Miss America

Archival Newsreel: : You can have wars and atom bombs, but so it seems there must always be a Miss America.

档案新闻片：：你可以有战争和原子弹，但看来美国小姐总是存在的。

Archival Newsreel : Just one talented young girl receives top honors as Miss America.

档案新闻片：只有一位才华横溢的年轻女孩获得美国小姐的最高荣誉。

So democracy works here too for the Atlantic City Miss America contest is predicated on the conviction that the typical American girl has talent and brains as well as beauty.

因此，大西洋城美国小姐比赛的民主在这里也发挥了作用，其基础是相信典型的美国女孩既有才华、有头脑，也有美丽。

Kathy Peiss, Historian : I think the Miss America Pageant has been about the American dream for some women.

历史学家凯西·佩斯（Kathy Peiss）：我认为美国小姐选美大赛是关于一些女性的美国梦的。

It has been about a dream of being beautiful.

这是一个关于变得美丽的梦想。

It's also been about a dream of being successful.

这也是关于成功的梦想。

And that combination is I think the kind of complicated stew that is very much American women's experience of the last eighty years.

我认为这种组合就是一种复杂的炖菜，这在过去八十年里是美国女性的经历。

Pageant Broadcast : I am tingling with excitement wondering who will be the next Miss America.

选美广播：我兴奋地想知道谁将成为下一任美国小姐。

Bill Goldman : When my kids were little, one of the big nights of the year was just the four of us sitting there watching the Miss America and saying oh she's got to win.

比尔·戈德曼：当我的孩子们还小的时候，一年中最重要的一个夜晚就是我们四个人坐在那里观看美国小姐比赛，并说哦，她一定会赢。

And you root and you got involved in it.

你扎根并参与其中。

And we all loved it.

我们都喜欢它。

It was a part of our lives.

这是我们生活的一部分。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: You know in this twentieth century, we have witnessed the birth of a legend, the legend of the American girl.

选美转播：伯特·帕克斯：你知道，在这个二十世纪，我们见证了一个传奇的诞生，美国女孩的传奇。

Margaret Cho, Comedian : I think it's a really important story to tell, because it's about how we feel about ourselves as women, and how we've changed as women and who we are as women and what it means to be judged by men.

喜剧演员玛格丽特·曹：我认为这是一个非常重要的故事，因为它讲述了我们作为女性如何看待自己，以及作为女性我们如何改变，作为女性我们是谁，以及被男性评判意味着什么。

Archival Newsreel : There are beauty contests and beauty contests, and then there's the Miss America competition and this year's crop seems to be the most beauteous bevy of breathtaking beauties in decades.

档案新闻片：有选美比赛和选美比赛，还有美国小姐比赛，今年的作物似乎是几十年来最美丽的一群令人惊叹的美女。

Tricia Rose, Cultural Critic : The Pageant is this example where you can be sort of nationalistic and patriotic and pro American and get to see some "T and A" all in the same event.

Tricia Rose，文化评论家：选美就是一个例子，你可以在其中表现出某种民族主义、爱国主义和亲美精神，并在同一活动中看到一些“T 和 A”。

Kate Shindle, Miss America 1998 : The thing about the pageant is that you have to have a sense of humor about it.

凯特·辛德尔 (Kate Shindle)，1998 年美国小姐：选美比赛的要点是你必须对此有幽默感。

I mean you've got girls who have invested their entire lives in wanting to become Miss America.

我的意思是有些女孩为了成为美国小姐而投入了一生。

On the one hand, it's this investment of thousands of dollars in this huge goal, and on the other hand a girl is spray gluing her swimsuit to her butt so it doesn't ride up.

一方面，这是为了实现这个巨大目标而投资数千美元，另一方面，一个女孩正在用喷雾将泳衣粘在屁股上，这样泳衣就不会上去了。

Julia Alvarez, Writer : You know this is like Miss America.

朱莉娅·阿尔瓦雷斯，作家：你知道这就像美国小姐。

I mean it's not Miss Coffee Beans.

我的意思是这不是咖啡豆小姐。

It's not Miss Peach Blossoms.

这不是桃花小姐。

This is the woman that sort of represents the country like the President does.

这位女性就像总统一样代表着国家。

And so it's seeing what is the way to be the woman of the most powerful country on earth.

因此，我们要看看怎样才能成为地球上最强大国家的女性。

Archival Newsreel : These were the fabulous furious roaring 20s and this is why they roared.

档案新闻片：这是令人难以置信的愤怒咆哮的 20 年代，这就是他们咆哮的原因。

Narrator : The Miss America Pageant started out as a promotional gimmick -- dreamed up by Atlantic City businessmen in 1921, as a way to keep tourists in town after Labor Day.

旁白：美国小姐选美大赛最初只是一种促销噱头，由大西洋城的商人于 1921 年构想出来，作为劳动节后吸引游客留在城里的一种方式。

Over the next eight decades, it would become a national tradition dedicated to defining the ideal American woman.

在接下来的八年里，这将成为致力于定义理想美国女性的民族传统。

Year after year, the Miss America Pageant would struggle to pull off a delicate balancing act —objectifying women while providing them with real opportunities; promoting traditional roles while encouraging women's independence; glorifying feminine modesty while trading on female sexuality.

年复一年，美国小姐选美大赛都在努力实现微妙的平衡——物化女性，同时为她们提供真正的机会；促进传统角色，同时鼓励妇女独立；颂扬女性的谦逊，同时利用女性的性欲。

Along the way, it would come to be a barometer of the nation's shifting ideas about American womanhood.

一路走来，它成为了国家对美国女性观念转变的晴雨表。

But in 1921, Atlantic City's businessmen were simply trying to turn a profit —by capitalizing on the country's fascination with beauty.

但在 1921 年，大西洋城的商人只是想通过利用这个国家对美丽的迷恋来盈利。

Kathy Peiss : Well, there are many beauty pageants in the 1920's, and they range from pageants oriented towards African-American women, Miss Bronze America.

凯西·佩斯：嗯，1920 年代有很多选美比赛，其中包括针对非裔美国女性的选美比赛、美国铜牌小姐等。

Even the Ku Klux Klan has a beauty pageant for Miss 100 Percent America.

就连三K党也举办了百分百美国小姐选美比赛。

So there's something about beauty as a symbol that is extremely important and many different groups are getting together and saying, we have the most beautiful woman who represents us.

因此，美丽作为一种象征是非常重要的，许多不同的群体聚集在一起说，我们有最美丽的女人代表我们。

And Miss America is the national symbol of what is going on all over the country.

美国小姐是全国各地正在发生的事情的国家象征。

Narrator : The first Miss America Pageant was a spectacular two-day festival, culminating with a beachfront parade called the Bather's Revue.

旁白：第一届美国小姐选美大赛是一个为期两天的盛大节日，最后以名为“沐浴者滑稽表演”的海滨游行达到高潮。

The only rule for the competition was that all participants "must positively be attired in bathing costumes." A board of censors had been appointed to review questionable entries.

比赛的唯一规则是所有参赛者“必须穿着泳衣”。已任命一个审查委员会来审查有问题的条目。

Vicki Gold Levi, Atlantic City Historian : Atlantic City was a place where everybody was kind of given to letting your hair down and having a delicious, romantic time.

Vicki Gold Levi，大西洋城历史学家：大西洋城是一个每个人都喜欢放松心情、享受美味、浪漫时光的地方。

Bathing suits had changed a great deal and stockings were now being rolled beneath your knees, which was very daring.

泳衣已经发生了很大的变化，丝袜现在卷到膝盖以下，非常大胆。

And women had to have their bathing suits at a certain length.

女性的泳衣必须有一定的长度。

And so there were beach censors who would actually come down and measure the length of your bathing suit.

因此，海滩审查员实际上会下来测量你的泳衣的长度。

Narrator : On the morning of the Revue, more than 100,000 people swarmed onto the Boardwalk, hoping to catch a glimpse of the scantily-clad young women down on the sand.

旁白：歌剧演出当天早上，超过 10 万人涌上木板路，希望能一睹沙滩上衣着暴露的年轻女子的风采。

The spectators' stand out favorite was a slight, freckled sixteen-year-old from the nation's capitol.

观众最喜欢的是来自国会大厦的一位身材瘦小、长着雀斑的十六岁男孩。

Named Margaret Gorman.

名叫玛格丽特·戈尔曼。

Ric Ferentz, Pageant Historian : Margaret Gorman was a sensation.

里克·费伦茨 (Ric Ferentz)，选美历史学家：玛格丽特·戈尔曼 (Margaret Gorman) 引起了轰动。

She was tiny, petite, five one, with blonde, long ringlets who looked very much like Mary Pickford who was the biggest star of the day.

她身材娇小，五一岁，留着金色的长卷发，看起来很像当时最红的明星玛丽·碧克馥。

So, the combination made this young, sixteen-year-old girl a star.

所以，这个组合让这个年轻的十六岁女孩成为了明星。

Narrator : Gorman swept the competition -- and later that evening, she was crowned the very first Miss America.

旁白：戈尔曼横扫了比赛——那天晚上，她加冕为首届美国小姐。

"Margaret Gorman represents the type of womanhood America needs," the New York Times declared, "strong, red-blooded, able to shoulder the responsibilities of homemaking and motherhood.

《纽约时报》宣称：“玛格丽特·戈尔曼代表了美国需要的女性气质，坚强、热血、能够承担家庭和母亲的责任。

It is in her type that the hope of the country rests."

国家的希望寄托在她身上。”

Narrator : The first Miss America Pageant was a staggering success.

旁白：第一届美国小姐选美比赛取得了惊人的成功。

Before the receipts were even tallied, city officials announced plans to continue the contest through the decade —confident that as long as there were girls in bathing suits, the crowds would come.

在统计收入之前，市政府官员就宣布了将比赛持续十年的计划——相信只要有穿着泳衣的女孩，人群就会前来。

Leonard Horn, Former CEO Miss America Organization : It was one of the first, if not the first instances of the marriage between advertising and the beauty of the female form which was ingenious because from then on many, many advertisers thought they could get more attention by putting a good looking woman into the picture.

美国小姐组织前首席执行官伦纳德·霍恩（Leonard Horn）：这是广告与女性形象之美结合的第一例（如果不是第一例的话），这是巧妙的，因为从那时起，许多广告商认为他们可以通过在图片中放置一个漂亮的女人来获得更多关注。

Some say it got started in 1921 in Atlantic City.

有人说它于 1921 年在大西洋城开始。

Ric Ferentz : The very first years, there was a literal breakdown.

Ric Ferentz：最初几年，确实出现了崩溃。

Five points for the construction of the head, five points for the limbs, three points for the torso, two points for the leg...I mean it...you know and it added up to a hundred percent.

头部构造五点，四肢五点，躯干三点，腿部两点……我是说真的……你知道，加起来就是百分之一百。

Whether they really went by that, it's hard to say.

他们是否真的这么做了，很难说。

Narrator : Throughout the 1920's, scores of young women flocked to Atlantic City each year, most hoping the Pageant would land them a career in show business.

旁白：整个 1920 年代，每年都有数十名年轻女性涌入大西洋城，大多数人希望选美大赛能让她们在演艺界找到一份职业生涯。

While the average working woman labored in a factory or a typing pool, Miss America had offers from Hollywood and vaudeville -- and the opportunity to cash in on her looks.

当普通职业女性在工厂或打字室工作时，美国小姐却收到了来自好莱坞和歌舞杂耍的邀请，以及通过外表赚钱的机会。

Archival Newsreel : "5 feet 4 inches tall, 118 pounds of beauty.

档案新闻片：“身高 5 英尺 4 英寸，体重 118 磅的美丽。

Norma Smallwood is crowned Miss America of 1926."

诺玛·斯莫尔伍德 (Norma Smallwood) 荣获 1926 年美国小姐桂冠。”

Narrator : During the year of her reign, Miss America 1926 -- a small-town girl from Tulsa, Oklahoma -- reportedly made over $100,000, more than either Babe Ruth or the President of the United States.

旁白：据报道，1926 年美国小姐——一位来自俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨的小镇女孩——在她执政的那一年，收入超过了 10 万美元，比贝比·鲁斯和美国总统都多。

Ric Ferentz : Norma Smallwood had an acute business sense.

里克·费伦茨：诺玛·斯莫尔伍德具有敏锐的商业头脑。

In 1927, when she was due to return to crown her successor, she demanded a fee for her appearance in Atlantic City.

1927 年，当她要返回继任者时，她要求支付在大西洋城露面的费用。

And although she arrived and took part in the early part of the pageant, during the middle when that money was not forthcoming, Norma picked up and left for another job in North Carolina.

尽管诺玛到达并参加了选美比赛的早期部分，但在中期，当这笔钱没有到位时，诺玛就离开并前往北卡罗来纳州另一份工作。

And the press was not very kind to that.

媒体对此并不友善。

They thought that she should have been the gracious one that didn't take the money and stayed around to crown her successor, and Norma thought, I'm sorry, this is a business.

他们认为她应该是一个没有拿走钱并留下来为她的继任者加冕的仁慈之人，诺玛想，对不起，这是一桩生意。

Kathy Peiss : There was a general sense that the Old World had died and a new one was being born.

凯西·佩斯：人们普遍认为旧世界已经消亡，新世界正在诞生。

And I think that was especially important for women.

我认为这对女性尤其重要。

There'd been a women's movement that had been successful in certain ways, women had gotten the right to vote for example, and women are increasingly in the labor force in the 1920's.

曾经有一场妇女运动在某些方面取得了成功，例如，妇女获得了投票权，并且在 1920 年代，妇女越来越多地进入劳动力市场。

A number are getting college educated.

一些人正在接受大学教育。

And so in some ways the pageant seems to be a contradiction.

因此，从某些方面来说，选美似乎是一个矛盾。

Here, feminists had wanted women to move into the public sphere to sort of gain the positions that men had gained, and yet the pageant represents women very much as female and as in some ways, sexualized, as beauty objects.

在这里，女权主义者希望女性进入公共领域，以获得男性已经获得的地位，然而选美比赛将女性表现得非常像女性，并且在某些方面，女性化了，作为美丽的对象。

Narrator : The Pageant's attention to the female form had troubled conservative Americans since the very beginning.

旁白：选美比赛对女性形象的关注从一开始就困扰着保守的美国人。

But in the late-1920's, critics finally went on the offensive.

但到了 1920 年代末，批评家终于发起进攻。

All over the country, women's clubs and religious organizations publicly attacked the Miss America Pageant, and accused organizers of corrupting the nation's morals.

全国各地的妇女俱乐部和宗教组织公开攻击美国小姐选美比赛，并指责组织者败坏国家道德。

"Before the competition, the contestants were splendid examples of innocence and pure womanhood," one protestor argued.

“在比赛之前，参赛者是天真和纯洁女性气质的绝佳典范，”一名抗议者说道。

"Afterward their heads were filled with vicious ideas."

“后来他们的脑子里就充满了邪恶的想法。”

In 1928, fearing the controversy would ruin Atlantic City's reputation, the Chamber of Commerce voted twenty-seven to three to cancel the Miss America Pageant.

1928 年，由于担心这场争议会损害大西洋城的声誉，商会以 27 比 3 的投票结果取消了美国小姐选美比赛。

For now, morality had shut the Pageant down.

目前，道德已经关闭了选美比赛。

But America's infatuation with beauty would endure.

但美国人对美的迷恋将持续下去。

Contemporary Footage : Brandi: "It's very me, it's very Brandi..."

当代镜头：布兰迪：“这就是我，这就是布兰迪......”

Margaret Cho : I think the fascination with beauty pageants is that there can be a winner.

