Citizen King

Christmas will be sad for us.

圣诞节对我们来说将是悲伤的。

As it will be for many people I think this year.

我想今年对很多人来说也是如此。

But I think that it doesn't mean that we will sit around and bathe in our grief.

但我认为这并不意味着我们会坐视不理，沉浸在悲伤之中。

I think that, very often, a time like this causes people to really reflect on the deeper meaning of say, Christmas or any other occasion.

我认为，很多时候，这样的时刻会让人们真正反思圣诞节或任何其他场合的深层含义。

I remember Easter of 1963, when my husband was jailed in Birmingham.

我记得 1963 年的复活节，当时我的丈夫在伯明翰被监禁。

I had just had my fourth child and was still confined to my house.

我刚刚生了第四个孩子，仍然被限制在家里。

And he had gone to jail on Good Friday.

他在耶稣受难日入狱了。

And I was very depressed.

我非常沮丧。

But somehow that was the most meaningful Easter that I have ever experienced because, you know, Easter is a time of suffering.

但不知何故，这是我经历过的最有意义的复活节，因为，你知道，复活节是一个痛苦的时期。

But it's creative...you know, it can be creative suffering.

但这是创造性的……你知道，这可能是创造性的痛苦。

And I think if we think in terms of my husband's life and his death in those terms, then we will not be as sad.

我想，如果我们从这些方面来思考我丈夫的生和他的死，那么我们就不会那么悲伤了。

We will be hopeful, because in his death there is hope for redemption.

我们会充满希望，因为他的死有救赎的希望。

He said, "Now y'all think they gon' get me.

他说：“现在你们都认为他们会抓到我。

But all y'all gon' be out there jumping in front of the camera," and he said, "the bullet might be aimed for me but one of y'all going to get it." He said, "But don't worry," he said, "I will preach the best funeral you ever had." And then he'd start preaching your funeral, "Andy Young...

但你们所有人都会在镜头前跳来跳去，”他说，“子弹可能是瞄准我的，但你们都会中弹。”他说，“但是别担心，”他说，“我会为你举办一场最好的葬礼。”然后他开始在你的葬礼上宣讲，“安迪·杨......

was a fine young man." (laughs) "But he thought that he had to have all of the ladies liking him." And he'd crack on ya,' but he pressed right on.

是一个优秀的年轻人。” （笑）“但他认为他必须让所有女士都喜欢他。”他会攻击你，”但他继续坚持。

There was an elaborate day-to-day, almost, plan for how Birmingham was going to take the fire.

关于伯明翰如何应对火灾，几乎每天都有一个详尽的计划。

The demonstrations were going to build and the black people of Birmingham were going to be inspired and that it was going to spread and that the fact that it spread was going to force the press to pay attention, which would force the government, that is the national government in Washington to move and act.

示威活动将会兴起，伯明翰的黑人将会受到鼓舞，示威活动将会蔓延，而示威活动的蔓延将迫使媒体关注，这将迫使政府，即华盛顿的国家政府采取行动和采取行动。

Well, that wasn't working.

嗯，那不起作用。

(laughs) The number of people involved in the demonstrations was dwindling rather than growing.

（笑）参与示威的人数非但没有增加，反而减少了。

And Dr. King had to decide whether he was going to follow the law, or whether he was going to disobey the law.

金博士必须决定他是否要遵守法律，或者是否要违反法律。

The black business community came to visit us at the Gaston Motel and they were saying to Dr. King that Birmingham was just too tough and everybody made the case for calling the Movement off.

黑人商界来到加斯顿汽车旅馆拜访我们，他们对金博士说，伯明翰太严厉了，每个人都提出了取消运动的理由。

A lot of the energy in the room, a lot of that was this energy of wrestling.

房间里有很多能量，其中很多都是摔跤的能量。

What should he do, what should he do...ah, about the situation there.

他该怎么办，他该怎么办……啊，那边的情况。

There was a lot of doubt, there was a lot of I told you so, in the room.

房间里有很多疑问，我告诉过你很多。

And the question is well, what can we do?

问题是，我们能做什么？

At one point, Martin simply gets up and leaves the conversation and walks away into his bedroom...

有一次，马丁只是站起来，结束了谈话，走进了他的卧室……

One of the things that we have to remember is that this is a room full of preachers, and this is Easter weekend.

我们必须记住的一件事是，这是一个充满传教士的房间，而且这是复活节周末。

And that is a big time.

这是一个重要的时刻。

And if you've got a church, you've got to be there on Easter, and he's sitting there talking to them saying we've got to do something this weekend that means that we may not be able to be in our church.

如果你有教堂，你就必须在复活节去那里，而他坐在那里对他们说话，说我们这个周末必须做一些事情，这意味着我们可能无法去教堂。

And the tension and the opposition from people like his father was there saying you gotta come home to Ebenezer.

来自像他父亲这样的人的紧张和反对让你必须回到埃比尼泽的家。

That's where we belong on Easter.

那就是我们复活节的归属地。

And he's saying we need to do something dramatic instead.

他说我们需要做一些戏剧性的事情。

And he retreated to a room saying I have to pray over this and when the door to the room opened, Dr. King comes out in blue jeans.

他退回到一个房间，说我必须为此祈祷，当房间的门打开时，金博士穿着蓝色牛仔裤走了出来。

And the fact that he came out in blue jeans is announcing I'm not going to the service with the flowers, and the anthems, and the great choirs on Easter.

他穿着蓝色牛仔裤出来的事实是在宣布我不会去参加复活节的鲜花、国歌和伟大合唱团的仪式。

I'm, I'm going somewhere in blue jeans, which meant jail.

我，我要穿着蓝色牛仔裤去某个地方，这意味着要进监狱。

"Our father which art in heaven..."

“我们在天堂的父亲……”

He believed in and preached in a merited suffering is redemptive, but this is the first time where he consciously chose a path to suffer.

他相信并宣扬应受的苦难是可以救赎的，但这是他第一次有意识地选择一条受苦之路。

I'm going to walk into the teeth of suffering because that's the only thing I can see here that will...

我将走进痛苦的牙齿，因为这是我在这里能看到的唯一的东西......

that can rescue this, this huge gamble that we've taken.

这可以挽救我们所进行的这场巨大的赌博。

So, he's, he's taking a step toward it.

所以，他正在朝这个方向迈出一步。

Cause' believe me, he didn't want to go into the Birmingham jail.

因为相信我，他不想进伯明翰监狱。

And if you see the photographs of the way they're taking him into the Birmingham jail, he's a relatively small man and the cops are lifting him up by his pants.

如果你看到他们把他带进伯明翰监狱的照片，你会发现他是一个相对较小的人，警察抓住他的裤子将他举起来。

There's no respect for the fact that this is Dr. King.

这是对金博士这一事实的不尊重。

This is somebody that's going to have a national holiday named for him.

这个人将会有一个以他的名字命名的国定假日。

This is another nigger going to jail.

这是又一个进监狱的黑鬼。

They had Dr. King in solitary confinement and he was incensed at the article that five or six clergymen in Birmingham had put in the local paper criticizing Dr. King for coming, about it wasn't a good time and all of that business.

他们将金博士单独监禁，伯明翰的五六名牧师在当地报纸上发表了一篇文章，批评金博士的到来，指责金博士来了，说这不是一个好时机以及所有这些事情，这让金博士感到愤怒。

But it was always the old arguments of the status quo.

但这始终是现状的旧论点。

And he began to write on whatever was available.

他开始写任何可用的东西。

Edge of newspapers, toilet paper.

报纸、卫生纸的边缘。

He was so upset that he had to tune out the whole rest of the world to write this letter.

他非常沮丧，以至于他不得不排除整个世界来写这封信。

Dr. King comes out of the Birmingham Jail, he's written the letter, he's put himself on the line, he's invited suffering and it still didn't make any difference.

金博士从伯明翰监狱出来，他写了这封信，他把自己置于危险之中，他邀请苦难，但这仍然没有任何区别。

But James Bevel is coming to King saying...

但詹姆斯·贝维尔来找金说……

"We're out of jail volunteers, your going to jail didn't produce the ones that we hoped it would, but if you're out of adults, I got high school students," because he's holding these youth meetings.

“我们没有监狱志愿者，你们入狱并没有产生我们希望的人，但如果你们没有成年人，我就有高中生，”因为他正在举办这些青年会议。

Thousands of students respond to SCLC's call for demonstrations.

