那只是——那是——是的，太可怕了。

JAMES DALRYMPLE, Sr.: He didn't come home from his mission.

老詹姆斯·达尔林普尔：他没有完成任务回家。

And I encouraged him not to come home from his mission.

我鼓励他不要完成任务回家。

He knew he was there for a reason.

他知道他在那里是有原因的。

He knew that he was doing what his mother wanted him to do.

他知道他正在做他母亲希望他做的事情。

That was one of the most important things to her in her life, was that she raised her son to serve a mission.

对她来说，这是她一生中最重要的事情之一，那就是她抚养儿子去执行使命。

TAL BACHMAN, Musician: I hit Argentina with the force of a hurricane, being 19 and being absolutely convinced that you're on the Lord's errand, fueled with these fantasies and aspirations.

塔尔·巴赫曼（TAL BACHMAN），音乐家：我以飓风的力量袭击了阿根廷，当时我才 19 岁，并且完全相信自己正在执行上帝的使命，并充满了这些幻想和抱负。

I ended up with my companions baptizing entire congregations of aboriginal people in the mud.

最后我和我的同伴在泥浆里为整个原住民会众施洗。

Living conditions were frequently harsh.

生活条件常常很艰苦。

You don't have fresh water to bathe in, so you're bathing in this rancid, algae-ridden, green, slimy water.

你没有淡水可以洗澡，所以你只能在这种腐臭、充满藻类、绿色、粘糊糊的水中洗澡。

You drink it.

你喝它。

You're dying of thirst.

你快渴死了。

It's, like, a 110, 112, higher degrees.

就像 110、112 或更高的学位。

Poison-spitting toads getting into the apartment, crocodiles running all over the place.

吐毒的蟾蜍闯入公寓，鳄鱼到处乱跑。

I mean, I was completely into it.

我的意思是，我完全投入其中。

I mean, I was so completely wound up that, I mean, if my mission president had asked me to blow myself up like a suicide bomber, I would have said, "Sure.

我的意思是，我非常激动，如果我的传教团主席要求我像自杀式炸弹袭击者一样引爆自己，我会说：“当然。

Where should I go?"

我该去哪里？”

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: Before my mission, I tried to do what is always suggested, to read the scriptures, to say my prayers, to be obedient to the commandments of the church, as we understand them, and hoped in that process, I would gain the spiritual conviction that is promised.

詹森，摩门教教会历史学家：在我的使命之前，我尝试做总是建议的事情，阅读经文，祈祷，服从我们所理解的教会的诫命，并希望在这个过程中，我会获得所应许的精神信念。

And I didn't, at least not to the degree of certainty that I'd hoped for.

但我没有，至少没有达到我所希望的确定程度。

So when I went on my mission, I was still somewhat tentative.

所以当我去执行任务的时候，我还是有些犹豫的。

And I went to Germany.

我去了德国。

I'd had a high school German class and had never learned a thing, unfortunately.

不幸的是，我在高中上过德语课，但什么也没学到。

I didn't even know what "gesundheit" meant when I got there.

当我到达那里时，我什至不知道“gesundheit”是什么意思。

I didn't even like the little German children because they could speak German and I couldn't.

我什至不喜欢德国小孩子，因为他们会说德语，而我不会。

So about six weeks into my mission, my companion and I had stirred up enough difficulty in this Lutheran neighborhood where we were working that the Lutheran minister called a special meeting to warn his parishioners about us and said to his parishioners, "Look, these young Mormons are working here.

因此，在我执行任务大约六周后，我和我的同伴在我们工作的这个路德教社区引起了足够的困难，以至于路德教牧师召开了一次特别会议，警告他的教区居民有关我们的事情，并对他的教区居民说：“看，这些年轻的摩门教徒在这里工作。

Be nice to them, but you don't really need them.

对他们友善，但你并不真正需要他们。

You have Luther.

你有路德。

You have the Bible.

你有圣经。

They have the book of Mormon and Joseph Smith, both of which are obviously fraudulent, so just be kind to them and they'll go away."

他们有摩门教和约瑟·史密斯的书，这两本书显然都是骗人的，所以只要善待他们，他们就会消失。”

Then he made a strategic error.

然后他犯了一个战略错误。

He said- or a tactical error, I guess.

他说——或者是战术错误，我猜。

He said, "Is there anyone else here tonight that would like to say anything about these Mormons?" And of course, my 6-foot-seven companion raised his hand and said, "We would," and up to the front we went.

他说：“今晚还有其他人想对这些摩门教徒说些什么吗？”当然，我身高 6 英尺 7 英寸的同伴举起手说：“我们愿意。”然后我们就走到了前面。

And then he turned to me and said, "And now my companion would like to say how he feels." And I remember thinking, "Well, dandy.

然后他转向我说：“现在我的同伴想谈谈他的感受。”我记得我当时想：“好吧，花花公子。

I can bless the food because that's the only intelligent thing I might have done in German."

我可以祝福食物，因为这是我用德语做的唯一明智的事情。”

But you know, it was interesting.

但你知道，这很有趣。

And this is a tender moment for me because the conviction I'd been searching for came.

这对我来说是一个温柔的时刻，因为我一直在寻找的信念来了。

And it came in this way.

它就这样来了。

I remember sort of composing myself and trying to figure out what I might say in German, which is a very logical language if you know the rules.

我记得我自己镇静下来，试图弄清楚我会用德语说些什么，如果你了解规则，德语是一种非常合乎逻辑的语言。

And I remember in that moment about every German word or phrase I had ever read or heard sort of coming together in a way that I was able to express myself.

在那一刻，我记得我读过或听过的每一个德语单词或短语都以一种我能够表达自己的方式组合在一起。

And I did tell those people that I knew that Joseph Smith was a prophet and that I knew that the Book of Mormon was the word of God and that I knew the church had been restored through Joseph Smith.

我确实告诉那些人，我知道约瑟·史密斯是一位先知，我知道摩尔门经是神的话，而且我知道教会已经通过约瑟·史密斯复兴了。

And it's interesting because, in that moment, I- I came to know, and that was the moment, really, when my hope and my tender belief turned into something really solid, which has been the foundation for the rest of my life.

这很有趣，因为在那一刻，我——我开始知道了，那一刻，真的，我的希望和我温柔的信念变成了真正坚实的东西，这是我余生的基础。

So when people say, "How was your mission?" I say, "It was everything."

所以当人们问“你的使命怎么样？”时我说：“这就是一切。”

And they came in and told me the most preposterous story I have ever heard in my life.

他们进来告诉我这是我一生中听过的最荒谬的故事。

They told me about this white boy, a dead angel and some gold plates.

他们告诉我关于这个白人男孩、一个死去的天使和一些金盘子的事。

And I thought, "I wonder what they on?" I had gotten the name of the church messed up.

我想，“我想知道他们穿什么？”我把教堂的名字搞乱了。

When I first heard it, I thought it was the LDS church, you know?

当我第一次听到它时，我以为这是摩门教徒教会，你知道吗？

And I thought, "Well, LSD." I got it backwards.

我想，“好吧，LSD。”我把它搞反了。

I thought they was talking about LSD, and I thought, "Now, that's the church for me."

我以为他们在谈论迷幻药，我想，“现在，这就是我的教堂。”

And it dawned on me as I sat there and opened that book up, and it said, "I, Nephi, being born of goodly parents"- and it breaks my heart even to this day because it seemed like at that moment, I realized that I wasn't a goodly parent and that I didn't have goodly parents to teach me in the language of my fathers.

当我坐在那里打开那本书时，我恍然大悟，上面写着：“我，尼腓，由善良的父母所生。”直到今天，这让我心碎，因为似乎在那一刻，我意识到我不是一个好的父母，而且我没有好的父母用我父亲的语言来教我。

I found something inside of me that was responding to this message of hope, of family that could be together forever, of raising my children and learning how to be a good parent, not drinking, not smoking, not cussing every word, using the Lord's name in vain.