Margaret Cho：我认为选美比赛的魅力在于能够产生胜利者。

That there are certain rules, guidelines that constitute beauty, that it is not necessarily in the eye of the beholder.

构成美有一定的规则和指导方针，但它不一定是在旁观者的眼中。

That we as the collective beholder have agreed on certain qualities that create beauty and uh that there can be a contest to judge it.

我们作为集体观看者已经就创造美的某些品质达成了一致，并且可以进行一场评判它的竞赛。

It's this fascinating thing.

这是一件令人着迷的事情。

Tricia Rose : What gets defined as beauty?

Tricia Rose：美丽的定义是什么？

I mean, it's not unlike high fashion supermodels in that the bodies that work are the bodies that are least like what women look like.

我的意思是，这与高级时装超模没有什么不同，因为有效的身体是最不像女性的身体。

So what are we saying?

那么我们在说什么？

What are we actually saying about what women look like when we say, well you know what, to be most beautiful you have to not look like what women look like?

当我们说，你知道吗，要变得最美丽，你必须看起来不像女人时，我们实际上是在说什么呢？

Isaac Mizrahi, Designer : I think that fashion and beauty is everything in the way a woman marks her identity today, unfortunately.

Isaac Mizrahi，设计师：不幸的是，我认为时尚和美丽是当今女性标记其身份的方式。

But I can't think of a period of time when it wasn't about that, and there are all sorts of obvious manifestations of that you know, the length of your skirt, the size of your waist.

但我想不出有哪一个时期不是这样的，而且有各种明显的表现，你知道，你的裙子的长度，你的腰围。

But there are other even more subtle things.

但还有其他更微妙的事情。

Like when you shave your legs, even if you're wearing pants that day you feel three times prettier, I think.

我想，就像当你刮腿毛时，即使那天你穿着裤子，你也会感觉自己漂亮三倍。

Julia Alvarez : You know, there's a yearning in the human spirit, an aspiring for beauty.

朱莉娅·阿尔瓦雷斯：你知道，人类精神中有一种向往，一种对美的渴望。

And, the successful man still has a beautiful woman on his arm.

而且，成功男人的手臂上还挽着一个美丽的女人。

That's the prize.

这就是奖品。

It's been our power structure and it's...it's still operative.

这是我们的权力结构，而且……它仍然有效。

Beauty is still the currency out there.

美貌仍然是货币。

Gloria Steinem, Writer : The traditional way to get ahead is to compete with other women for the favors of men, you know and this is not different from any other marginalized or less powerful group.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆（Gloria Steinem），作家：传统的获得成功的方式是与其他女性竞争以获得男性的青睐，你知道，这与任何其他边缘化或实力较弱的群体没有什么不同。

You're supposed to compete with each other for the favors of the powerful.

你们应该互相竞争以获得强者的青睐。

So what could be a greater example of that than a beauty contest?

那么还有什么比选美比赛更好的例子呢？

Narrator : Not long after the Miss America Pageant was cancelled, a devastating economic depression brought Atlantic City's tourist trade to a halt.

旁白：美国小姐选美比赛被取消后不久，毁灭性的经济萧条使大西洋城的旅游业陷入停滞。

Desperate, local businessmen opted to ignore the critics and revived their lucrative beauty pageant.

绝望的当地商人选择无视批评，恢复了利润丰厚的选美比赛。

In 1933, thirty young women were brought to Atlantic City, aboard a chartered train called the Beauty Special, to compete for Miss America's crown.

1933 年，30 名年轻女性被带到大西洋城，乘坐名为 Beauty Special 的包车，争夺美国小姐的桂冠。

Archival Newsreel : Yeah it's sort of relaxin' what with strikes and food shortages and international disputes and so on to have the lassies back with us once again.

档案新闻片：是的，在罢工、粮食短缺和国际争端等因素的影响下，姑娘们再次回到我们身边，这有点令人放松。

Oh well, one good turn deserves another.

哦，好吧，一次好的转机值得另一次转机。

Narrator : "So striking was the change between the ideal figure of the twenties and that of 1933," one observer said of the contestants, "that one might almost have thought that a new anatomical species had come into being."

旁白：“20 世纪 20 年代的理想身材与 1933 年的理想身材之间的变化如此惊人，”一位观察者在谈到参赛者时说道，“人们几乎会认为一个新的解剖物种已经诞生。”

Among the entries was Marion Bergeron, a high school sophomore and the daughter of a Connecticut policeman.

参赛者包括高中二年级学生马里昂·伯杰隆 (Marion Bergeron)，她是康涅狄格州一名警察的女儿。

Marion Bergeron Setzer, Miss America 1933 : 1933, it was a depression and at 15 years old I hadn't been out of Westhaven, Connecticut, let alone wind up in Atlantic City.

Marion Bergeron Setzer，1933 年美国小姐：1933 年，当时正值大萧条，我 15 岁时还没有离开过康涅狄格州的韦斯特黑文，更不用说最终来到了大西洋城。

Narrator : A curvaceous blonde with a striking resemblance to screen-siren Jean Harlow, Bergeron had competed in her first local pageant just weeks before.

旁白：伯杰龙是一位曲线优美的金发女郎，与银幕女星珍·哈洛 (Jean Harlow) 极为相似，几周前她参加了她的第一次当地选美比赛。

To her surprise, she had won the title of Miss New Haven, and then Miss Connecticut -- and before she knew it, she was being crowned Miss America.

令她惊讶的是，她赢得了纽黑文小姐的称号，然后是康涅狄格小姐的称号——在她意识到之前，她已经加冕为美国小姐。

Marion Bergeron Setzer : To the judge's eyes, I was the typical American girl.

Marion Bergeron Setzer：在法官眼中，我是典型的美国女孩。

Totally unsophisticated, very naïve, had a lot of enthusiasm, had a lot of talent that they didn't ask for, but I did have that.

完全不成熟，非常天真，有很大的热情，有很多他们没有要求的才能，但我确实有。

And I was just, I was just a 1933 typical American girl.

我只是，我只是一个 1933 年的典型美国女孩。

My figure then as they described it was a typical Mae West figure which was hourglass, thirty-four bust, a twenty-six waist, eighty-two buns.

据他们描述，我的身材是典型的梅·韦斯特身材，沙漏形，胸围三十四，腰围二十六，发髻八十二。

Narrator : The new Miss America was just the kind of girl vaudeville producers were looking for — and they soon came waving contracts, promising to make her a star.

旁白：新的美国小姐正是歌舞杂耍制片人正在寻找的那种女孩——他们很快就挥舞着合同，承诺让她成为明星。

But all the attention was short-lived.

但所有的关注都是短暂的。

As soon as the newspapers reported that she was only fifteen, the show business contracts were quickly withdrawn -- and Bergeron went back to high school.

当报纸报道她只有十五岁时，演艺界的合同很快就被撤销了——伯杰龙回到了高中。

Marion Bergeron Setzer : On our way home, I had to go back only to be met by the nuns that said I had had entirely too much undue publicity.

Marion Bergeron Setzer：在回家的路上，我不得不回去，结果遇到了修女们，她们说我受到了太多不当的宣传。

And they felt that it would be better if I chose another school.

他们觉得我如果选择另一所学校会更好。

Yeah, and that's practically being kicked out of school.

是的，这实际上已经被学校开除了。

Here I feel like I'm really somebody.

在这里我感觉自己真的是一个大人物。

You know, I'm just the most glamorous thing that ever happened at 15 years old, but the but the nuns didn't think so.

要知道，我只是15岁时发生过的最光鲜亮丽的事情，但修女们却不这么认为。

Kathy Peiss : Beauty pageants by the early thirties had a reputation for being somewhat disreputable, like ...a carnival atmosphere.

凯西·佩斯（Kathy Peiss）：三十年代初的选美比赛因有点名誉扫地而闻名，就像……狂欢节气氛一样。

And especially the association with Atlantic City and the seaside resorts made that venue somewhat of a question mark I think for women in terms of their respectability.

尤其是与大西洋城和海滨度假胜地的联系，我认为对于女性来说，就她们的尊严而言，这个场所在某种程度上是一个问号。

To be a public woman had a longstanding connotation of having loose morals, of being either a prostitute or sexually loose.

长期以来，成为一名公众女性就意味着道德败坏、要么是妓女，要么是性放荡。

And that doesn't disappear, certainly through the 1930's.

这种情况并没有消失，尤其是在 20 世纪 30 年代。

Narrator : In October 1935, a Pageant scandal rocked Atlantic City.

旁白：1935 年 10 月，一场选美丑闻震惊了大西洋城。

Less than a month after seventeen-year-old Henrietta Leaver was crowned Miss America, a nude statue of her was unveiled in her hometown of Pittsburgh.

十七岁的亨丽埃塔·利弗加冕美国小姐不到一个月，她的裸体雕像在她的家乡匹兹堡揭幕。

Leaver — a high school dropout and dime store salesgirl —swore she had worn a bathing suit when she posed, and that her grandmother had been present at all times.

利弗是一名高中辍学生，也是一家廉价商店的女售货员，她发誓摆姿势时她穿的是泳衣，而且她的祖母一直在场。

But the press coverage was merciless, and the businessmen behind the Pageant finally decided to make some changes.

但媒体的报道是无情的，选美背后的商人最终决定做出一些改变。

For help, they turned to a single, 29-year-old Southern Baptist with years of experience in public relations.

为了寻求帮助，他们向一位 29 岁、拥有多年公共关系经验的单身美南浸信会信徒寻求帮助。

As the Pageant's Executive Secretary, she would spend the next three decades inventing a new image for Miss America.

作为选美比赛的执行秘书，她将在接下来的三十年里为美国小姐塑造一个新形象。

Her name was Lenora Slaughter.

她的名字叫莱诺拉·斯劳特。

Ric Ferentz : She was the iron fist in a velvet glove.

里克·费伦茨：她是戴着天鹅绒手套的铁拳。

I think that she was a woman that was well ahead of her time.

我认为她是一位远远超前于时代的女性。

She was tough when she had to be.

当她必须如此时，她很坚强。

But knew how to get by on a Southern drawl.

但知道如何用南方慢吞吞的口音过日子。

Narrator : Slaughter's mission now was to eliminate scandal and to attract what she called "a better class of contestants."

旁白：斯劳特现在的任务是消除丑闻并吸引她所说的“更好的参赛者阶层”。

She immediately established a minimum age requirement of eighteen, then added a talent competition to the traditional line-up of bathing suits and evening gowns.

她立即​​规定了十八岁的最低年龄要求，然后在传统的泳衣和晚礼服阵容中增加了才艺比赛。

Once the contestants were in Atlantic City, Slaughter insisted they be chaperoned at all times, and that they observe a strict curfew of one a.m.

参赛者到达大西洋城后，斯劳特坚持要求他们始终有人陪同，并遵守凌晨一点的严格宵禁。

They were barred from drinking establishments, forbidden to smoke, and there were to be no private visits with men -- not even their fathers.

她们被禁止进入饮酒场所，禁止吸烟，并且不得私下拜访男人——甚至包括她们的父亲。

A Pageant judge once asked Slaughter what to look for in a winner.

一位选美评委曾经问斯劳特，获胜者应该具备哪些特质。

"Honey," she answered, "just pick me a lady."

“亲爱的，”她回答道，“给我选一位女士吧。”

Vicki Gold Levi : She brought a respectability to the pageant.

Vicki Gold Levi：她给选美比赛带来了尊重。

She presented her girls with class, with style.

她为女儿们展现了优雅、时尚的一面。

She transformed the pageant by setting the standards high, by making it something that women would want to participate in.

她通过设定高标准、让女性愿意参加来改变了选美比赛。

Narrator : Sometime later, Slaughter slipped one final entry requirement into the Pageant by-laws.

旁白：过了一段时间，斯劳特在选美比赛章程中加入了一项最终的参赛要求。

Known as Rule Seven, the new regulation strictly limited Pageant participation to women "in good health and of the white race."

新规定被称为“第七条规则”，严格限制“身体健康的白种人”女性参加选美比赛。

Sarah Banet Weiser, Communication Scholar : Race has always factored into anyone's notion of ideal womanhood in the United States.

Sarah Banet Weiser，传播学者：在美国，种族一直是人们理想女性观念中的一个因素。

It's just that the way in which whiteness functions is through invisibility.

只是白色发挥作用的方式是通过隐形。

It's not seen as a race.

它不被视为一场比赛。

It's just the normal way to be.

这只是正常的方式。

It's just regular.

这只是常规的。

And it's really no different in the Miss America Pageant.

美国小姐选美比赛也是如此。

Tricia Rose : That's what's most interesting about it to me that we are supposed to believe that this is what American womanhood looks like.

特里西娅·罗斯：对我来说最有趣的是，我们应该相信这就是美国女性的样子。

And it really is an enormously narrow conception from facial features, you know, height, weight.

这确实是一个非常狭隘的概念，来自面部特征，你知道，身高、体重。

And then of course there are the most obvious more political categories: race, ethnicity and all of these things are very important in the historical understanding of the Pageant.

当然，还有最明显的政治类别：种族、族裔以及所有这些因素在选美的历史理解中都非常重要。

Each September, millions of Americans watched the annual newsreel of Miss America's crowning.

每年九月，数百万美国人都会观看美国小姐加冕的年度新闻短片。

She was featured in newspapers and advertisements, and honored with her own day at the World's Fair.

她出现在报纸和广告中，并在世界博览会上获得了自己的荣誉。

And when the United States entered World War II, and the Federal Government shut down most large public events, Slaughter convinced officials that the Pageant should be allowed to go on.

当美国加入第二次世界大战时，联邦政府关闭了大多数大型公共活动，斯劳特说服官员们应该允许选美继续进行。

"Miss America is emblematic of the nation's spirit," she told them, "and that spirit [continues] through war and peace, good times and bad." Permission was granted -- on the condition that the winner sell war bonds.

“美国小姐是国家精神的象征，”她告诉她们，“这种精神在战争与和平、顺境与逆境中持续存在。”获得了许可——但条件是获胜者必须出售战争债券。

Kathy Peiss : The early period of the 1940's is one where we see women being mobilized for the war effort.

Kathy Peiss：20 世纪 40 年代初期，我们看到妇女被动员起来参战。

They're being encouraged to take jobs, to work more than full time to support the war effort.

他们被鼓励去工作，做更多的全职工作来支持战争。

At the same time, those women are encouraged to maintain their femininity and their beauty.

同时，鼓励这些女性保持女性气质和美丽。

And there's a huge effort to sell women lipstick, to see cosmetics as morale boosters.

人们还大力推销女性口红，将化妆品视为士气助推器。

And they are one product that is not rationed during the war.

它们是战争期间不配给的一种产品。

There's an attempt to ration cosmetics but it's overturned within six months.

有人曾尝试对化妆品进行配给，但六个月内就被推翻了。

Women are given the pitch that one of the reasons we're fighting the war is for women to be beautiful.

女性被告知我们参加这场战争的原因之一是让女性变得美丽。

Narrator : Lenora Slaughter believed there was more to a woman than her looks -- and she wanted Miss America to prove it.

旁白：莱诺拉·斯劳特相信，对于一个女人来说，除了外表之外还有更多的东西——她希望美国小姐能够证明这一点。

So in 1944, she convinced the Pageant's new board of directors to award Miss America a scholarship to college.

因此，1944 年，她说服选美大赛的新董事会向美国小姐颁发大学奖学金。

Raising money proved a bigger challenge.

事实证明，筹集资金是一个更大的挑战。

Of the 236 companies Slaughter approached for contributions, only five signed on as sponsors.

Slaughter 向 236 家公司寻求捐款，但只有 5 家公司签约成为赞助商。

But between them, Slaughter had enough cash for a five thousand-dollar prize -- and in 1945, the Miss America Pageant became one of the first organizations in the country to offer college scholarships to women.