数千名学生响应 SCLC 的示威呼吁。

Martin King was convinced the people of Birmingham would not tolerate police, acting in their name, slamming little girls up against the wall with fire hoses.

马丁·金坚信，伯明翰人民不会容忍警察以他们的名义，用消防水带将小女孩按在墙上。

And having dogs attack kids.

还有狗攻击孩子。

They grew up in segregation, and they may not have agreed with him, but there's a limit.

他们在种族隔离中长大，他们可能不同意他的观点，但也有一个限度。

Enough, that's too much.

够了，这太过分了。

The implications coming out from Birmingham are very profound and Dr. King recognized that it had touched people in, in mass numbers and that's why he said on the telephone to Clarence Jones, his lawyers back here in New York, we are on a breakthrough.

伯明翰的影响非常深远，金博士认识到它已经感动了大批人，这就是为什么他在电话中对他在纽约的律师克拉伦斯·琼斯说，我们正在取得突破。

We have to do something that will make a landmark.

我们必须做一些具有里程碑意义的事情。

Bayard Rustin and A.

贝亚德·鲁斯汀 (Bayard Rustin) 和 A.

Phillip Randolph had talked about a march on Washington for years.

菲利普·伦道夫多年来一直在谈论向华盛顿进军。

So, Bayard called and asked if he could come down and meet with us.

于是，贝亚德打电话询问他是否可以下来与我们见面。

And that Mr. Randolph was willing to lead and organize this March on Washington.

兰道夫先生愿意领导和组织这次华盛顿游行。

"I Wish I Know How It Would Feel To Be Free." I wish I knew how it would feel to be free.

“我希望我知道自由是什么感觉。”我希望我知道自由是什么感觉。

I wish I could bring all the chains holding me.

我希望我能带上所有束缚我的锁链。

I wish I could share all the love that's in my heart.

我希望我能分享我心中所有的爱。

Remove all the bars that keeps us apart.

消除所有让我们分开的障碍。

I wish you could know what it means to be me.

我希望你能知道成为我意味着什么。

Then you'd see and agree that every man should be free.

然后你就会明白并同意每个人都应该自由。

I was overwhelmed by the power of all those people coming together.

我被所有这些人聚集在一起的力量所震撼。

And, even in that moment, overwhelmed by the message.

而且，即使在那一刻，我也被这个消息淹没了。

The primary thing was about the bounced check.

主要的事情是关于退回的支票。

The night before Andy Young and I were working on a new climax because we thought the "I Have A Dream" part was tired.

前一天晚上，安迪·杨和我正在准备一个新的高潮，因为我们认为“我有一个梦想”部分很累。

We had heard it 25, 30 times.

我们已经听过 25、30 次了。

But Martin Luther King knew far better than we did.

但马丁·路德·金比我们更清楚。

I was sitting in back of him on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

在林肯纪念堂的台阶上，我坐在他后面。

And Dr. King knew he had the crowd, 'cause as he was going to end the speech he said, "Free at last, free at last," and then he turns, "thank God Almighty we're free at last." Like, I've just hit a home run.

金博士知道他有人群，因为当他要结束演讲时，他说：“终于自由了，终于自由了，”然后他转身说，“感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了。”就像，我刚刚打出了全垒打。

It spoke to the hopes and dreams of most Americans.

它讲述了大多数美国人的希望和梦想。

People were not prepared to listen that America was a place that was segregationist; treated, mistreated its citizens and so forth.

人们不愿意听美国是一个种族隔离主义国家。对待、虐待其公民等等。

But it was prepared to listen to, "I..." well, I, he said, "I have a dream deeply rooted in the American dream." So he, so his affirmation of the American Dream was something that people were prepared to believe in and therefore they took that part of it and ran with it.

但它准备好听，“我……”好吧，我，他说，“我有一个深深植根于美国梦的梦想。”所以他，所以他对美国梦的肯定是人们准备相信的东西，因此他们接受了其中的一部分并与之相伴。

What I noticed often happened with Dr. King is when he got great and positive feedback as he did after that speech, he could become very subdued.

我注意到金博士经常发生的事情是，当他在演讲后得到很好的积极反馈时，他可能会变得非常克制。

Because that too laid an extra burden on him.

因为这也给他带来了额外的负担。

He said, "You know, I can't make little mistakes anymore.

他说：“你知道，我不能再犯小错误了。

Every mistake I make now is a big mistake." He said, "History has seized me."

我现在犯的每一个错误都是一个大错误。”他说：“历史抓住了我。”

My immediate reaction was, "Okay, this is their response."

我的第一反应是：“好吧，这就是他们的回应。”

You know, during Sunday School, and we know who was in school in Birmingham, young folk.

你知道，在主日学校期间，我们知道谁在伯明翰上学，年轻人。

And it was young people who had changed that city.

正是年轻人改变了这座城市。

The day of the burial he could hardly walk down the church aisle.

埋葬那天，他几乎无法沿着教堂的过道行走。

He was...his back was, instead of bent this way, he was leaning back so far.

他……他的背不是这样弯曲的，而是向后靠了这么远。

When we got home later that night I said, "Mike, I thought I was going to have to come down there and help you, you looked like you were going to fall over backwards." He said, "Deenie, the weight of the world was on me.

那天晚上晚些时候，当我们回到家时，我说：“迈克，我想我必须下来帮助你，你看起来像是要向后摔倒。”他说：“迪尼，世界的重量都压在我身上。

I wondered about my responsibility, whether or not I'm really right.

我想知道我的责任，我是否真的是对的。

How could I know?"

我怎么知道？”

By 1963, November 22nd, 1963, Dr. King had had his life threatened many times.

到1963年，1963年11月22日，金博士多次受到生命威胁。

In Montgomery, they bombed his home.

在蒙哥马利，他们轰炸了他的家。

He came up to New York to autograph a book that documented the Montgomery Movement.

他来到纽约为一本记录蒙哥马利运动的书签名。

He had been stabbed in the chest.

他的胸部被刺伤。

So death was not a stranger to him.

所以死亡对他来说并不陌生。

The thought of his own death, was one that often came because people were threatening all the time.

他经常想到自己的死，因为人们一直在威胁他。

But I think when the President went down...

但我认为当总统下台时...

I think all of us had a little lump in our throats, because we knew that to take out a president, that they can take out Martin.

我想我们所有人都有点哽咽，因为我们知道要干掉一位总统，他们就可以干掉马丁。

I remember seeing Dr. King sitting in a very pensive kind of mood, after President Kennedy was shot.

我记得在肯尼迪总统被枪杀后，看到金博士心情非常沉思。

Watching the fallout and the feedback from that assassination, he said, "This is a 10-day nation.

看到这次暗杀的后果和反馈，他说：“这是一个十天的国家。

That in 10 days, we'll be back to business as usual."

10 天后，我们将恢复正常营业。”

November 25, 1963: Dr. King receives a call from President Lyndon B.

1963 年 11 月 25 日：金博士接到林登·B·肯尼迪总统的电话。

Johnson.

约翰逊.

(instrumental) "Oh Christmas Tree"

（器乐）《噢，圣诞树》

Martin had a great love for his family.

马丁非常爱他的家人。

People think, it's glamorous to do all this traveling, you know.

人们认为，进行所有这些旅行是很迷人的，你知道。

But not when you travel under a terrible, high-pressure schedule.

但当你的行程安排很糟糕、压力很大时，情况就不同了。

So your life becomes turbulent and it's not your own.

所以你的生活变得动荡，不再属于你自己。

You belong to the people, you belong to God, and your family has to share that ownership, as painful as that may be.

你属于人民，你属于上帝，你的家人必须分享这种所有权，尽管这可能很痛苦。

Early January of '64, everybody was shorthanded and I was brought over to the White House.

64 年 1 月初，所有人都人手不足，我被带到了白宫。

And Dr. King came in several times.

金博士也来过几次。

So I would chat with him first and then take him in to see the President.

所以我会先和他聊聊，然后带他去见总统。

And, the President was anxious to hear his advice.

而且，总统渴望听到他的建议。

Johnson wanted to befriend the Movement but...

约翰逊想与运动交朋友，但是……

King was difficult, for him.

金对他来说很难。

Martin was not an inside Washington guy.

马丁不是华盛顿的内部人士。

You know Johnson loved to deal with people, choong-choong-choong, he was a checkers player, you know, move these people around.