我发现我内心有某种东西正在回应这个希望的信息，希望家庭可以永远在一起，抚养我的孩子，学习如何成为一个好父母，不喝酒，不抽烟，不说脏话，徒劳地使用主的名。

And I tell you, to come into the church because I wanted that, to me, it was like a pearl of great price.

我告诉你，进入教堂是因为我想要它，对我来说，它就像一颗无价的珍珠。

JON BUTLER, Historian: All religious systems have to move beyond their own founding, and many religious systems have found that very difficult to do.

乔恩·巴特勒（JON BUTLER），历史学家：所有宗教体系都必须超越其自身的创立，许多宗教体系发现这很难做到。

Christianity did it.

基督教做到了。

Islam did it.

伊斯兰教做到了。

Judaism did it.

犹太教做到了。

The question is, can Mormonism do it?

问题是，摩门教能做到吗？

The past is thrusting itself up in front of the Mormons day after day, almost hour after hour, and it's difficult to deal with.

过去日复一日、几乎一小时又一小时地出现在摩门教徒面前，令人难以应对。

And like much in the past, it's very messy.

和过去一样，它非常混乱。

BOYD K.

博伊德·K.

PACKER, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: The glory of God is intelligence.

帕克，摩门教十二使徒定额组：神的荣耀就是智慧。

Light and truth forsake the evil one.

光明和真理抛弃邪恶。

Ye are commanded to bring up your children in light and truth.

你们被命令要在光明和真理中抚养你们的孩子。

JEFFREY NIELSEN, Philosophy Professor: Intellectuals, by their very nature, ask questions.

杰弗里·尼尔森，哲学教授：知识分子本质上就是提出问题。

They're curious.

他们很好奇。

They see some statement made, and they want to know why.

他们看到一些声明，他们想知道原因。

DALLIN H.

达林·H.

OAKS, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: The life of the mind can be seen to be in flat-out opposition to one's faith.

奥克斯，摩门教十二使徒定额组：可以看出，思想生活与一个人的信仰是公然对立的。

MARGARET TOSCANO, Classics Professor: To be a Mormon intellectual means that you're opening up yourself to being called into a church court.

玛格丽特·托斯卡诺，古典学教授：成为一名摩门教知识分子意味着你要敞开心扉，接受教会法庭的召唤。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: Brigham Young's principle was simple: "You are either with us or you're against us.

肯·维尔多亚，记者：杨百翰的原则很简单：“你要么支持我们，要么反对我们。

If you are part of this people, fall into line.

如果你是这个民族的一员，那就排队吧。

Let's move on, and let's build up the kingdom of God, and never forget that all we have is each other.

让我们继续前进，建立神的国度，永远不要忘记我们所拥有的只是彼此。

We undermine each other's faith, we destroy ourselves.

我们破坏了彼此的信仰，我们也摧毁了自己。

We've got to stick together.

我们必须团结在一起。

There is the highway or there's our way.

那里有高速公路，或者那里就是我们的路。

Leave if you are not going to adhere to the rules."

如果你不遵守规则就离开。”

In 1950, when Juanita Brooks published the first full account of Mormon complicity in the Mountain Meadows massacre, she and her husband were shunned by members of their church.

1950 年，当胡安妮塔·布鲁克斯 (Juanita Brooks) 发表了第一份关于摩门教徒在 Mountain Meadows 大屠杀中共谋的完整记述时，她和她的丈夫遭到了教会成员的回避。

As official church historian, Leonard Arrington began opening church archives in 1972 and promoted a " New Mormon History" that was complex and objective.

作为官方教会历史学家，伦纳德·阿灵顿 (Leonard Arrington) 于 1972 年开始开放教会档案，并推广了复杂而客观的“新摩门教历史”。

But after a decade of intellectual freedom, the church transferred Arrington's entire division from his control.

但在经历了十年的知识自由之后，教会将阿灵顿的整个部门从他的控制下转移了出来。

GAIL HOUSTON, Women's Studies Professor: When I was at BYU, Boyd K.

盖尔·休斯顿，女性研究教授：当我在杨百翰大学时，Boyd K.

Packer had given this speech, and I believe it was meant only for the insiders in the church office building, but it got out, as a lot of things do get leaked in Utah, especially in Salt Lake and Provo, where he basically said one of the greatest dangers to the church were gays, feminists and intellectuals.

帕克发表了这篇演讲，我相信这只是针对教会办公楼内部人士的，但它却被泄露了，因为在犹他州，尤其是在盐湖城和普罗沃，很多事情确实被泄露了，他基本上说，教会面临的最大危险之一是同性恋者、女权主义者和知识分子。

And there was a large group of us who fit many of those categories.

我们中有一大群人符合其中许多类别。

It was like a slap in the face.

这就像一记耳光打在脸上。

It was like, "We don't want you."

就像是，“我们不需要你。”

BOYD K.

博伊德·K.

PACKER, LDS Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: I suppose- I think I remember saying those things.

PACKER，摩门教十二使徒定额组：我想——我想我记得说过这些话。

[laughs] If it's in print, I said it.

[笑]如果它被印刷出来，我就说了。

And- but that's part of the alert- alerting, and it's very simple.

但这是警报的一部分，警报，而且非常简单。

Down some of those paths, you have a right to go there, and within the church, you don't have a right to teach and take others there and without having some discipline, simply because down the road, there's unhappiness.

沿着其中一些道路，你有权去那里，而在教会内部，你没有权利在没有一些纪律的情况下教导和带领其他人去那里，仅仅因为在这条路上，会有不快乐。

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: Within the church, we're not afraid of intellectuals or of learning or of knowledge.

詹森，摩门教教会历史学家：在教会内，我们并不害怕知识分子、学习或知识。

Where an intellectual, I think, can get into difficulty is when that intellectual person takes a position and begins either to attack the general leaders or local leaders of the church or begins to attack the basic doctrine of the church, and does that publicly.

我认为，知识分子可能会陷入困境的地方是，当知识分子采取立场并开始攻击教会的总领袖或地方领袖或开始攻击教会的基本教义时，并且公开这样做。

MICHAEL COE, Archaeologist: According to a lot of Mormon archeologists, their job is to find that this is a true story, that all these things actually existed in this place that is described in the Book of Mormon, which in this case, would have to be in Guatemala and the neighboring Mexican state of Chiapas.

迈克尔·科，考古学家：根据许多摩门教考古学家的说法，他们的工作是发现这是一个真实的故事，所有这些东西实际上都存在于《摩门经》中描述的这个地方，在这种情况下，这个地方必须在危地马拉和邻近的墨西哥恰帕斯州。

And this is what they've been after for 50 years.

这就是他们50年来所追求的。

They've excavated all kinds of sites, and unfortunately, they've never found anything that would back it up.

他们挖掘了各种各样的遗址，但不幸的是，他们从未找到任何可以支持这一点的东西。

But Mormonism is not the only religion that faces this problem of what's actually in the ground or in the documents.

但摩门教并不是唯一面临地下或文献中实际情况问题的宗教。

The exodus, of course, in the Old Testament of the Bible is the best example of this for which there's just absolutely no archeological justification whatsoever.

当然，《圣经旧约》中的出埃及记就是最好的例子，但绝对没有任何考古学依据。

There's never been found any hard evidence that the exodus took place.

从来没有发现任何确凿的证据证明这次出逃发生过。

GRANT PALMER, Author: My book challenges some of the core foundational claims of the church, the historicity of the Book of Mormon.

作者格兰特·帕尔默：我的书挑战了教会的一些核心基本主张，即《摩尔门经》的历史真实性。

Is it really an ancient record of an ancient people, like the story that Joseph told?