但他们之间，斯劳特有足够的现金来赢得 5000 美元的奖金 - 1945 年，美国小姐选美比赛成为美国最早向女性提供大学奖学金的组织之一。

Vicki Gold Levi : That's immediately what redefined Miss America because no other pageant, competition, beauty contest was giving scholarship money.

Vicki Gold Levi：这立即重新定义了美国小姐，因为没有其他选美、比赛、选美比赛提供奖学金。

And by doing this it really, really set the pageant in a different category.

通过这样做，它确实将选美比赛置于不同的类别中。

You didn't have to go in there just to prove you had a pretty figure, you could go in there to prove you had brains.

你不必只是为了证明你有漂亮的身材而去那里，你可以去那里证明你有头脑。

Narrator : Among those vying for the first scholarship in 1945 was a twenty-one year-old New Yorker named Bess Myerson.

旁白：1945 年，争夺第一笔奖学金的人中有一位 21 岁的纽约人，名叫贝丝·迈尔森 (Bess Myerson)。

The American-born daughter of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Myerson had paid her own way through New York's Hunter College by giving piano lessons in the Bronx neighborhood where she grew up.

迈尔森出生于美国，父母是俄罗斯犹太移民，她通过在她长大的布朗克斯区教授钢琴课的方式自费考入纽约亨特学院。

Now she hoped to go on to graduate school, where she planned to study conducting.

现在她希望继续读研究生，并计划在那里学习指挥。

Bess Myerson, Miss America 1945 : Talent was very important because that was the way we were going to make our living.

贝丝·迈尔森 (Bess Myerson)，1945 年美国小姐：天赋非常重要，因为这是我们谋生的方式。

That's what we were going to support ourselves doing when we grew up.

这就是我们长大后要养活自己的事情。

The most important thing was that you do well at school...oh no. The most important thing was that you listened to your parents.

最重要的是你在学校表现出色……哦不。最重要的是你要听父母的话。

That you do well in school.

你在学校表现很好。

And that you play a musical instrument.

你会演奏乐器。

We never imagined anything else would be open to us.

我们从未想象过还有什么东西会对我们开放。

Narrator : To Lenora Slaughter, Myerson seemed the ideal candidate for the new scholarship prize.

旁白：对于莱诺拉·斯劳特来说，迈尔森似乎是新奖学金的理想候选人。

She was beautiful, talented, smart.

她美丽、才华横溢、聪明。

There was only one problem: she would have to change her name.

只有一个问题：她必须改名字。

Bess Myerson : Lenora Slaughter said my name was not a good name for show business.

贝丝·迈尔森：莱诺拉·斯劳特说我的名字对于演艺界来说不是一个好名字。

And I said well, you know I have no intention of going into show business.

我说好吧，你知道我无意进入演艺界。

I said, what do you want me to change it to?

我说那你要我改成什么？

Well you know there are a lot of good stage names like Beth...Beth Merrick.

嗯，你知道有很多好的艺名，比如贝丝……贝丝·梅里克。

I said...the problem is that I'm Jewish, yes?

我说……问题是我是犹太人，是吗？

And with that kind of name it'll be quite obvious to everyone else that I'm Jewish.

有了这样的名字，其他人就会很明显地知道我是犹太人。

And you don't want to have to deal with a Jewish Miss America.

你也不想和一位犹太美国小姐打交道。

And that really was the bottom line.

这确实是底线。

I said I can't change my name.

我说我不能改名字。

You have to understand.

你必须明白。

I cannot change my name.

我无法更改我的名字。

I live in a building with two hundred and fifty Jewish families.

我住在一栋有两百五十个犹太家庭的大楼里。

The Sholom Aleichem apartment houses.

肖洛姆·阿莱赫姆 (Sholom Aleichem) 公寓。

If I should win, I want everybody to know that I'm the daughter of Louie and Bella Myerson.

如果我赢了，我希望每个人都知道我是路易·迈尔森和贝拉·迈尔森的女儿。

Narrator : On September 3rd, Myerson and the other contestants appeared on Atlantic City's Boardwalk for the Miss America Pageant's opening ceremony: a victory parade to celebrate the end of the war.

旁白：9月3日，迈尔森和其他参赛者出现在大西洋城的海滨大道上，参加美国小姐选美大赛的开幕式：庆祝战争结束的胜利游行。

In the crowd was Myerson's older sister Sylvia.

人群中有迈尔森的姐姐西尔维娅。

Her mother, who spoke no English, had been left at home in the Bronx.

她的母亲不会说英语，被留在布朗克斯的家里。

Bess Myerson : The first night I compete with a group of girls on talent, I won.

贝丝·迈尔森：我与一群女孩进行才艺比赛的第一个晚上，我赢了。

Headline says, "Jewish Girl in Atlantic City Wins Talent in Miss America Pageant." Now we've just learned all the details of six million Jews being killed, slaughtered, burned, tortured.

标题为“大西洋城的犹太女孩在美国小姐选美比赛中赢得才艺奖”。现在我们刚刚了解了六百万犹太人被杀害、屠杀、焚烧和折磨的所有细节。

And naturally it attracts attention, and the juxtaposition of the two things was so improbable.

它自然会引起人们的注意，而这两件事的并置是不可能的。

There were people that would come to the hotel where I was staying with my sister, and they would introduce themselves to me and say I'm Jewish, and it's just wonderful that you're in this contest.

有人会来到我和姐姐住的酒店，他们会向我做自我介绍，并说我是犹太人，你参加这次比赛真是太好了。

But how about when people came up to you with numbers on their arms, which they did as well, and said, you see this?

但是，当人们手臂上戴着数字走到你面前（他们也这样做了）并说，你看到这个时，情况又如何呢？

You have to win.

你必须赢。

You have to show the world that we are not ugly.

你必须向世界证明我们并不丑陋。

That we shouldn't be disposed of and so on however they worded it.

不管他们怎么说，我们不应该被处置等等。

I have to tell you that I felt this tremendous responsibility.

我必须告诉你，我感到了巨大的责任。

I owed it to those women to give them a present, a gift, that to them was the gift.

我欠那些女人一份礼物，一份礼物，这对她们来说就是礼物。

Narrator : On the second night of preliminaries, Myerson scored another win, in the swimsuit competition, and she now seemed a strong favorite for the finals.

旁白：预赛第二天晚上，迈尔森在泳装比赛中再次获胜，现在看来她是决赛的热门人选。

"The new Miss America will either be Miss New York City, Bess Myerson," one newspaper predicted, "or somebody else."

一份报纸预测：“新的美国小姐要么是纽约市小姐贝丝·迈尔森，要么是其他人。”

Archival Newsreel : They're about to pick Miss America of 1945.

档案新闻片：他们即将选出 1945 年美国小姐。

Well, they've made their choice and the crown goes to Miss New York City, a 21-year-old, 5'10" brunette, Bess Myerson, Hunter College graduate.

好吧，他们已经做出了选择，桂冠颁给了纽约市小姐，她是一位 21 岁、身高 5 英尺 10 英寸的黑发美女，贝丝·迈尔森 (Bess Myerson)，亨特学院 (Hunter College) 毕业生。

Narrator : By the time Myerson's name was announced, her sister Sylvia was already in tears.

旁白：当迈尔森的名字被宣布时，她的妹妹西尔维娅已经泪流满面。

From the audience came shouts of "Mazel tov!" "Don't let anybody kid you," Myerson said years later.

观众席中传来“Mazel tov！”的呼喊声。 “不要让任何人欺骗你，”迈尔森多年后说道。

"It was one hell of a terrific moment."

“这是一个非常棒的时刻。”

Vicki Gold Levi : Bess was the answer to every Jewish woman's dream.

Vicki Gold Levi：贝丝是每个犹太女性梦想的答案。

Her win was such a multilevel symbol.

她的胜利是一个多层次的象征。

It was a symbol of a certain statement against anti-Semitism.

它是某种反对反犹太主义声明的象征。

It was a symbol of a victory against Hitler.

这是对抗希特勒胜利的象征。

It was a symbol for women, and when she won there was great celebration in our house.

这是女性的象征，当她获胜时，我们家举行了盛大的庆祝活动。

It was like when Roosevelt won or something.

就像罗斯福获胜之类的。

Narrator : Myerson expected to spend her reign making appearances and promoting the Pageant's new sponsors.

旁白：迈尔森希望在她的统治期间不断露面并宣传选美比赛的新赞助商。

But after an obligatory four-week performance tour, where drunks in the audience demanded she play the piano in her bathing suit, there were few requests for her time.

但在为期四个星期的强制性巡回演出之后，观众中的醉汉要求她穿着泳衣弹钢琴，但很少有人要求她表演。

None of the sponsors wanted a Jewish girl —even a Jewish Miss America —posing with their products.

没有一个赞助商想要一个犹太女孩——甚至是犹太美国小姐——与他们的产品合影。

Bess Myerson : Half way through that year, I said to the pageant, I'm not available to you anymore because I want to do something else.

贝丝·迈尔森：那年过半，我对选美比赛说，我不能再为你们服务了，因为我想做别的事情。

I've met people from an organization called the Anti-defamation League.

我见过来自一个名为反诽谤联盟的组织的人。

And they've asked me to go out on a tour speaking at the high schools and colleges, speaking to students where there are problems having to do with anti-Semitism, with hatred, with racism.

他们邀请我去高中和大学巡回演讲，向存在反犹太主义、仇恨和种族主义问题的学生演讲。

And I did a speech called "You Can't Hate and be Beautiful."

我做了一个演讲，题为“你不能既恨又美丽”。

Sarah Banet Weiser : Bess Myerson took on the mantle of Miss America in a different way.

莎拉·巴内特·韦瑟：贝丝·迈尔森以不同的方式继承了美国小姐的衣钵。

It's the historical moment, it's her ethnic identity, it's her own aspirations, and all those put together you know provided a very different kind of Miss America and a very different kind of reign.

这是历史性的时刻，这是她的种族身份，这是她自己的愿望，所有这些加在一起，你知道，提供了一种非常不同的美国小姐和一种非常不同的统治。

Narrator : Myerson had made Miss America a scholar and a lady.

旁白：迈尔森让美国小姐成为一名学者和一位女士。

But the following year, pageant judges made it clear that looks still counted.

但第二年，选美评委明确表示，外表仍然很重要。

"It was the year they brought out the rubberized bathing suit," one of them said later, "and we voted for the girl with the best of everything showing."

“这一年他们推出了橡胶泳衣，”其中一位后来说道，“我们投票给了表现最好的女孩。”

Gloria Steinem : The swimsuit competition is probably the most honest part of the competition because it really is about bodies.

Gloria Steinem：泳装比赛可能是比赛中最诚实的部分，因为它确实是关于身体的。

It is about looking at women as objects.

它是将女性视为物体。

That's what it's about.

这就是它的意义所在。

The fact is that the most disqualifying part of the competition is how you look.

事实上，比赛中最让人失去资格的部分就是你的外表。

Margaret Cho : When you see their bodies, it's so interesting because they seem so not real.

Margaret Cho：当你看到他们的身体时，这很有趣，因为它们看起来那么不真实。

You don't see anything off.

你看不出有什么不妥。

They are so perfect and not sexual really but you just kind of these perfectly shaped women that their bodies are very smooth.

她们是如此完美，但实际上并不性感，但你只是对这些身材完美的女性感到她们的身体非常光滑。

There's no creases or lines, there's no stretch marks or nipples or hair.

没有折痕或线条，没有妊娠纹、乳头或头发。

It's kind of jarring.

这有点刺耳。

You think god whose body is like that?

你以为上帝的身体是这样的吗？

And then you think, oh, maybe I'm not the woman.

然后你会想，哦，也许我不是那个女人。

Maybe they're the women, and I'm not the woman.

也许她们是女人，而我不是女人。

And then you kind of feel like an imposter too.

然后你也感觉自己像个冒名顶替者。

Isaac Mizrahi : It's always so sort of...heartbreaking to watch the swimsuit competition because these...these good girls they're sort of like ooh, I'm such a piece of meat or something you know.

Isaac Mizrahi：观看泳装比赛总是让人……心碎，因为这些……这些好女孩，她们有点像哦，我是一块肉或者你知道的东西。

Of all the parts of the pageant that I feel victimize women the most, it's that part of the pageant.

在选美的所有部分中，我觉得最受女性伤害的是选美的那个部分。

These poor girls in those painful looking high heels my heart goes out to them.

这些可怜的女孩穿着那些看起来很痛苦的高跟鞋，我的心为她们感到难过。

But you know honestly if you have to wear a swimsuit and you have to parade, good, you should wear the high heels, because there's nothing better on your leg than a high heel.

但老实说，如果你必须穿泳衣并且你必须游行，那么，你应该穿高跟鞋，因为没有什么比高跟鞋更适合你的腿了。

Kate Shindle : I worked so hard to be ready to compete in swimsuit that I didn't dread it.

Kate Shindle：我非常努力地准备穿泳衣参加比赛，所以我并不害怕。

You know, I actually found it kind of empowering because I figured that once I could get over enough issues to walk around on the stage in a bathing suit in front of twenty million people, I could pretty much do anything I wanted to.

你知道，我实际上发现这有点赋权，因为我认为一旦我能够克服足够的问题，在两千万观众面前穿着泳衣在舞台上走来走去，我几乎可以做任何我想做的事情。

Archival Newsreel : "Go ahead and drool, it's Miss America time..."

档案新闻短片：“流口水吧，现在是美国小姐时间……”

Narrator : For more than a quarter century, the bathing suit competition had been the Miss America Pageant's feature attraction.

旁白：四分之一个多世纪以来，泳衣比赛一直是美国小姐选美比赛的特色项目。

But with the scholarship program now in place, Lenora Slaughter wanted to project a more dignified image.

但随着奖学金计划的实施，莱诺拉·斯劳特希望树立一个更有尊严的形象。

The challenge was to downplay the bathing suits without offending Catalina Swimwear, one the Pageant's major sponsors.

我们面临的挑战是在不冒犯选美大赛主要赞助商之一的 Catalina Swimwear 的情况下淡化泳衣的重要性。

In 1947, Slaughter struck the term "bathing suit" from the official Pageant vocabulary, and replaced it with the more athletic-sounding "swimsuit." Then, she banned two-piece suits from the competition, and announced that Miss America would now be crowned in an evening gown.

1947年，斯劳特从官方选美词汇中删除了“泳衣”一词，并用听起来更运动的“泳衣”取而代之。然后，她禁止在比赛中穿两件套西装，并宣布美国小姐现在将穿着晚礼服加冕。

Still, when most Americans thought of the Pageant, a girl in bathing suit was the first thing that came to mind.

尽管如此，当大多数美国人想到选美比赛时，首先想到的还是穿着泳衣的女孩。

Then along came Yolande Betbeze.

然后约兰德·贝特贝兹 (Yolande Betbeze) 也来了。

A twenty-one-year-old opera singer from Mobile, Alabama, Betbeze had been recently sprung from convent school when she captured her first local crown, Miss Torch 1949.

贝特比兹 (Betbeze) 是一位来自阿拉巴马州莫比尔市的 21 岁歌剧歌手，她刚从修道院学校毕业，就赢得了她的第一个当地桂冠——1949 年火炬小姐。

Miss Alabama wasn't far behind.

阿拉巴马小姐也不甘落后。

Yolande Betbeze, Miss America 1951 : I didn't plan on the Miss America Pageant.

Yolande Betbeze，1951 年美国小姐：我并没有计划参加美国小姐选美比赛。

I didn't know anything about it.

我对此一无所知。

I was in a convent for fourteen years.