你知道约翰逊喜欢与人打交道，choong-choong-choong，他是跳棋选手，你知道，让这些人四处走动。

He couldn't move Martin around that way.

他不能那样移动马丁。

And then there was Hoover.

然后是胡佛。

Always sittin' on Johnson's ear spillin' poison in it about Martin.

总是坐在约翰逊的耳朵上，向他吐出有关马丁的毒药。

J.

J。

Edgar Hoover was the original Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

埃德加·胡佛是联邦调查局原局长。

J.

J。

Edgar Hoover was more popular than most presidents.

埃德加·胡佛比大多数总统更受欢迎。

Hoover had been around longer, he was seen as a great bulwark against whatever...

胡佛存在的时间更长，他被视为抵御任何事物的伟大堡垒......

people feared, whether it was crime, or bank robbers, or subversives, or the atom bomb.

人们害怕的，无论是犯罪、银行抢劫、颠覆分子还是原子弹。

Dr. King was threatening to the America that Mr. Hoover believed in, and saw, and wanted.

金博士正在向胡佛先生所相信、所看到和想要的美国发出威胁。

Hoover...

胡佛...

I think had a pathological hatred of black people.

我认为对黑人有一种病态的仇恨。

And he just couldn't stand Martin.

他就是无法忍受马丁。

And his biggest tool was the Communist bugaboo.

他最大的工具就是共产主义的bugaboo。

As a matter of fact, he persuaded Bobby Kennedy that he just had to have the right to tap Dr. King.

事实上，他说服鲍比·肯尼迪相信他只需有权接触金博士即可。

Tap his phones, and put him on, under excruciating surveillance.

窃听他的手机，然后让他在令人痛苦的监视下开机。

Stanley admitted that for a brief period of time that he had been a, a member of the Communist Party, that he admitted.

斯坦利承认，在很短的一段时间内，他曾是一名共产党员，他承认。

So the FBI...

所以联邦调查局...

had that information.

有那个信息。

Now what they did, though, they wiretapped all of my conversations with Martin King, all of Stanley Levison's conversations with Dr. King, all of my conversations with Stanley Levison.

然而，现在他们所做的，他们窃听了我与马丁·金的所有对话，斯坦利·莱维森与金博士的所有对话，以及我与斯坦利·莱维森的所有对话。

That was all subject to wiretap.

这一切都受到窃听。

As we used to sing, "Ain't gon' let nobody turn us around.

正如我们过去常唱的那样：“不会让任何人扭转我们的局面。

Ain't gon' let Bull Connor turn us around.

不会让布尔·康纳扭转我们的局面。

Ain't gon' let J.

不会让J.

Edgar Hoover turn us around, because it was the Hoover mentality, and the Hoover rationale, for intimidating us to use Communism." We dismissed it.

埃德加·胡佛让我们转变，因为这是胡佛的心态和胡佛的理由，恐吓我们使用共产主义。”我们驳回了它。

July 2, 1964: the Civil Rights Act signing to end legalized segregation.

1964 年 7 月 2 日：《民权法案》签署，结束合法化的种族隔离。

As we walked into the White House that day into the East Room, we were just thinking, "You know, this...

那天，当我们走进白宫东厅时，我们只是在想，“你知道，这......

day will fulfill the aspirations of millions of our people over more than a hundred years who had longed, and one day the government would say, 'It's not right.

有一天，我们千百万人民一百多年来一直渴望的愿望将会实现，有一天政府会说：‘这是不对的。

Stop it.'" So it was a watershed.

停止吧。’”所以这是一个分水岭。

And every time I look at that picture of the smile on Dr. King's face, and the amazement in my own thoughts of being there; where my grandmama would've wanted to be...

每当我看到金博士脸上微笑的照片时，我都会对自己身在其中的想法感到惊讶；我奶奶想去的地方...

(long pause) it was a great day...

（长时间停顿）这是美好的一天......

When we heard that Martin won the Nobel Peace Prize, he was in St. Joseph's Hospital, downtown Atlanta.

当我们听说马丁获得诺贝尔和平奖时，他正在亚特兰大市中心的圣约瑟夫医院。

I went down there immediately.

我立刻就下去了。

And he was saying when Coretta had called him and told him about it he thought he was dreaming,

当科雷塔打电话告诉他这件事时，他说他以为自己在做梦，

A month later, J.

一个月后，J.

Edgar Hoover comes out of nowhere saying that Dr. King is the most notorious liar in the country.

埃德加·胡佛突然说金博士是这个国家最臭名昭著的骗子。

That made the front pages.

这登上了头版。

And that phrase came out, but it was a long diatribe on what a nasty person, and if I could only tell you how nasty he is.

这句话出来了，但这是对一个多么令人讨厌的人的长篇谩骂，如果我只能告诉你他有多讨厌就好了。

Dr. King believed deeply in what he was about, what the Movement was about.

金博士深信他的使命和运动的使命。

So, for someone to say he was the most notorious liar, was simply, deeply hurtful and I know that he was wounded by that.

所以，如果有人说他是最臭名昭著的骗子，这简直就是深深的伤害，我知道他因此受伤了。

I called Dr. King in Atlanta and tried to set up a meeting between the two men.

我给亚特兰大的金博士打电话，试图安排两人会面。

He did not respond to my calls.

他没有回复我的电话。

He waited three, four, five days and finally, I got a call from Andrew Young.

他等了三、四、五天，最后，我接到了安德鲁·杨的电话。

It was Andy, myself, Dr. King, Ralph was with us as well.

这是安迪、我本人、金博士、拉尔夫也和我们在一起。

We went to the FBI office.

我们去了联邦调查局办公室。

It turned out to be a rather amusing meeting because we'd come to have him explain to us why he would go public and say Dr. King was the most notorious liar in the country.

结果这是一次相当有趣的会议，因为我们来请他向我们解释为什么他会公开说金博士是这个国家最臭名昭著的骗子。

And he never d -- he never addressed the question, he just took us through a little lecture on what the FBI's tryin' to do, and how they're tryin' to protect the rights of all citizens.

他从来没有——他从来没有解决过这个问题，他只是向我们做了一个小讲座，介绍联邦调查局试图做什么，以及他们如何保护所有公民的权利。

Ya, ya, ya.

是啊，是啊。

But the bottom line is that he was our leader and it was his strength that enabled us to respond to those kinds of things.

但最重要的是，他是我们的领导者，正是他的力量使我们能够应对此类事情。

It was a real signal of pressure from the FBI, on the other hand, the Nobel Peace Prize is an insp-, was an inspiration to him because, as a sign that the message of the Civil Rights Movement was a message for the whole world.

这是来自联邦调查局的真正压力信号，另一方面，诺贝尔和平奖对他来说是一种激励，因为，作为一个标志，民权运动的信息是向全世界传达的信息。

This Nobel Peace Prize seemed to vindicate the controversial nature of his leadership.

诺贝尔和平奖似乎证明了他领导力的争议性。

And he had been right to criticize violence at every level.

他对各个层面的暴力行为的批评都是正确的。

He was right.

他是对的。

He criticized hatred at every level.

他批评各个层面的仇恨。

He was right.

他是对的。

The Nobel Peace Prize said he was right, he was right.

诺贝尔和平奖说他是对的，他是对的。

And so, we were overjoyed.

于是，我们欣喜若狂。

Martin was glad and appreciative, but he didn't shout for joy.

马丁很高兴也很感激，但他并没有欢呼雀跃。

He took it in stride.

他泰然处之。

Once Dr. King left Oslo with the Nobel Peace Prize, he came back with a sense that we had a higher calling not only acting for the rights of African Americans in the United States, but for people of goodwill all over the world.

金博士带着诺贝尔和平奖离开奥斯陆后，他带着一种感觉回来，我们有更高的使命，不仅要为美国非裔美国人的权利而奋斗，还要为全世界善意的人们而奋斗。

As an icon of the Movement, and a non-violent Movement, it was appropriate for him to say, "This is not a tribute to me.

作为运动和非暴力运动的象征，他说：“这不是对我的致敬。

This is a tribute to the Movement.

这是对运动的致敬。

All the money should go to the Movement." But as a father of four children, he doesn't have any money in the family, he's not making provision, he's getting death threats every day, and he didn't even have a will.

所有的钱都应该捐给运动。”但作为四个孩子的父亲，他家里没有钱，没有供给，每天都受到死亡威胁，甚至没有遗嘱。

And that put him under a lot of tension.