这真的是一个古代民族的古老记录，就像约瑟夫讲述的故事一样吗？

When I look at the Book of Mormon, I really don't see an ancient text.

当我看《摩尔门经》时，我确实没有看到任何古老的文本。

We see a large chunk of the King James Bible, in this book that's reportedly to be ancient record of a people that lived 2,500 years ago in ancient America.

我们在这本书中看到了《英皇钦定本圣经》的很大一部分内容，据说这是 2,500 年前生活在古代美洲的一个民族的古老记录。

We see an enormous amount of evangelical camp meeting fervor.

我们看到了福音派帐棚大会的巨大热情。

The 11 main preachers in the Book of Mormon sound to me like Methodist stump speakers of that era.

在我看来，《摩尔门经》中的 11 位主要传教士就像那个时代的卫理公会树桩演讲者。

What you find is all of the issues that were being discussed and debated among Joseph Smith's family and friends in his own day.

您会发现约瑟夫·史密斯的家人和朋友在他那个时代正在讨论和辩论的所有问题。

It's a 19th century record, is what it is.

这是 19 世纪的记录，就是这样。

It's not an ancient record.

这不是一个古老的记录。

JON BUTLER, Historian: Mormonism is a movement that celebrates its history, and yet it seems to be quite afraid of its history, oftentimes afraid of real historical investigation.

乔恩·巴特勒，历史学家：摩门教是一场庆祝其历史的运动，但它似乎非常害怕自己的历史，常常害怕真正的历史调查。

What did Joseph Smith think about the practice of magic?

约瑟夫·史密斯对魔法的实践有何看法？

To what extent did Joseph Smith really practice money digging?

约瑟·史密斯在多大程度上真正练习挖钱？

To what extent did he forge documents?

他伪造文件到了什么程度？

To what extent did he engage in illicit sexual behavior?

他的非法性行为达到什么程度？

All of those are questions that aren't particularly unusual in the formation of most any kind of religious system.

所有这些问题在大多数宗教体系的形成中都并不少见。

They were imperfect human beings who engaged in imperfect behavior.

他们是不完美的人，有着不完美的行为。

Some Mormons have trouble accepting that.

一些摩门教徒很难接受这一点。

We want a kind of sanitized Mormon history.

我们想要一种经过净化的摩门教历史。

You have to imagine when you go into a church disciplinary court that you go in by yourself.

你必须想象一下，当你进入教会纪律法庭时，你是自己进去的。

You are not allowed to bring anybody with you.

您不得携带任何人同行。

So I'm in there.

所以我就在里面。

There are 16 men that I am facing.

我面对的有 16 个男人。

The stake president is presenting the case against me, and he did it in almost courtroom-like fashion.

支联会会长正在对我提起诉讼，他以几乎法庭般的方式进行。

He had a set of notes, and he had his reasons why I should be excommunicated.

他有一套笔记，他有他的理由为什么我应该被逐出教会。

He also had a stack of copies of everything that I had written, and it was kind of like there's a stack.

他还有一叠我写过的所有东西的副本，有点像有一叠。

When the stake president was talking about all I had written about women in the priesthood was really wrong, and I tried to come in to defend myself doctrinally by quoting Joseph Smith and by using argument and reason, in the middle of a sentence, the stake president interrupted me and he said, "We will not allow you to lecture us.

当支联会会长谈到我所写的关于神职人员中的女性的所有内容都是错误的，我试图通过引用约瑟·史密斯并使用论证和推理来在教义上为自己辩护，在一句话的中间，支联会会长打断了我，他说：“我们不会允许你对我们说教。

We will not allow you to use this kind of reasoning again.

我们不会允许你再用这种推理。

You are only allowed to speak as we give you permission."

只有在我们允许的情况下你才可以发言。”

And of course, I mean, I just kind of stopped mid-sentence.

当然，我的意思是，我刚刚说到一半就停了下来。

I couldn't go on.

我无法继续下去。

But you can imagine that this was- I mean, you don't really feel like you have much of a defense.

但你可以想象这是——我的意思是，你真的不觉得自己有多少防御能力。

Then they asked me to go out, and they deliberated for about 20 minutes, and then brought me back in.

然后他们让我出去，商量了大概20分钟，然后又把我带了进来。

And the first thing that the president said to me is, "I want you to know that the high counsel was very impressed with you.

总统对我说的第一句话是：“我想让你知道，高级法律顾问对你印象非常深刻。

However, you are excommunicated.

然而，你被逐出教会了。

We have found you to be an apostate." [laughs]

我们发现你是一个叛教者。” [笑]

And everybody got up, and they all wanted to shake my hand.

每个人都站了起来，他们都想和我握手。

They're cutting me off from eternal salvation and telling me that I am this apostate, which really is considered very bad in Mormon culture, and yet I'm this nice woman that they're going to shake my hand.

他们切断了我与永恒救赎的联系，并告诉我，我是一个叛教者，这在摩门教文化中确实被认为是非常糟糕的，但我是一个好女人，他们要和我握手。

And this- that niceness- there's something- there's something vicious about niceness that struck me in this, that the niceness covered over the violence of what was being done because, in fact, excommunication is a violent action.

这——那种善良——有一些东西——善良中有一些邪恶的东西让我震惊，这种善良掩盖了正在做的事情的暴力，因为事实上，逐出教会是一种暴力行为。

[www.pbs.org: Read the extended interview]

[www.pbs.org：阅读扩展采访]

RICHARD OSTLING, Co-Author, Mormon America: All religious groups try to control their message.

理查德·奥斯特林（Richard Ostling），《摩门教美国》合著者：所有宗教团体都试图控制他们的信息。

And once in a while, you'll have a heresy trial in this group or that group.

偶尔，你会在这个团体或那个团体中进行异端审判。

Mormonism is unique in the amount of activity that goes on and also the extent to which the general membership is monitored.

摩门教的独特之处在于活动的数量以及一般成员受到监控的程度。

Apparently, there are files in Salt Lake City on anybody who has raised embarrassing questions or might be a troublemaker.

显然，盐湖城有关于任何提出尴尬问题或可能制造麻烦的人的档案。

What you have is a church that seeks to control its message down into the membership, to strengthen the church and to make sure that its message is clear and consistent and that dissent is limited to the greatest extent possible.

你所拥有的是一个教会，它试图将其信息控制到会员中，以加强教会并确保其信息清晰一致，并最大程度地限制异议。

But there are very few Mormon ghost towns.

但摩门教鬼城却很少。

They didn't go out as isolated individuals to make a fortune.

他们并不是作为孤立的个人出去发财。

Brigham Young sent them out in groups, as tribes of families, to build communities that would last.

杨百翰派他们以家庭部落的形式成群结队地出去，建立持久的社区。

While the years of persecution set the Mormons apart, it also drove them inward.

虽然多年的迫害使摩门教徒与众不同，但也迫使他们变​​得封闭。

The family became their refuge and their source of strength.

家庭成为他们的避难所和力量的源泉。

The Mormons' preoccupation with the family traces all the way back to the church's origins, to the theological passions of Joseph Smith.

摩门教徒对家庭的关注可以追溯到教会的起源，以及约瑟夫·史密斯的神学热情。

RICHARD BUSHMAN, Biographer of Joseph Smith: One of Joseph Smith's most interesting ideas is sealing.

理查德·布什曼，约瑟夫·史密斯的传记作者：约瑟夫·史密斯最有趣的想法之一就是密封。

He became deeply preoccupied with sealing families together, husbands to wives, parents to children, one generation to the previous generation.