我在修道院里呆了十四年。

The last four years in a cloistered convent, behind high walls, and no escape, and I was very naïve when I arrived in Atlantic City.

过去四年，我在一个与世隔绝的修道院里，在高墙后面，无处可逃，当我到达大西洋城时，我非常天真。

I mean coming from a small town in Alabama borrowing shoes of high heels and taking the braces off my teeth.

我的意思是从阿拉巴马州的一个小镇借来高跟鞋，然后把牙套从牙齿上取下来。

I had a ball.

我有一个球。

Narrator : The minute Betbeze stepped off the train in Atlantic City, Slaughter knew she was looking at the next Miss America.

旁白：贝特比兹在大西洋城走下火车的那一刻，斯劳特就知道她正在关注下一届美国小姐。

"Yolande was the sexiest, most glamorous thing I had ever laid eyes on," she later said.

“约兰德是我见过的最性感、最迷人的人，”她后来说。

Slaughter's new husband, a business manager for the Pageant, agreed.

斯劳特的新丈夫是选美大赛的业务经理，他对此表示同意。

"She can't lose," he predicted, "unless the women judges run away from her."

“她不会输，”他预言道，“除非女评委从她身边逃跑。”

Yolande Betbeze : I thought I was a little bit plain to be Miss America, but I knew that I would do well in talent as an operatic coloratura, and indeed I did...

Yolande Betbeze：我觉得我作为美国小姐有点平淡，但我知道我作为歌剧花腔演员的天赋会很好，事实上我做到了......

I did win the talent.

我确实赢得了人才。

The swimsuit was difficult.

泳衣很难。

Fortunately, it was a suit in good taste, one piece, white, nothing very revealing.

幸好是一套很有品味的西装，连体的，白色的，没有什么太暴露的地方。

But even so, I mean to stand up for the first time in your life in front of fifty thousand people in a bathing suit is...is awkward.

但即便如此，我的意思是，一生中第一次穿着泳衣在五万人面前站起来是……很尴尬。

ARCHIVAL NEWSREEL: The field is squared off at 16 curvaceous finalists.

档案新闻片：16 名曲线优美的决赛入围者角逐。

The winner is brown haired brown-eyed Yolande Betbeze, 21, of Mobile, Alabama.

获胜者是来自阿拉巴马州莫比尔市的 21 岁棕发棕眼 Yolande Betbeze。

Narrator : The morning after she was crowned, the new Miss America was summoned to a breakfast meeting, where she was to be briefed on her duties for the coming year.

旁白：加冕后的第二天早上，新任美国小姐被召集参加早餐会，会上她将被告知来年的职责。

Yolande Betbeze : I did not know what to expect with this.

Yolande Betbeze：我不知道会发生什么。

So I arrived and they...all these...these suits were sitting about.

所以我到了，他们……所有这些……这些西装都坐在那儿。

Older men, board of directors, congratulated me and said now Miss Betbeze, this is what I represent, this is what you're going to do for us.

董事会中的年长人士向我表示祝贺，并说现在贝特比兹小姐，这就是我所代表的，这就是你将为我们做的事情。

Then it came to the bathing suit, the most important sponsor.

接下来就是最重要的赞助商泳衣了。

And this man said to me, November we'll be in Wyoming, and you'll wear this and that bathing suit.

这个人对我说，十一月我们会去怀俄明州，你会穿这个那个泳衣。

I said wait a minute please.

我说请等一下。

No. No way.

不，不可能。

To...go into Milwaukee in the middle of the winter and walk around a department store in a bathing suit is not my idea of Miss America, scholarship foundation, the reason I'm here.

在隆冬去密尔沃基，穿着泳衣在百货商店里走来走去，这不是我对美国小姐、奖学金基金会的想法，也不是我来这里的原因。

And he really, really thought I had lost my mind.

他真的真的以为我疯了。

He couldn't believe it.

他简直不敢相信。

Ric Ferentz : I love the fact that she made the statement that she had to play their game to become Miss America and once she became Miss America they had to play by her game.

里克·费伦茨：我很喜欢她的声明，即她必须发挥自己的游戏才能成为美国小姐，一旦她成为美国小姐，他们就必须按照她的游戏行事。

I thought it was very bold of her to say to one of its major sponsors which was Catalina that she just wasn't going to pose in a swimsuit, that she was an opera singer, she was not a pinup.

我认为她对卡塔琳娜的主要赞助商之一说她只是不会穿泳衣摆姿势，她是一名歌剧歌手，而不是海报女郎，这是非常大胆的。

Narrator : Catalina withdrew its sponsorship of Miss America, and soon launched not one, but two pageants of its own -- Miss USA and Miss Universe.

旁白：卡特琳娜撤回了对美国小姐的赞助，并很快推出了自己的不是一场而是两场选美比赛——美国小姐和环球小姐。

Both judged contestants entirely on looks and absolutely required them to wear Catalina swimsuits.

两人都完全根据外表来评判参赛者，并且绝对要求他们穿卡特琳娜泳衣。

Vicki Gold Levi : For the Pageant there was always this pull between the pulchritude and the pulpit.

Vicki Gold Levi：对于选美比赛来说，美丽和讲坛之间总是存在着这种吸引力。

There was always this sort of dichotomy about how are you an upstanding, religious, well-educated girl and you could show your thighs and cleavage -- which is always kind of a theme of America anyhow, sexuality and godliness.

总是存在这样的二分法：你是一个正直、虔诚、受过良好教育的女孩，你可以展示你的大腿和乳沟——无论如何，性和虔诚始终是美国的一个主题。

The Elvis Presley phenomenon.

埃尔维斯·普雷斯利现象。

Shake your hips while singing "Nearer My God to Thee."

一边唱着“Nearer My God to Thee”一边摇晃臀部。

Narrator : In the fall of 1952, the Pageant's directors invited an up-and-coming Hollywood actress named Marilyn Monroe to serve as the Grand Marshall of the Boardwalk Parade.

旁白：1952年秋天，选美大赛的导演邀请了一位名叫玛丽莲·梦露的好莱坞新星女演员担任木板路游行的大元帅。

"She wore the first dress anybody had ever worn," that year's Miss America said later, "that was cut down to her navel." Monroe was not asked back to Atlantic City.

“她穿的是所有人穿过的第一条裙子，”当年的美国小姐后来说，“这条裙子剪裁到了肚脐。”门罗没有被要求返回大西洋城。

Narrator : It had taken nearly three decades to transform Miss America from a local celebrity to a national phenomenon.

旁白：美国小姐从当地名人变成全国现象，花了近三十年的时间。

But making her a household name would take just one night —September 11th, 1954, when Miss America would be crowned live on national television.

但让她成为家喻户晓的名字只需要一个晚上的时间——1954 年 9 月 11 日，届时美国小姐的加冕仪式将在国家电视台现场直播。

The Pageant's board of directors had asked former Miss America Bess Myerson to provide backstage commentary for the viewers at home, and had even invited Academy award-winning actress Grace Kelly to judge the competition.

选美大赛的董事会邀请前美国小姐贝丝·迈尔森为国内观众提供后台评论，甚至还邀请了奥斯卡获奖女演员格蕾丝·凯利担任比赛评委。

Now, as the cameras wheeled into position on Atlantic City's Convention Hall stage, ABC sent out the broadcast signal -- and television audiences coast-to-coast joined the Miss America finals already in progress.

现在，当摄像机转到大西洋城会议厅舞台上的位置时，美国广播公司发出了广播信号——全国各地的电视观众都观看了正在进行中的美国小姐决赛。

Archival : "Live from Atlantic City .

档案：“来自大西洋城。

.

。

.

。

"

”

Lee Meriwether, Miss America 1955 : The only time I really noticed a camera was we were waiting to have the crowning.

Lee Meriwether，1955 年美国小姐：我唯一一次真正注意到摄像机是在我们等待加冕的时候。

I saw a television camera, and it was coming toward us, so I thought, ooh it's...it's time.

我看到一个电视摄像机，它正朝我们走来，所以我想，哦，是……是时候了。

And then I saw Lenora Slaughter, the head of the pageant bringing a banner over, and she put it on my lap.

然后我看到选美大赛的负责人莱诺拉·斯劳特（Lenora Slaughter）拿着一面横幅过来，她把它放在我的腿上。

She said, Lee, you're our Miss America.

她说，李，你是我们的美国小姐。

Archival : 19 year old, Lee Ann Meriwether of San Francisco, California.

档案：19 岁，加利福尼亚州旧金山市的 Lee Ann Meriwether。

She triumphed over 49 other...

她战胜了其他 49 名选手...

Lee Meriwether : My head flipped back and that is all I remember.

Lee Meriwether：我的头向后一转，这就是我所记得的。

And I was crying hysterically.

我歇斯底里地哭泣。

Crying, crying, I couldn't stop, but I do remember my mother being pulled backstage.

哭啊哭啊，我无法停止，但我记得我妈妈被拉到后台。

And my mother said, stop your sniveling.

我妈妈说，别再哭了。

And that did it.

就这样完成了。

Narrator : More than 27 million people, nearly half of the television audience, watched the Miss America Pageant that night -- in a broadcast that broke all records for TV viewership.

旁白：超过 2700 万人（近一半的电视观众）观看了当晚的美国小姐选美比赛，这场直播打破了电视收视率的所有记录。

"To think that folks out in Idaho could see this was just amazing," one Pageant volunteer recalled.

“想到爱达荷州的人们都能看到这一幕真是太棒了，”一位选美志愿者回忆道。

"It just knocked everything off the airwaves."

“它让电视上的一切都消失了。”

William Goldman, Screenwriter : The Miss America contest was something that seemed very glamorous to all of us in the thirties and forties and fifties.

威廉·戈德曼（William Goldman），编剧：美国小姐大赛对我们所有人来说都是三、四、五十年代非常迷人的事情。

But all we ever saw of it were snippets on newsreels in movie theaters.

但我们所看到的只是电影院新闻片上的片段。

And then suddenly when television happened, here was this fabulous event and in that period it was incredibly popular.

然后突然间，当电视出现时，这是一个神话般的事件，在那个时期它非常受欢迎。

When you look at old black and white television now it looks so prehistoric, but my god, it was free, it was in your house, you could watch it.

当你现在看旧的黑白电视时，它看起来是如此史前，但天哪，它是免费的，它在你家里，你可以观看它。

And it changed everything.

它改变了一切。

Narrator : By the second broadcast, the Pageant had been redesigned for TV, and a celebrity singer and announcer had been hired to serve as the regular master of ceremonies.

旁白：到了第二次播出时，选美比赛已针对电视进行了重新设计，并聘请了一位名人歌手和播音员作为常规主持人。

The forty-year-old star of a popular TV program called Stop the Music; he was known to audiences across the country as the guy with "the smile you can read by." His name was Bert Parks.

四十岁的流行电视节目“停止音乐”的明星；他被全国观众称为“有着可以读懂的微笑”的人。他的名字叫伯特·帕克斯。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: Thank you very much.

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯：非常感谢。

Thank you.

谢谢你。

Good Evening.

晚上好。

What a wonderful audience ...

多么精彩的观众啊...

Leonard Horn : Bert Parks came along at just the right time.

伦纳德·霍恩：伯特·帕克斯的出现恰逢其时。

And his ability to be funny, to be extemporaneous, to be silly, and yet at the same time allow the women to be the stars of the show was a perfect, series of ingredients that the Miss America program needed at that time.

他的幽默、即兴、愚蠢的能力，同时又让女性成为节目的明星，这是当时美国小姐节目所需要的完美的一系列要素。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: "Hi.

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯：“嗨。

And this of course ladies and gentlemen is Miss Oklahoma.

女士们先生们，这当然是俄克拉荷马小姐。

From what city please?" Miss Oklahoma: "I'm from Alva, Oklahoma." Parks: "Alva?" Miss Oklahoma: "Alva." Parks "What is the population of Alva?" Miss Oklahoma: "7000." Parks: "7000.

请问来自哪个城市？” 俄克拉荷马小姐：“我来自俄克拉荷马州阿尔瓦。” 帕克斯：“阿尔瓦？” 俄克拉荷马小姐：“阿尔瓦。” 帕克斯“阿尔瓦有多少人口？” 俄克拉荷马小姐：“7000。” 帕克斯：“7000。

What's Alva most famous for?" Miss Oklahoma: "Wheat and cattle and my daddy's bakery." Parks: "Golden Krust bakery, call him up tonight."

阿尔瓦最出名的是什么？” 俄克拉荷马小姐：“小麦和牛，还有我爸爸的面包店。” 帕克斯：“金壳面包店，今晚给他打电话。”

Vicki Gold Levi : I don't know if he would fly today, but he was really into the girls, the women, and that's what made Bert Parks so different.

Vicki Gold Levi：我不知道他今天是否会坐飞机，但他真的很喜欢女孩、女人，这就是伯特·帕克斯如此与众不同的原因。

He wasn't a celebrity flown in on a Saturday night.

他不是周六晚上飞来的名人。

He was there all week getting to know them.

他整个星期都在那里了解他们。

They trusted him.

他们信任他。

He loved what he was doing, and he really was one of the defining factors that made households and television households love Miss America.

他热爱自己所做的事情，他确实是让家庭和电视家庭喜爱美国小姐的决定性因素之一。

And when he sang "There She Is" that was it.

当他唱“There She Is”时，就是这样。

There she was.

她就在那儿。

Narrator : Making its debut right alongside Parks was the official Miss America theme song.

旁白：与帕克斯一起首次亮相的是美国小姐的官方主题曲。

Composed in just under an hour by a New York songwriter named Bernie Wayne, the song was an instant hit.

这首歌由纽约作曲家伯尼·韦恩 (Bernie Wayne) 在不到一个小时的时间内创作而成，一炮而红。

It would soon be as recognizable as the national anthem.

它很快就会像国歌一样被人们所熟知。

Kathy Peiss : It evokes a wedding with Bert Parks kind of giving away the...

凯西·佩斯：这让人想起与伯特·帕克斯的婚礼，有点放弃了……

bride, or...in his youth he was more of the groom.

新娘，或者说……在他年轻的时候，他更像是新郎。

It evokes the debutante ball.

它让人想起初次亮相的舞会。

There is this real sense of suddenly being the most beautiful woman at the ball.

有一种突然成为舞会上最美丽的女人的真实感觉。

And so there is this sense that this could happen to anyone, or at least that's the fantasy, that this could happen to any girl.

所以有一种感觉，这可能发生在任何人身上，或者至少这是幻想，这可能发生在任何女孩身上。

Julia Alvarez : We didn't see a whole lot of what it was like to be an American woman.

朱莉娅·阿尔瓦雷斯：我们并没有完全了解作为一名美国女性是什么样子。

This was our little window into what it was like, what this world was like.

这是我们了解这个世界是什么样子的一个小窗口。

It was a way to, I don't know, climb the ladder of success.

我不知道，这是攀登成功阶梯的一种方式。

And so you know it was like watching a female version of a Horatio Alger story.

所以你知道，这就像观看霍雷肖·阿尔杰故事的女性版本。

Lee Meriwether : I had no knowledge of the pageant really at all.

李·梅里韦瑟：我对选美比赛一无所知。

I knew there was a Miss America Pageant, but I thought it was a quote unquote bathing beauty contest, and as such I would never have entered.

我知道有美国小姐选美比赛，但我认为这是一场引述不引述的沐浴选美比赛，因此我永远不会参加。

And then my father passed away and just my life sort of stopped right there.

然后我父亲去世了，我的生活就在那里停止了。

And my mother said the money is no longer here, daddy's gone and if you want to continue on with school, that's the thing, go to Atlantic City.