这让他承受了很大的压力。

We went to the President to talk about where we'd go from here, 'cause we wanted a voting rights act.

我们去找总统讨论我们下一步的发展方向，因为我们想要一项投票权法案。

And I'll never forget Johnson suggesting this.

我永远不会忘记约翰逊的建议。

"Look man, you gotta give the white people a rest in this country.

“听着，伙计，你得让这个国家的白人休息一下。

You know, you've gone so far, and we've gotta give 'em a chance to catch up.

你知道，你已经走了这么远，我们必须给他们一个赶上的机会。

So let's not go for voting rights."

所以我们不要追求投票权。”

He had already resolved to go to Selma.

他已经决定去塞尔玛了。

And it's when he's trying to work forward to get a commitment to go to Selma and work for the right to vote that Coretta calls because she's opened this package at home that had a letter telling him to look into his evil heart.

当他试图努力争取承诺去塞尔玛并为投票权而努力时，科雷塔打电话给她，因为她在家里打开了这个包裹，里面有一封信，告诉他要调查他邪恶的心。

You know what you must do.

你知道你必须做什么。

They had wiretapped certain instances in which Martin King had on limited times, been with women who were not his wife.

他们窃听了马丁·金在有限的时间内与非他妻子的女性交往的某些情况。

That's what the FBI had.

这就是联邦调查局所拥有的。

This is a heart-stabbing moment from I don't know how many different directions beginning with the fact that his own wife opens it, and what the tape is, is it has compilations of bugging materials of King in compromising situations privately, in various different places.

这是一个令人心碎的时刻，从我不知道有多少不同的方向开始，从他自己的妻子打开它的事实开始，磁带是什么，它是在不同的地方私下汇编金在妥协情况下的窃听材料。

So this really is a low moment and I think where Dr. King comes out of this.

所以这确实是一个低潮的时刻，我想金博士会从这个时刻走出来。

And you hear it in the sermons as well as anyone else: "I never held myself as a great model but I have to do the best that I can to redeem myself and America through the witness of this Movement."

你在布道中以及其他人中都会听到这样的话：“我从来没有把自己视为一个伟大的榜样，但我必须尽我所能，通过这场运动的见证来救赎自己和美国。”

When we went to Selma and checked into the hotel, some white man came up as though he was going to shake Martin's hand, and then hauled off and hit him.

当我们去塞尔玛入住酒店时，一个白人走过来，好像要和马丁握手，然后猛地走开并打了他。

When people tried to grab him, Martin wouldn't let anybody touch him.

当人们试图抓住他时，马丁不让任何人碰他。

And the police came and took him away.

警察来了，把他带走了。

But he hadn't been having much like that, so he began to sense that things were moving to another level.

但他并没有经历过太多这样的事情，所以他开始感觉到事情正在发展到另一个层次。

The people had organized to show up that Sunday.

人们已经组织起来在那个星期日出现。

And Martin was in Atlanta.

马丁在亚特兰大。

I was talking with Martin on the phone and I said, "Well, we have to march 'cause everyone came here prepared to march.

我在电话中与马丁交谈，我说：“好吧，我们必须游行，因为每个人都准备好游行了。

But the police are lined up over there, and they're not going to let us march." And he said, "Well, don't all of you all get arrested."

但警察在那里排队，他们不让我们游行。”他说：“好吧，你们都别被捕。”

I heard King call for people to go down to Selma to march and to go over that bridge again.

我听到金号召人们去塞尔玛游行并再次穿过那座桥。

And it was, of course, a place I wanted to be.

当然，那是我想去的地方。

So people just flooded down but once they got there, Judge Johnson then enjoined us against marching but scheduled a hearing for the end of the week.

所以人们蜂拥而至，但一旦他们到达那里，约翰逊法官就禁止我们游行，但安排在本周末举行听证会。

And the students wanted to go ahead and march anyway and violate the injunction.

学生们无论如何都想继续游行并违反禁令。

SNCC had decided already that it was going to continue the march.

SNCC 已经决定继续游行。

We were not going to allow the people who beat us down on Edmund Peddis Bridge to intimidate us.

我们不会允许那些在埃德蒙·佩迪斯大桥上殴打我们的人来恐吓我们。

Martin Luther King did not want to offend the courts, the federal courts, because we were looking to them for support.

马丁·路德·金不想冒犯法院、联邦法院，因为我们正在寻求他们的支持。

King and the SCLC people debated the issue until 4 o'clock one morning.

金和 SCLC 的人们就这个问题争论到一天早上 4 点。

Lyndon Johnson did not want the march to take place.

林登·约翰逊不希望举行游行。

But Dr. King was firm and decided he was going to march.

但金博士态度坚决，决定参加游行。

When we got to the top of the bridge, we saw the state troopers lined on the highway.

当我们到达桥顶时，我们看到州警在高速公路上排队。

We paused and a minister gave this prayer:

我们停下来，一位牧师做了这样的祷告：

And at the end of the prayer, as we got up and assumed we were going to be led into the stonewall of troops, the troopers cleared the road, they moved to the side of the road.

祈祷结束时，当我们站起来并假设我们将被带入部队的石墙时，士兵们清理了道路，他们移到了路边。

The road was wide open.

道路开阔。

And everybody'd felt a miracle had occurred and the Red Sea had opened and we were going to march to Montgomery.

每个人都觉得奇迹发生了，红海已经打开，我们要向蒙哥马利进军。

And so we started marching singing "We Shall Overcome" and at that point, King turned around, stopped, and Andy Young stepped forward, and King started leading the procession around and back over the bridge.

于是我们开始游行，唱着“我们将克服”，就在那时，金转身停了下来，安迪·杨向前走去，金开始带领游行队伍在桥上绕来绕去。

As we were marching back, everyone said, "What in the world happened?" Then we got back to the chapel and all hell broke loose.

当我们往回走的时候，每个人都在说：“到底发生了什么？”然后我们回到教堂，一切都乱了套。

People who came South for the march were angry.

来南方参加游行的人们很愤怒。

They were sort of what we used to call "freedom high." Because people had gotten beat up, they came down wanting to get beat up.

它们有点像我们过去所说的“自由高地”。因为人们被打了，他们就下来想被打。

In Martin Luther King's judgment, if we can ultimately win the right to vote, let's go through the courts to preserve that right rather than the courts coming against us for violating an injunction.

按照马丁·路德·金的判断，如果我们最终能够赢得投票权，就应该通过法院来维护这一权利，而不是让法院因违反禁令而对我们进行起诉。

I began hearing a number of the young militants calling him "the Lord" derisively.

我开始听到一些年轻的武装分子嘲笑他为“上帝”。

I don't know when the "Martin Loser King" became one of the slogans, but it was the first time I had seen the growth of that kind of, you might say, "anti-King" movement.

我不知道“马丁失败者国王”什么时候成为了口号之一，但这是我第一次看到这种，你可能会说，“反国王”运动的发展。

I think to some degree he understood that he was the natural object of people's frustration, that was part of the price he had to pay for the position that he was in.

我认为在某种程度上，他明白他自然是人们沮丧的对象，这是他为自己所处的位置必须付出的部分代价。

And he's trying to get black people the right to vote.

他正在努力让黑人获得投票权。

"Our father which art in heaven..."

“我们在天堂的父亲……”

What happened was astonishing, 'cause it was on television and people were sickened all over the country.

发生的事情令人震惊，因为它在电视上播出，全国各地的人们都患病了。

Congressmen were hearing from their constituents, and those of us in the government figure, well now it's time for the Voting Rights Act.

国会议员们听取了他们的选民和我们政府官员的意见，现在是时候通过投票权法案了。

Johnson was a very practical politician.

约翰逊是一位非常务实的政治家。

The response to Selma made him do it.

对塞尔玛的回应促使他这么做了。

August 6, 1965.

1965 年 8 月 6 日。

President Lyndon B.

总统林登·B.

Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act.

约翰逊签署了投票权法案。

King believed that with the achievement of the right to vote, that the struggle for justice for black people in this society was about to be achieved.

金相信，随着选举权的实现，黑人在这个社会中争取正义的斗争即将实现。

August 11, 1965: Watts section of Los Angeles.

1965 年 8 月 11 日：洛杉矶瓦茨区。

6 days of rioting.

持续6天的骚乱。

34 people killed.

34人死亡。

Within ten days of the signing of the Voting Rights Act, the Watts riots broke out.

《投票权法案》签署后不到十天，瓦茨骚乱就爆发了。

And they stunned the country.