他全神贯注于将家庭密封在一起，从丈夫到妻子，从父母到孩子，从一代到上一代。

And you say, "Why was he so preoccupied with sealing?" You look at the world around him, and he lived in a time when families are being dispersed, when they're being broken, when children go off to the gold rush in the West and are never heard from or seen again.

你会说：“为什么他如此专注于密封？”你看看他周围的世界，你会发现他生活在一个家庭离散、支离破碎的时代，孩子们前往西方淘金热，却从此杳无音信，也不见踪影。

Every time a family moves west, they're saying a goodbye.

每次一家人搬到西部时，他们都会告别。

This is a time of constant departure and farewell.

这是一个不断离开和告别的时刻。

And to try to hold that family together through sealing, in a way is a solution to the problem of his time.

尝试通过封印将这个家庭团结在一起，在某种程度上是他那个时代问题的解决方案。

SARAH BARRINGER GORDON, Historian: Once polygamy no longer became possible, the big question was, is the nuclear family still celestial in the ways that polygamist families had been?

莎拉·巴林格·戈登，历史学家：一旦一夫多妻制不再成为可能，最大的问题是，核心家庭是否仍然像一夫多妻制家庭那样神圣？

And the answer very quickly became yes, and the nuclear family inherited both that-super heated quality and that supportive quality that had gone into that investment in polygamy.

答案很快就变成了肯定，核心家庭继承了对一夫多妻制投资的超级热情品质和支持品质。

It's through and in and by and with the family that Mormons are saved, and it's how they think primarily of their relationship both to the afterlife and to the church as a whole.

摩门教徒是通过家庭、在家庭中、通过家庭、与家庭一起得救的，这也是他们主要思考自己与来世以及与整个教会的关系的方式。

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: The marriage that takes place in the temple, where a man and a woman are joined together, or as we term it, sealed together, not just for time or until death does us part, but for time and all eternity, is to me the high point, really, in religious experience and in religious ceremony.

詹森，摩门教教会历史学家：在圣殿中举行的婚姻，一男一女结合在一起，或者用我们的话说，密封在一起，不仅仅是为了时间或直到死亡将我们分开，而是为了时间和永恒，对我来说，这确实是宗教体验和宗教仪式的最高点。

KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK, Business Consultant: You don't get married by a justice of the peace or till death do you part.

金伯·蒂勒曼-迪克（KIMBER TILLEMANN-DICK），商业顾问：你们不会因为太平绅士而结婚，也不会直到死亡才将你们分开。

You get married for time and all eternity.

你们结婚是为了暂时和永恒。

I'm engaged, and it's something that I've been contemplating a lot lately.

我订婚了，这是我最近一直在思考的事情。

I love this guy.

我爱这个人。

Am I really ready to spend eternity with him?

我真的准备好和他共度永恒了吗？

He is going to be, like, attached to my hip, not until I die but forever.

他会，就像，附着在我的臀部上，不是直到我死，而是永远。

And that is a really important question.

这是一个非常重要的问题。

It makes you approach marriage in a different way.

它让你以不同的方式对待婚姻。

We look at the family as a really eternal unit and you're making eternal commitments, and so you better have eternal priorities.

我们将家庭视为一个真正永恒的单位，你做出永恒的承诺，所以你最好有永恒的优先事项。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: There probably isn't a religion today that doesn't claim to be family-centered, and with good reason.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），作者：今天可能没有一种宗教不声称以家庭为中心，而且有充分的理由。

Most religions are committed to the value of the family.

大多数宗教都致力于家庭的价值。

And still, there's something different about the place of the family in Mormon culture.

尽管如此，家庭在摩门教文化中的地位仍然有所不同。

And I think it has to do with the way the family is understood in Mormonism, not as an entity of social organization but as an organization that has its roots in the pre-mortal world and will persist into the eternal World.

我认为这与摩门教对家庭的理解方式有关，家庭不是社会组织的实体，而是扎根于前世并将持续到永恒世界的组织。

The church and my family are so intertwined, and I just can't begin to imagine trying to bifurcate those.

教会和我的家庭是如此紧密地交织在一起，我无法想象试图将它们分开。

And when you come into a home that has priesthood leadership and that has people living together focused on the same eternal goals, it just creates a kind of aura of love and peace.

当你进入一个有圣职领导的家庭，并且人们生活在一起专注于相同的永恒目标时，它只会创造出一种爱与和平的光环。

It makes your home a holy place.

它使您的家成为一个神圣的地方。

JON BUTLER, Historian: It's the Mormon fixation on the family as a coherent unit that's so important.

乔恩·巴特勒（JON BUTLER），历史学家：摩门教徒将家庭视为一个团结的单位，这一点非常重要。

In many other religious systems, what is important is the belief of the individual, the belief of the child, the belief of the parent, the parent's belief transferred to the child, but the child still remains independent, an independent unit.

在许多其他宗教体系中，重要的是个人的信仰，孩子的信仰，父母的信仰，父母的信仰转移到孩子身上，但孩子仍然保持独立，一个独立的单位。

Within Mormonism, there is an emphasis on the collective, the collective sense of the family, the collective sense of moral responsibility, the collective sense of an enterprise.

在摩门教内部，强调集体、家庭的集体意识、道德责任的集体意识、企业的集体意识。

ELBERT PECK, Editor: Growing up Mormon was like growing up in a little ghetto village where everyone knew you and you knew everyone.

埃尔伯特·佩克（ELBERT PECK），编辑：在摩门教长大就像在一个贫民窟小村庄里长大，那里每个人都认识你，你也认识每个人。

Your entire life was woven into the lives of everyone else in your congregation.

你的整个生活融入了会众中其他人的生活。

Your social activities- you have ward banquets and ward parties and ward camp-outs and ward dances.

您的社交活动 - 您有病房宴会、病房派对、病房露营和病房舞会。

And all the adults were involved in that, too, because they were driving us as kids here and there and there.

所有的成年人也都参与其中，因为他们带着我们小时候到处都是。

And so you got to know everyone and everyone knew you, and it was a great experience.

所以你认识了每个人，每个人都认识你，这是一次很棒的经历。

TREVOR SOUTHEY, Artist: When I first moved to Alpine, population of 2,000, virtually everybody in that town was Mormon.

TREVOR SOUTHEY，艺术家：当我第一次搬到人口 2,000 人的阿尔卑斯山时，那个小镇上几乎每个人都是摩门教徒。

And we'd go down to the welfare farm.

我们会去福利农场。

We'd all go down there - butcher, baker, candlestick maker - and we'd pick beans.

我们都会去那里——屠夫、面包师、烛台制造者——然后我们会摘豆子。

We'd hoe beets.

我们锄甜菜。

And they'd have canneries and people would can the beans that we were picking and the beets we were hoeing, and so on.

他们有罐头厂，人们会罐头我们采摘的豆子和我们锄地的甜菜，等等。

A brilliantly inspired program, and you're doing it all together.

这是一个充满灵感的计划，而你们正在一起完成这一切。

The sense of community is absolutely amazing.

社区意识绝对是惊人的。

That's one of the explanations, I think, for this uniquely cohesive bond that characterizes Mormon wards.

我认为，这就是摩门教选区这种独特的凝聚力的解释之一。

Since there's no professional clergy, nobody gets paid and the service that is rendered is all voluntary.

由于没有专业的神职人员，所以没有人获得报酬，并且提供的服务都是自愿的。

You can find yourself working hours that are comparable to a second job.

您会发现自己的工作时间与第二份工作相当。

FIONA GIVENS, Teacher: Mormon women are plagued with this perfect woman figure.

费奥娜·吉文斯（FIONA GIVENS）老师：摩门教女性都被这种完美的女性身材所困扰。

She bakes cookies and she bakes bread, and she always looks wonderful and she's never overweight and she's always smiling and- yes, totally impossible woman.