我妈妈说钱不在这里了，爸爸走了，如果你想继续上学，就是这样，去大西洋城。

Gloria Steinem : Beauty contests are ways that if you live in a poor neighborhood, you can imagine getting ahead because it is a way up.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆（Gloria Steinem）：如果你生活在贫困社区，选美比赛是你可以想象获得成功的一种方式，因为这是一种向上的方式。

It is a way to scholarships, to attention, and it's one of the few things that you see out there as a popular symbol.

这是获得奖学金、获得关注的一种方式，也是少数几个被视为流行标志的事物之一。

When I was living in a kind of factory working neighborhood of Toledo, the K-Part television Miss TV contest, something like that, was advertised.

当我住在托莱多的一个工厂工作区时，K-Part 电视台的电视小姐大赛之类的广告就有了。

And I decided I would try to enter the contest even though I was underage.

我决定即使我还未成年，也要尝试参加比赛。

I think I was 16 and the limit was, was 18.

我想我当时16岁，极限是18岁。

So I lied about my age.

所以我谎报了自己的年龄。

It wasn't a terrible experience.

这不是一次可怕的经历。

It was a surrealistic experience.

这是一次超现实主义的经历。

You had to put on your bathing suit and walk and stand on a beer keg.

你必须穿上泳衣，行走并站在啤酒桶上。

I did three or four different kinds of dances.

我跳了三四种不同的舞蹈。

Spanish and Russian and heaven knows what.

西班牙语和俄语，天知道是什么。

I thought I would get money for college.

我以为我可以赚到大学学费。

And it seemed glamorous.

而且看起来很迷人。

It seemed to me in high school like a way out of a not too great life in a pretty poor neighborhood.

对我来说，在高中时，这似乎是摆脱贫困社区不太美好生活的一种出路。

Narrator : By 1958, Atlantic City's local tourist attraction had become one of the most popular television events in the country.

旁白：到 1958 年，大西洋城的当地旅游景点已成为该国最受欢迎的电视节目之一。

With networks competing over the broadcasting contract, and companies clamoring to provide the high-profile program with sponsorship, the Miss America Pageant could now afford to award over 200,000 dollars worth of scholarships.

随着电视网络争夺广播合同，以及公司争相为这一备受瞩目的节目提供赞助，美国小姐选美比赛现在有能力颁发价值超过 20 万美元的奖学金。

But winning money for college was only part of the Pageant's appeal.

但为大学赢得金钱只是选美比赛吸引力的一部分。

As every contestant knew, being crowned Miss America on national television could turn a small-town girl into an instant celebrity.

每个参赛者都知道，在国家电视台加冕美国小姐可以让一个小镇女孩立即成为名人。

Pageant Broadcast : I'm sure you all realize, ladies and gentleman, what a frightening experience it is for these young ladies, most of whom have never appeared in public before much less here in the convention hall in Atlantic City before some 25,000 people and over a full television network.

选美广播：女士们先生们，我相信你们都意识到，这对这些年轻女士来说是多么可怕的经历，她们中的大多数以前从未在公共场合露面，更不用说在大西洋城的会议厅里，在整个电视网络上向大约 25,000 人露面。

Narrator : One of the contestants that year was Mary Ann Mobley, a nineteen-year-old drama major with her eye on the Broadway stage.

旁白：那一年的参赛者之一是玛丽·安·莫布里，她是一位十九岁的戏剧专业学生，她的目光投向了百老汇舞台。

A native of Brandon, Mississippi -- population twenty-five hundred -- Mobley had competed in her first pageant only two weeks before, at the personal request of Brandon's mayor, and had walked off with the state title.

莫布里是密西西比州布兰登人，人口为 2500 人，两周前，应布兰登市长的个人要求，参加了她的第一次选美比赛，并获得了州冠军。

Mary Ann Mobley, Miss America 1959 : Everyone was in shock.

1959 年美国小姐玛丽·安·莫布利：每个人都感到震惊。

I said to my Sunday school teacher, I said, Miss Long I can't believe I'm on the way to Atlantic City.

我对我的主日学老师说，我说，朗小姐，我不敢相信我正在去大西洋城的路上。

I mean, I had seen the previous Miss America.

我的意思是，我见过上一届美国小姐。

She was tall, I mean her legs started at my armpits.

她很高，我的意思是她的腿从我的腋窝开始。

And she had these wonderful features and long blonde hair, and I thought that's what Miss America should look like and I'm nowhere near that.

她有这些美妙的特征和长长的金发，我认为这就是美国小姐应该有的样子，但我离那还差得很远。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: and now ladies and gentlemen, we come to the talent competition...

选美比赛广播：伯特·帕克斯：女士们先生们，现在我们来参加才艺比赛……

Mary Ann Mobley : Now I have to tell you that I had never sung with an orchestra.

玛丽·安·莫布里：现在我必须告诉你，我从来没有和管弦乐队一起唱歌过。

And there I was in front of two football fields put together.

我站在两个足球场的前面。

Well, I was panicked.

嗯，我很惊慌。

And my horror was I was going to get out there and no sound was going to come out.

我害怕的是我正要出去，却没有发出任何声音。

And one of the stagehands tapped me on the shoulder and he said you go get 'em Mississippi.

一位舞台工作人员拍了拍我的肩膀，他说你去密西西比州吧。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: Mississippi, let's bring her on...

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯：密西西比州，让我们带她来……

Mary Ann Mobley : And they swagged the curtain and I thought I've got two options, I can run or I can walk out there.

玛丽·安·莫布里：他们拉开了窗帘，我想我有两个选择，我可以跑，也可以走出去。

And I said I can't embarrass my home state and myself by running away, I have to walk out there.

我说我不能因为逃跑而让我的家乡和我自己难堪，我必须走出去。

Pageant Broadcast : Mary Ann Mobley: Tonight as my talent, may I sing a portion of the lovely, "Un bel di" from Puccini's opera, Madame Butterfly.

选美广播：玛丽·安·莫布里：今晚，作为我的才华，我可以唱普契尼歌剧《蝴蝶夫人》中可爱的“Un bel di”的一部分。

Mary Ann Mobley : And I started "Un bel di," and it came out and it sounded okay.

玛丽·安·莫布里：我开始了《Un bel di》，结果出来了，听起来还不错。

And then I said stop, but I'm tired of being proper and cultured and of appreciating Beethoven, Puccini and Bach ...

然后我说停下来，但我厌倦了得体和有教养，也厌倦了欣赏贝多芬、普契尼和巴赫……

Pageant Broadcast : Mary Ann Mobley: I want to sing and dance to something that's solid and hot.

选美广播：Mary Ann Mobley：我想随着坚实而火热的东西唱歌和跳舞。

So, there'll be some changes made.

所以，将会做出一些改变。

Mary Ann Mobley : (SINGS) There'll be a change in the weather and...

玛丽·安·莫布利：（唱歌）天气将会发生变化……

Pageant Broadcast : (SINGING)...a change in the sea.

选美广播：（唱歌）……大海发生了变化。

And from now on, there'll be a change in me.

从现在开始，我将会发生改变。

My...."

我的……”

Mary Ann Mobley : They started to applaud.

玛丽·安·莫布里：他们开始鼓掌。

Pageant Broadcast : (SINGING)...nothing about me's going to be the same.

选美广播：（唱歌）……我的一切都不再一样了。

Mary Ann Mobley : And I said they like me, or else they're just applauding that I'm not going to finish the aria.

玛丽·安·莫布里：我说他们喜欢我，否则他们只是鼓掌说我不会完成咏叹调。

Ric Ferentz, Pageant Historian : I think Mary Ann was very popular because she was different.

Ric Ferentz，选美历史学家：我认为玛丽安很受欢迎，因为她与众不同。

She was tiny and spunky and had a little bit of guts.

她身材娇小，充满活力，有一点胆量。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: Here is your question, Miss Mississippi.

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯：这是你的问题，密西西比小姐。

What is your favorite topic when with a young man for opening the conversation?

与年轻人交谈时，您最喜欢谈论什么话题？

Mary Ann Mobley: Well, I've read different articles that tell you how to get along with the opposite sex, and the first thing that they say is get him to talk about himself.

玛丽·安·莫布里：嗯，我读过不同的文章，告诉你如何与异性相处，他们说的第一件事就是让他谈论自己。

So the first thing I ask is, Do you play football or what sport are you interested in?

所以我问的第一件事是，你踢足球或者你对什么运动感兴趣？

And then if he doesn't say anything, then you say, Well, what are your hobbies?

如果他什么也没说，你就说，好吧，你的爱好是什么？

And you go down the line from there and if you can't get him to answer you on any of those then you're just quiet for the rest of the evening.

从那里开始，如果你无法让他回答你的任何问题，那么你就在晚上剩下的时间里保持安静。

Ric Ferentz : I think that she showed a different side to Miss America.

里克·费伦茨：我认为她向美国小姐展示了不同的一面。

A more girl next door type.

更有邻家女孩的类型。

I think that more young women could relate to Mary Ann than they perhaps could to the Miss Americas that had preceded her.

我认为更多的年轻女性能够与玛丽·安产生共鸣，而不是与她之前的美洲小姐产生共鸣。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: First runner up, Joan Lucille McDonald, Miss Iowa.

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯（Bert Parks）：亚军，琼·露西尔·麦克唐纳（Joan Lucille McDonald），爱荷华州小姐。

Miss America ...

美国小姐...

Miss Mississippi.

密西西比小姐。

Mary Ann Mobley : Once I won, I came unglued.

玛丽·安·莫布里：一旦我赢了，我就崩溃了。

I mean, I'm not talking about glistening tears.

我的意思是，我不是在谈论闪闪发光的眼泪。

They were running down my chin onto my chest and my dress.

它们顺着我的下巴流到我的胸部和衣服上。

CBS ran that for a long time because you really saw someone terribly, terribly affected by what was happening in her life.

哥伦比亚广播公司 (CBS) 报道了很长一段时间，因为你确实看到某人因生活中发生的事情而受到严重、严重的影响。

But I remember thinking, what am I ...

但我记得我在想，我是什么……

what am I doing here, no one's going to believe this.

我在这里做什么，没有人会相信这一点。

And I'm not pretty enough to be Miss America, but here I am with a crown on my head.

我还不够漂亮，无法成为美国小姐，但我头上戴着王冠。

It's real, and how could it happen to the little girl from Brandon, Mississippi.

这是真的，这怎么可能发生在密西西比州布兰登的小女孩身上。

I think even now it evokes memories.

我想即使现在它也能唤起回忆。

I guess what I was really feeling was I was Cinderella.

我想我真正的感觉是我是灰姑娘。

Pageant Broadcast : "Everybody's got talent."

选美广播：“每个人都有才华。”

Pageant Broadcast : Over the years the talent competition has become the most significant and the most popular part of this decisive final night.

选美转播：多年来，才艺比赛已经成为这个决定性的决赛之夜最重要和最受欢迎的部分。

The ability to be poised and personable in the living room is a far cry from the ability to be self possessed on the stage of this great convention hall before a live audience of 25,000 people and a television audience of many millions.

在客厅里泰然自若、风度翩翩的能力，与在这个大型会议厅的舞台上，在 25,000 名现场观众和数百万电视观众面前沉着冷静的能力相去甚远。

Vicki Gold Levi, Atlantic City Historian : I do remember a girl having a talent where she told us how she packed her suitcase.

Vicki Gold Levi，大西洋城历史学家：我确实记得一个有天赋的女孩，她告诉我们她是如何收拾行李箱的。

I definitely remember that.

我绝对记得这一点。

And illustrators were big.

插画家都很有名。

They had big pieces of paper clipped on and they would quickly do cartoon sketches and things.

他们夹上大片纸，很快就会画出卡通草图之类的东西。

William Goldman, Screenwriter : I have this great memory of this beautiful blonde girl from Wisconsin whose talent was telling a fishing story with an accent.

编剧威廉·戈德曼：我对这位来自威斯康星州的美丽金发女孩有着美好的回忆，她的才华是用口音讲述钓鱼故事。

And she was just beautiful.

她很漂亮。

And it was...you were laughing at the screen even then, you couldn't believe that that was her talent, telling a story with a Norwegian accent.

甚至那时你就在屏幕上大笑，你无法相信这就是她的才华，用挪威口音讲述一个故事。

Isaac Mizrahi, Designer : I don't really remember any of the talent except that it was always terrible you know and completely not interesting.

Isaac Mizrahi，设计师：我真的不记得任何天赋，除了你知道的，它总是很糟糕并且完全不有趣。

And that you know what I used to think was a giant flop would get the biggest applause.

你知道我曾经认为是一个巨大的失败会得到最大的掌声。

Like I'd sit there thinking, wow that stank.

就像我坐在那里想，哇，太臭了。

And then the audience would just go mad, loving every second of it you know.

然后观众就会发疯，喜欢它的每一秒。

Leonard Horn, Former CEO Miss America Organization : A lot of people sat back and laughed at it.

美国小姐组织前首席执行官伦纳德·霍恩（Leonard Horn）：很多人都对此嗤之以鼻。

I always thought it was kind of cruel to laugh at it because here was a young woman that was competing her little heart out for a coveted prize that was important to her.

我一直认为嘲笑它有点残酷，因为这是一个年轻女子，正在用她的小心脏来争夺对她来说很重要的令人垂涎的奖品。

That's what the program was all about.

这就是该计划的全部内容。

It was another reason why it became so popular because it was every woman and every woman was competing.

这是它如此受欢迎的另一个原因，因为它是每个女性，每个女性都在竞争。

And every woman is not an accomplished singer or an accomplished monologist.

并不是每个女人都是一位出色的歌手或一位出色的独白者。

Margaret Cho, Comedian : If I had a talent I don't know what I would do.

Margaret Cho，喜剧演员：如果我有天赋，我不知道我会做什么。

I think that I would probably collate a script.

我想我可能会整理一个剧本。

Collate some new pages in a script.

在脚本中整理一些新页面。

That's...I'm really good at that, that's probably my talent, or operating a three hole punch, I can do that pretty swiftly and, I'm probably the best at that.

那是……我真的很擅长，这可能是我的天赋，或者操作三孔打孔器，我可以很快地做到这一点，而且我可能是最擅长的。

Isaac Mizrahi, Designer : What would I do as my talent?

Isaac Mizrahi，设计师：我会做什么来发挥我的才能？

I would probably sing a song.

我可能会唱一首歌。

Gloria Steinem, Writer : I wouldn't enter but now I would I suppose read something I'd written.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆（Gloria Steinem），作家：我不会参加，但现在我想读一些我写的东西。

Julia Alvarez, Writer : As my talent?

作家朱莉娅·阿尔瓦雷斯：作为我的天赋？

You know I worried about that.

你知道我担心这个。

I mean there was a way in which I thought I could never be that, but it wasn't just because of the beauty, I just didn't have any displayable talents.

我的意思是，在某种程度上我认为我永远不可能成为那样的人，但这不仅仅是因为美丽，我只是没有任何可以展示的才能。

I couldn't sing.

我不会唱歌。

I couldn't dance.

我不会跳舞。

I had an accent, so I couldn't do a dramatic part.

我有口音，所以无法演戏剧性的角色。

And I sort of wondered what I would do.

我有点想知道我会做什么。

Narrator : By 1960, the Miss America Pageant had become a national ritual.

旁白：到 1960 年，美国小姐选美比赛已成为一项全国性的仪式。

Each year, on the second Saturday in September, Americans gathered in their living rooms, switched on their sets, and settled in to see if their favorite contestant would capture the crown.

每年九月的第二个星期六，美国人都会聚集在客厅，打开电视机，坐下来看看他们最喜欢的选手能否夺得桂冠。

Five times over the next decade, the Miss America Pageant was the highest-rated show of the year.