他们震惊了整个国家。

Just picture after picture, day after day of the riots.

只是一张又一张的照片，日复一日的骚乱。

And gun purchases in Los Angeles and around the country just skyrocketed.

洛杉矶和全国各地的枪支购买量猛增。

King was on vacation when that happened.

事情发生时，金正在度假。

And when he heard about it, he was shocked.

当他听说这件事时，他感到震惊。

And he came back.

他回来了。

He visited Watts.

他拜访了瓦茨。

And the people were mad and angry.

人们又生气又愤怒。

King had never seen this, this close up.

金从未见过如此近距离的景象。

And when he walked into one community meeting, somebody shouted after they saw him, "Get out of here, Dr. King, we don't need you."

当他走进一次社区会议时，有人看到他后大喊：“离开这里，金博士，我们不需要你。”

He was booed.

他遭到嘘声。

And you can't be human and have done all the things that Martin King had done and not be hurt, deeply hurt, and profoundly puzzled by being booed by black people.

作为人类，你不可能在做了马丁·金所做的所有事情之后，却不会因为被黑人的嘘声而受到伤害、深深地伤害和深感困惑。

King had assumed that the Southern Movement victories would trickle down to the North.

金原以为南方运动的胜利将会惠及北方。

But it didn't work like that.

但事实并非如此。

And it was in the context of Watts that he made that decision, that he had to find out more about black people in the North and he chose Chicago.

正是在瓦茨的背景下，他做出了这个决定，他必须了解更多有关北方黑人的信息，因此他选择了芝加哥。

I was opposed of that move toward Chicago because I was uncomfortable in Northern cities.

我反对搬到芝加哥，因为我在北方城市感到不舒服。

I didn't know the lay of the land.

我不知道这片土地的情况。

It was complicated politics, but also we were spread too thin.

这是复杂的政治，但我们的分散也太分散了。

You couldn't run a movement in Chicago with the staff we had.

你不可能用我们的员工在芝加哥开展一场运动。

There was a certain new loneliness.

有一种新的孤独感。

He was in unchartered water.

他身处未知的水域。

He was going into big cities where his constituents were going to be different, and where he would not be as welcome on the part of an existing black leadership.

他要去大城市，在那里他的选民会有所不同，而且他不会受到现有黑人领导层的欢迎。

In the South they had all turned to him.

在南方，他们都转向他。

He was chosen in Montgomery 'cause he was young, and new, and bore a great, great name.

他在蒙哥马利被选中是因为他年轻，新人，而且有一个伟大的名字。

He was a, a black Baptist Brahmin, in a way, in the way that Jack Kennedy was the first Irish Brahmin.

在某种程度上，他是一个黑人浸信会婆罗门，就像杰克·肯尼迪是第一个爱尔兰婆罗门一样。

But now he was going where there was an existing leadership that was going to fight him, black leadership that did not want him there, that had its own, I mean, there was a, a formed culture, and he would be an outsider, and they would like to keep him an outsider.

但现在他要去的地方有一个现有的领导层将与他作斗争，黑人领导层不希望他在那里，他们有自己的，我的意思是，有一种形成的文化，他将是一个局外人，他们想让他成为一个局外人。

He said he was going to live in the ghetto in Chicago.

他说他将住在芝加哥的贫民窟。

And...

还有...

one of my best white liberal friends said, "Yeah, in the ghetto it's probably the only gilded apartment in the ghetto and he's going to be walking up there with money falling out of his pockets." And a lot people had that view.

我最好的一位白人自由派朋友说：“是的，在贫民窟里，这可能是贫民窟里唯一的镀金公寓，他会带着从口袋里掉出来的钱走到那里。”很多人都有这种观点。

I think as he got to the dilemma of poor blacks in the inner cities, he was becoming more radical, or his radical side was being called more to the surface.

我认为，当他陷入内城贫困黑人的困境时，他变得更加激进，或者说他的激进一面被更多地暴露出来。

And I think he understood that there would be a price for this.

我认为他明白这是要付出代价的。

When we took on Chicago it was simply as a demonstration project to demonstrate that some of the tactics that we used in the South would work in the North.

当我们对阵芝加哥时，这只是一个示范项目，目的是证明我们在南方使用的一些策略在北方也能发挥作用。

And then without talking to anybody Meredith decides to walk through Mississippi and get shot.

然后，没有与任何人交谈，梅雷迪思决定步行穿过密西西比州并被枪杀。

And it wasn't related to anything or anybody.

而且它与任何事或任何人都没有关系。

June, 1966: activist James Meredith begins a "march against fear" across Mississippi.

1966 年 6 月：活动家詹姆斯·梅雷迪思开始横跨密西西比州的“反恐惧游行”。

One of the principles of the Movement was that you couldn't let somebody get shot or get hurt doing something that was legitimate and morally sound.

该运动的原则之一是，你不能让某人在做合法且道德合理的事情时遭到枪击或受伤。

And of course there was nothing morally wrong with walking down the highway.

当然，沿着高速公路行走在道德上并没有什么问题。

Within the context of picking up the Meredith March, King really spends, arguably, his most sustained time in Mississippi.

在梅雷迪思进行曲的背景下，金可以说是在密西西比州度过了他最持久的时光。

But of course, the march was where Stokely Carmichael first utters "Black Power," and all the controversy about that swirls around him.

但当然，游行是斯托克利·卡迈克尔第一次说出“黑人权力”的地方，所有与此有关的争议都围绕着他。

Most of the decisions along the road, as they were debating were King trying to convince Stokely that the problem with Black Power was not that it was too scary, but that the white press seized on it so eagerly.

在他们辩论的过程中，金试图说服斯托克利，黑人权力的问题不在于它太可怕，而在于白人媒体如此急切地抓住它。

It's not that they're afraid of Black Power, they love Black Power because this is news because it essentially says, "There's a war coming." Black people are, about to make war, that's great news.

这并不是说他们害怕黑人权力，他们喜欢黑人权力，因为这是新闻，因为它实质上是在说：“一场战争即将来临。”黑人即将发动战争，这是个好消息。

They love it.

他们喜欢它。

We were, just having a meeting on a schoolyard and the school was closed and we pulled our truck up to serve as a sort, just to talk to all of the people on the march...

我们当时只是在校园里开会，学校关门了，我们把卡车停了下来，作为一种服务，只是为了与游行中的所有人们交谈......

when we realized that, that we were surrounded by police.

当我们意识到这一点时，我们被警察包围了。

Without any provocation they started shooting tear gas.

在没有任何挑衅的情况下，他们开始发射催泪瓦斯。

And I was trying to explain to the people which way to run and I was up on top of this truck and the, the next thing you know the tear gas got me.

我试图向人们解释该往哪个方向跑，然后我就站在这辆卡车的顶部，接下来你知道催泪瓦斯击中了我。

There's nothing more humiliating than tear gas 'cause you do lose control and you're angry at the people but you're also angry at yourself.

没有什么比催泪瓦斯更丢脸的了，因为你确实失去了控制，你对别人感到愤怒，但你也对自己感到愤怒。

That was a rough night on us all emotionally.

那对我们所有人来说都是一个艰难的夜晚。

And Martin Luther King saw that beyond the race question, America had to deal with the question of violence.

马丁·路德·金认为，除了种族问题之外，美国还必须处理暴力问题。

And that we could not solve problems in America or in the world through violence, that we had to find ways to resolve conflicts without destroying either persons or property.

我们不能通过暴力解决美国或世界的问题，我们必须找到解决冲突的方法，而不破坏人员或财产。

When I talked to him last about this, Stokely said, "Well, Charley, by the end of that march I got King saying 'black'." Uh, (chuckles) uh, and he was.

当我上次与他谈论此事时，斯托克利说：“好吧，查理，在那次游行结束时，我让金说‘黑人’。”呃，（笑）呃，他确实是。

I mean, I don't, (chuckles) you know, I don't know whether Sto -- whether you can credit Stokely, but it, without question, King, by the end of that march was talking about Black people, as distinct from the Negro people.

我的意思是，我不知道，（轻笑）你知道，我不知道斯托——你是否可以相信斯托克利，但毫无疑问，金，在那次游行结束时谈论的是黑人，与黑人不同。

That's a major shift.

这是一个重大转变。

He was changing.

他正在改变。

The Movement was changing.

