Monkey Trial
Narrator : Dayton, Tennessee, July 10, 1925.
旁白：田纳西州代顿，1925 年 7 月 10 日。
It was the day a 24-year-old teacher named John Thomas Scopes went on trial for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in a public school classroom.
那天，一位名叫约翰·托马斯·斯科普斯 (John Thomas Scopes) 的 24 岁教师因在公立学校课堂上教授达尔文进化论而受审。
Edward Larson, Historian : John Scopes was new to town.
爱德华·拉尔森，历史学家：约翰·斯科普斯是新来的。
He had just come down from Illinois where he grew up.
他刚从他长大的伊利诺伊州下来。
And he came down as the new football coach, but he also taught general science.
他作为新的足球教练下来了，但他也教授普通科学。
Scopes' indictment became front-page news around the country as soon as it happened.
斯科普斯的起诉书一发生就成为全国头条新闻。
Narrator : Hundreds of people streamed into the Rhea county courthouse.
旁白：数百人涌入雷亚县法院。
It was the hottest summer anyone could remember.
那是任何人记忆中最热的夏天。
"In the courtroom," said a reporter, "it felt like a blast furnace."
“在法庭上，”一位记者说，“感觉就像一座高炉。”
Nadine Strossen, President, ACLU : This was the very first trial in American history that was covered by the broadcast media.
美国公民自由联盟主席纳丁·斯特罗森：这是美国历史上第一次由广播媒体报道的审判。
Jim McKenzie, Dayton, Tennessee: I think that the only thing they were down here for was to propound the theory of evolution and this was a great place to do it.
吉姆·麦肯齐（Jim McKenzie），田纳西州代顿：我认为他们来到这里的唯一目的就是提出进化论，而这是一个很好的地方。
Narrator : Evolution was about to go on trial — with an unusual cast of characters:
旁白：进化论即将接受审判——有一群不同寻常的人物：
A group of civic boosters trying to put their little town on the map.
一群公民支持者试图让他们的小镇名声大噪。
A judge who believed he'd been chosen by God.
一位相信自己是被上帝选中的法官。
A prosecution attorney who spent his evenings drinking bootleg liquor with the defense and a chimpanzee named Joe Mendi.
一位检方律师晚上与辩方和一只名叫乔·门迪的黑猩猩一起喝私酒。
Eloise Reed, Dayton, Tennessee: He would have a little hat on.
Eloise Reed，田纳西州代顿：他会戴一顶小帽子。
He had a suit on with a vest.
他穿着西装，搭配背心。
And of course we were always excited about seeing Joe.
当然，我们总是很高兴见到乔。
Narrator : At the center of it all — two of the most colorful and controversial men in America.
旁白：这一切的中心——美国最丰富多彩、最有争议的两个人。
During the eight-day trial they would fight an epic battle.
在为期八天的审判中，他们将进行一场史诗般的战斗。
A duel over science and religion.
科学与宗教的决斗。
Faith and agnosticism.
信仰和不可知论。
The book of Darwin and the Book of Genesis.
达尔文的书和创世记。
Narrator: Dayton, Tennessee, population 1,800.
旁白：田纳西州代顿市，人口 1,800。
Founded after the Civil War, Dayton was surrounded by hills, strawberry farms and coal mines.
代顿在内战后建立，周围环绕着山丘、草莓农场和煤矿。
Eloise Reed : We had nice hotels here, good businesses here, good churches here, good schools here.
Eloise Reed：我们这里有不错的酒店，这里有良好的商业，这里有好的教堂，这里有好的学校。
Narrator : Eloise Reed was 12 years old in 1925.
旁白：1925 年，埃洛伊斯·里德 12 岁。
Her brother played on John Scopes' football team.
她的哥哥在约翰·斯科普斯的橄榄球队效力。
Scopes spent most of his time coaching his students, but he loved science.
斯科普斯大部分时间都花在指导学生上，但他热爱科学。
Darwin's theory of evolution, he said, was "the only plausible explanation of man's long and tortuous journey to his present physical and emotional development."
他说，达尔文的进化论是“对人类目前身体和情感发展的漫长而曲折的旅程的唯一合理的解释”。
Published in 1859, Charles Darwin's Origin of Species set forth one of the single most revolutionary ideas in history.
查尔斯·达尔文 (Charles Darwin) 于 1859 年出版的《物种起源》提出了历史上最具革命性的思想之一。
It described a process by which organisms evolved over millions of years, from simple to complex, through survival of the fittest.
它描述了生物体经过数百万年的进化过程，从简单到复杂，通过适者生存。
But to most people evolution meant just one thing.
但对大多数人来说，进化只意味着一件事。
Phillip Johnson, Author, Darwin on Trial: I think when people thought evolution, they didn't think of anything terribly scientific.
菲利普·约翰逊，作者，《达尔文审判》：我认为当人们思考进化论时，他们并没有想到任何非常科学的东西。
They thought of the basic idea that humans descended from monkeys.
他们想到了人类是猴子的后裔这一基本思想。
Narrator : Evolution had been taught in Tennessee schools since the turn of the century.
旁白：自世纪之交以来，田纳西州的学校就一直在教授进化论。
The official textbook Dayton's high school was Hunter's Civic Biology.
代顿高中的官方教科书是亨特的公民生物学。
Edward Larson, Historian: It was the most popular public school biology textbook in the entire country and the one required for use in every public school in the state of Tennessee.
历史学家爱德华·拉尔森：这是全国最受欢迎的公立学校生物学教科书，也是田纳西州每所公立学校都需要使用的教科书。
It was strictly Darwinian.
这完全是达尔文主义的。
By the 1920s you couldn't find a textbook that wasn't heavily evolutionary in its orientation.
到了 20 年代，你找不到一本在其方向上不具有强烈进化论的教科书。
You Can't Make a Monkey Out of Me (Folk Song)
你不能把我变成猴子（民歌）
You can't make a monkey out of me, oh no. You can't make a monkey out of me, no, no. I am human through and through All my aunts and uncles too...
你不能把我变成猴子，哦不。你不能把我变成猴子，不，不。我是一个彻头彻尾的人，我所有的阿姨和叔叔也是......
Narrator : But in 1925, under pressure from Christian fundamentalists, Tennessee became the first state in the Union to outlaw the teaching of evolution.
旁白：但 1925 年，在基督教原教旨主义者的压力下，田纳西州成为美国第一个禁止进化论教学的州。
The new law made it a crime for any public school teacher to quote "teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man had descended from a lower order of animals." Teachers who violated the law could be fined.
新法律规定，任何公立学校教师引用“教导任何否认圣经中所教导的神圣创造人类故事的理论，并教导人类是低等动物的后裔”的行为都是犯罪行为。违反法律的教师可能会被罚款。
The Governor of Tennessee signed the bill on March 23rd.
田纳西州州长于3月23日签署了该法案。
Most people thought the new law would never be enforced.
大多数人认为新法律永远不会得到执行。
Lawrence Levine, Historian: Look the anti-evolution law didn't change anything.
劳伦斯·莱文，历史学家：看，反进化论并没有改变任何东西。
It didn't change anything, and yet it was important to pass it, not because it was going to — they had textbooks in Tennessee, which taught evolution.
它没有改变任何东西，但通过它很重要，不是因为它会改变——他们在田纳西州有教科书，教进化论。
So any teacher who used those textbooks had to teach evolution.
因此，任何使用这些教科书的老师都必须教授进化论。
The importance of that — it was a symbolic law.
其重要性在于——它是一项象征性的法律。
It was a law symbolizing who was right, who was legitimate.
这是一条象征着谁是正确的、谁是合法的法律。
Religion was legitimate.
宗教是合法的。
Darwin was not legitimate in the state of Tennessee.
达尔文在田纳西州是不合法的。
Narrator: A world away in New York City, news about the Tennessee law appeared in the papers.
旁白：在另一个世界的纽约市，有关田纳西州法律的新闻出现在报纸上。
The story came to the attention of a struggling new organization called the American Civil Liberties Union.
这个故事引起了一个名为“美国公民自由联盟”的新组织的注意。
Nadine Strossen, President, ACLU : From the very beginning the ACLU was advocating freedom of speech for ideas from the most extreme left — anarchists and socialists — to the most extreme right including in the early days the Ku Klux Klan, Henry Ford, and others who would now be considered more toward the Fascist end of the spectrum.
美国公民自由联盟主席纳丁·斯特罗森：从一开始，美国公民自由联盟就倡导从最左翼（无政府主义者和社会主义者）到最右翼的思想自由，包括早期的三K党、亨利·福特和其他现在被认为更倾向于法西斯主义的人。
Narrator : Two months after the law was passed, the ACLU placed a notice in all the major Tennessee newspapers inviting a teacher to challenge it.
旁白：该法律通过两个月后，美国公民自由联盟在田纳西州所有主要报纸上登出通知，邀请教师对其提出质疑。
Nadine Strossen : The ACLU was not advocating for or against religion.
纳丁·斯特罗森：美国公民自由联盟并不提倡或反对宗教。
It probably wasn't even advocating for or against the validity of the theory of evolution.
它甚至可能不是在提倡或反对进化论的有效性。
As always the ACLU was seeking to advocate an abstract principle, a neutral principle of tolerance for debate and dispute.
与往常一样，美国公民自由联盟寻求倡导一项抽象原则，即容忍辩论和争议的中立原则。
The right to air any idea, including evolution but also including anti-evolutionary ideas.
传播任何想法的权利，包括进化论，也包括反进化论的想法。
Narrator : Back in Tennessee strawberries ripened in the fields and Rhea County High School prepared for graduation.
旁白：回到田纳西州，草莓在田里成熟，瑞亚县高中正在准备毕业。
But hard times had come to Dayton.
但代顿的困难时期已经来临。
The once prosperous coal and iron mines were closing down.
曾经繁荣的煤矿和铁矿正在关闭。
A New Yorker named George Rappleyea had been hired to manage the bankruptcy.
一位名叫乔治·拉普莱亚（George Rappleyea）的纽约人被聘请来管理破产事宜。
Rappleyea became a friend of John Scopes and began attending services at a liberal Protestant church.
拉普莱亚成为约翰·斯科普斯的朋友，并开始参加自由派新教教堂的仪式。
Edward Larson : And there he'd run into a minister who was both an evolutionist and a Christian.
爱德华·拉尔森：在那里他遇到了一位牧师，他既是进化论者又是基督徒。
And at that time Rappleyea began combining the two views and thought you could be a Christian and also be an evolutionist.
那时拉普莱亚开始结合这两种观点，并认为你可以成为一名基督徒，也可以成为一名进化论者。
So when the Tennessee legislature considered the anti-evolution laws, he wrote letters to his legislator and also to the Chattanooga Times arguing against passage of that law.
因此，当田纳西州立法机构考虑反进化论法律时，他写信给立法者和查塔努加时报，反对通过该法律。
He loved to make fun of it.
他喜欢取笑它。
Then one day in May in 1925 he saw in the newspaper the ACLU offer to defend any schoolteacher who was willing to challenge that law in court.
1925 年 5 月的一天，他在报纸上看到美国公民自由联盟 (ACLU) 提议为任何愿意在法庭上挑战该法律的教师辩护。
Narrator : Rappleyea had an inspiration — why not bring the trial to Dayton and give the town some excitement and a much-needed economic boost?
旁白：Rappleyea 有了一个灵感——为什么不把试验带到代顿，给这座小镇带来一些兴奋和急需的经济增长呢？
He rushed off to Robinson's drugstore.
他冲向罗宾逊的药店。
Eloise Reed : This is the spot where Robinson's Drugstore stood, right next to the big Aqua Hotel.
Eloise Reed：这是罗宾逊药店所在的地方，就在大水族酒店旁边。
And this is where, around the table in Robinson's Drugstore, the Scopes trial originated.
这就是斯科普斯试验的起源，就在罗宾逊药店的桌子周围。
Edward Larson : Now Robinson at the time was chairman of the local school board and his downtown drug store had a soda fountain that served as the watering hole for the business and professional elite of town back then.
爱德华·拉尔森：罗宾逊当时是当地学校董事会的主席，他在市中心的药店有一个冷饮柜，是当时镇上商业和专业精英的酒吧。
Those were the days of prohibition of course so I think the strongest thing they could drink was Coca-Cola.
当然，那是禁酒的日子，所以我认为他们能喝的最烈的东西就是可口可乐。
He ran down there and told them his scheme.
他跑到那里告诉他们他的计划。
Narrator : Rappleyea suggested they take up the ACLU's challenge and arrest one of Dayton's own teachers for teaching evolution.