在接下来的十年里，美国小姐选美比赛五次成为年度收视率最高的节目。

Pageant Broadcast : With her beauty, brains, poise and talent, the American girl has become the most envied and admired girl in the world.

选美转播：这位美国女孩凭借她的美丽、智慧、风度和才华，成为世界上最令人羡慕和钦佩的女孩。

Narrator : Richard Nixon claimed it was the only program his daughters were allowed to stay up late to watch.

旁白：理查德·尼克松声称这是他的女儿们唯一被允许熬夜观看的节目。

And all across the country now, little girls dreamed of becoming Miss America.

现在全国各地的小女孩都梦想着成为美国小姐。

Vicki Gold Levi : It was this time when I sort of call the debutante era of the pageant, sort of the late '50s, early '60s, when everyone looked like they were at a cotillion with the high white gloves and the crinolines and the big hoop skirts and they were for god, motherhood and apple pie.

Vicki Gold Levi：我把这个时期称为选美大赛的首次亮相时代，大概是 50 年代末、60 年代初，当时每个人都戴着高高的白手套、穿着衬裙和大箍裙，看起来就像是在参加一场舞会，他们是为了上帝、母性和苹果派。

They wanted to be good mothers, good wives.

她们想成为好母亲、好妻子。

They wanted to be supporters of what their husbands chose to do, they wanted world peace.

她们想要成为她们丈夫选择做的事情的支持者，她们想要世界和平。

Pageant Broadcast : Parks "This is a presidential election year.

选美广播：帕克斯“今年是总统选举年。

If a qualified woman were running for president, how would you feel about voting for her and why?" Contestant: If the men candidates running were qualified, I feet I would vote against her.

如果一位合格的女性竞选总统，您对投票给她有何感受？为什么？” 参赛者：如果竞选的男性候选人合格，我会投票反对她。

My reasons being that women are very high strung and emotional people.

我的理由是女性是非常紧张和情绪化的人。

They aren't reliable enough when it comes to making a decision, a snap decision.

他们在做出决定时不够可靠，而且是仓促的决定。

I believe that a man in such a predicament would be able to make a more justifiable and better decision.

我相信一个人在这样的困境下一定能够做出更合理、更好的决定。

Pageant Broadcast : Parks "What in your opinion constitutes the ideal wife?" Contestant: "I imagine that the ideal wife depends entirely upon the viewpoint of the husband."

选美广播：帕克斯“你认为什么才是理想的妻子？”参赛者：“我认为理想的妻子完全取决于丈夫的观点。”

Pageant Broadcast : Parks "Some sociologists say that American women are usurping the place of the male in American life and have become too dominant.

选美广播：帕克斯“一些社会学家说，美国女性正在篡夺男性在美国生活中的地位，并且变得过于占主导地位。

Do you agree or disagree and why?" Contestant: "I do agree w/that.

你同意还是不同意，为什么？” 参赛者：“我确实同意。

I believe that there are far too many women in the working world.

我相信职场中有太多女性。

I can see many cases where this is a necessary arrangement, but I do feel that a woman's place is in the home with her husband and with her children."

我看到很多情况下这是一种必要的安排，但我确实觉得女人的位置是在家里与丈夫和孩子在一起。”

Leonard Horn : The concept of Miss America as an ideal American woman was consistent with society's ideas of what an ideal young woman was.

伦纳德·霍恩：美国小姐作为理想美国女性的概念与社会对理想年轻女性的看法是一致的。

She was your everyday young girl who any man would be happy to call daughter, any man would be happy to call wife.

她是你平常的年轻女孩，任何男人都会乐意称她为女儿，任何男人都会乐意称她为妻子。

Miss America was the American girl next door.

美国小姐是美国的邻家女孩。

She was an ideal that many women aspired to.

她是许多女性向往的理想对象。

Narrator : Until now, the Pageant had managed to present a vision of ideal womanhood that most of the country shared.

旁白：到目前为止，选美大赛已经成功地展现了全国大多数人所共有的理想女性形象。

But by the mid-1960's, the all-American girl-next-door was changing fast.

但到了 20 世纪 60 年代中期，典型的美国邻家女孩形象正在迅速发生变化。

At a time when bikinis and miniskirts were all the rage, Pageant contestants continued to wear the regulation one-piece suits and dresses that fell within two inches of their knees.

在比基尼和迷你裙风靡一时的时代，选美比赛的参赛者仍然穿着规定的连体套装和长度在膝盖以下两英寸的连衣裙。

While anti-war protestors marched through the nation's streets, Miss America was in Vietnam, touring with the USO.

当反战抗议者在全国街头游行时，美国小姐正在越南随美国组织巡回演出。

And in a moment of sexual revolution, the Pageant's ideal remained wholesome and pure.

在性革命的时刻，选美比赛的理想仍然是健康和纯洁的。

Kathy Peiss, Historian : Well, the pageant bore no relationship to the reality of life in the United States at that moment.

历史学家凯西·佩斯：嗯，选美比赛与当时美国的现实生活没有任何关系。

The height of the Vietnam War, a period of great civil unrest, the civil rights movement and black power movements at their height, and the beginnings of a feminist movement.

越南战争的高峰期，巨大的内乱时期，民权运动和黑人权力运动的鼎盛时期，以及女权主义运动的开端。

The birth control pill, the counterculture, the origins of the gay and lesbian liberation movement.

避孕药、反主流文化、男女同性恋解放运动的起源。

All of these suggested that the pageant was terribly out of date and that it really was no longer relevant to the lives of women.

所有这些都表明，选美比赛已经过时了，它确实不再与女性的生活相关。

Gloria Steinem : It was a very exhilarating, affirming, funny explosion of rebellion and consciousness.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆：这是一次非常令人兴奋、肯定、有趣的叛逆和意识的爆发。

It was partly about taking off the symbols, the gloves, the little white gloves, the dyed to match shoes, and in the middle of all of that, the artificiality of the Miss America Contest was an obvious kind of cartoon.

部分原因在于脱掉符号、手套、小白手套、染色的鞋子，而在这一切之中，美国小姐大赛的人为性显然是一种卡通。

Narrator : In the spring of 1968, a 27-year-old writer and editor named Robin Morgan decided to take a stand -- and with help from a group called New York Radical Women, she began laying plans for a protest at the annual Miss America Pageant.

旁白：1968 年春天，一位名叫罗宾·摩根 (Robin Morgan) 的 27 岁作家兼编辑决定表明立场，在一个名为“纽约激进女性”(New York Radical Women) 的组织的帮助下，她开始制定在一年一度的美国小姐选美比赛中进行抗议的计划。

"Where else could one find such a perfect combination of American values?" Morgan argued.

“还能在哪里找到如此完美的美国价值观结合体呢？”摩根辩解道。

"Racism, militarism, and capitalism -- all packaged in one ideal symbol: a woman."

“种族主义、军国主义和资本主义——所有这些都包装在一个理想的象征中：女人。”

Robin Morgan, Writer : It seemed to me you know a sort of epiphany moment because it was the nexus of so many issues, beauty standards, money, women's freedom, objectification of women, patriotism, and all of this somehow wrapped up in motherhood and apple pie or virgin hood and apple pie, in terms of Miss America.

罗宾·摩根，作家：在我看来，你知道一种顿悟时刻，因为它是许多问题的联系，美丽标准、金钱、妇女自由、妇女的物化、爱国主义，而所有这些都以某种方式包裹在母性和苹果派或处女和苹果派中，就美国小姐而言。

So it seemed like my god, what is not to dislike about this?

看来天哪，这有什么不喜欢的呢？

Narrator : Word of the protest soon reached Atlantic City, and pageant organizers braced themselves for the picket line.

旁白：抗议的消息很快传到了大西洋城，选美活动的组织者们做好了迎接纠察线的准备。

It would be the first major demonstration of the women's liberation movement in the United States.

这将是美国妇女解放运动的第一次重大示威。

Robin Morgan : We had you know prepared for about maybe fifty people, and to do some guerilla theater, some songs, some chants, to picket on the boardwalk all day.

罗宾·摩根：你知道，我们为大约五十人做好了准备，并进行一些游击表演，一些歌曲，一些圣歌，整天在木板路上进行纠察。

What we had not counted on was that close to four hundred women showed up on the boardwalk.

我们没有想到的是，木板路上出现了近四百名女性。

They came from all over.

他们来自四面八方。

I mean they were carrying signs from Florida and from Wisconsin and some people drove from California, and that was just amazing.

我的意思是，他们举着来自佛罗里达州和威斯康星州的标语，还有一些人从加利福尼亚州开车过来，这真是太神奇了。

I mean it had clearly this protest tapped into something that was enormous and very, very moving.

我的意思是，这次抗议显然涉及到了一些巨大且非常非常感人的事情。

Gloria Steinem : They put on the boardwalk a big trashcan and dumped in it all kinds of symbols of the stereotypical female role, a steno pad, a dust mop, an apron, a bra, all of these things.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆（Gloria Steinem）：他们在木板路上放了一个大垃圾桶，里面倒了各种刻板女性角色的符号，速记垫，拖把，围裙，胸罩，所有这些东西。

I think they never did burn those items because they couldn't get a fire permit.

我认为他们从未烧过这些物品，因为他们无法获得消防许可证。

Just shows you we've been too law abiding.

只是表明我们太守法了。

Archival Footage : singing "Ain't she sweet.

档案片段：唱着“她不是很可爱吗？”

Makin' profit off her meat.

从她的肉中获利。

Beauty sells she's told, so she's out pluggin' it.

她被告知美女卖得很好，所以她不再插电了。

Ain't she sweet.

她是不是很甜蜜。

Ain't she quaint with her face all full of paint.

她脸上涂满了颜料，是不是很古怪。

After all how can she face reality?

到底她该如何面对现实呢？

Ain't she quaint."

她是不是很古怪。”

Narrator : The demonstration soon drew a crowd of more than 600 spectators -- most of them men, and nearly all unsympathetic.

旁白：示威活动很快就吸引了 600 多名观众，其中大多数是男性，而且几乎都没有同情心。

One suggested that the protestors throw themselves into the Freedom Trash Can.

一位建议抗议者将自己扔进自由垃圾桶。

Robin Morgan : The threats, the epithets, the screams were mostly from guys who would, you know lean over the barricades and do the usual.

罗宾·摩根：威胁、谩骂、尖叫大多来自于那些会（你知道）越过路障并做平常事的人。

I mean say sort of you know go back to Russia, you're commie pinko lesbian crazy broom riding witches.

我的意思是说，你知道回到俄罗斯吧，你是共产主义女同性恋疯狂骑扫帚女巫。

You name it.

你说出它的名字。

You're all too ugly to be in the Miss America Pageant.

你太丑了，不能参加美国小姐选美比赛。

Narrator : Inside Convention Hall, the Miss America contestants were running through one last rehearsal before show time.

旁白：会议厅内，美国小姐参赛者正在进行演出前的最后一次排练。

Outside, on the Boardwalk, the protestors were burning Bert Parks in effigy.

在外面的木板路上，抗议者正在焚烧伯特·帕克斯的肖像。

Parks was unfazed.

帕克斯并不担心。

When he got wind that one of the demonstrators was planning to infiltrate the Pageant finals that evening, he didn't miss a beat.

当他得知其中一名示威者计划混入当晚的选美决赛时，他没有错过任何一个机会。

"I'll grab her by the throat," he said, "and keep right on singing."

“我会掐住她的喉咙，”他说，“然后继续唱歌。”

Pageant Broadcast : 1968 Bert Parks sings, and Judy Ford crowned...

选美广播：1968 年伯特·帕克斯 (Bert Parks) 演唱，朱迪·福特 (Judy Ford) 加冕……

Narrator : Judy Ann Ford, an eighteen-year-old gymnast from Illinois, was the first blonde in eleven years to be crowned Miss America.

旁白：朱迪·安·福特，一位来自伊利诺伊州的十八岁体操运动员，是十一年来第一位加冕美国小姐的金发女郎。

"I'm so glad," she gushed to the press that evening.

“我很高兴，”那天晚上她对媒体滔滔不绝地说。

"I feel like it's a breakthrough."

“我觉得这是一个突破。”

Meanwhile, just four blocks from Convention Hall, at the Ritz Carlton Hotel, another ideal was about to be chosen.

与此同时，距离会议厅仅四个街区的丽思卡尔顿酒店，另一个理想即将被选择。

Calling itself a "positive protest," the Miss Black America Pageant had been scheduled to begin at midnight, in the hopes that newsmen would drop by when they left Convention Hall.

自称为“积极抗议”的美国黑人小姐选美比赛原定于午夜开始，希望新闻记者在离开会议厅时能顺便过来。

It was nearly three in the morning before nineteen-year-old Philadelphian Saundra Williams was crowned.

十九岁的费城姑娘桑德拉·威廉姆斯 (Saundra Williams) 加冕前已接近凌晨三点。

"Miss America does not represent us," Williams told the audience.

“美国小姐并不代表我们，”威廉姆斯告诉观众。

"With my title, I can show black women they, too, are beautiful."

“通过我的头衔，我可以向黑人女性展示她们也很美丽。”

Tricia Rose, Cultural Critic : Miss Black America is of course an effort to say well, look, trying to be like a white person is not what's at stake.

文化评论家特里西娅·罗斯：美国黑人小姐当然是努力说得好，看，试图变得像白人并不是什么问题。

But appreciating what is black is quite important.

但欣赏黑色是非常重要的。

So Essence Magazine emerges.

于是《Essence》杂志应运而生。

Black is beautiful, afros, you know, black women emphasizing that which is black as beautiful and so this was a way of saying, we exist as both a market and as a kind of esthetic really begins to take place in the late 1960s and gets even stronger in the late 70s and 80s.

黑色是美丽的，非洲式爆炸头，你知道，黑人女性强调黑色同样美丽，所以这是一种说法，我们既作为市场又作为一种审美而存在，真正开始出现在 20 世纪 60 年代末，并在 70 年代末和 80 年代变得更加强大。

Narrator : All the controversy of 1968 took its toll on Miss America.

旁白：1968 年的所有争议都对美国小姐造成了影响。

And before the year was out, Pepsi Cola, a sponsor of the Pageant for over eleven years, withdrew its support.

年底前，赞助该选美活动超过十一年的百事可乐撤回了支持。

"Miss America as run today," the company declared, "does not represent the changing values of our society."

该公司宣称：“今天的美国小姐竞选并不代表我们社会价值观的变化。”

Leonard Horn : Society was swirling around it but the Miss America pageant stayed the same, continuing to worship an outmoded ideal.

伦纳德·霍恩：社会围绕它旋转，但美国小姐选美保持不变，继续崇拜过时的理想。

In fact, the powers that be at the pageant never did learn.

事实上，参加选美比赛的权力们从来没有学习过。

They never did learn.

他们从来没有学习过。

They didn't because they regard the Miss America pageant as sacrosanct.

他们没有这样做，因为他们认为美国小姐选美是神圣不可侵犯的。

The Miss America pageant had developed a formula.

美国小姐选美比赛制定了一个公式。

The formula worked and nobody wanted to change it.

这个公式有效，但没有人愿意改变它。

Pageant Broadcast : Bert Parks: "You know often I've heard it said, "Is Miss America relevant today?

选美广播：伯特·帕克斯：“你知道我经常听到有人说，“美国小姐今天有意义吗？

Well, is personal achievement relevant, is scholarship, is good citizenship relevant?

那么，个人成就、奖学金、良好公民意识是否相关？

We think it is.

我们认为是的。

And we think it will be for a long time to come."

我们认为这将持续很长一段时间。”

Narrator : The Miss America Pageant still drew an enormous audience -- reaching a peak, in 1970, of over 22 million households.