运动正在发生变化。

And I think he was thinking through challenging his own beliefs, his own foundation, his bedrock, things that maybe the country was not the country that he had thought it was -- the good America which would hear you.

我认为他正在思考挑战他自己的信仰、他自己的基础、他的基石，以及一些事情，也许这个国家并不是他所想象的那个国家——一个会倾听你的美好的美国。

That there were maybe darker parts of this country, and I think he was wrestling with that.

这个国家可能还有更黑暗的地方，我认为他正在努力解决这个问题。

In the summer of '66, Chicago had a riot.

66年夏天，芝加哥发生骚乱。

President called me and said, "I want you to go."

总统打电话给我说：“我想让你走。”

So John Doar, the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, and I went out there...

所以约翰·多尔（John Doar），负责民权事务的助理总检察长，和我一起去了那里……

and we decided to go see Martin.

我们决定去看马丁。

Martin didn't know we were coming.

马丁不知道我们要来。

So we get there, and we knock on the door, and um...

所以我们到了那里，我们敲门，然后……

the place was packed with people, young men sitting everywhere.

现场挤满了人，到处都坐着年轻人。

And soon it became clear, the people who were in the room were the toughest kids in Chicago.

很快人们就清楚了，房间里的人是芝加哥最坚强的孩子。

They were gang kids.

他们是帮派孩子。

And here's Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner, one of the most famous men in the world, and he's having a seminar on non-violence with them.

这是马丁·路德·金，诺贝尔奖获得者，世界上最著名的人物之一，他正在与他们一起举办非暴力研讨会。

And it went on for four hours after we got there.

我们到达那里后，这种情况持续了四个小时。

Four hot hours, sweaty hours...

炎热的四个小时，汗流浃背的小时……

until it was clear to him that all these kids were committed to not go out and commit suicide that night on those Chicago streets.

直到他清楚地意识到，所有这些孩子都承诺那天晚上不会在芝加哥的街道上自杀。

Our job was to watch King.

我们的工作是看金。

And to keep danger from occurring to him.

并防止危险发生在他身上。

Now King, of course, had no fear.

现在金当然不再害怕了。

He didn't want to appear to be surrounded by bodyguards.

他不想显得自己被保镖包围着。

He didn't want to appear to be afraid.

他不想表现出害怕的样子。

One guy hit King with a brick in the Cicero march, and gashed him in the head ...

在西塞罗进行曲中，一个人用砖头击中了金，并划伤了他的头部……

And we caught him ...

我们抓住了他...

And the police (laughs) had to help rescue him from those who caught him.

警察（笑）必须帮助把他从抓他的人手中救出来。

Your Mother's a whore....

你妈妈是个妓女......

We had walked for I don't know how many miles.

我们走了不知多少英里。

And when we got back to the park where our cars were, they were on fire.

当我们回到汽车所在的公园时，它们着火了。

And as Dr. King said, it was one of the worst situations that he had been in.

正如金博士所说，这是他经历过的最糟糕的情况之一。

America did not rise up and say, "We're going to change Chicago because they're hitting Dr King with a brick, and because thousands and thousands of people are marching through the streets of Chicago behind this Movement." What was distinctive about Chicago was that there was no national response.

美国并没有站起来说：“我们要改变芝加哥，因为他们用砖头打金博士，也因为成千上万的人在芝加哥的街道上游行支持这场运动。”芝加哥的独特之处在于没有全国性的回应。

The historical pattern of the Movement was not to bowl over the local opponents, it was, it was to mobilize the nation to do something, and they did not do that in Chicago.

运动的历史模式不是要打败当地的反对者，而是要动员全国做一些事情，而他们在芝加哥没有这样做。

By 1967, Martin Luther King was tired.

到了 1967 年，马丁·路德·金已经厌倦了。

He'd not only been doing this for 12 years, and, you know, every day the phone had rung for 12 years and people telling him he had to come here, he had to do this, he had to go there, he had to speak here, he had to go on television.

他不仅这样做了12年，而且，你知道，12年来每天电话都响，人们告诉他他必须来这里，他必须这样做，他必须去那里，他必须在这里讲话，他必须上电视。

I mean, the pull of all the semi-enfranchised of a very rich society, that had worn him down.

我的意思是，一个非常富裕的社会的所有半公民权的吸引力，让他疲惫不堪。

He was never sick.

他从来没有生病过。

He was strong as a bull but he could never get any rest.

他像一头公牛一样强壮，但他却永远得不到休息。

And sometimes he'd go in just for a checkup and this was sort of an annual checkup.

有时他只是去做一次检查，这有点像年度检查。

He did a couple of things regularly in his life.

他一生中经常做几件事。

He almost always right after Christmas went down to Jamaica to think about where he was going the next year and to start working on a book.

他几乎总是在圣诞节后立即前往牙买加思考明年要去哪里并开始写书。

That was sort of his private vacation time.

那是他的私人假期。

Bevel went down and saw him and told him that he had heard a voice telling him that he had to go to Vietnam.

贝弗尔下去看到了他，并告诉他，他听到一个声音告诉他必须去越南。

Well, I went out to Jamaica to see him.

嗯，我去牙买加看他。

And I asked him to take a position against the war and to speak at the mobilization at the United Nations on April the fifteenth.

我请他采取反对战争的立场，并在 4 月 15 日的联合国动员大会上发表讲话。

He agreed.

他同意了。

In order to sort of soften the blow of all of that, Andy Young and some more moderate guys said, "Well, what you need to do is set up a meeting to talk to more preachers at Riverside."

为了减轻这一切的打击，安迪·杨和一些更温和的人说，“好吧，你需要做的是召开一次会议，与河滨的更多传教士交谈。”

A, a lot of, a lot of disparate signals hit Dr. King that the Vietnam War was becoming such a drag on the, on the goodwill of America.

金博士收到很多、很多不同的信号，认为越南战争正在严重拖累美国的善意。

April 4, 1967: the Riverside Church, Harlem.

1967 年 4 月 4 日：哈莱姆河滨教堂。

When Martin led us into the, into opposition to the war in Vietnam, he expected and was aware that he received criticism from many, many quarters, including civil rights leadership.

当马丁带领我们反对越南战争时，他预计并意识到他会受到很多很多方面的批评，包括民权领导层。

There were those who felt like, "Oh no, you, you don't dare." You know, "That's not, that's not...

有些人觉得，“哦，不，你，你不敢。”你知道，“那不是，那不是......

what we are about." And so he said something like this: "What you must understand is...

我们是关于什么的。”所以他说了这样的话：“你必须明白的是......

M.L." -- which is what he called himself -- "is a preacher.

ML” ——他自称——“是一名传教士。

And I have been called to preach the Word, the Good News.

我被呼召去传播神的话语，好消息。

And that is what I must do."

这就是我必须做的。”

It seemed to me that the country was going through convulsions because of civil rights still ongoing, and now the war, and that every strand of tension, of division, led to Martin Luther King.

在我看来，这个国家正在经历动乱，因为民权仍在继续，而现在的战争，以及每一条紧张局势和分裂，都导致了马丁·路德·金。

That he was at the center of dissidence and a nation divided against itself.

他是持不同政见者和国家内部分裂的中心人物。

April 15, 1967: United Nations Plaza.

1967 年 4 月 15 日：联合国广场。

The reaction of the press was the most damaging public reaction that he had from the white press.

媒体的反应是白人媒体对他最具破坏性的公众反应。

It was one of the few times when, when people felt that King was naïve, that he had expected the Vietnam War critics to take his criticism as, at face value, for being heartfelt and for what he was really trying to say.

这是为数不多的几次，当人们觉得金很天真时，他期望越战批评者会从表面上理解他的批评，认为他的批评是发自内心的，也是他真正想说的话。

Most people said, "You don't have any business talking about this, stick to civil rights."

大多数人说：“你没有必要谈论这个，坚持公民权利。”

With the war...

随着战争...

I, I think the moral force of Dr. King's opposition...

我，我认为金博士反对的道德力量......

had to be a, an enormous body blow to the President.

对总统来说一定是一个巨大的身体打击。

That's when I first observed him not meeting with Dr. King.

那是我第一次发现他没有与金博士会面。

And I don't think Dr. King came into the White House many times after that.

我认为金博士此后并没有多次进入白宫。

He went from being someone whom Lyndon Johnson had brought to the White House on his way back from winning the Nobel Prize, to someone -- once he gave his speech, attacking the war in '67 -- and you'll have to pardon the language -- Johnson referred to as "a nigger preacher."