旁白：拉普耶亚建议他们接受美国公民自由联盟的挑战，逮捕代顿市一位教授进化论的老师。
They would have a trial.
他们将接受审判。
It would be covered in the newspapers.
报纸上会报道它。
People would come to Dayton from miles around.
人们会从几英里外来到代顿。
Eloise Reed : And the thought grew there that we could do that.
Eloise Reed：我们就萌生了这样的想法：我们可以做到这一点。
And help advertise our town and bring in industry.
并帮助宣传我们的城镇并引进工业。
And maybe we'll get back on our feet.
也许我们会重新站起来。
Narrator : They needed a teacher willing to go along with their plan.
旁白：他们需要一位愿意配合他们计划的老师。
John Scopes, an easy-going bachelor, seemed the perfect choice.
约翰·斯科普斯是一位随和的单身汉，他似乎是完美的选择。
Scopes was playing tennis when a messenger found him.
当一名信使发现斯科普斯时，他正在打网球。
Edward Larson: He arrived at the drugstore.
爱德华·拉尔森：他到达了药店。
They sat him down.
他们让他坐下。
And here around him were all the town officials.
而他的周围，全是镇里的官员。
Narrator : Later when the Scopes trial became world-famous the drugstore conspirators posed for the cameras.
旁白：后来，当斯科普斯审判变得举世闻名时，药店的阴谋者们在镜头前摆出姿势。
George Rappleyea, who set things in motion.
乔治·拉普莱亚 (George Rappleyea) 推动了这一切。
F.
F。
E.
E.
Robinson, owner of the drugstore.
罗宾逊，药店老板。
And the defendant John Thomas Scopes.
还有被告约翰·托马斯·斯科普斯。
Scopes agreed to be arrested because he wanted to help his boss.
斯科普斯同意被捕，因为他想帮助他的老板。
After all, F.
毕竟，F.
E.
E.
Robinson was also President of the School Board.
罗宾逊还担任学校董事会主席。
But Scopes had another reason for agreeing to the plan.
但斯科普斯同意这个计划还有另一个原因。
As he later wrote, "I knew that sooner or later someone would have to stand up for the stifling of freedom that the anti-evolution act represented."
正如他后来所写的那样，“我知道迟早会有人站出来支持反进化论所代表的对自由的扼杀。”
Rappleyea called a sheriff and they swore out a warrant for John Scopes' arrest.
拉普莱亚打电话给治安官，他们宣誓发出逮捕约翰·斯科普斯的逮捕令。
While Scopes returned to his tennis game the School Superintendent called a reporter for the Chattanooga Times.
当斯科普斯回到网球比赛时，校长给《查塔努加时报》的记者打电话。
"Something has happened," he said, "that's going to put Dayton on the map!"
“发生了一些事情，”他说，“这将使代顿名声大噪！”
Edward Larson : The spectacle of a town government actually indicting a teacher for teaching the theory of evolution immediately caught the nation's attention.
爱德华·拉尔森：镇政府居然起诉一名教授进化论的老师，这一奇观立即引起了全国的关注。
Narrator : Overnight John Scopes became a controversial figure.
旁白：一夜之间，约翰·斯科普斯成为了一个有争议的人物。
To some he was a martyr for science.
对某些人来说，他是科学的烈士。
To others, an "ambassador of the devil."
对于其他人来说，他是“魔鬼的大使”。
Darwin's theory of evolution was about to go on trial — in a little town in Tennessee.
达尔文的进化论即将在田纳西州的一个小镇接受审判。
Eloise Reed: The town was buzzing with excitement.
埃洛伊丝·里德（Eloise Reed）：整个小镇都充满了兴奋。
Not over the trial but over all of the people coming to town.
不是因为审判，而是因为所有进城的人。
Narrator : Hollywood sent newsreel crews and photographers.
旁白：好莱坞派出了新闻片摄制组和摄影师。
Telegraph operators set up their relay equipment in a grocery store on Main Street.
电报接线员在主街的一家杂货店安装了中继设备。
At a cost of $1,000 a day Chicago's WGN radio was all set to broadcast the trial live — a first in American history.
芝加哥 WGN 广播电台每天花费 1,000 美元对审判进行现场直播，这在美国历史上尚属首次。
John Williams, WGN Radio : The pull must have been irresistible to want to tune in.
约翰·威廉姆斯 (John Williams)，WGN 广播电台：想要收听节目的吸引力一定是不可抗拒的。
I mean, literally to hear anything on the radio was fantastic, but to hear the Scopes Monkey Trial.
我的意思是，从字面上看，听到广播中的任何内容都很棒，但听到斯科普斯猴子审判。
Wow!
哇！
Narrator : America's leading journalist, H.
旁白：美国著名记者，H.
L.
L。
Mencken came to town with four bottles of scotch and a typewriter.
门肯带着四瓶苏格兰威士忌和一台打字机来到镇上。
Mencken stood for everything sophisticated and modern.
门肯代表着一切精致和现代的事物。
As editor of the American Mercury and reporter for the Baltimore Sun, his was the voice of the Jazz Age.
作为《美国水星报》的编辑和《巴尔的摩太阳报》的记者，他是爵士时代的声音。
He described the South as an intellectual desert.
他将南方描述为知识沙漠。
Jim McKenzie : And here he comes down to Dayton, Tennessee.
吉姆·麦肯齐：他来到了田纳西州代顿。
Why I bet they had a hard time finding Dayton, Tennessee on the map!
为什么我打赌他们很难在地图上找到田纳西州代顿！
Narrator : So many reporters came to cover the event that the only decent hotel in Dayton — the Aqua — had to turn them away.
旁白：前来报道这次活动的记者太多了，代顿唯一一家像样的酒店——阿夸酒店——不得不将他们拒之门外。
Now on the first day of the trial the principal player was feeling uneasy.
现在试炼第一天，主力就感到不安。
"The town was filled with men and women who considered the case a duel to the death," Scopes said.
斯科普斯说：“镇上到处都是男人和女人，他们认为这是一场生死决斗。”
"Everything I did was likely to be noted."
“我所做的一切都可能会被注意到。”
But the crowd wasn't there to see John Scopes.
但人群并不是来观看约翰·斯科普斯的。
Paul Boyer, Historian: You take the American personality, if there is such a thing, and divide it in two and you get Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan.
历史学家保罗·博耶（Paul Boyer）：如果有这样的东西的话，你把美国人的个性一分为二，你就会得到克拉伦斯·达罗和威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
Ronald Numbers, Historian : Everybody in America knew these two giants were coming down to this little southern community to fight over whether humans came from monkeys!
历史学家罗纳德·数字：每个美国人都知道这两个巨人要来到这个南方小社区，为人类是否来自猴子而争论！
Narrator : Here to prosecute John Scopes and the teaching of evolution — three-time Democratic presidential nominee, William Jennings Bryan.
旁白：在这里起诉约翰·斯科普斯和进化论教学——三届民主党总统候选人威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
"All the ills from which America suffers," he said, "can be traced to the teaching of evolution."
“美国遭受的所有弊病，”他说，“都可以追溯到进化论的教导。”
Ready to defend science and John Scopes' right to teach it — the most famous criminal defense attorney in America, Clarence Darrow.
准备捍卫科学和约翰·斯科普斯教授科学的权利——美国最著名的刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯·达罗。
Darrow's whole life had prepared him for this opportunity.
达罗一生都在为这个机会做好准备。
Clarence Darrow's father was a carpenter in Kinsman, Ohio.
克拉伦斯·达罗的父亲是俄亥俄州金斯曼的一名木匠。
He made furniture for his neighbors and ran a side business as an undertaker.
他为邻居制作家具，并经营殡仪业的副业。
A voracious reader, he collected hundreds of books on science and philosophy — and earned a reputation as the village atheist.
作为一名贪婪的读者，他收集了数百本有关科学和哲学的书籍，并赢得了乡村无神论者的声誉。
"The fact that my father was a heretic always put him on the defensive," said Darrow.
“我父亲是异端分子这一事实总是让他处于守势，”达罗说。
"And we children thought it was only right and loyal that we should defend his cause."
“我们孩子们认为，我们应该捍卫他的事业，这是正确和忠诚的。”
Edward Larson : This was a time when the rural heartland of America was decidedly Protestant.
爱德华·拉森（Edward Larson）：当时美国的农村中心地带无疑是新教徒的时代。
It had a civic religiosity that pervaded the place.
这个地方弥漫着一种公民宗教信仰。
And oppressed anyone who did not go along with those viewpoints.
并压迫任何不同意这些观点的人。
His father didn't, and would sit around in the general store asking the classic village atheist questions.
他的父亲没有，他会坐在杂货店里问典型的乡村无神论者问题。
Clarence Darrow imbibed his father's views and throughout his life he crusaded for the causes on a national stage that his father had crusaded for on a local stage.
克拉伦斯·达罗吸收了他父亲的观点，在他的一生中，他在国家舞台上为他父亲在地方舞台上为之奋斗的事业而奋斗。
Narrator : In 1886, after practicing law in a small Ohio town, Clarence Darrow moved his family to Chicago.
旁白：1886 年，克拉伦斯·达罗 (Clarence Darrow) 在俄亥俄州的一个小镇从事法律工作后，举家搬到了芝加哥。
Five years after his arrival he was general attorney for the Chicago and Northwestern Railway.
抵达五年后，他担任芝加哥和西北铁路公司的总律师。
He was making lots of money — but he felt, he wrote a friend "like a hypocrite and a slave."
他赚了很多钱——但他觉得，他写的朋友“就像一个伪君子和一个奴隶”。
It was a time of social upheaval.
那是一个社会动荡的时期。
The crusade of the individual against the powerful excited Clarence Darrow.
个人对抗强大的克拉伦斯·达罗兴奋不已。
He quit his corporate job to defend the underdog — strikers, labor leaders, anarchists.
他辞去了公司工作，去保护弱势群体——罢工者、劳工领袖、无政府主义者。
"Society" he said "is nothing less than organized injustice."
他说，“社会无非就是有组织的不公正。”
Kevin Tierney, Darrow Biographer: Philosophically he was a kind of existentialist.
凯文·蒂尔尼（Kevin Tierney），达罗传记作者：从哲学上讲，他是一位存在主义者。
His position as to life was he didn't choose to be born, and he once said that if he'd been given the option he'd have been asked to be let off...
他对生命的立场是他没有选择出生，他曾经说过，如果给他选择，他就会被要求放弃……
Basically what he wanted to do was to get through it without being bored.
基本上他想做的就是在不感到无聊的情况下度过它。
Narrator : As soon as Clarence Darrow heard about the anti-evolution trial he volunteered to defend John Scopes against the State of Tennessee.
旁白：克拉伦斯·达罗一听说反进化论审判，就自愿为约翰·斯科普斯辩护，反对田纳西州。
Darrow came to Dayton because he believed in free speech and because he wanted to challenge a man who was in many ways his polar opposite: William Jennings Bryan.
达罗来到代顿是因为他相信言论自由，也因为他想挑战一个在很多方面与他截然相反的人：威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
Kevin Tierney : He was just waiting for the opportunity to confront Bryan.
凯文·蒂尔尼：他只是在等待与布莱恩对抗的机会。
I mean, it was, it was almost manna from heaven that Bryan said that he would go to Dayton.
我的意思是，布莱恩说他要去代顿，简直就是天赐良机。
Narrator : By 1925, religion had driven a wedge between Darrow and Bryan.
旁白：到 1925 年，宗教已经在达罗和布莱恩之间产生了隔阂。
But once these two men had fought on the same side.
但曾经这两个人曾并肩作战。
Darrow even supported Bryan in his first presidential campaign — when William Jennings Bryan began his remarkable political career.
达罗甚至在布莱恩的第一次总统竞选中支持了他——当时威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩开始了他非凡的政治生涯。
Lawrence Levine : Millions and millions and millions of Americans voted for Bryan, followed Bryan, cared for Bryan, wrote letters of love, I mean literally.
劳伦斯·莱文：数以百万计的美国人投票给布莱恩，追随布莱恩，关心布莱恩，写下情书，我是说字面上的意思。
I love you kinds of letters.
我爱你各种信件。
The Bryan papers are full of those things.
布莱恩的论文里充满了这些东西。
"You are my king, you are my leader, I will follow you anywhere.
“你是我的国王，你是我的领袖，我会跟随你到任何地方。
He had a voice, before microphones, before amplification that could be heard one quarter of a mile away.
在麦克风之前，在扩音器之前，他的声音在四分之一英里外都可以听到。
He could be heard in the last seat of Madison Square Garden without any amplification at all.