旁白：美国小姐选美比赛仍然吸引了大量观众——在 1970 年达到顶峰，超过 2200 万家庭。

But then the ratings started to slip -- and the Pageant was finally forced to catch up with the times.

但随后收视率开始下滑——选美比赛最终被迫跟上时代的步伐。

Pageant Broadcast : Song and dance number: "Call Me Ms."

选美播出：歌舞编号：《叫我小姐》

Gloria Steinem : It just seemed as if they were just trying to keep the lid on.

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆：看起来他们只是想保守秘密。

You know they were just hoping against hope that...that somehow there wouldn't be too many demonstrations or that the contestants wouldn't stand up and raise a fist.

你知道他们只是抱着一线希望……希望不会有太多示威活动，或者参赛者不会站起来举起拳头。

You know somehow the people who ran the pageant were trying desperately to preserve it.

你知道，举办选美比赛的人们不遗余力地想保护它。

Narrator : The time had come for a new-style Miss America and in 1973, the Pageant found one in an aspiring attorney from Denver, Colorado named Rebecca Ann King.

旁白：新风格的美国小姐时代已经到来，1973 年，选美比赛在科罗拉多州丹佛市一位有抱负的律师丽贝卡·安·金 (Rebecca Ann King) 中找到了一位新风格的美国小姐。

Rebecca King Dreman, Miss America 1974 : I started watching it, the Miss America Pageant as a young girl and I wasn't really sure that it was the kind of young woman that I was going to be, because I knew I was going to be president of the United States some day.

丽贝卡·金·德雷曼 (Rebecca King Dreman)，1974 年美国小姐：我在还是个年轻女孩的时候就开始观看美国小姐选美比赛，当时我不太确定我会成为那种年轻女性，因为我知道有一天我会成为美国总统。

The young women looked a little Barbie dollish to me.

在我看来，这些年轻女子看起来有点像芭比娃娃。

They looked a little too made up to me and a little too world peace and I just didn't think I was that kind of young woman.

在我看来，她们看起来有点太化妆了，也有点太世界和平了，我只是不认为我是那种年轻女子。

Narrator : King was finishing up her senior year at Colorado Women's College, when a friend tried to talk her into entering the Miss America Pageant.

旁白：金在科罗拉多女子学院读完四年级时，一位朋友试图说服她参加美国小姐选美比赛。

Rebecca King Dreman : I said what's in it for me?

丽贝卡·金·德雷曼：我说这对我有什么好处？

She said there's scholarship money so you can go on to law school.

她说有奖学金，这样你就可以继续读法学院。

And so I said okay.

所以我说好吧。

I'll think about it, but don't tell anybody.

我会考虑一下，但不要告诉任何人。

Pageant Broadcast : King "During the past 23 years, my grandmother often said to me, that the character of the nation is determined through its womanhood.

选美直播：King “23年来，我的祖母经常对我说，一个国家的性格是由一个女人决定的。

Through the practice of law, I hope to make a productive contribution to mankind, and find the happiness of a fulfilled woman."

我希望通过法律的实践，为人类做出富有成效的贡献，找到一个有成就的女人的幸福。”

Rebecca King : I was really in it for the money.

丽贝卡·金：我真的是为了钱。

And I think it shocked the pageant when I said I was in it for the money.

当我说我参加选美是为了钱时，我认为这震惊了整个选美比赛。

And I didn't think it was strange at all.

而且我一点也不觉得这有什么奇怪的。

I said what is it?

我说那是什么？

It's a scholarship program, right?

这是一个奖学金计划，对吧？

Isn't that what we're here for?

这不就是我们来这里的目的吗？

Pageant Broadcast : Parks "The winner of a 15,000 dollar scholarship and our new Miss America Rebecca Ann King, Miss Colorado..."

选美广播：帕克斯“15,000 美元奖学金的获得者和我们的新美国小姐丽贝卡·安·金，科罗拉多小姐……”

Rebecca King : Well I didn't fall apart as Miss America.

丽贝卡·金：嗯，作为美国小姐，我并没有失败。

Walked over, got the crown on, and I think my mother received maybe a hundred letters because I didn't cry.

走过去，戴上王冠，我想我母亲可能收到了一百封信，因为我没有哭。

She didn't cry.

她没有哭。

What kind of Miss America do we have here on our hands walking down the runway not crying?

我们这里有什么样的美国小姐走在T台上不哭？

Narrator : For most Americans, the real surprise came later, when the new Miss America began speaking to the press -- and came out in favor of legalized abortion.

旁白：对于大多数美国人来说，真正的惊喜发生在后来，当新任美国小姐开始向媒体发表讲话并公开支持堕胎合法化时。

Rebecca King : It was right at the time of Roe v.

丽贝卡·金：当时正是罗伊诉案件的时候。

Wade.

韦德。

I thought a woman ought to have the right to choose whether to continue with the pregnancy or not.

我认为女性应该有权利选择是否继续怀孕。

And it just blew completely up and the Pageant never said not talk about it.

它完全爆炸了，选美比赛从未说过不谈论它。

Kathy Peiss : Well the Miss America pageant in the 1970's is faced with the growing politicization of women on both the left and the right.

凯西·佩斯：1970 年代的美国小姐选美比赛面临着左翼和右翼女性日益政治化的问题。

And one of the key moments of course is the Roe v.

当然，关键时刻之一是罗伊诉案件。

Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973.

1973 年韦德最高法院的判决。

So when Miss America comes out as pro-choice, inserting a political stand in the Pageant which had always seen itself as nonpolitical or apolitical it really is an important moment.

因此，当美国小姐以支持堕胎的立场出现，并在选美比赛中插入一个一直认为自己是非政治或非政治的政治立场时，这确实是一个重要的时刻。

Rebecca King : The pageant has always been a little behind the times, but it was definitely the '70s.

丽贝卡·金：选美总是有点落后于时代，但那绝对是 70 年代。

It was time for people to move on and the pageant was trying.

现在是人们继续前进的时候了，选美比赛正在努力。

Narrator : The national press applauded Miss America's new image.

旁白：全国媒体对美国小姐的新形象表示赞赏。

Even feminists, who had been protesting against the Pageant for half a decade, now called off their war and invited King to speak at the National Organization for Women's annual convention.

就连五年来一直抗议选美的女权主义者现在也取消了战争，并邀请金在全国妇女组织年度大会上发言。

Still Miss America's television audience continued to shrink, edged out by competition from new cable networks and dismissed by younger viewers as old-fashioned.

尽管如此，美国小姐的电视观众仍在不断减少，因为来自新有线电视网络的竞争而被淘汰，并被年轻观众认为是守旧的。

Leonard Horn : I think that a large number of people began not watching the Miss American pageant probably about the mid-70s.

伦纳德·霍恩（Leonard Horn）：我认为大概从 70 年代中期起，很多人就不再观看美国小姐选美比赛了。

The ideals upon which the Miss America pageant appeared to rest no longer seemed very exciting or relevant.

美国小姐选美所依据的理想似乎不再令人兴奋或相关。

And I think we lost a generation of people.

我认为我们失去了一代人。

Narrator : By the late 1970's, Pageant organizers were desperate for viewers and casting about for ways to update the show.

旁白：到 1970 年代末，选美比赛组织者迫切需要观众，并寻找更新节目的方法。

So they decided to fire Bert Parks, Miss America's master of ceremonies for a quarter of a century.

因此，他们决定解雇担任美国小姐四分之一个世纪的司仪伯特·帕克斯。

It was later reported that the Pageant's sponsors considered 65-year-old Parks "too old and too out of touch." The decision caused such an uproar that Tonight Show host Johnny Carson even held an on-air campaign to get Parks reinstated.

后来有报道称，选美比赛的赞助商认为 65 岁的帕克斯“太老了，太脱离现实了”。这一决定引起了轩然大波，以至于《今夜秀》主持人约翰尼·卡森甚至举办了一场直播活动，要求帕克斯复职。

The Pageant replaced him anyway.

选美无论如何还是取代了他。

But a new host did not bring new viewers.

但新的主持人并没有带来新的观众。

Tricia Rose : I was a teenager in the late-70s, and I, my recollection of the Pageant was that it just being a New Yorker, it just didn't seem to reflect what the City looked like to me.

Tricia Rose：我当时是 70 年代末的青少年，我对选美大赛的记忆是，它只是作为一个纽约人，它似乎并没有反映这座城市对我来说的样子。

So the pageant was a sort of helpful travelscape for me like oh this is what women look like in Texas and Florida.

所以这次选美对我来说是一种很有帮助的旅行景观，哦，这就是德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州女性的样子。

I was pretty much sure that the most blonde was going to be in the top two if not the number one slot.

我非常确定，如果不是第一名的话，最金发的人也会进入前两名。

If a brunette was going to win, it was because of some other extraordinary traits that were compensating, but I very much understood it as a tall, blonde, you know, Southern woman's festival.

如果黑发女人会获胜，那是因为其他一些非凡的特征正在补偿，但我非常理解它是一个高个子、金发女郎，你知道，南方女性的节日。

Margaret Cho : My father was very into it.

Margaret Cho：我父亲非常喜欢它。

And then, at one point when I was a little girl, I said oh I want to be one of those contestants.

然后，当我还是个小女孩的时候，我说哦，我想成为那些参赛者之一。

I want to grow up and do that, and he said no, oh no, you cannot do that, no. You know like, and I took it to mean that the beauty pageant was not open to all women.

我想长大后做到这一点，他说不，哦不，你不能那样做，不。你知道的，我认为这意味着选美比赛并不向所有女性开放。

I mean my father thought that this whole pageant was fascinating and we would pick out the winners, but I was not allowed to even entertain the fantasy of becoming one of these women.

我的意思是，我父亲认为整个选美比赛都很有趣，我们会选出获胜者，但我什至不被允许幻想成为这些女性中的一员。

And I thought well maybe I'm just not pretty enough.

我想也许我只是不够漂亮。

Maybe I'm just not white.

也许我只是不是白人。

Lencola Sullivan, Miss Arkansas 1980 : I remember always sitting in front of the television watching the Miss America every single year when I was a little kid, and I was the only one watching.

伦科拉·沙利文，1980 年阿肯色小姐：我记得当我还是个小孩子的时候，每年都会坐在电视机前观看美国小姐比赛，而且我是唯一一个观看的人。

Everybody else kind of went to bed, and I would be so excited, mom, mom, I got a ...

其他人都去睡觉了，我会很兴奋，妈妈，妈妈，我得到了......

I chose the first runner up or the second runner up.

我选择了亚军或者季军。

But the interesting thing about that, I always kind of saw myself on stage as well, although no one looked like me.

但有趣的是，我总是在舞台上看到自己，尽管没有人看起来像我。

There was no one who looked like me.

没有人长得像我。

Narrator : Twenty-year-old Cheryl Brown, Miss Iowa 1970, had been the first African-American woman ever to compete in Atlantic City.

旁白：20 岁的谢丽尔·布朗 (Cheryl Brown)，1970 年爱荷华州小姐，是第一位参加大西洋城比赛的非裔美国女性。

In the decade that followed, there had been just ten other black contestants -- and of those, only one had made the top five: Lencola Sullivan, Miss Arkansas 1980.

在接下来的十年里，只有十名黑人参赛者——其中只有一名进入前五名：1980 年阿肯色小姐伦科拉·沙利文 (Lencola Sullivan)。

Lencola Sullivan : You know I made history that night by being the first black woman to ever make top five in the Miss America Pageant's history.

伦科拉·沙利文：你知道那天晚上我创造了历史，成为美国小姐选美历史上第一位进入前五名的黑人女性。

And even though that was wonderful, of course I was sad that I didn't make it to the top and didn't walk away with the...the title of Miss America.

尽管这很棒，但我当然很遗憾我没有登上顶峰，也没有获得……美国小姐的头衔。

That was actually one of the questions that was asked of me when I competed, was...is America ready for a black woman to become Miss America?

这实际上是我参加比赛时被问到的问题之一，是……美国准备好让黑人女性成为美国小姐了吗？

And I said if Arkansas is ready, America is ready, but obviously America wasn't ready.

我说如果阿肯色州准备好了，美国就准备好了，但显然美国还没有准备好。

Narrator : But in 1983, the 61st year of the Miss America Pageant, everything suddenly changed.

旁白：但是到了1983年，美国小姐选美大赛的第61个年头，一切突然发生了变化。

Pageant Broadcast : 1983 Vanessa Williams singing and being crowned.

选美比赛广播：1983 年凡妮莎·威廉姆斯 (Vanessa Williams) 演唱并加冕。

Narrator : A twenty-year-old musical theater major at Syracuse University, Williams had entered the Pageant in the hope of breaking into show business.

旁白：威廉姆斯是雪城大学音乐剧专业的二十岁学生，他参加选美比赛是为了进入演艺界。

Like so many Miss America before her, she wanted to be a star.

就像她之前的许多美国小姐一样，她想成为一名明星。

But first, she would become a political symbol.

但首先，她要成为一个政治象征。

To some, the crowning of a black Miss America was a milestone in the struggle against bigotry.

对一些人来说，黑人美国小姐的加冕是反对偏见斗争的里程碑。

"Thank God I have lived long enough," said Congresswomen Shirley Chisholm, "that this nation has been able to select the beautiful young woman of color to be Miss America."

国会女议员雪莉·奇泽姆 (Shirley Chisholm) 说：“感谢上帝，我活得足够长，这个国家能够选出这位美丽的年轻有色人种女性作为美国小姐。”

Kimberly Aiken Cockerham, Miss America 1994 : I remember watching the pageant, and I don't know that I had watched it before and I remember her singing.

金伯利·艾肯·科克汉姆 (Kimberly Aiken Cockerham)，1994 年美国小姐：我记得看过这场选美比赛，但我不知道我以前看过它，而且我记得她唱歌。

I remember her performance.

我记得她的表演。

I remember her being crowned, I remember thinking wow, she looks like me.

我记得她加冕时，我记得我当时想，哇，她看起来像我。

This is something that I could do.

这是我能做的事情。

I had never to that point thought that Miss America was something that was for me or something that I could do.

到目前为止，我从来没有想过美国小姐是适合我的事情或者我可以做的事情。

So I think that that was a turning point for me.

所以我认为那对我来说是一个转折点。

I think everybody was shocked, excited and just looking forward to having a year where there was a Miss America that was black and would get to do all the great things that every other Miss America had ever done.

我想每个人都感到震惊、兴奋，并期待着这一年有一位黑人美国小姐能够做所有其他美国小姐曾经做过的伟大事情。

So I think it was just a time of excitement and anticipation.

所以我认为那只是一个兴奋和期待的时刻。

Narrator : Williams' fans made her the most heavily-booked Miss America in the Pageant's history.

旁白：威廉姆斯的粉丝使她成为选美史上报名人数最多的美国小姐。

Not quite ten months into her reign, she had already earned a record $125,000 in fees.

上任不到十个月，她就已经赚取了创纪录的 125,000 美元的费用。

William Goldman : I remember talking to some pageant people and they said that the best Miss Americas they ever had was Vanessa Williams.

威廉·戈德曼：我记得和一些选美人士交谈，他们说他们有史以来最好的美洲小姐是凡妮莎·威廉姆斯。

Apparently she was just sensational.

显然她只是耸人听闻。

She was just the most verbal, bright, terrific seller of the Miss America contest they'd ever had.

她是他们举办过的美国小姐比赛中最善于言辞、最聪明、最出色的推销员。

Narrator : But there were those who considered Williams' victory an affront.

旁白：但是有些人认为威廉姆斯的胜利是一种侮辱。

For the first time, Miss America received death threats and hate mail.