他从林登·约翰逊 (Lyndon Johnson) 在赢得诺贝尔奖回来的路上带进白宫的人，变成了一个人——一旦他发表演讲，就攻击了 67 年的战争——你必须原谅他的语言——约翰逊称之为“黑人传教士”。

King begins to see that what was happening in Vietnam, was also connected with, with poverty and connected with racism, and classism.

金开始认识到，越南发生的事情也与贫困、种族主义和阶级主义有关。

And, that's when he begins to think about another march.

就在那时，他开始考虑另一次游行。

And this march is going to be a march to transform the economic situation of people in this country.

这次游行将是一次改变这个国家人民经济状况的游行。

Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta.

亚特兰大埃比尼泽浸信会教堂。

January, 1968: SCLC Staff Meeting.

1968 年 1 月：SCLC 员工会议。

The last ferocious debate within King's inner circle was over whether to make a -- try to build a whole movement out of the Riverside speech against the war, or do the Poor People's Campaign.

金的核心圈子内最后一场激烈的辩论是关于是否发起一场——试图在河滨反战演讲中建立一个完整的运动，或者进行穷人运动。

The Poor People's Campaign ultimately won Dr. King's allegiance because even though he didn't expect it to be embraced at the time, it was the right call it was the next headlight, it was saying, you know, "We have people in this country who, no matter what laws are passed are still going to be so damaged, and so excluded, and so invisible that the richest country in the world needs to take special steps.

穷人运动最终赢得了金博士的效忠，因为尽管他当时没想到它会受到欢迎，但这是正确的呼吁，它是下一个前灯，它说，你知道，“我们这个国家的人民，无论通过什么法律，仍然会受到如此损害，如此被排斥，如此不可见，以至于世界上最富有的国家需要采取特殊措施。

I was home this particular day, January 15th.

1 月 15 日这一天，我在家。

They were at the church planning a, a march and they called me and said, "You know, we're concerned about Doc, and said we haven't seen his laughter in a long time and we need to see that old spark again, and we think you can help us get that spark back.

他们在教堂里计划游行，他们打电话给我说，“你知道，我们很担心医生，并说我们已经很长时间没有看到他的笑声了，我们需要再次看到旧的火花，我们认为你可以帮助我们找回那种火花。

So will you come over to the church and we're going to celebrate his birthday.

那么你能到教堂来吗，我们要庆祝他的生日。

We're going to take a break around four or five o'clock and we're going to celebrate and give him a little surprise."

我们将在四点或五点左右休息一下，我们将庆祝并给他一个小惊喜。”

January 15, 1968: Dr. King's 39th Birthday.

1968 年 1 月 15 日：金博士 39 岁生日。

Usually the staff would give him a suit for his birthday and this time, Andrew Young and Abernathy and Jesse Jackson and the people around him said, "Let's don't give him a suit, let's give him some laughter.

通常工作人员都会送他一套西装作为生日礼物，而这一次，安德鲁·杨、阿伯内西和杰西·杰克逊以及他周围的人说，“我们不要送他一套西装，让我们给他一些笑声吧。

Let's make him laugh." And so that was my assignment to come over and make him laugh.

让我们逗他笑吧。”所以我的任务就是过来逗他笑。

Part of the Poor People's Campaign was Martin Luther King wanted to go and listen to the people.

穷人运动的一部分是马丁·路德·金想要去倾听人民的声音。

So we had hearings.

所以我们举行了听证会。

March, Mississippi, one of the first places we went.

三月，密西西比州，我们最先去的地方之一。

That's the way the Poor People's Campaign started.

穷人运动就是这样开始的。

Martin Luther King said, he was absolutely convinced that the rest of the world needs to hear a testimony of these people.

马丁·路德·金说，他绝对相信世界其他地方需要听到这些人的证词。

Our plan was to mobilize people in about 15 different poverty areas.

我们的计划是动员大约 15 个不同贫困地区的人们。

We had poor whites, we had Native Americans, we had Hispanic, we had rural blacks, urban blacks.

我们有贫穷的白人，我们有美洲原住民，我们有西班牙裔，我们有农村黑人，城市黑人。

It was sort of decided that this was not something we could win but we remembered that the bonus marches in the Depression didn't win either.

我们已经决定这不是我们能赢得的东西，但我们记得大萧条时期的奖金游行也没有获胜。

They actually got run out of Washington by General MacArthur, but their being there set the stage for the New Deal.

他们实际上被麦克阿瑟将军赶出了华盛顿，但他们的存在为新政奠定了基础。

(archival) The other thing I want you to understand is this: that it didn't cost the nation one penny to integrate lunch counters.

（档案）我想让你明白的另一件事是：整合午餐柜台并没有花费国家一分钱。

It didn't cost the nation one penny to guarantee the right to vote.

国家没有花一分钱来保证投票权。

But now we are dealing with issues that cannot be solved without the nation spending billions of dollars and undergoing a radical redistribution of economic power.

但现在我们正在处理的问题是如果国家不花费数十亿美元并进行经济权力的彻底重新分配就无法解决的。

He was a...

他是一个...

never getting enough sleep, never being able to eat regularly ...

永远无法获得足够的睡眠，永远无法正常饮食......

torn by his obligations as a husband and father to his kids and so forth.

被他作为丈夫和孩子的父亲的义务所撕裂。

And, and, and constantly worrying about whether there's going to be enough money to meet payrolls of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and you know the kind of stress he was under, why those of us who were aware of some of it didn't move more aggressively, perhaps alleviated some of what Dr. King's demons and pain.

而且，并且，不断担心是否有足够的钱来满足南方基督教领袖会议的工资单，你知道他承受着什么样的压力，为什么我们这些意识到其中一些的人没有采取更积极的行动，也许可以减轻金博士的一些恶魔和痛苦。

We were on the road for the Poor People's Campaign.

我们正在为穷人运动而奋斗。

And in the middle of this, the Memphis garbage workers went on strike.

在此期间，孟菲斯的垃圾工人举行了罢工。

This thing started with two garbage men who were crushed in the back of a garbage truck, along with the garbage because they were not allowed to seek shelter in white neighborhoods in Memphis.

这件事始于两名垃圾工，他们和垃圾一起被压在垃圾车后面，因为他们不被允许在孟菲斯的白人社区寻求庇护。

He got up at five o'clock in the morning to catch a six o'clock plane to Memphis and was planning to be back in Washington that evening for a meeting.

他早上五点起床，搭乘六点钟的飞机飞往孟菲斯，并计划当天晚上返回华盛顿参加会议。

And he said, "Well, you go on to Washington." So I went on to Washington and he and Bernard Lee went to Memphis.

他说：“好吧，你去华盛顿吧。”所以我去了华盛顿，他和伯纳德·李去了孟菲斯。

He planned to just start the march and then go, get on the plane.

他打算先开始游行，然后就上飞机。

But as soon as the march started people started breaking windows and throwing bricks and bottles.

但游行一开始，人们就开始打破窗户、投掷砖头和瓶子。

Dr. King felt very strongly, he didn't want to be a part of anything that was disrupted with that kind of violence 'cause it appeared that people who were in the march had thrown bricks and disrupted the march.

金博士强烈地感觉到，他不想成为任何因这种暴力而扰乱的事情的一部分，因为参加游行的人似乎投掷了砖块并扰乱了游行。

It was obviously a planned disruption.

这显然是一次有计划的破坏。

In fact, there was some of the young people that told us that they were paid to start trouble.

事实上，有一些年轻人告诉我们，他们是拿钱来制造麻烦的。

And he summons all of us to Atlanta.

他召集我们所有人到亚特兰大。

We didn't know what to think because that never had happened at any march that we participated in.

我们不知道该怎么想，因为在我们参加的任何游行中都从未发生过这种情况。

And Dr. King's determination was that we're going to go back to Memphis, we're going to do it right, we're not going to allow provocateurs to destroy our Movement, and then we're going to Washington.

金博士的决定是，我们要回到孟菲斯，我们要正确行事，我们不会允许挑衅者摧毁我们的运动，然后我们要去华盛顿。

Well, that evening we were supposed to go out to dinner and, um, he called and said to me, he called me Juan...

好吧，那天晚上我们本来要出去吃晚饭，嗯，他打电话对我说，他叫我胡安......

"Juan, I don't want to go out to dinner.

“胡安，我不想出去吃饭。

Um, I want to come to your house.