在麦迪逊广场花园的最后一个座位上，无需任何扩音器，就可以听到他的声音。
It was a great gift.
这是一份很棒的礼物。
Narrator : A congressman from Lincoln, Nebraska, Bryan was just 36 years old when he won the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.
旁白：来自内布拉斯加州林肯市的国会议员布莱恩获得民主党总统候选人提名时年仅36岁。
During the campaign of 1896, Bryan traveled 18,000 miles and gave 600 speeches.
在 1896 年的竞选期间，布莱恩行程了 18,000 英里，发表了 600 场演讲。
More than five million Americans heard his voice — long before there was radio.
早在广播出现之前，就有超过五百万美国人听到了他的声音。
Edward Larson : Bryan handled his presidential campaigns like a crusade.
爱德华·拉尔森：布莱恩将他的总统竞选活动视为一场十字军东征。
He was crusading for something bigger than himself.
他正在为比他自己更伟大的事情而奋斗。
Narrator : Most of his ideas were far ahead of their time.
旁白：他的大部分想法都远远超前于时代。
He fought against Imperialism, against trusts, against the corrupt power of big business.
他反对帝国主义、反对托拉斯、反对大企业的腐败权力。
He fought for the working man and the farmer, for women's suffrage and for campaign finance reform.
他为工人和农民、妇女选举权和竞选财务改革而奋斗。
Edward Larson : He did something that no one had ever done in running for president before.
爱德华·拉尔森：他做了一件以前在竞选总统时从未有人做过的事情。
He took his campaign to the people.
他将他的竞选活动带给了人民。
And that had a tremendous force in America because no candidate for president had ever done that before.
这在美国产生了巨大的影响力，因为以前没有总统候选人这样做过。
And that's where he earned the name the Great Commoner.
这就是他赢得“伟大平民”称号的原因。
Narrator : The Great Commoner ran for president three times and three times he lost.
旁白：大平民三度竞选总统，三度落败。
But his essential optimism never faded.
但他本质上的乐观主义从未消退。
He learned his philosophy from his father, a circuit court judge and dean of the Baptist Church who taught his son that the Bible was the source of all truth.
他从他的父亲那里学到了他的哲学，他的父亲是一名巡回法院法官和浸信会教堂的院长，父亲教导他的儿子圣经是所有真理的源泉。
Like many Americans in the 19th century, Bryan believed that the Christian gospel had the power to transform society.
和 19 世纪的许多美国人一样，布莱恩相信基督教福音有能力改变社会。
Lawrence Levine : He always mixed religion and politics.
劳伦斯·莱文：他总是把宗教和政治混在一起。
He couldn't conceive of one without the other because religion to him was the basis of politics.
他无法想象两者缺一不可，因为宗教对他来说是政治的基础。
Without religion there could be no desire to change in a positive way.
没有宗教，就不可能有积极改变的愿望。
Why should anyone want to do that?
为什么有人想要这样做？
Why should anyone want to be good and do good to his or her fellow human beings if — if there was no reward afterwards, if there was no religious — if we were just brutes?
如果——如果事后没有回报，如果没有宗教信仰——如果我们只是畜生的话，为什么有人想要向他或她的人类同胞行善、行善呢？
If we were just animals...why should anyone be good?
如果我们只是动物……为什么有人要善良？
Narrator : The 1920s.
旁白：20 年代。
A time, wrote F.
有一次，F 写道。
Scott Fitzgerald, "when the parties were bigger, the pace was faster, and the morals were looser."
斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（Scott Fitzgerald）说：“当聚会规模更大时，节奏更快，道德也更宽松。”
For men like Darrow, the Jazz Age ushered in a new world of freedom.
对于像达罗这样的人来说，爵士乐时代迎来了一个自由的新世界。
But the Twenties threatened everything Bryan held sacred.
但二十年代威胁着布莱恩认为神圣的一切。
He had campaigned hard for prohibition and now it was the law of the land.
他曾大力倡导禁酒令，现在禁酒令已成为国家法律。
But the law meant nothing to a wild new generation.
但法律对于狂野的新一代来说毫无意义。
A generation that saw William Jennings Bryan as a throwback to another era.
这一代人将威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩视为另一个时代的倒退。
Lawrence Levine : He was a kind of Neanderthal creature.
劳伦斯·莱文：他是一种尼安德特人生物。
He spoke in funny ways, he was a very religious guy, he represented yesterday rather than today.
他说话的方式很有趣，他是一个非常虔诚的人，他代表的是昨天而不是今天。
In that sense he was a very important weathervane for understanding the changes that were taking place in the United States.
从这个意义上说，他是了解美国正在发生的变化的一个非常重要的风向标。
Narrator : Bryan was not alone in his fears.
旁白：布莱恩并不是唯一一个感到恐惧的人。
In the first decades of the 20th century a conservative religious movement was born.
20世纪最初几十年，保守的宗教运动诞生了。
Fundamentalism began as a reaction against the chaos and confusion of the modern world.
原教旨主义最初是对现代世界的混乱和混乱的反应。
The movement spread quickly.
运动迅速蔓延。
Christians across America joined together in a self-described battle against "the deceptions of Satan."
美国各地的基督徒联合起来，进行了一场自称为反对“撒旦的欺骗”的战斗。
Eugenie Scott, Scientist: American Fundamentalism was a particular strain of Protestant Christianity, and in stressing the literal truth of the Bible and the literal truth of Genesis, it certainly ran right up against evolution.
尤金妮·斯科特，科学家：美国原教旨主义是新教基督教的一个特殊分支，在强调《圣经》和《创世记》的字面真理时，它肯定与进化论背道而驰。
It was simply incompatible with evolution.
它与进化根本不相容。
Narrator : William Jennings Bryan spoke out against all he thought was wrong with the modern world.
旁白：威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩公开反对他认为现代世界的所有错误。
And he listened to the fears and anxieties of parents about what was happening to their children.
他倾听了父母对孩子所发生的事情的恐惧和焦虑。
They were going off to school, studying evolution, and losing their religion.
他们去上学，研究进化论，并失去了他们的宗教信仰。
In 1921, when he was 61 years old, Bryan began a new campaign.
1921年，61岁的布莱恩开始了新的竞选活动。
"There has not been a reform for twenty-five years I did not support", he said "And I am now engaged in the biggest reform of my life.
“二十五年来，没有任何一项改革是我不支持的”，他说，“而我现在正在进行我一生中最大的改革。
I am trying to save the Christian Church from those who are trying to destroy her faith."
我正在努力将基督教会从那些试图摧毁其信仰的人手中拯救出来。”
Bryan's four-year crusade inspired a Baptist legislator named John Butler to write the Tennessee anti-evolution bill.
布莱恩四年的十字军东征启发了一位名叫约翰·巴特勒的浸信会立法者起草了田纳西州的反进化论法案。
And it was a fundamentalist group — the World's Christian Fundamentals Organization — that invited Bryan to come to Dayton to prosecute John Scopes.
正是一个原教旨主义团体——世界基督教基要组织——邀请布莱恩来代顿起诉约翰·斯科普斯。
He jumped at the chance.
他抓住了这个机会。
"This presents an issue of pivotal importance," Bryan wrote.
“这提出了一个至关重要的问题，”布莱恩写道。
"I shall of course serve without compensation."
“我当然会无偿服役。”
On July 10th, 1925, the Scopes trial began.
1925 年 7 月 10 日，斯科普斯案审判开始。
Journalists converged on the Rhea County courthouse joined by a local crowd — people from town, farmers from the lowlands and mountaineers carrying squirrel rifles.
记者们聚集在雷亚县法院，当地人群也聚集在一起，其中包括城镇居民、低地农民和携带松鼠步枪的登山者。
Edward Larson : The Dayton civic leaders could hardly believe their good fortune.
爱德华·拉尔森：代顿市的公民领袖简直不敢相信他们的好运。
They had anticipated a great trial.
他们期待着一场伟大的审判。
They wanted a media event from the beginning.
他们从一开始就想要一场媒体活动。
But they had never even dreamed in their wildest dreams about having the like of William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow, two of the most famous orators in American history, coming together.
但他们甚至从未梦想过让美国历史上最著名的两位演说家威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩和克拉伦斯·达罗这样的人走到一起。
Nadine Strossen : This was a battle for the hearts and minds of the public.
Nadine Strossen：这是一场争夺公众心灵的战斗。
Not so much the public in Dayton, Tennessee, but the larger public all over the country that was following this very closely
与其说是田纳西州代顿市的公众，不如说是全国各地密切关注此事的公众
Narrator : By 9 AM, the courtroom was jammed.
旁白：上午九点，法庭里就挤满了人。
"The crowd filled the aisles, the windows, the doors," wrote a reporter.
“人群挤满了过道、窗户和门，”一名记者写道。
"Photographers and movie men perched on chairs, tables and ladders and more than a hundred newspaper and magazine writers were cramped at a pine table set with muffled telegraph instruments and typewriters, while a radio announcer pushed through the crush of counsel to set his microphone for the edification and amusement of his radio patrons!"
“摄影师和电影工作者坐在椅子、桌子和梯子上，一百多名报纸和杂志作家挤在一张松木桌子旁，桌子上放着低沉的电报仪器和打字机，而一名电台播音员则从拥挤的律师队伍中穿过，设置麦克风，以启发和娱乐他的电台顾客！”
Nadine Strossen : This was the very first trial in American history that was covered by the broadcast media.
纳丁·斯特罗森：这是美国历史上第一次由广播媒体报道的审判。
It was a live, play-by-play coverage by a radio station out of Chicago.
这是芝加哥一家广播电台的现场实况报道。
So this was the precursor of Court TV so to speak.
可以说，这就是法庭电视的前身。
John Williams : WGN Radio received the rights to rearrange the way the courtroom was set up.
约翰·威廉姆斯：WGN 广播电台获得了重新安排法庭设置方式的权利。
And this was the first time this has happened where the media manipulates an event literally the way it's played out.
这是第一次发生媒体按照事件的进展方式操纵事件的情况。
Where will the people sit, where will the jury be seated?
人们会坐在哪里，陪审团会坐在哪里？
The relationship of the judge to the prosecution and the defense, all of that changed to accommodate the radio station's microphones.
法官与控方和辩方的关系，所有这些都发生了变化，以适应广播电台的麦克风。
Narrator : For his listeners in Chicago and beyond, WGN radio announcer Quinn Ryan described everything he saw, beginning with Bryan's entrance into the courtroom.
旁白：WGN 广播电台播音员奎因·瑞安（Quinn Ryan）向芝加哥及其他地区的听众描述了他所看到的一切，从布莱恩进入法庭开始。
John Williams : And so he said to his radio audience back in Chicago, "Here comes William Jennings Bryan.
约翰·威廉姆斯：所以他对芝加哥的广播听众说：“威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩来了。
He enters now.
他现在进来了。
His bald pate like a sunrise over Key West." And Bryan heard that and turned at him and laughed.
他的秃头就像基韦斯特上空的日出。”布莱恩听到了，转身对他笑了。
They both enjoyed that moment.
他们俩都很享受那一刻。
Narrator : Bryan and Darrow posed for the movie cameras.
旁白：布莱恩和达罗在电影摄影机前摆好姿势。
Judge John T.
法官约翰·T.
Raulston of Jasper, Tennessee entered the courtroom with a Bible under his arm.
来自田纳西州贾斯珀的劳尔斯顿腋下夹着一本《圣经》进入法庭。
Raulston would be up for election the following year.
劳尔斯顿将在次年竞选。
Edward Larson : Judge Raulston was the circuit judge who served the entire area of Southeastern Tennessee.
爱德华·拉尔森：劳尔斯顿法官是为田纳西州东南部整个地区服务的巡回法官。
He relished this opportunity.
他很珍惜这个机会。
He liked media attention.
他喜欢媒体的关注。
He was enamored by this trial.
他对这次审判很着迷。
Now, he was not a Fundamentalist himself.
现在，他本人并不是原教旨主义者。
He was a moderate Christian.
他是一位温和的基督徒。
But he somehow believed that God had picked him to be the moderator in this debate.
但他不知何故相信上帝选择他作为这场辩论的主持人。
Narrator : Judge Raulston began jury selection with dramatic flair.
旁白：劳尔斯顿法官开始以戏剧性的方式挑选陪审团。
He invited a four-year old boy from Dayton to narrow the pool by drawing names from a hat.
他邀请了一位来自代顿的四岁男孩通过从帽子中抽出名字来缩小范围。
Then prosecution and defense questioned potential members of the jury.