她烤饼干，烤面包，她看起来总是很棒，她从不超重，她总是微笑着——是的，完全不可能的女人。

MARGARET TOSCANO, Classics Professor: In Mormonism, you're told that your very eternal salvation and the eternal salvation of your children is the thing that if you somehow make a false move- you know, am I going to mess up my kid forever because I worked that job?

玛格丽特·托斯卡诺，古典学教授：在摩门教中，你被告知，你的永恒救赎和你孩子的永恒救赎就是如果你以某种方式做出错误的举动 - 你知道，我会因为我做那份工作而永远搞砸我的孩子吗？

Not just in this life, and you know, they may take drugs or something, but will they lose their eternal salvation?

不只是在今生，你知道，他们可能会吸毒什么的，但他们会失去永恒的救赎吗？

That is a horrible burden that you- that you face.

这是你所面临的一个可怕的负担。

KEN VERDOIA, Journalist: It's incredible pressure on a woman.

KEN VERDOIA，记者：这对女性来说是难以置信的压力。

And yes, there is a strong use of antidepressants in Utah, higher levels than exist in other states.

是的，犹他州大量使用抗抑郁药物，其水平高于其他州。

You cannot attribute it exclusively to one set of social circumstances, but there are great expectations on a woman.

你不能仅仅将其归因于一组社会环境，但人们对女性抱有很大的期望。

ANNE OSBORNE POELMAN, M.D., Neuroradiologist: As a woman in the Mormon church, I feel very comfortable.

安妮·奥斯本·波尔曼（ANNE OSBORNE POELMAN），医学博士，神经放射科医生：作为摩门教的一名女性，我感到非常舒服。

I don't feel denied any opportunity to serve and to do good for people in the church and in the ward and in our neighborhood, and so on.

我不觉得自己被剥夺了为教会、支会和社区等地方的人们服务和行善的任何机会。

In service, do I feel limited?

在服务中，我是否感到受到限制？

The answer is no.

答案是否定的。

JAMES CLAYTON, Political Science Professor: The Equal Rights Amendment was threatening because it changed the role of women from a nurturing helpmate to a man, from a nurturing housewife staying at home, taking care of the children, to someone who could now make those decisions for herself.

詹姆斯·克莱顿，政治学教授：《平等权利修正案》具有威胁性，因为它改变了女性的角色，从养育的助手变成了男人，从一个在家照顾孩子的养育家庭主妇，变成了现在可以自己做决定的人。

If women now started to compete with men for professional positions, for becoming breadwinners, earning more perhaps than their spouses, this threatened men, as well as women.

如果女性现在开始与男性竞争职业职位，成为养家糊口的人，收入可能超过她们的配偶，这就会威胁到男性和女性。

The ERA is not just about women.

ERA 不仅仅与女性有关。

The ERA was about families, changing the role of men, women, and indeed, children.

ERA 是关于家庭的，它改变了男人、女人，甚至儿童的角色。

[www.pbs.org: More on women and the church]

[www.pbs.org：更多关于妇女和教会的信息]

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: What about the people who marry, and for whatever reason, don't have children?

JENSEN，摩门教教会历史学家：那些结婚但出于某种原因没有孩子的人怎么办？

Or the young woman who grows old without marrying?

还是那个不嫁就老了的少妇？

Or the divorced person?

还是离婚的人？

I mean, we- I think we can be quite hard, in a sense, unwittingly, but nevertheless hard on those people in our culture because we have cultural expectations, cultural ideals.

我的意思是，我认为，从某种意义上说，我们可能在不知不觉中对我们文化中的人们非常严厉，因为我们有文化期望、文化理想。

And if you measure up to them, it's a wonderful life.

如果你能达到他们的标准，这就是美好的生活。

If you don't, it can be very difficult.

如果你不这样做，这可能会非常困难。

TREVOR SOUTHEY, Artist: Being gay in that culture is beyond hell because the family is the center of Mormonism.

TREVOR SOUTHEY，艺术家：在那种文化中同性恋是超越地狱的，因为家庭是摩门教的中心。

It is the sacred, potent unit, and you don't even really want to make a family, if you choose to follow your instincts.

它是神圣而强大的单位，如果你选择跟随自己的直觉，你甚至不想组建一个家庭。

That's why when I went to the counselor, I wanted to be cured so badly.

这就是为什么当我去看心理咨询师时，我非常希望得到治愈。

I fasted and I prayed and I went through this whole thing.

我禁食、祈祷，经历了这一切。

And I remember dating girls and then- and nothing worked.

我记得和女孩约会，然后——但没有任何效果。

And I just decided, "This year, I'm going to do it," and that's how I ended up marrying within two-and-a-half months of meeting my poor, unfortunate wife.

我只是决定，“今年，我要这么做”，这就是我在遇到我可怜的不幸的妻子后两个半月内结婚的原因。

We were determined to make it work.

我们决心让它发挥作用。

We bought this paradisical place in Alpine in Utah.

我们在犹他州阿尔卑斯山购买了这个天堂般的地方。

I mean, I had everything I wanted- the stream running through this place, great big cottonwood trees, an old log cabin with a big cobblestone room attached to it.

我的意思是，我拥有了我想要的一切——流经这个地方的小溪、巨大的三叶杨树、一座古老的小木屋，旁边还有一个大鹅卵石房间。

And we built and built and built and turned this little place into a paradise.

我们建造、建造、建造，把这个小地方变成了天堂。

And gradually, these children come on the scene, and it's heaven for them, an acre and a third to run wild on.

渐渐地，这些孩子们出现了，这对他们来说就是天堂，一英亩又三分之一的土地可以尽情奔跑。

And gradually, gradually, I realized that I had paradise, but I was an arid desert in my heart.

渐渐地，渐渐地，我发现自己拥有天堂，心里却是一片干旱的沙漠。

I'd wake up every day of my life thinking- and this phrase would just run through my head- "and shot himself through the head." It made no sense, but it made every sense.

我每天醒来都会想——这句话就在我脑海中闪过——“然后朝自己的脑袋开枪。”这没有任何意义，但又很有道理。

And there was no running away from it.

而且没有人可以逃避它。

I was committing a kind of spiritual suicide.

我正在犯一种精神自杀。

But the moment the infidelity occurred, that was it.

但当不忠发生的那一刻，一切就结束了。

The marriage was over, and the excommunication process started.

婚姻结束了，逐出教会的程序开始了。

And so there I was on- I'll never forget standing on the grass by the stream when she told me that she had gone to the bishop, that it was- you know, there was no future there, that everything I wanted just was sort of- I was standing on this stage, in effect, that I had created, that it wasn't an act, it wasn't a play that was built for me.

于是我就在那里——我永远不会忘记，当她告诉我她已经去找主教时，我站在溪边的草地上，那是——你知道，那里没有未来，我想要的一切只是——我站在这个舞台上，实际上，这是我创造的，这不是一场表演，这不是为我而设的戏剧。

I have no bitterness toward the church, which surprises me.

我对教会没有怨恨，这让我感到惊讶。

I loved it dearly, and I still love it.

我非常喜欢它，而且仍然喜欢它。

I love Mormon people.

我爱摩门教徒。

I love the notions of Mormonism, of teaching that you are an eternal soul, you came from the heavenly father, and you're here because our family was meant for you.

我喜欢摩门教的观念，它教导你是永恒的灵魂，你来自天父，你在这里是因为我们的家庭是为你而生的。

That kind of makes me terribly sad at times that I can't be in that place.

有时我会因为不能去那个地方而感到非常悲伤。

CHARITY TILLEMANN-DICK, Opera Singer: I found out about my condition in my final steps to going to mission.

查丽蒂·蒂勒曼-迪克（CHARITY TILLEMANN-DICK），歌剧歌手：我在前往传教的最后一步中发现了自己的病情。

I went to the doctors and they did the EKG, and the nurse's eyes popped.