嗯，我想去你家。

If I get some fish, Ralph and I bring the fish, would you cook it?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Cory will help you." So they came over with the fish and, um, we cooked fish and the news was on and Martin was very sensitive about violence.

如果我得到一些鱼，拉尔夫和我把鱼带来，你会煮它吗？”我说，“是的。”他说，“科里会帮助你。”所以他们带着鱼过来了，嗯，我们煮了鱼，新闻播出了，马丁对暴力非常敏感。

And I had never seen him with the kind of spirit he had that night.

我从来没有见过他那天晚上有这样的精神。

He was just sad.

他只是很难过。

He looked like he was burdened down.

他看起来好像背负着沉重的负担。

And we tried to make small talk, light talk.

我们试着闲聊、轻松地交谈。

But every time we would lift the conversation to something lighter you could see him just sink.

但每次我们把话题调到轻松的程度时，你都会看到他的情绪低落。

He was more distraught that night than I have ever seen him in my life....

那天晚上他比我一生中见过的他更加心烦意乱......

All of us went back with him, and we did meet with the young men and we did meet with the preachers and we did try to help the community to understand that it was possible.

我们所有人都和他一起回去，我们确实会见了年轻人，我们确实会见了传教士，我们确实试图帮助社区了解这是可能的。

There was, as always, a mass meeting going on where the garbage workers had gathered and massive numbers of people from the city had gathered, and the church was crowded because, well, they knew Dr. King was coming back to town.

和往常一样，一场群众集会正在进行，垃圾工人聚集在一起，大量来自城里的人聚集在一起，教堂里挤满了人，因为，嗯，他们知道金博士要回到城里。

And we went to the church saying that Ralph would make the speech, and he would stay in and rest.

我们去了教堂，说拉尔夫将发表演讲，他会留在教堂里休息。

But when we got to the church and saw so many people there, we called him and went back and made him get dressed and say you just have to come on and say a word to these people.

但当我们到达教堂并看到那里有这么多人时，我们打电话给他，然后回去让他穿好衣服，并说你只需过来对这些人说一句话即可。

The eyes were tired.

眼睛很累。

I'll stop short of saying "defeated".

我不会说“失败”。

He was smoking and, and he looked something short of disheveled.

他正在抽烟，而且看上去有点凌乱。

Looking at him, there's a sense of...

看着他，有一种...

being alone.

独自一人。

Not, or at least being uncertain as to who your allies are.

不，或者至少不确定你的盟友是谁。

He was exhausted, he had a slight fever.

他很疲惫，还有些发烧。

He didn't want to go but once he said it all he was feeling good and, you know, he was sort on a high the next day.

他不想去，但当他说出这一切后，他感觉很好，你知道，第二天他就有点兴奋了。

We had to go into federal court to get an injunction overturned and I spent most of the time testifying in the court.

我们必须进入联邦法院才能推翻禁令，而我大部分时间都在法庭上作证。

When I came back to the hotel, Martin was in his brother's room.

当我回到酒店时，马丁正在他哥哥的房间里。

When I came in the room he said, "Where have you been?" And he threw a pillow at me.

当我走进房间时，他说：“你去哪儿了？”他还向我扔了一个枕头。

And I was trying to tell him, you know, that I'd been in court all day.

我试图告诉他，你知道，我在法庭上待了一整天。

And he said, "Don't you know you can't stay in court?

他说：“你不知道你不能留在法庭上吗？

You supposed to report to me.

你应该向我汇报。

You supposed to let me know what's going on.

你应该让我知道发生了什么事。

I've been worried all day long." And he kept throwing pillows at us so I started throwing 'em back at him.

我一整天都在担心。”他不断向我们扔枕头，所以我也开始向他扔枕头。

And the next thing you know they had all jumped on me and, and put me down between these two beds and piled the pillows on top of me and it was, you know, it was just childish play.

接下来你知道他们都跳到我身上，把我放在两张床之间，把枕头堆在我身上，你知道，这只是幼稚的游戏。

And somebody came and knocked on the door and said, you know, they're here to pick you up for dinner.

有人过来敲门说，你知道，他们是来接你吃晚饭的。

And he said well, let me go up.

他说好吧，让我上去吧。

And he went upstairs to his room to dress.

然后他就上楼去自己的房间穿衣服了。

And we were standing out in the courtyard...

我们站在院子里......

I was telling him it's getting cold and you've had a cold, you need to bring your top coat.

我告诉他天气变冷了，你感冒了，你需要带上外套。

And he was, you know, wondering whether he really wanted to bring a coat [SNAPS] and next thing you know...

你知道，他想知道他是否真的想带一件外套 [SNAPS]，接下来你知道的......

I thought a firecracker had gone off or something until I looked up there and I saw that he wasn't there.

我以为是鞭炮响了或者什么的，直到我抬头一看，发现他不在那儿。

And I, and I thought he was clowning 'cause he'd been so playful and, and, and happy and clowning.

我，我以为他在小丑，因为他是如此顽皮，并且，并且快乐并且小丑。

April 4, 1968: Senator Robert F.

1968 年 4 月 4 日：参议员罗伯特·F.

Kennedy.

肯尼迪.

I was inflight to Washington, D.C. National Airport, so I didn't know Martin Luther King had been shot until I arrived.

我当时正飞往华盛顿特区国家机场，所以直到到达时我才知道马丁·路德·金被枪杀了。

My first inclination was to cry.

我的第一个反应就是哭。

But I said, "Uh-uh.

但我说：“呃呃。

If I cry I'm not going to cry for Dr. King.

如果我哭泣，我不会为金博士哭泣。

I'm going to cry for the rest of us"

我会为我们其他人哭泣”

I don't know who it was who called, and told me that Martin was dead.

我不知道是谁打电话来告诉我马丁死了。

And what I remember most was I really almost tried to punch my way through the wall.

我记得最清楚的是我几乎想用拳头打穿墙壁。

Hard, it hit hard.

狠狠，狠狠地打击了。

And so, I was trying to drive home and you know listen to the radio and before I got home, they told us that he had actually been murdered and slain and killed, shot down.

所以，我正试图开车回家，你知道听广播，在我回家之前，他们告诉我们他实际上被谋杀、杀害、杀害、击落。

People in more than 100 cities across the country respond with outrage.

全国100多个城市的民众对此表示愤怒。

"Black is the Color of My True Love's Hair." Black is the color of my true love's hair.

“黑色是我真爱头发的颜色。”黑色是我真爱头发的颜色。

His face so soft and wondrous fair.

他的脸是如此的柔软和奇妙的白皙。

The purest eyes and the strongest hands.

最纯洁的眼睛和最有力的双手。

I love the ground on where he stands.

我喜欢他所站立的土地。

I love the ground on where he stands.

我喜欢他所站立的土地。

Black is the color.

黑色是颜色。

We didn't have a chance to grieve after Martin's death 'cause we had to keep the Poor People's Campaign going, and we did.

马丁去世后，我们没有机会哀悼，因为我们必须继续开展穷人运动，而我们做到了。

We took the poor people to Washington and we made our point even though it poured down rain and we were in a puddle of mud.

我们把穷人带到华盛顿，尽管下着倾盆大雨，我们身陷泥坑，但我们还是表达了自己的观点。

Then Robert Kennedy got killed and [SIGHS] we really fell apart.

然后罗伯特·肯尼迪被杀了，[叹气]我们真的崩溃了。

Someone wrote a poem that said, "Now that he is safely dead let us praise him, for dead men make such convenient heroes, they can not rise up to challenge the images we fashion for them.

有人写了一首诗说：“既然他已经安全地死了，让我们赞美他，因为死人是如此方便的英雄，他们不能起来挑战我们为他们塑造的形象。

Besides, it easier to build a monument than it is a Movement."

此外，建立一座纪念碑比一场运动更容易。”

The Movement took a huge toll on him.

这场运动给他带来了巨大的损失。

When they did the autopsy, they said he had the heart of a 60 year old, he's 39.

当他们进行尸检时，他们说他有一颗60岁的心脏，他今年39岁了。

So yes, it took a big toll on him, and he was constantly fantasizing about getting out of the Movement, but I don't know of anybody around him who ever took it seriously, who felt that even he really thought that he could follow through on that.

所以，是的，这对他造成了很大的损失，他一直幻想着退出运动，但我不知道他周围有谁认真对待过它，谁觉得甚至他真的认为他可以坚持到底。

The Movement was his life.

运动就是他的生命。