然后控方和辩方询问了潜在的陪审团成员。
Edward Larson : Clarence Darrow was famous for his ability to pick a sympathetic jury.
爱德华·拉尔森：克拉伦斯·达罗以挑选富有同情心的陪审团的能力而闻名。
He would often take days and use a variety of different psychological techniques to shape a jury that would be responsive to his typically notorious client, and give them a fighting chance.
他经常花费数天的时间，使用各种不同的心理技巧来组建一个陪审团，对他典型的臭名昭著的客户做出反应，并给他们一个战斗的机会。
Now Clarence Darrow did not want that in this trial.
现在克拉伦斯·达罗不希望在这次审判中出现这种情况。
What he wanted was either to have the judge overturn the law as unconstitutional, or have his client convicted so that he could appeal it.
他想要的是要么让法官以违宪为由推翻法律，要么让他的当事人被定罪，以便他可以上诉。
Because what was on trial at Dayton was the law, not the defendant.
因为代顿受审的是法律，而不是被告。
Narrator : If Clarence Darrow wanted a jury inclined to believe in the Bible, he got exactly that.
旁白：如果克拉伦斯·达罗想要一个倾向于相信圣经的陪审团，他就得到了这一点。
The fate of John Thomas Scopes would be decided by six Baptists, four Methodists, one disciple of Christ, and a single non-churchgoer.
约翰·托马斯·斯科普斯的命运将由六名浸信会教徒、四名卫理公会教徒、一名基督的门徒和一名不去教堂的人决定。
Some of the jurors had no opinion about evolution because they said they didn't know what it was.
一些陪审员对进化论没有意见，因为他们说他们不知道进化是什么。
"It was obvious," wrote H.
“这是显而易见的，”H 写道。
L.
L。
Mencken, "that the jury would be unanimously hot for Genesis."
门肯，“陪审团一致热衷于《创世纪》。”
Paul Boyer : Mencken loved to ridicule the rural South and he wrote really sort of very funny, but also extremely cruel and distorted reports back to the Baltimore Sun.
保罗·博耶：门肯喜欢嘲笑南方乡村，他给《巴尔的摩太阳报》写了一些非常有趣但又极其残酷和扭曲的报道。
And of course they were carried nationwide.
当然，它们是在全国范围内进行的。
Narrator : Mencken's reports appeared in the Sun with equally stinging political cartoons — seen by millions of Americans.
旁白：门肯的报道与同样尖锐的政治漫画一起出现在《太阳报》上——被数百万美国人看到。
After jury selection, court adjourned for the weekend.
陪审团选定后，法庭休庭至周末。
Outside, the circus had begun.
外面，马戏表演开始了。
Evolution's teaches man came from a monkey I don't believe such a thing in a week of Sunday.
进化论告诉我们人类是从猴子进化而来的，我在星期天的一周内都不相信这样的事情。
Oh, the Bible's true, oh yes I believe it True enough and I believe it What you say, what you say, bound to be that way.
哦，圣经是真的，哦，是的，我相信它，足够真实，我相信它，你所说的，你所说的，一定是那样的。
Lord Yes!
主啊 是的！
Eloise Reed : On the street corners you might see a minister with a Bible in his hand talking to a small group of people.
埃洛伊斯·里德：在街角，你可能会看到一位牧师手里拿着一本圣经，正在与一小群人交谈。
Religious signs had been put up over town.
城镇上空竖起了宗教标志。
And they had not necessarily been put up by any of our churches.
而且它们不一定是我们任何一个教会设立的。
Others came in and put them up.
其他人进来把它们放起来。
There were hawkers on the street selling souvenirs.
街上有卖纪念品的小贩。
Course we had all the newsmen, the press that came in and they were out with their cameras everyday on the street and at the courtyard taking pictures of anything.
当然，我们有所有的新闻记者，媒体进出，他们每天都带着相机在街上和庭院里拍摄任何东西。
God made the world and everything in it And made man perfect and the monkey wasn't in it What you say, what you say, bound to be that way.
上帝创造了世界和其中的一切，并创造了完美的人类，而猴子并不在其中，你所说的，你所说的，注定是那样的。
You know I'm right!
你知道我是对的！
Narrator : Monkey songs, monkey souvenirs, monkey jokes.
旁白：猴子歌曲、猴子纪念品、猴子笑话。
H.
H.
L.
L。
Mencken called it "Monkeytown." A chimpanzee named Joe Mendi endured the heat to entertain the children.
门肯称其为“猴子镇”。一只名叫乔·门迪的黑猩猩冒着酷暑逗孩子们玩耍。
Eloise Reed: Joe Mendi was a little fellow and his keeper was a lady.
埃洛伊斯·里德（Eloise Reed）：乔·门迪（Joe Mendi）是个小家伙，他的饲养员是一位女士。
And she would bring him up to the courthouse every day and would dress him in a different suit.
她每天都会带他去法院，给他穿上不同的西装。
And of course we were always excited about seeing Joe.
当然，我们总是很高兴见到乔。
Narrator : A freight car even brought a gorilla in a cage.
旁白：一辆货车还运来了一只关在笼子里的大猩猩。
"People crowded in to contemplate whether this monster could be their kinsman," wrote a reporter.
一位记者写道：“人们纷纷涌来，思考这个怪物是否是他们的亲戚。”
"The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, afraid it might be true."
“这个可怜的畜生蜷缩在角落里，双手捂住眼睛，生怕这是真的。”
Well God made the world and everything in it And made man perfect and the monkey wasn't in it What you say, what you say, Bound to be that way.
好吧，上帝创造了世界和其中的一切，并创造了完美的人类，而猴子并不在其中，你所说的，你所说的，一定是那样的。
Lord, yes!
主啊，是啊！
Narrator : That Sunday, William Jennings Bryan spoke at Dayton's First Methodist Church.
旁白：那个星期天，威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩在代顿第一卫理公会教堂发表讲话。
Eloise Reed : There wasn't even standing room in the church and people were on the outside listening to him.
埃洛伊斯·里德：教堂里甚至没有站立的空间，人们都在外面听他讲话。
The windows were all open.
窗户都开着。
It was a hot summer day and people had come in from everywhere.
那是一个炎热的夏日，人们从四面八方涌来。
I don't know how so many people knew that he was going to be speaking...
不知道怎么这么多人知道他要讲话……
But I had a front seat that day, right in front of the pulpit where he was standing and I was sitting there in awe of him, you know...
但那天我坐在前排，就在他站着的讲坛前，我坐在那里对他充满敬畏，你知道……
I guess I was trying to see his silver tongue that I had heard so much about.
我想我是想看看他那我听过很多次的巧舌如簧。
Narrator : Monday, July 13.
旁白：7 月 13 日星期一。
Judge Raulston began court with a prayer.
劳尔斯顿法官以祈祷开始开庭。
To the defense it was an outrageous show of bias, but Darrow didn't object.
对于辩方来说，这是一种令人愤慨的偏见表现，但达罗并没有反对。
He didn't want to antagonize the judge.
他不想与法官对抗。
Raulston's first ruling would be on the anti-evolution law.
劳尔斯顿的第一个裁决将是关于反进化论的。
If he declared it unconstitutional, the trial would be over.
如果他宣布该法案违宪，审判就会结束。
Though he knew his chances were slim, Darrow seized the moment to convince Judge Raulston — and all of America — that the anti-evolution law should be overturned.
尽管达罗知道自己的机会渺茫，但他还是抓住了时机说服劳尔斯顿法官——以及整个美国——反进化论的法律应该被推翻。
Kevin Tierney : Darrow was at his best when the crowd, the audience was against him.
凯文·蒂尔尼：当观众、观众反对他时，达罗处于最佳状态。
That's when he was really good.
那个时候他真的很优秀。
And it's a tribute to his skill as a spellbinder that on an extremely hot and uncomfortable day he kept an audience absolutely silent in the courtroom just by the power of a speech.
在一个极其炎热和不舒服的日子里，他仅凭借演讲的力量就让法庭上的观众保持绝对安静，这是对他作为引人入胜的技巧的致敬。
Narrator : "Fires have been lighted in America to kindle religious bigotry and hate," Darrow said.
旁白：“美国已经点燃了火焰，以点燃宗教偏执和仇恨，”达罗说。
"If today you can take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach it in the public schools, tomorrow you can make it a crime to teach it in the private schools."
“如果今天你可以把进化论这样的东西定为在公立学校教授它是犯罪，明天你就可以把在私立学校教授它定为犯罪。”
"And after awhile, your Honor, it's man against man and creed against creed until we're marching backward to the time when bigots burned the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind!"
“过了一段时间，法官大人，这是人与人、教条与教条的对立，直到我们倒退到偏执狂焚烧那些敢于给人类思想带来任何智慧、启蒙和文化的人的时代！”
The national media applauded Darrow's speech.
全国媒体对达罗的讲话表示赞赏。
Tennessee newspapers had a different reaction.
田纳西州的报纸有不同的反应。
A cartoon in the Memphis Commercial Appeal showed Darrow as the Anti-Christ, looking down on a modern landscape of "agnosticism, annihilation and spiritual despair."
《孟菲斯商业呼吁》中的一幅漫画将达罗描绘成反基督者，蔑视“不可知论、毁灭和精神绝望”的现代景观。
That night a thunderstorm lit up the town.
那天晚上，一场雷暴照亮了小镇。
Reporters joked that Darrow's speech had bought the wrath of God upon Dayton.
记者们开玩笑说，达罗的演讲激起了上帝对代顿的愤怒。
After three days of deliberation, Judge Raulston announced his decision.
经过三天的审议，劳尔斯顿法官宣布了他的决定。
He would uphold the law and try John Scopes for teaching evolution.
他会维护法律并尝试约翰·斯科普斯教授进化论。
"The Monkey Trial" as H.
《猴子审判》饰演 H.
L.
L。
Mencken called it, would continue.
门肯称其为“将继续”。
Bryan had won the first round.
布莱恩赢得了第一轮。
But Darrow had only begun to fight.
但达罗才刚刚开始战斗。
Edward Larson : He wanted to discredit the entire process because it was a process that he deeply and very sincerely disbelieved in.
爱德华·拉尔森：他想抹黑整个过程，因为这是一个他深深且非常真诚地不相信的过程。
A process of government, whether through a court or a legislature, imposing ideas on people.
政府的一个过程，无论是通过法院还是立法机关，将思想强加给人们。
Especially ideas that sprang from religious orthodoxy.
尤其是源自宗教正统观念的思想。
Kevin Tierney : He was in no sense overawed by the court or the majesty of the law.
凯文·蒂尔尼：他丝毫没有被法庭或法律的威严所吓倒。
And most particularly he wasn't by the unfortunate judge, Judge Raulston.
最特别的是，他不是由不幸的法官劳尔斯顿法官做出的。
And I think it is unfortunately true that not only Darrow but also H.
我认为不幸的是，不仅达罗，而且 H.
L.
L。
Mencken really wanted in some sense to re-fight the Civil War.
从某种意义上说，门肯确实想重新打一场内战。
They were Northerners come down to tell the Southern yokels just how stupid they were.
他们是北方人，下来告诉南方乡巴佬他们是多么愚蠢。
Narrator: H.
叙述者：H.
L.
L。
Mencken outraged the people of Dayton by calling them "primates," "morons," and "hillbillies." But he saved his most potent venom for William Jennings Bryan.
门肯称代顿人民为“灵长类动物”、“白痴”和“乡巴佬”，激怒了他们。但他把最有力的毒液留给了威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
"One somehow pities him," he wrote.
“不知怎么的，有人可怜他，”他写道。
" It's a tragedy, indeed, to begin life as hero and to end it as a buffoon."
“这确实是一场悲剧，以英雄的身份开始生命，以小丑的身份结束生命。”
Paul Boyer : Mencken hated Bryan, I think, for a lot of reasons.
保罗·博耶：我认为门肯讨厌布莱恩有很多原因。
Bryan was an advocate of Prohibition, Mencken loved his beer.
布莱恩是禁酒令的倡导者，门肯喜欢他的啤酒。
He held Bryan's religious views in contempt.
他蔑视布莱恩的宗教观点。
But beyond that, Bryan represented a kind of reform tradition, a kind of voice of ordinary people, a voice of grassroots America that Mencken really held in contempt.
但除此之外，布莱恩代表了一种改革传统，一种普通民众的声音，一种门肯真正鄙视的美国草根的声音。
Beneath Mencken's ridicule of the ignorant hayseeds of America was a very profound suspicion of Democracy itself.