我去看了医生，他们做了心电图，护士的眼睛睁得大大的。

They popped.

他们突然爆发了。

I wasn't wearing my contacts and I could still tell they popped.

我没有戴隐形眼镜，但我仍然可以看出它们弹出了。

And they came back and they told me that I had this condition, primary pulmonary hypertension.

他们回来后告诉我，我患有原发性肺动脉高压。

And I remember going home and looking it up on the Internet, and the first thing I found talked about a two to five-year mortality rate for people who had this condition, period, that, you know, you lived for two to five years with this condition and then you died.

我记得回家后在互联网上查找，我发现的第一件事是关于患有这种病症的人两到五年的死亡率，期间，你知道，你患有这种病症，你活了两到五年，然后你就死了。

I remember I just started sobbing.

我记得我刚刚开始抽泣。

I was crying and crying.

我哭了又哭。

I know that whether it's in 10 years or 10,000 years, that there isn't the hope, there's the knowledge that not only will I see God my father again, but I will see and be with my sisters again, and with my mother again and my father again.

我知道，无论是十年后还是一万年后，我都没有希望，但我知道我不仅会再次见到上帝我的父亲，而且我会再次见到并与我的姐妹们在一起，再次与我的母亲和父亲在一起。

In the end, we will be together with our families.

最终，我们会和家人团聚。

And to know that we would be together was such a comfort, was such a comfort, the knowledge that this really is going to happen, that this isn't just something that we've been taught in Sunday school, that this isn't just something that we've been told, that this is something real, that we will go home and I will see my mother and my father, and I will see Glorianna and Senneth and Mercina and Shiloh, that I'll see Liberty and Corbin and Kimber and Levi and Dulcia and Tomikah, that I will be home.

知道我们会在一起真是一种安慰，真是一种安慰，知道这真的会发生，知道这不仅仅是我们在主日学校教的东西，这不仅仅是我们被告知的东西，这是真实的东西，我们会回家，我会看到我的母亲和父亲，我会看到格洛丽安娜和塞尼思，麦西纳和示洛，我会看到自由和科尔宾，金伯和利维，杜尔西亚和托米卡，我会回家的。

RICHARD BUSHMAN, Biographer of Joseph Smith: It is sacred space.

理查德·布什曼，约瑟夫·史密斯的传记作者：这是神圣的空间。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: The temple exists as a kind of microcosm of that heavenly world that we hope to inhabit.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），作者：神庙的存在是我们希望居住的天堂世界的缩影。

MARLIN K.

马林·K.

JENSEN, LDS Church Historian: What really is almost the universal symbol throughout the history of mankind, the worship of God in the temple, is something now that is almost lost, except to this church.

詹森，摩门教教会历史学家：在圣殿中敬拜上帝，这几乎是人类历史上几乎普遍的象征，但现在几乎已经消失了，除了这座教堂。

And one of the- really, one of the priceless things that Joseph Smith restored or brought back to earth was a knowledge of what a temple was and what should occur in a temple.

约瑟夫·史密斯恢复或带回地球的无价之宝之一就是了解圣殿是什么以及圣殿中应该发生什么。

In the 19th century, the Mormons built temples in Ohio, Illinois and Utah.

19世纪，摩门教徒在俄亥俄州、伊利诺伊州和犹他州建造了寺庙。

By the middle of the 20th century, temples crossed America from Los Angeles to New York.

到了 20 世纪中叶，寺庙遍布美国，从洛杉矶到纽约。

Today, well over a hundred dot the world, from Russia and Japan to Ghana and Chile.

如今，从俄罗斯、日本到加纳和智利，全球已有一百多个国家和地区。

Outsiders are not allowed in the Temple except during the few weeks before it is dedicated.

除奉献圣殿前的几周外，外人不得进入圣殿。

And Mormons who enter are not allowed to speak of much of what happens here.

进入的摩门教徒不被允许谈论这里发生的大部分事情。

JUDITH FREEMAN, Author: And I remember that at that time, there were certain things- part of the rituals in the temple is that you made the sign of disemboweling yourself and then also slitting your throat.

朱迪思·弗里曼，作者：我记得当时有一些事情——寺庙仪式的一部分是你做出开膛破肚的手势，然后割断喉咙。

And you made this in conjunction with the promise that you made that you would never reveal what goes on in the temple.

你做出这件事的同时，也做出了你永远不会透露圣殿里发生的事情的承诺。

You would never reveal any temple rituals.

你永远不会透露任何寺庙仪式。

JAMES CLAYTON, Political Science Professor: There are serious consequences for failing to qualify for a temple recommend.

詹姆斯·克莱顿（JAMES CLAYTON），政治学教授：不符合寺庙推荐资格会产生严重后果。

Among them are the fact that you can't hold a higher position in church administration.

其中之一就是你不能在教会管理中担任更高的职位。

You can't work for the church in, say, BYU or in other church-affiliated institutions.

你不能在杨百翰大学或其他教会附属机构的教会工作。

You cannot marry in the temple.

不能在寺庙里结婚。

You cannot go to the temple to see your own children married if you are not worthy to have a temple recommend.

如果您不配获得寺庙推荐，您就不能去寺庙观看自己的孩子结婚。

So it's a process of excluding people in order to refine their religious devotion.

所以这是一个排除人们以提高他们的宗教信仰的过程。

Instead, there are a series of rooms where Mormons perform ceremonies for the living and the dead that they feel are essential for salvation, rooms where Mormons are married for eternity, others where they are sealed to their children for all time.

相反，有一系列的房间供摩门教徒为生者和死者举行仪式，他们认为这些仪式对救赎至关重要，还有一些房间是摩门教徒永远结婚的房间，还有一些房间是他们永远与孩子密封的房间。

JUDITH FREEMAN, Author: The first time that I went to the temple, I think I was impressed by the beauty, the sheer beauty of those rooms and how they were painted, and trees and fruit and birds, how people dressed in all white- white shoes, socks, belts, shirts, dresses, everything all white.

朱迪思·弗里曼（JUDITH FREEMAN），作者：我第一次去寺庙时，我想我对那些房间的美丽、纯粹的美丽以及它们的粉刷方式、树木、水果和鸟类以及人们穿着全白的衣服印象深刻——白色的鞋子、袜子、腰带、衬衫、裙子，一切都是白色的。

How ethereal that is, like being in a group of angels.

那是多么的飘逸，就像置身于一群天使之中。

MARGARET TOSCANO, Classics Professor: When I first went to the LDS temple and received my endowments, all I can do is describe it as I really had a mystical experience, where the temple ritual, which is set out as the journey of Adam and Eve, that there was a way in which I connected to it on a very deep spiritual level.

玛格丽特·托斯卡诺，古典学教授：当我第一次去摩门教圣殿并接受我的恩赐时，我所能做的就是描述它，因为我确实经历了一次神秘的经历，圣殿的仪式被设定为亚当和夏娃的旅程，有一种方式让我在非常深刻的精神层面上与它联系起来。

TREVOR SOUTHEY, Artist: It was shocking to me because it was so ritualistic.

TREVOR SOUTHEY，艺术家：这让我感到震惊，因为它是如此仪式化。

And I had heard missionaries mocking Catholics with all their incense and ritual, and all of a sudden, I was in the middle of this experience, not only watching it but doing it.

我听到传教士用他们所有的香和仪式嘲笑天主教徒，突然之间，我就处于这种经历之中，不仅观看它，而且做它。

And it was really shocking to me and- but at the same time, there was a kind of- there was a sweetness to it that grabbed me, up to a point.

这真的让我震惊，但同时，有一种甜蜜在某种程度上抓住了我。

ELBERT PECK, Editor: I remember doing this as a teenager myself.