美国小姐第一次收到死亡威胁和仇恨邮件。

When she made appearances in the South, armed guards had to be posted at her hotel room door.

当她在南方露面时，武装警卫必须驻守在她的酒店房间门口。

And even in the African-American community, there were those who assailed her for not being "black" enough.

甚至在非裔群体中，也有人攻击她不够“黑”。

Then, in July of 1984, Williams was informed that an unauthorized pictorial, featuring explicit nude photos she had posed for two years earlier, was about to be published in Penthouse magazine.

然后，在 1984 年 7 月，威廉姆斯获悉一张未经授权的画报即将在《Penthouse》杂志上发表，其中刊登了她两年前拍摄的露骨裸照。

Pageant officials were quick to respond.

选美官员很快做出了回应。

Archival : L.

档案：L.

Horn press conference: "We do not believe that under the content and spirit of the rules as well as the contracts as well as the image of Miss America that she should remain Miss America and still give this particular program the vitality as well as the respect to which it is entitled.

霍恩在新闻发布会上表示：“我们认为，根据规则、合同的内容和精神以及美国小姐的形象，她不应该继续担任美国小姐，并仍然赋予这个特定项目活力和应有的尊重。

If we don't draw the line here, where do you draw the line?"

如果我们不在这里划清界限，那么你在哪里划清界限呢？”

Leonard Horn : The sponsors were waiting on the sidelines.

伦纳德·霍恩：赞助商们在场边等待。

We had received a warning that if we didn't handle this right, it didn't turn out right, they were going to pull out.

我们收到警告，如果我们处理不当，结果就不对，他们就会退出。

If they pulled out at the end of July, there would have been no money and no Miss American pageant in 1984.

如果他们在 7 月底退出，1984 年的美国小姐选美比赛就没有钱了，也没有了。

And there would not be a Miss America pageant today.

今天不会有美国小姐选美比赛。

That's how close we came.

我们就这么接近了。

Narrator : Williams was given 72 hours to resign.

旁白：威廉姆斯被要求在 72 小时内辞职。

She would be allowed to keep her scholarship and the money she had earned, but her title would be given to the first runner-up, Suzette Charles.

她将被允许保留她的奖学金和她赚到的钱，但她的冠军头衔将授予亚军苏泽特·查尔斯。

Archival/Vanessa Williams : "It is one thing to face up to a mistake that one makes in youth.

档案/凡妮莎·威廉姆斯：“正视一个人年轻时所犯的错误是一回事。

But it is almost totally devastating to have to share it with the American public and the world at large as both a human being and as Miss America.

但作为人类和美国小姐，不得不与美国公众和全世界分享这一点，这几乎是完全毁灭性的。

I put the session in the back of my mind and believed the photos would never be used for any purpose as the photographer had verbally assured me.

我把这次会议抛在了脑后，并相信这些照片永远不会被用于任何目的，正如摄影师向我口头保证的那样。

I never consented to the publication or the use of these photographs in any manner.

我从未同意以任何方式出版或使用这些照片。

Narrator : It was the first time in the Pageant's six-decade history that a Miss America was asked to give up her crown.

旁白：美国小姐被要求放弃王冠，这在选美大赛六年的历史上还是第一次。

Kim Aiken : A lot of people were very disappointed.

金·艾肯：很多人都非常失望。

And I think any community, any minority community looks to their role models that are so accepted and are so loved by everybody as a point of inspiration, and maybe at that point it is, you are let down that okay, these are choices that she made that have caused a lot of embarrassment to her and her family but also to the black community.

我认为任何社区、任何少数族裔社区都会将他们被每个人如此接受和如此喜爱的榜样视为灵感点，也许在那时，你会感到失望，好吧，这些是她做出的选择，给她和她的家人以及黑人社区带来了很多尴尬。

Tricia Rose : I do remember feeling ...

特里西娅·罗斯：我确实记得感觉……

incredibly sorry for her.

非常为她感到难过。

I just felt that she was carrying the weight of this whole history of vicious stereotypes about black women and simply by trying to win the Pageant, she was in a sense trying to counter many of those stereotypes.

我只是觉得她承受着整个历史上对黑人女性的恶性刻板印象的重担，仅仅通过试图赢得选美比赛，她在某种意义上就是在试图反击许多这些刻板印象。

And then to have these pictures emerge to undermine it was probably the most vicious way to have it because I would be stunned if she was the first Pageant contestant to have tried to raise money as a model by doing these kinds of pictures.

然后让这些照片出现来破坏它可能是最恶毒的方式，因为如果她是第一个试图通过拍摄此类照片作为模特筹集资金的选美选手，我会感到震惊。

I would be stunned if she were the first.

如果她是第一个，我会感到震惊。

But I wouldn't be surprised if people were more interested in finding hers to undermine it because she in a sense you know, by definition threw the rest of the contestants into stark relief.

但如果人们更有兴趣找到她来破坏它，我不会感到惊讶，因为从某种意义上说，你知道，根据定义，她让其他参赛者陷入了明显的解脱。

Narrator: The Vanessa Williams issue of Penthouse would ultimately bring in over 20 million dollars, the magazine's all-time, single-issue sales record.

旁白：凡妮莎·威廉姆斯出版的《阁楼》最终收入超过 2000 万美元，创下了该杂志单期的销售记录。

Margaret Cho : You know what's great about it is that she's the only Miss America that anybody remembers, and she's the only one that ever really became a star and that is what's really great is that her ...

玛格丽特·曹：你知道，最棒的是她是唯一一个被人记得的美国小姐，她是唯一一个真正成为明星的人，而真正伟大的是她......

she has the most kiss my ass story that you can triumph over anything so she's certainly a big hero of mine.

她有最精彩的故事，你可以战胜一切，所以她无疑是我心目中的大英雄。

Narrator : For a time, the scandal revived public interest in the Miss America Pageant, and ticket sales for the 1984 finals rose by twenty percent.

旁白：丑闻一度重燃了公众对美国小姐选美比赛的兴趣，1984 年决赛的门票销量上涨了百分之二十。

That night, after only two months as Miss America, Suzette Charles walked the Convention Hall runway to a standing ovation, before crowning her successor: 20-year-old Sharlene Wells, a tall, blonde Mormon whom USA Today described as "squeaky-clean."

那天晚上，在当选美国小姐仅两个月后，苏泽特·查尔斯 (Suzette Charles) 走上会议厅的跑道，全场起立鼓掌，然后为她的继任者加冕：20 岁的莎琳·威尔斯 (Sharlene Wells)，她是一位身材高大、金发碧眼的摩门教徒，《今日美国》形容她“一尘不染”。

Narrator : Confronted now by the possibility of scandals that Lenora Slaughter never could have imagined, Pageant directors drew up a new contestant contract, gradually adding dozens of regulations to which potential Miss Americas were subject.

旁白：面对莱诺拉·斯劳特从未想象过的丑闻的可能性，选美董事起草了一份新的参赛者合同，逐渐增加了数十条潜在的美洲小姐须遵守的规定。

Kate Shindle, Miss America 1998 : That you've always been female, is one.

凯特·欣德尔 (Kate Shindle)，1998 年美国小姐：其中之一就是你一直都是女性。

Is that hilarious?

这很好笑吗？

You have to sign a contract saying I've always been female.

你必须签一份合同，说明我一直是女性。

There is, there's a clause in the contract that you have never posed in the nude there's always a clause that you can't have ever, you can't be the natural or adoptive parent of a child that you have never done anything that could possibly be interpreted as illegal, immoral, unethical, whatever.

合同中有一项条款是你从未裸体拍摄过，总有一项条款是你永远不能拥有的，你不能成为孩子的亲生父母或养父母，因为你从未做过任何可能被解释为非法、不道德、不道德的事情。

And everybody signs the contract, but who didn't cheat on a second grade math test, you know what I mean?

每个人都签了合同，但谁没有在二年级数学考试中作弊，你知道我的意思吗？

Narrator : With the changes in the contract came a renewed campaign to portray Miss America as a "thinking woman" who could make a positive contribution to society.

旁白：随着合同的变化，一场新的活动将美国小姐描绘成一位能够为社会做出积极贡献的“有思想的女性”。

In 1989, Pageant officials introduced a new competition called "the platform," which required contestants to demonstrate on ongoing commitment to a social problem -- and to back it up with community service.

1989 年，选美官员推出了一项名为“平台”的新竞赛，要求参赛者展示对社会问题的持续承诺，并以社区服务作为支持。

Pageant Footage : Miss Florida 'Hello from the Sunshine State.

选美片段：佛罗里达小姐“来自阳光之州的你好”。

I'm devoted to promoting unity through the celebration of our cultural diversity' ...

我致力于通过庆祝我们的文化多样性来促进团结”...

Miss North Dakota, 'I am devoted to encouraging youth to postpone their sexual activities ...'

北达科他州小姐，“我致力于鼓励年轻人推迟性活动……”

Kate Shindle : It's one of those things that people love to make fun of.

Kate Shindle：这是人们喜欢取笑的事情之一。

I'd love to, I support world peace and I want to give everyone a flower.

我很乐意，我支持世界和平，我想给每个人送一朵花。

It's, it's the kind of stereotype that we abhor that we really want to get away from, and the way of doing that at least in my mind is to show that we can walk the walk as well.

这是我们所厌恶的、我们真正想要摆脱的刻板印象，至少在我看来，做到这一点的方法就是表明我们也可以言出必行。

Pageant Footage : Kate Shindle being crowned?

选美视频：凯特辛德尔加冕？

And talking about AIDS

并谈论艾滋病

Kate Shindle : Because I was talking about AIDS which was something people don't necessarily associate with the sort of conservative, white bread grass roots Miss America organization, it got a lot of media attention I took some flack for talking to students about sexual activity, certainly about abstinence but also about safer sex.

凯特·欣德尔（Kate Shindle）：因为我谈论的是艾滋病，人们不一定将其与那种保守的、白面包草根的“美国小姐”组织联系起来，所以它引起了很多媒体的关注，因为我与学生谈论性活动，当然是关于禁欲，还有更安全的性行为，所以受到了一些批评。

There are people who don't want you to come to their high school and say things like that.

有些人不希望你来到他们的高中说这样的话。

But I will tell you that Miss America got me so much access.

但我会告诉你，美国小姐给了我很多机会。

The fact that I was invited to speak at middle and high schools in middle America where they would never never invite an AIDS activist to come and speak to their kids.

事实上，我被邀请在美国中部的初中和高中演讲，在那里他们永远不会邀请艾滋病活动家来和他们的孩子演讲。

But they'll roll out the red carpet for Miss America and hope she brings her crown was an enormous part of what I felt was effective during that year.

但他们将为美国小姐铺上红地毯，并希望她能摘得桂冠，这是我认为那一年有效的重要组成部分。

Narrator : More than eighty years after the first contest was held in Atlantic City, the Miss America Pageant still endures.

旁白：第一届美国小姐选美比赛在大西洋城举行已有八十多年了，但它仍然存在。

It is one of the longest-running television programs in American history, seen by more than a billion people since its first broadcast in 1954.

它是美国历史上播出时间最长的电视节目之一，自 1954 年首播以来已有超过 10 亿人观看。

It is also the single largest scholarship organization for women in the world.

它也是世界上最大的单一女性奖学金组织。

Each year, 1200 state and local pageants are franchised by the Miss America Organization.

每年，美国小姐组织都会特许举办 1200 场州和地方选美比赛。

And each year, more than 10,000 young women enter those contests, all of them hoping Miss America's crown will change their lives.

每年都有超过 10,000 名年轻女性参加这些比赛，她们都希望美国小姐的桂冠能够改变她们的生活。

Kim Aiken : I think every contestant that comes to Miss America has a different agenda.

金·艾肯：我认为每一位参加美国小姐比赛的参赛者都有不同的议程。

Some contestants and I remember even my year said, I don't want to win this pageant, I really just want to be on TV.

我和一些参赛者甚至记得我的同龄人都说，我不想赢得这场选美比赛，我真的只是想上电视。

Some contestants come there because they want to be discovered by a modeling agency or they want to go into acting or broadcasting.

有些参赛者来这里是因为他们想被模特经纪公司发现，或者他们想进入演艺或广播行业。

Many contestants go because of their social activism.

许多参赛者是因为他们的社会活动而参加的。

Many contestants go just because they have this idea of Miss America with the crown and the walking down the runway and many contestants go for that reason.

许多参赛者参加比赛只是因为他们有“美国小姐”戴上王冠并走上跑道的想法，许多参赛者也是因为这个原因参加比赛。

Pageant Broadcast : 50's contestant: I would love to be your next Miss America .

选美广播：50 年代的参赛者：我很想成为你们的下一届美国小姐。

.

。

.

。

it would enable me to further my studies at Sacramento State College ...

它将使我能够在萨克拉门托州立学院继续深造......

It would also give the opportunity to meet many wonderful people that I wouldn't otherwise have the opportunity to meet ...

它还会让我有机会结识许多很棒的人，否则我就没有机会结识......

and it would considerably broaden my outlook on life ...

这将大大拓宽我的人生观......

I would love to be your next Miss America.

我很想成为你们的下一位美国小姐。

Margaret Cho : I think that women's roles have changed so much in the last twenty years that we are constantly looking for the outside world to tell us who we are and that we really search for this sure identity, for this sure being of who we are and the pageant is one way of defining ourselves.

Margaret Cho：我认为在过去的二十年里，女性的角色发生了很大的变化，以至于我们不断地寻找外部世界来告诉我们自己是谁，我们真正在寻找这个确定的身份，因为这个确定的身份是我们是谁，而选美是定义我们自己的一种方式。

Sarah Banet-Weiser : It's not you either love it or you hate it.

Sarah Banet-Weiser：不是你喜欢它，就是你讨厌它。

It's not it's either good or bad.

这不是好是坏。

It just doesn't fit that neatly into one of those boxes.

它只是不太适合那些盒子之一。

I think that what civic rituals do is that they are stories that we tell ourselves about ourselves.

我认为公民仪式的作用是它们是我们讲述自己的故事。

And I think that along with considering the Miss America Pageant as popular culture we needed to consider it as a civic ritual, as something that is about imagining citizenship and imagining, who we are, why we're here, what we're for.

我认为，除了将美国小姐选美视为流行文化外，我们还需要将其视为一种公民仪式，一种关于想象公民身份和想象我们是谁、我们为什么在这里、我们的目的的东西。

William Goldman : I wonder, I don't know, do little girls now of six and seven dream of being Miss America?

威廉·戈德曼：我想知道，我不知道，现在六七岁的小女孩是否梦想成为美国小姐？

I don't know.

我不知道。

Or do they dream of replacing Bill Gates, I have no idea.

或者他们是否梦想取代比尔·盖茨，我不知道。

See the winners of other American beauty pageants.

查看其他美国选美比赛的获胜者。

Read the fine print in this pageant contract, which includes the notorious rule barring non-white women from competing.

请阅读这份选美合同中的细则，其中包括禁止非白人女性参加比赛的臭名昭著的规则。

A timeline of the pageant and American women's history.

选美和美国女性历史的时间表。

Read about the Miss America Organization, Lenora Slaughter's work to transform the pageant, and its host Bert Parks.

了解美国小姐组织、莱诺拉·斯劳特 (Lenora Slaughter) 为改变选美所做的努力，以及主持人伯特·帕克斯 (Bert Parks)。

Follow the evolution of beauty culture and pageantry from ancient Greece and medieval era European festivals to modern beauty queens on a world stage.

跟随选美文化和盛典的演变，从古希腊和中世纪欧洲节日到世界舞台上的现代选美皇后。

Read about the pageant's long history of excluding women of color and the 1968 protest.

了解选美大赛排斥有色女性的悠久历史以及 1968 年的抗议活动。