门肯对美国无知的草籽的嘲笑背后，是对民主本身的深刻怀疑。
Mencken really believed that there was a small elite of — of educated and cultivated and intelligent human beings, and then there were the masses who were really ignorant and capable of nothing but being led and bamboozled.
门肯确实相信，有一小群受过教育、有教养、聪明的人组成的精英，而还有一些真正无知、除了被领导和欺骗之外一无所有的群众。
Narrator : On the afternoon of the fourth day, the prosecution called its first witnesses.
旁白：第四天下午，检方传唤了第一批证人。
When the time came for cross-examination, Darrow went on the offensive.
当盘问时间到来时，达罗发起了进攻。
Under his interrogation the students of John Scopes admitted that learning Darwin's theory of evolution from their football coach had in no way damaged their faith or their character.
在他的审讯下，约翰·斯科普斯的学生承认，从他们的足球教练那里学习达尔文的进化论丝毫没有损害他们的信仰或性格。
School Superintendent Walter White conceded that the textbook Scopes was accused of using — Hunter's Civic Biology — was the official biology textbook of the state of Tennessee.
学校校长沃尔特·怀特承认，斯科普斯被指控使用的教科书——亨特的公民生物学——是田纳西州的官方生物学教科书。
F.
F。
E.
E.
Robinson testified that he himself sold copies of the offending textbook in his drugstore where John Scopes had been arrested.
罗宾逊作证说，他本人在约翰·斯科普斯被捕的药店里出售了这本违规教科书的副本。
Scopes himself never took the stand but to many of the reporters he was the hero of the story.
斯科普斯本人从未出庭作证，但对许多记者来说，他是这个故事的英雄。
John Williams : They saw Scopes as a guy who volunteered for this case, who wasn't a bad guy, who may not have even done what he was on trial for.
约翰·威廉姆斯：他们认为斯科普斯是一个自愿参与此案的人，他不是一个坏人，他甚至可能没有做过他受审的事情。
And so they were all pulling for him.
所以他们都在支持他。
Kevin Tierney : Frankly, Scopes was being used.
凯文·蒂尔尼：坦率地说，正在使用范围。
Essentially, the case had been taken over by the big names.
本质上，这个案子已经被大人物接手了。
Narrator : If his client was convicted, Darrow would appeal the case to the Tennessee Supreme Court.
旁白：如果他的委托人被定罪，达罗将向田纳西州最高法院上诉。
Until then, he wanted to use the monkey trial to enlighten America.
在此之前，他想用猴子审判来启发美国。
To that end the defense team brought prominent scientists to Dayton to testify for evolution.
为此，辩护小组将杰出的科学家带到代顿来为进化论作证。
The scientists had been carefully selected to prove that devout Christians also believed in evolution.
这些科学家是经过精心挑选的，目的是证明虔诚的基督徒也相信进化论。
Their star witness, Professor Maynard Metcalf, was a staunch evolutionist from Johns Hopkins University who taught Sunday school at his congregational church.
他们的明星见证人梅纳德·梅特卡夫教授是约翰·霍普金斯大学的坚定进化论者，在他的公理会教堂教授主日学。
Jim McKenzie : I think that the only thing they were down here for was to propound the theory of evolution and this was a great place to do it.
吉姆·麦肯齐：我认为他们来这里唯一的目的就是提出进化论，这是一个很好的地方。
It was right in the middle of the Bible Belt.
它就在圣经带的中间。
So here they have a golden opportunity to come down here and put on the theory of evolution in a courtroom with the greatest Fundamentalist of all, being William Jennings Bryan on the other side.
因此，他们有一个千载难逢的机会来到这里，在法庭上与最伟大的原教旨主义者威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩（William Jennings Bryan）一起在法庭上宣讲进化论。
Narrator : Was the scientific testimony relevant to the case?
旁白：科学证词与案件相关吗？
Judge Raulston hadn't made up his mind.
劳尔斯顿法官尚未做出决定。
So when the defense called Professor Metcalf to explain evolution, he banished the jury from the courtroom.
因此，当辩方请梅特卡夫教授解释进化论时，他将陪审团逐出法庭。
Edward Larson : Even though they had clamored to be on the jury so that they could have front row seats they only were in the courtroom for a few hours during the eight-day trial.
爱德华·拉尔森：尽管他们大声疾呼要加入陪审团，以便获得前排座位，但在为期八天的审判中，他们只在法庭上呆了几个小时。
As it turned out, they heard very little of the trial of the century.
事实证明，他们对本世纪的审判知之甚少。
Narrator : So far, William Jennings Bryan had said little.
旁白：到目前为止，威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩几乎没说什么。
He was on a strict diet to control diabetes.
他严格控制饮食以控制糖尿病。
He had lost weight and he suffered from the heat.
他体重减轻了，而且还忍受着炎热的天气。
Edward Larson : Bryan knew from the start that he was on trial as much as anybody else at Dayton.
爱德华·拉尔森：布莱恩从一开始就知道他和代顿的其他人一样受到审判。
That his idea of anti-evolution laws had been widely criticized and he needed to defend them.
他的反进化论观点受到了广泛的批评，他需要捍卫它们。
Narrator : Bryan felt confident that the jury would convict John Scopes.
旁白：布莱恩对陪审团定约翰·斯科普斯有罪充满信心。
He focussed his energy on writing his closing argument — a speech he knew would be carried live on radio, and quoted all over America.
他把精力集中在写结案陈词上——他知道这篇演讲将在广播中直播，并被全美各地引用。
It would bring to light all the fears about Darwinism that had haunted him for years.
它将揭露多年来困扰他的对达尔文主义的所有恐惧。
As a young man Bryan had been open-minded about evolution.
布莱恩年轻时对进化论持开放态度。
To him all that mattered was that God had infused man with a soul.
对他来说，最重要的是上帝赋予了人类灵魂。
But by the turn of the century Bryan saw that certain rich and powerful men were using evolution to justify social inequality.
但到了世纪之交，布莱恩发现某些富有和有权势的人正在利用进化论来证明社会不平等的合理性。
If life on earth had evolved through survival of the fittest, they argued, why should the strong help the weak to survive?
他们认为，如果地球上的生命是通过适者生存而进化的，为什么强者要帮助弱者生存呢？
The theory came to be known as Social Darwinism.
该理论后来被称为社会达尔文主义。
Lawrence Levine : If you see a drunk in the gutter the best thing you can do is to leave him in the gutter.
劳伦斯·莱文：如果你看到一个醉汉在阴沟里，你能做的最好的事情就是把他留在阴沟里。
Because if you pull him out of the gutter and you clean him up and you let him marry another drunk, they're going to have drunk children.
因为如果你把他从阴沟里拉出来，把他清理干净，然后让他嫁给另一个醉汉，他们就会生出喝醉的孩子。
And now we're going to have five or six drunks where here we only had one or two.
现在我们将有五六个醉汉，而我们这里只有一两个。
Let them perish, that's what their fate should be.
让他们灭亡吧，这就是他们的命运。
Narrator : Then came the First World War, and Bryan saw evidence that Social Darwinism was being carried to a chilling extreme.
旁白：第一次世界大战爆发了，布莱恩看到了社会达尔文主义被推向令人毛骨悚然的极端的证据。
In a book called Headquarters Nights he read a first-hand account of the German philosophy of war — a philosophy inspired by the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche.
在一本名为《总部之夜》的书中，他读到了德国战争哲学的第一手资料——这种哲学受到弗里德里希·尼采的教义的启发。
The German military believed it was engaged in a global battle for "the salvation of the human species." Many German officers became convinced that Germany was the super-race destined to win the so-called "evolutionary struggle for existence."
德国军方认为，他们正在进行一场“拯救人类”的全球战斗。许多德国军官开始相信，德国是注定要赢得所谓“生存进化斗争”的超级种族。
Lawrence Levine : Bryan began even on his own to see a straight line between Darwin to Nietzsche.
劳伦斯·莱文：布莱恩甚至开始独自看到达尔文和尼采之间的直线。
Nietzsche who talked about the superman.
尼采曾谈论过超人。
Nietzsche who laughed at Christianity as an ideology of slaves.
尼采嘲笑基督教是奴隶的意识形态。
Of course slaves are going to say that the weak inherit, the meek inherit the earth.
当然，奴隶们会说，弱者继承土地，温顺者继承土地。
Why shouldn't they?
为什么他们不应该呢？
They're slaves!
他们是奴隶！
But the strong shouldn't believe in that kind of religion.
但强者不应该信仰那种宗教。
Eugenie Scott : The Germans during World War One and the Nazis during World War II, leaned upon a scientific idea, natural selection, to support their — their particular agendas.
尤金妮·斯科特：第一次世界大战期间的德国人和第二次世界大战期间的纳粹依靠自然选择这一科学理念来支持他们的特定议程。
But that's nothing new.
但这不是什么新鲜事。
You find people using scientific ideas, warping the scientific ideas for their particular ends, from the time that science was invented I suspect.
我怀疑从科学被发明的那一刻起，你就会发现人们使用科学思想，为了他们的特定目的而扭曲科学思想。
Narrator : Bryan believed that Social Darwinism was being promoted in the very textbook John Scopes was accused of using.
旁白：布莱恩相信约翰·斯科普斯被指控使用的教科书正在宣扬社会达尔文主义。
Edward Larson : He felt that because not only did it present a Darwinian view of evolution in general, but it also contained many of the theories that most Americans found objectionable.
爱德华·拉尔森：他认为，因为它不仅总体上呈现了达尔文的进化论观点，而且还包含了许多大多数美国人认为令人反感的理论。
Narrator: Hunter's Civic Biology used evolution to justify the selective breeding of human beings.
旁白：亨特的公民生物学用进化论来证明人类选择性繁殖的合理性。
"If the poor, the insane and the handicapped were lower animals," it said, "we would probably kill them off to prevent them from spreading.
“如果穷人、疯子和残疾人是低等动物，”它说，“我们可能会杀死他们，以防止他们蔓延。
Humanity will not allow this, but we do have the remedy of separating the sexes in asylums and in various ways preventing intermarriage and the possibilities of perpetuating such a low and degenerate race."
人类不会允许这种情况发生，但我们确实有补救措施，可以在收容所中将性别分开，并以各种方式防止异族通婚，并防止这种低下和堕落的种族长期存在。”
Eugenie Scott : The textbook that Scopes used would, by today's standards, be considered erroneous — not good science.
尤金妮·斯科特：按照今天的标准，斯科普斯使用的教科书会被认为是错误的——不是好的科学。
That's because we've learned a lot more about nature, a lot more about evolution, a lot more about human variation than was known back in 1925.
这是因为，与 1925 年相比，我们对自然、进化、人类变异有了更多的了解。
Now, we would not have made those discoveries if we had decided, oh those ideas are untouchable, we can't explore them.
现在，如果我们决定，哦，这些想法是不可触及的，我们无法探索它们，我们就不会做出这些发现。
We just have to sweep them under the rug because we don't like their social implications.
我们只能把它们隐藏起来，因为我们不喜欢它们的社会影响。
Narrator : Bryan had compiled a long list of the dangers he saw in Darwin's theory.
旁白：布莱恩列出了一长串他在达尔文理论中看到的危险。
His closing argument at the Scopes trial would embrace them all.
他在斯科普斯审判中的结案陈词涵盖了所有这些观点。
It was the hottest week of the summer in East Tennessee.
这是田纳西州东部夏季最热的一周。
In the courtroom everyone noticed that only the judge had a fan.
法庭上，所有人都注意到，只有法官有一把扇子。
As the temperature crept towards 100 degrees, they all looked for a way to keep cool.
当气温逼近100度时，他们都在寻找保持凉爽的方法。
Monkey Business, Monkey Business Down in Tennessee My Lou-Lou Made me Fall I'm monkey after all...
猴子生意，猴子生意在田纳西州我的卢卢让我摔倒了我毕竟是猴子......
Narrator : Prosecuting attorney Ben McKenzie had a taxicab deliver whiskey from Chattanooga to his office in Dayton — where Clarence Darrow would join him for a drink.
旁白：检察官本·麦肯齐 (Ben McKenzie) 让一辆出租车将威士忌从查塔努加送到他位于代顿的办公室，克拉伦斯·达罗 (Clarence Darrow) 会在那里和他一起喝一杯。
Jim McKenzie, Grandson: It was more of a good time that everybody got together because they were the old school attorneys regardless of whether, what side you were on, you were still friends and you could get along.
吉姆·麦肯齐（Jim McKenzie），孙子：每个人聚在一起都是一段美好的时光，因为他们都是老派律师，无论你站在哪一边，你们仍然是朋友，你们可以相处。
And so there wasn't any animosity between Darrow and my grandfather.