埃尔伯特·佩克（ELBERT PECK），编辑：我记得自己十几岁的时候就做过这件事。

And we would go in there, and there's a man who holds the priesthood who is baptizing you.

我们会进去，那里有一个持有圣职的人正在为你施洗。

And your turn comes up, and you go down into the font and you're baptized for a bunch of names at a time, maybe 20 names.

轮到你了，你走进圣洗池，一次接受一堆名字的洗礼，也许有 20 个名字。

And this time, he had a little computer screen, where the name of the person you were being baptized for would appear.

这一次，他有一个小电脑屏幕，上面会出现你要为其受洗的人的名字。

And he would hold you by the hand, raise his hand to the right and say, "Elbert Peck, for and on behalf of," you know, "Joseph Schwengen," or whoever, "I baptize you in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost." And then he'd immerse you in the water, and you'd come out.

他会握着你的手，举起手向右说，“埃尔伯特·佩克，为了并代表”你知道的“约瑟夫·施文根”，或者任何人，“我以圣父、圣子和圣灵的名义为你施洗。”然后他会把你浸入水中，你就会出来。

RICHARD MOUW, Evangelical Theologian: I've thought a lot about the baptism for the dead phenomenon.

RICHARD MOUW，福音派神学家：我对死者洗礼现象思考了很多。

It may be theologically tenuous, but it speaks to a genuine human need to be linked to past generations and to, in some sense, take one- take responsibility for one's ancestors.

它在神学上可能是脆弱的，但它说明了人类真正需要与过去的几代人联系起来，并且在某种意义上，对自己的祖先承担责任。

And so even though I don't advocate baptism for the dead, I don't see it as a purely flaky kind of thing.

因此，尽管我不提倡为死者进行洗礼，但我并不认为这是纯粹的小事。

ROMAN KENT, Holocaust Survivor: When I found out that Mormons are baptizing the Jews, Holocaust survivors, one word, it was shocked.

罗曼·肯特，大屠杀幸存者：当我发现摩门教徒正在为大屠杀幸存者犹太人施洗时，一句话，我感到震惊。

Second word, how can they do it?

第二句话，他们怎么能做到呢？

Third word, why do they do it?

第三个字，他们为什么这么做？

Because it was, in a way, an unbelievable experience for me to find out that somebody can baptize another person after the person died.

因为在某种程度上，我发现有人可以在另一个人死后为另一个人施洗，这对我来说是一次难以置信的经历。

I am a Jew.

我是犹太人。

I was born as a Jew.

我出生时就是犹太人。

Six million my brothers and my friends and my family were killed because they were Jews.

我的六百万兄弟、我的朋友和我的家人因为是犹太人而被杀害。

So I wanted them to be Jews.

所以我希望他们是犹太人。

I wanted them to remain Jews, and I didn't want anybody later on - 100, 200 years from now, to tell me that my parents were not Jewish because somewhere in the archives in the Mormon church, there is my father's name, my mother's name is listed as a gentile, as a Mormon person.

我希望他们仍然是犹太人，我不希望任何人以后——100年、200年后——告诉我我的父母不是犹太人，因为在摩门教档案馆的某个地方，有我父亲的名字，我母亲的名字被列为外邦人，摩门教徒。

This was to me painful.

这对我来说是痛苦的。

HAROLD BLOOM, Humanities Professor: There is literally a mountain of names in one extraordinary structure outside of Salt Lake City-and indestructible.

哈罗德·布鲁姆（Harold Bloom），人文学科教授：在盐湖城郊外的一栋非凡建筑中，确实有一座名字如山的山，而且坚不可摧。

I am told that even a direct hit by an atomic bomb, something like an asteroid collision, would have to occur to wipe it out.

有人告诉我，即使是原子弹的直接撞击，比如小行星碰撞，也必须发生才能消灭它。

COLLEEN McDANNELL, Religious History Professor: Genealogy is a core ritual in Mormonism.

科琳·麦克丹内尔（COLLEEN McDANNELL），宗教史教授：家谱是摩门教的核心仪式。

As the living Mormon, you're the center of this great exchange.

作为活着的摩门教徒，您是这次伟大交流的中心。

You are a part of creating this vast network of interconnection of people who've lived in the past and in the future.

您是创建这个巨大的互连网络的一部分，该网络由生活在过去和未来的人们组成。

And so genealogy is something which Mormons feel very connected to.

因此，家谱是摩门教徒认为与之密切相关的东西。

[www.pbs.org: Genealogy and the Mormon archives]

[www.pbs.org：家谱和摩门教档案]

JAMES DALRYMPLE, Sr., Filmmaker: We had seven children, and most people would think that they were complete or well beyond complete.

老詹姆斯·达林普尔（JAMES DALRYMPLE），电影制片人：我们有七个孩子，大多数人会认为他们已经完整或远远超出了完整。

We struggle with that.

我们为此苦苦挣扎。

Marla struggled with it a lot because she had this sense of someone missing.

玛拉对此很挣扎，因为她有一种失踪的感觉。

There is another child there, another spirit waiting to come to earth, to mortality.

那里还有另一个孩子，另一个灵魂等待着来到地球，走向死亡。

There's another child there that is part of our family.

那里还有一个孩子，他是我们家的一员。

We prayed about it.

我们为此祈祷。

We spent time on our knees together, asking God is this something that God wants us to do, and is there really another spirit child there for us?

我们一起跪下，问上帝这是上帝要我们做的事情吗？真的有另一个灵体孩子在等着我们吗？

I believe that we lived before we came to the earth, that we lived before this life as spirit children of our heavenly father.

我相信我们在来到地球之前就生活过，在今生之前我们就作为天父的灵体孩子而生活过。

And somehow, in that pre-existence, our family that we have developed here- we were connected there, as well, and we're not yet complete.

不知何故，在前世，我们在这里发展起来的家庭——我们在那里也有联系，但我们还没有完整。

And so we decided to have another child.

所以我们决定再要一个孩子。

And it wasn't an easy decision.

这不是一个容易的决定。

My wife was 42, and just being 42 and having had seven children already makes you a high risk case, and having gestational diabetes adds to that.

我的妻子 42 岁，仅仅 42 岁并且已经生了 7 个孩子就已经使你成为高风险病例，而患有妊娠糖尿病则更增加了这一风险。

And so there were a number of risks, and so it wasn't a decision that we made lightly.

因此存在很多风险，所以这不是我们轻易做出的决定。

And the baby was born, a little boy, named him David William.

孩子出生了，是一个小男孩，给他起名叫大卫·威廉。

It was extremely difficult for her.

这对她来说是极其困难的。

She really had to give everything that she had to bring that baby into the world.

为了把这个孩子带到这个世界上，她真的必须付出一切。

Following the delivery, she had a blood clot which had gone to her heart and lungs, and they told me there was nothing they could do, that there was no brain function, that she had passed away.

分娩后，她出现了血栓，已经进入了她的心脏和肺部，他们告诉我他们无能为力，大脑没有功能，她已经去世了。

I was totally unprepared for that.

我对此完全没有准备。

I'm hurt.

我受伤了。

I'm wounded.

我受伤了。

Someone has just torn at my heart.

有人刚刚撕裂了我的心。

I still miss her horribly.

我仍然非常想念她。

If I knew that- I guess if I had to be honest, and say, "Knowing what I know now, would I do it again?" There are days when I would say no, I wouldn't.

如果我知道这一点——我想如果我必须诚实地说，“知道我现在所知道的，我会再做一次吗？”有时候我会说不，我不会。

I wouldn't do it again because it came with a terrible price.

我不会再这样做了，因为它的代价非常惨重。

But I believe firmly that I will see my wife again and that we will be together again, that our family will be reunited again, and that this is not the end and we'll hold each other and we'll cry and we'll laugh and it will be very much like it is, now except better.