所以达罗和我祖父之间没有任何敌意。
In fact they became big buddies as a result of this trial.
事实上，由于这次试验，他们成了好朋友。
Narrator : H.
讲述者：H.
L.
L。
Mencken had his own way of escaping the heat.
门肯有他自己的避暑方法。
He spent his evenings, he bragged, in an airy suite on Lookout Mountain in Chattanooga with all the comforts of home.
他吹嘘说，他晚上是在查塔努加卢考特山的一间通风的套房里度过的，享受着家一般的舒适。
Monkey Business, Monkey Business Nothing else will do Just sit and parlez-vouz, Like monkeys in the zoo.
猴子生意，猴子生意，没有别的事可以做，就像动物园里的猴子一样，坐着说话。
This baby sure did know her stuff...
这孩子果然知道她的事……
Narrator : In the hills above Dayton, John Scopes went swimming with Bryan's son, a California attorney working with the prosecution.
旁白：在代顿上方的山上，约翰·斯科普斯和布莱恩的儿子一起游泳，布莱恩的儿子是一名与检方合作的加州律师。
Scopes described Bryan Jr. as "a pleasant fellow, on the retiring side.
斯科普斯将小布莱恩描述为“一个令人愉快的小伙子，在退休方面。
I suspect that his hardest burden was being the son of a famous man."
我怀疑他最沉重的负担是成为一个名人的儿子。”
By day five the Scopes trial had stalled out.
到第五天，斯科普斯审判陷入僵局。
Attorneys for both sides pontificated endlessly on the virtues and the evils of evolution while the jury waited outside.
当陪审团在外面等待时，双方的律师都在无休止地谈论进化论的优点和缺点。
Was Darwin's theory relevant to the case?
达尔文的理论与此案相关吗？
Judge Raulston couldn't make up his mind.
劳尔斯顿法官拿不定主意。
Then came the moment everyone was waiting for.
然后到了每个人都在等待的时刻。
Bryan went on the attack.
布莱恩继续进攻。
Evolution, he argued, removes God from the act of creation and turns man into just another animal.
他认为，进化论将上帝从创造行为中剔除，将人类变成了另一种动物。
"Parents have a right," he continued, "to say that no teacher paid by their money shall rob their children of faith in God and send them back to their homes skeptics, or infidels, or agnostics, or atheists."
“父母有权利，”他继续说道，“说任何用他们的钱付钱的老师都不会剥夺孩子对上帝的信仰，并把怀疑论者、异教徒、不可知论者或无神论者送回自己的家中。”
Lawrence Levine : Do we have, he said, a scientific Soviet that rules in the schools of Tennessee?
劳伦斯·莱文：他说，我们有一个统治田纳西州学校的科学苏维埃吗？
Who are these people?
这些人是谁？
They don't belong here, they don't live here, they're not of the community.
他们不属于这里，他们不住在这里，他们不属于这个社区。
That was his issue.
那是他的问题。
Narrator : Then Bryan looked directly at Clarence Darrow.
旁白：然后布莱恩直视克拉伦斯·达罗。
Ideas can be dangerous, he said.
他说，想法可能是危险的。
Look what happened to Leopold and Loeb.
看看利奥波德和勒布发生了什么。
Just a year earlier, Darrow had defended two teenagers, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, in a sensational trial.
就在一年前，达罗在一场轰动一时的审判中为两名青少年内森·利奥波德和理查德·勒布辩护。
Kevin Tierney : They were rich, spoiled, upper-middle class kids living in Hyde Park which then was one of the most desirable of the Chicago suburbs.
凯文·蒂尔尼：他们是富有、被宠坏的中上层阶级孩子，住在海德公园，当时这里是芝加哥郊区最令人向往的地方之一。
And they committed the most horrendous abduction and then murder of a young neighbor boy by the name of Bobby Franks.
他们犯下了最可怕的绑架事件，然后又谋杀了一位名叫鲍比·弗兰克斯的邻居男孩。
Narrator : It was a vicious crime with no real motive.
旁白：这是一起没有真正动机的恶性犯罪。
Darrow knew his clients would be convicted.
达罗知道他的客户会被定罪。
His goal was to save them from the death penalty.
他的目标是使他们免于死刑。
Phillip Johnson: Darrow used his usual line of argument in behalf of Loeb and Leopold.
菲利普·约翰逊：达罗用了他惯常的论点来代表勒布和利奥波德。
It wasn't their fault, nature made them do it, evolution made them do it, Nietzsche made them do it.
这不是他们的错，自然让他们这么做，进化让他们这么做，尼采让他们这么做。
They had read Nietzsche as students at the University of Chicago and his nihilistic ideas caused them to commit the murder of a neighborhood child, and so therefore they at least should not be sentenced to death for it.
他们在芝加哥大学读书时读过尼采的著作，尼采的虚无主义思想导致他们谋杀了邻居的孩子，因此他们至少不应该因此被判处死刑。
Narrator : Darrow based his closing argument on his own passionate convictions.
旁白：达罗的结案陈词基于他自己充满激情的信念。
Human beings are shaped by forces beyond their control.
人类被无法控制的力量所塑造。
Heredity.
遗传。
Environment.
环境。
Chance.
机会。
Free will doesn't exist.
自由意志不存在。
He saved his clients from the death penalty.
他使他的客户免于死刑。
Paul Boyer : And Bryan in Dayton was able to say, "Look, Clarence Darrow in the Loeb-Leopold case himself showed and argued for the terrible social and moral implications of abandoning God, of abandoning traditional religion, of embracing a kind of godless view of the natural order."
保罗·博耶：代顿的布莱恩能够说，“看，克拉伦斯·达罗在勒布-利奥波德案中亲自展示并论证了放弃上帝、放弃传统宗教、接受一种无神论的自然秩序观所带来的可怕的社会和道德影响。”
Lawrence Levine : "Whose fault is it?
劳伦斯·莱文：“这是谁的错？
Is it this young Leopold boy's fault?
是这个年轻的利奥波德男孩的错吗？
A young teenage college student?
一个年轻的十几岁的大学生？
Or is it the fault of the professors who assigned him Nietzsche to read?"
还是教授们指派他读尼采的错？”
Darrow jumped up and said, "I never said any such thing." And Bryan had the transcript of the trial on his knees and quoted Darrow.
达罗跳起来说：“我从来没有说过这样的话。”布莱恩膝盖上放着审判笔录，并引用了达罗的话。
Narrator : But Darrow would have the last word.
旁白：但达罗拥有最终决定权。
Taking the transcript from Bryan, he quoted from the rest of his own speech:
布莱恩拿着笔录，引用了他自己演讲的其余部分：
"I do not believe that the universities are to blame.
“我不认为大学应该受到指责。
I do not think they should be held responsible.
我认为他们不应该承担责任。
You cannot destroy thought because some brain may be deranged by thought."
你不能摧毁思想，因为有些大脑可能会被思想搞乱。”
After listening to days of heated argument, Judge Raulston made his decision.
在听取了几天的激烈争论后，劳尔斯顿法官做出了决定。
Darrow's scientists would not be allowed to testify.
达罗的科学家不被允许作证。
The defense would be denied the chance to present the case for evolution to the jury.
辩方将被剥夺向陪审团陈述进化论理由的机会。
Ben McKenzie, Dayton, Tennessee : I think Judge Raulston succumbed to the pressure of where he was at.
本·麦肯齐，田纳西州代顿：我认为劳尔斯顿法官屈服于他所处的压力。
He knew, of course, he had to be elected.
他当然知道，他必须当选。
He knew that he was in the Bible Belt and he knew he needed to side with the Christian Movement because they were the big followers and of course the — the infidels, as the defendants were called sometimes, would not get him any votes.
他知道他身处圣经带，他知道他需要站在基督教运动一边，因为他们是大追随者，当然，异教徒（被告有时被称为异教徒）不会为他赢得任何选票。
Phillip Johnson : The judge didn't allow the scientific experts to testify but that wasn't bias.
菲利普·约翰逊：法官不允许科学专家作证，但这不是偏见。
That was his understanding of the law.
这就是他对法律的理解。
And so he thought that the only real question was whether the teacher had violated the law.
因此他认为唯一真正的问题是老师是否违反了法律。
Now in that sense what was really inappropriate about that ruling was that it was contrary to the basic point of this trial, which was to have a public debate.
从这个意义上说，这项裁决真正不恰当的地方在于，它违背了本次审判的基本点，即进行公开辩论。
Kevin Tierney : And of course that upset the apple cart from Darrow's point of view.
凯文·蒂尔尼：当然，从达罗的角度来看，这打乱了苹果车。
Narrator : "Darrow had come to Dayton to confront Bryan," said John Scopes.
旁白：“达罗来到代顿是为了与布莱恩对峙，”约翰·斯科普斯说。
"Now it seemed he would be denied the pleasure of courtroom combat."
“现在看来他将无法享受法庭战斗的乐趣了。”
There would be no more testimony — no more debate.
不会有更多的证词——不会有更多的辩论。
Even John Butler, the man who had crafted the law, was becoming frustrated.
就连法律的制定者约翰·巴特勒也变得沮丧起来。
"The judge ought to give 'em a chance to tell what evolution is," he said.
“法官应该给他们一个机会来讲述什么是进化，”他说。
"Course we got 'em licked anyhow, but I believe in being fair and square and American.
“当然，我们无论如何都被他们打败了，但我相信公平、公正和美国人。
Besides, I'd like to know what evolution is myself!"
另外，我自己也想知道什么是进化！”
H.
H.
L.
L。
Mencken sent his last story to the Baltimore Sun: "All that remains of the great cause of the State of Tennessee against the infidel Scopes," he wrote, "is the formal business of bumping off the defendant."
门肯将他的最后一篇报道发给了《巴尔的摩太阳报》：“田纳西州反对异教徒斯科普斯的伟大事业所剩下的一切，”他写道，“就是赶走被告的正式事务。”
Believing the trial was over, most of the reporters left town.
大多数记者相信审判已经结束，因此离开了城镇。
You Can't Make a Monkey Out of Me (Folk Song)
你不能把我变成猴子（民歌）
You can't make a monkey out of me, oh no You can't make a monkey out of me, no,no I am human through and through All my aunts and uncles too And you can't make a monkey out of me.
你不能把我变成猴子，哦，不，你不能把我变成猴子，不，不，我是彻头彻尾的人类，我所有的阿姨和叔叔也是，你不能把我变成猴子。
No, you can't make me out of a monkey.
不，你不能把我变成猴子。
Narrator : Monday, July 20th.
旁白：7 月 20 日星期一。
The day began so hot and humid that Judge Raulston reconvened court outside under the trees.
这一天开始又热又湿，劳尔斯顿法官在外面的树下重新开庭。
And then, while a crowd gathered, Darrow and the defense team called a surprise witness.
然后，当人群聚集在一起时，达罗和辩护团队传唤了一名出人意料的证人。
If Judge Raulston refused to permit an expert on evolution to testify, perhaps he would allow an expert on the Bible.
如果劳尔斯顿法官拒绝允许进化论专家作证，也许他会允许圣经专家作证。
William Jennings Bryan.
威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩。
Phillip Johnson : The idea of the defense lawyer calling the chief prosecutor as a witness is absurd.
菲利普·约翰逊：辩护律师传唤首席检察官作为证人的想法是荒谬的。
It's a totally inappropriate role for an advocate to play.
对于倡导者来说，这是一个完全不合适的角色。
And the judge realized this.
法官意识到了这一点。
He thought it was crazy.
他认为这太疯狂了。
The other prosecutors thought it was crazy, but Bryan thought it was an opportunity to have the debate to make his case.
其他检察官认为这很疯狂，但布莱恩认为这是一个进行辩论以证明自己观点的机会。
Lawrence Levine : He knew what Darrow was going to do.
劳伦斯·莱文：他知道达罗要做什么。
Darrow was going to try to ridicule his religious beliefs and he was not going to allow that.
达罗试图嘲笑他的宗教信仰，但他不会允许这样做。
Narrator : Against everyone's advice, Bryan took the witness stand.
旁白：布莱恩不顾所有人的反对，走上了证人席。
The crowd swelled to almost two thousand people.
人群激增至近两千人。
Eloise Reed : The courtyard was packed.
Eloise Reed：院子里挤满了人。
There were not enough seats to hold all of the people and they were standing around.
没有足够的座位容纳所有的人，他们都站着。
The benches had been set up all in front of the stand so we had a seat right in front of Darrow and Bryan.
长凳都设置在看台前面，所以我们的座位就在达罗和布莱恩的前面。
And I was all set to hear the great trial going on.
我已经准备好听到伟大的审判正在进行了。
Narrator : Darrow began with a simple question.
旁白：达罗以一个简单的问题开始。
"You have given considerable study to the Bible, haven't you, Mr. Bryan?"
“你对圣经进行了大量的研究，不是吗，布莱恩先生？”
"Do you claim that everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted?"
“你是否声称圣经中的所有内容都应该按字面解释？”
Bryan replied that some parts of the Bible should be taken literally, others symbolically.
布莱恩回答说，圣经的某些部分应该按字面意思理解，而另一些部分则应按象征意义理解。
Eloise Reed : William Jennings Bryan was sitting there with a big palm fan and a handkerchief in his hand.
埃洛伊斯·里德：威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩坐在那里，手里拿着一把大扇子，手里拿着一块手帕。
Darrow is in his shirtsleeves with red suspenders, which he wore.
达罗穿着衬衫和红色背带。
He jumped up right in front of him, took hold of his red suspenders and flipped them, and said, "Do you really believe that that whale swallowed Jonah?"
他跳到他面前，抓住自己的红色背带，一翻，说道：“你真的相信那条鲸鱼吞下了约拿吗？”
Narrator : "I believe it," said Bryan, "and I believe in a God who can make a whale and can make a man and make both do what He pleases."
旁白：“我相信，”布莱恩说，“我相信有一位上帝，他可以创造鲸鱼，也可以创造人，并且可以让两者做他喜欢做的事。”
Edward Larson : "Did Joshua lengthen the day by making the sun or the earth stand still?" "Did God make Eve out of Adam's rib?"
爱德华·拉尔森：“约书亚是否通过让太阳或地球静止来延长白天？” “上帝用亚当的肋骨创造了夏娃吗？”
Now these are questions the typical village atheist questions that Clarence Darrow's father had used a half century ago.
这些问题是克拉伦斯·达罗的父亲半个世纪前使用过的典型乡村无神论者问题。
Indeed, Clarence Darrow had asked them in an open letter to William Jennings Bryan two years before and William Jennings Bryan knew enough then not to answer them.
事实上，克拉伦斯·达罗在两年前写给威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩的公开信中曾问过他们，而威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩当时就很清楚，没有回答他们。
Narrator : Now it was too late.
旁白：现在已经太晚了。
Under Darrow's rapid-fire assault Bryan retreated into simple answers and jokes.
在达罗的快速攻击下，布莱恩只能简单地回答和开玩笑。
"Mr. Bryan, do you believe that the first woman was Eve?"
“布莱恩先生，你相信第一个女人是夏娃吗？”
"Do you believe she was literally made out of Adam's rib?
“你相信她真的是用亚当的肋骨制成的吗？
"Did you ever discover where Cain got his wife?''
“你有没有发现该隐从哪里找到了他的妻子？”
"No, sir.
“不，先生。
I leave you agnostics to hunt for her."
我让你们这些不可知论者去寻找她。”
Paul Boyer : It is fascinating to read the transcript of the trial.
Paul Boyer：阅读审判记录很有趣。
Bryan had the local audience very much in the palm of his hand.
布莱恩非常掌控当地观众。
Time and again in the transcript when Bryan responds to one of Darrow's questions, the person who was recording the events would write "applause...laughter'" over and over again.
在记录中，当布莱恩回答达罗的一个问题时，记录事件的人会一遍又一遍地写下“掌声……笑声”。
Bryan was their champion and they were egging him on.
布莱恩是他们的冠军，他们怂恿他。
It was very much like a sporting event.
这很像一场体育赛事。
You know, cheering your hero.
你知道，为你的英雄欢呼。
And I think Bryan won the local battle overwhelmingly.
我认为布莱恩以压倒性优势赢得了当地的战斗。
Darrow of course understood that the real battle was being fought out nationwide, and he was playing to a larger audience.
达罗当然明白，真正的战斗正在全国范围内展开，而他正在向更多的观众表演。
Kevin Tierney : Darrow was always much more interested in discrediting Bryan than replacing Bryan's view by his own.
凯文·蒂尔尼：达罗总是对诋毁布莱恩更感兴趣，而不是用自己的观点取代布莱恩的观点。
He could tear down things, he couldn't build them.
他可以拆毁东西，却无法建造它们。
Narrator : Prosecutor Tom Stewart desperately tried to stop the interrogation, but Darrow pressed on.
旁白：检察官汤姆·斯图尔特拼命试图阻止审讯，但达罗继续坚持。
"Mr. Bryan, do you think the earth was created in six days?"
“布莱恩先生，你认为地球是在六天内创造出来的吗？”
"No, Sir.
“不，先生。
Not six days of twenty-four hours."
不是六天二十四小时。”
"The creation might have been going on for a very long time?"
“创造可能已经持续了很长一段时间？”
"Yes, Mr. Darrow.
“是的，达罗先生。
It might have continued for millions of years."
它可能持续了数百万年。”
Ronald Numbers : And finally at one point Bryan said, "It doesn't make any difference to us whether God created the world in six days, six years, six million years, or even six hundred million years."
罗纳德·数字：布莱恩最后有一次说：“上帝是否在六天、六年、六百万年，甚至六亿年之内创造了世界，对我们来说没有任何区别。”
Edward Larson : Well, that played right into the defense's hand because they said, "Well if you can interpret those things in the Bible, why can't we interpret the story of the creation of humans in an evolutionary sense?"
爱德华·拉尔森：嗯，这对辩方来说是有利的，因为他们说，“如果你能解释圣经中的那些东西，为什么我们不能从进化的意义上解释人类创造的故事呢？”
Narrator : By now the defendant in the trial had been forgotten.
旁白：现在审判中的被告已经被遗忘了。
John Scopes was in the audience filing a story for a reporter who had left town.
约翰·斯科普斯正在观众席上为一位离开小镇的记者报道一篇报道。
He thought that Darrow was making a fool of Bryan.
他认为达罗在愚弄布莱恩。
The crowd was growing impatient.
众人越来越不耐烦了。
Eloise Reed : He just kept pushing him and pushing him.
Eloise Reed：他只是不断地推他。
You know I wanted to get up off of that bench and go up there and kick him.
你知道我想从那张长凳上站起来，上去踢他。
It was just, I imagine people out there in the audience felt the same way to make him hush.
只是，我想观众席上的人也有同样的感觉，让他闭嘴。
The thing was, he was attacking the Bible.
问题是，他在攻击圣经。
Finally the judge said to him, "Well, what do you mean.
最后法官对他说：“好吧，你的意思是什么？
You are harassing your own witness.
你在骚扰你自己的证人。
What you are asking him has nothing to do with the issue of this trial.
你问他的问题与本次审判的问题无关。
We want you to put a stop to it."
我们希望你阻止它。”
Narrator : Bryan pounded his fist, refusing to step down.
旁白：布莱恩捶着拳头，不肯下台。
"The only purpose Mr. Darrow has," he said, "is to slur at the Bible!"
“达罗先生的唯一目的，”他说，“就是诽谤圣经！”
"I object," Darrow shot back.
“我反对，”达罗反驳道。
"I am examining your fool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes!"
“我正在研究你的愚蠢想法，地球上没有聪明的基督徒会相信这些想法！”
John Williams : The radio audience in Chicago is able to hear William Jennings Bryan stand up near the microphone and he did speak to the microphone.
约翰·威廉姆斯：芝加哥的广播听众能够听到威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩站在麦克风附近，并且他确实对着麦克风讲话。
And he said that he was going to defend the Word of God against the greatest agnostic and atheist in the United States.
他说他将捍卫上帝的话语，反对美国最伟大的不可知论者和无神论者。
Narrator : Suddenly, it was over.
旁白：突然就结束了。
Judge Raulston announced that court would adjourn until 9 o'clock the next morning.
劳尔斯顿法官宣布法庭休庭至第二天上午 9 点。
Slowly, the crowd dispersed.
慢慢地，人群散去。
The media spin began at once.
媒体的炒作立刻开始了。
The national press announced that Clarence Darrow had exposed Bryan's "mindless" belief in Biblical scripture.
全国媒体宣布克拉伦斯·达罗揭露了布莱恩对圣经经文的“盲目”信仰。
But southerners called Darrow's inquisition "a thing of immense cruelty."
但南方人称达罗的审判是“极其残酷的事情”。
Paul Boyer : As so often happens, the issues of the trial which were already extremely simplified and extremely black and white were even further simplified as the media reported the trial and reported this final debate.
保罗·博耶：正如经常发生的那样，随着媒体对审判的报道和最后的辩论的报道，审判中原本已经极其简单化、极其黑白分明的问题变得更加简单化。
The media likes winners and losers and the general media saw this very much as Darrow's triumph and Bryan's humiliation.
媒体喜欢胜利者和失败者，一般媒体认为这是达罗的胜利和布莱恩的耻辱。
Narrator : On the eighth day of the trial, it was time for prosecution and defense to deliver their closing arguments.
旁白：庭审第八天，控辩双方进行结案陈词。
Darrow played one last trick on Bryan.
达罗对布莱恩玩了最后一招。
He waived his own right to a closing argument.
他放弃了自己进行结案陈词的权利。
By law Bryan would not be allowed to deliver his own final address.
根据法律规定，布莱恩不得发表自己的最终讲话。
The world would never hear the anti-evolution speech he had been working on since the trial began.
世界永远不会听到他自审判开始以来一直在进行的反进化论演讲。
It would not be published until later that year.
直到当年晚些时候它才出版。
Edward Larson: It is considered one of Bryan's best speeches.
爱德华·拉尔森：这被认为是布莱恩最好的演讲之一。
As he lays out the scientific case against the theory of evolution and the social indictment of Darwinism.
他提出了反对进化论的科学案例和对达尔文主义的社会控诉。
Narrator : Judge Raulston charged the jury with deciding whether John Scopes had indeed violated the law — had he taught evolution in a Tennessee classroom?
旁白：劳尔斯顿法官要求陪审团决定约翰·斯科普斯是否确实违法——他是否在田纳西州的教室里教授过进化论？
After just nine minutes of deliberation the jury declared that he had.
经过仅仅九分钟的审议后，陪审团宣布他做到了。
Then the defendant himself spoke for the first time.
随后被告本人首次发言。
"Your honor," Scopes said.
“法官大人，”斯科普斯说道。
"I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute.
“我觉得我因违反不公正的法规而被定罪。
I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can."
今后我将继续像过去一样，尽我所能反对这项法律。”
Bryan had won the case, but when he spoke to the press he sounded less than triumphant.
布莱恩赢得了这场官司，但当他向媒体发表讲话时，他听起来并不那么得意。
"Someday," he told them, "this issue will be settled right."
“总有一天，”他告诉他们，“这个问题将会得到正确解决。”
History would not look kindly on Bryan's last crusade.
历史不会善待布莱恩的最后一次十字军东征。
The Scopes trial would cast a shadow over everything he had achieved.
斯科普斯的审判给他所取得的一切成就蒙上了阴影。
The monkey trial was over.
猴子审判结束了。
Most of the attorneys left town.
大多数律师离开了城镇。
The spectators returned to their homes in the hills and the valleys of Tennessee.
观众们回到田纳西州山区和山谷的家中。
William Jennings Bryan stayed in Dayton, attending church and driving hundreds of miles to speak to his supporters in the hot July sun.
威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩留在代顿，去教堂做礼拜，并在七月炎热的阳光下驱车数百英里向他的支持者发表讲话。
On Sunday, July 26th, Bryan attended morning church service in Dayton.
7 月 26 日星期日，布莱恩参加了代顿的早间教堂礼拜。
Later that day he lay down for a nap and never woke up.
那天晚些时候，他躺下小睡了一会儿，就再也没有醒来。
Eloise Reed : Well, that was about mid-afternoon on Sunday and it didn't take long for word to spread all over town.
埃洛伊丝·里德：嗯，那是周日下午左右，消息很快就传遍了全城。
And when we got the news we were just crushed.
当我们得知这个消息时，我们简直崩溃了。
And you know, many tears were shed, as if he were somebody in the family.
你知道，他流下了很多眼泪，就好像他是家里的一个人一样。
Listen now all you good people And a story I will tell About a man named Mr. Bryan A man that we all loved so well...
现在听着，你们所有的好人，我要讲一个关于一个名叫布莱恩先生的人的故事，一个我们都深爱的人......
Edward Larson : He was carried by a special train and thousands of people lined the tracks to watch it go by.