但我坚信，我会再次见到我的妻子，我们会再次团聚，我们的家人会再次团聚，这不是结束，我们会互相拥抱，我们会哭，我们会笑，一切都会像现在一样，只是更好。

I don't know how others who stand on the brink of eternity and face death- how they could deal with that without an overwhelming despairing sense of loss.

我不知道其他站在永恒边缘并面临死亡的人如何处理这件事而不感到压倒性的绝望失落感。

It brings me tremendous comfort to know that I have made covenants and promises in the temple with my wife that continue on.

知道我在圣殿里与我的妻子立下的圣约和承诺将持续下去，这给我带来了极大的安慰。

TERRYL GIVENS, Author: The temple exists as a kind of vehicle through which we conquer mortality.

特里尔·吉文斯（TERRYL GIVENS），作者：神庙的存在是一种我们战胜死亡的工具。

We go to the temple, and our relationships with other human beings are rendered permanent and eternal in defiance of death.

我们去寺庙，我们与其他人的关系变得永久和永恒，不受死亡的影响。

There are scriptures in the Book of Mormon, there are quotations from Brigham Young that emphasize not a single atom or particle of our bodies will be lost, but everything will be reconstituted as fully as it was.

《摩尔门经》中有经文，有杨百翰的引言，强调我们身体的任何一个原子或粒子都不会消失，而是一切都会像以前一样完全重建。

It's almost a kind of celebration of the totality of triumph over death.

这几乎是对完全战胜死亡的庆祝。

Not only will something remain, but everything will be reconstituted as it was.

不仅有些东西会保留下来，而且一切都会恢复原样。

Of all religions that I know, the one that most vehemently and persuasively defies and denies the reality of death is the original Mormonism of the prophet, seer and revelator Joseph Smith.

在我所知道的所有宗教中，最强烈、最有说服力地反抗和否认死亡现实的宗教是先知、先见和启示者约瑟夫·史密斯的原始摩门教。

JON BUTLER, Historian: Mormonism is extraordinarily successful.

乔恩·巴特勒，历史学家：摩门教非常成功。

Mormons have huge numbers of worldwide converts, as well as millions of Americans who follow the movement.

摩门教徒在世界范围内拥有大量皈依者，以及数以百万计的美国人追随该运动。

And yet there's still an odd limiting factor about modern Mormonism, that somehow, it's a religion that isn't respected.

然而，现代摩门教仍然存在一个奇怪的限制因素，那就是，它是一种不受尊重的宗教。

The peculiarity of Mormonism is that, on the one hand, it's a profoundly historical religion for which evidence is sorely lacking, and yet that has never prevented Mormons from believing deeply in their religion.

摩门教的独特之处在于，一方面，它是一种历史悠久的宗教，而且严重缺乏证据，但这从未阻止摩门教徒深信他们的宗教。

They believe in that history as a matter of faith.

他们相信那段历史是出于信仰。

And yet at the same time, they practice a modern faith that dedicates itself to the reconstruction of the individual, the reconstruction of the family, the reconstruction of the community and the reconstruction of society, so that in the end, Mormonism is part of the modern religious and political landscape, and yet it's separate.

但与此同时，他们实践着一种现代信仰，致力于个人的重建、家庭的重建、社区的重建和社会的重建，因此最终，摩门教成为现代宗教和政治景观的一部分，但又是独立的。

It's apart.

是分开的。

All religious systems have to move beyond their own creation.

所有宗教体系都必须超越其自身的创造。

The question is, can Mormonism do it?

问题是，摩门教能做到吗？

Can it survive the present?

它能活到现在吗？

Can it move into the future?

它能进入未来吗？

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of America's fastest growing religions.

耶稣基督后期圣徒教会是美国发展最快的宗教之一。

Rising from humble beginnings in the 1830s, the church now counts twelve million members worldwide.

该教会在 1830 年代起步卑微，如今在全球拥有 1200 万会员。

Mormon settlers began a westward exodus, escaping persecution, in the 1830s.

1830 年代，摩门教定居者为躲避迫害开始向西逃亡。

When they arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake, outside the boundaries of the United States, in 1847, they finally found a home.

1847 年，当他们到达美国境外的大盐湖谷时，终于找到了家。

Explore Utah's path to statehood.

探索犹他州的建州之路。

Founder of a uniquely American religion, Joseph Smith was a poor farm boy who became a charismatic prophet, much criticized polygamist, town and temple builder, and finally a martyr for the faith he had established.

约瑟夫·史密斯是一种独特的美国宗教的创始人，他是一个贫穷的农场男孩，后来成为一位有魅力的先知、饱受批评的一夫多妻制者、城镇和寺庙的建造者，最后成为他所建立的信仰的烈士。

Fiery yet full of doubt, frequently ill yet strong when it mattered most, Brigham Young took charge of the Mormons in the wake of the prophet Joseph Smith's death and finally found them a lasting home.

杨百翰脾气暴躁，但又充满疑虑，经常生病，但在最重要的时候却很坚强，在先知约瑟夫·史密斯去世后，杨百翰接管了摩门教，并最终为他们找到了一个永久的家。

From the first years of its existence, the Mormon Church sparked violent opposition from other Americans.

从成立的第一年起，摩门教就引发了其他美国人的强烈反对。

This violence claimed many lives, including Mormon prophet Joseph Smith's, and eventually led to the Mormons seeking refuge outside the boundaries of the United States.

这场暴力夺去了许多人的生命，其中包括摩门教先知约瑟夫·史密斯，并最终导致摩门教徒到美国境外寻求庇护。

Of all the Mormon doctrines, none caused as much controversy as polygamy, called plural or celestial marriage within the church.

在所有摩门教教义中，没有一个像一夫多妻制那样引起如此多的争议，一夫多妻制在教会内被称为多重婚姻或天国婚姻。

They were a people who felt called by God, chosen to create a New Jerusalem.

他们是一群感到被上帝召唤、被选来创建新耶路撒冷的人。

It was fitting, then, that in order to realize the dream, the Mormons endured a 1,300-mile journey of Biblical proportions.

因此，为了实现这个梦想，摩门教徒经历了圣经中描述的 1,300 英里的旅程，这是很恰当的。

Until September 1857, the Mormons had been the victims of violence more than its purveyors.

直到 1857 年 9 月，摩门教徒成为暴力的受害者，而不是暴力的提供者。

That all changed with the darkest incident of the Mormon War, the atrocity known as the Mountain Meadows massacre.

这一切随着摩门教战争中最黑暗的事件——被称为“山草甸大屠杀”的暴行而改变。

Trace the Mormons' path from New York to Utah Territory using this map.

使用这张地图追踪摩门教从纽约到犹他领地的路径。

Follow this chronology that details Mormon beliefs and major events.

遵循这份详细介绍摩门教信仰和重大事件的年表。

Gordon Hinckley was the 15th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

戈登·兴格莱 (Gordon Hinckley) 是耶稣基督后期圣徒教会第 15 任会长。

He led the church from March 1995 until his death in January 2008.

他从 1995 年 3 月起领导教会直至 2008 年 1 月去世。

This is the edited transcript of an interview conducted in January 2007.

这是 2007 年 1 月进行的采访的编辑记录。

Margaret Toscano was excommunicated from the LDS Church in 2000.

2000 年，玛格丽特·托斯卡诺 (Margaret Toscano) 被摩门教徒逐出教会。

She is founder of the Mormon Women's Forum.

她是摩门教妇女论坛的创始人。

Toscano currently teaches classics at the University of Utah.

托斯卡诺目前在犹他大学教授古典文学。

This is the edited transcript of an interview conducted Jan.

这是一月进行的采访的编辑记录。

27, 2006.

2006 年 27 日。