爱德华·拉尔森（Edward Larson）：他被一列特殊的火车运载着，成千上万的人站在铁轨旁观看火车经过。
His pallbearers were all United States Senators as his body was laid to rest.
当他的遗体安息时，他的护柩者都是美国参议员。
Narrator : In a pouring rain on July 31st, 1925, William Jennings Bryan was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
旁白：1925年7月31日，在一场倾盆大雨中，威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩被安葬在华盛顿特区的阿灵顿国家公墓。
Then the Lord called him to heaven For his work on earth was done.
然后主呼召他到天上，因为他在地上的工作已经完成了。
Edward Larson : Now, for many people he was a hero.
爱德华·拉尔森：现在，对很多人来说他是英雄。
For many people he was a villain.
对于很多人来说，他是一个恶棍。
When H.
当H.
L.
L。
Mencken heard about it, his first reaction was, "We killed the son of a bitch."
门肯听说后，第一反应是：“我们杀了这个王八蛋。”
But his public reaction was that God had taken a thunderbolt and threw it down to kill Clarence Darrow but missed and hit Bryan instead.
但他的公开反应是，上帝用一道雷电扔下来杀死克拉伦斯·达罗，但没有击中，反而击中了布莱恩。
Paul Boyer : I think people responded to Bryan's death very much in terms of how they had viewed the significance of the trial.
保罗·博耶：我认为人们对布莱恩之死的反应很大程度上是因为他们如何看待这次审判的意义。
Bryan's era is now over.
布莱恩的时代已经结束了。
This man who had loomed so large in the American political and cultural landscape for thirty years had now passed from the scene.
这个三十年来在美国政治和文化版图中赫赫有名的人现在已经从舞台上消失了。
Narrator : Two years after the Monkey trial Clarence Darrow and the ACLU challenged the anti-evolution law before the Tennessee Supreme Court.
旁白：猴子案审判两年后，克拉伦斯·达罗和美国公民自由联盟向田纳西州最高法院质疑反进化论法。
For Darrow it was a mixed victory.
对于达罗来说，这是一场好坏参半的胜利。
The court overturned John Scopes' conviction on a technicality, but it allowed the Butler Law to remain on the books.
法院在技术细节上推翻了约翰·斯科普斯的定罪，但允许巴特勒法保留在案中。
Edward Larson : But they didn't leave it there.
爱德华·拉尔森：但他们并没有把它留在那里。
They also directed that to save the peace and dignity of Tennessee that no prosecutor should ever bring an indictment under the anti-evolution statute again.
他们还指示，为了拯救田纳西州的和平与尊严，任何检察官都不应再次根据反进化论法规提出起诉。
And so while the law was technically upheld, it became a purely symbolic act.
因此，虽然该法律在技术上得到了维护，但它变成了纯粹的象征性行为。
Narrator : Over the next sixty years, new laws restricting the teaching of evolution were passed by several states.
旁白：在接下来的六十年里，几个州通过了限制进化论教学的新法律。
One by one the courts overturned them, including the law in Tennessee.
法院一一推翻了它们，包括田纳西州的法律。
Clarence Darrow received an avalanche of mail about the monkey trial.
克拉伦斯·达罗收到了大量有关猴子试验的邮件。
The letters kept coming for years.
多年来，信件不断不断。
"Many people," he said, "had the evident mission of saving my soul from destruction."
“很多人，”他说，“都有着拯救我的灵魂免遭毁灭的明显使命。”
Darrow continued to try high profile cases into his 70s.
达罗在 70 多岁时继续审理备受瞩目的案件。
He died in 1938 at the age of 81.
他于 1938 年去世，享年 81 岁。
At his request, friends scattered his ashes over a bridge in Chicago's Jackson Park.
应他的要求，朋友们将他的骨灰撒在芝加哥杰克逊公园的一座桥上。
Kevin Tierney : He's an interesting historical character because he has no successor.
凯文·蒂尔尼：他是一个有趣的历史人物，因为他没有继任者。
And do you know, in a way that's a great tribute to anybody in history when you've literally got no successor as — as Darrow does not have.
你知道吗，在某种程度上，这是对历史上任何人的巨大致敬，因为你实际上没有继任者——达罗没有。
There are no substitutes for Clarence Darrow!
克拉伦斯·达罗无可替代！
Narrator : John Scopes left Dayton soon after the trial, got a degree in geology and took a job as a petroleum engineer in Venezuela where no one had ever heard of him.
旁白：约翰·斯科普斯在审判后不久就离开了代顿，获得了地质学学位，并在委内瑞拉找到了一份石油工程师的工作，但那里没有人听说过他。
In his autobiography, Scopes confessed that he always felt uncomfortable as the defendant in the monkey trial because he didn't remember actually teaching evolution.
斯科普斯在自传中承认，作为猴子审判中的被告，他总是感到不舒服，因为他不记得实际上教授过进化论。
In 1960, John Scopes returned to Dayton, Tennessee for the first time in 35 years.
1960 年，约翰·斯科普斯 35 年来首次返回田纳西州代顿。
He came for the anniversary of the monkey trial — and the premiere of a Hollywood film it had inspired, Inherit the Wind.
他来这里是为了纪念猴子审判的周年纪念日，以及受该审判启发的好莱坞电影《继承风》的首映式。
The film's director, Stanley Kramer, invited the whole town of Dayton to see the movie at a local drive-in.
这部电影的导演斯坦利·克莱默邀请整个代顿镇的人到当地的一家汽车电影院观看这部电影。
Give me that old time religion Give me that old time religion Give me that old time religion It's good enough for me.
给我那个古老的宗教给我那个古老的宗教给我那个古老的宗教这对我来说已经足够了。
Eloise Reed : There were those who felt shamed about the notoriety that the town got.
埃洛伊斯·里德：有些人对这个小镇的恶名感到羞耻。
I have never felt that way about it myself.
我自己从来没有这样的感觉。
We were the town, the little town that we were.
我们就是这座城镇，我们就是一座小镇。
We were not what we were portrayed to be.
我们并不是被描绘的那样。
"Glory, Glory Hallelujah Glory, Glory Hallelujah His truth is marching on...
“荣耀，荣耀，哈利路亚，荣耀，荣耀，哈利路亚，他的真理正在前进......
We'll hang Bert Cates to a sour apple tree We'll hang Bert Cates to a sour apple tree We'll hang Bert Cates to a sour apple tree..."
我们将把伯特·凯茨吊在一棵酸苹果树上 我们将把伯特·凯茨吊在一棵酸苹果树上 我们将把伯特·凯茨吊在一棵酸苹果树上......”
Narrator : After the premiere, producer-director Stanley Kramer attended a party hosted by Eloise Reed.
旁白：首映后，制片人兼导演斯坦利·克莱默参加了埃洛伊斯·里德举办的派对。
Eloise Reed : Kramer, the producer came over and sat down beside me, and said, "What did you think of the film?" And I said, "I didn't like it.
埃洛伊丝·里德：克莱默，制片人过来坐在我旁边，说：“你觉得这部电影怎么样？”我说：“我不喜欢它。
I thought it was awful." And he said, "What do you mean?
我觉得这太糟糕了。”他说：“你什么意思？
What did you not like about it?" I said, "It wasn't like that at all."
你有什么不喜欢的？”我说：“根本不是那样的。”
Narrator : The trial did put Dayton on the map.
旁白：这次审判确实让代顿名声大噪。
People came from all over the world to see the courthouse where the Scopes trial took place.
人们从世界各地赶来参观进行斯科普斯审判的法院。
Five years after the trial, in memory of William Jennings Bryan, a fundamentalist college opened in Dayton.
审判五年后，为了纪念威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩，一所原教旨主义学院在代顿成立。
Edward Larson: Fundamentalism did not die in Dayton.
爱德华·拉尔森：原教旨主义并没有在代顿消亡。
We all know that today because it's very much alive now.
今天我们都知道这一点，因为它现在非常活跃。
They built their own colleges, such as Bryan College right in Dayton, Tennessee and formed their own religious denominations that the elites in America didn't even notice.
他们建立了自己的大学，例如位于田纳西州代顿的布莱恩学院，并形成了自己的宗教教派，而美国的精英们甚至没有注意到。
Phillip Johnson : I'm on the religious side myself as a believer in divine creation but on the other hand many errors come out of our camp as well as out of the other one.
菲利普·约翰逊：作为神圣创造的信徒，我本人站在宗教一边，但另一方面，许多错误既来自我们的阵营，也来自另一个阵营。
And it's good that they should be challenged.
他们受到挑战是件好事。
So I think the clash of these ideas, as long as the debate is open and honest, is all to the good.
所以我认为，只要辩论是公开和诚实的，这些想法的冲突都是好的。
Eugenie Scott : I'm hoping that it won't take three hundred years before all Christians can decide that its okay for evolution to take place through natural selection or through other means and still find that compatible with their faith.
尤金妮·斯科特：我希望不用三百年，所有基督徒就能决定进化可以通过自然选择或其他方式发生，并且仍然发现这与他们的信仰相一致。
Eloise Reed : The question was not solved — it will never be solved.
埃洛伊丝·里德：这个问题没有得到解决——它永远不会得到解决。
Everyone in this world is involved, every living human being in the answer to that issue.
这个世界上的每个人都参与其中，每个活着的人都参与到这个问题的答案中。
In 1999, Stephen E.
1999 年，斯蒂芬 E.
Lucas surveyed his peers to compile a list of the top 100 American speeches of the twentieth century.
卢卡斯对他的同行进行了调查，编制了一份 20 世纪美国 100 首最佳演讲的清单。
Here he discusses good speechmaking, and the speaking skills of William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow.
在这里，他讨论了良好的演讲，以及威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩和克拉伦斯·达罗的演讲技巧。
Peggy Noonan is a former television writer and presidential speechwriter.
佩吉·努南 (Peggy Noonan) 是一位前电视作家和总统演讲撰稿人。
The speeches she wrote for President Ronald Reagan were widely admired for their effectiveness.
她为罗纳德·里根总统撰写的演讲因其有效性而受到广泛赞赏。
A timeline of relevent events that occured during the monkey trail.
猴子追踪期间发生的相关事件的时间线。
When the state of Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach Darwin's theory of evolution in public schools, Roger Baldwin saw it as an opportunity and became executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union, a fledgling organization devoted to individual rights.
当田纳西州通过一项法律，规定在公立学校教授达尔文进化论是犯罪行为时，罗杰·鲍德温将其视为一个机会，并成为美国公民自由联盟的执行董事，这是一个致力于个人权利的新兴组织。
William Jennings Bryan stepped off the train at Dayton in July of 1925, ready to fight for a "righteous cause."
1925 年 7 月，威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩 (William Jennings Bryan) 在代顿走下火车，准备为“正义事业”而战。
In 1925, when he volunteered to defend John Scopes' right to teach evolution, Clarence Darrow had already reached the top of his profession.
1925年，当克拉伦斯·达罗自愿捍卫约翰·斯科普斯教授进化论的权利时，他已经达到了职业生涯的顶峰。
Though he couldn't remember actually teaching Darwin's theory, John Scopes believed in evolution and agreed to the plan.
尽管约翰·斯科普斯不记得实际教授过达尔文的理论，但他相信进化论并同意这个计划。
Nestled in the Tennessee River valley, Dayton was only a village of 200 in 1880.
代顿坐落在田纳西河谷，1880 年时还只是一个只有 200 人的村庄。
By the turn of the century the town was fueled by both industry and agriculture as the Southern Railway line came through, bringing the coal and iron jobs.
到了世纪之交，随着南方铁路线的开通，带来了煤炭和钢铁就业机会，该镇的工业和农业得到了发展。
It began over cokes and phosphates in a drugstore in Dayton, Tennessee.
它始于田纳西州代顿市一家药店的可乐和磷酸盐。
A little scheme to boost the local economy exploded into the trial of the century.
一个提振当地经济的小计划突然变成了世纪审判。
American fundamentalism and the social gospel are two distinct religious movements with radically different goals.
美国原教旨主义和社会福音是两个不同的宗教运动，有着截然不同的目标。
The Scopes trial was a signature event of the Jazz Age.
斯科普斯审判是爵士乐时代的标志性事件。
It had that "ballyhoo" spirit so typical of the 1920s.
它具有 20 年代典型的“大肆宣扬”精神。
In the Leopold and Loeb trial of 1924, attorney Clarence Darrow achieved what many thought impossible.
在 1924 年利奥波德和勒布案的审判中，律师克拉伦斯·达罗实现了许多人认为不可能的目标。
He saved the lives of two cold-blooded child-killers with the power of a speech.
他以演讲的力量拯救了两名冷血儿童杀手的生命。